卷二十 二十之四
《长发》，大禘也。大禘，郊祭天也。《礼记》曰“王者禘其祖之所自出，以其祖配之”是谓也。
○长如字(zi)。禘，大计(ji)反(fan)。王云：“殷(yin)祭也。”王者，于况反(fan)，又如字(zi)。
[疏]“《长发》七章，首章八句，次四章章七句，一章九句，卒章六句”。
○正义曰：《长发》诗者，大禘之乐歌也。禘者，祭天之名，谓殷王高宗之时，以正岁之正月，祭其所感之帝於南郊。诗人因其祭也。而歌此诗焉。经陈洪水之时，已有将王之兆。玄王政教大行，相土威服海外。至於成汤，受天明命，诛除元恶，王有天下，又得贤臣为之辅佐。此皆天之所祐，故歌咏天德，因此大禘而为颂，故言大禘以总之。经无高宗之事，而为高宗之颂者，以高宗禘祭得礼，因美之而为此颂，故为高宗之诗。但作者主言天德，止述商有天下之由，故其言不及高宗，此则郑之意耳。王肃以大禘为殷祭，谓禘祭宗庙，非祭天也。毛氏既无明训，未知意与谁同。
○笺“大禘”至“是谓”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)喾而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming)(ming)。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，谓(wei)冬至祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)《王(wang)(wang)制》及(ji)(ji)《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统》言(yan)四(si)时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)，“春礿，夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，秋(qiu)尝(chang)，冬烝(zheng)”。注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“盖(gai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)制。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)庙亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)郑(zheng)《驳(bo)异义》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“三(san)年(nian)一祫，五(wu)年(nian)一禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，百王(wang)(wang)通义。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)《礼(li)谶》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“殷(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)年(nian)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)多矣，而(er)(er)知此(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬至为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，乃是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)，神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最尊(zun)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)万物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宗(zong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)主，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)别代(dai)异姓曲有(you)感助。经称“帝(di)立子生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)商(shang)(shang)”，谓(wei)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)《周颂(song)(song)》所(suo)(suo)咏(yong)，靡神(shen)不(bu)(bu)举，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)无圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)何(he)(he)独(du)舍(she)其(qi)感生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)，而(er)(er)远述(shu)昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)乎(hu)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)及(ji)(ji)，亲庙与太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)已，而(er)(er)此(ci)(ci)经历言(yan)玄王(wang)(wang)相土，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)时(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所(suo)(suo)及(ji)(ji)，又(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)庙夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)年(nian)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，郑(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)《禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祫志》推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)各(ge)就(jiu)其(qi)庙。今此(ci)(ci)篇上(shang)述(shu)商(shang)(shang)国所(suo)(suo)兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由，历陈前世(shi)有(you)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)各(ge)就(jiu)其(qi)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)知非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)五(wu)年(nian)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼诸(zhu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)此(ci)(ci)篇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故(gu)知此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，唯是(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)耳。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)引《礼(li)记(ji)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)引者(zhe)，《丧(sang)服小(xiao)记(ji)》及(ji)(ji)《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)此(ci)(ci)文(wen)。《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)曰(yue)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)。自(zi)，由也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)先(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)所(suo)(suo)由生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，谓(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)感太(tai)微五(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，苍则(ze)(ze)(ze)灵威(wei)仰，赤(chi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)赤(chi)熛怒(nu)，黄(huang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)含枢纽，白则(ze)(ze)(ze)白招拒，黑(hei)则(ze)(ze)(ze)汁光(guang)纪(ji)(ji)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)正(zheng)岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)月(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，盖(gai)特尊(zun)焉。《孝经》曰(yue)‘郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)后稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)’，配(pei)灵威(wei)仰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；‘宗(zong)祀(si)(si)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)明堂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)上(shang)帝(di)’谓(wei)汎配(pei)五(wu)帝(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)彼注(zhu)(zhu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)汁光(guang)纪(ji)(ji)，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)岁(sui)正(zheng)月(yue)於(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)此(ci)(ci)序谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易纬》称“三(san)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，一用(yong)(yong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)正(zheng)”，故(gu)知郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)正(zheng)岁(sui)正(zheng)月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑(zheng)志》赵商(shang)(shang)问：“此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)案《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》‘殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)喾而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming)(ming)’，又(you)(you)《丧(sang)服小(xiao)记(ji)》及(ji)(ji)《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)》皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)自(zi)出(chu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’，注(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)喾配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，亦(yi)宜(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)圜丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，不(bu)(bu)审云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)何(he)(he)？”答曰(yue)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)后稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)，其(qi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)从(cong)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)注(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)，诗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，探(tan)意(yi)大(da)(da)(da)过，得无诬(wu)乎(hu)？禘(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)共云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。”是(shi)郑(zheng)解此(ci)(ci)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《小(xiao)记(ji)》、《大(da)(da)(da)传(chuan)(chuan)》言(yan)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)自(zi)出(chu)者(zhe)，注(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)所(suo)(suo)感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)，而(er)(er)商(shang)(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)帝(di)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)得无诬(wu)乎(hu)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)》称殷(yin)(yin)(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)喾而(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming)(ming)，此(ci)(ci)若郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冥(ming)(ming)配(pei)。而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)冥(ming)(ming)者(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)因(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，歌(ge)(ge)咏(yong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)德(de)，言(yan)其(qi)能(neng)降灵气，祐殷(yin)(yin)(yin)兴(xing)耳。其(qi)意(yi)不(bu)(bu)述(shu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，不(bu)(bu)美所(suo)(suo)配(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。《昊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)成(cheng)命》“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地”，亦(yi)是(shi)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，而(er)(er)辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)稷，何(he)(he)怪此(ci)(ci)篇不(bu)(bu)言(yan)冥(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？马(ma)(ma)昭云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“《长发》，大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)后，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)契(qi)配(pei)。不(bu)(bu)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming)(ming)者(zhe)，异於(wu)(wu)(wu)先(xian)王(wang)(wang)，故(gu)其(qi)诗咏(yong)契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)。宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)无圆(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，唯以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，且(qie)欲别之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)。”此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)？名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)(song)》，是(shi)商(shang)(shang)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song)(song)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗，安得云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，契(qi)配(pei)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？《谱》称“三(san)王(wang)(wang)有(you)受命中(zhong)兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，时(shi)有(you)作(zuo)诗颂(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)殷(yin)(yin)(yin)时(shi)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，理在(zai)不(bu)(bu)惑。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，虚(xu)妄(wang)何(he)(he)甚！而(er)(er)马(ma)(ma)昭虽出(chu)郑(zheng)门(men)，其(qi)言(yan)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)郑(zheng)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然，《商(shang)(shang)》非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)诗，而(er)(er)《乐记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“温(wen)良而(er)(er)能(neng)断者(zhe)宜(yi)歌(ge)(ge)《商(shang)(shang)》。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“‘《商(shang)(shang)》，宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)诗’者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)承商(shang)(shang)后，得歌(ge)(ge)《商(shang)(shang)颂(song)(song)》，非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)谓(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
濬哲维商，长发其祥。洪水芒芒，禹敷下土方。外大国是疆，幅陨既长。濬，深。洪，大也。诸夏为外幅广也。陨，均也。笺云：长，犹久也。陨当作“圆”。圆，谓周也。深知乎维商家之德也，久发见其祯祥矣。乃用洪水，禹敷下土，正四方，定诸夏，广大其竟界之时，始有王天下之萌兆，历虞、夏之世，故为久也。
○濬音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)峻。悊音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)哲，字(zi)或作“哲”。芒音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亡，依韵音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)忙。疆，居良(liang)反(fan)。竟，界也。幅，方(fang)目(mu)反(fan)。陨音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)圆(yuan)(yuan)，徐于贫反(fan)。夏，户雅反(fan)。下(xia)皆同(tong)。圜(yuan)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)还，又音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)圆(yuan)(yuan)。知音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)智(zhi)。见(jian)，贤遍反(fan)。祯(zhen)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)贞，祥也。竟音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)境。王(wang)天下(xia)，于况反(fan)。下(xia)“汤王(wang)”、“言王(wang)之(zhi)”、“王(wang)德(de)”皆同(tong)。
有(you)(you)娀方将(jiang)，帝(di)立子(zi)生(sheng)商(shang)(shang)。有(you)(you)娀，契(qi)母也(ye)。将(jiang)，大也(ye)。契(qi)生(sheng)商(shang)(shang)也(ye)。笺(jian)云：帝(di)，黑(hei)帝(di)也(ye)。禹(yu)敷下土之(zhi)时，有(you)(you)娀氏之(zhi)国亦(yi)始广大。有(you)(you)女简(jian)狄(di)，吞(tun)鳦卵而(er)生(sheng)契(qi)，尧封之(zhi)於(wu)商(shang)(shang)，后汤(tang)王因以为(wei)天下号，故(gu)云“帝(di)立子(zi)生(sheng)商(shang)(shang)”。
[疏]“濬哲”至“生商”。
○毛以为，有深智者维我商家之德也。昔在前世，久发见其祯祥矣。其祥之见在何时乎？往者唐尧之末，有大水芒芒然，有大禹者敷广下土，以正四方，京师之外，大国於是画其疆境，令使中国广大均平，既已长远矣。於是时，契已佐禹，是其祯祥久见也。又说商兴之由。有娀氏之女，方欲长大之时，天为之生立其子，而使之生商。谓上天祐契，使贤而生有商国也。
○郑以陨为圆，言中国广大而圆周也。有娀方将，谓有娀之国方始广大。黑帝凭依简狄，使之有子，立其子使生商国。其文义略同。
○传“濬深”至“陨均”。
○正义曰：“濬，深”，《释言》文。“洪，大”，《释诂》文。诸夏为外，对京师为内也。幅，如布帛之幅，故为广也。王肃云：“外诸夏大国也。京师为内，诸夏为外。言禹外画九州境界，内平治水土，中国既广，已平均且长也。”
○笺“陨当”至“为久”。
○正义曰：笺云“深智乎维商家之德”者，总叹商家深智，不指斥一人也。禹敷下土，广大其境界之时，正谓水害既除，辅成五服之时也。始有王天下之萌兆，谓契能佐禹治水，敬敷五教，功被当世，故后嗣克昌，是其王之萌兆也。尔时已有萌兆，即是久见其祥。比至成汤之兴，历虞、夏之世，故为久也。
○传“有娀”至“生商”。
○正义曰：有娀，契母之姓，妇人以姓为字，故云“有娀，契母也”。“将，大”，《释诂》文。谓契母方成大之时，天为生立其子商者。成汤，王天下一代之大号。此商之有天下，其本由契而来，故言契生商也。诗言商兴所由，止须言契而已。上句乃述禹敷下土者，以契、禹俱事帝尧，皆有大功，故将欲论契，先言洪水也。
○笺“帝黑”至“广大”。
○正义(yi)曰：禘者(zhe)(zhe)，郊天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，郊祭所感之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)。商是(shi)水德黑帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精，故云“黑帝(di)”，谓(wei)汁光纪也。且(qie)以下云“玄王”，故以黑帝(di)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以有(you)娀(song)(song)是(shi)简(jian)(jian)狄国(guo)(guo)名，非简(jian)(jian)狄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身，言“有(you)娀(song)(song)方将”，不得(de)为(wei)简(jian)(jian)狄长(zhang)大，故以为(wei)禹敷下土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，有(you)娀(song)(song)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)亦始广大也。有(you)娀(song)(song)氏国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小，非复(fu)商家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，而言及之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，君子言人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，务欲加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因其国(guo)(guo)实广大，见简(jian)(jian)狄为(wei)大国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)，犹《大明》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian)言挚莘也。
玄王桓拨，受小国是达，受大国是达。率履不越，遂视既发。玄王，契也。桓，大。拨，治。履，礼也。笺云：承黑帝而立子，故谓契为玄王。遂犹徧也。发，行也。玄王广大其政治，始尧封之商，为小国，舜之末年，乃益其土地为大国，皆能达其教令。使其民循礼，不得逾越，乃徧省视之，教令则尽行也。
○拨(bo)，本末反，《韩诗(shi)》作“发”。发，明也。徧音遍(bian)。下同(tong)。治(zhi)，直吏(li)反。
[疏]传“玄王”至“履礼”。
○正义曰：上言有娀生子，此句即言玄王，故知玄王即契也。且《国语》云：“玄王勤商，十四世而兴。”玄王为契明矣。“履，礼”，《释言》文。《公羊传》云：“拨乱世。”谓治乱世，故以拨为治也。
○笺“承黑”至“尽行”。
○正(zheng)义曰：笺以(yi)(yi)契(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)又(you)(you)非谥，解其称玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，黑色(se)之(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)。以(yi)(yi)其承(cheng)(cheng)黑帝立(li)子，故(gu)谓契(qi)(qi)为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)汤有(you)(you)天下而(er)称王(wang)(wang)(wang)，契(qi)(qi)即汤之(zhi)(zhi)始祖，亦以(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)言之(zhi)(zhi)。《尚书·武成》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)稷(ji)。”《国(guo)语》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔我先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)稷(ji)。”又(you)(you)曰：“我先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)窋。”韦昭云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“周之(zhi)(zhi)禘祫文、武，不(bu)(bu)先(xian)不(bu)(bu)窋，故(gu)通谓之(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。《商(shang)颂》亦以(yi)(yi)契(qi)(qi)为(wei)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，是(shi)其为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)祖，故(gu)呼为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，非追号为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)广大(da)(da)其政治，正(zheng)谓达(da)其教令。”是(shi)也(ye)。知尧封(feng)为(wei)小(xiao)国(guo)，舜益为(wei)大(da)(da)国(guo)者(zhe)，《中候握河纪》说尧云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“斯封(feng)稷(ji)、契(qi)(qi)、皋(gao)陶，赐(ci)姓号。”是(shi)尧封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。《考河命》说舜之(zhi)(zhi)事云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“褒赐(ci)群臣，赏爵有(you)(you)功(gong)，稷(ji)、契(qi)(qi)、皋(gao)陶益土地(di)。”是(shi)舜益地(di)为(wei)大(da)(da)国(guo)也(ye)。自殷以(yi)(yi)上，大(da)(da)国(guo)百里。《握河纪》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“稷(ji)、契(qi)(qi)，公(gong)也(ye)。”公(gong)即周礼(li)(li)三公(gong)八命，其出封(feng)加一等(deng)。然则尧之(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)契(qi)(qi)，已应百里，便是(shi)土地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)极。而(er)舜又(you)(you)益之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其身有(you)(you)大(da)(da)功(gong)，特(te)加褒赐(ci)，如周之(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)鲁、卫之(zhi)(zhi)属，越礼(li)(li)特(te)赐(ci)。既赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，不(bu)(bu)必止於百里而(er)已。“率(lv)履不(bu)(bu)越”，文承(cheng)(cheng)“是(shi)达(da)”之(zhi)(zhi)下，明民(min)从(cong)政化，非契(qi)(qi)身率(lv)礼(li)(li)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“使(shi)其民(min)循礼(li)(li)，不(bu)(bu)得逾越，徧(bian)省(sheng)视之(zhi)(zhi)，教令则尽行”，即是(shi)达(da)之(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)。
相土烈烈，海外有截。相土，契孙也。烈烈，威也。笺云：截，整齐也。相土居夏后之世，承契之业，入为王官之伯，出长诸侯，其威武之盛烈烈然，四海之外率服截尔整齐。
○相，息(xi)亮(liang)反。注“相土(tu)”皆(jie)同。截，才结反。长，张丈(zhang)反。
[疏]笺“截整”至“整齐”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：截者，斩(zhan)断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，故为整齐(qi)也。相(xiang)土是(shi)(shi)昭(zhao)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子，契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙也，故云(yun)(yun)“居(ju)夏后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，承(cheng)契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业”。契(qi)封(feng)商国，相(xiang)土嗣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，止(zhi)为一(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)而已(yi)，不(bu)得(de)威(wei)行海外。今云(yun)(yun)“海外有截”，故知“入为王(wang)(wang)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)，出长诸侯”也。僖四(si)(si)(si)年《左传(chuan)》管仲说太公(gong)(gong)为王(wang)(wang)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)云(yun)(yun)：“五侯九(jiu)伯(bo)，汝实征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以夹辅周(zhou)室。”是(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)，分(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)东西，得(de)征(zheng)其(qi)所职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)，故得(de)云(yun)(yun)“威(wei)武烈烈然(ran)，而四(si)(si)(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外截尔整齐(qi)”。分(fen)主(zhu)(zhu)东西，则威(wei)加一(yi)面而已(yi)，而云(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)海者，不(bu)知所主(zhu)(zhu)何方(fang)，故总举四(si)(si)(si)海言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。截然(ran)整齐(qi)，谓(wei)守(shou)其(qi)所职，不(bu)敢内侵(qin)外畔也。王(wang)(wang)肃(su)云(yun)(yun)：“相(xiang)土能(neng)继契(qi)，四(si)(si)(si)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外截然(ran)整齐(qi)而治(zhi)，言(yan)有烈烈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)。则相(xiang)土在(zai)夏为司马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职，掌征(zheng)伐(fa)也。说《春秋(qiu)》者亦以太公(gong)(gong)为司马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官，故得(de)征(zheng)五侯九(jiu)伯(bo)。”与郑异也。
帝命不违，至于汤齐。至汤与天心齐。笺云：帝命不违者，天之所以命契之事，世世行之，其德浸大，至於汤而当天心。
○汤、齐(qi)如字。浸，子(zi)鸩反。
汤降不迟，圣敬日跻。昭假迟迟，上帝是祗。帝命式于九围。不迟，言疾也。跻，升也。九围，九州也。笺云：降，下。假，暇。祗，敬。式，用也。汤之下士尊贤甚疾，其圣敬之德日进。然而以其德聪明宽暇天下之人迟迟然。言急於已而缓於人，天用是故爱敬之也。天於是又命之，使用事於天下。言王之也。
○日(ri)跻(ji)，子(zi)兮反，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注《礼记》读(du)上为汤跻(ji)，读(du)此为日(ri)斋。斋，庄也(ye)(ye)。假，古雅反，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)：“暇(xia)也(ye)(ye)。”徐云(yun)：“毛(mao)音格，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)音暇(xia)。”案王(wang)(wang)肃训(xun)假为至(zhi)，格是王(wang)(wang)音也(ye)(ye)。沈云(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)笺(jian)云(yun)宽暇(xia)，以(yi)此义训(xun)，非改字也(ye)(ye)。”祗，诸时反。下士，遐嫁反。
[疏]“帝命”至“九围”。
○正义曰：上陈玄王相土，论商兴所由。此下皆述成汤，指言兴事。言天之所以命契之事，自契之后，世世行而不违失，天心虽已渐大，未能行同於天。至於成汤，而动合天意，然后与天心齐也。因说成汤之行。汤之下士尊贤，甚疾而不迟也。其圣明恭敬之德，日升而不退也。以其聪明宽暇天下之人，迟迟然而舒缓也。上天以是之故，常爱敬之，故天命之，使用事於九州，为天下王也。
○传“至汤与天心齐”。
○正义曰：言至汤者，谓从契而至汤也。自契以后，虽则不违天命，未能齐於天心。至汤而与之齐，以为渐大之意也。上言帝命，即云汤齐，故知汤所与齐，唯天心耳。《易》称“圣人与天地合其德”，此之谓也。传以此为汤齐，甚分明矣。而《孔子閒居》注云：“《诗》读汤齐为汤跻者，言三家《诗》有读为跻者也。”
○笺“帝命”至“天心”。
○正义曰：契无受命之事矣，而云天命契者，正谓授以上智之性，使之佐舜有功，建国於商，德垂后裔，是天所以命契之事也。汤以孤圣，独兴父祖，未有王迹，而云其德浸大者，以言至於汤齐，又为渐高之势，故述其意，言浸大耳。定本作“浸”字。其实相土至汤，有令闻者，唯其冥勤其官而水死耳，其馀不能渐大也。
○传“跻升”至“九州”。
○正义曰：“跻，升”，《释诂》文。谓九州为九围者，盖以九分天下，各为九处规围然，故谓之九围也。
○笺“降下”至“於人”。
○正义曰：“降，下(xia)。式，用”，《释言(yan)(yan)》文(wen)。“祗，敬”，《释诂》文(wen)。假者，假借之义，故为暇也(ye)。汤为天(tian)(tian)子(zi)，而(er)云(yun)汤降，故知下(xia)者是下(xia)士(shi)尊贤(xian)也(ye)。《晋语》宋公孙(sun)固说(shuo)公子(zi)重耳之德，引此(ci)诗乃(nai)云(yun)：“降，有礼(li)之谓也(ye)。”是亦以此(ci)为下(xia)贤(xian)也(ye)。宽暇天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之人，谓不责人所不能，驭之舒(shu)缓也(ye)。待士(shi)则疾，驭下(xia)则舒(shu)，言(yan)(yan)其急(ji)於(wu)已而(er)缓於(wu)人也(ye)。
受小球大球，为下国缀旒，何天之休。球，玉。缀，表。旒，章也。笺云：缀，犹结也。旒，旌旗之垂者也。休，美也。汤既为天所命，则受小玉，谓尺二寸圭也。受大玉，谓珽也，长三尺。执圭搢珽，以与诸侯会同，结定其心，如旌旗之旒縿著焉。担负天之美誉，为众所归乡。
○球音求，美玉也(ye)。下(xia)同(tong)。缀，陟劣反，徐又张卫(wei)反，毛云“表也(ye)”，郑(zheng)云“结也(ye)”。下(xia)同(tong)。休，虚虬反。珽，吐顶(ding)反。天子玉笏长(zhang)三(san)尺，杼上终葵首(shou)。长(zhang)，直亮反。縿，所(suo)御(yu)反。著(zhu)，直略反。乡，本亦作“乡”，许亮反。下(xia)篇同(tong)。
不竞不絿，不刚不柔，敷政优优，百禄是遒。絿，急也。优优，和也。遒，聚也。笺云：竞，逐也。不逐，不与人争前后。
○絿音求，徐音虬。遒，子(zi)由反(fan)，又在(zai)由反(fan)。
[疏]“受小球”至“是遒”。
○毛以为，上言用事九围，此言用事之实。汤之用事也，受小球玉，谓尺二寸之镇圭也，大球玉，谓三尺之珽也。受此二玉，以作天子，为下国诸侯之表章，能荷负天之美誉也。又述汤之行，能致美誉之由。汤之性行，不争竞，不急躁，不大刚猛，不大柔弱，举事具得其中，敷陈政教则优优而和美，以此之故，百众之禄於是聚而归之。福禄聚归，能荷之也。郑唯下国缀旒为异。言汤受二玉，与诸侯而会同。诸侯心系天子，如旌旗之旒缀著於縿。馀同。
○传“球玉”至“旒章”。
○正义曰：《禹贡》“雍州厥贡球琳琅玕”，是球为玉之名也。缀之为表，其训未闻。冕之所垂，及旌旗之饰，皆谓之旒。旒者，所以章，明贵贱，故为章也。
○笺“缀犹”至“著焉”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《内则(ze)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“衣裳绽裂，纫(ren)箴请补缀(zhui)(zhui)。”是缀(zhui)(zhui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)连结之义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。又襄十(shi)六年(nian)《公羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)若赘旒(liu)(liu)(liu)然(ran)。”言诸(zhu)侯(hou)反系属(shu)於(wu)大(da)(da)(da)夫也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言缀(zhui)(zhui)旒(liu)(liu)(liu)，文与(yu)彼(bi)同，明(ming)以旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喻，故易传以缀(zhui)(zhui)犹结也(ye)(ye)，旒(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)之垂也(ye)(ye)。《秋官·大(da)(da)(da)行人(ren)(ren)》及《考(kao)工记》说旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)之事(shi)，皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九旒(liu)(liu)(liu)、七旒(liu)(liu)(liu)。《尔雅》说旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“练旒(liu)(liu)(liu)九”。是旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)垂者(zhe)名(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旒(liu)(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)。言受(shou)小(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)、大(da)(da)(da)玉(yu)者(zhe)，此(ci)小(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)、大(da)(da)(da)玉(yu)是天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之器，非为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不得执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。汤既为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)所(suo)命，则(ze)得用(yong)之，是受(shou)之於(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，故言受(shou)也(ye)(ye)。知小(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)，谓(wei)(wei)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)二(er)寸圭(gui)，大(da)(da)(da)玉(yu)，谓(wei)(wei)珽(ting)长(zhang)三尺(chi)(chi)(chi)者(zhe)，《考(kao)工记·玉(yu)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，“大(da)(da)(da)圭(gui)长(zhang)三尺(chi)(chi)(chi)，杼(zhu)上终(zhong)葵首，天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)服之。镇(zhen)圭(gui)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)二(er)寸，天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)守之”，所(suo)服所(suo)守，唯此(ci)二(er)玉(yu)，故知也(ye)(ye)。《春官·典瑞(rui)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王(wang)搢(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)圭(gui)，执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)圭(gui)，藻五采五就，以朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)。”《觐礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)乘龙，载大(da)(da)(da)旂，象(xiang)日(ri)(ri)月，升龙降(jiang)龙。出拜日(ri)(ri)於(wu)东(dong)门之外，反祀方(fang)明(ming)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)谓(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)同以春者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”引《朝(chao)事(shi)仪》曰(yue)(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)冕而执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)圭(gui)尺(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)二(er)寸，乘大(da)(da)(da)辂(lu)，率诸(zhu)侯(hou)朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)於(wu)东(dong)郊，所(suo)以教(jiao)尊尊也(ye)(ye)。退而见诸(zhu)侯(hou)。”由此(ci)而言，知朝(chao)日(ri)(ri)与(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)同，俱是执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圭(gui)搢(jin)(jin)(jin)珽(ting)。今(jin)言受(shou)小(xiao)(xiao)玉(yu)、大(da)(da)(da)玉(yu)，即云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下国缀(zhui)(zhui)旒(liu)(liu)(liu)，故知执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圭(gui)搢(jin)(jin)(jin)珽(ting)与(yu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)(hui)同，结定(ding)其(qi)心，如旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)之旒(liu)(liu)(liu)縿结著(zhu)焉也(ye)(ye)。定(ding)本云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“如旌旗(qi)(qi)(qi)之縿旒(liu)(liu)(liu)著(zhu)焉”此(ci)言执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圭(gui)搢(jin)(jin)(jin)珽(ting)，而《玉(yu)人(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冒四寸，以朝(chao)诸(zhu)侯(hou)”者(zhe)，此(ci)谓(wei)(wei)国外会(hui)(hui)同，彼(bi)谓(wei)(wei)在(zai)国受(shou)朝(chao)也(ye)(ye)，故《玉(yu)人(ren)(ren)》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“名(ming)玉(yu)曰(yue)(yue)冒者(zhe)，言其(qi)德能覆冒天(tian)(tian)(tian)下也(ye)(ye)。四寸者(zhe)，方(fang)以尊接卑，以小(xiao)(xiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贵(gui)。”是为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)国受(shou)朝(chao)，下诸(zhu)侯(hou)，故执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冒也(ye)(ye)。
受小共大共，为下国骏厖，何天之龙。共，法。骏，大。厖，厚。龙，和也。笺云：共，执也。小共、大共，犹所执搢小球、大球也。骏之言俊也。龙当作“宠”。宠，荣名之谓。
○小共(gong)、大共(gong)，毛(mao)音(yin)(yin)恭，郑(zheng)音(yin)(yin)拱，执也(ye)。一云“毛(mao)亦音(yin)(yin)拱”。骏音(yin)(yin)峻，郑(zheng)“俊(jun)也(ye)”。又一云“毛(mao)亦作俊(jun)读(du)”。厖，莫邦反，徐(xu)云“郑(zheng)音(yin)(yin)武讲反”，是叶拱及宠韵也(ye)。龙，毛(mao)如字，郑(zheng)作“宠”。
敷奏其勇，不震不动，不戁不竦，百禄是緫。戁，恐。竦，惧也。笺云：不震不动，不可惊惮也。
○傅音(yin)孚，本亦(yi)作“敷”。戁，奴版反。竦，小勇(yong)反。緫，子孔反，本又作“鬷(zong)”，音(yin)宗。恐，曲勇(yong)反。惮，末丹反。
[疏]“受小”至“是緫”。
○毛以为，此又言成汤之用事也。受小玉之法，受大玉之法，施之诸侯，成诸侯之性行，为下国之大纯厚，能荷负天之和道也。又述成汤之行，能荷天之和道所由。汤之陈进其勇，不可震，不可动，不戁恐，不竦惧。所征无敌，克平天下，百众之禄於是总聚而归之，故能荷天之和道也。
○郑以为，此又覆述上章，言汤受小玉而执之，受大玉而执之，执此二玉，与诸侯会同，为下国作英俊厚德之君，能荷负天之荣宠。馀同。
○传“共法”至“宠和”。
○正义曰：传读共为恭敬之恭，故为法也。“骏，大。厖，厚”，《释诂》文。龙之为和，其训未闻。言小法、大法，正谓执圭搢珽，与诸侯为法也。言为下国大厚，谓成其志性，使大纯厚也。王肃云：“言汤为之立法，成下国之性，使之大厚，乃荷任天之和道也。”
○笺“共执”至“之谓”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：“拱(gong)(gong)，执(zhi)(zhi)”，《释(shi)诂(gu)》文(wen)。以此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)文(wen)类於上(shang)，玉必(bi)以手执(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)，故(gu)易传以为小(xiao)拱(gong)(gong)、大(da)拱(gong)(gong)，犹所(suo)执(zhi)(zhi)搢小(xiao)球、大(da)球也(ye)。大(da)球实搢之(zhi)，而(er)言(yan)执(zhi)(zhi)者，将(jiang)搢亦(yi)执(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)同(tong)言(yan)拱(gong)(gong)也(ye)。又以上(shang)言(yan)缀旒为诸侯之(zhi)所(suo)系属，则(ze)知此(ci)(ci)言(yan)骏厖亦(yi)是诸侯之(zhi)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)子，故(gu)读骏为俊，言(yan)成汤与诸侯作(zuo)英俊厚(hou)德之(zhi)君也(ye)。又荷(he)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)龙，与上(shang)荷(he)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)休，其文(wen)相值。休为美誉(yu)，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)宜(yi)(yi)为荣名(ming)，且(qie)韵(yun)宜(yi)(yi)为宠(chong)，故(gu)易之(zhi)也(ye)。
武王载旆，有虔秉钺，如火烈烈，则莫我敢曷。武王，汤也。旆，旗也。虔，固。曷，害也。笺云：有之言又也。上既美其刚柔得中，勇毅不惧，於是有武功，有王德。及建旆兴师出伐，又固持其钺，志在诛有罪也。其威势如猛火之炎炽，谁敢御害我。
○旆，蒲具反。钺音越。中，张仲反。苞有三蘖，莫遂莫达。九有有截，苞，本。蘖，馀也。笺云：苞，丰也。天丰大先三正之后，世谓居以大国，行天子之礼乐，然而无有能以德自遂达於天者，故天下归乡汤，九州齐一截然。
○蘖，五葛(ge)反，《韩诗》云：“色(se)也。”
韦顾既伐，昆吾夏桀。有韦国者，有顾国者，有昆吾国者。笺云：韦，豕韦，彭姓也。顾、昆吾，皆己姓也。三国党於桀恶。汤先伐韦、顾，克之。昆吾、夏桀则同时诛也。
○韦(wei)、顾(gu)，二国名也。《汉(han)书(shu)·古今(jin)人表(biao)》作“韦(wei)、鼓(gu)”。已音纪，又(you)音杞。
[疏]“武王”至“夏桀”。
○毛以为，上言成汤进勇，此述为勇之事。有有武功、有王德之成汤，载其旌旗，以出征伐，又能固执其钺，志在诛杀有罪，其威势严猛，如火之炎炽烈烈然，曾无於我成汤敢害之者。又述成汤得众之由。克代既灭，封其支子为王者之后，犹树木，既斩其根本，更有蘖生之条。言夏桀与二王之后，根本之上有三种蘖馀，承藉虽重，必无德行，莫有能以行申遂天意者，莫能以德自达於天者。天下诸国无所归依，故九州诸侯截然齐整一而归汤也。九州诸国既尽归汤，唯有韦、顾、昆吾党桀为恶，成汤於是恭行天罚。韦、顾二国既已伐之，又伐昆吾之与夏桀。群恶既尽，天下廓清，成汤於是乃即真为天子。
○郑唯以苞为丰，言天丰有三正之馀，使为大国而不能遂达，故九州归汤。馀同。
○传“苞，本。蘖，馀”。
○正义曰：《易》称“系于苞桑”，谓桑本，故以苞为本。《盘庚》云“若颠木之有由蘖”，谓本根已颠，更生枝馀，故云蘖馀也。言本有三馀，谓上世受命创基之君为之本，当时二王之后及今夏桀是其馀也。其意与笺言“三正之后”亦同。
○笺“苞丰”至“截然”。
○正义曰：“苞，丰”，《释诂》文。以此诗之旨，言国之大者，不得天意，故使诸国一时归汤。而云丰有三蘖，蘖者，树木於根本之上更生枝馀之名，则知三蘖皆诸帝王之后也。《郊特牲》称王者存二代之后，犹尊贤也。尊贤不过二代，则是先代有二，与今王为三也，故云“天丰大先三正之后，世谓居以大国，行天子之礼乐”也。三正者，谓夏与唐、虞也。正朔三而改，夏以建寅为正，则舜当以建子，尧当以建丑，是之谓三正也。桀为天子，与二王之后尊卑不类，但三者俱得行其正朔，故与桀同称三也。以三者承藉馀绪，国大礼盛，宜为天下所归，而不能以德自达，故天下归汤，美汤以小国而得天意也。莫达，谓不能以德自达，则莫遂谓不能以行申遂天意也。
○笺“韦豕”至“时诛”。
○正义(yi)曰：《郑语》云(yun)：“祝融其后(hou)八姓，下历数之，已姓昆(kun)吾(wu)、顾、温，彭(peng)姓豕韦(wei)，则商(shang)灭之矣。”故知韦(wei)即豕韦(wei)，彭(peng)姓也(ye)。顾与昆(kun)吾(wu)皆己姓也(ye)。《郑语》又(you)云(yun)：“豕韦(wei)为(wei)(wei)商(shang)伯(bo)(bo)。”此已灭之，又(you)得为(wei)(wei)商(shang)伯(bo)(bo)者，成汤(tang)伐(fa)(fa)之，不(bu)灭其国，故子孙得更兴为(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)。为(wei)(wei)汤(tang)所(suo)伐(fa)(fa)，明与桀(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)心，故知三国党於(wu)桀(jie)(jie)恶。昆(kun)吾(wu)、夏(xia)桀(jie)(jie)共文(wen)，在既伐(fa)(fa)之下，故知先伐(fa)(fa)韦(wei)、顾，克之。昆(kun)吾(wu)、夏(xia)桀(jie)(jie)则同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)诛(zhu)。昆(kun)吾(wu)与桀(jie)(jie)，亦(yi)(yi)是成汤(tang)伐(fa)(fa)之，而(er)不(bu)言伐(fa)(fa)者，以(yi)(yi)上句(ju)(ju)言“既伐(fa)(fa)”，足(zu)明下句(ju)(ju)亦(yi)(yi)是伐(fa)(fa)。作(zuo)文(wen)之体，句(ju)(ju)有所(suo)施，以(yi)(yi)其足(zu)相发明，不(bu)须更言伐(fa)(fa)也(ye)。《礼器》云(yun)：“汤(tang)放桀(jie)(jie)，武(wu)王伐(fa)(fa)纣，时(shi)(shi)也(ye)。”则桀(jie)(jie)放而(er)不(bu)诛(zhu)。而(er)云(yun)同(tong)(tong)时(shi)(shi)诛(zhu)者，对则诛(zhu)、放有异，散文(wen)则放之远(yuan)方，亦(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)诛(zhu)也(ye)。昭十(shi)八年《左传(chuan)》云(yun)：“二(er)月(yue)乙(yi)(yi)卯，周毛(mao)得杀毛(mao)伯(bo)(bo)过。苌弘曰：‘毛(mao)得必亡(wang)。是昆(kun)吾(wu)稔之日也(ye)，侈故之以(yi)(yi)。’”言昆(kun)吾(wu)以(yi)(yi)乙(yi)(yi)卯日亡(wang)也(ye)。昆(kun)吾(wu)与桀(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)日诛(zhu)，则桀(jie)(jie)亦(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)乙(yi)(yi)卯日亡(wang)也(ye)，故《檀弓》注云(yun)：“桀(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)乙(yi)(yi)卯亡(wang)。”则亡(wang)日必是乙(yi)(yi)卯，未知何月(yue)也(ye)。
昔在中叶，有震且业。允也天子，降予卿士。叶，世也。业，危也。笺云：中世，谓相土也。震，犹威也。相土始有征伐之威，以为子孙讨恶之业。汤遵而兴之。信也，天命而子之，下予之卿士。谓生贤佐也。《春秋传》曰：“畏君之震，师徒桡败。”
○中如字，又张仲反。桡，女教(jiao)反，一音女卯反，乱也。
实维阿衡，实左右商王。阿衡，伊尹也。左右，助也。笺云：阿，倚。衡，平也。伊尹，汤所依倚而取平，故以为官名。商王，汤也。
○左音(yin)佐(zuo)。注同(tong)。右(you)音(yin)又。注同(tong)。倚，於绮反。下(xia)同(tong)。
[疏]“昔在”至“商王”。
○毛以为，既言成汤伐桀，又上本未兴之时，及得臣之助。云昔在中间之世，谓成汤之前，商为诸侯之国，有震惧而且危怖矣。至於成汤，乃有圣德。信也，上天子而爱之，下大贤之人予之，使为卿士。此卿士者，实为阿衡之官，实佐助我成汤，故能克桀而有天下。此皆上天之力，高宗祭又得礼，故因大禘之祭，述而歌也。
○郑以为，昔在中世，谓相土之时，有征伐之威，且为子孙讨恶之业，故成汤亦遵用其道。皇天子而爱之。馀同。
○笺“中世”至“桡败”。
○正义曰：传以业为危，则汤未兴之前，国弱而危惧也。笺易之者，以此篇上述玄王相土，言至汤而齐於天心，则是自契以来，作渐盛之势，不应於此方言上世衰弱，故易传也。以上言相土烈烈威服海外，是相土有征伐之威，为子孙讨恶之业也。所引《春秋传》者，成二年《左传》文。引之者，证震得为威之义。
○传“阿衡”至“右助”。
○正(zheng)义曰：以(yi)言左右商王，则(ze)是功最大者。成(cheng)汤佐(zuo)命之(zhi)臣，唯伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)耳，故知(zhi)阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)是伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)。伊(yi)(yi)是其(qi)氏。尹(yin)(yin)，正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。言其(qi)能正(zheng)天下，故谓之(zhi)伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)。阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)则(ze)其(qi)官(guan)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。《君奭》曰：“在(zai)昔成(cheng)汤，既受(shou)命，时则(ze)有(you)若伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)，格(ge)于皇(huang)天。在(zai)太(tai)甲，时则(ze)有(you)若保(bao)(bao)衡(heng)(heng)，格(ge)于上帝。”注云：“伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)名(ming)挚，汤以(yi)为阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)。至(zhi)太(tai)甲改曰保(bao)(bao)衡(heng)(heng)。阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)、保(bao)(bao)衡(heng)(heng)皆公官(guan)。”然则(ze)伊(yi)(yi)尹(yin)(yin)、挚、阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)、保(bao)(bao)衡(heng)(heng)一人(ren)也(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)注阿(a)衡(heng)(heng)为公官(guan)，此言卿士者，三公兼卿士也(ye)(ye)。
《长发》七章(zhang)(zhang)，一章(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)句，四章(zhang)(zhang)章(zhang)(zhang)七句，一章(zhang)(zhang)九句，一章(zhang)(zhang)六句。
《殷武》，祀(si)高(gao)宗也。
[疏]“《殷武》六章，首章六句，二章七句，三章五句，四章、五章章六句，卒章七句”至“高宗”。
○正义曰：《殷武(wu)》诗(shi)者，祀高(gao)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)乐歌也(ye)。高(gao)宗(zong)前世，殷道(dao)中衰，宫室(shi)(shi)不修，荆(jing)(jing)楚(chu)背叛。高(gao)宗(zong)有(you)德，中兴(xing)殷道(dao)，伐荆(jing)(jing)楚(chu)，修宫室(shi)(shi)。既崩之(zhi)(zhi)后，子孙美之(zhi)(zhi)。诗(shi)人(ren)追(zhui)述(shu)其(qi)功而(er)歌此诗(shi)也(ye)。经六章(zhang)(zhang)，首章(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)伐楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)功，二(er)章(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)责(ze)楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)义，三章(zhang)(zhang)、四(si)章(zhang)(zhang)、五(wu)章(zhang)(zhang)述(shu)其(qi)告晓荆(jing)(jing)楚(chu)，卒章(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)其(qi)修治寝庙(miao)，皆是高(gao)宗(zong)生存所行，故於(wu)祀而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)，以美高(gao)宗(zong)也(ye)。
挞彼殷武，奋伐荆楚。{罒米}入其阻，裒荆之旅，挞，疾意也。殷武，殷王武丁也。荆楚，荆州之楚国也。{罒米}，深。裒，聚也。笺云：有锺鼓曰伐。{罒米}，冒也。殷道衰而楚人叛，高宗挞然奋扬威武，出兵伐之，冒入其险阻，谓逾方城之隘，克其军率，而俘虏其士众。
○挞，他达反(fan)，《韩诗》云：“达也。”{罒米}，面规(gui)反(fan)，《说文》作“冞(mi)”，从内、米，云：“冒也。”阻，庄吕反(fan)，险(xian)也。裒，蒲侯反(fan)。冒，莫(mo)报反(fan)。下(xia)同。隘(ai)，於懈反(fan)，窄也。俘音孚(fu)，囚也。
有截其所，汤孙之绪。笺云：绪，业也。所，犹处也。高宗所伐之处，国邑皆服其罪，更自敕整截然齐壹，是乃汤孙大甲之等功业。
○处，昌虑反。下同。
[疏]“挞彼”至“之绪”。
○毛以为，挞然而疾者，彼殷王之武丁也。又言其疾之意。乃能奋扬其威武，往伐荆楚之国，深入其险阻之内，聚荆国之人众，俘虏而以归也。既伐楚克之，则无往不服。有截然而齐整者，其高宗往伐之处所，是高宗之功，乃汤之为人子孙之业也。美高宗之伐与汤同也。郑以{罒米}为冒，又以汤孙之绪为太甲之等功业，高宗之功与太甲之等同也。馀同。
○传“挞疾”至“裒聚”。
○正义曰：挞，疾，是速疾之意。言伐楚之疾也。述高宗而言殷武，故知是殷王武丁也。定本直云“殷武，武丁也”。荆是州名，楚是国名，故云荆州之楚也。周有天下，始封熊绎为楚子。於武丁之世，不知楚君何人也。{罒米}者，深入之意，故为深也。“裒，聚”，《释诂》文。
○笺“有锺”至“士众”。
○正义曰：“有锺鼓曰伐”，庄二十九年《左传》文。以其远入险阻，宜为冒突之义，故易传为冒也。僖四年《左传》称，楚大夫屈完对齐桓公曰：“楚国方城以为城，汉水以为池，虽君之众，无所用之。”服虔云：“方城，山也。汉，水名。皆楚之隘塞耳。”今言冒入其阻，故知逾方城之隘。战胜必当俘虏，言聚荆之旅，故知俘虏其士众也。
○笺“绪业”至“功业”。
○正义(yi)曰：《释诂》云(yun)：“业(ye)(ye)，绪也(ye)。”反覆相训，绪得为(wei)(wei)业(ye)(ye)。是乃(nai)汤(tang)(tang)孙太甲(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)功(gong)业(ye)(ye)，言(yan)高宗此功(gong)，同於(wu)太甲(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)殷(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)诸贤王之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)也(ye)。太甲(jia)以下，皆是汤(tang)(tang)孙，故言(yan)“之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)”以包(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)。传於(wu)《那》篇言(yan)“汤(tang)(tang)孙者(zhe)，汤(tang)(tang)为(wei)(wei)人子(zi)孙”，则此亦当然，故王肃云(yun)：“於(wu)所伐截然大(da)(da)治，是汤(tang)(tang)为(wei)(wei)人子(zi)孙之(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)(ye)，大(da)(da)武丁之(zhi)(zhi)伐与汤(tang)(tang)同。”
维女荆楚，居国南乡。昔有成汤，自彼氐羌，莫敢不来享，莫敢不来王，曰商是常。乡，所也。笺云：氐羌，夷狄国在西方者也。享，献也。世见曰王。维女楚国，近在荆州之域，居中国之南方，而背叛乎？成汤之时，乃氐羌远夷之国来献来见，曰“商王是吾常君也”。此所用责楚之义，女乃远夷之不如。
○氐，都啼反(fan)。世见，贤(xian)遍反(fan)。而背音佩。
[疏]笺“氐羌”至“不如”。
○正(zheng)义曰：氐羌(qiang)之(zhi)种，汉世仍(reng)存(cun)，其(qi)(qi)居(ju)在秦陇之(zhi)西，故知在西方者也。“享(xiang)，献(xian)”，《释诂(gu)》文。氐羌(qiang)远夷，一(yi)世而一(yi)见(jian)(jian)於王。以经言(yan)来，故解之(zhi)云“世见(jian)(jian)曰来王”。《秋官·大行人》云：“九州之(zhi)外，谓之(zhi)藩国(guo)(guo)，世一(yi)见(jian)(jian)。”谓其(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)父死(si)子继，及嗣(si)王即位(wei)，乃来朝，是之(zhi)谓世见(jian)(jian)也。言(yan)维汝荆(jing)楚(chu)(chu)，则是以言(yan)告楚(chu)(chu)，故知此(ci)(ci)所用责楚(chu)(chu)之(zhi)义，谓未伐(fa)(fa)之(zhi)前，先以此(ci)(ci)言(yan)告之(zhi)。但此(ci)(ci)诗主美伐(fa)(fa)功，故上章(zhang)先言(yan)伐(fa)(fa)事，此(ci)(ci)章(zhang)尽五章(zhang)以来，更本其(qi)(qi)告责之(zhi)礼耳。
天命多辟，设都于禹之绩。岁事来辟，勿予祸適，稼穑匪解。辟，君。適，过也。笺云：多，众也。来辟，犹来王也。天命乃令天下众君诸侯立都於禹所治之功，以岁时来朝觐於我殷王者，勿罪过与之祸適，徒敕以劝民稼穑，非可解倦。时楚不脩诸侯之职，此所用告晓楚之义也。禹平水土，弼成五服，而诸侯之国定，是以云然。
○多辟音(yin)壁，下同(tong)，注(zhu)(zhu)放此。王音(yin)辟，邪也(ye)。適，直(zhi)革(ge)反，徐张革(ge)反，注(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)；《韩诗(shi)》云：“数也(ye)。”解音(yin)懈。注(zhu)(zhu)同(tong)。朝，直(zhi)遥反。
[疏]“天命”至“匪解”。
○正义曰：此亦责楚之辞。言上天之命，乃令天下众君诸侯，建设都邑於禹所治功处。谓布在九州也。常以岁时行朝觐之事，来见君王。我殷王勿予之患祸，不责其罪过，唯告之以劝民稼穑之事，非得有解惰而已。王者之待诸侯，其义如此。而汝何得不脩诸侯之职，不来朝见王也？
○笺“禹平”至“云然”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：笺以(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立，其(qi)(qi)(qi)来久矣(yi)，非(fei)由禹(yu)(yu)治(zhi)洪(hong)水始建都邑，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)“设(she)都於(wu)禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绩”，故(gu)作(zuo)此(ci)言(yan)以(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《皋陶(tao)谟》云(yun)(yun)：“禹(yu)(yu)曰(yue)：‘予惟荒(huang)(huang)度土(tu)(tu)功(gong)(gong)，弼(bi)(bi)(bi)成(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。’”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“荒(huang)(huang)，奄也(ye)(ye)。奄大九(jiu)州四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)。敷土(tu)(tu)既(ji)毕(bi)，广(guang)辅五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)面各(ge)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，四(si)(si)(si)面相(xiang)距(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)万(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。尧制五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)各(ge)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，要(yao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)曰(yue)九(jiu)州，其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)荒(huang)(huang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)曰(yue)四(si)(si)(si)海(hai)。禹(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)弼(bi)(bi)(bi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)残数，亦每(mei)(mei)(mei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)合五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)有(you)万(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界焉。”又(you)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》云(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”。每(mei)(mei)(mei)言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)一服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)尧旧服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)；每(mei)(mei)(mei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，更言(yan)三百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)、二百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)禹(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)弼(bi)(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)残数也(ye)(ye)。尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)耳(er)。禹(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)水土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，每(mei)(mei)(mei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)更以(yi)(yi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)辅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)别千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)一面而(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)。贾逵、马融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说《尚(shang)书》云(yun)(yun)：“甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)纳总(zong)铚秸粟米者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)特为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)数。其(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)言(yan)三百(bai)(bai)、二百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，还就其(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)别为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)耳(er)，非(fei)是(shi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)外(wai)更有(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)也(ye)(ye)。”《史记》司(si)马迁说，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)小(xiao)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆是(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别名(ming)，大界与尧不(bu)(bu)殊，四(si)(si)(si)面相(xiang)距(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)耳(er)。王肃注(zhu)《尚(shang)书》，总(zong)诸(zhu)义(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)：“贾、马既(ji)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)，郑玄(xuan)尤不(bu)(bu)然矣(yi)。禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)在(zai)於(wu)平(ping)(ping)治(zhi)山(shan)(shan)川，不(bu)(bu)在(zai)於(wu)拓境(jing)广(guang)土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)，三倍於(wu)尧，而(er)(er)(er)《书传》无(wu)称(cheng)(cheng)焉。则郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)创造，难可据信。汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)武，疲弊中国(guo)，甘心夷狄(di)，天(tian)下户口至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)减(jian)太半，然后仅开缘边之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡而(er)(er)(er)已。禹(yu)(yu)方(fang)忧洪(hong)水，三过其(qi)(qi)(qi)门而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)入(ru)(ru)，未(wei)暇以(yi)(yi)征伐(fa)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)。且(qie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，轻重颠倒(dao)，远近失所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，难得而(er)(er)(er)通。先(xian)王规(gui)方(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)均平(ping)(ping)分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，公(gong)、侯(hou)、伯、子、男(nan)使各(ge)有(you)寰宇，而(er)(er)(er)使甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)诸(zhu)侯(hou)皆入(ru)(ru)禾(he)藁，非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。史迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨，盖得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”如(ru)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难，非(fei)无(wu)理(li)也(ye)(ye)。郑不(bu)(bu)然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，何(he)哉(zai)？将(jiang)以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)川带地(di)，土(tu)(tu)境(jing)不(bu)(bu)移(yi)，前圣后圣，义(yi)(yi)终一揆。禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)导山(shan)(shan)川也(ye)(ye)，西(xi)被(bei)流沙，东(dong)渐(jian)沧海(hai)，南距(ju)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)，北(bei)临(lin)碣石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)。经涂所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)亘，万(wan)(wan)有(you)馀(yu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)弼(bi)(bi)(bi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，唯(wei)极五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)(er)(er)远游夷狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表，劳功(gong)(gong)荒(huang)(huang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，复(fu)何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)哉(zai)！又(you)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)制礼(li)，作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，蛮畿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)尚(shang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。舜(shun)禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)应劣於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)世(shi)(shi)，何(he)由土(tu)(tu)境(jing)蹙促(cu)，三倍狭於(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)世(shi)(shi)？又(you)《外(wai)传》称(cheng)(cheng)“禹(yu)(yu)会诸(zhu)侯(hou)于涂山(shan)(shan)，执玉(yu)帛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)万(wan)(wan)国(guo)”。执玉(yu)帛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，唯(wei)中国(guo)耳(er)。若要(yao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)唯(wei)止(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，率以(yi)(yi)下等计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，正(zheng)容六(liu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)馀(yu)国(guo)，况诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大，地(di)方(fang)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，三等分土(tu)(tu)，才至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，安得有(you)万(wan)(wan)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)乎(hu)？唐尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初，协和万(wan)(wan)国(guo)，於(wu)时境(jing)界盖应广(guang)矣(yi)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)洪(hong)水滔天(tian)，烝民(min)不(bu)(bu)粒，土(tu)(tu)地(di)既(ji)削，国(guo)数亦减(jian)，故(gu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界，才至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。洎乎(hu)禹(yu)(yu)治(zhi)洪(hong)水，地(di)平(ping)(ping)天(tian)成(cheng)，灾(zai)害(hai)既(ji)除(chu)，大制疆(jiang)域(yu)，固当复(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)地(di)，而(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，何(he)云(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)在(zai)於(wu)拓境(jing)广(guang)土(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)？若云(yun)(yun)大禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，不(bu)(bu)在(zai)拓境(jing)广(guang)土(tu)(tu)，则武王、周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，岂专以(yi)(yi)境(jing)界为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)能使要(yao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)七千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)乎(hu)？且(qie)经称(cheng)(cheng)“弼(bi)(bi)(bi)成(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)”，若五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)，犹是(shi)尧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧制，何(he)弼(bi)(bi)(bi)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)乎(hu)，而(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)？凡言(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆从(cong)此(ci)到彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，明是(shi)自(zi)京师而(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)四(si)(si)(si)境(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)耳(er)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)面相(xiang)距(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，则设(she)文从(cong)何(he)而(er)(er)(er)往？而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)哉(zai)？汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)武，德非(fei)圣人，乘其(qi)(qi)(qi)六(liu)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资，而(er)(er)(er)与夷狄(di)角力，及开缘边之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郡，境(jing)界逾於(wu)万(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，何(he)由舜(shun)、禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)才至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)？此(ci)乃(nai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证，非(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难也(ye)(ye)。肃意将(jiang)谓(wei)大禹(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德不(bu)(bu)逮於(wu)汉(han)武乎(hu)？何(he)其(qi)(qi)(qi)取譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)类也(ye)(ye)？先(xian)王作(zuo)法，遭时制宜。甸(dian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)，去京未(wei)远，使入(ru)(ru)禾(he)藁，复(fu)何(he)伤乎(hu)？而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)？郑以(yi)(yi)《尚(shang)书》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，上下相(xiang)校(xiao)，禹(yu)(yu)称(cheng)(cheng)“弼(bi)(bi)(bi)成(cheng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)《禹(yu)(yu)贡》历数服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名(ming)，正(zheng)合五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数。参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)、汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)，验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)山(shan)(shan)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)图，则广(guang)万(wan)(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)从(cong)贾、马，别为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)说。
天命降监，下民有严。不僣不滥，不敢怠遑。命于下国，封建厥福。严，敬也。不僣不滥，赏不僣，刑不滥也。封，大也。笺云：降，下。遑，暇也。天命乃下视下民，有严明之君，能明德慎罚，不敢怠惰，自暇於政事者，则命之於小国，以为天子。大立其福，谓命汤使由七十里王天下也。时楚僣号王位，此又所用告晓楚之义。
○僣，子念(nian)反。王(wang)天下，于(yu)况反。
[疏]传“严敬”至“封大”。
○正义曰：“严，敬”，《释诂》文。襄二十六年《左传》曰：“善为国者，赏不僣，刑不滥。赏僣惧及淫人，刑滥惧及善人。”彼文又引此诗，故知“不僣不滥”，谓赏不僣差，刑不滥溢也。定四年《左传》曰：“吴为封豕长蛇。”是封为大之义。
○笺“降下”至“之义”。
○正义曰：“降，下。遑，暇(xia)”，《释(shi)言》文。“明德慎罚”，《康诰》文。《中候契握》曰“曰若稽古王(wang)(wang)汤(tang)，既受(shou)命，兴由七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)起(qi)”。《孟(meng)子(zi)》所云“汤(tang)以(yi)(yi)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)，文王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)百(bai)里(li)”。案契为(wei)上公受(shou)封，舜(shun)之(zhi)末年，又益以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)地，则当为(wei)大国，过百(bai)里(li)矣。而(er)(er)成(cheng)汤(tang)之(zhi)起(qi)，止由七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)，盖汤(tang)之(zhi)前世，有(you)君衰弱，土(tu)(tu)地减削，故至於汤(tang)时止有(you)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)里(li)耳。以(yi)(yi)此经(jing)责楚(chu)之(zhi)辞，而(er)(er)说成(cheng)汤(tang)有(you)明德而(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)天下矣。明是於时楚(chu)僣慢(man)王(wang)(wang)位，故告晓(xiao)之(zhi)。
商邑翼翼，四方之极。赫赫厥声，濯濯厥灵。寿考且宁，以保我后生。商邑，京师也。笺云：极，中也。商邑之礼俗翼翼然可则效，乃四方之中正也。赫赫乎其出政教也，濯濯乎其见尊敬也，王乃寿考且安，以此全守我子孙。此又用商德重告晓楚之义。
○重(zhong)，直(zhi)用反。
[疏]“商邑”至“后生”。
○正(zheng)义曰：此又责楚之辞。言商(shang)王(wang)之都(dou)邑翼(yi)翼(yi)然皆能礼让恭(gong)敬，诚可法则，乃为四方之中正(zheng)也(ye)。赫赫乎显盛者(zhe)，其出政(zheng)教之美声也(ye)。濯(zhuo)濯(zhuo)乎光明(ming)者(zhe)，其见尊敬如神(shen)灵(ling)也(ye)。故(gu)商(shang)王(wang)得寿考(kao)，且又安(an)宁，以(yi)保守(shou)我后嗣所生子。以(yi)我商(shang)家之德(de)盛明(ming)如此，汝何(he)故(gu)敢背叛(pan)不(bu)从我化乎？以(yi)楚不(bu)识商(shang)之明(ming)德(de)，故(gu)告晓(xiao)之。
陟彼景山，松柏丸丸。是断是迁，方斫是虔。松桷有梴，旅楹有闲。寝成孔安。丸丸，易直也。迁，徙。虔，敬也。梴，长貌。旅，陈也。寝，路寝也。笺云：椹谓之虔。升景山，揄材木，取松柏易直者，断而迁之，正斫於椹上，以为桷与众楹。路寝既成，王居之甚安。谓施政教得其所也。高宗之前王，有废政教不脩寝庙者，高宗复成汤之道，故新路寝焉。
○断(duan)音(yin)短。注(zhu)同(tong)。斫，陟(zhi)角反(fan)(fan)(fan)，《说文(wen)》云(yun)：“斫也。”虔，其连反(fan)(fan)(fan)，《尔雅(ya)》作“榩”。桷音(yin)角。梴(chan)，丑连反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)力(li)鳣(shan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，柔(rou)梴(chan)物同(tong)耳(er)，字音(yin)⺶亶，俗(su)作埏。易(yi)，以(yi)豉(chi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。下(xia)同(tong)。椹(shen)，陟(zhi)金(jin)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。抡，鲁门反(fan)(fan)(fan)，择也。沈音(yin)伦，理也。
[疏]“陟彼”至“孔安”。
○毛以为，高宗前王，有废於政教，不修寝庙者。高宗既伐荆楚，四方无事，乃使人升彼大山之上，观松柏之木丸丸然易直者，於是斩断之，於是迁徙之，又方正而斫之。於是之时，工匠皆敬其事，不惰慢也。以松为屋之榱桷，有梴然而长；陈列其楹，有闲然而大。及寝室既成，王居之而甚安矣。美其能脩治寝庙，复故法也。
○郑以榩又为椹，言正斫於椹上。又以旅为众。唯此为异。馀同。
○传“丸丸”至“路寝”。
○正义曰：易直者，言其滑易而调直也。徙，谓徙之来归也。“虔，敬。旅，陈”，《释诂》文。桷者，椽也。椽以长为善，故梴为长貌。王之所居路寝，是寝之尊者，故知谓路寝也。笺亦不解闲义。梴为桷之长貌，则闲为楹之大貌。王肃云：“桷楹以松柏为之，言无彫镂也。陈列其楹。有闲，大貌。”
○笺“椹谓”至“寝焉”。
○正义(yi)曰：“椹谓(wei)之(zhi)榩”，《释宫》文(wen)。孙炎曰：“椹，斫材质也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)其方论(lun)斫※斫楹(ying)桷(jue)，不(bu)(bu)宜言(yan)(yan)敬，故易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地官·山虞》云：“凡邦工(gong)入山抡材不(bu)(bu)禁。”注云：“抡，犹择也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此经(jing)丸(wan)(wan)丸(wan)(wan)之(zhi)文(wen)在斫迁之(zhi)上，是谓(wei)择取易直者，故言(yan)(yan)“升景山，抡材木也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。言(yan)(yan)为桷(jue)与众楹(ying)，则训(xun)旅为众也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)其方始(shi)斫之(zhi)，未宜已为陈(chen)列，故易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)。居(ju)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)所以(yi)(yi)行政(zheng)，政(zheng)不(bu)(bu)得(de)所，王(wang)者不(bu)(bu)安，故知居(ju)之(zhi)甚安，谓(wei)施政(zheng)教得(de)其所也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今美高宗之(zhi)能修(xiu)(xiu)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)庙，明是前王(wang)有(you)废政(zheng)教、不(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)庙者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案《殷本纪(ji)》“盘庚(geng)崩(beng)，弟(di)小辛立(li)。崩(beng)，弟(di)小乙(yi)立(li)。崩(beng)，子武丁立(li)”。盘庚(geng)始(shi)迁於殷，明即(ji)为寝(qin)(qin)(qin)庙。其不(bu)(bu)修(xiu)(xiu)者，盖小辛、小乙(yi)耳。未知谁世，故不(bu)(bu)斥(chi)言(yan)(yan)。经(jing)止有(you)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)耳。笺并言(yan)(yan)庙者，君子将营宫室(shi)，宗庙为先，明亦修(xiu)(xiu)庙，故连言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。经(jing)无庙者，诗人之(zhi)意(yi)主(zhu)美寝(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
《殷(yin)武》六章，三章章六句(ju)，二章章七句(ju)，一(yi)章五句(ju)。
《那(nei)》五篇，十六章(zhang)，百五十四句。