●卷四
冢人掌公墓之地，辨其兆域而为之图，先王之葬居中，以昭穆为左右。（公，君也。图，谓画其地形及丘垄所处而藏之。先王，造茔者。昭居左，穆居右，夹处东西。
○夹，古(gu)浃反，刘古(gu)协反。）
[疏]注“公君”至“东西”
○释(shi)曰：训公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)则(ze)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)称，言(yan)(yan)君(jun)(jun)则(ze)上通(tong)天子(zi)。此既王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墓域，故训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“图(tu)(tu)谓画(hua)其(qi)(qi)地形(xing)及(ji)丘垄所处(chu)(chu)而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)，谓未有(you)死(si)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，先(xian)画(hua)其(qi)(qi)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)势，豫图(tu)(tu)出其(qi)(qi)丘垄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)。丘垄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，即下文(wen)(wen)丘封(feng)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)图(tu)(tu)，明藏(zang)(zang)掌，後须葬(zang)者(zhe)，依图(tu)(tu)置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“先(xian)王(wang)造(zao)茔(ying)(ying)者(zhe)”，但王(wang)宅(zhai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都，有(you)迁徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，若(ruo)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)居(ju)丰(feng)，武(wu)王(wang)居(ju)镐(hao)，平王(wang)居(ju)於(wu)(wu)洛邑(yi)，所都而(er)(er)(er)葬(zang)，即是(shi)造(zao)茔(ying)(ying)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)在丰(feng)，葬(zang)於(wu)(wu)毕，子(zi)孙皆(jie)就而(er)(er)(er)葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即以(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)居(ju)中(zhong)，文(wen)(wen)王(wang)弟(di)当(dang)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，则(ze)武(wu)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)居(ju)左，成王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)右，康王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)居(ju)左，昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)右，已下皆(jie)然。至平王(wang)东(dong)迁，死(si)葬(zang)即又(you)是(shi)造(zao)茔(ying)(ying)者(zhe)，子(zi)孙据昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)夹(jia)处(chu)(chu)东(dong)西。若(ruo)然，兄(xiong)死(si)弟(di)及(ji)俱为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兄(xiong)弟(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)弟(di)已为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)，臣(chen)子(zi)一列，则(ze)如父子(zi)，故别昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)。必知(zhi)(zhi)义然者(zhe)，案(an)文(wen)(wen)二(er)年(nian)秋八(ba)月，大事(shi)于大庙，跻僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，谓以(yi)(yi)(yi)惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)当(dang)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，今升(sheng)(sheng)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)於(wu)(wu)闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)，闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)，故云(yun)逆祀(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)不以(yi)(yi)(yi)兄(xiong)弟(di)同昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)位，升(sheng)(sheng)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)於(wu)(wu)闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)逆祀(si)(si)者(zhe)，案(an)定(ding)公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)年(nian)经云(yun)“从祀(si)(si)先(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)”，《传》曰“顺祀(si)(si)先(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)(er)祈焉”。若(ruo)本(ben)同伦，以(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)升(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)闵(min)(min)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，则(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)後诸(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)不乱(luan)，何因至定(ding)八(ba)年(nian)始云(yun)顺祀(si)(si)乎(hu)？明本(ben)以(yi)(yi)(yi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)闵(min)(min)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)别，故於(wu)(wu)後皆(jie)乱(luan)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然，兄(xiong)弟(di)相事(shi)，後事(shi)兄(xiong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)易可知(zhi)(zhi)。但置(zhi)茔(ying)(ying)以(yi)(yi)(yi)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)夹(jia)处(chu)(chu)，与置(zhi)庙同也(ye)(ye)。
凡诸侯居左右以前，卿大夫士居後，各以其族。（子孙各就其所出王，以尊卑处其前後，而亦并昭穆。
○并，薄(bo)泠(ling)反。）
[疏]“凡诸侯居”至“其族”
○释曰：言“凡”者，以其非一，故并卿大夫以凡之。此因上而言。以其王之子孙，皆为天子，庶为诸侯卿大夫士。若出封畿外为诸侯卿大夫士者，因彼国葬而为造茔之主。今言诸侯卿大夫士者，谓上文先王子孙为畿内诸侯、王朝卿大夫士。死者则居先王前後之左右。言“居左右”者，若父为天王是昭，则子为穆居右。若父是穆，则子为昭居左。为卿大夫居後亦然。但昭穆不定，故左右俱言，谓一父之前後左右并有也。云“各以其族”者，谓次第。假令同昭穆，兄当近王墓，弟则远王墓为次第。诸侯言左右，卿大夫士下云各以其族，互相通也。
○注“子孙”至“昭穆”
○释(shi)曰：言(yan)“子孙”者(zhe)，据造茔者(zhe)所生为子，已(yi)後左右，王之(zhi)所生，累世皆是孙。言(yan)以尊(zun)卑处(chu)其前後者(zhe)，尊(zun)谓诸侯，卑谓卿(qing)大夫士。云(yun)“亦并(bing)昭(zhao)穆”者(zhe)，谓兄弟(di)同伦，当(dang)昭(zhao)自与(yu)(yu)昭(zhao)并(bing)，当(dang)穆自与(yu)(yu)穆并(bing)，不谓昭(zhao)穆并(bing)有也。
凡死於兵者(zhe)，不入(ru)兆(zhao)域。（战败无勇，投(tou)诸茔外以罚之(zhi)。）
[疏]注“战败”至“罚之”
○释曰：《曲礼》云“死寇曰兵”，注云“当飨禄其後(hou)”，即下文云“凡(fan)有功者居前”是(shi)也。此是(shi)战败，故投(tou)之茔外(wai)罚之也。
凡有功者居(ju)(ju)前。（居(ju)(ju)王墓之(zhi)前，处昭穆之(zhi)中央。）
[疏]注“居王”至“中央”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)“居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)前(qian)”，则(ze)不问为诸侯与卿(qing)大夫士，但是有(you)功(gong)，则(ze)皆得居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)王(wang)(wang)墓之(zhi)前(qian)，以表(biao)显(xian)之(zhi)也。此则(ze)《曲礼》云(yun)“死寇曰(yue)兵”，兼馀功(gong)，若《司勋》王(wang)(wang)功(gong)、事功(gong)、国功(gong)之(zhi)等皆是也。言“处昭穆之(zhi)中央”者，上(shang)云(yun)“诸侯居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)左右已(yi)前(qian)”，即是昭居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)左，穆居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)右。今云(yun)昭穆之(zhi)中央，谓正当王(wang)(wang)冢前(qian)，由其有(you)功(gong)，故特(te)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)中显(xian)异之(zhi)也。
以爵等为丘封之度与其树数。（别尊卑也。王公曰丘，诸臣曰封。《汉律》曰：“列侯坟高四丈，关内侯以下至庶人各有差。”
○别，彼列(lie)反。）
[疏]“以爵”至“树数”
○释曰：此文自王已下皆有，而云爵等为丘封之度，则天子亦是爵号也。虽云度与树数，天子已下无差次之文。
○注“别尊”至“有差”
○释(shi)曰：云“别(bie)尊(zun)卑”，尊(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)丘(qiu)高(gao)(gao)而树(shu)(shu)多(duo)，卑者(zhe)(zhe)封(feng)(feng)下而树(shu)(shu)少(shao)，故云别(bie)尊(zun)卑也(ye)。郑知“王(wang)公曰丘(qiu)，诸(zhu)臣(chen)曰封(feng)(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此无(wu)正文(wen)。《尔雅》云，土(tu)之(zhi)高(gao)(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)曰丘(qiu)。高(gao)(gao)丘(qiu)曰阜，是自然(ran)之(zhi)物，故属(shu)之(zhi)王(wang)公也(ye)。聚土(tu)曰封(feng)(feng)，人(ren)(ren)所造，故属(shu)之(zhi)诸(zhu)臣(chen)。若(ruo)然(ran)，则公中可以(yi)(yi)兼五(wu)等也(ye)。郑引(yin)《汉律(lv)》者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》丘(qiu)封(feng)(feng)高(gao)(gao)下树(shu)(shu)木之(zhi)数无(wu)文(wen)，以(yi)(yi)汉法况之(zhi)也(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)，案《春(chun)秋(qiu)纬(wei)》云：“天子坟高(gao)(gao)三刃(ren)，树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)松；诸(zhu)侯半之(zhi)，树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)柏；大夫(fu)八尺，树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)栾；士四尺，树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)槐(huai)；庶人(ren)(ren)无(wu)坟，树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)杨柳(liu)。”郑不(bu)引(yin)之(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)纬(wei)》或(huo)说(shuo)异代，多(duo)与(yu)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)》乖，故不(bu)引(yin)，或(huo)郑所不(bu)见(jian)也(ye)。《王(wang)制》云“庶人(ren)(ren)不(bu)封(feng)(feng)不(bu)树(shu)(shu)”，而《春(chun)秋(qiu)纬(wei)》云“庶人(ren)(ren)树(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)杨柳(liu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)庶人(ren)(ren)礼(li)所不(bu)制，故树(shu)(shu)杨柳(liu)也(ye)。
大丧既有日，请度甫，遂为之尸。（甫，始也。请量度所始之处地。为尸者，成葬为祭墓地之尸也。郑司农云：“既有日，既有葬日也。始时，祭以告后土，冢人为之尸。”
○度，待洛反，注“量(liang)度”同(tong)。）
[疏]“大丧”至“之尸”
○释曰：大丧，谓王丧。有日，谓葬日。天子七月而葬，葬用下旬。云“请度甫”者，谓冢人请於冢宰，量度始穿地之处也。言遂为尸者，因事曰遂。初请量度，至葬讫祭墓，故冢人遂为尸也。
○注“甫始”至“之尸”
○释曰：先(xian)郑(zheng)以“遂为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尸”，据始(shi)穿(chuan)时祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)，冢人为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尸。後郑(zheng)据始(shi)穿(chuan)时无(wu)(wu)祭(ji)事(shi)，至葬(zang)(zang)讫成(cheng)墓(mu)(mu)，乃始(shi)祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)，故(gu)冢人为(wei)尸。不从先(xian)郑(zheng)者，见《小宗伯》云(yun)“卜葬(zang)(zang)兆，甫哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，又云(yun)“既葬(zang)(zang)，诏(zhao)相丧祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”，丧祭(ji)谓虞，下乃云(yun)“成(cheng)葬(zang)(zang)而祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)为(wei)位”。据彼文，则初(chu)穿(chuan)地(di)(di)时无(wu)(wu)祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，葬(zang)(zang)讫乃有祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)，即此遂为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尸，一(yi)也。故(gu)後郑(zheng)不从先(xian)郑(zheng)。若(ruo)然，引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在下者，《小宗伯》虽无(wu)(wu)初(chu)祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，亦(yi)得通(tong)一(yi)义，故(gu)引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在下。
及，以度为丘隧，共丧之窆器。（隧，羡道也。度丘与羡道广袤所至。窆器，下棺丰碑之属。《丧大记》曰：“凡封，用，去碑，负引，君封以衡，大夫以咸。”
○窆，彼验(yan)反(fan)，又(you)补邓反(fan)。去，起吕反(fan)。咸，本又(you)作缄(jian)，同古(gu)咸反(fan)。）
[疏]“及”至“窆器”
○释曰：上经已甫祭墓讫，此经复云及以度为丘隧者，此更本初欲之时，先量度作丘作隧道之处广狭长短，故文重耳。
○注“隧羡”至“以咸”
○释曰(yue)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)案僖二(er)十五年《左传》云：“晋文(wen)公(gong)请隧(sui)，不许。王曰(yue)：未有(you)代德，而(er)有(you)二(er)王。”则天子有(you)隧(sui)，诸侯已下有(you)羡道(dao)(dao)。隧(sui)与(yu)羡异者(zhe)，隧(sui)道(dao)(dao)则上(shang)有(you)负(fu)(fu)土，谓(wei)若郑(zheng)庄公(gong)与(yu)母掘地(di)隧(sui)而(er)相见者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。羡道(dao)(dao)上(shang)无负(fu)(fu)土。若然(ran)，隧(sui)与(yu)羡别，而(er)郑(zheng)云“隧(sui)，羡道(dao)(dao)”者(zhe)，对则异，散则通，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)举羡为(wei)况也(ye)(ye)。云“下棺(guan)丰(feng)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)属”者(zhe)，按《檀弓(gong)》公(gong)肩假云：“公(gong)室视(shi)丰(feng)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，三(san)家视(shi)桓楹。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云：“丰(feng)，大也(ye)(ye)。天子斫大木(mu)为(wei)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，形如石碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，前後重(zhong)鹿(lu)卢。”是大碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)之(zhi)事。言“之(zhi)属”者(zhe)，仍有(you)六纟率之(zhi)等，故(gu)(gu)引(yin)(yin)《丧大记》也(ye)(ye)。凡封者(zhe)，封即窆，谓(wei)下棺(guan)。云“执(zhi)(zhi)绋(fu)(fu)(fu)去碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)负(fu)(fu)引(yin)(yin)”者(zhe)，谓(wei)天子千人分(fen)执(zhi)(zhi)六绋(fu)(fu)(fu)，诸侯五百人分(fen)执(zhi)(zhi)四绋(fu)(fu)(fu)。其棺(guan)当於(wu)圹上(shang)，执(zhi)(zhi)绋(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)皆负(fu)(fu)绋(fu)(fu)(fu)背碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓为(wei)节(jie)而(er)下之(zhi)。云“君封以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)衡，大夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咸(xian)”者(zhe)，衡，横也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)横之(zhi)於(wu)棺(guan)傍，乃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绋(fu)(fu)(fu)系木(mu)下棺(guan)。大夫以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咸(xian)者(zhe)，大夫卑，不得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)横之(zhi)，直有(you)棺(guan)傍咸(xian)耳，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)绋(fu)(fu)(fu)系之(zhi)而(er)下棺(guan)也(ye)(ye)。彼诸侯及大夫法，但天子无文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)证天子之(zhi)法耳。
及葬，言鸾车象人。（鸾车，巾车所饰遣车也，亦设鸾旗。郑司农云：“象人，谓以刍为人。言，言问其不如法度者。”玄谓言犹语也。语之者，告当行，若於生存者，於是巾车行之。孔子谓为刍灵者善，谓为俑者不仁，非作象人者，不殆於用生乎。
○巾，如字，刘居觐反。语(yu)，鱼据反，下同。俑，音(yin)勇。）
[疏]“及葬”至“象人”
○释曰：及，至也。谓至葬，冢人语巾车之官，将明器鸾车及象人，使行向圹。
○注“鸾车”至“生乎”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)“鸾车(che)(che)，巾车(che)(che)所(suo)饰遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《巾车(che)(che)职(zhi)》云(yun)：“大丧饰遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)。”遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)则(ze)明器，遣(qian)(qian)送死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之车(che)(che)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“亦设鸾旗”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)(qi)遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)有(you)鸾和之铃，兼(jian)有(you)旌，经直云(yun)鸾车(che)(che)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)鸾旗，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言(yan)之，以其(qi)(qi)ユ旗在车(che)(che)所(suo)建，故(gu)知(zhi)有(you)车(che)(che)亦有(you)旗。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)谓(wei)(wei)以刍(chu)为人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从。以其(qi)(qi)上(shang)古(gu)有(you)刍(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，至周不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)，而用(yong)象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，则(ze)象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)与刍(chu)灵(ling)别也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“言(yan)，言(yan)问其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如法度者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，此(ci)後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)从，以其(qi)(qi)临(lin)葬(zang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)始问其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如法度。玄谓(wei)(wei)“语(yu)之者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，告当行，若(ruo)於(wu)生存者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，於(wu)是巾车(che)(che)行之”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)之数，依《檀(tan)弓》云(yun)：“诸侯七乘(cheng)，大夫五(wu)乘(cheng)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)：“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)九乘(cheng)。”遣(qian)(qian)车(che)(che)所(suo)载所(suo)苞大遣(qian)(qian)奠，大夫苞五(wu)个(ge)，诸侯七个(ge)，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)当九个(ge)，令向圹，巾车(che)(che)抱之而行也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)为刍(chu)灵(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)善，谓(wei)(wei)为俑(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)，非(fei)作象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆於(wu)用(yong)生乎”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)《檀(tan)弓》文。彼郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)：“俑(yong)，偶人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。”谓(wei)(wei)以为木人(ren)(ren)(ren)，与生人(ren)(ren)(ren)相对(dui)偶，有(you)似於(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，此(ci)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)。又(you)云(yun)：“非(fei)作象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)殆於(wu)用(yong)生乎哉”，是记(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)释(shi)孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)语(yu)。殆，近也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)用(yong)象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)於(wu)生人(ren)(ren)(ren)乎？是孔(kong)(kong)子(zi)(zi)善古(gu)而非(fei)周人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)引此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲破先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以刍(chu)灵(ling)与象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为一。若(ruo)然，则(ze)古(gu)时有(you)涂车(che)(che)刍(chu)灵(ling)，至周仍存涂车(che)(che)，唯改刍(chu)灵(ling)为象(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。
及窆，执斧以莅。（临下棺也。
○莅，音利，又音类。）
[疏]“及窆执斧以莅”
○释曰：案(an)《乡师(shi)》云“执斧以莅(li)匠师(shi)”，则此亦临(lin)匠师(shi)。两官俱临(lin)者，葬(zang)事大，故二官共临(lin)也。
遂入藏(zang)凶(xiong)(xiong)器。（凶(xiong)(xiong)器，明器。）
[疏]注“凶器明器”
○释曰(yue)：因上文窆(bian)下棺讫，即(ji)遂入圹藏明(ming)器(qi)(qi)。明(ming)器(qi)(qi)，即(ji)《檀(tan)弓》云木(mu)不成(cheng)斫(zhuo)，瓦不成(cheng)味，琴瑟张而不平，笙竽(yu)备而不和(he)，神明(ming)死者之(zhi)器(qi)(qi)者也。
正墓位，跸墓域，守墓禁(jin)。（位，谓丘封所(suo)居(ju)前(qian)後也(ye)。禁(jin)，所(suo)为茔限(xian)。）
[疏]“正墓”至“墓禁”
○释曰：墓位，即上文昭穆为左右，是须正之，使不失本位。墓域，即上文兆域是也，谓四畔沟兆。跸，谓止行人不得近之。守墓禁，谓禁制不得漫入也。
○注“位谓”至“茔限”
○释曰：云“丘封所居(ju)前後(hou)(hou)”者，即上(shang)文为诸侯及有功者居(ju)前，为卿大夫士者居(ju)後(hou)(hou)是也。云“禁(jin)所为茔(ying)(ying)限(xian)”者，谓(wei)禁(jin)者以茔(ying)(ying)域为限(xian)而(er)禁(jin)之。
凡祭(ji)墓，为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)。（祭(ji)墓为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)，或祷(dao)祈焉。郑司农云：“为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)，冢人(ren)为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)。”）
[疏]注“祭墓”至“为尸”
○释(shi)曰：後郑(zheng)知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)为(wei)祷(dao)祈(qi)者，上(shang)文“遂为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)”，是(shi)墓(mu)(mu)新成祭(ji)后土；此(ci)(ci)文云“凡”，非一，故知(zhi)谓祷(dao)祈(qi)也(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)云“为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)，冢人(ren)为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)”者，上(shang)文祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)，谓始穿地时，此(ci)(ci)文据成墓(mu)(mu)为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)。後郑(zheng)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)亦得通(tong)一义(yi)，故引之(zhi)在下。是(shi)以(yi)《礼记·檀弓(gong)》云“有(you)司舍奠於墓(mu)(mu)左”，彼是(shi)成墓(mu)(mu)所祭(ji)，亦引此(ci)(ci)“凡祭(ji)墓(mu)(mu)为(wei)尸(shi)(shi)(shi)”证成墓(mu)(mu)之(zhi)事也(ye)。
凡诸侯及诸臣葬於墓者，授之兆，为之跸(bi)，均其禁。
[疏]“凡诸”至“其禁”
○释曰：上文唯见(jian)王(wang)及子孙之墓(mu)地，不(bu)见(jian)同姓(xing)异姓(xing)诸侯(hou)之墓(mu)地，故此(ci)经(jing)睹见(jian)之。若(ruo)然，此(ci)墓(mu)地旧(jiu)有兆域，今(jin)新死(si)者随即(ji)授之耳。
墓大夫掌凡邦(bang)墓之(zhi)地(di)域，为(wei)之(zhi)图(tu)，（凡邦(bang)中(zhong)之(zhi)墓地(di)，万民(min)所葬地(di)。）
[疏]注“凡邦”至“葬地”
○释曰：郑知邦中之(zhi)墓地(di)是万民葬地(di)者，以其(qi)冢人掌王墓地(di)，下(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)“令国(guo)民族葬”，非(fei)有爵(jue)(jue)者，故(gu)知经邦墓是万民。若(ruo)然，下(xia)云(yun)(yun)“掌其(qi)度数”，郑云(yun)(yun)“度数，爵(jue)(jue)等(deng)之(zhi)大小”，而(er)见有爵(jue)(jue)者，谓本为(wei)庶(shu)人设墓，其(qi)有子孙为(wei)卿大夫士，其(qi)葬不(bu)离(li)父祖，故(gu)兼见卿大夫士也。
令(ling)国民族(zu)葬，而掌其禁令(ling)，（族(zu)葬，各从(cong)其亲。）
[疏]注“族葬各从其亲”
○释(shi)曰：经云“族葬”，则(ze)据(ju)五(wu)服之(zhi)内亲者共为一所(suo)而葬，异族即别(bie)茔。知族是(shi)五(wu)服之(zhi)内者，见《左(zuo)传》哭诸(zhu)之(zhi)例云：“异姓临於(wu)外，同姓於(wu)宗庙(miao)，同宗於(wu)祖(zu)庙(miao)，同族於(wu)祢(mi)庙(miao)。”故知族是(shi)服内，是(shi)以郑(zheng)云“各从其亲”也。
正其位，掌其度(du)数，（位，谓昭穆(mu)也。度(du)数，爵等之大小。）
[疏]注“位谓”至“大小”
○释曰：凡万民(min)墓地，亦(yi)(yi)如上(shang)文豫有(you)昭穆为左右，故云“正(zheng)其(qi)位”。云“度(du)数(shu)，爵等之大小”者，亦(yi)(yi)如《冢人》云“丘封之度(du)与其(qi)树数(shu)”也。
使皆有私地(di)域(yu)。（古(gu)者万民墓地(di)同处(chu)，分(fen)其地(di)使各有区域(yu)，得以族葬後相容。）
[疏]注“古者”至“相容”
○释(shi)曰：知古者(zhe)墓地(di)同处者(zhe)，上文云(yun)族(zu)葬(zang)是同处。云(yun)“使相容”者(zhe)，释(shi)经(jing)私(si)地(di)域也。
凡争墓(mu)地者，听其狱讼(song)。（争墓(mu)地，相侵(qin)区域。）帅其属(shu)而巡(xun)墓(mu)厉，居其中之(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)以(yi)守之(zhi)(zhi)。（厉，茔限遮列处(chu)。郑(zheng)司农云：“居其中之(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)，主官寺在墓(mu)中。”）
[疏]“帅其”至“守之”
○释曰：云(yun)“帅其属”者(zhe)，墓(mu)大夫帅下(xia)属官也。云(yun)“巡墓(mu)厉(li)”者(zhe)，谓墓(mu)大夫帅其属巡行遮列之处。云(yun)“居(ju)其中(zhong)之室以守之”者(zhe)，谓万民葬地，族葬地中(zhong)央为室，而万民各自守之。注先郑云(yun)“官寺”，寺则室也。
职丧(sang)掌诸侯之(zhi)丧(sang)及(ji)卿(qing)大夫士(shi)凡(fan)有爵者(zhe)之(zhi)丧(sang)，以(yi)国(guo)之(zhi)丧(sang)礼(li)莅其(qi)(qi)禁令，序其(qi)(qi)事。（国(guo)之(zhi)丧(sang)礼(li)，《丧(sang)服》、《士(shi)丧(sang)》、《既夕》、《士(shi)虞》今存者(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)馀则(ze)亡。事，谓小敛、大敛、葬也。）
[疏]“职丧”至“其事”
○释曰：言“诸侯”者，谓畿内王子母弟得称诸侯者，若《司裘》云“诸侯共熊侯豹侯”者也。言“凡有爵者”，还是卿大夫士，言“凡”以该之耳。云“序其事”者，谓若袭敛殡葬先後之事。
○注“国之”至“葬也”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)“国之丧礼(li)(li)，《丧服》、《士(shi)丧》、《既夕(xi)(xi)》、《士(shi)虞(yu)》今存者(zhe)(zhe)”，此据《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)》之内见(jian)在者(zhe)(zhe)而言，故云(yun)(yun)今存者(zhe)(zhe)。但《士(shi)丧礼(li)(li)》，始死(si)时事(shi)(shi)；《既夕(xi)(xi)》，葬(zang)时事(shi)(shi)；《士(shi)虞(yu)》，葬(zang)讫及(ji)日中(zhong)而虞(yu)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其馀(yu)(yu)则(ze)亡”者(zhe)(zhe)，但《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)》本事(shi)(shi)义三千(qian)条，其时有(you)天子诸侯卿大(da)(da)夫士(shi)丧与既夕(xi)(xi)及(ji)虞(yu)、卒(zu)哭，与、小祥(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)(da)祥(xiang)(xiang)礼(li)(li)皆有(you)，遭暴(bao)秦而亡，汉兴唯得十七篇，高堂生(sheng)所传，即(ji)今《仪(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)》是(shi)也(ye)，故云(yun)(yun)其馀(yu)(yu)则(ze)亡。云(yun)(yun)“事(shi)(shi)谓小敛(lian)、大(da)(da)敛(lian)、葬(zang)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，举大(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)而言，其间(jian)仍有(you)袭事(shi)(shi)，亦掌之，下文(wen)别见(jian)祭(ji)，故此不兼(jian)也(ye)。
凡国有司以王命有事焉，则诏赞主人。（有事，谓含礻遂赠之属。诏赞者，以告主人，佐其受之。郑司农云：“凡国，谓诸侯国。有司，谓王有司也。以王命有事，职丧主诏赞主人。”玄谓凡国有司，有司从王国以王命往。
○，芳凤(feng)反。）
[疏]注“有事”至“命往”
○释(shi)曰：知(zhi)“有(you)(you)(you)事谓含(han)(han)(han)礻遂(sui)(sui)赠(zeng)之属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《春秋》云(yun)：“王(wang)使荣(rong)叔归含(han)(han)(han)且。”又两小传(chuan)皆言：“衣被(bei)曰礻遂(sui)(sui)，货(huo)财曰赙，车马曰，珠玉曰含(han)(han)(han)。”明知(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)含(han)(han)(han)礻遂(sui)(sui)赠(zeng)之属(shu)。又案《士丧(sang)礼》兼有(you)(you)(you)赠(zeng)无(wu)常(chang)，惟玩好是(shi)也。不言赙者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，赙施於生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故亦(yi)不言也。先郑(zheng)云(yun)“凡国(guo)(guo)(guo)谓诸侯国(guo)(guo)(guo)，有(you)(you)(you)司(si)谓王(wang)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)也”，後郑(zheng)不从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，下文云(yun)“公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)”，岂得(de)公(gong)(gong)分(fen)之为诸侯有(you)(you)(you)司(si)、为王(wang)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)乎？明此(ci)国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)亦(yi)不得(de)分(fen)之也。故後郑(zheng)云(yun)“国(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)，有(you)(you)(you)司(si)从王(wang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)以王(wang)命往(wang)”，向(xiang)丧(sang)家者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。
凡其丧祭，诏其号，治其礼。（郑司农云：“号谓谥号。”玄谓告以牲号、号之属，当以祝之。
○，音咨。）
[疏]“凡其”至“其礼”
○释曰：丧祭馀文皆为虞，此言“凡”者，以其丧中自相对，则虞为丧祭，卒哭为吉祭，若对二十八月为吉祭，则祥礻覃已前皆是丧祭故言凡以该之，是以郑亦不言丧祭为虞也。云“治其礼”者，案《大宗伯》亦云“治其礼”，郑云“谓简习其事”。此治其礼义亦然也。
○注“郑司”至“祝之”
○释曰：先郑(zheng)云(yun)“号(hao)谓(wei)谥号(hao)”，後郑(zheng)不从(cong)者，《小宗(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun)“小丧赐(ci)谥读诔”，不在此，故後郑(zheng)云(yun)：“告(gao)以牲(sheng)号(hao)号(hao)之属，当(dang)以祝(zhu)之。”有牲(sheng)号(hao)、号(hao)，谓(wei)若《特(te)牲(sheng)》、《少牢(lao)》云(yun)“柔毛，刚鬣，嘉荐，普(pu)淖(nao)”，皆是祝(zhu)辞(ci)，故云(yun)当(dang)以祝(zhu)之也。
凡公(gong)有(you)(you)司之所共(gong)，职(zhi)(zhi)丧令之，趣其(qi)事。（令，令其(qi)当共(gong)物者给(ji)事之期也。有(you)(you)司，或言公(gong)，或言国。言国者，由其(qi)君所来(lai)。居其(qi)官(guan)曰公(gong)。谓王遣使奉(feng)命有(you)(you)赠之物，各从(cong)其(qi)官(guan)出，职(zhi)(zhi)丧当催(cui)督也。）
[疏]注“令令”至“督也”
○释曰：云(yun)“令(ling)，令(ling)其(qi)当供物者(zhe)(zhe)给事之期也”者(zhe)(zhe)，此谓(wei)诸官(guan)依法(fa)，合供给丧(sang)家者(zhe)(zhe)，不待王命，职(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)依式令(ling)之，使相供。云(yun)“有司，或(huo)(huo)言公(gong)或(huo)(huo)言国(guo)。言国(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)由其(qi)君所(suo)来”者(zhe)(zhe)，解称(cheng)国(guo)之意，君则王也。云(yun)“居(ju)其(qi)官(guan)曰公(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)不须王命，自(zi)居(ju)其(qi)官(guan)之职(zhi)(zhi)。往供则曰公(gong)，公(gong)，谓(wei)官(guan)之常职(zhi)(zhi)也。
◎春官宗伯下
大司乐(le)掌成(cheng)均之(zhi)法(fa)，以治建国(guo)之(zhi)学(xue)政，而合国(guo)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)焉(yan)。（郑司农(nong)云(yun)：“均，调也。乐(le)师主调其(qi)音，大司乐(le)主受此(ci)成(cheng)事(shi)已(yi)调之(zhi)乐(le)。”玄谓(wei)董仲舒云(yun)：“成(cheng)均，五帝之(zhi)学(xue)。”成(cheng)均之(zhi)法(fa)者，其(qi)遗礼可(ke)法(fa)者。国(guo)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)，公卿大夫(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)弟(di)，当学(xue)者谓(wei)之(zhi)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)。《文(wen)王世子(zi)(zi)》曰：“於(wu)(wu)成(cheng)均以及取爵於(wu)(wu)上(shang)尊。”然则周人(ren)立(li)此(ci)学(xue)之(zhi)宫(gong)。）
[疏]“大司”至“弟焉”
○释曰：云“掌成均之法，以治建国之学政”者，成均，五帝学名。建，立也。周人以成均学之旧法式，以立国之学内政教也。云“而合国之子弟焉”者，大司乐合聚国子弟，将此以教之。
○注“郑司”至“之宫”
○释曰(yue)：先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“均(jun)(jun)(jun)，调(diao)也(ye)。乐(le)师主(zhu)(zhu)调(diao)其音(yin)，大(da)(da)司乐(le)主(zhu)(zhu)受(shou)此成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)(shi)已(yi)调(diao)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)乐(le)师惟教(jiao)(jiao)国(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小(xiao)舞，大(da)(da)司乐(le)教(jiao)(jiao)国(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)舞，其职有(you)(you)(you)异，彼(bi)乐(le)师又(you)无调(diao)乐(le)音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。而(er)先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乐(le)师主(zhu)(zhu)调(diao)其音(yin)，大(da)(da)司乐(le)主(zhu)(zhu)受(shou)其成(cheng)(cheng)事(shi)(shi)”，义理(li)不(bu)可(ke)，且(qie)董(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)舒(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)为(wei)五(wu)帝(di)学(xue)(xue)，故(gu)依(yi)而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)。玄谓(wei)董(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)舒(shu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)，五(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，前汉(han)董(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)舒(shu)作《春(chun)秋繁(fan)露》。繁(fan)，多(duo)。露，润(run)。为(wei)《春(chun)秋》作义，润(run)益处多(duo)。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)，五(wu)帝(di)学(xue)(xue)也(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其遗(yi)礼(li)可(ke)法(fa)(fa)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)见经“掌成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)”，即(ji)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)遗(yi)礼(li)可(ke)法(fa)(fa)效，乃(nai)(nai)可(ke)掌之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)知有(you)(you)(you)遗(yi)礼(li)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)，公(gong)卿大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)，当(dang)学(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)卿大(da)(da)夫元(yuan)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)俊(jun)选皆造焉(yan)。”此不(bu)言(yan)王(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与(yu)元(yuan)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)俊(jun)选者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，引文不(bu)具。此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)也(ye)。自公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)(nai)得入也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《文王(wang)(wang)世(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》曰(yue)：‘於(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)取爵(jue)於(wu)上(shang)尊(zun)’”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)彼(bi)文上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德进，或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)举，或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)扬(yang)”，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“曲艺皆誓之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待又(you)语(yu)。三而(er)一有(you)(you)(you)焉(yan)，乃(nai)(nai)进其等。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“进於(wu)众学(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其序，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)人，远之(zhi)(zhi)，於(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)取爵(jue)於(wu)上(shang)尊(zun)也(ye)。”彼(bi)郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“董(dong)(dong)仲(zhong)舒(shu)曰(yue)‘五(wu)帝(di)名(ming)大(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)曰(yue)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)’，则(ze)虞(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)近是(shi)也(ye)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)饮酒於(wu)虞(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，则(ze)郊(jiao)人亦得酌於(wu)上(shang)尊(zun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)旅(lv)。”郑(zheng)引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)是(shi)学(xue)(xue)意。若如先郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义解之(zhi)(zhi)，何得於(wu)中(zhong)饮酒，故(gu)知先郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)义非(fei)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然(ran)则(ze)周人立此学(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)虞(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)是(shi)也(ye)。若然(ran)，案(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》有(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)氏名(ming)学(xue)(xue)为(wei)上(shang)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、下庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，至周立小(xiao)学(xue)(xue)在西郊(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，曰(yue)虞(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。尧已(yi)上(shang)，当(dang)代(dai)学(xue)(xue)亦各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)，无文可(ke)知，但五(wu)帝(di)总名(ming)成(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)(jun)，当(dang)代(dai)则(ze)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)别称(cheng)，谓(wei)若三代(dai)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)学(xue)(xue)，总曰(yue)辟雍，当(dang)代(dai)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)异名(ming)也(ye)。
凡有道者有德者，使教焉，死则以为乐祖，祭於瞽宗。（道，多才艺者。德，能躬行者，若舜命夔典乐教胄子是也。死则以为乐之祖，神而祭之。郑司农云：“瞽，乐人，乐人所共宗也。或曰：祭於瞽宗，祭於庙中。《明堂位》曰：‘瞽宗，殷学也。泮宫，周学也。’以此观之，祭於学宫中。”
○瞽，音(yin)(yin)古。夔，求龟反。胄子，音(yin)(yin)胃，本(ben)亦(yi)作胃。泮(pan)，音(yin)(yin)判(pan)，本(ben)亦(yi)作同。）
[疏]注“道多”至“宫中”
○释(shi)曰：经直言道，郑知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)多(duo)(duo)才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)道，通物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。是(shi)已有(you)才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)通教(jiao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，故知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)多(duo)(duo)才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)耳。但才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)与(yu)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)少别，知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，见《雍也(ye)(ye)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“求也(ye)(ye)艺(yi)(yi)”，郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“艺(yi)(yi)，多(duo)(duo)才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)。”又《宪问(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“冉求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艺(yi)(yi)，文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)。”礼(li)(li)(li)乐(le)(le)既是(shi)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)，明上(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)艺(yi)(yi)非(fei)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)教(jiao)乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，不(bu)(bu)得以六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“道，多(duo)(duo)才(cai)艺(yi)(yi)”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“德(de)(de)(de)，能(neng)躬(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案《师氏》注：“德(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，外内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称，在心为(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)，施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”彼释(shi)三德(de)(de)(de)、三行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)外内(nei)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“德(de)(de)(de)能(neng)躬(gong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”，则身内(nei)有(you)德(de)(de)(de)，又能(neng)身行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。《尚(shang)书(shu)传》说云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“非(fei)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艰，行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惟艰。”则此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)非(fei)直能(neng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦能(neng)身行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，故二者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)使(shi)教(jiao)焉(yan)。“死则以为(wei)(wei)乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖，神而祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“瞽(gu)(gu)，乐(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《序官》上(shang)瞽(gu)(gu)、中瞽(gu)(gu)、下瞽(gu)(gu)，皆(jie)是(shi)瞽(gu)(gu)朦掌(zhang)乐(le)(le)事，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)瞽(gu)(gu)，乐(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)，乐(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)所共宗也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“或曰：祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)瞽(gu)(gu)宗，祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙中”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)说非(fei)，故引《明堂位》为(wei)(wei)证(zheng)，是(shi)殷(yin)学(xue)也(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)(ji)乐(le)(le)祖必於(wu)(wu)(wu)瞽(gu)(gu)宗者(zhe)(zhe)，案《文(wen)(wen)王世子(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“春诵夏(xia)弦，大(da)师诏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瞽(gu)(gu)宗。”以其(qi)教(jiao)乐(le)(le)在瞽(gu)(gu)宗，故祭(ji)(ji)乐(le)(le)祖还在瞽(gu)(gu)宗。虽有(you)学(xue)干戈在东序，以诵弦为(wei)(wei)正。《文(wen)(wen)王世子(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《礼(li)(li)(li)》在瞽(gu)(gu)宗，《书(shu)》在上(shang)庠(xiang)。”郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“学(xue)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)》於(wu)(wu)(wu)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)，功成(cheng)治定，与(yu)己同。”则学(xue)《礼(li)(li)(li)》、《乐(le)(le)》在瞽(gu)(gu)宗，祭(ji)(ji)《礼(li)(li)(li)》先师亦在瞽(gu)(gu)宗矣。若然，则《书(shu)》在上(shang)庠(xiang)，《书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先师亦祭(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)庠(xiang)。其(qi)《诗》则春诵夏(xia)弦在东序，则祭(ji)(ji)亦在东序也(ye)(ye)。故郑注《文(wen)(wen)王世子(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《礼(li)(li)(li)》有(you)高堂生，《乐(le)(le)》有(you)制氏，《诗》有(you)毛公，《书(shu)》有(you)伏生，亿可以为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)皆(jie)有(you)先师当祭(ji)(ji)可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《祭(ji)(ji)义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祀(si)先贤(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)西学(xue)，所以教(jiao)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)。”是(shi)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)亲(qin)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)见祭(ji)(ji)先圣(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，文(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)备(bei)，祭(ji)(ji)可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
以乐(le)德教国子：中、和、祗、庸、孝(xiao)、友(you)。（中犹忠也(ye)(ye)。和，刚柔也(ye)(ye)。祗，敬。庸，有常(chang)也(ye)(ye)。善(shan)父母曰(yue)孝(xiao)，善(shan)兄弟(di)曰(yue)友(you)。）
[疏]“以乐”至“孝友”
○释曰：此必使有道有德者教之。此是乐中之六德，与教万民者少别。
○注“中犹”至“曰友”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：此(ci)六(liu)(liu)德(de)，其中(zhong)和二德(de)取(qu)《大(da)(da)司徒(tu)》六(liu)(liu)德(de)之下，孝(xiao)友二德(de)取(qu)《大(da)(da)司徒(tu)》六(liu)(liu)行之上(shang)，其祗庸二德(de)与(yu)彼异(yi)，自(zi)是乐德(de)所加也。云(yun)“中(zhong)，犹忠(zhong)也。和，刚(gang)柔也”，注《大(da)(da)司徒(tu)》与(yu)此(ci)同(tong)。“祗，敬。庸，有常也”，并训而见(jian)其义也。“善(shan)父母曰(yue)(yue)孝(xiao)，善(shan)兄(xiong)弟(di)曰(yue)(yue)友”，《尔(er)雅·释训》文(wen)也。
以乐语教国子：兴、道、讽、诵、言、语。（兴者，以善物喻善事。道，读曰导。导者，言古以剀今也。倍文曰讽，以声节之曰诵，发端曰言，答述曰语。
○兴道，许应反(fan)，刘，虚甑反(fan)，注同。下(xia)音(yin)导。讽(feng)，方凤反(fan)。剀(kai)，古(gu)爱反(fan)。刘古(gu)哀反(fan)。倍，音(yin)佩。）
[疏]注“兴者”至“曰语”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此亦使有(you)道(dao)有(you)德教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兴(xing)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)善(shan)物喻善(shan)事”者(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)老狼兴(xing)周公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈，亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)恶(e)物喻恶(e)事，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)，郑举一边可知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“道(dao)，读曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)导”者(zhe)，取导引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故读从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“导者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)古以(yi)(yi)(yi)剀(kai)今也(ye)”者(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)《诗》陈古以(yi)(yi)(yi)刺幽王、厉王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈皆是。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“倍文曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)讽”者(zhe)，谓(wei)不(bu)开读之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)声节(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)诵”者(zhe)，此亦皆背(bei)文，但讽是宜言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无吟咏(yong)，诵则(ze)非直背(bei)文，又为(wei)吟咏(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)声节(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)异。《文王世(shi)子》“春诵”注诵谓(wei)歌(ge)(ge)乐(le)(le)(le)，歌(ge)(ge)乐(le)(le)(le)即诗也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)乐(le)(le)(le)而歌(ge)(ge)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)歌(ge)(ge)乐(le)(le)(le)，亦是以(yi)(yi)(yi)声节(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。襄二(er)十九年，季札请观周乐(le)(le)(le)，而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)齐”，“为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)郑”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，亦是不(bu)依琴瑟而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)歌(ge)(ge)，此皆是徒歌(ge)(ge)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)谣，亦得谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)。若(ruo)依琴瑟谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)，即毛云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)曲合乐(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)歌(ge)(ge)是也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“发(fa)端(duan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，答(da)述曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)语(yu)”者(zhe)，《诗·公刘》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“于时(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，于时(shi)(shi)语(yu)语(yu)。”毛云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，答(da)述曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)语(yu)。”许氏《说(shuo)文》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)论(lun)，答(da)难曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)语(yu)。”论(lun)者(zhe)语(yu)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别，与(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)同，故郑注《杂记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)己事。为(wei)人说(shuo)为(wei)语(yu)。”
以乐舞教国子：舞《云门》、《大卷》、《大咸》、《大{召}》、《大夏》、《大》、《大武》。（此周所存六代之乐。黄帝曰《云门》、《大卷》，黄帝能成名，万物以明，民共财，言其德如云之所出，民得以有族类。《大咸》，《咸池》，尧乐也。尧能殚均刑法以仪民，言其德无所不施。《大{召}》，舜乐也。言其德能绍尧之道也。《大夏》，禹乐也。禹治水傅土，言其德能大中国也。《大》，汤乐也。汤以宽治民，而除其邪，言其德能使天下得其所也。《大武》，武王乐也。武王伐纣以除其害，言其德能成武功。
○大(da)卷(juan)，大(da)，刘(liu)皆(jie)音(yin)(yin)泰，咸如字(zi)。卷(juan)，音(yin)(yin)权(quan)，又卷(juan)勉反，又居远反，沈又居勉反。{召(zhao)}，上(shang)昭反。，户(hu)故反。共(gong)，音(yin)(yin)恭。殚(dan)，时(shi)战(zhan)反。傅，音(yin)(yin)孚(fu)，或音(yin)(yin)附。邪(xie)，似嗟反。）
[疏]“以乐”至“大武”
○释曰：此大司乐所教是大舞，乐师所教者是小舞。案《内则》云“十三舞《勺》，成童舞《象》”，舞《象》谓戈，皆小舞。又云“二十舞《大夏》”，即此六舞也。特云《大夏》者，郑云：“乐之文武中。”其实六舞皆乐也。《保氏》云“教之六乐”，二官共教者，彼教以书，此教以舞，故共其职也。
○注“此周”至“武功”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)：案(an)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)以(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)舞云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，明此(ci)舞是六(liu)(liu)(liu)代乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，必(bi)知(zhi)此(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)舞《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》已下(xia)(xia)是黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、尧(yao)(yao)(yao)、舜(shun)(shun)(shun)、夏(xia)、殷、周(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)，并依《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)纬(wei)(wei)》及(ji)《元(yuan)命(ming)包(bao)》。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》，黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”以(yi)下(xia)(xia)及(ji)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)等皆(jie)陈，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)已下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》，黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)万物(wu)(wu)，以(yi)明民(min)共财”者(zhe)(zhe)，《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》文(wen)(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)百物(wu)(wu)，不(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)万物(wu)(wu)，万物(wu)(wu)即(ji)(ji)(ji)百物(wu)(wu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如(ru)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)出(chu)，民(min)得(de)(de)以(yi)有(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)类”者(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)释(shi)此(ci)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》、《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》二名(ming)(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如(ru)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)出(chu)”解(jie)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民(min)得(de)(de)以(yi)有(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)类”解(jie)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)者(zhe)(zhe)，卷(juan)(juan)(juan)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)族(zu)(zu)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“正名(ming)(ming)(ming)百物(wu)(wu)以(yi)明民(min)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》、《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》，尧(yao)(yao)(yao)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)(neng)(neng)殚均刑法(fa)(fa)以(yi)仪民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)，《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》文(wen)(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义(yi)终”，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仪民(min)”，引其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)引其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无不(bu)(bu)施(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，解(jie)《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。咸(xian)(xian)，皆(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。池(chi)(chi)，施(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)无所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)施(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“赏(shang)，赏(shang)善，谓(wei)禅(shan)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)封(feng)禹(yu)稷等也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”义(yi)终，谓(wei)既禅(shan)二十八载(zai)乃死是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da){召}》，舜(shun)(shun)(shun)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)绍(shao)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《元(yuan)命(ming)包(bao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)，乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)绍(shao)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业。”《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“韶，继也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)继绍(shao)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夏(xia)》禹(yu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禹(yu)治(zhi)水傅土，言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)中国也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《禹(yu)贡》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敷土”，敷，布(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，布(bu)治(zhi)九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水土，是敷土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夏(xia)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹(yu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。禹(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)中国，即(ji)(ji)(ji)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《元(yuan)命(ming)包(bao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禹(yu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并三圣。”德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并三圣，即(ji)(ji)(ji)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，亦(yi)(yi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)》，汤(tang)(tang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。汤(tang)(tang)以(yi)宽治(zhi)民(min)而(er)(er)除其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邪”者(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》文(wen)(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“除其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)虐(nve)”，虐(nve)即(ji)(ji)(ji)邪，亦(yi)(yi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或本(ben)(ben)作(zuo)(zuo)“邪”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使天下(xia)(xia)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)护(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)(ji)(ji)救护(hu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，救护(hu)使天下(xia)(xia)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)武(wu)(wu)(wu)》，武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)伐纣，以(yi)除其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)害(hai)”者(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)《祭(ji)法(fa)(fa)》文(wen)(wen)。彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“灾”，灾即(ji)(ji)(ji)害(hai)，一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)成(cheng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)即(ji)(ji)(ji)“克定祸乱曰(yue)(yue)武(wu)(wu)(wu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《元(yuan)命(ming)包(bao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)时，民(min)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兴师征(zheng)伐，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)武(wu)(wu)(wu)。”又(you)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“文(wen)(wen)王(wang)受(shou)命(ming)，有(you)(you)此(ci)武(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)。”如(ru)是，则(ze)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)武(wu)(wu)(wu)》是文(wen)(wen)王(wang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)，但文(wen)(wen)王(wang)有(you)(you)此(ci)武(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)卒而(er)(er)崩，武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)卒其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)伐功(gong)(gong)以(yi)诛虐(nve)纣，是武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)成(cheng)武(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)，故(gu)(gu)周(zhou)公(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，以(yi)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)武(wu)(wu)(wu)》为武(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)章(zhang)(zhang)》，章(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“尧(yao)(yao)(yao)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼》阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，或作(zuo)(zuo)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》，备矣(yi)”，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)增而(er)(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《周(zhou)礼》曰(yue)(yue)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》。”与(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)经注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)，本(ben)(ben)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》，以(yi)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)殊时，不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)沿乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，尧(yao)(yao)(yao)若(ruo)增黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)体(ti)者(zhe)(zhe)，存其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，犹(you)曰(yue)(yue)《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》，则(ze)此(ci)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)体(ti)依旧(jiu)，不(bu)(bu)增者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)改(gai)(gai)(gai)本(ben)(ben)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)章(zhang)(zhang)》。故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)章(zhang)(zhang)》尧(yao)(yao)(yao)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)公(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，更(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》，《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》则(ze)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)章(zhang)(zhang)》，章(zhang)(zhang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)虽尧(yao)(yao)(yao)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)是黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》一为黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)公(gong)以(yi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)时存黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)《咸(xian)(xian)池(chi)(chi)》为尧(yao)(yao)(yao)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，则(ze)更(geng)与(yu)(yu)(yu)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)立(li)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》，则(ze)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)》与(yu)(yu)(yu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》为一名(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)分乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)而(er)(er)序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，更(geng)不(bu)(bu)序(xu)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)知(zhi)有(you)(you)改(gai)(gai)(gai)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)名(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)，按《条牒论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“班固作(zuo)(zuo)汉书，高(gao)(gao)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四年，作(zuo)(zuo)《武(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)”，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“高(gao)(gao)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)庙中奏《武(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)》、《文(wen)(wen)始(shi)》。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“舜(shun)(shun)(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《韶》舞名(ming)(ming)(ming)。”秦(qin)始(shi)皇(huang)二十六(liu)(liu)(liu)年改(gai)(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)舞。注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)行(xing)(xing)，本(ben)(ben)周(zhou)舞，高(gao)(gao)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)六(liu)(liu)(liu)年，改(gai)(gai)(gai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)《文(wen)(wen)始(shi)五(wu)行(xing)(xing)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舞。”案(an)此(ci)知(zhi)有(you)(you)改(gai)(gai)(gai)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《孝经纬(wei)(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伏牺(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《立(li)基》，神农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《下(xia)(xia)谋》，祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《属(shu)续(xu)》。”又(you)《乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)纬(wei)(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“颛顼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《五(wu)茎》，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《六(liu)(liu)(liu)英》。”注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“能(neng)(neng)(neng)为五(wu)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，立(li)根茎。六(liu)(liu)(liu)英者(zhe)(zhe)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英。”皇(huang)甫谧曰(yue)(yue)：“少昊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)曰(yue)(yue)《九渊(yuan)》。”则(ze)伏牺(xi)已下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)有(you)(you)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。今(jin)此(ci)惟存黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)禹(yu)汤(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《易·系辞》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)舜(shun)(shun)(shun)垂衣裳。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“金天、高(gao)(gao)阳、高(gao)(gao)辛遵黄(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，无所(suo)(suo)(suo)改(gai)(gai)(gai)作(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)述焉。”则(ze)此(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)存者(zhe)(zhe)，义(yi)亦(yi)(yi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)郑(zheng)惟据五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，则(ze)三皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)存者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)质故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以六律、六同、五声、八音、六舞大合乐，以致鬼神示，以和邦国，以谐万民，以安宾客，以说远人，以作动物。（六律，合阳声者也。六同，合阴声者也。此十二者以铜为管，转而相生。黄锺为首，其长九寸，各因而三分之，上生者益一分，下生者去一焉。《国语》曰：“律所以立均出度也。古之神瞽，考中声而量之，以制度律均锺。”言以中声定律，以律立锺之均。大合乐者，谓遍作六代之乐，以冬日至作之，致天神人鬼，以夏日至作之，致地祗物鬼彡。动物，羽之属。《虞书》云：“夔曰：戛击鸣球、搏拊、琴瑟以咏，祖考来格，虞宾在位，群后德让，下管鼗鼓，合止，笙镛以间，鸟兽钅仓钅仓，《箫韶》九成，凤皇来仪。”夔又曰：“於，予击石拊石，百兽率舞，庶尹允谐。”此其於宗庙九奏效应。
○说(shuo)，音(yin)悦(yue)。长(zhang)，如字。上(shang)生，时掌反(fan)(fan)，後“上(shang)生”皆(jie)同(tong)。去一(yi)，起(qi)吕反(fan)(fan)。下(xia)文“去乐(le)”及注同(tong)。度，待(dai)洛反(fan)(fan)。彳扁，音(yin)遍(bian)。鬼彡，眉冀反(fan)(fan)。，力(li)果反(fan)(fan)，下(xia)“物(wu)”同(tong)。夏，居八反(fan)(fan)，刘古八反(fan)(fan)。球，音(yin)求(qiu)。搏，音(yin)博(bo)。拊，方甫(fu)反(fan)(fan)。鼗，徒刀反(fan)(fan)。，昌六(liu)反(fan)(fan)。，本又作(zuo)梧(wu)，鱼吕反(fan)(fan)。间(jian)，间(jian)厕(ce)之间(jian)。<爿仓>，本又作(zuo)跄，七羊反(fan)(fan)。於予(yu)，上(shang)如字，刘音(yin)乌。丁羊汝反(fan)(fan)。应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)，後皆(jie)同(tong)，不(bu)更音(yin)。）
[疏]“以六”至“动物”
○释曰：乡来说大司乐教国子以乐，自此已下，论用乐之事也。云“以六律六同”者，此举十二管以表其锺，乐器之中不用管也。云“大合乐”者，据荐腥之後，合乐之时用之也。此所合乐，即下云“若乐六变”、“若乐八变”、“若乐九变”之等，彼据祭天下神，此据正祭合乐。若然，合乐在下神後而文退下神乐在後者，以下神用一代乐，此用六代，六代事重，故进之在上。若然，下神不亚合乐而隔分乐之後者，以分乐序之，皆用一代，此三下神亦用一代，若不隔分乐，恐其相乱，且使一变二变之等，与分乐所用乐同，故三神在下也。云“以致鬼神示”者，是据三而言。云“以和邦国”已下，亦据三之祭，各包此数事，故郑引《虞书》以证宗庙。
○注“六律，合阳声者也”至“奏效应”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)，合(he)阳(yang)声(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)同(tong)(tong)，合(he)阴(yin)声(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《大(da)师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌(zhang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)同(tong)(tong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)阴(yin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)据而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)焉。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)十二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)铜(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)管”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《典同(tong)(tong)》先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳(yang)律(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹(zhu)，阴(yin)律(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)铜(tong)”，後郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)铜(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)”，与此(ci)注义同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“转(zhuan)而(er)(er)(er)相生(sheng)(sheng)”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，据《律(lv)(lv)历(li)志》而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)，子午(wu)巳(si)(si)东为(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)，子午(wu)巳(si)(si)西(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)。上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阳(yang)，阳(yang)主息，故(gu)三分益一(yi)(yi)；下(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)阴(yin)，阴(yin)主减(jian)，故(gu)三分去一(yi)(yi)。案(an)(an)《律(lv)(lv)历(li)志》，黄锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)统(tong)，律(lv)(lv)长(zhang)(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)。林锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)统(tong)，律(lv)(lv)长(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)寸(cun)。大(da)簇为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)统(tong)，律(lv)(lv)长(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)寸(cun)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：十二管相生(sheng)(sheng)皆(jie)八(ba)八(ba)，上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)，尽於(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)吕(lv)。阴(yin)阳(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)黄锺(zhong)，始於(wu)(wu)左旋。八(ba)八(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)位者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。假(jia)令(ling)黄锺(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)林锺(zhong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)历(li)八(ba)辰(chen)，自(zi)此(ci)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)皆(jie)然(ran)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)八(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)位，盖象八(ba)风也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《国(guo)(guo)(guo)语》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)彼(bi)(bi)景王将(jiang)铸无射，问律(lv)(lv)於(wu)(wu)伶州鸠(jiu)，鸠(jiu)对曰(yue)：“律(lv)(lv)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立均(jun)出度(du)。古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)瞽(gu)，考(kao)中(zhong)(zhong)声(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制度(du)律(lv)(lv)均(jun)锺(zhong)，百官轨仪(yi)。”郑(zheng)引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲取以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)同(tong)(tong)均(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小，须应(ying)律(lv)(lv)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)声(sheng)定律(lv)(lv)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)立锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)声(sheng)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)，定律(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)短。度(du)律(lv)(lv)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)计自(zi)倍半，而(er)(er)(er)立锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均(jun)，均(jun)。即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)应(ying)律(lv)(lv)长(zhang)(zhang)短者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遍作(zuo)(zuo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)经六(liu)(liu)(liu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)即(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)舞，故(gu)知遍作(zuo)(zuo)六(liu)(liu)(liu)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。言(yan)遍作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)，不一(yi)(yi)时(shi)俱为(wei)(wei)(wei)，待一(yi)(yi)代讫乃更为(wei)(wei)(wei)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)遍作(zuo)(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬日作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)物(wu)鬼彡(shan)”，皆(jie)《神(shen)仕职》文(wen)。案(an)(an)彼(bi)(bi)注，致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)鬼於(wu)(wu)祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao)，致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)鬼彡(shan)於(wu)(wu)单坛，盖用祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)日。若然(ran)，此(ci)经合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)，据三正祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)引(yin)(yin)彼(bi)(bi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小神(shen)及人(ren)(ren)鬼在明(ming)(ming)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但彼(bi)(bi)明(ming)(ming)旦所祭(ji)(ji)(ji)小神(shen)用乐(le)(le)(le)(le)无文(wen)，彼(bi)(bi)神(shen)既多(duo)，合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，当与此(ci)三正祭(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)彼(bi)(bi)此(ci)文(wen)同(tong)(tong)称致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但据彼(bi)(bi)正祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)大(da)神(shen)，无宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)明(ming)(ming)日，兼祭(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)鬼，与此(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“动(dong)物(wu)羽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)不释(shi)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，直释(shi)动(dong)物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尚(shang)(shang)书》不言(yan)动(dong)物(wu)，故(gu)释(shi)讫乃引(yin)(yin)《尚(shang)(shang)书》鸟(niao)(niao)兽(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《虞(yu)书》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)古(gu)文(wen)在《舜(shun)(shun)典》，是(shi)(shi)(shi)舜(shun)(shun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。案(an)(an)彼(bi)(bi)郑(zheng)注：“戛，栎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戛击鸣(ming)球已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)数器。”鸣(ming)球，即(ji)(ji)玉磬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。搏拊，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)韦为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，装之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)糠，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)节(jie)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)咏”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歌诗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祖考(kao)来(lai)(lai)格”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祖考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)来(lai)(lai)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虞(yu)宾(bin)在位”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舜(shun)(shun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)，即(ji)(ji)二王後丹朱也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“群后(hou)德让”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯助祭(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德让。已(yi)上(shang)(shang)皆(jie)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)堂上(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)所感也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)(xia)(xia)管鼗鼓”已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)舜(shun)(shun)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)堂下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)，故(gu)言(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“合(he)止”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，合(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)用，状如漆，中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)椎，摇(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)节(jie)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。故(gu)状如伏虎，背有(you)(you)刻，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)物(wu)栎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“笙(sheng)(sheng)镛(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)间(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，东方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笙(sheng)(sheng)。笙(sheng)(sheng)，生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。东方(fang)(fang)，生(sheng)(sheng)长(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)，故(gu)名(ming)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。镛(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，西(xi)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镛(yong)。庸(yong)，功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。西(xi)方(fang)(fang)物(wu)熟有(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)功，亦谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂，颂，亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)颂其(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)间(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，堂上(shang)(shang)堂下(xia)(xia)(xia)，间(jian)代而(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鸟(niao)(niao)兽(shou)(shou)<爿(pan)(pan)(pan)仓(cang)><爿(pan)(pan)(pan)仓(cang)>”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)飞(fei)鸟(niao)(niao)走兽(shou)(shou)，<爿(pan)(pan)(pan)仓(cang)><爿(pan)(pan)(pan)仓(cang)>然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)舞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“箫韶(shao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)，凤皇(huang)来(lai)(lai)仪(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，韶(shao)，舜(shun)(shun)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若乐(le)(le)(le)(le)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)变(bian)(bian)，人(ren)(ren)鬼可得(de)而(er)(er)(er)礼，故(gu)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)来(lai)(lai)仪(yi)。仪(yi)，匹。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)雄曰(yue)凤，雌曰(yue)皇(huang)，来(lai)(lai)仪(yi)止巢(chao)而(er)(er)(er)乘匹。案(an)(an)此(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)六(liu)(liu)(liu)变(bian)(bian)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象物(wu)象物(wu)，有(you)(you)象在天(tian)(tian)(tian)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四灵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。四灵，则凤皇(huang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)。此(ci)六(liu)(liu)(liu)变(bian)(bian)，彼(bi)(bi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)实(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)变(bian)(bian)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)变(bian)(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)限，灵鸟(niao)(niao)又(you)难致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夔(kui)又(you)曰(yue)：於(wu)(wu)，予击石(shi)拊石(shi)，百兽(shou)(shou)率(lv)(lv)舞”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)於(wu)(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文(wen)别而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)曰(yue)”。夔(kui)语舜(shun)(shun)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)磬有(you)(you)大(da)小，予击大(da)石(shi)磬，拊小石(shi)磬，则感百兽(shou)(shou)相率(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)舞。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶尹允(yun)(yun)谐”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，庶，众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尹，正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。允(yun)(yun)，信也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所感，使众正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，信得(de)其(qi)(qi)谐和。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)其(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效应(ying)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)经总(zong)言(yan)三祀大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。但天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)效验无文(wen)，所引(yin)(yin)《尚(shang)(shang)书》，惟有(you)(you)宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)，故(gu)指宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)《尚(shang)(shang)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祖考(kao)，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)经致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虞(yu)宾(bin)，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)经以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安宾(bin)客。群后(hou)德让，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)经邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鸟(niao)(niao)兽(shou)(shou)凤皇(huang)等(deng)，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)经动(dong)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庶尹允(yun)(yun)谐，即(ji)(ji)此(ci)经以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谐万民，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)说(shuo)远(yuan)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
乃分乐而(er)序(xu)之(zhi)，以祭，以享，以祀。（分，谓各用一代(dai)之(zhi)乐。）
[疏]注“分谓”至“之乐”
○释曰：此(ci)与下诸文为总目。上总云(yun)六舞，今分此(ci)六代(dai)之舞，尊(zun)者(zhe)用(yong)前代(dai)，卑(bei)者(zhe)用(yong)後代(dai)，使尊(zun)卑(bei)有序，故云(yun)序。若然，经(jing)所先云(yun)祭地，後云(yun)祀(si)天者(zhe)，欲(yu)见不问尊(zun)卑(bei)，事起无常，故倒文以见义也(ye)。
乃奏黄锺，歌大吕，舞《云门》，以祀天神。（以黄锺之锺、大吕之声为均者，黄锺，阳声之首，大吕为之合奏之，以祀天神，尊之也。天神，谓五帝及日月星辰也。王者又各以夏正月祀其所受命之帝於南郊，尊之也。《孝经说》曰“祭天南郊，就阳位”是也。
○正，音征。）
[疏]“乃奏”至“天神”
○释曰：此黄锺言奏、大吕言歌者，云奏据出声而言，云歌据合曲而说，其实歌、奏通也。知不言歌，歌据堂上歌诗，合大吕之调，谓之歌者，《春秋左氏传》云：“晋侯歌锺二肆，取半以赐魏绛，魏绛於是有金石之乐。”彼据磬列肆而言，是不在歌诗，亦谓之歌，明不据偏歌诗也。襄四年，晋侯飨穆叔，云奏《肆夏》，歌《文王》、《大明》、《绵》，亦此类也。
○注“以黄”至“是也”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、大(da)吕(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)奏，奏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，奏击以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出声(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)据锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而(er)言(yan)。大(da)吕(lv)，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)歌，歌者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，发声(sheng)(sheng)出音，故(gu)(gu)(gu)据声(sheng)(sheng)而(er)说(shuo)，亦(yi)互而(er)通(tong)也(ye)。言(yan)为(wei)均者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡六乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)，播(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八音”。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“六者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)其(qi)均皆(jie)待五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)八音乃(nai)成也(ye)。”则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)均者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)，先(xian)击此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)均诸(zhu)乐(le)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓奏《九夏》。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“先(xian)击锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，次击鼓。”《论(lun)语》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“始作(zuo)(zuo)，翕如也(ye)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“始作(zuo)(zuo)，谓金奏。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡乐(le)皆(jie)先(xian)奏锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)均诸(zhu)乐(le)也(ye)。必举此二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)配合(he)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，阳声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，大(da)吕(lv)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)也(ye)。言(yan)合(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此据十二辰(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斗建(jian)，与日(ri)(ri)辰(chen)(chen)相配合(he)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阳律(lv)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，阴(yin)吕(lv)来合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《大(da)师》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“掌六律(lv)、六同(tong)(tong)(tong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)阴(yin)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)阳各有(you)合(he)，黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)，十一月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)建(jian)焉(yan)，而(er)辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)星(xing)(xing)纪。大(da)吕(lv)，丑(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)，十二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)建(jian)焉(yan)，而(er)辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)玄(xuan)枵。大(da)蔟，寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)，正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)建(jian)焉(yan)，而(er)辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)И訾。应锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)，十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)建(jian)焉(yan)，而(er)辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)析木。”已(yi)後(hou)皆(jie)然(ran)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)斗与辰(chen)(chen)合(he)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神，尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)律(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》又黄帝乐(le)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尊(zun)(zun)祭(ji)尊(zun)(zun)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)神谓五(wu)帝及日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)下(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)乐(le)六变，天(tian)(tian)(tian)神皆(jie)降”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。则(ze)(ze)知此天(tian)(tian)(tian)神非天(tian)(tian)(tian)帝也(ye)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)帝矣。知及日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《大(da)宗伯》，昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)在(zai)祀(si)中(zhong)(zhong)，日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)在(zai)实柴中(zhong)(zhong)，郑(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)帝亦(yi)用实柴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。则(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)与五(wu)帝同(tong)(tong)(tong)科，此下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)又不见日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)别(bie)用乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知此天(tian)(tian)(tian)神中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)(chen)可(ke)知。其(qi)司(si)中(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)在(zai)燎中(zhong)(zhong)，则(ze)(ze)不得入天(tian)(tian)(tian)神中(zhong)(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)约与四望同(tong)(tong)(tong)乐(le)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)又各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)受命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝於(wu)(wu)南郊，尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《易纬(wei)·乾凿(zao)度》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“三(san)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊，一用夏正(zheng)。”《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“兆日(ri)(ri)於(wu)(wu)南郊，就阳位。”《大(da)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)自出，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)祖配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)周郊东方灵威仰(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夏正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)受命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝於(wu)(wu)南郊，特(te)尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《孝经说(shuo)》”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，说(shuo)，即(ji)纬(wei)也(ye)。时(shi)禁纬(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)说(shuo)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，证与《郊特(te)牲(sheng)》义同(tong)(tong)(tong)，皆(jie)见郊所(suo)(suo)感(gan)帝，用乐(le)与祭(ji)五(wu)帝不异，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)郊天(tian)(tian)(tian)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)帝故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)。
乃奏大蔟，歌应锺，舞《咸池》，以祭地示。（大蔟，阳声第二，应锺为之合。《咸池》、《大咸》也。地，所祭於北郊，谓神州之神及社稷。
○大蔟，音太，下七豆反(fan)，下同。）
[疏]“乃奏”至“地示”
○释曰：地示卑於天神，故降用大蔟阳声第二及《咸池》也。
○注“大蔟”至“社稷”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)蔟，阳(yang)声第二，应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)”者，以(yi)黄锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初九(jiu)下生(sheng)林(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初六，林(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初六上(shang)生(sheng)大(da)(da)蔟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)二，是(shi)阳(yang)声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第二也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)蔟，寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，正月建(jian)焉，而辰在И訾。应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，十(shi)月建(jian)焉，而辰在析木，是(shi)应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“《咸(xian)(xian)池》，《大(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者，此云(yun)(yun)《咸(xian)(xian)池》，上(shang)文云(yun)(yun)《大(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》，以(yi)为一物，故云(yun)(yun)《大(da)(da)咸(xian)(xian)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“地(di)，所祭於北郊，谓(wei)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”者，以(yi)其下文若(ruo)(ruo)乐(le)八变者是(shi)昆仑大(da)(da)地(di)，即知(zhi)此地(di)非(fei)大(da)(da)地(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)可知(zhi)。案《河图(tu)·括(kuo)地(di)象》云(yun)(yun)：“昆仑东南万五(wu)(wu)千(qian)里(li)曰神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)”，是(shi)知(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)祭於北郊者，《孝(xiao)经(jing)纬》文，以(yi)其与南郊相对(dui)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)及社(she)稷(ji)者，以(yi)六冕差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，社(she)稷(ji)虽在小祀(si)，若(ruo)(ruo)荐祭言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《大(da)(da)宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)血祭祭社(she)稷(ji)、五(wu)(wu)祀(si)、五(wu)(wu)岳”，用血与郊同，又在五(wu)(wu)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，故知(zhi)用乐(le)亦与神(shen)(shen)(shen)州(zhou)(zhou)同，谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)日(ri)月星与五(wu)(wu)帝同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
乃奏姑洗，歌南吕，舞《大{召}》，以祀四望。（姑洗，阳声第三，南吕为之合。四望，五岳、四镇、四窦。此言祀者，司中、司命、风师、雨师或亦用此乐与？
○窦本(ben)又(you)作渎，同(tong)，音(yin)独。与，音(yin)馀。）
[疏]“乃奏”至“四望”
○释曰：四望又卑於神州，故降用阳声第三及用《大{召}》也。
○注“姑洗”至“乐与”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)“姑(gu)洗(xi)(xi)，阳声(sheng)第三(san)，南吕为之(zhi)(zhi)合(he)”者(zhe)，以其(qi)南吕上(shang)生姑(gu)洗(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)九三(san)，是(shi)阳声(sheng)第三(san)也(ye)。姑(gu)洗(xi)(xi)，辰之(zhi)(zhi)气也(ye)，三(san)月建(jian)焉(yan)，而辰在大梁。南吕，酉之(zhi)(zhi)气也(ye)，八月建(jian)焉(yan)，而辰在寿星。是(shi)南吕为之(zhi)(zhi)合(he)也(ye)。云(yun)“四(si)(si)(si)望，五(wu)岳、四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)、四(si)(si)(si)窦”者(zhe)，以《大宗(zong)伯》五(wu)岳在社稷(ji)下(xia)(xia)，山川上(shang)。此文(wen)四(si)(si)(si)望亦(yi)在社稷(ji)下(xia)(xia)，山川上(shang)，故知(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)望是(shi)五(wu)岳、四(si)(si)(si)镇(zhen)、四(si)(si)(si)窦也(ye)。云(yun)“此言(yan)祀者(zhe)，司中(zhong)、司命、风师(shi)、雨师(shi)，或(huo)亦(yi)用此乐与”者(zhe)，以此上(shang)下(xia)(xia)更不见有司中(zhong)等(deng)用乐之(zhi)(zhi)法。又案《大宗(zong)伯》天神云(yun)祀，地云(yun)祭(ji)，人鬼云(yun)享，四(si)(si)(si)望是(shi)地而不云(yun)祭(ji)，而变称祀，明经意本(ben)容司中(zhong)等(deng)神，故变文(wen)见用乐也(ye)。无(wu)正文(wen)，故云(yun)“或(huo)”、“与”以疑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
乃奏蕤宾，歌函锺，舞《大夏》，以祭山川。（蕤宾，阳声第四，函锺为之合。函锺一名林锺。
○蕤，人(ren)谁反。函，胡南反，函锺，林锺也(ye)。）
[疏]注“蕤宾”至“林锺”
○释曰：云“蕤宾，阳声第四”者，应锺之六三上生蕤宾之九四，是阳声第四也。云“函锺为之合”者，蕤宾，午之气也，五月建焉，而辰在鹑首。函锺，未之气也，六月建焉，而辰在鹑火，是函锺之为合也。云“函锺一名林锺”者，此《周礼》言函锺，《月令》云林锺，故云一名林锺也。
○
乃奏夷则，歌小吕，舞《大》，以享先妣。（夷则，阳声第五，小吕为之合。小吕一名中吕。先妣，姜原也。姜原履大人迹，感神灵而生后稷，是周之先母也。周立庙自后稷为始祖，姜原无所妃，是以特立庙而祭之，谓之宫。，神之。
○中，音仲，亦如字(zi)，後同。原，音元(yuan)，本(ben)亦作(zuo)原。妃，音配，本(ben)亦作(zuo)配。，音秘。）
[疏]注“夷则”至“神之”
○释曰(yue)：案《祭法》“王立(li)(li)七(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)，考庙(miao)(miao)、王考庙(miao)(miao)、皇(huang)考庙(miao)(miao)、显考庙(miao)(miao)、祖(zu)考庙(miao)(miao)，皆月祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，二(er)(er)祧，享尝乃止”。不(bu)见(jian)先(xian)(xian)妣(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)七(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)外非常，故(gu)不(bu)言(yan)，若(ruo)祭当与(yu)二(er)(er)祧同，亦享尝乃止。若(ruo)追享，自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夷(yi)则(ze)，阳(yang)声(sheng)第(di)五(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)吕(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六四，上生夷(yi)则(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)五(wu)(wu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)声(sheng)第(di)五(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“小吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)小吕(lv)，巳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)，四月建焉(yan)，而(er)(er)辰在(zai)(zai)实沈。夷(yi)则(ze)，申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)七(qi)(qi)月建焉(yan)，而(er)(er)辰在(zai)(zai)鹑尾，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)合(he)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“小吕(lv)一名中吕(lv)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》言(yan)小吕(lv)，《月令》言(yan)中吕(lv)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一名中吕(lv)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先(xian)(xian)妣(bi)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)履(lv)大(da)(da)人迹(ji)，感神(shen)灵而(er)(er)生后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“履(lv)帝(di)武(wu)敏(min)歆(xin)(xin)”，毛(mao)君义与(yu)《史记》同，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)，帝(di)喾(ku)妃(fei)(fei)。履(lv)帝(di)武(wu)敏(min)歆(xin)(xin)，谓履(lv)帝(di)喾(ku)车辙(zhe)马迹(ji)，生后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)喾(ku)亲子(zi)。郑君义依(yi)《命历序(xu)》，帝(di)喾(ku)传十世(shi)乃至尧，后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尧官(guan)，则(ze)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)喾(ku)後世(shi)妃(fei)(fei)，而(er)(er)言(yan)“履(lv)帝(di)武(wu)敏(min)歆(xin)(xin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，帝(di)谓天帝(di)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《周(zhou)(zhou)本纪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)出野，见(jian)圣人迹(ji)，心(xin)悦(yue)，忻(xin)然(ran)(ran)践之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，始(shi)如有身动而(er)(er)孕，居期生子(zi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑解圣人迹(ji)与(yu)毛(mao)异也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《生民》诗序(xu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“生民，尊(zun)(zun)祖(zu)”也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)生於(wu)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)，文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)起於(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)孙(sun)功(gong)业由(you)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)，欲尊(zun)(zun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)，当先(xian)(xian)尊(zun)(zun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)母(mu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)立(li)(li)庙(miao)(miao)自(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)祖(zu)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)无所妃(fei)(fei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡祭以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)妃(fei)(fei)配，周(zhou)(zhou)立(li)(li)七(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)，自(zi)(zi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)已下不(bu)得更立(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)父(fu)庙(miao)(miao)，故(gu)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)原(yuan)(yuan)无所妃(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)特立(li)(li)庙(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)尊(zun)(zun)敬(jing)先(xian)(xian)母(mu)，故(gu)特立(li)(li)妇(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫，，神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《宫》诗云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宫有亻血，实实枚(mei)枚(mei)”，毛(mao)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“在(zai)(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)常闭而(er)(er)无事”，与(yu)此(ci)祭先(xian)(xian)妣(bi)义违(wei)，故(gu)後郑不(bu)从，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)特立(li)(li)庙(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但妇(fu)人称(cheng)宫，处在(zai)(zai)幽静，故(gu)名庙(miao)(miao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫。据其(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)则(ze)曰(yue)神(shen)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，分乐序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尊(zun)(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)用(yong)前代(dai)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)妣(bi)先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)服衮冕(mian)，山(shan)川(chuan)百(bai)物用(yong)玄(xuan)冕(mian)。今用(yong)乐山(shan)川(chuan)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian)妣(bi)上者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)川(chuan)外神(shen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，先(xian)(xian)祖(zu)生时曾事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)乐用(yong)前代(dai)无嫌。
乃奏无射，歌夹锺，舞《大武》，以享先祖。（无射，阳声之下也，夹锺为之合。夹锺一名圜锺。先祖，谓先王、先公。
○射，音(yin)亦(yi)，注下(xia)同。夹，古洽反。圜，于权反。）
[疏]注“无射”至“先公”
○释曰：云(yun)“无(wu)射，阳声之(zhi)(zhi)下也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，以其夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)五，上生无(wu)射之(zhi)(zhi)上九(jiu)，是(shi)阳声之(zhi)(zhi)下也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)为之(zhi)(zhi)合”者(zhe)，以其夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)，卯之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)，二(er)月建(jian)焉(yan)，而辰(chen)在(zai)降娄(lou)。无(wu)射，戌(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)，九(jiu)月建(jian)焉(yan)，而辰(chen)在(zai)大(da)火。亦是(shi)其合也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“夹(jia)锺(zhong)(zhong)一名(ming)圜(yuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)，下文云(yun)圜(yuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)为宫，是(shi)一名(ming)圜(yuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“先(xian)(xian)祖谓先(xian)(xian)王先(xian)(xian)公”者(zhe)，郑据《司(si)服》而言(yan)(yan)。但(dan)《司(si)服》以先(xian)(xian)王先(xian)(xian)公服异(yi)，故别言(yan)(yan)，此则知先(xian)(xian)王先(xian)(xian)公乐同，故合说，以其俱(ju)是(shi)先(xian)(xian)祖故也(ye)(ye)。
凡六乐者，文之以五声，播之以八音。（六者，言其均，皆待五声八音乃成也。播之言被也。故书播为藩，杜子春云：“藩当为播，读如后稷播百之播。”
○被，皮寄反(fan)。）
[疏]注“六者”至“之播”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云“六者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)其(qi)(qi)均”也(ye)，谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)黄锺为(wei)(wei)宫，自与已下徵商羽角(jiao)等(deng)为(wei)(wei)均，其(qi)(qi)丝数五声(sheng)各(ge)异也(ye)。或(huo)解以(yi)为(wei)(wei)均谓(wei)乐器八音之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。若(ruo)(ruo)然，何得先云“言(yan)其(qi)(qi)均”，始(shi)云“皆(jie)待五声(sheng)八音”乎？明(ming)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)均者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)为(wei)(wei)六者(zhe)(zhe)各(ge)据(ju)其(qi)(qi)首，与下四(si)声(sheng)为(wei)(wei)均，故云皆(jie)待五声(sheng)八音乃成也(ye)。云“播(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)被也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)“光被四(si)表”，是(shi)(shi)取(qu)被及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)。子春(chun)云“播(bo)为(wei)(wei)后稷播(bo)百之(zhi)(zhi)播(bo)”者(zhe)(zhe)，读(du)从《诗(shi)》云“其(qi)(qi)始(shi)播(bo)百”，是(shi)(shi)后稷之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。
凡六乐者，一变而致羽物及川泽之示，再变而致物及山林之示，三变而致鳞物及丘陵之示，四变而致毛物及坟衍之示，五变而致介物及土示，六变而致象物及天神。（变犹更也。乐成则更奏也。此谓大蜡索鬼神而致百物，六奏乐而礼毕。东方之祭则用大蔟、姑洗，南方之祭则用蕤宾，西方之祭则用夷则、无射，北方之祭则用黄锺为均焉。每奏有所感，致和以来之。凡动物敏疾者，地高下之甚者易致，羽物既飞又走，川泽有孔窍者，蛤蟹走则迟，坟衍孔窍则小矣，是其所以舒疾之分。土，原隰及平地之神也。象物，有象在天，所谓四灵者。天地之神，四灵之知，非德至和则不至。《礼运》曰：“何谓四灵？麟凤龟龙谓之四灵。龙以为畜，故鱼鲔不氵念；凤以为畜，故鸟不；麟以为畜，故兽不犭；龟以为畜，故人情不失。”
○介，音界。蜡，士嫁反(fan)(fan)(fan)。易，以豉反(fan)(fan)(fan)。窍，苦吊反(fan)(fan)(fan)。蛤，古答反(fan)(fan)(fan)。分(fen)，扶问反(fan)(fan)(fan)。知，音智。畜，许又反(fan)(fan)(fan)，下同(tong)。鲔，于轨反(fan)(fan)(fan)。氵念，音审。，休律反(fan)(fan)(fan)，本又作(zuo)犭(quan)(quan)，亦作(zuo)<戈>，同(tong)。犭(quan)(quan)，休越反(fan)(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“凡六”至“天神”
○释曰：此一变至六变不同者，据难致、易致前後而言。案《大司徒》五地之物，生动植俱有。此俱言动物，不言植物者，据有情可感者而言也。
○注“变犹”至“不失”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)犹(you)更也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《燕(yan)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)终，《尚(shang)书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)成(cheng)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。孔(kong)注《尚(shang)书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“九(jiu)(jiu)奏而(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡(fan)乐(le)曲成(cheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)终，变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)更也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。终则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)更奏，各(ge)据终始而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)乐(le)成(cheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)更奏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)谓(wei)大(da)蜡(la)(la)(la)索鬼神(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)百(bai)(bai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“蜡(la)(la)(la)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，索也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，岁十二(er)月(yue)，合(he)聚(ju)百(bai)(bai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)索飨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁十二(er)月(yue)，周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正数，谓(wei)建亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)成(cheng)於神(shen)(shen)(shen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)报(bao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据蜡(la)(la)(la)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)总(zong)(zong)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)百(bai)(bai)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，与(yu)蜡(la)(la)(la)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)聚(ju)万(wan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)同，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蜡(la)(la)(la)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六(liu)奏乐(le)而(er)(er)(er)礼(li)毕”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若乐(le)六(liu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)皆降”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)亦六(liu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)致(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)奏乐(le)而(er)(er)(er)礼(li)毕也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“东方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)用大(da)蔟”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)各(ge)别(bie)(bie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)用乐(le)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“八蜡(la)(la)(la)以(yi)(yi)(yi)记(ji)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)”，又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺成(cheng)，八蜡(la)(la)(la)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通。顺成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)，其(qi)蜡(la)(la)(la)乃(nai)(nai)通”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)八蜡(la)(la)(la)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)用乐(le)各(ge)别(bie)(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“每奏有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)感，致(zhi)和(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，总(zong)(zong)释地(di)(di)(di)与(yu)动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，虽有(you)(you)(you)(you)迟(chi)疾，皆由(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)和(he)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)动物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)敏(min)疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，地(di)(di)(di)高下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)易(yi)致(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)欲(yu)见先致(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆由(you)其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)易(yi)致(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既飞(fei)(fei)又走(zou)，川(chuan)泽有(you)(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)窍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共川(chuan)泽一(yi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)飞(fei)(fei)，川(chuan)泽有(you)(you)(you)(you)孔(kong)窍故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)乐(le)再变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)差缓。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“蛤蟹走(zou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)迟(chi)，坟(fen)衍(yan)(yan)孔(kong)窍则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)小矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)坟(fen)衍(yan)(yan)在丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)後，介(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在毛(mao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)後，由(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)走(zou)窍小故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)舒疾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)就此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)，介(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，先致(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)疾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，後致(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)舒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分，故(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)前後也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“土(tu)(tu)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)及平地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)说天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)及四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，灵(ling)(ling)非有(you)(you)(you)(you)乐(le)，兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)民(min)和(he)乃(nai)(nai)致(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《大(da)司徒(tu)(tu)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)地(di)(di)(di)，山(shan)林已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)，今此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)经(jing)上已说川(chuan)泽山(shan)林丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)及坟(fen)衍(yan)(yan)讫，惟(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)土(tu)(tu)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)可知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又土(tu)(tu)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)平地(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《大(da)宰》九(jiu)(jiu)职云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)曰(yue)三农(nong)生(sheng)九(jiu)(jiu)。”後郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)三农(nong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)及平地(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)生(sheng)九(jiu)(jiu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)土(tu)(tu)中非直有(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)，亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)平地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲(yu)见原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)中有(you)(you)(you)(you)社(she)稷(ji)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君《异义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)土(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)(zong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)谓(wei)社(she)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)言(yan)(yan)土(tu)(tu)。《郊特牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“社(she)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)土(tu)(tu)而(er)(er)(er)主(zhu)阴(yin)气。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)社(she)称土(tu)(tu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)(tu)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)象在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，所(suo)谓(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)同变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，象者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)形象在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，与(yu)羽(yu)等(deng)同称物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)象在天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)等(deng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，地(di)(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“非德(de)(de)至(zhi)和(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲(yu)见介(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)已上，皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)和(he)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，未必由(you)德(de)(de)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)，非直须(xu)乐(le)，要有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)至(zhi)和(he)，乃(nai)(nai)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《礼(li)运》已下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲(yu)见象物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)彼四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“何谓(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)灵(ling)(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，记(ji)人(ren)自(zi)问自(zi)答。案(an)彼注：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“氵念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)闪也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)鱼鲔不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闪，闪畏人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。犭犭，飞(fei)(fei)走(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌(mao)，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆据鱼鲔不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氵念(nian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可於龟更言(yan)(yan)鱼鲔，以(yi)(yi)(yi)龟知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)情，故(gu)(gu)(gu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)言(yan)(yan)人(ren)情不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《大(da)司徒(tu)(tu)》，山(shan)林宜(yi)毛(mao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，川(chuan)泽宜(yi)鳞物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)宜(yi)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，坟(fen)衍(yan)(yan)宜(yi)介(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)隰(xi)宜(yi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)羽(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配川(chuan)泽，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配山(shan)林，鳞物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)，毛(mao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配坟(fen)衍(yan)(yan)，介(jie)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)配土(tu)(tu)。与(yu)《大(da)司徒(tu)(tu)》文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)类者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)宜(yi)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)据难(nan)致(zhi)、易(yi)致(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)说，故(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)错综不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《月(yue)令·孟(meng)冬》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祈来(lai)年於天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)《周礼(li)》所(suo)谓(wei)蜡(la)(la)(la)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)，日(ri)月(yue)星，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《月(yue)令》祈於天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宗(zong)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蜡(la)(la)(la)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)月(yue)星辰，非大(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)蜡(la)(la)(la)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)众(zhong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可援尊，地(di)(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)惟(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)土(tu)(tu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)大(da)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)《尚(shang)书(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“箫韶(shao)九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)，凤皇来(lai)仪(yi)。”九(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)乃(nai)(nai)致(zhi)象物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仪(yi)为(wei)匹，谓(wei)正巢而(er)(er)(er)孕乘匹，故(gu)(gu)(gu)九(jiu)(jiu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)乃(nai)(nai)致(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)直据致(zhi)其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)与(yu)大(da)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)同六(liu)变(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡乐，圜锺为宫，黄锺为角，大蔟为徵，姑洗为羽，{}鼓{}鼗，孤竹之管，云和之琴瑟，《云门》之舞，冬日至，於地上之圜丘奏之，若乐六变，则天神皆降，可得而礼矣。凡乐，函锺为宫，大蔟为角，姑洗为徵，南吕为羽，灵鼓灵鼗，孙竹之管，空桑之琴瑟，《咸池》之舞，夏日至，於泽中之方丘奏之，若乐八变，则地示皆出，可得而礼矣。凡乐，黄锺为宫，大吕为角，大蔟为徵，应锺为羽，路鼓路鼗，阴竹之管，龙门之琴瑟，《九德》之歌，九{召}之舞，於宗庙之中奏之，若乐九变，则人鬼可得而礼矣。（此三者，皆大祭也。天神则主北辰，地则主昆仑，人鬼则主后稷，先奏是乐以致其神，礼之以玉而焉，乃後合乐而祭之。《大传》曰：“王者必其祖之所自出。”《祭法》曰：“周人喾而郊稷。”谓此祭天圜丘，以喾配之。圜锺，夹锺也。夹锺生於房心之气，房心为大辰，天帝之明堂。函锺，林锺也。林锺生於未之气，未坤之位，或曰天社在东井舆鬼之外，天社，地神也。黄锺生於虚危之气，虚危为宗庙。以此三者为宫，用声类求之，天宫夹锺，阴声，其相生从阳数，其阳无射。无射上生中吕，中吕与地宫同位，不用也。中吕上生黄锺，黄锺下生林锺，林锺地宫，又不用。林锺上生大蔟，大蔟下生南吕，南吕与无射同位，又不用。南吕上生姑洗。地宫林锺，林锺上生大蔟，大蔟下生南吕，南吕上生姑洗。人宫黄锺，黄锺下生林锺，林锺地宫，又辟之。林锺上生大蔟，大蔟下生南吕，南吕与天宫之阳同位，又辟之。南吕上生姑洗，姑洗南吕之合，又辟之。姑洗下生应锺，应锺上生蕤宾，蕤宾地宫林锺之阳也，又辟之。蕤宾上生大吕。凡五声，宫之所生，浊者为角，清者为徵羽。此乐无商者，祭尚柔，商坚刚也。郑司农云：“雷鼓、雷鼗，皆谓六面有革可击者也。云和，地名也。灵鼓、灵鼗，四面。路鼓、路鼗，两面。九德之歌，《春秋传》所谓水、火、金、木、土、谷谓之六府，正德、利用、厚生谓之三事，六府三事谓之九功，九功之德皆可歌也，谓之九歌也。”玄谓雷鼓、雷鼗八面，灵鼓、灵鼗六面，路鼓、路鼗四面。孤竹，竹特生者。孙竹，竹枝根之末生者。阴竹，生於山北者。云和、空桑、龙门皆山名。“九{召}”读当为“大韶”，字之误也。
○角如(ru)字(zi)，古音(yin)鹿(lu)。徵，张里反(fan)(fan)，下(xia)同。{}，音(yin)雷。九(jiu){召(zhao)}，依字(zi)，九(jiu)音(yin)大(da)，诸(zhu)书所引皆依字(zi)。昆仑，本(ben)(ben)又作混沦，各(ge)依字(zi)读(du)。，古乱(luan)反(fan)(fan)。喾，苦笃反(fan)(fan)。大(da)辰(chen)，如(ru)字(zi)，刘音(yin)泰。与鬼，音(yin)馀，本(ben)(ben)亦作舆。辟，音(yin)避，下(xia)同。）
[疏]“凡乐”至“礼矣”
○释曰：此三者皆用一代之乐，类上皆是下神之乐。列之在下文者，以分乐而序之，据天地之次神，故陈彼天地已下之神，并蜡祭讫乃列，陈此三，恐与上杂乱故也。言六变、八变、九变者，谓在天地及庙庭而立四表，舞人从南表向第二表为一成，一成则一变。从第二至第三为二成，从第三至北头第四表为三成。舞人各转身南向於北表之北，还从第一至第二为四成，从第二至第三为五成，从第三至南头第一表为六成，则天神皆降。若八变者，更从南头北向第二为七成，又从第二至第三为八成，地皆出。若九变者，又从第三至北头第一为九变，人鬼可得礼焉。此约周之《大武》，象武王伐纣，故《乐记》云：“且夫《武》，始而北出，再成而灭商。三成而南，四成而南国是疆，五成而分陕，周公左，召公右，六成复缀以崇。”其馀《大》已上，虽无灭商之事，但舞人须有限约，亦应立四表，以与舞人为曲别也。礼天神必於冬至，礼地祗必於夏至之日者，以天是阳，地是阴，冬至一阳生，夏至一阴生，是以还於阳生阴生之日祭之也。至於郊天必於建寅者，以其郊所感帝以祈，实取三阳爻生之日，万物出地之时。若然，祭神州之神於北郊，与南郊相对，虽无文，亦应取三阴爻生之月，万物秀实之时也。言圜丘者，案《尔雅》，土之高者曰丘，取自然之丘，圜者，象天圜，既取丘之自然，则未必要在郊，无问东西与南北方皆可。地言泽中方丘者，因高以事天，故於地上。因下以事地，故於泽中。取方丘者，水锺曰泽，不可以水中设祭，故亦取自然之方丘，象地方故也。宗庙不言时节者，天地自相对而言，至此宗庙无所对，谓祭也。但殷人於三时，周礼惟用孟秋之月为之。则《公羊》云“大事者何，大也。毁庙之主陈于大祖，未毁庙之主皆升合食于大祖”是也。天用《云门》，地用《咸池》，宗庙用《大韶》者，还依上分乐之次序，尊者用前代，卑者用後代为差也。宗庙用《九德之歌》者，以人神象神生以九德为政之具，故特异天地之神也。天地及宗庙，并言皆降、皆出、皆至者，以祭尊可以及卑，故《礼记》云“大报天而主日配以月”，是其神多，故云皆也。天神六变，地八变，人鬼九变者，上文四变已上，所致有先後者，动物据飞走迟疾，地神有孔窍大小，其土及天神有灵智，故据至德至和乃可以致，今此三者，六变已上，则据灵异而言。但灵异大者易感，小者难致，故天神六变，人鬼九变也。
○注“此三”至“之误”
○释曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“，大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)辨天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)、人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)、地(di)(di)，则皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)称也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)据(ju)(ju)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)圜(yuan)丘。《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)”，据(ju)(ju)夏正(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。《论语》“自(zi)(zi)既灌”，据(ju)(ju)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen)(shen)则主(zhu)北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)，地(di)(di)则主(zhu)昆仑，人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)则主(zhu)后稷(ji)(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则《大(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、享之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。又(you)(you)(you)《大(da)(da)(da)宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：祀(si)大(da)(da)(da)神(shen)(shen)(shen)及(ji)大(da)(da)(da)享，亦(yi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)恒相(xiang)将，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)奏是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乐(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致其(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，致神(shen)(shen)(shen)则下神(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，凡(fan)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)作乐(le)下神(shen)(shen)(shen)，乃(nai)荐(jian)献(xian)。荐(jian)献(xian)讫，乃(nai)合(he)(he)乐(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)焉(yan)，乃(nai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)合(he)(he)乐(le)而(er)(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)，据(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)焉(yan)，据(ju)(ju)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《小宰(zai)》注(zhu)(zhu)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，至(zhi)尊(zun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)”，又(you)(you)(you)《玉(yu)人(ren)(ren)》、《典瑞》、《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)》等(deng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)礼神(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉(yu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉(yu)据(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)，则“苍璧礼天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)琮礼地(di)(di)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)焉(yan)据(ju)(ju)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)，肆献(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)，王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必其(qi)(qi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)自(zi)(zi)出(chu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建寅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月，郊(jiao)(jiao)所(suo)(suo)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帝，还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)祖配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)周(zhou)郊(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后稷(ji)(ji)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证郊(jiao)(jiao)与(yu)(yu)(yu)圜(yuan)丘俱是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郊(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后稷(ji)(ji)配(pei)，圜(yuan)丘以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾配(pei)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)(yin)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》喾而(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)稷(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圜(yuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)房心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)”至(zhi)“明堂(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《春秋纬·文(wen)耀钩》，及(ji)《石氏星(xing)经》天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“房心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明堂(tang)，布政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)出(chu)。”又(you)(you)(you)昭十七年，“冬(dong)，有(you)(you)星(xing)孛於(wu)(wu)(wu)大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)”。《公羊传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？大(da)(da)(da)火(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)火(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，伐为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，北(bei)(bei)辰(chen)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)。”夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)房心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)辰(chen)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明堂(tang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圜(yuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“函锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《月令(ling)》谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)，未(wei)，坤(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)未(wei)，八(ba)卦坤(kun)(kun)亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)未(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)坤(kun)(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或曰(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)社在(zai)(zai)东井舆鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《星(xing)经》“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)社六(liu)星(xing)，舆鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)舆鬼(gui)(gui)外也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)社神(shen)(shen)(shen)位(wei)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)神(shen)(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)虚(xu)(xu)危(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)子(zi)，子(zi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)虚(xu)(xu)危(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)虚(xu)(xu)危(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虚(xu)(xu)危(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《星(xing)经》，虚(xu)(xu)危(wei)主(zhu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，用(yong)(yong)声(sheng)类(lei)(lei)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若(ruo)十二律相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，终於(wu)(wu)(wu)六(liu)十，即以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首，终於(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)事(shi)。今此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，各於(wu)(wu)(wu)本宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)徵羽，粗细须品，或先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)，或後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)声(sheng)类(lei)(lei)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)阴声(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)从(cong)(cong)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)数(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)无(wu)射(she)配(pei)合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，阴也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。无(wu)射(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)律，阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)後(hou)(hou)(hou)历八(ba)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，还从(cong)(cong)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)数(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)射(she)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，中吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)与(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同位(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)自(zi)(zi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)蕤(rui)宾合(he)(he)，但中吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)与(yu)(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方位(wei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同位(wei)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)尊(zun)地(di)(di)卑(bei)(bei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)嫌其(qi)(qi)同位(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“中吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，又(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)”，亦(yi)嫌不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)”，大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)无(wu)射(she)同位(wei)，又(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)”，南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)，姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)四(si)(si)声(sheng)足(zu)矣。“地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)”，大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)。“大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”，南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)”，姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵，後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)，四(si)(si)声(sheng)足(zu)矣。“人(ren)(ren)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，又(you)(you)(you)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)”，大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)同位(wei)，又(you)(you)(you)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)，姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)(he)，又(you)(you)(you)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽。“应(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蕤(rui)宾，蕤(rui)宾地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)蕤(rui)宾相(xiang)配(pei)合(he)(he)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又(you)(you)(you)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“蕤(rui)宾上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)”，大(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丝多後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四(si)(si)声(sheng)足(zu)矣。凡(fan)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，卑(bei)(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡(fan)言避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，尊(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)既从(cong)(cong)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)数(shu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)本宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)，人(ren)(ren)地(di)(di)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)，合(he)(he)地(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，虽有(you)(you)尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)体(ti)敌(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)所(suo)(suo)合(he)(he)，但人(ren)(ren)於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)隔绝，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)避(bi)(bi)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)所(suo)(suo)合(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必知(zhi)有(you)(you)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，有(you)(you)取有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)。知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)取者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嫌不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)；人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尊(zun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五声(sheng)，宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，浊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)，清者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵羽”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)总三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)或先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)地(di)(di)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)洗(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵，後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，大(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)，後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)用(yong)(yong)，大(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)後(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)後(hou)(hou)(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)丝多用(yong)(yong)角(jiao)(jiao)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)丝少(shao)用(yong)(yong)徵，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)凡(fan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，浊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角(jiao)(jiao)，清者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵羽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乐(le)无(wu)商(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)尚柔，商(shang)(shang)坚刚(gang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言商(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西方金(jin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)尚柔，商(shang)(shang)坚刚(gang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)”。若(ruo)然(ran)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五声(sheng)，并据(ju)(ju)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)立五声(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡(fan)音之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)，由人(ren)(ren)心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，单出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)声(sheng)，杂比曰(yue)(yue)音。泛论乐(le)法，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五声(sheng)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)实祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)无(wu)商(shang)(shang)声(sheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“雷(lei)鼓(gu)、雷(lei)鼗(tao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)六(liu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，灵鼓(gu)、灵鼗(tao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，路鼓(gu)路鼗(tao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)两(liang)(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)。路鼗(tao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)与(yu)(yu)(yu)晋(jin)鼓(gu)等(deng)同两(liang)(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)(ge)，《春秋传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)七年，赵宣子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：“劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)歌(ge)(ge)。九(jiu)(jiu)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)歌(ge)(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)歌(ge)(ge)。六(liu)府(fu)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)事(shi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)功。水、火(huo)、金(jin)、木、土、，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)府(fu)；正(zheng)德、利用(yong)(yong)、厚(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)事(shi)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“正(zheng)德，人(ren)(ren)德。利用(yong)(yong)，地(di)(di)德。厚(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)德。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)本《尚书(shu)·大(da)(da)(da)禹谟(mo)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，贾、服与(yu)(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)《古文(wen)尚书(shu)》，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)(yin)《春秋》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)雷(lei)鼓(gu)已下八(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、六(liu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)、四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，虽无(wu)正(zheng)文(wen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鼗(tao)鼓(gu)、晋(jin)鼓(gu)等(deng)非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)鼓(gu)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)两(liang)(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)尊(zun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)晋(jin)鼓(gu)等(deng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)加(jia)两(liang)(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)尊(zun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)更加(jia)两(liang)(liang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)又(you)(you)(you)尊(zun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)，知(zhi)更加(jia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)八(ba)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孤竹(zhu)(zhu)，竹(zhu)(zhu)特生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)峄(yi)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)孤桐。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孙竹(zhu)(zhu)，竹(zhu)(zhu)枝根之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《诗毛(mao)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“枝，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”即身也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)言孙，若(ruo)子(zi)孙然(ran)。知(zhi)枝根末生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阴竹(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“山(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)阳(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)曰(yue)(yue)阴。”今言阴竹(zhu)(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)山(shan)(shan)北(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和、空(kong)桑、龙门皆(jie)(jie)(jie)山(shan)(shan)名”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)禹凿龙门，见(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)，即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和与(yu)(yu)(yu)空(kong)桑，亦(yi)山(shan)(shan)可(ke)知(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和，地(di)(di)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu){召}读当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)韶(shao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)六(liu)乐(le)无(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)韶(shao)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)韶(shao)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破从(cong)(cong)大(da)(da)(da)韶(shao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡乐事，大祭祀宿县，遂以声展之，（叩听其声，具陈次之，以知完不。
○县，音玄，下“乐县”之类皆(jie)放(fang)此(ci)。）
[疏]“凡乐”至“展之”
○释曰：凡(fan)乐事，言(yan)“凡(fan)”，语广，则不徒大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)而已。而直言(yan)大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)者(zhe)(zhe)，举大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)而言(yan)，其(qi)实中(zhong)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)亦宿(su)县也。但大(da)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)中(zhong)有天神、地、人鬼。中(zhong)小祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)亦宿(su)县，至於飨食(shi)燕宾(bin)客(ke)有乐事，亦兼之矣。言(yan)宿(su)县者(zhe)(zhe)，皆於前宿(su)豫县之。“遂以(yi)声展(zhan)之”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓相扣使作(zuo)声，而展(zhan)省听之，知其(qi)完(wan)否善恶也。
王出入则令奏《王夏》，尸出入则令奏《肆夏》，牲出入则令奏《昭夏》，（三夏，皆乐章名。
○<尸死>，音尸，本亦作尸。）
[疏]“王出”至“昭夏”
○释曰：云“王出入”者，据前文大祭祀而言。王出入，谓王将祭祀，初入庙门，升祭讫，出庙门，皆令奏《王夏》也。尸出入，谓尸初入庙门，及祭祀讫，出庙门，皆令奏《肆夏》。牲出入者，谓二灌後，王出迎牲，及阎肉与体其大豕，是牲出入，皆令奏《昭夏》。先言王，次言尸，後言牲者，亦祭祀之次也。
○注“三夏皆乐章名”
○释(shi)曰：此三夏即(ji)下(xia)文九夏，皆是(shi)诗。诗与乐为之章(zhang)，故(gu)云(yun)乐章(zhang)名也(ye)。
帅国子(zi)而舞。（当用舞者，帅以往。）
[疏]注“当用”至“以往”
○释曰(yue)：凡兴(xing)舞，皆(jie)使国之子(zi)弟为(wei)之，但国子(zi)人多，不(bu)必一时皆(jie)用(yong)，当(dang)递代而去，故选当(dang)用(yong)者，帅以往为(wei)舞之处也。
大(da)飨(xiang)(xiang)不入(ru)(ru)牲(sheng)，其他皆(jie)如祭祀(si)。（大(da)飨(xiang)(xiang)，飨(xiang)(xiang)宾客(ke)也。不入(ru)(ru)牲(sheng)，牲(sheng)不入(ru)(ru)，亦(yi)不奏(zou)(zou)《昭(zhao)夏》也。其他，谓(wei)王出(chu)入(ru)(ru)、宾客(ke)出(chu)入(ru)(ru)亦(yi)奏(zou)(zou)《王夏》、《肆(si)夏》。）
[疏]“大飨”至“祭祀”
○释曰：凡大飨有三：案《礼器》云“郊血大飨腥”，郑云“大飨，祭先王”，一也。彼又云“大飨，尚段”，谓飨诸侯来朝者，二也。《曲礼下》云“大飨不问卜”，谓总飨五帝於明堂，三也。此经云大飨，与《郊特牲》“大飨尚段”为一物。言不入牲，谓飨亦在庙，其祭祀则君牵牲入杀，今大飨亦在庙，诸侯其牲在庙门外杀，因即烹之，升鼎乃入，故云不入牲也。
○注“大飨”至“肆夏”
○释曰：郑(zheng)知此(ci)大飨(xiang)(xiang)是飨(xiang)(xiang)宾(bin)客(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)(qi)不入(ru)(ru)(ru)牲。若(ruo)祭祀大飨(xiang)(xiang)，牲当入(ru)(ru)(ru)，故(gu)(gu)知飨(xiang)(xiang)宾(bin)客(ke)(ke)、诸(zhu)侯来朝者(zhe)(zhe)也。云(yun)“其(qi)(qi)他谓王(wang)(wang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)、宾(bin)客(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)亦奏(zou)《王(wang)(wang)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》、《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》”者(zhe)(zhe)，则据宾(bin)客(ke)(ke)与尸同奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》。案《礼(li)器(qi)》云(yun)：“大飨(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)事与？”又云(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)(chu)也《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》而送(song)之(zhi)。”郑(zheng)注云(yun)：“《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》，当为(wei)(wei)《陔(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》。”彼宾(bin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》，与此(ci)大飨(xiang)(xiang)宾(bin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》同。而破(po)“肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)”为(wei)(wei)“陔(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)，彼郑(zheng)注大飨(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)祭先王(wang)(wang)，祭未有燕，而饮酒(jiu)有宾(bin)醉之(zhi)法(fa)，与《乡饮酒(jiu)》宾(bin)醉而出(chu)(chu)(chu)奏(zou)《陔(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》同，故(gu)(gu)破(po)肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)陔(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)。此(ci)大飨(xiang)(xiang)，飨(xiang)(xiang)诸(zhu)侯来朝，则《左传》云(yun)飨(xiang)(xiang)以训恭俭，“设(she)凡(fan)而不倚(yi)，爵盈(ying)而不饮”，献依命数，宾(bin)无醉理(li)，故(gu)(gu)宾(bin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)奏(zou)《肆(si)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)》，与尸出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)同也。
大射，王出入，令奏《王夏》；及射，令奏《驺虞》。（《驺虞》，乐章名，在《召南》之卒章。王射以《驺虞》为节。
○驺(zou)，侧留反(fan)。召，上照反(fan)，下“召南”同(tong)。）
[疏]“大射”至“驺虞”
○释曰：大射，谓将祭祀，择士而射於西郊虞庠学中。王有入出之时，奏《王夏》。及射，奏《驺虞》之诗为射节。
○注“驺虞”至“为节”
○释曰(yue)：云“《驺(zou)(zou)虞》，乐章名，在(zai)《召南》之卒章”者(zhe)，《召南》卒章云：“一发五(wu)，于嗟乎驺(zou)(zou)虞。”以言(yan)君(jun)一发其矢，虞人驱五(wu)兽而来(lai)，喻得贤者(zhe)多，故下《乐师》注引《射义》云：“《驺(zou)(zou)虞》者(zhe)，乐官(guan)备也。”是故天(tian)子以备官(guan)为节是也。
诏诸侯以弓矢舞。（舞，谓执弓挟矢揖让进退之仪。
○挟，子协(xie)反，又音协(xie)。）
[疏]“诏诸”至“矢舞”
○释曰：射诸侯来朝将助祭，预天子大射之时，则司乐诏告诸侯射之舞节。
○注“舞谓”至“之仪”
○释曰：案(an)《大射(she)》云：“命三(san)耦(ou)取(qu)弓矢於次，三(san)耦(ou)皆(jie)次第各与其耦(ou)执弓，三(san)挟一矢，向西阶前，当阶揖(yi)，升揖(yi)，当物揖(yi)，射(she)讫，降揖(yi)，如升射(she)之仪(yi)。”是其舞节也(ye)。
王大食，三宥，皆令奏锺鼓。（大食，朔月月半以乐宥食时也。宥犹劝也。
○宥，音又。）
[疏]注“大食”至“劝也”
○释曰：郑(zheng)知(zhi)“大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，朔月(yue)加牲”者，案(an)《玉(yu)藻》，天子诸侯(hou)皆朔月(yue)加牲体之事(shi)。又知(zhi)月(yue)半者，此无正文，约《士丧(sang)礼(li)》月(yue)半不(bu)殷奠，则(ze)大(da)(da)夫已上，有月(yue)半殷奠法，则(ze)知(zhi)生人亦有月(yue)半大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法。既言大(da)(da)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)令奏，若凡常(chang)日食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)大(da)(da)司乐不(bu)令奏锺鼓，亦有乐侑食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矣。知(zhi)日食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有乐者，案(an)《膳夫》云“以乐侑食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，是常(chang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也。
王师大献，则令奏恺乐。（大献，献捷於祖。恺乐，献功之乐。郑司农说以《春秋》晋文公败楚於城濮，传曰“振旅恺以入於晋”。
○败，必迈反(fan)。濮，音卜。）
[疏]注“大献”至“于晋”
○释曰：案《郑志》，赵(zhao)商问：“大(da)司(si)马(ma)云(yun)：‘师有功，则(ze)恺(kai)乐(le)(le)(le)献(xian)于(yu)社。’《春官·大(da)司(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》云(yun)：‘王(wang)师大(da)献(xian)，则(ze)令奏恺(kai)乐(le)(le)(le)。’注云(yun)：‘大(da)献(xian)，献(xian)捷於(wu)祖。’不达(da)异意。”答(da)曰：“《司(si)马(ma)》云(yun)师大(da)献(xian)则(ze)献(xian)社，以军之(zhi)(zhi)功，故献(xian)於(wu)社。大(da)司(si)乐(le)(le)(le)，宗(zong)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)属，宗(zong)伯(bo)主於(wu)宗(zong)庙之(zhi)(zhi)礼，故献(xian)於(wu)祖也。”云(yun)“恺(kai)乐(le)(le)(le)，献(xian)功之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)”者(zhe)，则(ze)晋(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)恺(kai)是也。故取先郑所(suo)引於(wu)下。案僖二十八(ba)年，晋(jin)败楚於(wu)城濮，晋(jin)振(zhen)旅(lv)(lv)，恺(kai)以入於(wu)晋(jin)，是所(suo)据也。
凡日月食，四镇五岳崩，大傀异灾，诸侯薨，令去乐。（四镇，山之重大者，谓扬州之会稽，青州之沂山，幽州之医无闾，冀州之霍山。五岳，岱在兖州，衡在荆州，华在豫州，岳在雍州，恒在并州。傀犹怪也。大怪异灾，谓天地奇变，若星辰奔及震裂为害者。去乐，藏之也。《春秋传》曰：“壬午犹绎，《万》入去。”万言入，则去者不入，藏之可知。
○傀(kui)，刘九靡反(fan)(fan)(fan)，旧音(yin)怪(guai)，《说(shuo)文》以(yi)为“傀(kui)伟”之字解引此文，《字林》公回反(fan)(fan)(fan)，李一音(yin)杜回反(fan)(fan)(fan)。会(hui)，古外(wai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。沂，鱼依反(fan)(fan)(fan)。雍(yong)，於用(yong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。，于敏(min)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。绎(yi)，音(yin)亦。）
[疏]注“四镇”至“可知”
○释曰：郑(zheng)知(zhi)“四(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重大者(zhe)”，以(yi)《职方(fang)》九州，州各有(you)(you)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，皆(jie)曰其(qi)(qi)大者(zhe)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重大者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但五(wu)(wu)(wu)州五(wu)(wu)(wu)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)得入(ru)(ru)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，馀四(si)(si)州不(bu)(bu)得岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)名(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)，仍(reng)依(yi)旧为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)号，故(gu)(gu)四(si)(si)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)(zi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已下，亦(yi)(yi)据(ju)《职方(fang)》而(er)言(yan)。以(yi)周处镐京(jing)，在五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)外，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)《康诰》云(yun)(yun)：“岐镐处五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，周公为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)不(bu)(bu)均，故(gu)(gu)东(dong)行於(wu)(wu)(wu)洛邑(yi)，合诸侯(hou)，谋作天子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居。”是(shi)(shi)西(xi)都(dou)无西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，权(quan)立吴(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》“嵩(song)高为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，华山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)，据(ju)东(dong)都(dou)地(di)中而(er)言(yan)，即《宗伯》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)嵩(song)与(yu)华山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)俱属豫州，雍州无岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。此经欲(yu)见九州俱有(you)(you)灾(zai)变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，故(gu)(gu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)据(ju)西(xi)都(dou)吴(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)西(xi)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)说耳。案《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》，霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。案《尚书(shu)》及《王(wang)制》注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，皆(jie)以(yi)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)，案郭璞注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)今在庐江潜(qian)县(xian)(xian)西(xi)南(nan)，潜(qian)水(shui)出焉，别名(ming)(ming)(ming)天柱山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。武(wu)帝以(yi)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辽远，因谶纬(wei)皆(jie)以(yi)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)移其(qi)(qi)神於(wu)(wu)(wu)此，今其(qi)(qi)土俗人皆(jie)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)本自(zi)(zi)以(yi)两山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，非从近(jin)来。”如郭此言(yan)，即南(nan)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)两名(ming)(ming)(ming)，若(ruo)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)然，则(ze)武(wu)帝在《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》前(qian)乎？明不(bu)(bu)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案：潜(qian)县(xian)(xian)霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，一名(ming)(ming)(ming)衡(heng)(heng)阳山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，则(ze)与(yu)衡(heng)(heng)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)异(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)实同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或可荆州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衡(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，亦(yi)(yi)与(yu)庐江潜(qian)县(xian)(xian)者(zhe)别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“大怪异(yi)灾(zai)，谓(wei)天地(di)奇变”者(zhe)，此奇变，与(yu)星辰已下为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)总(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)星辰奔”者(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“岁在星纪而(er)淫於(wu)(wu)(wu)玄枵(xiao)”，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)奔。石(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)宋五(wu)(wu)(wu)，及星而(er)雨，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“及震(zhen)裂(lie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)”者(zhe)，谓(wei)若(ruo)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)地(di)震(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。云(yun)(yun)“去(qu)(qu)乐，藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)乐器(qi)不(bu)(bu)县(xian)(xian)，则(ze)藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今云(yun)(yun)去(qu)(qu)乐，明知(zhi)还(hai)依(yi)本藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)《春秋传》者(zhe)，宣(xuan)八年(nian)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)：“辛巳，有(you)(you)事于大庙，仲遂卒於(wu)(wu)(wu)垂。壬午，犹绎，《万(wan)》入(ru)(ru)去(qu)(qu)。”但卿佐卒，轻於(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)祭(ji)，故(gu)(gu)辛巳日不(bu)(bu)废正(zheng)祭(ji)，重於(wu)(wu)(wu)绎祭(ji)，当废之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。宣(xuan)公不(bu)(bu)废绎，故(gu)(gu)加“犹”以(yi)尢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)(you)声(sheng)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)入(ru)(ru)用，是(shi)(shi)以(yi)《公羊传》云(yun)(yun)：“去(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)声(sheng)，废其(qi)(qi)无声(sheng)。”郑(zheng)答赵商(shang)云(yun)(yun)：“於(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)废。”是(shi)(shi)去(qu)(qu)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)用，废者(zhe)入(ru)(ru)用，即“《万(wan)》入(ru)(ru)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)：“《万(wan)》言(yan)入(ru)(ru)，则(ze)去(qu)(qu)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)入(ru)(ru)，藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知(zhi)。”以(yi)其(qi)(qi)彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)去(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)声(sheng)，与(yu)此经去(qu)(qu)乐藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同，故(gu)(gu)引以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
大札、大凶、大灾、大臣死，凡国之大忧，令弛县。（札，疫疠也。凶，凶年也。，水火也。弛，释下之，若今休兵鼓之为。
○札，则(ze)八反，郑(zheng)音截(jie)。弛(chi)，式氏(shi)反。）
[疏]“大札”至“弛县”
○释曰：“大札”，疫疠，则《左氏传》“夭昏札瘥”是也。“大凶”，则《曲礼》云“岁凶，年不登”是也。“大灾”，水火，则宋大水及天火曰灾之类是也。“大臣死”，则大夫已上是也。“凡国之大忧”者，谓若《礼记·檀弓》云国亡大县邑及战败之类是也。“令弛县”，谓《大司乐》令乐宫弛常县之乐也。
○注“札疫”至“之为”
○释(shi)曰：“札(zha)，疫(yi)(yi)疠也”者，凡疫(yi)(yi)病皆疠鬼为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)言疫(yi)(yi)疠也。云(yun)“弛(chi)(chi)(chi)，释(shi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若今(jin)休兵鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)”者，乐县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在於ね，释(shi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与兵鼓县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於车(che)上，休亦释(shi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)相似，故(gu)举今(jin)以况古。且(qie)上文云(yun)“去(qu)(qu)(qu)乐”，据(ju)庙(miao)中其县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐，去(qu)(qu)(qu)其藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不作。此(ci)文据(ju)路寝常县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐，弛(chi)(chi)(chi)其县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，互文以见义(yi)也。去(qu)(qu)(qu)者藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦先弛(chi)(chi)(chi)其县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，弛(chi)(chi)(chi)县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)亦去(qu)(qu)(qu)而(er)藏(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但路寝常县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，故(gu)以县(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。
凡建国，禁其淫声、过声、凶声、慢声。（淫声，若郑卫也。过声，失哀乐之节。凶声，亡国之声，若桑间、濮上。慢声，隋慢不恭。
○乐，音洛。）
[疏]注“淫声”至“不恭”
○释曰：经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“建国”，谓(wei)新封诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)国，乐(le)(le)(le)者移风易俗，先当用其(qi)正乐(le)(le)(le)以(yi)化民，故(gu)禁此四者也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“淫声，若郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄也(ye)(ye)”者，《乐(le)(le)(le)记》文(wen)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)则《缁衣》之(zhi)诗说妇(fu)人者九(jiu)篇。卫则三(san)卫之(zhi)诗，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“期我(wo)於桑中”之(zhi)类是也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“过声，失(shi)哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)节”者，若《玉藻》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“御(yu)瞽几声之(zhi)上下。”上下，谓(wei)哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)，瞽人歌诗以(yi)察乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)，使得哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)节。若失(shi)哀(ai)(ai)乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)节，则不可也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶声，亡国之(zhi)声，若桑间濮(pu)上”者，亦《乐(le)(le)(le)记》文(wen)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“濮(pu)水之(zhi)上，地有桑间者，亡国之(zhi)音，於此之(zhi)水出也(ye)(ye)。”又引《史记》，昔(xi)武(wu)王伐(fa)纣，师(shi)延东走(zou)，自(zi)沈(shen)於濮(pu)水。卫灵公朝晋，过焉，夜闻(wen)，使师(shi)涓写之(zhi)。至晋，晋侯(hou)(hou)燕之(zhi)，谓(wei)晋平(ping)公曰：“寡人闻(wen)新声，为公鼓之(zhi)。”遂(sui)使师(shi)涓鼓之(zhi)，晋侯(hou)(hou)使师(shi)旷坐而(er)听之(zhi)，抚而(er)止之(zhi)曰：“昔(xi)纣使师(shi)延作靡(mi)靡(mi)之(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，武(wu)王伐(fa)纣，师(shi)延东走(zou)，自(zi)沈(shen)於濮(pu)水。”此淫声，非新声，是其(qi)义也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“慢声，惰(duo)慢不恭”者，谓(wei)若《乐(le)(le)(le)记》子夏对魏文(wen)侯(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“齐音敖僻╂志。”即是惰(duo)慢不恭者也(ye)(ye)。
大丧，莅乐器。（莅，临也。，兴也。临笙师、师之属，兴乐器也。兴谓作之也。
○，许金反(fan)。兴，许应反(fan)，後皆放(fang)此。，音博。）
[疏]注“莅临”至“之也”
○释曰：郑知临笙师(shi)(shi)、师(shi)(shi)者，案(an)《笙》、《师(shi)(shi)》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)“丧(sang)，其乐器(qi)奉而(er)藏之”，故(gu)知也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“之属(shu)”，《师(shi)(shi)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大丧(sang)，其乐器(qi)奉而(er)藏之”，《司(si)干》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大丧(sang)舞器(qi)”，此不言之，即属(shu)中兼之也(ye)(ye)。
及葬，藏乐(le)器，亦如之。
[疏]“及葬”至“如之”
○释曰(yue)：此临藏乐器(qi)，还临笙师、师等，故(gu)彼皆云(yun)奉(feng)而藏之也。