卷五 五之二
《南山》,刺襄公也。鸟兽之行,淫乎其妹,大夫遇是恶,作诗而去之。襄公之妹,鲁桓公夫人文姜也。襄公素与淫通。及嫁,公谪之。公与夫人如齐,夫人愬之襄公。襄公使公子彭生乘公而搤杀之,夫人久留於齐。庄公即位后乃来,犹复会齐侯于禚,于祝丘,又如齐师。齐大夫见襄公行恶如是,作诗以刺之。又非鲁桓公不能禁制夫人而去之。
○之行(xing),下(xia)孟反(fan)(fan)。谪,直革反(fan)(fan),责也,又(you)张革反(fan)(fan)。乘(cheng)(cheng),绳(sheng)证反(fan)(fan),一本作“彭生乘(cheng)(cheng)公”,乘(cheng)(cheng)则依字(zi)读。搤,於(wu)革反(fan)(fan),《说(shuo)文》云:“捉也。”《公羊传》云:“拉(la)公幹而(er)杀之。”沈又(you)乌诣反(fan)(fan)。拉(la)音(yin)郎答反(fan)(fan)。复(fu),扶(fu)又(you)反(fan)(fan),下(xia)皆同(tong)(tong)。禚音(yin)灼,地名。行(xing)恶,下(xia)孟反(fan)(fan),下(xia)“之行(xing)”皆同(tong)(tong)。
[疏]“《南山》四章,章六句”至“去之”。
○正义曰:作《南山》诗者,刺襄公也。以襄公为鸟兽之行。鸟兽淫不避亲,襄公行如之,乃淫於己之亲妹,人行之恶,莫甚於此。齐国大夫逢遇君有如是之恶,故作诗以刺君。其人耻事无道之主,既作此诗,遂弃而去之。此妹既嫁於鲁襄公,犹尚淫之。亦犹鲁桓不禁,使之至齐,故作者既刺襄公,又非鲁桓。经上二章刺襄公淫乎其妹,下二章责鲁桓纵恣文姜。序以主刺襄公,故不言鲁桓。大夫遇是恶,作诗而去之,言作诗之意,以见君恶之甚,於经无所当也。
○笺“襄公”至“去之”。
○正义曰:以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《弊(bi)笱(gou)》、《猗嗟》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu),知(zhi)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妹,文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。桓(huan)(huan)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通焉(yan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)。夏四(si)月丙子(zi)(zi),享公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。使公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)乘公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)车。”庄(zhuang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun):“夫人(ren)谮公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰:‘同(tong)非吾子(zi)(zi),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)怒。与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮酒。於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)出焉(yan),使公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)送之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)乘焉(yan),拉(la)幹(gan)而(er)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谪文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),彭(peng)生(sheng)搤(e)杀公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春秋经(jing)》桓(huan)(huan)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“秋,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)翚如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)逆(ni)女。九(jiu)月,夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,是(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)(huan)三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)归(gui)鲁(lu)(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桓(huan)(huan)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)“如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)始云(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通焉(yan)”。笺知(zhi)素与(yu)(yu)淫通者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奸(jian)淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)生(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)聚居,不(bu)(bu)宜既嫁(jia)始然(ran),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)未嫁(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),素与(yu)(yu)淫通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)桓(huan)(huan)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九(jiu)月经(jing)书(shu)“丁卯,子(zi)(zi)同(tong)生(sheng)”,即(ji)(ji)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《猗嗟序(xu)》称(cheng)(cheng)“人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)”,《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》称(cheng)(cheng)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)云(yun)“同(tong)非吾子(zi)(zi)”,明非如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)始与(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》为(wei)(wei)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谪”张本,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)始言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)通”耳。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》“拉(la)幹(gan)而(er)杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,《史记(ji)》称(cheng)(cheng)“使公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)彭(peng)生(sheng)抱鲁(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上车,摺(zhe)其(qi)胁(xie),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)车”,摺(zhe)与(yu)(yu)拉(la)音义同(tong)。彼(bi)皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)拉(la)杀,此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)搤(e)杀者,《说文(wen)(wen)(wen)》云(yun):“搤(e),捉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”何(he)休云(yun):“幹(gan)胁(xie)拉(la)折声。”正谓(wei)手捉其(qi)胁(xie)而(er)折,拉(la)然(ran)为(wei)(wei)声,此(ci)指言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)杀状,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)搤(e)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)(huan)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)与(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),经(jing)书(shu)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)至(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,传(chuan)(chuan)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)来归(gui)。庄(zhuang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)云(yun):“不(bu)(bu)书(shu)即(ji)(ji)位(wei),文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)出故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),犹在齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)未来,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“夫人(ren)久留於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)位(wei)后(hou)乃(nai)(nai)来”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)来年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)月,三(san)(san)(san)传(chuan)(chuan)无文(wen)(wen)(wen)。庄(zhuang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)经(jing)书(shu)“三(san)(san)(san)月,夫人(ren)逊(xun)(xun)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”,《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun):“夫人(ren)固在齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)矣。其(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)逊(xun)(xun)何(he)?念(nian)母(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正月以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)存君(jun),念(nian)母(mu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)首事(shi)。”何(he)休及贾(jia)逵(kui)、服(fu)虔(qian)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei),桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薨,至(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)(san)月期而(er)小(xiao)(xiao)祥,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)忧(you)思少杀,念(nian)及於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)母(mu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)罪重,不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)“逊(xun)(xun)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”耳。其(qi)实(shi)先在於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),本未归(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),“夫人(ren)会(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禚(zhuo)”,是(shi)(shi)从鲁(lu)(lu)往之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)已反鲁(lu)(lu)矣。服(fu)虔(qian)云(yun)盖鲁(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)从齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)来,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)为(wei)(wei)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始来。杜(du)(du)预(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庄(zhuang)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)岁首即(ji)(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)来,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)母(mu)出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),不(bu)(bu)忍(ren)即(ji)(ji)位(wei)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)感公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)意而(er)来。既至(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)所尤,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)(san)月又(you)(you)逊(xun)(xun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。谓(wei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)来而(er)复去(qu),非先在齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。二(er)者说虽不(bu)(bu)同(tong),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)乃(nai)(nai)来也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)(du)预(yu)创(chuang)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)说,前(qian)儒尽不(bu)(bu)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《丧(sang)服(fu)小(xiao)(xiao)记(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注引(yin)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》正月存亲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),则(ze)亦(yi)同(tong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)贾(jia)、服(fu),至(zhi)(zhi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)乃(nai)(nai)归(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春秋》经(jing)“庄(zhuang)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)会(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)禚(zhuo)。四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)享齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祝丘。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师。”是(shi)(shi)夫人(ren)复会(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)淫於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)妹,终说其(qi)淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。若然(ran),按经(jing)“庄(zhuang)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春,夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)会(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)防。冬,夫人(ren)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)会(hui)(hui)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)穀”,亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)淫事(shi)。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者,略举其(qi)先三(san)(san)(san)会(hui)(hui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)包其(qi)后(hou)二(er)会(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)“会(hui)(hui)禚(zhuo)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)“书(shu)奸(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)会(hui)(hui)防之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,杜(du)(du)预(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei),意出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫人(ren)则(ze)云(yun)“书(shu)奸(jian)”,意出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)云(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志”。传(chuan)(chuan)举二(er)端(duan),其(qi)馀皆(jie)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)“祝丘”与(yu)(yu)“如(ru)(ru)(ru)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)师”,奸(jian)由从夫人(ren);“防”、“穀”,奸(jian)发(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。郑(zheng)意或亦(yi)当然(ran)。今(jin)此(ci)笺又(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)有(you)非鲁(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),而(er)序(xu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),据夫人(ren)发(fa)文(wen)(wen)(wen),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)申其(qi)意,言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)夫见(jian)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行(xing)恶如(ru)(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi),作诗(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);又(you)(you)非鲁(lu)(lu)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)能禁制(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)诗(shi)经(jing)有(you)此(ci)二(er)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)云(yun)“去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者,叠(die)序(xu)“去(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”文(wen)(wen)(wen),谓(wei)弃(qi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)去(qu)。
南山崔崔,雄狐绥绥。兴也。南山,齐南山也。崔崔,高大也。国君尊严,如南山崔崔然。雄狐相随,绥绥然无别,失阴阳之匹。笺云:雄狐行求匹耦於南山之上,形貌绥绥然。兴者,喻襄公居人君之尊,而为淫泆之行,其威仪可耻恶如狐。
○崔,子虽反,又音佳。别,彼列反。泆音逸,下同。恶,乌路反,又如字。
○鲁道有荡,齐子由归。荡,平易也。齐子,文姜也。笺云:妇人谓嫁曰归。言文姜既以礼从此道嫁于鲁侯也。
○荡,徒党反,徐敕党反。易,夷豉反。既曰(yue)归止,曷又(you)怀(huai)(huai)止?怀(huai)(huai),思也。笺(jian)云:怀(huai)(huai),来(lai)也。言文姜(jiang)既曰(yue)嫁于鲁侯矣,何复来(lai)为(wei)乎?非其来(lai)也。
[疏]“南出”至“怀止”。
○毛以为,南山、雄狐,各自为喻。言南山高大崔崔然,以喻国君之位尊高如山也。雄狐相随绥绥然,雄当配雌,理亦当然也。今二雄无别,失阴阳之匹,以喻夫当配妻。今襄公兄与妹淫,亦失阴阳之匹。以襄公居尊位而失匹配,故举淫事以责之。言鲁之道路有荡然平易,齐侯之子女文姜用此道而归嫁於鲁。既曰归於鲁止,自有夫矣,襄公何为复思之止?而与之会,为此淫乎?
○郑以为,狐在山上为喻,言南山高大崔崔然,有雄狐在此山上,以求配耦,形貌绥绥然,其状可耻恶也。喻说在笺。既言公淫可恶,又责文姜会公。言鲁之道路有荡然而平易,齐子文姜从此道而归於鲁。既曰归於鲁止,当专意事夫,何为又复来止?责文姜之来会襄公也。
○传“南山”至“之匹”。
○正义曰:诗人自歌土风,山川不出其境,故云“南山,齐南山”。举南山形貌高大崔崔然,故知喻国君之位尊严,言其高大如南山也。绥绥是匹行之貌,今言雄狐相随绥绥然,明是二雄狐相匹,故云雄狐绥绥然,是二狐俱雄,无有别异,失阴阳之匹,以喻兄与妹淫,亦失阴阳之匹也。今定本云“失阴阳之正”,义亦通也。检此传文,无狐在山上之意,则各自为喻,异於郑也。对文则飞曰雌雄,走曰牝牡。散则可以相通。《牧誓》曰“牝鸡之晨”,飞得称牝,明走得称雄。僖十五年《左传》称“秦伯伐晋,筮之遇蛊,其繇曰:‘获其雄狐。’”亦谓牡为雄,与此同也。
○笺“雄狐”至“如狐”。
○正义曰:笺以南山、雄狐文势相连,则是狐在山上,不宜别以为喻。又狐必雄雌相从,无二雄相随之理,故以为狐求匹耦於南山之上,喻襄公淫泆於人君之位,其可耻恶如狐貌。以狐比之,《有狐》之传以“绥绥,匹行之貌”,则此言绥绥亦匹行之貌。言求匹耦者,正谓无雌相随,是求匹耦也。在高显之处,使人见之,是谓可恶也。
○传“荡平”至“文姜”。
○正义曰:以其说道路之貌,故以荡为平易,言地平而易,无险难也。文姜,齐女,故谓之齐子。传於诗“由”多训为“用”,此当言用此道以归鲁也。
○传“怀,思”。
○正义曰:《释诂》文。王肃云:“文姜既嫁於鲁,適人矣,何为复思与之会而淫乎?”
○笺“怀来”至“其来”。
○正义曰:“怀,来”,《释言》文(wen)。以(yi)归(gui)止谓(wei)文(wen)姜归(gui),则怀止亦谓(wei)文(wen)姜怀,不(bu)宜谓(wei)襄(xiang)公(gong)思,故易传以(yi)为非责文(wen)姜之(zhi)来也。
葛屦五两,冠緌双止。葛屦,服之贱者。冠緌,服之尊者。笺云:葛屦五两,喻文姜与侄娣及傅姆同处。冠緌,喻襄公也。五人奇,而襄公往,从而双之。冠屦不宜同处,犹襄公、文姜不宜为夫妇之道。
○屦,九具反。两,王(wang)肃如字,沈音(yin)(yin)亮(liang)。緌,如谁(shei)反。傅姆,上音(yin)(yin)付,下音(yin)(yin)茂。处,昌虑反,下同。奇,居宜反。鲁道有荡,齐(qi)子庸止(zhi)。庸,用也(ye)。既曰庸止(zhi),曷又从(cong)止(zhi)?笺云:此言文姜既用此道嫁於鲁侯,襄公何复送而从(cong)之,为(wei)淫泆之行(xing)?
[疏]“葛屦”至“从止”。
○正义曰:屦以两只为具,五为数之奇。言葛屦服之贱,虽有五两,其数虽奇,以寇緌往配而双止,则非其宜,以喻文姜是襄公之妹,虽与侄娣傅姆有五人矣,其数虽奇,以襄公往配而双之,亦非其宜。襄公,兄也;文姜,妹也,兄妹相配,是非其宜。既云不宜相配,又责非理为淫。鲁之道路有荡然平易,齐子文姜用此道以归鲁止,既曰用此道以归鲁止,彼自有夫,襄公何为复从双止?责其复从文姜为淫泆之行。
○传“葛屦”至“尊者”。
○正义曰:贱宜对贵,尊当对卑。在身之服,上尊下卑。葛屦服之於足,葛又物之贱者,故以贱言之;冠緌服之於首,是服之最尊,所用之物贵,故以尊言之,亦令其贵贱尊卑互相见也。
○笺“葛屦”至“之道”。
○正义曰:屦必两只相配,故以一两为一物。緌必属之於冠,故冠緌其为一同。葛屦言五,冠緌言双,由是五为奇,故欲双之使耦也。奇,大数矣,独举五而言,明五必有象,故以喻文姜与侄娣傅姆五人俱是妇人,不宜以襄公往双之。云其数奇,以经有“五两”,故以五人解之。庄十九年《公羊传》曰:“诸侯一娶九女,二国往媵之,皆有侄娣从。侄者何?兄之子。娣者何?女弟也。”是诸侯夫人有侄有娣也。襄三十年《公羊传》曰:“宋灾,伯姬存焉。有司请出。伯姬曰:‘吾闻之,妇人夜出,不见傅姆不下堂。’傅至,姆未至,逮火而死。”是诸侯夫人有傅、姆也。《士昏礼》云:“姆在其右。”注云:“姆,妇人年五十无子,出而不复嫁,能以妇道教人者,若今时乳母矣。”士妻之姆如此,则诸侯夫人其姆亦当然也。《内则》云:“女子十年不出,傅姆教之,执麻枲,治丝茧。”则傅是姆类,亦当以妇人老者为之矣。何休云:“选老大夫为傅,大夫妻为姆。”以男子为傅,《书传》未有云焉。且大夫之妻当自处家,无由从女而嫁,使夫人动辄待之,何休之言,非礼意也。冠屦贵贱,不宜同处,由襄公与文姜,兄之与妹,不宜为夫妇之道。又襄公止复文姜耳,传不言淫其侄娣,又傅、姆老人,非襄公俦类,而云襄公双之者,正以侄、娣、傅、姆与文姜同是妇人,聚居一处,襄公乃以男子厕入其中,不宜与妹相耦。作者指言其不宜双文姜耳,非谓襄公於五人皆淫之。
○笺“此言”至“之行”。
○正义曰(yue):上言曷又(you)怀止,笺谓责(ze)(ze)文(wen)姜(jiang)之来。此言曷又(you)从(cong)(cong)止,以(yi)为责(ze)(ze)襄公从(cong)(cong)之者(zhe),以(yi)“怀止”与(yu)“归止”文(wen)连,归是(shi)文(wen)姜(jiang)归鲁,故知(zhi)怀是(shi)文(wen)姜(jiang)来齐。此与(yu)“庸止”文(wen)连,庸是(shi)用道而往,则(ze)从(cong)(cong)是(shi)逐后从(cong)(cong)之,故知(zhi)责(ze)(ze)襄公从(cong)(cong)之。言以(yi)意从(cong)(cong)送,与(yu)之为淫耳(er),非谓从(cong)(cong)之至鲁也(ye)。
蓺麻如之何?衡从其亩。蓺,树也。衡猎之,从猎之,种之然后得麻。笺云:树麻者必先耕治其田,然后树之,以言人君取妻必先议於父母。
○蓺,鱼世反,本或作“艺”,技艺字耳。衡音横,注同,亦作“横”字,又一音如字,“衡”即训为“横”。《韩诗》云:“东西耕曰横。”从,足容反,注同。《韩诗》作“由”,云:“南北耕曰由。”取妻如之何?必告父母。必告父母庙。笺云:取妻之礼,议於生者,卜於死者,此之谓告。
○取,七喻反,注下皆同。既曰告止,曷又鞠止?鞠,穷也。笺云:鞠,盈也。鲁侯女既告父母而取,何复盈从令至于齐乎?非鲁桓。
○鞠,居六反。令,力呈反,下同。
[疏]“蓺麻”至“鞠止”。
○毛以为,种麻之法如之何乎?必横纵猎其田亩,种之然后得麻,以兴娶妻之法如之何乎?必告庙,启其父母,娶之然后得妻。鲁桓既曰告庙而娶得之止,宜以妇道禁之,何为又使穷极邪意而至齐乎?止责鲁桓不禁制文姜。郑唯以“鞠”为“盈”为异,馀同。
○传“蓺树”至“得麻”。
○正义曰:此云“蓺麻”,后稷《生民》云“蓺之荏菽”,《大司徒》云“教稼穑树蓺”,则树蓺皆种之别名,故云蓺犹树也。在田逐禽谓之猎,则猎是行步践屦之名。衡,古横字也。衡猎之,纵猎之,谓既耕而东西践蹑概摩之也。古者推耒耜而耕,不宜纵横耕田,且《书传》未有谓耕为猎者,故知是摩猎之也。今定本云“重之然后得麻”,义虽得通,不如为“种”字也。
○笺“取妻”至“谓告”。
○正义曰:传以经云“必告父母”,嫌其唯告生者,故云“必告父母之庙”。笺又嫌其唯告於庙,故云“议於生者,卜於死者”,以足之。婚有纳吉之礼,卜而得吉,使告女家,是娶妻必卜之。《士冠礼》云“筮於庙门”,明卜亦在庙也。《曲礼》云“男女非有行媒,不相知名”,故齐戒以告鬼神。昭元年《左传》说楚公子围将娶妻於郑,其辞云:“围布几筵,告於庄、恭之庙而来。”是娶妻自有告庙之法。而笺必以为卜者,以纳吉为六礼之一,故举卜言之。案《婚礼》受纳采之礼云:“主人筵於户西。”注云:“主人,女父也。筵,为神布席也。将以先祖之遗体许人,故受其礼於庙也。”其后诸礼皆转以相似,则礼法皆告庙矣。女家尚每事告庙,则夫家将行六礼,皆告於庙,非徒一卜而已。明以卜为大事,故特言之。
○传“鞠,穷”。
○正义曰:《释言》文。传意当谓鲁桓纵恣文姜,使穷极邪意也。
○笺“鞠盈”至“鲁桓”。
○正义曰:《释诂》文(wen)。笺以(yi)此责鲁(lu)桓之辞,不宜唯言文(wen)姜之穷极邪意,故易传以(yi)为盈(ying),责鲁(lu)桓之盈(ying)纵文(wen)姜,不禁制之。
析薪如之何?匪斧不克。克,能也。笺云:此言析薪必待斧乃能也。
○析,星(xing)历反。取(qu)妻(qi)如(ru)之何(he)?匪媒(mei)不(bu)得(de)。笺(jian)云:此言取(qu)妻(qi)必待媒(mei)乃得(de)也。既曰得(de)止(zhi),曷又(you)极(ji)(ji)止(zhi)?极(ji)(ji),至也。笺(jian)云:女既以媒(mei)得(de)之矣,何(he)不(bu)禁(jin)制,而恣极(ji)(ji)其邪意,令至齐乎?又(you)非鲁桓。
[疏]“析薪”至“极止”。
○正义曰:言析薪之法如之何乎?非用斧不能斫之,以兴娶妻之法如之何乎?非使媒不能得之。鲁桓既曰使媒得之止,宜以妇道禁之,何为穷极邪意而至齐止?又责鲁桓不禁制文姜也。
○传“极,至”。
○正义(yi)曰:《释诂》文。笺言“恣(zi)极(ji)邪意,令至齐(qi)”者,中说极(ji)为至之(zhi)义(yi),恣(zi)解义(yi)之(zhi)言,非经(jing)中极(ji)也。
《南山》四(si)章(zhang),章(zhang)六句。
《甫田(tian)》,大夫刺襄公也(ye)。无礼义而求大功,不修(xiu)德而求诸侯,志(zhi)大心劳(lao),所以求者(zhe)非其道(dao)也(ye)。
[疏]“《甫田》三章,章四句”至“其道”。
○正义(yi)曰:《甫田》诗者,齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)夫所(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)刺(ci)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)也(ye)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)身无(wu)礼义(yi),而(er)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)己有(you)大(da)(da)(da)功,不(bu)能(neng)自修其德,而(er)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)从己。有(you)义(yi)而(er)后(hou)功立,惟(wei)德可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来人。今襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)无(wu)礼义(yi)、无(wu)德,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)必(bi)不(bu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其志望大(da)(da)(da),徒使心劳(lao)(lao),而(er)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者非其道(dao)也(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)非其道(dao),故作(zuo)(zuo)诗以(yi)(yi)(yi)刺(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)功与求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),一也(ye),若诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则大(da)(da)(da)功克立,所(suo)从言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异耳(er)。求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)功者,欲(yu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为霸(ba)(ba)(ba)主(zhu)也(ye)。天(tian)(tian)子衰(shuai),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)兴,故曰霸(ba)(ba)(ba)。《中候》“霸(ba)(ba)(ba)免”,注云:“霸(ba)(ba)(ba),犹把也(ye),把天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。”於时王室微弱,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)无(wu)主(zhu),齐是大(da)(da)(da)国(guo),故欲(yu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)《国(guo)语》云“齐庄、僖於是乎小伯”,韦昭(zhao)曰:“小伯主(zhu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)会。襄(xiang)(xiang)即庄孙(sun)、僖子,以(yi)(yi)(yi)父祖已作(zuo)(zuo)盟(meng)会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为霸(ba)(ba)(ba)业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基。又(you)自以(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)大(da)(da)(da)民众,负恃强力(li),故欲(yu)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)为霸(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)。至其弟桓公(gong),即求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)而(er)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是齐国(guo)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为霸(ba)(ba)(ba),但襄(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)无(wu)德而(er)不(bu)可(ke)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)耳(er)。上二章刺(ci)其求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)大(da)(da)(da)功,卒章刺(ci)其不(bu)能(neng)修德,皆言其所(suo)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)非道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。“劳(lao)(lao)心忉忉”,是志大(da)(da)(da)心劳(lao)(lao)。
无田甫田,维莠骄骄。兴也。甫,大也。大田过度,而无人功,终不能获。笺云:兴者,喻人君欲立功致治,必勤身修德,积小以成高大。
○莠,羊九反。无田,音佃,下同。治,直吏反。无思远人,劳心忉忉。忉忉,忧劳也。笺云:言无德而求诸侯,徒劳其心忉忉耳。
○忉音刀。
[疏]“无田”至“忉忉”。
○正义曰:上田谓垦耕,下田谓土地。以襄公所求非道,故设辞以戒之。言人治田,无得田此大田,若大田过度,力不充给,田必芜秽,维有莠草骄骄然。以喻公无霸德,思念远人,若思彼远人,德不致物,人必不至,维劳其心忉忉然。言人之欲种田求穀,必准功治田,穀乃可获,喻人君欲立功致治,必勤身修德,功乃可立。无德而求诸侯,徒劳其心也。责襄公之妄求诸侯也。
○传“甫田”至“能获”。
○正义曰:“甫,大”,《释诂》文。言“无田甫田”,犹《多方》云“宅尔宅田”。尔田,今人谓佃,食古之遗语也。禁人言“无田甫田”,犹下句云“无思远人”。无田与无思相对为喻。《周礼》授民田,“上地家百亩,中地家二百亩,下地家三百亩”。谓其人力堪治,故礼以此为度。过度,谓过此数而广治田也。
○传“忉忉,忧劳”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):《释(shi)训(xun)》云(yun):“忉(dao)忉(dao),忧也(ye)。”以言劳(lao)心,故(gu)云(yun)“忧劳(lao)也(ye)”。
无田甫田,维莠桀桀。桀桀,犹骄骄也。
○桀,居竭反,徐又居谒反。无思远人,劳心怛怛。怛怛,犹忉忉也。
○怛,旦末(mo)反。
婉兮娈兮,总角丱兮。“未几见兮,突而弁兮!婉娈,少好貌。总角,聚两髦也。丱,幼稚也。弁,冠也。笺云:人君内善其身,外修其德,居无几何,可以立功,犹是婉娈之童子,少自修饰,丱然而稚,见之无几何,突耳加冠为成人也。
○婉,於阮反(fan)。娈,力转反(fan)。緫,本又作揔,子孔(kong)反(fan)。丱(guan),古(gu)患反(fan)。几,居岂反(fan),注(zhu)同。“见(jian)兮”,一本作“见(jian)之(zhi)”。突,吐(tu)活反(fan),注(zhu)同;《方言》云“凡(fan)卒相见(jian)谓之(zhi)突”,吐(tu)讷(ne)反(fan)。弁,皮眷(juan)反(fan)。髦音毛。少,诗(shi)照反(fan)。
[疏]“婉兮”至“弁兮”。
○正义曰:言有童子婉然而少,娈然而好兮,緫聚其发,以为两角丱然兮,幼稚如此。与别,未经几时而更见之,突然已加冠弁为成人兮。言童子少自修饰,未几时而即得成人,以喻人君能善身修德,未几时而可以立功。今君不修其德,欲求有功,故刺之。
○传“婉娈”至“弁冠”。
○正义(yi)曰:《候人》传(chuan)曰:“婉,少貌。娈,好貌。”此(ci)并训之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)言(yan)少好貌。《内则》云:“男(nan)女(nv)未(wei)冠(guan)(guan)笄者(zhe),緫(zong)角,衿缨。”冠(guan)(guan)所以(yi)(yi)覆发,未(wei)冠(guan)(guan)则緫(zong)角,故(gu)知“緫(zong)角,聚两髦”,言(yan)緫(zong)聚其髦以(yi)(yi)为两角也(ye)(ye)。“丱兮(xi)”与“緫(zong)角”共文,故(gu)为幼稚。《周礼(li)》掌冠(guan)(guan)冕(mian)者(zhe),其职(zhi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弁(bian)师,则弁(bian)者(zhe)冠(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大号,故(gu)为弁(bian)冠(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。《士(shi)(shi)冠(guan)(guan)礼(li)》及《冠(guan)(guan)义(yi)》记士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)(guan)云:“始加(jia)缁布冠(guan)(guan),次加(jia)皮弁(bian),次加(jia)爵弁(bian)。三加(jia)而(er)后字之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),成人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)。”然则士(shi)(shi)有三加(jia)冠(guan)(guan)。此(ci)言(yan)“突若(ruo)弁(bian)兮(xi)”,指言(yan)童子成人加(jia)冠(guan)(guan)而(er)已(yi),不主斥其一冠(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)犹耳(er)也(ye)(ye),故(gu)笺(jian)言(yan)“突耳(er)加(jia)冠(guan)(guan)为成人”。《猗(yi)嗟》“颀若(ruo)”,言(yan)若(ruo)者(zhe),皆然耳(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),古人语之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异耳(er)。定(ding)本云“突而(er)弁(bian)兮(xi)”,不作(zuo)“若(ruo)”字。
《甫田》三章(zhang),章(zhang)四句。
《卢令》,刺荒也。襄公好田猎毕弋而不修民事,百姓苦之,故陈古以风焉。毕,噣也。弋,缴射也。
○令音(yin)零。下同(tong)。好,呼报反。风,福凤反。噣,直角反,本亦作“浊”。毕,星名,何(he)音(yin)犊。缴音(yin)灼。
[疏]“《卢令》三章,章二句”至“风焉”。
○正义曰:作《卢令》诗者,刺荒也。所以刺之者,以襄公性好田猎,用毕以掩兔,用弋以射雁。好此游田逐禽,而不修治民之事,国内百姓皆患苦之,故作是诗,陈古者田猎之事,以风刺襄公焉。经三章,皆言有德之君,顺时田猎,与百姓共乐之事。
○笺“毕,噣。弋,缴射”。
○正义曰:《释天(tian)》云(yun):“噣(zhou)(zhou)谓之毕(bi)(bi)。”李(li)巡(xun)曰:“噣(zhou)(zhou),阴气独起,阳气必(bi)止,故(gu)曰毕(bi)(bi)。毕(bi)(bi),止也(ye)。”孙(sun)炎曰:“掩(yan)兔之毕(bi)(bi),或(huo)谓之噣(zhou)(zhou),因(yin)名星(xing)云(yun)。”郭(guo)璞曰:“掩(yan)兔之毕(bi)(bi),或(huo)呼为噣(zhou)(zhou),因(yin)星(xing)形(xing)以(yi)名之。”《月令》注云(yun):“网小而柄长(zhang)谓之毕(bi)(bi)。”然则(ze)此器(qi)形(xing)似毕(bi)(bi)星(xing),孙(sun)谓以(yi)网名毕(bi)(bi),郭(guo)谓以(yi)毕(bi)(bi)名网。郭(guo)说是也(ye)。出绳系矢而射鸟,谓之缴射也(ye)。
卢令令,其人美且仁。卢,田犬。令令,缨环声。言人君能有美德,尽其仁爱,百姓欣而奉之,爱而乐之。顺时游田,与百姓共其乐,同其获,故百姓闻而说之,其乐令令然。
○缨,於(wu)盈反(fan),又於(wu)政反(fan)。乐音洛,下同。说音悦。
[疏]“卢令”至“且仁”。
○正义曰:言古者有德之君,顺时田猎,与百姓共乐同获,百姓闻而悦之。言吾君之卢犬,其环铃铃然为声。又美其君,言吾君其为人也,美好且有仁恩。言古者贤君田猎,百姓爱之,刺今君田猎,则百姓苦之。
○传“卢田”至“令令然”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue):犬(quan)有田(tian)犬(quan)、守(shou)犬(quan)。《战国(guo)策》云(yun):“韩国(guo)卢,天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)骏犬(quan)也(ye)(ye)。东郭(guo)逡,海内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狡兔。韩卢逐东郭(guo),绕(rao)山三,越冈五,兔极於前(qian),犬(quan)疲於后,俱为田(tian)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所获。”是(shi)卢为田(tian)犬(quan)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言“铃(ling)(ling)铃(ling)(ling)”,下(xia)(xia)言“环(huan)(huan)”、“鋂”,铃(ling)(ling)铃(ling)(ling)即是(shi)环(huan)(huan)、鋂声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状。环(huan)(huan)在犬(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颔下(xia)(xia),如(ru)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠缨然(ran)(ran),故(gu)云(yun)“缨环(huan)(huan)声(sheng)”也(ye)(ye)。言人君(jun)有美(mei)德,以下(xia)(xia)言百(bai)姓所以悦(yue)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。《孟子·谓梁惠王(wang)(wang)》曰(yue)(yue):“今王(wang)(wang)田(tian)猎(lie)於此(ci),百(bai)姓闻王(wang)(wang)车马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,见羽旄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),举疾首蹙(cu)頞(e)而相告(gao)曰(yue)(yue):‘吾王(wang)(wang)好田(tian)猎(lie),夫(fu)何(he)使(shi)我至(zhi)於此(ci)极也(ye)(ye)?父子不相见,兄弟(di)妻子离(li)散。’此(ci)无(wu)他(ta),不与民同乐也(ye)(ye)。今王(wang)(wang)田(tian)猎(lie)於此(ci),百(bai)姓闻王(wang)(wang)车马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,见羽旄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),举忺(xian)(xian)忺(xian)(xian)然(ran)(ran)有喜(xi)色而相告(gao)曰(yue)(yue):‘吾王(wang)(wang)庶几(ji)无(wu)疾病与,何(he)能田(tian)猎(lie)也(ye)(ye)?’此(ci)无(wu)他(ta),与民同乐也(ye)(ye)。”则百(bai)姓悦(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。今定本云(yun)“喻人君(jun)能有美(mei)德”,“喻”字误也(ye)(ye)。
卢重环,重环,子母环也。
○重,直龙反,下同。其人美且鬈。鬈,好貌。笺云:鬈读当为权。权,勇壮也。
○鬈音(yin)权,《说文》云:“发(fa)好貌(mao)。”
[疏]笺“鬈读”至“勇壮”。
○正义曰:笺以诸言且(qie)者,皆(jie)辞兼二事,若鬈(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)好貌,则与(yu)美(mei)是(shi)一也。“且(qie)仁”、“且(qie)偲(si)(si)”,既美(mei)而复有(you)仁才(cai)(cai),则“且(qie)鬈(quan)(quan)(quan)”不得为(wei)好貌,故(gu)(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)。《巧言》云:“无拳无勇(yong)。”其文相连(lian),是(shi)鬈(quan)(quan)(quan)为(wei)勇(yong)壮也。以君(jun)能(neng)(neng)尽其仁爱,与(yu)百姓同乐,故(gu)(gu)美(mei)其“且(qie)仁”。以君(jun)身有(you)勇(yong)壮,能(neng)(neng)捕(bu)取猛兽(shou),故(gu)(gu)美(mei)其“且(qie)鬈(quan)(quan)(quan)”。以君(jun)善於(wu)射御,多(duo)有(you)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng),故(gu)(gu)美(mei)其“且(qie)偲(si)(si)”。皆(jie)是(shi)猎(lie)(lie)时之(zhi)(zhi)事,故(gu)(gu)历言之(zhi)(zhi)。《大叔于田(tian)叙》云:“叔多(duo)才(cai)(cai)而好勇(yong)”,亦谓猎(lie)(lie)时有(you)才(cai)(cai)勇(yong)也。
卢重鋂,鋂,一环贯二也。
○鋂音梅。其人美且偲。偲,才也。笺云:才,多才也。
○偲,七才反,《说文》云:“强也。”
[疏]传“鋂,一环贯二”。
○正义曰:上言(yan)重环(huan)(huan),谓“环(huan)(huan)相重”,故(gu)知谓“子母环(huan)(huan)”,谓大(da)(da)环(huan)(huan)贯(guan)一(yi)小环(huan)(huan)也。“重鋂”与(yu)“重环(huan)(huan)”别,则与(yu)子母之环(huan)(huan)文(wen)当异,故(gu)知“一(yi)环(huan)(huan)贯(guan)二(er)”,谓一(yi)大(da)(da)环(huan)(huan)贯(guan)二(er)小环(huan)(huan)也。《说文(wen)》亦(yi)云:“鋂,环(huan)(huan)也,一(yi)环(huan)(huan)贯(guan)二(er)。”
《卢(lu)令(ling)》三章,章二句(ju)。
《敝笱》,刺文姜也。齐人恶鲁桓公微弱,不能防闲文姜,使至淫乱,为二国患焉。
○敝(bi)笱(gou),婢世反,徐(xu)符灭反,本(ben)又作“弊”,败也。笱(gou)音古口(kou)反,取鱼器也。恶,乌路反。
[疏]“《敝笱》三章,章四句”至“患焉”。
○正义曰(yue):作(zuo)《敝笱》诗者(zhe),刺(ci)(ci)(ci)文姜(jiang)也。所(suo)以刺(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),文姜(jiang)是鲁桓(huan)夫人,齐(qi)人恶(e)鲁桓(huan)公(gong)为(wei)(wei)夫微弱(ruo),不能防(fang)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)文姜(jiang),使至於(wu)齐(qi),与(yu)(yu)兄淫(yin)乱(luan),为(wei)(wei)二国之(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)焉,故(gu)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)也。文姜(jiang)淫(yin)乱(luan),由(you)鲁桓(huan)微弱(ruo)使然。经三章,皆是恶(e)鲁桓(huan)以刺(ci)(ci)(ci)文姜(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)辞。《夏官(guan)·虎贲(bi)氏(shi)》云(yun):“舍则守(shou)王(wang)(wang)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)。”注云(yun):“舍,王(wang)(wang)出所(suo)止宿处也。闲(xian)(xian)(xian),梐枑也。”《天官(guan)·掌舍》“掌王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)会同之(zhi)(zhi)舍,设梐枑再重(zhong)”,杜子春云(yun):“梐枑谓行(xing)马(ma)。玄(xuan)谓行(xing)马(ma)再重(zhong)者(zhe),以周卫有外(wai)内列。周卫,防(fang)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)物,名之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)。”则闲(xian)(xian)(xian)亦(yi)防(fang)禁(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)名,故(gu)此及《猗嗟》之(zhi)(zhi)序皆防(fang)闲(xian)(xian)(xian)并言之(zhi)(zhi)也。齐(qi)则襄公(gong)通妹(mei),鲁则夫人外(wai)淫(yin)。桓(huan)公(gong)见杀於(wu)齐(qi),襄公(gong)恶(e)名不灭(mie),是为(wei)(wei)二国患(huan)也。文姜(jiang)既嫁於(wu)鲁,齐(qi)人不当刺(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi),由(you)其(qi)兄与(yu)(yu)妹(mei)淫(yin),齐(qi)人恶(e)君(jun)而复(fu)恶(e)文姜(jiang),亦(yi)所(suo)以刺(ci)(ci)(ci)君(jun),故(gu)编(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)襄公(gong)诗也。
敝笱在梁,其鱼鲂鳏。兴也。鳏,大鱼。笺云:鳏,鱼子也。鲂也,鳏也,鱼之易制者,然而敝败之笱不能制。兴者,喻鲁桓微弱,不能防闲文姜,终其初时之婉顺。
○鲂音房。鳏,毛古顽反,郑古魂反。易,夷豉反。齐子归止,其从如云。如云,言盛也。笺云:其从,侄娣之属。言文姜初嫁于鲁桓之时,其从者之心意如云然。云之行,顺风耳。后知鲁桓微弱,文姜遂淫恣,从者亦随之为恶。
○从(cong),才用反,注下(xia)皆同。
[疏]“敝笱”至“如云”。
○毛以为,笱者捕鱼之器。弊败之笱在於鱼梁,其鱼乃是鲂鳏之大鱼,非弊败之笱所能制,以喻微弱之君为其夫婿,其妻乃是强盛之齐女,非微弱之夫所能制,刺鲁桓之微弱,不能制文姜也。又言文姜难制之意。齐子文姜初归於鲁国止,其从者庶姜庶士,其数众多如云然,以此强盛,故鲁桓不能禁也。
○郑以为,弊败之笱在於鱼梁,其鱼乃是鲂鳏之小鱼。鲂鳏自是鱼之易制者,但笱以弊败,不能制,以喻文姜是妇人之易制者,但由鲁桓以微弱不能制。由其不制文姜,故令从者亦恶。齐子文姜初归於鲁国止,其从者之心如云然。云行顺风东西,从者随嫡善恶,由文姜淫泆,故从者亦淫。
○传“鳏,大鱼”。
○正义曰:《孔丛子》云:“卫人钓於河,得鳏鱼焉,其大盈车,子思问曰:‘如何得之?’对曰:‘吾下钓垂一鲂之饵,鳏过而不视。又以豚之半,鳏则吞矣。’子思叹曰:‘鱼贪饵以死,士贪禄以亡。’”是鳏为大鱼也。传以鳏为大鱼,则以大为喻。王肃言:“鲁桓之不能制文姜,若弊笱之不能制大鱼也。”
○笺“鳏鱼”至“婉顺”。
○正义曰:“鳏,鱼子”,《释鱼》文。李巡曰:“凡鱼之子总名鲲也。鲲、鳏字异,盖古字通用。或郑本作‘鲲’也。《鲁语》云:‘宣公夏滥於泗渊,里革断其罟而弃之,曰:鱼禁鲲<鱼面>,鸟翼鷇卵,蕃庶物也。’”是亦以鲲为鱼子也。毛以鲲为大鱼,郑以鲲为鱼子而与鲂相配,则鲂之为鱼,中鱼也,故可以为大亦可以为小。陆机《疏》云:“鲂,今伊、洛、济、颍鲂鱼也,广而薄,肥恬而少力,细鳞,鱼之美者。辽东梁水鲂特肥而厚,尤美於中国鲂,故其乡语曰‘居就粮梁水鲂’是也。”笺以一鳏若大鱼,则强笱亦不能制,不当以弊败为喻。且鲂、鲲非极大之鱼,与鳏不类,故易传以为小鱼易制,喻文姜易制,但鲁桓微弱,不能防闲文姜,使终其初时之婉顺。文姜素与兄淫,而云“初时婉顺”者,在齐虽则先淫,至鲁必将改矣,但知桓公微弱,后复更为淫耳。
○传“如云,言盛”。
○正义曰:传以如云言盛,谓其从者多,强盛而难制。孙毓云:“齐为大国,初嫁宠妹,庶姜庶士盛如云雨,故妹来自由,桓公不能禁制。”言从者之盛,传意当然。文姜归鲁之日,襄公未为君,言宠妹则非也。
○笺“其从”至“为恶”。
○正(zheng)义曰:侄(zhi)娣之外,更当有(you)侍御(yu)贱(jian)妾(qie),故(gu)云“其(qi)从,侄(zhi)娣之属”。笺(jian)以作(zuo)诗者主刺(ci)文姜(jiang)(jiang)之恶,而(er)言其(qi)从如云,明以文姜(jiang)(jiang)恶甚,疾其(qi)败(bai)损(sun)族类(lei),故(gu)易传(chuan)以为(wei)从者亦随(sui)文姜(jiang)(jiang)为(wei)恶。
敝笱在梁,其鱼鲂鱮。鲂鱮,大鱼。笺云:鱮,似鲂而弱鳞。
○鱮,象吕反,《广雅》云(yun)“鰱也”,音连。
[疏]笺“鱮,似鲂而弱鳞”。
○正义曰:陆机(ji)《疏(shu)》云:“鱮似(si)鲂,厚而头大(da),鱼之(zhi)不(bu)美(mei)者,故里语曰‘网(wang)鱼得鱮,不(bu)如啗(dan)茹’。其(qi)头尤(you)大(da)而肥者,徐(xu)州人(ren)谓之(zhi)鲢(lian),或(huo)谓之(zhi)鳙(yong)。幽州人(ren)谓之(zhi)鸮<后鸟>,或(huo)谓之(zhi)胡(hu)鳙(yong)。”
齐(qi)子归(gui)止(zhi),其从如(ru)雨(yu)(yu)。如(ru)雨(yu)(yu),言多也。笺云:如(ru)雨(yu)(yu),言无常,天下(xia)之(zhi)则下(xia),天不下(xia)则止(zhi),以(yi)言侄娣(di)之(zhi)善恶,亦文姜所使止(zhi)。
[疏]笺“如雨”至“使止”。
○正(zheng)义曰:侄娣之(zhi)善恶,亦文姜所使,今定本云“所使止(zhi)”,於义是也。
敝笱在梁,其鱼唯唯。唯唯,出入不制。笺云:唯唯,行相随顺之貌。
○唯(wei)唯(wei),维癸反,沈养水反,《韩诗(shi)》作“遗(yi)遗(yi)”,言不能制也(ye)。
[疏]传“唯唯,出入不制”。
○正义曰:上二(er)章(zhang)言鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)名,此章(zhang)言鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)貌,令其上下(xia)相充也(ye)(ye)。唯(wei)唯(wei),正是鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行相随之貌耳。传以弊笱不能制大(da)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)出入(ru)不制。笺以为小(xiao)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)(gu)行相随顺之貌。各从其义,故(gu)(gu)为辞异耳。其於唯(wei)唯(wei),义亦同也(ye)(ye)。
齐子(zi)归止,其(qi)从如(ru)水(shui)。水(shui),喻众也(ye)。笺云:水(shui)之性可停(ting)可行,亦言侄(zhi)娣之善(shan)恶在文姜也(ye)。
《敝笱》三章(zhang),章(zhang)四句。
《载驱》,齐人刺襄公也。无礼义故,盛其车服,疾驱於通道大都,与文姜淫播其恶於万民焉。故犹端也。
○驱,欺具反,又如字(zi),下(xia)皆同(tong),本亦(yi)作“駈”。播(bo),波佐反。
[疏]“《载驱》四章,章四句”至“民焉”。
○正义曰:《载驱》诗者,齐人所作以刺襄公也。刺之者,襄公身无礼义之故,乃盛饰其所乘之车与所衣之服,疾行驱驰於通达之道,广大之都,与其妹文姜淫通,播扬其恶於万民焉,使万民尽知情,无惭耻,故刺之也。国人刺君,乃是常事,诸序未有举国之名言其民刺君。此独云“齐人刺襄公”者,以文姜鲁之夫人,襄公往入鲁境,以其齐、鲁交错,须言齐以辨嫌。无礼义,盛其车服者,首章次句与次章上二句是也。疾驱,首章上句是也。於通道大都,下二章上二句是也。经因駈车而言车饰,故先言载驱。序以美其车服然后驱之,且欲见其驱车所往之处,故令疾驱与通道大都为句而后言之。经有车马之饰而已,无盛服之事。既美其车,明亦美其服,故协句言之。四章下二句皆言文姜来会齐侯,是与文姜淫之事,大都通道人皆见之,是播其恶於万民也。
○笺“故犹端”。
○正义曰:诸言“故”者,多是(shi)因上文以生下事。此“故”乃与(yu)上为(wei)句,非生下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞,是(shi)以笺特释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“无(wu)(wu)礼(li)义故”,犹言无(wu)(wu)礼(li)义端(duan),端(duan)谓头(tou)绪(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)。《论语》“叩其两端(duan)”,谓动(dong)发本末两头(tou)也(ye)。《标有梅》笺云“女(nv)年二十(shi)而无(wu)(wu)嫁(jia)端(duan)”,为(wei)无(wu)(wu)嫁(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)头(tou)绪(xu)(xu)(xu)。此亦谓无(wu)(wu)礼(li)义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)头(tou)绪(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye),故盛服而与(yu)妹淫通(tong)也(ye)。
载驱薄薄,簟茀朱鞟。薄薄,疾驱声也。簟,方文蓆也。车之蔽曰茀。诸侯之路车,有朱革之质而羽饰。笺云:此车襄公乃乘焉,而来与文姜会。
○薄,普各反,徐扶各反。茀音弗。鞹,苦郭反,革也。鲁道有荡,齐子发夕。发夕,自夕发至旦。笺云:襄公既无礼义,乃疾驱其乘车以入鲁竟。鲁之道路平易,文姜发夕由之往会焉,曾无惭耻之色。
○发(fa)(fa),《韩诗》云:“发(fa)(fa),旦也。”其乘(cheng),绳证反,或音绳。竟音境(jing)(jing),本亦作“境(jing)(jing)”。易,夷豉反,下“乐易”同(tong)。
[疏]“载驱”至“发夕”。
○正义曰:言襄公将与妹淫,则驱驰其马,使之疾行,其车之声薄薄然,用方文竹簟以为车蔽,又有朱色之革为车之饰。公乘此车马往就文姜,鲁之道路有荡然平易,齐子文姜乃由此道发夕至旦来与公会。公与妹淫,曾无愧色,故刺之。
○传“薄薄”至“羽饰”。
○正义曰:薄薄,车声状。序言疾駈,故云疾驱。駈与驱音义同,皆谓駈马疾行也。《斯干》说铺席燕乐之事云:“下莞上簟。”簟字从竹,用竹为席,其文必方,故云方文席也。车之蔽曰茀,谓车之后户也。《说文》云:“鞹,革也。”兽皮治去毛曰革,鞹是革之别名。此说齐君之车,而云朱鞹,故云诸侯之路车有朱革之质而羽饰。谓以皮革为本质,其上又以翟羽为之饰也。《释器》云:“舆革,前谓之鞎,后谓之茀。”李巡曰:“舆革前,谓舆前以革为车饰曰鞎。茀,车后户名也。”郭璞曰:“鞎,以韦靶车轼也。茀,以韦靶后户也。”又云:“竹前谓之御,后谓之蔽。”李巡曰:“竹前,谓编竹当车前以拥蔽,名之曰御。御,止也。”孙炎曰:“御,以簟为车饰也。”郭璞曰:“蔽,以簟衣后户也。”如《尔雅》之文,车前后之饰,皆有革有簟,故此说车饰云“簟茀朱鞹”也。彼文革饰后户谓之茀,竹饰后户谓之蔽,则茀、蔽异矣。此言车之蔽曰茀,茀、蔽为一者,彼因革与竹别而异其文耳,其实革竹同饰后户,俱为车之蔽塞,故此传茀、蔽通言之。《春官》巾车掌王后之车辂,有重翟、厌翟。《硕人》说卫侯夫人云“翟茀以朝”。是妇人之车有翟羽饰矣。经、传不言诸侯路车有翟饰者,今传言羽饰,必当有所案据,不知出何书也。
○传“发夕”至“至旦”。
○正义曰:此言发夕,谓夕时发行,故为发夕至旦。《小宛》云“明发不寐”,谓此至明之开发,未尝寝寐,故为发夕至明。所以立文不同,皆为夕发至旦。
○笺“襄公”至“之色”。
○正义(yi)曰:知(zhi)入鲁(lu)境者,以下言(yan)(yan)“汶水汤(tang)汤(tang)”,则(ze)会(hui)在汶侧。齐在鲁(lu)北,水北曰阳。僖元年《左传》称公(gong)赐季友汶阳之(zhi)田,当齐襄(xiang)公(gong)之(zhi)时,汶水之(zhi)北尚是鲁(lu)地,故(gu)知(zhi)襄(xiang)公(gong)乘(cheng)车入鲁(lu)境也(ye)。於“鲁(lu)道”之(zhi)下,即言(yan)(yan)“发夕(xi)(xi)”,是则(ze)夜(ye)行在道,言(yan)(yan)其疾趋齐侯之(zhi)意,故(gu)言(yan)(yan)文姜发夕(xi)(xi)而往会(hui)焉(yan)。兄则(ze)盛饰而往,妹则(ze)疾行会(hui)之(zhi),是其无惭(can)耻之(zhi)色。
四骊济济,垂辔沵沵。四骊,言物色盛也。济济,美貌。垂辔,辔之垂者。沵沵,众也。笺云:此又刺襄公乘是四骊而来,徒为淫乱之行。
○骊,力驰反。济,子礼反,注同。尔尔,本亦作“沵”,同,乃礼反。徒,一本作“从”,两通。行,下孟反。鲁道有荡,齐子岂弟。言文姜於是乐易。然笺云:此岂弟犹言发夕也。岂读当为闿。弟,《古文尚书》以弟为圉。圉,明也。
○岂,开改反,乐也。弟如字(zi),或音待易反。乐音洛。闿音开。圉音亦。
[疏]“四骊”至“岂弟”。
○毛以为,襄公将与妹淫,乘其一驷之马,皆是铁骊之色,其马济济然而美,又四马垂其六辔沵沵然而众。为此盛饰,往就文姜。鲁之道路有荡然平易,齐子文姜於是乐易然来与兄会,曾无惭色,故刺之。
○郑唯恺悌为异。言文姜开明而往会之。馀同。
○传“四骊,言物色盛也”。
○正义曰:《夏官·校人》云:“凡军事,物马而颁之。”注云:“物马齐其力。”言四言骊,道其物色俱盛也。
○笺“此岂”至“明也”。
○正义(yi)曰:笺以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),齐(qi)子(zi)恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),文(wen)(wen)在鲁道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,则恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。若是(shi)其心(xin)乐易,非独在道(dao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然。且(qie)上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)犹(you)发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi)”,言(yan)与其馀(yu)恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)不同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),与发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi)不类,故(gu)读(du)恺(kai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)闿易,称闿物成务(wu)。《说文(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“闿,开也(ye)(ye)。”《古(gu)文(wen)(wen)尚书(shu)》即(ji)今(jin)(jin)郑(zheng)注《尚书(shu)》是(shi)也(ye)(ye),无以(yi)(yi)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)。唯《洪范》稽疑论卜兆有(you)“五曰圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者,色(se)泽光明。”盖古(gu)文(wen)(wen)作“悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”,今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)作“圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。贾逵以(yi)(yi)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)校之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),定以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,故(gu)郑(zheng)依贾氏所奏,从(cong)定为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”,於古(gu)文(wen)(wen)则为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《古(gu)文(wen)(wen)尚书(shu)》以(yi)(yi)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),明也(ye)(ye)”。上言(yan)发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi),谓(wei)初夜即(ji)行(xing)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)闿明,谓(wei)侵明而(er)行(xing),与上古(gu)文(wen)(wen)相通也(ye)(ye)。《释言(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),发(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)。”舍人、李(li)巡、孙炎、郭璞皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“闿,明。发(fa)(fa),行(xing)”。郭璞又引(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)子(zi)恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)”,是(shi)闿亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)(jin)定本(ben)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)恺(kai)悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),发(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye),犹(you)言(yan)发(fa)(fa)夕(xi)(xi)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),《古(gu)文(wen)(wen)尚书(shu)》以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。”更无悌(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)字(zi),义(yi)并得通。
汶水汤汤,行人彭彭。汤汤,大貌。彭彭,多貌。笺云:汶水之上盖有都焉,襄公与文姜时所会。
○汶音问,水名。汤(tang),失章反(fan)。彭(peng),必旁反(fan)。
[疏]笺“汶水”至“所会”。
○正义曰:序言(yan)“疾驱於通道(dao)大都”,“行人(ren)彭彭”,是(shi)为通道(dao);“汶水汤汤”,傍有大都,可知。若其不(bu)然(ran)(ran),不(bu)应辄言(yan)汶水,故(gu)云“汶水之上盖有都焉,襄公与(yu)文姜时(shi)所会(hui)处也(ye)。”此襄公入於鲁境(jing),往会(hui)文姜,若是(shi)鲁桓(huan)尚存,不(bu)应公然(ran)(ran)如(ru)此。此篇所陈,盖是(shi)庄公时(shi)事,亦不(bu)知大都为何邑,故(gu)笺不(bu)言(yan)之。
鲁道有荡,齐子翱翔。翱翔,犹彷徉也。
○彷(pang)音(yin)旁。徉音(yin)羊(yang)。
汶水滔滔,行人儦々。滔滔,流貌。儦々,众貌。
○滔(tao),吐刀(dao)反。儦,表(biao)骄反,《说文》云:“行貌(mao)。”鲁道(dao)有荡,齐子游敖。
《载驱》四章,章四句。
《猗嗟》,刺鲁庄公也。齐人伤鲁庄公有威仪技艺,然而不能以礼防闲其母,失子之道,人以为齐侯之子焉。
○猗,於宜反,字或作“欹”。技,其(qi)绮反。
[疏]“《猗嗟》三章,章六句”至“子焉”。
○正义曰(yue):见其(qi)母(mu)与齐(qi)(qi)(qi)淫(yin)(yin),谓为齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯种胤,是(shi)其(qi)可耻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚,故齐(qi)(qi)(qi)人作此诗以(yi)(yi)刺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。礼,妇人夫死从子,子当防(fang)母(mu)奸淫(yin)(yin)。庄公不(bu)能防(fang)禁,是(shi)失为人子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。经言猗(yi)嗟,是(shi)叹伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言也。言其(qi)形貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长,面目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,善於趋步,是(shi)有(you)威(wei)仪也。言其(qi)善舞善射,是(shi)有(you)技艺(yi)也。言“展我甥兮”,拒时人以(yi)(yi)为齐(qi)(qi)(qi)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)人所作,故系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於齐(qi)(qi)(qi)。襄(xiang)公淫(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故为襄(xiang)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗也。
猗嗟昌兮!颀而长兮。猗嗟,叹辞。昌,盛也。颀,长貌。笺云:昌,佼好貌。
○颀音祈。佼,古卯反,本又作“姣”。抑若扬兮,抑,美色。扬,广扬。
○抑,於力反。美目扬兮。好目扬眉。巧趋跄兮,射则臧兮!跄,巧趋貌。笺云:臧,善也。
○趋(qu),本又作“趍”,七(qi)须反(fan),又七(qi)遇反(fan)。跄(qiang),七(qi)羊反(fan)。
[疏]“猗嗟”至“臧兮”。
○正义曰:齐人伤鲁庄公。猗嗟此庄公之貌甚昌盛兮,其形状颀然而长好兮。抑然而美者其额上扬广兮,又有美目扬眉兮。巧为趋步,其举动跄然兮,射则大善兮。威仪技艺,其美如此,而不能防闲其母,使之淫乱,是其可嗟伤也。
○传“猗嗟”至“长貌”。
○正义曰:猗是心内不平,嗟是口之喑哑,皆伤叹之声,故为叹辞。若犹然也。此言颀若长兮,《史记·孔子世家》称孔子说文王之状云:“黯然而黑,颀然而长。”是之为长貌也。今定本云“颀而长兮”,“而”与“若”义并通也。
○笺“昌,佼好貌”。
○正义曰:传昌为盛,不言为其貌,故申足之云:“佼好貌。”
○传“抑,美色。扬,广扬”。
○正义曰:扬是颡之别名,抑为扬之貌,故知抑为美色。颡贵阔,故言“扬,广扬”。
○传“好目扬眉”。
○正义曰:“美目扬兮”,目扬俱美,传欲辨扬是眉,故省其文言“好目扬眉”。既言目扬皆好,又传解扬为眉,盖以眉毛扬起,故名眉为扬。
○传“跄,巧趋貌”。
○正义曰(yue):《曲礼》云“士(shi)跄跄”,今与趍连(lian)文,故(gu)知(zhi)“跄,巧趋(qu)貌”。《曲礼》注又云:“行而张足(zu)曰(yue)趋(qu)。”趋(qu),今之捷步,则“趋(qu),疾(ji)行也(ye)”。礼有徐趋(qu)、疾(ji)趋(qu),为之有巧有拙,故(gu)美其“巧趋(qu)跄兮”。
猗嗟名兮!美目清兮!目上为名。目下为清。仪既成兮。终日射侯,不出正兮。展我甥兮!二尺曰正。外孙曰甥。笺云:成犹备也。正,所以射於侯中者,天子五正,诸侯三正,大夫二正,士一正。外皆居其侯中参分之一焉。展,诚也。姊妹之子曰甥。容貌技艺如此,诚我齐之甥。言诚者,拒时人言齐侯之子。
○射(she),食亦反,注“所射(she)”、“每射(she)”同。正(zheng)音征,注同。画五(wu)采(cai)曰正(zheng)。参,七南反,又音三。
[疏]“猗嗟”至“甥兮”。
○正义曰:齐人伤鲁庄公。猗嗟此庄公目上之名甚平博兮,又有美目及目下之清亦美兮,威仪容貌既备足兮,又善於为射,终日射侯,其矢不出正之内兮,此又诚是我齐之外甥兮。威仪技艺如此,又实是齐之外甥,不能使母不淫,令人以为齐侯之子,是其可嗟伤也。
○传“目上”至“为清”。
○正义曰:《释训》云:“猗嗟名兮,目上为名。”孙炎云:“目上平博。”郭璞曰:“眉眼之閒。”《尔雅》既释如此,清又与目共文,名既目上,则清为目下。
○传“二尺”至“曰甥”。
○正义曰:正者,侯中所射之处。经典虽多言正鹄,其正之广狭则无文。郑於《周礼》考之,以为大射则张皮侯而设鹄,宾射则张布侯而画正。正大如鹄,三分侯广而正居一焉。侯身长一丈八尺者,正方六尺。侯身一丈四尺者,正方四尺六寸大半寸。侯身一丈者,正方三尺三寸少半寸。正以彩画为之。其外之广虽则不同,其内皆方二尺。尾於正鹄之事,唯此言“二尺曰正”耳。既无明说可以同之郑焉。郑言正之内方二尺者,亦更无明文,盖应顾此传耳。姊妹之子名之曰甥。传言“外孙曰甥”者,王肃云:“据外祖以言也。”谓不指襄公之身,总据齐国为信。外孙得称甥者,案《左传》云:“以肥之得备弥甥。”孙毓云:“姊妹之子曰甥。谓吾舅者,吾谓之甥。此《尔雅》之明义,未学者之所及,岂毛公之博物,王氏之通识,而当乱於此哉!抑者以襄公虽舅,而鸟兽其行,犯亲乱类,使时人皆以为齐侯之子,故绝其相名之伦,更本於外祖以言也。”凡异族之亲皆称甥。然此是毛传之言,不应代诗人为绝其相名之伦。孙毓之言非也。
○笺“正所”至“之子”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue):《夏官·射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)法(fa)治射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)义。王以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六耦(ou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《驺虞(yu)》,九(jiu)(jiu)节五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)耦(ou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《貍首(shou)》,七(qi)(qi)节三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。孤(gu)卿大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)耦(ou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《采(cai)(cai)蘋》,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)节二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)耦(ou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)犴侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《采(cai)(cai)蘩》,五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)节二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”。是(shi)天(tian)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下所(suo)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)文(wen)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士同射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。今定(ding)本云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),士一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”,误耳。“外(wai)(wai)皆居(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)畔准(zhun)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)广(guang)(guang)狭(xia),各(ge)居(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)内皆方(fang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi),故(gu)彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)节、七(qi)(qi)节、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)节者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),奏乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)节之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha)。三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而已。画(hua)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)朱、次白、次苍、次黄,玄居(ju)外(wai)(wai)。三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),损玄、黄;二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),去白、苍,而画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朱、绿,其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)(guang)皆居(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)二(er)尺(chi)(chi),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)方(fang)二(er)尺(chi)(chi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai),准(zhun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多少,正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)(guang)狭(xia),均布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)於外(wai)(wai)畔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)居(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)(guang)狭(xia)则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)等不同。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi),三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi),二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)。知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹄(hu)(hu),宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),虽其(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、鹄(hu)(hu)不同,侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)远近一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《仪(yi)礼(li)》大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)。经曰(yue):“司(si)马命量人(ren)(ren)量侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貍步,大(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi),糁(san)七(qi)(qi)十(shi),犴五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)。”《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)记》记射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun):“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。”则(ze)(ze)《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)、七(qi)(qi)十(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)皆谓弓(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),既有(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)、七(qi)(qi)十(shi)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi),则(ze)(ze)王射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)张(zhang)三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当然,故(gu)《射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“量侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)度。九(jiu)(jiu)节者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。七(qi)(qi)节者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),七(qi)(qi)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)节者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)。弓(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下制长六尺(chi)(chi)。”是(shi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)道(dao)远近有(you)(you)三(san)(san)等不同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)记》又(you)云(yun)(yun):“弓(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)谓侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)身(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)既弓(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)二(er)寸,则(ze)(ze)馀侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当然。《天(tian)官·司(si)裘》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)说(shuo)(shuo)大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),引《乡(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)记》曰(yue):“弓(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)寸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”则(ze)(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)广(guang)(guang)丈(zhang)八(ba)尺(chi)(chi);七(qi)(qi)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)广(guang)(guang)丈(zhang)四(si)(si)尺(chi)(chi);五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)广(guang)(guang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)。大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)既然,则(ze)(ze)宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尔。《考工记》云(yun)(yun):“梓人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),广(guang)(guang)与崇(chong)方(fang),三(san)(san)分(fen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)广(guang)(guang),而鹄(hu)(hu)居(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)焉。”《司(si)裘》掌大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)云(yun)(yun):“设其(qi)(qi)(qi)鹄(hu)(hu)。”《射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》治宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun):“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、三(san)(san)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)、二(er)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”有(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)鹄(hu)(hu),有(you)(you)鹄(hu)(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),则(ze)(ze)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)与鹄(hu)(hu)大(da)(da)(da)小同矣。故(gu)《射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“鹄(hu)(hu)乃用皮,其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)如正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”鹄(hu)(hu)居(ju)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),则(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),各(ge)准(zhun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)(guang)狭(xia)而画(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)人(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)内志正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)则(ze)(ze)能中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”《大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鸟(niao)名(ming)。齐、鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间名(ming)题肩为(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)鸟(niao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)捷(jie)黠(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)俊,故(gu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)取(qu)名(ming)焉。”大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)鹄(hu)(hu),宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此言(yan)“不出正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)兮”,据宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“展,诚”,《释诂》文(wen)。“姊妹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子为(wei)(wei)(wei)甥(sheng)”,《释亲(qin)》文(wen)。上(shang)说(shuo)(shuo)容貌技艺,下言(yan)“展我(wo)甥(sheng)兮”,纵令无(wu)技艺,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)甥(sheng),但(dan)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既美其(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)业技艺,又(you)言(yan)实是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)甥(sheng),伤不防闲其(qi)(qi)(qi)母,而令人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子,故(gu)言(yan)诚我(wo)齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)甥(sheng)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甥(sheng)信不虚矣。而云(yun)(yun)诚实是(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),拒时人(ren)(ren)言(yan)是(shi)齐侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子耳。
猗嗟娈兮!娈,壮好貌。清扬婉兮。婉,好眉目也。舞则选兮,射则贯兮。选,齐。贯,中也。笺云:选者,谓於伦等最上。贯,习也。
○选,雪恋反(fan)。贯,毛古乱反(fan),郑古患反(fan)。中,张仲(zhong)反(fan)。
四矢反兮,以御乱兮!四矢,乘矢。笺云:反,复也。礼射三而止。每射四矢,皆得其故处,此之谓复射。必四矢者,象其能御四方之乱也。
○反(fan)如字,《韩诗》作“变”。变,易。御(yu),鱼吕反(fan)。乘,绳证反(fan)。处(chu),昌虑反(fan)。
[疏]“猗嗟”至“乱兮”。
○毛以为,齐人伤鲁庄,公猗嗟此庄公容貌娈然而好兮,其清扬眉目之閒婉然而美兮,其舞则齐於乐节兮,其射则中於正鹄兮。非徒能中而已,每番重射四矢,皆反复其故处兮。善射如此,足以捍御四方之乱兮。威仪技艺如此,而不能防闲其母,故刺之。
○郑唯“舞则选兮”二句为异。言舞则伦等之中上选兮,其射即贯习为之兮。馀同。
○传“选,齐。贯,中”。
○正义曰:传选之为齐,其训未闻,当谓其善舞齐於乐节也。贯谓穿侯,故为中也。
○笺“选者”至“贯习”。
○正义曰:笺以美其善舞,当谓舞能胜人,故易传以为伦等之中上选也。“贯,习”,《释诂》文。
○传“四矢,乘矢”。
○正义曰:乘车必驾四马,因即谓四马为乘。《大射》、《乡射》皆以四矢为乘矢,故传依用之。
○笺“礼射”至“之乱”。
○正义曰:大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)皆三(san)(san)(san)(san)番,射(she)(she)(she)讫(qi),止(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)射(she)(she)(she),是“礼射(she)(she)(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi)”也(ye)(ye)。必(bi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi)者(zhe),案《仪礼·大(da)(da)(da)射(she)(she)(she)》初(chu)(chu)使三(san)(san)(san)(san)耦(ou)射(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)未(wei)释获,射(she)(she)(she)讫(qi),取(qu)矢(shi)以(yi)(yi)复(fu)(fu)。君(jun)与卿大(da)(da)(da)夫等射(she)(she)(she),释获,饮不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)者(zhe)。讫(qi),君(jun)与卿大(da)(da)(da)夫等又(you)(you)射(she)(she)(she),取(qu)中(zhong)於(wu)乐节。注(zhu)云:“君(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)事也(ye)(ye),始取(qu)苟(gou)能中(zhong),课有(you)功,终用成法(fa)(fa),教化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐(jian)也(ye)(ye)。”然则(ze)初(chu)(chu)射(she)(she)(she)惟三(san)(san)(san)(san)耦(ou),其后两番君(jun)始与卿大(da)(da)(da)夫等射(she)(she)(she)。此言“礼射(she)(she)(she)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi)”,通三(san)(san)(san)(san)耦(ou)等为言。射(she)(she)(she)法(fa)(fa)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)云“终日射(she)(she)(she)侯”者(zhe),美其久射(she)(she)(she)而(er)(er)(er)(er)常(chang)中(zhong),非礼射(she)(she)(she)终一(yi)日也(ye)(ye)。每射(she)(she)(she)四(si)矢(shi),皆复(fu)(fu)故(gu)处,言常(chang)中(zhong)正鹄也(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)解射(she)(she)(she)礼必(bi)用四(si)矢(shi)者(zhe),“象(xiang)其能御四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱(luan)(luan)”,故(gu)诗人以(yi)(yi)庄公四(si)矢(shi)皆中(zhong),即云“以(yi)(yi)御乱(luan)(luan)兮”,美庄公善(shan)射(she)(she)(she),言其堪御乱(luan)(luan)也(ye)(ye)。《内则(ze)》云:“男(nan)子(zi)生(sheng),以(yi)(yi)桑弧蓬矢(shi)六,射(she)(she)(she)天(tian)地四(si)方(fang)(fang)。”注(zhu)云:“天(tian)地四(si)方(fang)(fang),男(nan)子(zi)所有(you)事。”彼於(wu)初(chu)(chu)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,以(yi)(yi)上(shang)下四(si)方(fang)(fang)男(nan)子(zi)皆当(dang)有(you)事,故(gu)用六矢(shi)以(yi)(yi)示意。射(she)(she)(she)礼则(ze)象(xiang)能御乱(luan)(luan),上(shang)下无乱(luan)(luan),不(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)须象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。
《猗嗟》三章(zhang),章(zhang)六句。
齐国(guo)十(shi)一篇,二十(shi)四章,百四十(shi)三句。