周书卷四十(shi)一 列传第(di)三十(shi)三
王褒字子渊,琅邪临沂人(ren)也。曾祖俭,齐侍(shi)中(zhong)、太尉、南昌(chang)(chang)文宪公。祖骞,梁(liang)侍(shi)中(zhong)、金紫光(guang)禄大夫、南昌(chang)(chang)安侯(hou)。父规,梁(liang)侍(shi)中(zhong)、左民尚书、南昌(chang)(chang)章侯(hou)。并(bing)有(you)重名于江左。
褒(bao)(bao)识量渊通,志怀沉(chen)静。美风仪,善谈(tan)笑,博览史传(chuan),尤工属文(wen)。梁国子(zi)(zi)祭酒(jiu)萧子(zi)(zi)云(yun),褒(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)姑(gu)夫也,特善草隶。褒(bao)(bao)少以(yi)(yi)姻戚,去来其(qi)家,遂(sui)相模范。俄而名亚(ya)子(zi)(zi)云(yun),并见重于世(shi)。梁武帝喜其(qi)才艺,遂(sui)以(yi)(yi)弟鄱阳王恢(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)妻之(zhi)(zhi)。起家秘书郎,转太子(zi)(zi)舍(she)人,袭(xi)爵(jue)南(nan)昌县侯。稍迁(qian)秘书丞。宣成王大器,简文(wen)帝之(zhi)(zhi)冢嫡,即褒(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)姑(gu)子(zi)(zi)也。于时盛选(xuan)僚佐,乃以(yi)(yi)褒(bao)(bao)为文(wen)学(xue)。寻迁(qian)安成郡守。及侯景渡江,建业扰(rao)乱,褒(bao)(bao)辑宁所部,见称(cheng)于时。梁元帝承制,转智武将(jiang)(jiang)军、南(nan)平内(nei)史。及嗣位(wei)于江陵,欲(yu)待褒(bao)(bao)以(yi)(yi)不次之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。褒(bao)(bao)时犹在郡,敕王僧(seng)辩以(yi)(yi)礼发遣。褒(bao)(bao)乃将(jiang)(jiang)家西上。元帝与(yu)褒(bao)(bao)有(you)旧,相得甚欢。拜侍中,累迁(qian)吏部尚书、左仆射。褒(bao)(bao)既(ji)世(shi)冑名家,文(wen)学(xue)优赡,当(dang)时咸相推挹,故旬月之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),位(wei)升(sheng)端右。宠遇日隆(long),而褒(bao)(bao)愈自谦虚,不以(yi)(yi)位(wei)地矜(jin)人,时论(lun)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。
初,元(yuan)帝(di)(di)平侯景及擒武(wu)陵王(wang)纪(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)后,以(yi)建(jian)(jian)业(ye)雕(diao)残(can),方须修(xiu) 复(fu);江陵殷(yin)盛(sheng),便(bian)欲安之(zhi)(zhi)。又(you)(you)其(qi)故府臣(chen)(chen)寮,皆(jie)楚人(ren)也,并愿即都荆郢(ying)。尝(chang)(chang)召群臣(chen)(chen)议(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。领(ling)军(jun)将军(jun)胡僧佑、吏部尚(shang)书宗懔、太府卿黄(huang)罗汉、御史(shi)中(zhong)丞刘钰等(deng)曰(yue):“建(jian)(jian)业(ye)虽是(shi)旧都,王(wang)气(qi)已尽(jin)。且与北寇邻接(jie),止(zhi)隔一江。若(ruo)有不(bu)虞,悔无(wu)及矣。臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)又(you)(you)尝(chang)(chang)闻之(zhi)(zhi),荆南之(zhi)(zhi)地,有天子(zi)气(qi)。今陛下龙飞缵业(ye),其(qi)应斯乎。天时(shi)人(ren)事,征(zheng)祥如此。臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)所见,迁徙非宜。”元(yuan)帝(di)(di)深以(yi)为然。时(shi)褒及尚(shang)书周弘正咸(xian)侍座(zuo)。乃(nai)顾谓(wei)(wei)褒等(deng)曰(yue):“卿意以(yi)为何如?”褒性谨(jin)慎(shen),知元(yuan)帝(di)(di)多猜忌,弗敢公(gong)言其(qi)非。当时(shi)唯唯而已。后因清闲(xian)密谏,言辞甚切(qie)。元(yuan)帝(di)(di)颇纳之(zhi)(zhi)。然其(qi)意好(hao)荆、楚,已从僧佑等(deng)策(ce)。明日(ri),乃(nai)于(yu)(yu)众中(zhong)谓(wei)(wei)褒曰(yue):“卿昨日(ri)劝(quan)还(hai)建(jian)(jian)业(ye),不(bu)为无(wu)理。”褒以(yi)宣(xuan)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)言,岂(qi)宜显之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)众。知其(qi)计之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)用(yong)也,于(yu)(yu)是(shi)止(zhi)不(bu)复(fu)言。
及大军征江(jiang)陵,元帝(di)(di)授褒(bao)(bao)都督城西(xi)诸(zhu)军事。褒(bao)(bao)本以(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)雅见(jian)知,一旦(dan)委以(yi)(yi)(yi)总(zong)戎,深(shen)自勉(mian)励,尽(jin)忠勤之(zhi)节。被围之(zhi)后(hou),上下(xia)猜惧(ju),元帝(di)(di)唯于褒(bao)(bao)深(shen)相委信。朱买(mai)臣率(lv)众出(chu)宣阳之(zhi)西(xi)门,与王(wang)(wang)(wang)师(shi)战,买(mai)臣大败。褒(bao)(bao)督进不(bu)能(neng)禁(jin),乃贬为护军将军。王(wang)(wang)(wang)师(shi)攻(gong)其(qi)外(wai)栅,城陷(xian),褒(bao)(bao)从(cong)元帝(di)(di)入子城,犹欲固守。俄而元帝(di)(di)出(chu)降,褒(bao)(bao)遂(sui)与众俱(ju)(ju)出(chu)。见(jian)柱国于谨,谨甚礼之(zhi)。褒(bao)(bao)曾作燕歌行,妙尽(jin)关(guan)塞寒苦之(zhi)状,元帝(di)(di)及诸(zhu)文(wen)士并和之(zhi),而竞为凄切之(zhi)词。至(zhi)(zhi)此方验焉。 褒(bao)(bao)与王(wang)(wang)(wang)克、刘(liu)钰、宗懔、殷不(bu)害(hai)等(deng)数十(shi)人,俱(ju)(ju)至(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)安(an)。太祖喜(xi)曰(yue):“昔平吴之(zhi)利,二陆而已。今(jin)定楚之(zhi)功,群(qun)贤毕至(zhi)(zhi)。可谓过之(zhi)矣。”又谓褒(bao)(bao)及王(wang)(wang)(wang)克曰(yue):“吾即王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏甥也,卿(qing)等(deng)并吾之(zhi)舅氏。当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲戚(qi)为情,勿以(yi)(yi)(yi)去乡介意。”于是授褒(bao)(bao)及克、殷不(bu)害(hai)等(deng)车骑(qi)大将军、仪同(tong)三司(si)。常(chang)从(cong)容上席,资饩甚厚(hou)。褒(bao)(bao)等(deng)亦并荷恩眄,忘其(qi)羁旅焉。
孝闵帝(di)践阼,封石泉县(xian)子,邑(yi)三(san)百户。世(shi)宗即位(wei),笃好(hao)文 学。时褒(bao)与庾信才名最(zui)高(gao)(gao),特加(jia)亲待(dai)。帝(di)每游(you)宴,命(ming)褒(bao)等赋(fu)诗谈论,常在(zai)(zai)左右。寻加(jia)开(kai)府仪同三(san)司。保(bao)定中(zhong),除(chu)内史中(zhong)大(da)夫(fu)。高(gao)(gao)祖作象(xiang)经,令褒(bao)注之(zhi)。引(yin)据(ju)该(gai)洽(qia),甚见称赏。褒(bao)有(you)器局(ju),雅识治体。既累世(shi)在(zai)(zai)江(jiang)东(dong)为(wei)宰(zai)辅,高(gao)(gao)祖亦(yi)以此重之(zhi)。建(jian)德以后(hou),颇参朝议。凡大(da)诏册(ce),皆令褒(bao)具草。东(dong)宫既建(jian),授太(tai)子少保(bao),迁(qian)小司空,仍(reng)掌纶诰。乘(cheng)舆(yu)行幸,褒(bao)常侍(shi)从。
初,褒(bao)与梁(liang)处(chu)士汝南周弘(hong)让(rang)相善。及弘(hong)让(rang)兄弘(hong)正(zheng)自陈来(lai)聘,高祖许(xu)褒(bao)等通(tong)亲知(zhi)音(yin)问。褒(bao)赠弘(hong)让(rang)诗,并(bing)致书曰:
嗣宗穷途,杨朱歧路(lu)。征蓬长逝,流水不(bu)归。舒惨殊(shu)方(fang),炎凉异节,木皮春厚,桂树冬荣。想(xiang)摄(she)卫惟(wei)宜,动静多豫。贤兄入关,敬承款曲。犹(you)依杜(du)陵之水,尚保池阳(yang)之田,铲迹幽蹊,销声(sheng)穹谷。何(he)期愉乐,幸(xing)甚!幸(xing)甚!
弟昔因(yin)多疾,亟览九仙(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方;晚涉(she)世途,常怀五岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举。同夫关(guan)令,物色异人;譬彼客(ke)卿,服膺高士(shi)。上经说(shuo)道(dao),屡听玄牝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谈;中药(yao)养神,每禀(bing)丹沙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)。顷年事遒尽,容(rong)发衰(shuai)谢,芸其黄矣(yi),零(ling)落无(wu)时(shi)。还念生涯,繁忧总(zong)集。视阴愒日(ri),犹(you)赵孟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徂年;负(fu)杖行吟(yin),同刘(liu)琨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)积(ji)惨。河阳北临(lin),空思(si)巩县;霸陵南望,还见长(zhang)安。所冀书生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魂(hun),来依旧(jiu)壤(rang);射声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼,无(wu)恨他乡(xiang)。白云在天,长(zhang)离别矣(yi),会见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期,邈无(wu)日(ri)矣(yi)。援笔揽纸(zhi),龙钟横集。
弘让(rang)复书(shu)曰:甚矣悲哉!此之(zhi)为别(bie)也(ye)。云飞泥沉,金(jin)铄兰灭,玉音不(bu)嗣,瑶华莫因。家兄至自镐京,致书(shu)于穹谷。故人之(zhi)迹(ji),有如对面,开题申(shen)纸,流脸(lian)沾膝。江南燠热,橘柚(you)冬青;渭北(bei)冱寒,杨榆晚叶。土风气候,各集所安,餐卫(wei)适时,寝兴多福。甚善!甚善!
与弟(di)分袂(mei)西陕(shan),言反(fan)东区,虽保(bao)周陵,还依蒋径,三姜(jiang)离楩(pian),二仲不归(gui)。糜鹿为(wei)(wei)曹,更(geng)多悲绪。丹经在(zai)握,贫(pin)病莫谐(xie); 芝(zhi)术可求,恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)采掇。昔吾壮日,及(ji)弟(di)富(fu)年(nian),俱值邕熙,并欢衡泌。南风雅操,清(qing)商(shang)妙曲,弦琴促(cu)坐(zuo),无乏名晨(chen)。玉沥金(jin)华,冀(ji)获难老(lao)。不虞一(yi)旦,翻覆波澜(lan)。吾已愒阴,弟(di)非茂(mao)齿。禽、尚之(zhi)契,各(ge)在(zai)天涯,永念生平,难为(wei)(wei)胸臆。且(qie)当视(shi)阴数箭(jian),排愁破涕(ti)。人生乐耳,忧戚何为(wei)(wei)。岂能遽悲次房(fang),游魂不反(fan)。远(yuan)〔伤金(jin)〕(产(chan))〔彦(yan)〕,骸柩无托。但(dan)愿爱玉体 ,珍金(jin)箱,保(bao)期颐,享黄发。犹冀(ji)苍(膺)〔雁(yan)〕頳鲤(li),时传尺素,清(qing)风朗月,俱寄相思。子(zi)(zi)渊(yuan),子(zi)(zi)渊(yuan),长(zhang)为(wei)(wei)别(bie)矣!握管操觚,声泪俱咽。寻出为(wei)(wei)(宣)〔宜(yi)〕州刺史。卒于(yu)位,时年(nian)六(liu)十四。子(zi)(zi)鼒嗣。
庾信字子(zi)(zi)山,南(nan)阳新野人也(ye)。祖易,齐征士(shi)。父肩(jian)(jian)吾(wu),梁散骑常侍、中书(shu)令。信幼而(er)俊迈,聪敏绝伦。博览群(qun)书(shu),尤善春秋左氏传。身长八(ba)尺,腰带(dai)十围,容止颓然,有(you)(you)过人者(zhe)。起家湘东国常侍,转安南(nan)府参军。时(shi)肩(jian)(jian)吾(wu)为梁太(tai)子(zi)(zi)中庶子(zi)(zi),掌管记。东海徐(xu)摛(chi)为左卫率(lv)。摛(chi)子(zi)(zi)陵(ling)及(ji)信,并为抄撰学士(shi)。父子(zi)(zi)在东宫,出(chu)入禁闼,恩礼莫(mo)(mo)与(yu)比隆。既有(you)(you)盛(sheng)才,文(wen)(wen)并绮艳,故(gu)世号为徐(xu)、庾体(ti)焉。当时(shi)后(hou)进(jin),竞相模范。每有(you)(you)一文(wen)(wen),京都莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)传诵。累迁尚书(shu)度支郎中、通直正员郎。出(chu)为郢(ying)州别驾。寻兼(jian) 通直散骑常侍,聘于(yu)东魏。文(wen)(wen)章辞令,盛(sheng)为邺下(xia)所称。还为东宫学士(shi),领建康令。
侯景作乱,梁(liang)简文帝命信率宫中文武千余人,营于(yu)朱雀航。及(ji)景至,信以(yi)众先退(tui)。台城陷后,信奔于(yu)江陵。梁(liang)元帝承制(zhi),除御史中丞。及(ji)即位,转右卫将(jiang)军,封武康(kang)县侯,加散骑常侍(shi),来聘于(yu)我。属(shu)大(da)(da)军南(nan)讨,遂留长(zhang)安。江陵平,拜使持(chi)节、抚军将(jiang)军、右金(jin)紫光禄大(da)(da)夫、大(da)(da)都督,寻进(jin)车骑大(da)(da)将(jiang)军、仪同(tong)三司(si)。
孝闵帝践阼,封临清县(xian)子,邑五百户(hu),除司水下大夫(fu)。出为弘农郡守,迁骠骑大将(jiang)军、开府仪(yi)同三司、司宪中大夫(fu),进 爵(jue)义城县(xian)侯。俄拜(bai)洛州刺史。信(xin)多识旧(jiu)章(zhang),为政简(jian)静,吏民(min)安之。时陈(chen)氏(shi)与朝廷通好(hao),南(nan)北流寓之士(shi),各许(xu)还其旧(jiu)国。陈(chen)氏(shi)乃请王褒及信(xin)等(deng)十数人。高祖唯放王克、殷不害等(deng),信(xin)及褒并(bing)留而不遣。寻征(zheng)为司宗中大夫(fu)。
世宗(zong)、高祖并雅好文学,信特蒙(meng)恩礼。至于赵、滕诸王(wang),周旋款至,有若(ruo)布(bu)衣之交。群公碑志,多相请托。唯王(wang)褒颇与信相埒,自余文人,莫有逮者。
信(xin)虽位望通显,常有(you)乡关之(zhi)思。乃(nai)作哀江南赋以致(zhi)其意云。其辞(ci)曰(yue):
粤以(yi)(yi)戊(wu)辰之(zhi)年(nian),建亥之(zhi)月,大(da)盗移(yi)国,金陵瓦解。余乃窜(cuan)身荒谷,公私涂炭。华阳奔命,有(you)去无(wu)归,中(zhong)兴道(dao)消(xiao),穷于(yu)甲(jia) 戌。三(san)日哭于(yu)都亭,三(san)年(nian)囚于(yu)别(bie)馆(guan)。天道(dao)周星,物极不反。傅燮之(zhi)但悲(bei)身世,无(wu)所求生;袁安之(zhi)每念王室,自然流涕。昔(xi)桓君山之(zhi)志事,杜(du)元凯(kai)之(zhi)生平,并有(you)著书(shu),咸能(neng)自序。潘(pan)岳(yue)之(zhi)文彩(cai),始(shi)述家风(feng);陆机之(zhi)词赋(fu),多陈世德。信年(nian)始(shi)二毛(mao),即逢(feng)丧乱,藐是流离,至于(yu)暮(mu)齿。燕歌远别(bie),悲(bei)不自胜(sheng);楚老相逢(feng),泣将何及。畏南山之(zhi)雨,忽践秦庭;让东海之(zhi)滨,遂餐周粟(su)。下亭漂泊,皋(gao)桥羁旅,楚歌非取乐之(zhi)方,鲁酒无(wu)忘(wang)忧(you)之(zhi)用。追(惟)〔为〕此赋(fu),聊以(yi)(yi)记言,不无(wu)危(wei)苦(ku)之(zhi)辞,唯以(yi)(yi)悲(bei)哀为主。
日暮途远,人(ren)(ren)间何世。将军一(yi)去,大树飘零;壮士不(bu)还, 寒风(feng)萧(xiao)瑟。荆璧睨柱,受连城而见欺;载书(shu)横(heng)阶,捧珠盘而不(bu)定(ding)。钟仪君子,入就南冠之(zhi)囚(qiu);季孙行人(ren)(ren),留守西(xi)河(he)之(zhi)馆。申包胥之(zhi)顿地,碎(sui)之(zhi)以首;蔡威(wei)公之(zhi)泪尽(jin),加之(zhi)以血。钓(diao)台移柳,非玉(yu)关之(zhi)可望(wang);华亭唳(li)鹤,岂(qi)河(he)桥(qiao)之(zhi)可闻。
孙策以(yi)天(tian)下为三(san)分(fen),众裁一(yi)旅;项(xiang)羽用江东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子弟,人唯八千。遂(sui)乃分(fen)裂(lie)山河,宰(zai)割(ge)天(tian)下。岂有百万义师,一(yi)朝卷甲(jia),芟夷(yi)斩伐,如草木焉。江、淮无(wu)涯(ya)岸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阻,亭壁无(wu)藩篱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu)。 头(tou)会箕(ji)敛者,合从缔交;鉏耰棘矜(jin)者,因利乘(cheng)便。将非江表王气,应(ying)终三(san)百年(nian)乎?是知(zhi)并吞六(liu)合,不免轵(zhi)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾;混一(yi)车书(shu),无(wu)救平阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸。呜呼!山岳崩颓,既履(lv)危亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)运;春(chun)秋迭代,必有去故之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悲。天(tian)意人事(shi),可以(yi)凄怆伤心者矣(yi)。况复舟(zhou)烜路(lu)穷,星汉(han)非乘(cheng)槎(cha)可上;风飙道阻,蓬莱无(wu)可到之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期。穷者欲(yu)达其(qi)言,劳者须歌(ge)其(qi)事(shi)。陆(lu)士衡闻而(er)抚(fu)掌,是所甘(gan)心;张平子见而(er)陋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),固(gu)其(qi)宜矣(yi)。
我之(zhi)掌庾承周,以(yi)世功(gong)而(er)(er)为族;经邦(bang)佐汉,用论道而(er)(er)当官。禀嵩、华之(zhi)玉石,润河(he)、洛之(zhi)波澜。居负洛而(er)(er)重世,邑临河(he)而(er)(er)晏安(an)。逮(dai)永嘉之(zhi)艰虞(yu),始中原之(zhi)乏主(zhu)。民枕倚于(yu)(yu)墙(qiang)壁,路交横于(yu)(yu)豺虎。值五(wu)马之(zhi)南(nan)奔,逢(feng)三(san)星之(zhi)东聚。彼凌(ling)江(jiang)而(er)(er)建国,此播(bo)迁(qian)于(yu)(yu)吾祖。分(fen)南(nan)阳而(er)(er)赐(ci)田,裂东岳而(er)(er)胙土(tu)。诛茅宋玉之(zhi)宅,穿径临江(jiang)之(zhi)府(fu)。水木交运,山(shan)川崩竭。家有直道,人多全节。训子见于(yu)(yu)纯深,事君彰于(yu)(yu)义烈。新野有生(sheng)祠之(zhi)庙,河(he)南(nan)有胡(hu)书之(zhi)碣。况乃少微真人,天山(shan)逸民。阶庭空谷,门巷蒲轮。移谈讲树,就简书筠。降生(sheng)世德(de),载诞贞(zhen)臣(chen)。文(wen)词(ci)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)甲观,模楷盛于(yu)(yu)漳滨(bin)。嗟(jie)有道而(er)(er)无凤(feng),叹非时而(er)(er)有麟(lin)。既奸回(hui)之(zhi)赑(bi)匿,终(zhong)不悦于(yu)(yu)仁人。
王子洛滨(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)岁,兰(lan)成(cheng)射策之(zhi)(zhi)年,始含香于建礼,仍矫翼(yi)于崇贤。游洊雷塘(tang)于江浦。东门则(ze)鞭石(shi)(shi)成(cheng)桥,南(nan)极则(ze)铸铜为(wei)(wei)柱。树则(ze)园植(zhi)万株,竹则(ze)家封(feng)千户。西(xi)赆浮玉,南(nan)琛没羽。吴(wu)歈越吟,荆(jing)艳楚(chu)舞。草(cao)木之(zhi)(zhi)藉春阳,鱼(yu)龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)得(de)风(feng)雨。五十年中,江表(biao)无事(shi)。王歙为(wei)(wei)和亲之(zhi)(zhi)侯,班超为(wei)(wei)定远之(zhi)(zhi)使。马武无预于兵(bing)(bing)甲,冯唐不(bu)(bu)论于将(jiang)帅。岂(qi)知(zhi)山岳闇(an)然,江湖潜(qian)沸(fei)。渔(yu)阳有闾左戍卒(zu),离石(shi)(shi)有将(jiang)兵(bing)(bing)都尉。天子方删诗(shi)书,定礼乐。设重云之(zhi)(zhi)讲,开士林之(zhi)(zhi)学。谈劫烬之(zhi)(zhi)灰飞(fei),辩常星(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)夜落。地(di)平鱼(yu)齿,城危(wei)兽(shou)角。卧刁斗于荥阳,绊龙(long)媒于平乐。宰衡以干(gan)戈为(wei)(wei)儿戏,缙(jin)绅以清 谈为(wei)(wei)庙略(lve)。乘渍水而(er)胶(jiao)船,驭奔驹(ju)以朽索。小(xiao)人则(ze)将(jiang)及水火,君子则(ze)方成(cheng)沐鹤。弊(bi)箄不(bu)(bu)能救盐池之(zhi)(zhi)咸,阿胶(jiao)不(bu)(bu)能止(zhi)黄河之(zhi)(zhi)浊(zhuo)。既而(er)鲂鱼(yu)頳尾,四郊(jiao)多垒。殿狎江鸥,宫鸣野雉。湛卢去国,艅皇失水。见被发(fa)于伊(yi)川,知(zhi)其时为(wei)(wei)戎矣。
彼奸逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炽(chi)盛,久游魂而放命。大则有鲸有鲵,小则为枭 为獍(jing)。负(fu)其(qi)(qi)牛羊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力,凶其(qi)(qi)水草之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性。非玉烛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能调(diao),岂(qi)璇玑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)正。值天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无为,尚有欲于(yu)羁縻。饮其(qi)(qi)琉(liu)璃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酒(jiu),赏(shang)其(qi)(qi)虎(hu)豹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮。见胡桐于(yu)大夏,识鸟卵(luan)于(yu)条支。豺牙密厉,虺(hui)毒(du)潜吹。轻九鼎而欲问,闻三(san)川(chuan)而遂窥(kui)。
始则(ze)王子召戎,奸臣介冑。既官政而离逖,遂师言而泄漏。望(wang)廷尉(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)逋囚(qiu),反淮南之(zhi)(zhi)穷寇(kou)。飞(fei)狄泉之(zhi)(zhi)苍鸟(niao),起横江之(zhi)(zhi)困兽。地(di)则(ze)石鼓鸣山,天则(ze)金精动宿。北(bei)阙龙(long)吟,东陵麟斗。尔乃(nai)桀黠(xia)构(gou)扇,凭陵畿甸。拥狼望(wang)于(yu)黄图,填卢(lu)山于(yu)赤县(xian)。青袍如(ru)草,白马如(ru)练。天子履端废朝,单于(yu)长围高宴。两(liang)观(guan)当戟,千门(men)受 箭。白虹贯日,苍鹰击殿。竞(jing)遭夏(xia)台之(zhi)(zhi)祸,遂视(shi)尧城之(zhi)(zhi)变(bian)。官守无奔问之(zhi)(zhi)人,干戚非(fei)平(ping)戎之(zhi)(zhi)战。陶侃(kan)则(ze)空装米(mi)船,顾荣则(ze)虚(xu)摇羽扇。将(jiang)军(jun)死绥,路绝重围。烽随星(xing)落,书逐(zhu)鸢飞(fei)。遂乃(nai)韩(han)分(fen)赵裂,鼓卧旗(qi)折(zhe)。失群班马,迷(mi)轮乱辙。猛士婴城,谋臣卷舌。昆阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)战象(xiang)走林,常山之(zhi)(zhi)阵蛇奔穴。五郡则(ze)兄弟(di)相悲(bei),三州则(ze)父子离别。
护(hu)军慷慨(kai),忠(zhong)能(neng)死节。三(san)世为(wei)将,终于(yu)此灭(mie)。济阳忠(zhong)壮,身(shen)参末将。兄弟(di)三(san)人(ren)(ren),义声俱唱。主辱(ru)臣死,名存身(shen)丧。狄人(ren)(ren)归(gui)元,三(san)军凄(qi)怆。尚(shang)书多算,守备是长(zhang)。云(yun)梯(ti)可(ke)拒,地道能(neng)防(fang)。有(you)(you)齐将之(zhi)闭壁,无燕(yan)师之(zhi)卧墙(qiang)。大事去矣(yi),人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)云(yun)亡。申子奋(fen) 发,勇气(qi)咆勃。实总元戎,身(shen)先(xian)士卒(zu)。冑落鱼门(men),兵填马窟。屡犯通中,频遭(zao)刮骨(gu)。功业夭枉,身(shen)名埋没(mei)。或以隼翼鷃披(pi),虎威狐假。沾渍(zi)锋镝,脂膏原野。兵弱虏强,城孤气(qi)寡。闻鹤(he) 唳而(er)虚惊,听(ting)胡笳而(er)泪下。据神(shen)亭而(er)亡戟,临横江(jiang)而(er)弃马。崩于(yu)钜鹿之(zhi)沙(sha),碎于(yu)长(zhang)平之(zhi)瓦。于(yu)是桂(gui)林(lin)颠(dian)覆,长(zhang)洲(zhou)麋鹿。溃溃沸腾,茫茫惨黩。天地离(li)阻,人(ren)(ren)神(shen)怨酷。晋郑靡(mi)依,鲁卫(wei)不睦。竞动天关,争回地轴。探雀(que)騺而(er)未饱,待(dai)熊蹯(fan)而(er)讵熟。乃有(you)(you)车侧(ce)郭门(men),筋悬庙(miao)屋。鬼同曹社(she)之(zhi)谋(mou),人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)秦庭之(zhi)哭。
余乃(nai)假刻玺于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)关塞(sai),称使者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詶(chou)对。逢鄂阪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讥嫌,值耏门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征税。乘(cheng)白马而(er)(er)(er)不前,策(ce)青(qing)骡而(er)(er)(er)转碍。吹落叶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扁舟(zhou),飘长颿(fan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上游。彼锯牙而(er)(er)(er)勾爪(zhua),又巡江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)习流。排青(qing)龙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战舰,斗飞燕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)船楼。张辽临于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)赤壁(bi),王浚下于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巴丘。乍风惊而(er)(er)(er)射火,或箭重(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)回舟(zhou)。未辨声(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黄盖(gai),已先沈于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)杜侯。落帆黄鹤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浦(pu),藏船鹦鹉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洲。路已分于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)湘汉,星犹看于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斗牛(niu)。若乃(nai)阴陵失路,钓台斜趣(qu)。望赤岸而(er)(er)(er)沾衣(yi),舣乌江(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)不度。雷池栅浦(pu),鹊陵焚戍。旅舍无烟,巢禽失树。谓荆、衡(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杞梓,庶江(jiang)(jiang)、汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可恃。淮(huai)海维(wei)扬,三千余里。过漂渚而(er)(er)(er)寄食,托芦中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)度水(shui)。届于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)七泽,滨于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十死。嗟天保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未定,见殷忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方始(shi)。本不达于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)危行,又无情于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禄仕。谬掌卫于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)军,滥尸(shi)丞于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)御史。
信生世等于龙(long)门,辞(ci)亲同于河洛。奉立身之(zhi)遗(yi)训,受(shou)成书之(zhi)顾(gu)托(tuo)。昔(xi)三世而无惭,今七(qi)叶而始(shi)落。泣(qi)风雨于梁山(shan),惟枯(ku)鱼之(zhi)衔索。入(ru)欹斜之(zhi)小径,掩蓬藋之(zhi)荒扉。就汀洲之(zhi)杜若,待芦苇之(zhi)单(dan)衣。
于时西楚霸王(wang),剑及(ji)繁阳(yang)。鏖兵金匮,校战玉堂。苍(cang)鹰赤(chi)雀,铁(tie)舳(zhu)牙樯。沈(shen)白马(ma)而(er)(er)誓众,负黄龙而(er)(er)度湘。海潮迎舰(jian),江萍送王(wang)。戎车屯于石城,戈船掩乎淮、泗。诸(zhu)侯则(ze)郑(zheng)伯前驱,盟主则(ze)荀(xun)罃暮至。剖巢熏穴,奔魑走魅。埋(mai)长狄于驹门,斩(zhan)蚩尤于中冀。然(ran)腹为(wei)灯,饮头(tou)为(wei)器。直虹贯垒,长星(xing)属(shu)地。昔(xi)之虎(hu)据龙盘,加以黄旗(qi)紫(zi)气,莫不(bu)随(sui)狐兔而(er)(er)窟穴,与风尘而(er)(er)殄瘁(cui)。
西(xi)瞻博望,北临玄圃。月(yue)榭(xie)风台(tai),池平树古。倚弓(gong)于(yu)玉(yu)女 窗扉(fei),系马于(yu)凤凰楼柱。仁(ren)寿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镜徒(tu)悬,茂陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书空聚。若夫立德立言(yan),谟明夤(yin)亮。声(sheng)超于(yu)系表,道高于(yu)河上。既不遇(yu)于(yu)浮丘,遂无(wu)(wu)言(yan)于(yu)师旷。指爱子而(er)托人,知西(xi)陵(ling)而(er)谁(shei)望。非无(wu)(wu)北阙(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵,犹(you)有云台(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仗(zhang)。司徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表里经(jing)纶(lun),狐偃(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惟王(wang)实勤。横(heng)琱戈而(er)对(dui)霸主,执金鼓而(er)问贼臣。平吴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,壮于(yu)杜元凯;王(wang)室是(shi)赖,深于(yu)温(wen)太真。始则地名全节,终(zhong)以山称枉(wang)人。南阳校书,去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已远(yuan)。上蔡逐(zhu)猎(lie),知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何晚。镇北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)负(fu)誉矜前,风飙 懔然。水神遭箭,山灵见鞭。是(shi)以蛰(zhe)熊伤马,浮蛟(jiao)没船(chuan)。才子并(bing)命,俱(ju)非百(bai)年。
中宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夷(yi)凶静乱(luan),大(da)雪冤(yuan)耻。去代邸而(er)承基,迁唐郊而(er)纂祀。反旧章(zhang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)司(si)隶,归(gui)余风(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)正始(shi)。沉(chen)猜则(ze)(ze)方(fang)逞其(qi)欲,藏疾则(ze)(ze)自(zi)矜于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)己。天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事没焉,诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心摇矣(yi)。既而(er)齐交(jiao)北绝,秦患西(xi)(xi)起。况背关而(er)怀(huai)楚,异端(duan)委而(er)开吴。驱(qu)绿(lv)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)散卒,拒骊山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叛徒。营(ying)军梁溠,搜乘巴渝(yu)。问诸(zhu)淫昏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼,求诸(zhu)厌劾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巫。荆门(men)遭廪延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戮,夏首滥逵(kui)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诛。蔑因(yin)亲于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)教爱,忍和(he)乐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)弯弧。慨无(wu)谋于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肉食,非所(suo)(suo)望于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)论都(dou)。未深(shen)思于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)五难,先自(zi)擅于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)二端(duan)。登(deng)阳城(cheng)(cheng)而(er)避险,卧底柱(zhu)而(er)求安(an)。既言多(duo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)忌刻, 实志勇于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)刑残。但坐观于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)时(shi)变,本无(wu)情于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)急难。地为黑子(zi),城(cheng)(cheng)犹弹丸。其(qi)怨则(ze)(ze)黩,其(qi)盟则(ze)(ze)寒。岂冤(yuan)禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能塞(sai)海(hai),非愚叟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)移山。况以(yi)沴气朝浮,妖精(jing)夜殒(yun)。赤(chi)鸟则(ze)(ze)三朝夹日,苍云(yun)则(ze)(ze)七(qi)(qi)重围轸。亡(wang)吴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁既穷,入郢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年斯(si)尽。周含郑怒,楚结秦冤(yuan)。有南风(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不竞,值西(xi)(xi)邻(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责言。俄(e)而(er)梯(ti)冲乱(luan)舞,冀马(ma)云(yun)屯。栈(zhan)秦车于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)畅毂(gu),沓汉鼓于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雷(lei)门(men)。下陈仓而(er)连弩,度临晋而(er)横船。虽复楚有七(qi)(qi)泽(ze),人称(cheng)三户。箭不丽于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)六麋,雷(lei)无(wu)惊于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)九虎(hu)。辞洞庭兮落(luo)木,去涔阳兮极浦。炽火(huo)兮焚旗,贞(zhen)风(feng)(feng)兮害蛊。乃使(shi)玉(yu)轴(zhou)扬灰(hui),龙文斫柱(zhu)。下江余城(cheng)(cheng),长林故营(ying)。徒思箝马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秣(mo), 未见烧牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)。章(zhang)曼支以(yi)毂(gu)走(zou),宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇以(yi)族(zu)行。河无(wu)冰(bing)而(er)马(ma)度, 关未晓而(er)鸡(ji)鸣。忠(zhong)臣解(jie)骨,君子(zi)吞声。章(zhang)华望祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo),云(yun)梦伪游之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。荒谷(gu)缢(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)莫(mo)敖(ao),冶父囚乎群帅。硎阱折拉,鹰(ying)鹯批拂。冤(yuan)霜夏零(ling),愤泉(quan)秋沸。城(cheng)(cheng)崩(beng)杞妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哭,竹染湘妃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泪。
水毒(du)秦泾,山高赵陉。十里五(wu)里,长亭(ting)短亭(ting)。饥随蛰燕,闇逐流萤。秦中水黑,关上泥(ni)青。于时瓦解冰泮,风飞电(dian)散。浑然千里,淄、渑一(yi)乱。雪暗如沙,冰横似岸。逢赴洛之(zhi)陆(lu)机,见离家之(zhi)王粲(can)。莫不闻陇水而掩泣(qi),向关山而长叹。况复君(jun)在交河,妾在清波。石望(wang)夫(fu)而逾远,山望(wang)子而逾多。才(cai)人之(zhi)忆代郡(jun),公主(zhu)之(zhi)去清河。栩阳亭(ting)有(you)离别(bie)之(zhi)赋,临(lin)江王有(you)愁(chou)思之(zhi)歌。别(bie)有(you)飘飖武威(wei),羁旅(lv)金微。班(ban)超生(sheng)而望(wang)反(fan),温序死而思归(gui)。李陵之(zhi)双凫永(yong)去,苏武之(zhi)一(yi)鴈空(kong)飞。
昔江(jiang)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)中否,乃金陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)祸始(shi)。虽借人之(zhi)(zhi)外力,实萧墙之(zhi)(zhi)内起。拨乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)主忽焉,中兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)宗不祀。伯兮叔兮,同见(jian)戮于(yu)犹子。荆山鹊飞(fei)而(er)(er)玉(yu)碎(sui),随岸蛇生(sheng)而(er)(er)珠死。鬼火乱(luan)于(yu)平林,殇魂惊于(yu)新市。梁故丰徙,楚实秦亡。不有所废,其(qi)何(he)以(yi)(yi)昌。有妫之(zhi)(zhi)后,遂育(yu)于(yu)姜。输我神器,居(ju)为让王。天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)德(de)曰(yue)生(sheng),圣人之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)宝曰(yue)位。用无赖(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)子孙(sun),举江(jiang)东(dong)而(er)(er)全弃。惜天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)一家(jia),遭东(dong)南之(zhi)(zhi)反气。以(yi)(yi)鹑首而(er)(er)赐秦,天(tian)何(he)为而(er)(er)此醉(zui)!
且夫天道(dao)回旋,民(min)生预(yu)焉。余烈祖(zu)于西(xi)晋(jin),始(shi)流播于东川。洎余身而七叶,又遭时(shi)而北迁(qian)。提挈(qie)老(lao)幼,关河(he)累年(nian)。死生契(qi)阔,不(bu)可问天。况复零落将(jiang)尽(jin),灵光巍然。日穷于纪,岁将(jiang)复始(shi)。逼切(qie)危虑,端忧(you)暮齿。践长乐(le)之神(shen)皋,望宣平之贵里。渭(wei)水贯于天门,骊山回于地市。幕府(fu)大将(jiang)军(jun)之爱(ai)客,丞相平津侯之待(dai)士(shi)。见钟鼎于金、张(zhang),闻弦(xian)歌于许、史(shi)。岂知灞陵夜猎,犹是(shi)故时(shi)将(jiang)军(jun);咸阳布衣,非(fei)独思归王子。
大(da)象初,以(yi)疾(ji)去职(zhi),卒。隋文帝(di)深悼之(zhi),赠(zeng)本官,加荆淮二州刺(ci)史。子(zi)立(li)嗣。史臣曰:两仪定位(wei),日(ri)月扬(yang)晖,天文彰(zhang)矣; 八卦以(yi)陈,书契有作,人文详矣。若乃坟索所纪,莫(mo)得而云, 典慕以(yi)降,遗风可述(shu)。是以(yi)曲阜多才多艺,鉴二代以(yi)正(zheng)其本;阙(que)里(li)性(xing)与天道,修六经以(yi)维其末。故(gu)能范围(wei)天地(di),纲(gang)纪人伦。穷神知化,称首于千古;经邦纬(wei)俗,藏用于百代。至矣哉!斯固圣人之(zhi)述(shu)作也(ye)。
逮乎两(liang)周道丧,七十(shi)义(yi)乖。淹中(zhong)、稷下(xia),八儒三墨,辩(bian)博之论蜂起;漆(qi)园、黍谷,名(ming)法(fa)兵(bing)农(nong),宏放之词(ci)雾集。虽(sui)雅(ya)诰(gao)奥义(yi),或未尽善,考其(qi)所长,盖贤(xian)达之源流也。
其后逐(zhu)(zhu)臣屈平(ping),作离骚(sao)以叙志,宏才(cai)(cai)艳发,有(you)恻隐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美。宋玉(yu),南国词人,追逸(yi)辔(pei)而(er)亚其迹。大儒(ru)荀况(kuang),赋礼智以陈其情,含章(zhang)郁起(qi),有(you)讽论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。贾生,洛阳才(cai)(cai)子,继清景而(er)奋其 晖。并(bing)陶铸性(xing)灵,组织风雅,词赋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,实为其冠(guan)。自是著述滋繁(fan),体制匪一。孝武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,雅尚斯文(wen),扬葩振藻者如(ru)林,而(er)二(er)马、王、杨为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杰;东(dong)京(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao),兹(zi)道愈扇(shan),咀征含商者成市(shi),而(er)班、傅、张(zhang)、蔡为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雄。当涂受命(ming),尤(you)好虫篆(zhuan);金(jin)行勃兴,无替前(qian)烈。曹、王、陈、阮,负宏衍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思,挺栋干于(yu)邓林;潘、陆(lu)、张(zhang)、左,擅侈丽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)(cai),饰羽仪于(yu)凤穴。斯并(bing)高视当世,连衡孔门(men)。虽时运推(tui)移,质文(wen)屡变,譬犹六(liu)代并(bing)协,易俗(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用无爽(shuang);九流(liu)竞(jing)逐(zhu)(zhu),一致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理同归。历选前(qian)英,于(yu)兹(zi)为盛。
既(ji)而中州版荡,戎狄交侵(qin),僭伪(wei)相属,士(shi)民涂炭,故(gu)文(wen)章 黜焉(yan)。其潜思(si)于(yu)(yu)战争之(zhi)(zhi)间,挥(hui)翰于(yu)(yu)锋镝之(zhi)(zhi)下,亦往往而间出矣。若(ruo)乃鲁徽、杜(du)广、徐光、尹(yin)弼之(zhi)(zhi)畴,知名于(yu)(yu)二赵(zhao);宋谚、封奕、朱彤、梁谠之(zhi)(zhi)属,见重于(yu)(yu)燕(yan)、秦。然(ran)皆迫于(yu)(yu)仓(cang)卒,牵(qian)于(yu)(yu)战争。竞奏符(fu)檄,则粲然(ran)可观(guan);体物缘情,则寂(ji)寥于(yu)(yu)世。非(fei)其才有(you)优劣(lie),时运然(ran)也。至朔漠之(zhi)(zhi)地,蕞(zui)尔夷俗,胡(hu)义周之(zhi)(zhi)颂国都,足称宏丽;区区河右,而学者埒于(yu)(yu)中原,刘延明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)铭酒泉,可谓清(qing)典。子曰“十室之(zhi)(zhi)邑,必(bi)有(you)忠(zhong)信 ”,岂徒言哉。
洎(ji)乎有(you)魏,定鼎沙(sha)朔,南包(bao)河、淮(huai),西吞关、陇。当(dang)时之士,有(you)许谦、崔宏(hong)、崔浩、高允、高闾、游(you)雅(ya)等,先后(hou)之间, 声实(shi)俱(ju)茂,词义典正,有(you)永嘉之遗烈焉。及太和之辰,虽复崇尚文雅(ya),方骖并路,多乖往辙,涉海登山,罕值良宝。其后(hou)袁翻才称澹雅(ya),常景思摽沉郁,彬彬焉,盖一时之俊秀(xiu)也。
周(zhou)氏(shi)创业,运属陵(ling)夷。纂遗文于既丧,聘奇士(shi)如弗及。是以苏亮、苏绰、卢柔(rou)、唐瑾、元伟、李昶之徒,咸奋鳞(lin)翼(yi),自致(zhi)青紫。然绰建(jian)言务存质朴,遂糠秕(bi)魏、晋,宪(xian)章虞、夏。虽属词有师古之美,矫枉(wang)非适时之用,故莫能常行焉(yan)。
既而革(ge)车(che)电(dian)迈,渚宫云撤。尔(er)其荆、衡杞梓(zi),东南竹(zhu)箭,备(bei)器用于庙堂者(zhe)众矣。唯(wei)王(wang)褒、庾(yu)信奇才(cai)秀出,牢笼(long)于一代(dai)。 是(shi)时(shi),世宗(zong)雅词(ci)云委,滕、赵二王(wang)雕(diao)章间发。咸筑宫虚馆(guan),有(you)如布衣之(zhi)交。由是(shi)朝(chao)廷(ting)之(zhi)人,闾阎之(zhi)士,莫不忘味(wei)于遗(yi)韵(yun),眩精于末(mo)光。犹丘(qiu)陵之(zhi)仰嵩(song)、岱(dai),川流(liu)之(zhi)宗(zong)溟、渤也。
然则子山之(zhi)(zhi)文,发(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)宋(song)末,盛行于(yu)梁季(ji)。其体以淫放为(wei)本,其词(ci)以轻(qing)险(xian)为(wei)宗。故能夸目侈于(yu)红紫,荡心逾于(yu)郑、卫。昔(xi)杨(yang)子云(yun)有言:“诗人之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu),丽(li)以则;词(ci)人之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu),丽(li)以淫。”若以庾氏(shi)方之(zhi)(zhi),斯又词(ci)赋(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)罪人也。
原夫文章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,本(ben)乎(hu)情性。覃思则变(bian)化无方,形言则条流遂广(guang)。虽诗赋与(yu)奏(zou)议(yi)异轸,铭诔(lei)与(yu)书论殊涂,而撮其(qi)(qi)(qi)指要,举其(qi)(qi)(qi)大抵,莫若以气(qi)为主(zhu),以文传意。考其(qi)(qi)(qi)殿最,定(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)区域,摭(zhi) 六经(jing)百氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英华,探屈、宋(song)、卿(qing)、云(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秘奥。其(qi)(qi)(qi)调也尚远,其(qi)(qi)(qi)旨(zhi)也在深(shen),其(qi)(qi)(qi)理也贵当,其(qi)(qi)(qi)辞也欲巧。然后莹(ying)金(jin)璧,播(bo)芝兰,文质因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi),繁约(yue)适其(qi)(qi)(qi)变(bian),权衡轻重,斟酌古(gu)今,和而能壮,丽而能典,焕乎(hu)若五色之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成章,纷乎(hu)犹八音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁会(hui)。夫然,则魏(wei)文所谓(wei)通才(cai)足以备体矣(yi),士衡所谓(wei)难(nan)能足以逮意矣(yi)。