卷四 四之二
◎郑缁衣诂训(xun)传第七
○陆曰：郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者，国(guo)名，周宣(xuan)王母弟桓公(gong)友(you)所(suo)封也(ye)。其地(di)(di)(di)，《诗谱(pu)》云(yun)：“宗周圻内咸林之地(di)(di)(di)，今京兆(zhao)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)县是(shi)其都也(ye)。”《汉书·地(di)(di)(di)理志》云(yun)“京兆(zhao)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)县，周宣(xuan)王弟郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)桓公(gong)邑”，是(shi)也(ye)。至桓公(gong)之子武公(gong)滑突，随平王东迁，遂(sui)灭虢、郐而居之，即史(shi)伯所(suo)云(yun)“十邑之地(di)(di)(di)，右洛左济，前(qian)华后河，食溱、洧焉”。今河南新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)也(ye)，在荥阳宛陵县西南。
郑谱。初，宣王封母弟友於宗周畿内咸林之地，是为郑桓公，今京兆郑县是其都也。
○正义曰：《汉书·地理志》云：“本周宣王母弟友为周司徒，食采於宗周畿内，是为郑桓公。”郑据此为说也。《春秋》之例，母弟称弟，系兄为尊，以异於其馀公子。僖二十四年《左传》曰“郑有厉、宣之亲”，以厉王之子，而兼云宣王，明是其母弟也。服虔、杜预皆云“母弟”。《郑世家》云“宣王庶弟”，皇甫谧亦云“庶弟”。又《史记·年表》云：“郑桓公友，宣王母弟。”《世家》、《年表》同出马迁，而自乖异，是无明文可据也。《地理志》云“京兆郑县，周宣王母弟郑桓公邑”，是桓公封京兆郑县，故云京兆郑县是其都也。其地一曰咸林，故曰“咸林之地”。不先言郑国所在，而本宣王封母弟者，以郑因虢、郐之地而国之，而郐亦有诗，既谱郐事，然后谱郑，故先言有郑之由，而后说得郐之事。又云为幽王大司徒，甚得周众与东土之人，问於史伯曰：“王室多故，余惧及焉，其何所可以逃死？”
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：自此以(yi)(yi)下，尽(jin)“可以(yi)(yi)少(shao)固”，皆《郑(zheng)语》文，谓(wei)得西周之众，与东土河(he)、洛之人(ren)心(xin)也多，故谓(wei)多难(nan)(nan)，惧祸难(nan)(nan)及己(ji)也。
史伯曰：“其济、洛、河、颍之间乎？是其子、男之国，虢、郐为大。虢叔恃势，郐仲恃险，皆有骄侈怠慢之心，加之以贪冒，君若以周难之故，寄帑与贿，不敢不许，是骄而贪，必将背君。君以成周之众，奉辞罚罪，无不克矣。
○正义曰：谓济西、洛东、河南、颍北，是四水之间，其子、男之国有十，惟虢、郐为大。叔、仲皆当时二国之君字也。势谓地势阻固，险谓境多阨塞。若克二邑，鄢、蔽、补、丹、依、畴、历、华，君之土也。脩典刑以守之，惟是可以少固。
○正义曰：八(ba)国皆在四水之(zhi)间，与虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)为邻。若克虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)二邑(yi)(yi)，则其(qi)馀(yu)八(ba)邑(yi)(yi)自然可(ke)灭，为君(jun)之(zhi)土(tu)也。脩典(dian)法以守之(zhi)，惟有是处可(ke)以少固(gu)，馀(yu)方不可(ke)入也。虢(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)实(shi)国，而(er)言邑(yi)(yi)者，以国邑(yi)(yi)相对为异，散则国亦为邑(yi)(yi)。《殷武》云(yun)“商邑(yi)(yi)翼(yi)翼(yi)”，《左(zuo)传》每言“弊邑(yi)(yi)”者，皆公侯之(zhi)国而(er)称(cheng)邑(yi)(yi)也。
桓公从之，言：“然。”之后三年，幽王为犬戎所杀，桓公死之，其子武公与晋文侯定平王於东都王城。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语(yu)(yu)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)悦，乃(nai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)寄(ji)帑(tang)与(yu)贿，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语(yu)(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“幽王(wang)(wang)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)徒(tu)。”《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)世(shi)家》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)徒(tu)一(yi)岁(sui)，问(wen)太史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)：‘王(wang)(wang)室多故(gu)，余安(an)逃死？’”是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)徒(tu)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)乃(nai)问(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。问(wen)史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)，至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)幽王(wang)(wang)被杀(sha)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《世(shi)家》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“犬戎杀(sha)幽王(wang)(wang)，并杀(sha)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人立(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)掘(jue)突(tu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。”《地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“幽王(wang)(wang)败(bai)，桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)平王(wang)(wang)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卒(zu)取(qu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，右洛(luo)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)济，前华后(hou)(hou)河，食溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)焉(yan)(yan)”。今(jin)河南(nan)新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：此(ci)谓武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。知者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，皆(jie)(jie)信而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有徵。隐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“制，岩邑(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)叔死焉(yan)(yan)。”桓(huan)(huan)(huan)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)有善(shan)於(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)，通乎夫人，以(yi)取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)见处(chu)虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，明(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)灭虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)，则(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀八(ba)邑(yi)亦武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卒(zu)取(qu)十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。案《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)世(shi)家》：“史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，贪而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)好利(li)，百姓不(bu)附。今(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)徒(tu)，民皆(jie)(jie)爱公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚请居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)见公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方用(yong)事(shi)，轻(qing)分公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诚居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民皆(jie)(jie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)：‘善(shan)。’於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卒(zu)言(yan)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徙其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)果献十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)，竟国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”如《世(shi)家》，则(ze)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)皆(jie)(jie)自(zi)取(qu)十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)死后(hou)(hou)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)取(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)，马迁(qian)(qian)(qian)见《国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)语(yu)(yu)》有史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)为(wei)(wei)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谋取(qu)十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，不(bu)知桓(huan)(huan)(huan)身未得，故(gu)傅会(hui)为(wei)(wei)此(ci)说(shuo)耳。《外(wai)(wai)(wai)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)》“皆(jie)(jie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)”，则(ze)八(ba)邑(yi)各为(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，非(fei)虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，无(wu)由得献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，明(ming)马迁(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)谬耳。桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)虽(sui)未得虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)，既寄(ji)帑(tang)贿，臣民亦从而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寄(ji)焉(yan)(yan)，故(gu)昭十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》子(zi)(zi)(zi)产曰(yue)(yue)：“昔我(wo)先(xian)君(jun)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)商(shang)人皆(jie)(jie)出自(zi)周(zhou)(zhou)，庸次比(bi)耦以(yi)艾杀(sha)此(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蓬、蒿、藜(li)、翟而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)共处(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)寄(ji)帑(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，商(shang)人亦从而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寄(ji)，至(zhi)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)遂取(qu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与(yu)居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)言(yan)“子(zi)(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)”，设令十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)皆(jie)(jie)方百里，开(kai)方除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，尚三(san)(san)百有馀。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)当侯(hou)爵而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)(zhou)礼》五(wu)等封(feng)疆(jiang)，言(yan)大(da)(da)法耳，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)可一(yi)如其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制度。《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叙(xu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)邢侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，曹(cao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)许男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可以(yi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑计(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“右洛(luo)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)济，前华后(hou)(hou)河，食溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)焉(yan)(yan)”，亦《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)语(yu)(yu)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。韦昭云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“华，华国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。食，谓居(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)土(tu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)水也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)谱(pu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居(ju)(ju)溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，此(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食溱(zhen)、洧(wei)(wei)焉(yan)(yan)”，则(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)服虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，古郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽(sui)处(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，不(bu)居(ju)(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)都(dou)(dou)。僖三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》称(cheng)(cheng)文夫人葬公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)瑕於(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下。服虔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城，故(gu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟(xu)。”杜预(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)荥(ying)阳密县(xian)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北，新郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)荥(ying)阳宛陵县(xian)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)非(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)，故(gu)别有郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若然(ran)，昭十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟(xu)”，《郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)谱(pu)》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则(ze)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)同地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)非(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)，正以(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)别有郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)城，决知郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)非(fei)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但二城不(bu)甚相远，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)言(yan)祝融之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟(xu)，见郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)因国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)境界所(suo)及(ji)，非(fei)谓郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)居(ju)(ju)郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)都(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，隐元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“寰内诸侯(hou)，不(bu)正其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)交(jiao)。”然(ran)则(ze)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，非(fei)正南(nan)面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，政教(jiao)禀於(wu)(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，善(shan)恶(e)归於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上，无(wu)假风谏，不(bu)当有诗。郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)见有变风，不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内明(ming)矣。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)因虢(guo)(guo)(guo)、郐(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)(kuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，自(zi)然(ran)亦为(wei)(wei)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)(wai)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)《发(fa)墨守》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：桓(huan)(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)宗周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内，武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)居(ju)(ju)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)於(wu)(wu)西(xi)(xi)周(zhou)(zhou)，本(ben)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内。西(xi)(xi)都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，尽以(yi)赐秦，明(ming)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初迁(qian)(qian)(qian)，亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内，故(gu)历言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。及(ji)并十(shi)(shi)邑(yi)，郁成大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，盟会(hui)列(lie)於(wu)(wu)诸侯(hou)，灼然(ran)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)(wai)，故(gu)《缁衣(yi)》传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)：“诸侯(hou)入为(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卿(qing)士。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)外(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)称(cheng)(cheng)入也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)虽(sui)非(fei)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内，不(bu)过(guo)侯(hou)服。昭十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”贾逵以(yi)为(wei)(wei)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)爵，在(zai)(zai)(zai)男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)距王(wang)(wang)城三(san)(san)百馀里，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得在(zai)(zai)(zai)男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，《郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志》答(da)赵(zhao)商(shang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“此(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)(zhe)，非(fei)男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，乃(nai)谓子(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)城，为(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)畿(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸侯(hou)，虽(sui)爵为(wei)(wei)侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧俗(su)皆(jie)(jie)食子(zi)(zi)(zi)、男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，男(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)意与(yu)贾说(shuo)异。
武公又作卿士，国人宜之，郑之变风又作。
○正(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：《缁衣序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“父子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)并(bing)为(wei)周司(si)徒(tu)。”则(ze)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)死，武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)即代为(wei)司(si)徒(tu)，故(gu)(gu)得(de)辅平王以(yi)东迁。是(shi)(shi)先为(wei)卿士(shi)(shi)，后(hou)(hou)并(bing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)邑。但(dan)郑(zheng)先说得(de)国之(zhi)(zhi)由，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)卿士(shi)(shi)”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)卿士(shi)(shi)在(zai)并(bing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)邑之(zhi)(zhi)前也(ye)(ye)。序又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“善於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职，国人宜(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)。”是(shi)(shi)国人宜(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)变风(feng)也(ye)(ye)。对上(shang)《郐(kuai)风(feng)》已(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)”。案(an)《左(zuo)传》及《郑(zheng)世(shi)家(jia)》，武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)娶(qu)邓曼，生(sheng)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)忽(hu)，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。又(you)娶(qu)宋雍氏女，生(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)突，是(shi)(shi)为(wei)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。又(you)生(sheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仪(yi)。《春秋(qiu)》桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia)五(wu)月(yue)，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)，而(er)(er)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九月(yue)，昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奔卫，而(er)(er)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)。桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia)，厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)奔蔡。六月(yue)，昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)入(ru)。桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，高渠弥弑(shi)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，而(er)(er)立(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，齐人杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亹，郑(zheng)人立(li)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仪(yi)。庄(zhuang)(zhuang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，傅瑕(xia)杀(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仪(yi)，而(er)(er)纳(na)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前立(li)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)出(chu)奔，至此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)复入(ru)。至庄(zhuang)(zhuang)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒(zu)，前后(hou)(hou)再在(zai)位，凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卒(zu)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)踕立(li)，四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒(zu)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)·缁衣序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“美(mei)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，则(ze)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《将仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》、《叔于(yu)(yu)田(tian)》、《大叔于(yu)(yu)田(tian)》序皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，而(er)(er)《清人》之(zhi)(zhi)下有(you)《羔裘(qiu)》、《遵大路》、《女曰(yue)鸡鸣》。《遵大路》序云(yun)(yun)(yun)“庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)失道”，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)篇(pian)通上(shang)《将仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》等六篇(pian)，皆(jie)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《有(you)女同车》、《山有(you)扶苏》、《萚兮(xi)(xi)》、《狡童》及《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)水》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)忽(hu)”，则(ze)《褰(qian)(qian)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)》、《丰》、《东门之(zhi)(zhi)墠》、《风(feng)雨》、《子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)衿》在(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间，皆(jie)为(wei)昭(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。忽(hu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)承正(zheng)统(tong)，虽(sui)未逾(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，要(yao)君(jun)於(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国。《有(you)女同车序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“至於(wu)(wu)(wu)见逐(zhu)”，则(ze)为(wei)被逐(zhu)而(er)(er)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，是(shi)(shi)忽(hu)前立(li)时(shi)(shi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《山有(you)扶苏》、《萚兮(xi)(xi)》、《狡童》刺(ci)忽(hu)所美(mei)非贤，权臣(chen)擅命(ming)。忽(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)前立(li)时(shi)(shi)月(yue)既浅，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)篇(pian)盖后(hou)(hou)立(li)时(shi)(shi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《褰(qian)(qian)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)》“思见正(zheng)”，言突篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)国之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，是(shi)(shi)突前篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，国人欲以(yi)邻国正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)，君(jun)虽(sui)篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)弑(shi)而(er)(er)立(li)，已(yi)(yi)(yi)列(lie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)会，则(ze)成(cheng)为(wei)君(jun)。案(an)突以(yi)桓(huan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)会郑(zheng)伯，盟於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)父。自是(shi)(shi)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，频列(lie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)会，则(ze)成(cheng)为(wei)郑(zheng)君(jun)，国人不(bu)应思大国之(zhi)(zhi)见正(zheng)，《褰(qian)(qian)裳(shang)(shang)(shang)》宜(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)初田(tian)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《丰》、《东门之(zhi)(zhi)墠》、《风(feng)雨》、《子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)衿》直云(yun)(yun)(yun)“刺(ci)乱(luan)世(shi)耳”，不(bu)指君(jun)事(shi)。或当(dang)(dang)突篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，或当(dang)(dang)忽(hu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)难(nan)知。要(yao)是(shi)(shi)忽(hu)为(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主，虽(sui)当(dang)(dang)突前篡(cuan)(cuan)(cuan)时(shi)(shi)，亦宜(yi)(yi)系忽(hu)，故(gu)(gu)序於(wu)(wu)(wu)《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)水》又(you)言忽(hu)以(yi)明之(zhi)(zhi)。《扬(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)水》言“无忠臣(chen)良士(shi)(shi)，终(zhong)以(yi)死亡”，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)“终(zhong)鲜兄弟(di)”，则(ze)兄弟(di)已(yi)(yi)(yi)争(zheng)(zheng)，是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。《出(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)东门序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)争(zheng)(zheng)”，《野有(you)蔓草序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“民穷於(wu)(wu)(wu)兵(bing)革”，《溱洧序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)革不(bu)息”，三(san)篇(pian)相类，皆(jie)三(san)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)既争(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)争(zheng)(zheng)，突最在(zai)后(hou)(hou)得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)篇(pian)，厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《清人》刺(ci)文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)左(zuo)方中皆(jie)以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)(er)知。文公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，《清人》当(dang)(dang)处卷(juan)末(mo)，由烂(lan)脱失次(ci)，厕於(wu)(wu)(wu)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)诗(shi)内(nei)。所以(yi)得(de)错乱(luan)者，郑(zheng)答赵商云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诗(shi)本无文字，后(hou)(hou)人不(bu)能尽得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)，录(lu)者直录(lu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)(yi)。”如《志》之(zhi)(zhi)言，则(ze)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)序乃始杂乱(luan)，故(gu)(gu)《羔裘(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)序从(cong)上(shang)《大叔于(yu)(yu)田(tian)》为(wei)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
《缁衣》，美武公也。父子并为周司徒，善於其职，国人宜之，故美其德，以明有国善善之功焉。父，谓武公父，桓公也。司徒之职掌十二教，善善者，治之有功也。郑国之人皆谓桓公、武公居司徒之官，正得其宜。
○缁，侧基反。
[疏]“《缁衣》三章，章四句”至“功焉”。
○正义曰：作《缁衣》诗者，美武公也。武公之与桓公，父子皆为周司徒之卿，而善於其卿之职，郑国之人咸宜之，谓武公为卿，正得其宜。诸侯有德，乃能入仕王朝。武公既为郑国之君，又复入作司徒，已是其善，又能善其职，此乃有国者善中之善，故作此诗，美其武公之德，以明有邦国者善善之功焉。经三章，皆是国人宜之，美其德之辞也。“以明有国善善之功焉”，叙其作诗之意，於经无所当也。
○笺“父谓”至“其宜”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓公已(yi)作司徒，武公又复为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，子能继父(fu)，是(shi)其美(mei)(mei)德，故(gu)兼(jian)言父(fu)子，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盛美(mei)(mei)武公。《周礼(li)(li)(li)·大司徒职》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“因民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)常(chang)而施十(shi)有(you)(you)二教(jiao)焉：一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀礼(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)敬，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)苟(gou)；二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阳礼(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)让(rang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)争(zheng)；三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阴(yin)礼(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)亲，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)(yuan)；四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)教(jiao)和(he)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)乖(guai)；五曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仪辨等(deng)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)越(yue)；六曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)俗教(jiao)安，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)愉；七(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刑教(jiao)中，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)暴；八曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誓教(jiao)恤(xu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)怠(dai)；九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)教(jiao)节，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)知足；十(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世事教(jiao)能，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)职；十(shi)有(you)(you)一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤制(zhi)爵，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)慎德；十(shi)有(you)(you)二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庸制(zhi)禄，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)兴(xing)功。”是(shi)司徒职掌十(shi)二教(jiao)也。祀礼(li)(li)(li)，谓祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恭敬，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)苟(gou)且(qie)。阳礼(li)(li)(li)，谓乡(xiang)射、饮(yin)酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谦让(rang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)争(zheng)斗。阴(yin)礼(li)(li)(li)，谓男女昏(hun)姻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)亲，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)(yuan)旷。乐(le)(le)，谓五声八音之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)睦，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)乖(guai)戾。仪，谓君(jun)南(nan)面(mian)(mian)，臣北面(mian)(mian)，父(fu)坐子伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属，辨其等(deng)级(ji)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)逾越(yue)。俗，谓土地所(suo)(suo)生习，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安存，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)愉惰。刑，谓刑罚，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中正，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)残暴。誓，谓戒敕，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)忧，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)懈怠(dai)。度(du)(du)，谓宫室衣服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节制(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)知止(zhi)足。世事，谓士(shi)农工商(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)各能其事，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)业(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大小，制(zhi)其爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)皆谨慎其德，相(xiang)劝为善(shan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多少，制(zhi)其禄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)量，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)皆兴(xing)立(li)功效，自求(qiu)多福。司徒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职，所(suo)(suo)掌多矣。此十(shi)二事，是(shi)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大者，故(gu)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言焉。此与《淇隩》国人美(mei)(mei)君(jun)有(you)(you)德，能仕(shi)王(wang)朝(chao)，是(shi)其一国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)为风(feng)。苏公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刺(ci)暴公，吉甫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)申伯，同寮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)刺(ci)美(mei)(mei)，乃(nai)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)刺(ci)美(mei)(mei)时王(wang)，故(gu)为雅。作者主意(yi)有(you)(you)异，故(gu)所(suo)(suo)系不(bu)(bu)同。
缁衣之宜兮，敝，予又改为兮。缁，黑色，卿士听朝之正服也。改，更也。有德君子，宜世居卿士之位焉。笺云：缁衣者，居私朝之服也。天子之朝服，皮弁服也。
○敝，本又作“弊”，符世反。朝，直遥反，下同。適子之馆兮，还予授子之粲兮。適，之。馆，舍。粲，餐也。诸侯入为天子卿士，受采禄。笺云：卿士所之之馆，在天子宫，如今之诸庐也。自馆还在采地之都，我则设餐以授之。爱之，欲饮食之。
○馆(guan)，古玩(wan)反(fan)(fan)。粲(can)，七旦反(fan)(fan)，飧也。飧，苏(su)尊反(fan)(fan)。庐(lu)，力(li)於(wu)反(fan)(fan)。饮，於(wu)鸩(zhen)反(fan)(fan)。食音嗣。
[疏]“缁衣”至“粲兮”。
○毛以为，武公作卿士，服缁衣，国人美之。言武公於此缁衣之宜服之兮，言其德称其服也。此衣若敝，我原王家又复改而为之兮，原其常居其位，常服此服也。卿士於王宫有馆舍，於畿内有采禄。言武公去郑国，入王朝之適子卿士之馆舍兮，自朝而还，我原王家授子武公以采禄兮，欲使常朝於王，常食采禄也。采禄，王之所授，衣服，王之所赐，而言予为子授者，其意原王为然，非民所能改受之也。
○郑以为，国人爱美武公，缁衣若弊，我原为君改作兮。自馆而还，我原授君以饮食兮。爱之，原得作衣服，与之饮食也。郑以授之以食为民授之，则改作衣服亦民为之也。
○传“缁黑”至“之位”。
○正义曰：《考工记》言染法，“三入为纁，五入为緅，七入为缁”。注云：“染纁者三入而成，又再染以黑则为緅，又复再染以黑乃成缁。”是缁为黑色。此缁衣，即《士冠礼》所云“主人玄冠朝服，缁带素韡”是也。诸侯与其臣服之以日视朝，故礼通谓此服为朝服。美武公善为司徒，而经云“缁衣”，明缁衣，卿士所服也。而天子与其臣皮弁以日视朝，则卿士旦朝於王服皮弁，不服缁衣，故知是卿士听朝之正服。谓既朝於王，退適治事之馆，释皮弁而服，以听其所朝之政也。言缁衣之宜，谓德称其服，宜衣此衣，敝则更原王为之，令常衣此服。以武公继世为卿，并皆宜之，故言“有德君子，宜世居卿士之位焉”。
○笺“缁衣”至“弁服”。
○正义曰：退適治事之处，为私也，对在天子之庭为公。此私朝在天子宫内，即下句“適子之馆兮”是也。《舜典》云“辟四门”者，注云：“卿士之职，使为已出政教於天下。”言四门者，亦因卿士之私朝在国门，鲁有东门襄仲，宋有桐门右师，是后之取法於前也。彼言私朝者在国门，谓卿大夫夕治家事，私家之朝耳，与此不同。何则？《玉藻》说视朝之礼曰：“君既视朝，退適路寝。使人视大夫，大夫退，然后適小寝，释服。”君使人视其事尽，然后休息，则知国之政教事在君所断之，不得归適国门私朝，明国门私朝非君朝矣。《论语》“冉子退朝”，注云“朝於季氏之私朝”，亦谓私家之朝，与此异也。《玉藻》云“天子皮弁以日视朝”，是天子之朝服皮弁，故退適诸曹服缁衣也。定本云“天子之朝，朝服皮弁服”。
○传“適之”至“采禄”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“之、適，往也。”故適得为之。馆者，人所止舍，故为舍也。“粲，餐”，《释言》文。郭璞曰：“今河北人呼食为粲，谓餐食也。”诸侯入为天子卿士，受采禄，解其授粲之意。采谓田邑，采取赋税。禄谓赐之以穀。二者皆天子与之，以供饮食，故谓之授子粲也。
○笺“卿士”至“饮食”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《考工记》说王官之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制，“内(nei)有九(jiu)室，九(jiu)嫔居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。外(wai)有九(jiu)室，九(jiu)卿(qing)朝(chao)焉”。注云：“内(nei)，路寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里。外(wai)，路寝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表。九(jiu)室如(ru)今(jin)朝(chao)堂诸曹(cao)(cao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)也(ye)。六卿(qing)三孤(gu)为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)卿(qing)”。彼(bi)言诸曹(cao)(cao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)处(chu)(chu)，此言诸庐，正(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宫内(nei)，卿(qing)士(shi)各立曹(cao)(cao)司(si)，有庐舍(she)以治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。言適子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆，则(ze)有所(suo)从而(er)適也(ye)。言还(hai)(hai)(hai)授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)粲(can)，则(ze)还(hai)(hai)(hai)有所(suo)至(zhi)也(ye)。既为(wei)(wei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)卿(qing)士(shi)，不可还(hai)(hai)(hai)归郑(zheng)(zheng)国，明是(shi)从采(cai)邑(yi)而(er)適公馆，从公馆而(er)反采(cai)邑(yi)，故云“还(hai)(hai)(hai)在采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)，我(wo)则(ze)设餐以授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。传(chuan)(chuan)言受采(cai)禄(lu)者，以采(cai)禄(lu)解粲(can)义也(ye)。笺言还(hai)(hai)(hai)在采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)者，自(zi)谓(wei)(wei)回还(hai)(hai)(hai)所(suo)至(zhi)国人授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)粲(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)，其(qi)意与传(chuan)(chuan)不同。虽在采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)，原(yuan)授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)，其(qi)授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，谓(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，非(fei)(fei)采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。何则(ze)？此诗(shi)是(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)人美君(jun)，非(fei)(fei)采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。且(qie)食(shi)(shi)采(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主，非(fei)(fei)邑(yi)民(min)常君(jun)，善恶系於(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，不得(de)曲美郑(zheng)(zheng)国君(jun)也(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人所(suo)以能远就(jiu)采(cai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)者，言爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，原(yuan)饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，非(fei)(fei)即实与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)也(ye)。易传(chuan)(chuan)者，以言予者郑(zheng)(zheng)人自(zi)授(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)言天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禄(lu)也(ye)。饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)虽云小(xiao)事(shi)，圣人以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)礼。《伐柯》言王迎(ying)周公，言“我(wo)覯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，笾(bian)豆有践”，奉迎(ying)圣人，犹原(yuan)以饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)，故小(xiao)民(min)爱君(jun)，原(yuan)饮(yin)(yin)食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
缁衣之好兮，敝，予又改造兮。好，犹(you)宜也(ye)。笺云(yun)：造，为也(ye)。
[疏]笺“造，为”。
○正义曰：《释言》文。
適子之馆兮(xi)，还，予(yu)授(shou)子之粲兮(xi)。
缁衣之蓆兮，敝，予又改作兮。蓆，大也。笺云：作，为也。
○蓆音席，《韩诗》云“储(chu)也”，《说文》云“广多”。
[疏]传“蓆，大”。
○正义曰：《释诂》文(wen)。言服缁衣，大(da)得其宜也。
適子(zi)之馆(guan)兮，还，予授(shou)子(zi)之粲兮。
《缁衣》三章，章四句。
《将仲子》，刺庄公也。不胜其母，以害其弟。弟叔失道而公弗制，祭仲谏而公弗听，小不忍以致大乱焉。庄公之母，谓武姜。生庄公及弟叔段，段好勇而无礼。公不早为之所，而使骄慢。
○将，七羊反(fan)(fan)，下及注皆(jie)同(tong)。胜音升。祭，侧界反(fan)(fan)，后放(fang)此。听，吐丁(ding)反(fan)(fan)。好(hao)，呼报(bao)反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“《将仲》三章，章八句”至“大乱焉”。
○正义曰：作《将仲子》诗者，刺庄公也。公有弟名段，字叔。其母爱之，令庄公处之大都。庄公不能胜止其母，遂处段於大都，至使骄而作乱，终以害其亲弟。是公之过也。此叔於未乱之前，失为弟之道，而公不禁制，令之奢僣。有臣祭仲者，谏公，令早为之所，而公不听用。於事之小，不忍治之，以致大乱国焉，故刺之。经三章，皆陈拒谏之辞。“岂敢爱之？畏我父母”，是小不忍也。后乃兴师伐之，是致大乱大也。
○笺“庄公”至“骄慢”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此事(shi)见(jian)於(wu)(wu)《左传(chuan)》隐元年。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“郑武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)娶於(wu)(wu)申，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)武(wu)姜(jiang)，生庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)共叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)。庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)寤生，惊姜(jiang)氏，故名曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)寤生，遂恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。爱共叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)，欲立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亟请(qing)(qing)於(wu)(wu)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)不许(xu)。及(ji)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)即位(wei)，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)(qing)制(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘制(zhi)，岩邑(yi)也，虢叔(shu)(shu)(shu)死焉(yan)。他邑(yi)唯命(ming)。’请(qing)(qing)京(jing)，使居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)京(jing)城大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)。祭(ji)仲曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘都，城过百雉，国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)也。今(jin)京(jing)不度，非制(zhi)也，君将(jiang)不堪(kan)。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘姜(jiang)氏欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，焉(yan)辟害(hai)？’对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘姜(jiang)氏何厌(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有！不如(ru)早(zao)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所，无使滋蔓！蔓，难图(tu)也。蔓草犹不可除，况君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宠(chong)弟乎(hu)？’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘多行不义，必自毙，子(zi)姑(gu)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’既而(er)大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)命(ming)西(xi)鄙、北(bei)鄙贰於(wu)(wu)己(ji)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)吕曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘国(guo)不堪(kan)二，君将(jiang)若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何？欲与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)，臣(chen)请(qing)(qing)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；若不与(yu)，则请(qing)(qing)除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘无庸，将(jiang)自及(ji)。’大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)又收(shou)贰以为(wei)己(ji)邑(yi)，至於(wu)(wu)廪延。子(zi)封(feng)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可矣。厚将(jiang)得众。’公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘不义，不昵。厚将(jiang)崩。’大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)完聚，缮甲兵(bing)，具卒乘，将(jiang)袭(xi)郑，夫人将(jiang)启(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)闻其(qi)期(qi)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘可矣。’命(ming)子(zi)封(feng)帅车(che)二百乘以伐(fa)京(jing)。京(jing)叛大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)段(duan)。段(duan)入於(wu)(wu)鄢(yan)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)伐(fa)诸(zhu)鄢(yan)。大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)奔共。”是(shi)谓共城大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)。是(shi)段(duan)骄慢作乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也。《大(da)(da)(da)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)于田序》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)多才而(er)好勇。”是(shi)段(duan)勇而(er)无礼也。
将仲子兮！无逾我里，无折我树杞。将，请也。仲子，祭仲也。逾，越。里，居也。二十五家为里。杞，木名也。折，言伤害也。笺云：祭仲骤谏，庄公不能用其言，故言请，固距之。“无逾我里”，喻言无干我亲戚也。“无折我树杞”，喻言无伤害我兄弟也。仲初谏曰：“君将与之，臣请事之。君若不与，臣请除之。”
○折，之舌反，下同。杞音起。骤，仕救反，服虔曰：“数也。”“君若与之”，一本“若”作“将”。岂敢爱之？畏我父母。笺云：段将为害，我岂敢爱之而不诛与？以父母之故，故不为也。
○“段将”，此一将字(zi)如字(zi)。与音馀。仲可怀也(ye)，父母之(zhi)言，亦可畏也(ye)！笺云：怀私(si)曰怀。言仲子(zi)之(zhi)言可私(si)怀也(ye)。我迫於父母，有言不得从(cong)也(ye)。
[疏]“将仲子”至“可畏”。
○正义曰：祭仲数谏庄公，庄公不能用之，反请於仲子兮，汝当无逾越我居之里垣，无损折我所树之杞木，以喻无干犯我之亲戚，无伤害我之兄弟。段将为害，我岂敢爱之而不诛与？但畏我父母也。以父母爱之，若诛之，恐伤父母之心，故不忍也。仲子之言可私怀也，虽然父母之言亦可畏也。言庄公以小不忍至於大乱，故陈其拒谏之辞以刺之。传“里居”至“木名”。
○正义曰：里者，民之所居，故为居也。《地官·遂人》云：“五家为邻，五邻为里。”是二十五家为里也。“无逾我里”，谓无逾越我里居之垣墙，但里者，人所居之名，故以所居表墙耳。《四牡》传云：“杞，枸檵。”此直云木名，则与彼别也。陆机《疏》云：“杞，柳属也，生水傍，树如柳，叶粗而白色，理微赤，故今人以为车毂。今共北淇水傍，鲁国泰山汶水边，纯杞也。
○笺“祭仲”至“除之”。
○正义曰：哀二十年《左传》云：“吴公子庆忌骤谏吴王。”服虔云：“骤，数也。”笺言骤谏，出於彼文。序不言骤，而笺言骤者，若非数谏，不应固请，故知骤谏也。以里垣之内始有树木，故以里喻亲戚，树喻兄弟。既言骤谏，以为其谏非一，故言“初谏曰”，以为数谏之意。案《左传》此言乃是公子吕辞，今笺以为祭仲谏者，诗陈请祭仲，不请公子吕，然则祭仲之谏多於公子吕矣。而公子吕请除大叔，为谏之切，莫切於此。祭仲正可数谏耳，其辞亦不是过。仲当亦有此言，故引之以为祭仲谏。
○笺“怀私”至“得从”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《晋语》称公子(zi)重耳安於(wu)齐，姜氏劝之行(xing)，云：“怀与安，实病大事。《郑(zheng)诗》云：‘仲可怀也。’”引此为(wei)怀私之义(yi)，故以怀为(wei)私。以父(fu)(fu)母(mu)爱段，不(bu)用害之，故畏(wei)迫(po)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)，有言不(bu)得(de)从也。於(wu)时其(qi)父(fu)(fu)虽亡，遗言尚存(cun)，与母(mu)连(lian)言之也。
将仲子兮！无逾我墙，无折我树桑。墙，垣也。桑，木之众也。
○垣音袁。岂(qi)敢爱之？畏我诸兄。诸兄，公族。仲可怀也(ye)，诸兄之言，亦可畏也(ye)！
将仲子兮！无逾我园，无折我树檀。园所以树木也。檀，强韧之木。
○檀，徒(tu)丹反(fan)(fan)，木名(ming)。强，其(qi)良反(fan)(fan)，一(yi)音居(ju)良反(fan)(fan)。忍，本亦作“刃”，同而慎反(fan)(fan)。依(yi)字韦旁作刃，今此假(jia)借也。沈云(yun)系旁作刃为是。案糸旁刃，音女巾反(fan)(fan)，《离骚》云(yun)“纫秋兰以(yi)为佩”，是也。
[疏]传“园所”至“之木”。
○正义曰：《大宰职》云：“园圃，毓(yu)草木(mu)。”园者圃之蕃，故其(qi)内可(ke)以种(zhong)木(mu)也。檀(tan)材可(ke)以为车，故云“强韧(ren)之木(mu)。”陆机《疏》云：“檀(tan)木(mu)皮正青滑(hua)泽，与(yu)檕(ji)(ji)迷(mi)(mi)(mi)相似，又似驳马。驳马，梓檎。故里(li)语曰：‘斫檀(tan)不谛(di)得檕(ji)(ji)迷(mi)(mi)(mi)，檕(ji)(ji)迷(mi)(mi)(mi)尚可(ke)得驳马。’檕(ji)(ji)迷(mi)(mi)(mi)一名(ming)挈，故齐人谚曰：‘上山斫檀(tan)，挈先(xian)殚。’”
岂敢爱(ai)之？畏(wei)人之多言。仲可(ke)怀也，人之多言，亦可(ke)畏(wei)也。
《将(jiang)仲(zhong)子》三(san)章，章八句。
《叔于田》，刺庄公也。叔处于京，缮甲治兵，以出于田，国人说而归之。缮之言善也。甲，铠也。
○缮，市战(zhan)反，善也。说音悦。铠(kai)，苦爱反。
[疏]“《叔于田》三章，章五句”至“归之”。
○笺“缮之”至“甲铠”。
○正义曰(yue)：《世本》云：“杼作甲(jia)。”宋仲子(zi)云：“少康(kang)子(zi)名杼也(ye)。”经典(dian)皆谓之甲(jia)，后世乃名为铠。笺以今(jin)晓古。
叔于田，巷无居人。叔，大叔段也。田，取禽也。巷，里涂也。笺云：叔往田，国人注心于叔，似如无人处。
○巷，学绛反。大音泰，后“大叔”皆放此。
○岂无居人？不如叔也，洵美且仁。笺云：洵，信也。言叔信美好而又仁。
○洵，苏遵反。
[疏]“叔于”至“且仁”。
○正义曰：此皆悦叔之辞。时人言叔之往田猎也，里巷之内全似无复居人。岂可实无居人乎，有居人矣，但不如叔也信美好而且有仁德。国人注心於叔，悦之若此，而公不知禁，故刺之。
○传“叔大”至“里涂”。
○正义曰：《左传》及下篇皆谓之大叔，故传辨之，以明叔与大叔一人，其字曰叔，以宠私过度，时呼为大叔，《左传》谓之京城大叔。是由宠而异其号也。此言“叔于田”，下言“大叔于田”，作者意殊，无他义也。田者，猎之别名，以取禽於田，因名曰田，故云“田，取禽也”。《丰》曰“俟我乎巷”，谓待我於门外，知巷是里内之途道也。
○笺“洵信”至“又仁”。
○正(zheng)义曰：“洵，信(xin)”，《释(shi)诂》文。仁(ren)(ren)是行之(zhi)美(mei)名(ming)，叔乃作乱之(zhi)贼，谓之(zhi)信(xin)美(mei)好而(er)又(you)仁(ren)(ren)者，言国人悦之(zhi)辞，非实仁(ren)(ren)也(ye)。
叔于狩，巷无饮酒。冬猎曰狩。笺云：饮酒，谓燕饮也。
○狩，手又反(fan)。猎，力辄反(fan)。岂无饮(yin)酒？不如叔也，洵(xun)美且(qie)好。
[疏]传“冬猎曰狩”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《释(shi)天》文。李巡曰(yue)：“围守取之，无所择也(ye)。”
叔(shu)適野(ye)，巷(xiang)无服马(ma)。笺(jian)云(yun)：適，之也(ye)。郊外曰野(ye)。服马(ma)，犹乘马(ma)也(ye)。岂无服马(ma)？不如叔(shu)也(ye)，洵美且武。笺(jian)云(yun)：武，有武节(jie)。
[疏]笺“郊外”至“乘马”。
○正义曰：《释地》云：“郊外谓之牧，牧外谓之野。”是野在郊外也。《易》称“服牛乘马”，俱是驾用之义，故云服马犹乘马。夹辕两马谓之服马。何知此非夹辕之马，而云“犹乘马”者，以上章言无居人，无饮酒，皆是人事而言，此不宜独言无马，知正谓叔既往田，巷无乘马之人耳。
○笺“武，有武节”。
○正义曰：文武(wu)者，人之伎能。今言(yan)美且武(wu)，悦其为武(wu)，则合武(wu)之要，故云(yun)有(you)武(wu)节。言(yan)其不妄(wang)为武(wu)。
《叔于田》三(san)章，章五句。
《大叔于田》，刺庄公也。叔多才而好勇，不义而得众也。
○“而(er)勇(yong)”，本(ben)或(huo)作“而(er)好(hao)勇(yong)”，“好(hao)”衍字(zi)。
[疏]“《大叔于田》三章(zhang)，章(zhang)十句”至“得(de)众”。正义曰：叔负才恃(shi)众，必(bi)为乱(luan)阶(jie)，而公(gong)不知禁，故刺之。经陈其(qi)善(shan)射御之等，是多才也；“襢裼暴虎(hu)”，是好勇(yong)也；“火烈具举(ju)”，是得(de)众也。
叔于田，乘乘马。叔之从公田也。
○“叔于田”，本或作“大叔于田”者，误。“乘乘”，上如字，下绳证反。后句例尔。执辔如组，两骖如舞。骖之与服，和谐中节。笺云：如组者，如织组之为也。在旁曰骖。
○组音祖。中，竹仲反。叔在薮，火烈具举。薮，泽，禽之府也。烈，列。具俱也。笺云：列人持火俱举，言众同心。
○薮，素口反，《韩诗》云：“禽兽居之曰薮。”襢裼暴虎，献于公所。襢裼，肉袒也。暴虎，空手以搏之。笺云：“献于公所”，进於君也。
○襢，本又作“袒”，音但。裼，素历反。搏音博。“将叔无狃，戒其伤女。”狃，习也。笺云：狃，复也。请叔无复者，爱也。
○将，七羊反，请也。毋(wu)音无，本亦作“无”。狃，女九反。复，符又(you)反，下同(tong)。
[疏]“大叔”至“伤女”。
○毛以为，大叔往田猎之时，乘驾一乘之马。叔马既良，叔之御人又善，执持马辔如织组。织组者，总纰於此，成文於彼。御者执辔於手，马骋於道，如织组之为，其两骖之马与两服马和谐，如人舞者之中於乐节也。大叔乘马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮泽也，火有行列，俱时举之，言得众之心，故同时举火。叔於是襢去裼衣，空手搏虎，执之而献於公之处所。公见其如是，恐其更然，谓之曰：请叔无习此事。戒慎之，若复为之，其必伤汝矣。言大叔得众之心，好勇如此，必将为乱，而公不禁，故刺之。
○郑唯以“狃”为“复”，馀同。
○传“叔之从公田”。
○正义曰：下云“襢裼暴虎，献于公所”，明公亦与之俱田，故知从公田也。
○传“骖之”至“中节”。
○正义曰：此经止云“两骖”，不言“两服”，知骖与服和谐中节者，以下二章於此二句皆说“两服”、“两骖”，则知此经所云，亦总骖、服。但马之中节，亦由御善，以其篇之首先云御者之良。既言“执辔如组”，不可更言两服，理则有之，故知“如舞”之言，兼言服亦中节也。此二句言叔之所乘，马良御善耳，非大叔亲自御之。下言“又良御忌”，乃云叔身善御。
○传“薮泽”至“具俱”。
○正义曰：《地官序·泽虞》云：“每大泽大薮，小泽小薮。”注云：“泽，水所锺。水希曰薮。”然则薮非一，而此云“薮，泽”者，以薮泽俱是旷野之地，但有水无水异其名耳。《地官》薮泽共立泽虞掌之。《夏官·职方氏》每州云其泽薮曰“某”，明某是一也。《释地》说十薮云：“郑有圃田。”此言“在薮”，盖在圃田也。此言“府”者，货之所藏谓之府，薮泽亦禽兽之所藏，故云“禽之府”。烂熟谓之烈，火烈嫌为火猛，此无取烂义，故转烈为列，言火有行列也。火有行列，由布列人使持之，故笺申之云“列人持火”。此为宵田，故持火照之。具，备，即偕俱之义，故为俱也。
○传“襢裼”至“搏之”。
○正义曰：“襢裼，肉袒”，《释训》文。李巡曰：“襢裼，脱衣见体曰肉袒。”孙炎曰：“袒去裼衣。”《释训》又云：“暴虎，徒搏也。”舍人曰：“无兵，空手搏之。”
○传“狃，习”。
○正(zheng)义曰：《释言》云：“狃，复(fu)也。”孙炎曰：“狃伏(fu)前事(shi)复(fu)为也。”复(fu)亦贯(guan)习之(zhi)意，故(gu)传(chuan)以(yi)狃为习也。笺以(yi)《尔雅》正(zheng)训，故(gu)以(yi)为复(fu)。
叔于田，乘乘黄。四马皆黄。两服上襄，两骖雁行。笺云：两服，中央夹辕者。襄，驾也。上驾者，言为众马之最良也。雁行者，言与中服相次序。
○上襄，并如字。行，户郎反。夹，古洽反。叔在薮，火烈具扬。扬，扬光也。叔善射忌，又良御忌。忌，辞也。笺云：良亦善也。忌，读如“彼已之子”之已。
○忌，注作“己”，同，音记。下皆同。抑磬控忌，抑纵送忌。骋马曰磬。止马曰控。发矢曰纵。从禽曰送。
○磬(qing)，苦定反。控，口贡反。骋，敕领反。
[疏]“叔于”至“送忌”。
○正义曰：言叔之往田也，乘一乘之黄马。在内两服者，马之上驾也。在外两骖，与服马如雁之行，相次序也。叔乘此四马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮泽也，火有行列，俱时扬之。叔有多才，既善射矣，又善御矣。抑者，此叔能磬骋马矣，又能控止马矣。言欲疾则走，欲止则往。抑者，此叔能纵矢以射禽矣，又能纵送以逐禽矣。言发则能中，逐则能及，是叔之善御、善射也。叔既得众多才如是，必将为乱，而公不禁，故刺之。
○笺“两服”至“次序”。
○正义曰：《小戎》云：“骐骝是中，騧骊是骖。”骖、中对文，则骖在外。外者为骖，则知内者为服，故言“两服，中央夹辕者”也。“襄，驾”，《释言》文。马之上者，谓之上驾，故知上驾者，言众马之最上也。《曲礼》注云：“雁行者，与之并差退。”此四马同驾，其两服则齐首，两骖与服马雁行，其首不齐，故《左传》云：“如骖之有靳。”
○传“扬，扬光”。
○正义曰：言举火而扬其光耳，非训扬为光也。
○传“骋马”至“曰送”。
○正义曰：此无(wu)正文(wen)，以文(wen)承(cheng)射(she)御之下(xia)，申说射(she)御之事。马(ma)之进退，唯骋止而已，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)骋马(ma)曰磬，止马(ma)曰控(kong)。今(jin)止马(ma)犹谓之控(kong)，是古(gu)遗语也。纵(zong)谓放纵(zong)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)发矢(shi)。送(song)谓逐后，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)从禽。
叔于田，乘乘鸨。骊白杂毛曰鸨。
○鸨音保，依字作“駂”。骊，力驰反。两服齐首，马首齐也。两骖如手。进止如御者之手。笺云：如人左右手之相佐助也。叔在薮，火烈具阜。阜，盛也。叔马慢忌，叔发罕忌。慢，迟。罕，希也。笺云：田事且毕，则其马行迟，发矢希。
○嫚，本又作“慢”，莫晏反。抑释掤忌，抑鬯弓忌。掤，所以覆矢。鬯弓，弢弓。笺云：射者盖矢弢弓，言田事毕。
○掤音冰，所以覆(fu)矢也。马云：“椟丸盖(gai)也。”杜预云：“椟丸，箭筩也。”鬯，敕亮(liang)反。弢，吐刀反。
[疏]“叔于”至“弓忌”。
○毛以为，叔往田猎之时，乘一乘之駂马。其内两服则齐其头首，其外两骖，进止如御者之手。乘此车马，从公田猎。叔之在於薮也，火有行列，其光俱盛。及田之将罢，叔之马既迟矣，叔发矢又希矣。及其田毕，抑者叔释掤以覆矢矣，抑者叔执鬯以弢弓矣。既美叔之多才，遂终说其田之事。
○郑唯“如手”如人手相助为异。馀同。以如者比诸外物，故易传。
○传“骊白杂毛曰駂”。
○正义曰：《释畜》文。郭璞曰：“今呼之为乌骢。”
○传“慢，迟。罕，希”。
○正义曰：以惰慢者必迟缓，故慢为迟也。《释诂》云：“希，罕也。”是罕为希也。
○传“掤所”至“弢弓”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：昭二十五年(nian)《左(zuo)传》云(yun)：“公徒(tu)执冰而(er)踞(ju)。”字虽异，音义(yi)同。服虔云(yun)：“冰，犊丸盖。”杜预(yu)云(yun)：或说犊丸是箭筒，其(qi)盖可以取饮(yin)。先儒相传掤(bing)为覆矢(shi)之(zhi)物，且下(xia)句言鬯(chang)(chang)弓(gong)，明上(shang)句言覆矢(shi)可知矣，故云(yun)“掤(bing)，所以覆矢(shi)”。鬯(chang)(chang)者，盛弓(gong)之(zhi)器。鬯(chang)(chang)弓(gong)，谓(wei)(wei)弢弓(gong)而(er)纳(na)之(zhi)鬯(chang)(chang)中，故云(yun)“鬯(chang)(chang)弓(gong)，弢弓(gong)”，谓(wei)(wei)藏之(zhi)也。
《大叔于田》三章，章十(shi)句(ju)。
《清人》，刺文公也。高克好利而不顾其君，文公恶而欲远之不能。使高克将兵而御狄于竟，陈其师旅，翱翔河上。久而不召，众散而归，高克奔陈。公子素恶高克进之不以礼，文公退之不以道，危国亡师之本，故作是诗也。好利不顾其君，注心於利也。御狄于竟，时狄侵卫。
○克，一本作“尅”。好(hao)，呼报反，注(zhu)同(tong)。恶，乌路反，下同(tong)。远，于万反。将，子(zi)亮反。御，鱼吕反，注(zhu)同(tong)。翱，五羔反。
[疏]“《清人》三章，章四句”至“是诗”。
○正义曰：作《清人》诗者，刺文公也。文公之时，臣有高克者，志好财利，见利则为，而不顾其君。文公恶其如是，而欲远离之，而君弱臣强，又不能以理废。退適值有狄侵卫，郑与卫邻国，恐其来侵，文公乃使高克将兵御狄於竟。狄人虽去，高克未还，乃陈其师旅，翱翔於河上。日月经久，而文公不召，军众自散而归，高克惧而奔陈。文公有臣郑之公子名素者，恶此高克进之事君不以礼也，又恶此文公退之逐臣不以道，高克若拥兵作乱则是危国，若将众出奔则是亡师。公子素谓文公为此，乃是危国亡师之本，故作是《清人》之诗以刺之。经三章唯言“陈其师旅，翱翔河上”之事耳，序则具说翱翔所由。作诗之意，二句以外，皆於经无所当也。
○笺“好利”至“侵卫”。
○正义曰：《春(chun)秋》闵(min)公二年(nian)冬十二月，“狄入卫，郑弃其(qi)师”。《左(zuo)传》曰：“郑人(ren)恶高克，使(shi)(shi)帅(shuai)师次於河(he)上，久而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)召，师溃而(er)(er)归(gui)，高克奔(ben)陈。郑人(ren)为之赋《清人(ren)》。”是於时有狄侵(qin)(qin)卫也(ye)。卫在(zai)河(he)北，郑在(zai)河(he)南(nan)，恐(kong)其(qi)渡河(he)侵(qin)(qin)郑，故使(shi)(shi)高克将兵於河(he)上御(yu)之。《春(chun)秋》经书“入卫”，而(er)(er)笺言“侵(qin)(qin)”者，狄人(ren)初(chu)实(shi)侵(qin)(qin)卫，卫人(ren)与战而(er)(er)败，后(hou)遂(sui)入之。此据其(qi)初(chu)侵(qin)(qin)，故言侵(qin)(qin)也(ye)。案襄(xiang)十九年(nian)，晋侯(hou)使(shi)(shi)士(shi)匄侵(qin)(qin)齐，闻齐侯(hou)卒乃(nai)还，《左(zuo)传》称(cheng)为“礼也(ye)”，《公羊传》亦云(yun)“大(da)夫以君(jun)命出，进(jin)退在(zai)大(da)夫”，然(ran)则高克礼当(dang)自还，不(bu)(bu)须(xu)待召。而(er)(er)文公不(bu)(bu)名(ming)，久留河(he)上者，其(qi)战伐进(jin)退，自由将帅(shuai)。若罢兵还国，必须(xu)君(jun)命，故不(bu)(bu)召不(bu)(bu)得(de)归(gui)也(ye)。传善士(shi)匄不(bu)(bu)伐丧耳，其(qi)得(de)反国，亦当(dang)晋侯(hou)有命，故善之。
清人在彭，驷介旁旁。清，邑也。彭，卫之河上，郑之郊也。介，甲也。笺云：清者，高克所帅众之邑也。驷，四马也。
○介音界。旁，补彭反，王云“彊也”。“驷，四马也”，一本“驷介，四马也”。二矛重英，河上乎翱翔。重英，矛有英饰也。笺云：二矛，酋矛、夷矛也，各有画饰。
○矛，莫(mo)侯反(fan)，《方(fang)言》云：“矛，吴扬江淮南(nan)楚五湖之(zhi)(zhi)间谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鉇鉇音蛇(she)。或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鋋(chan)鋋(chan)音蝉。或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鏦鏦音错江反(fan)。”其柄谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)矜。矜，郭(guo)音巨巾反(fan)。重，直龙反(fan)，注下同。英如(ru)字，沈於耕反(fan)。酋，在由反(fan)。
[疏]“清人”至“翱翔”。
○正义曰：言高克所率清邑之人，今在於彭地。狄人以去，无所防御，高克乃使四马被驰驱敖游，旁旁然不息。其车之上，建二种之矛，重有英饰，河水之上，於是翱翔。言其不复有事，可召之使还，而文公不召，故刺之。
○传“清邑”至“介甲”。
○正义曰：序言高克将兵，则清人是所将之人，故知清是郑邑。言御狄于竟，明在郑、卫境上。言翱翔河上，是营军近河，而卫境亦至河南，故云“卫之河上，郑之郊也”。郊谓二国郊境，非近郊、远郊也。《硕鼠》云“適彼乐郊”，亦总谓境为郊也。下言消、轴，传皆以为河上之地，盖久不得归，师有迁移，三地亦应不甚相远，故俱於河上。介是甲之别名，故云“介，甲也”。《北山》传云“旁旁然不得已”，则此言旁旁亦为不得已之义，与下麃麃为武貌，陶陶为驱驰之貌，互相见也。
○传“重英，矛有英饰”。
○正义曰：重英与二矛共文，明是矛饰。《鲁颂》说矛之饰，谓之朱英，则以朱染为英饰。二矛长短不同，其饰重累，故谓之重英也。
○笺“二矛”至“画饰”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：《考工记》云：“酋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)矛(mao)常(chang)有(you)(you)四尺(chi)，夷(yi)(yi)(yi)矛(mao)三寻。”注云：“八尺(chi)曰寻，倍寻曰常(chang)。”酋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)、夷(yi)(yi)(yi)，长短名也(ye)，酋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)近夷(yi)(yi)(yi)长也(ye)，是矛(mao)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)也(ye)。《记》又云：“攻国之(zhi)兵(bing)用短，守国之(zhi)兵(bing)用长。”此御狄于境，是守国之(zhi)兵(bing)长，宜(yi)有(you)(you)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)矛(mao)，故知二(er)(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)为酋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)矛(mao)、夷(yi)(yi)(yi)矛(mao)。《鲁颂》以(yi)矛(mao)与(yu)重(zhong)弓(gong)共文，弓(gong)无二(er)(er)(er)(er)等(deng)，直(zhi)(zhi)是一(yi)弓(gong)而(er)重(zhong)之(zhi)，则知二(er)(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)，亦一(yi)矛(mao)而(er)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)，故彼(bi)笺云：“二(er)(er)(er)(er)矛(mao)重(zhong)弓(gong)，备折坏。”直(zhi)(zhi)是酋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)矛(mao)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)，无夷(yi)(yi)(yi)矛(mao)也(ye)。经言重(zhong)英，嫌一(yi)矛(mao)有(you)(you)重(zhong)饰(shi)，故云各(ge)有(you)(you)画饰(shi)。言其各(ge)自有(you)(you)饰(shi)，并建而(er)重(zhong)累(lei)。
清人在消，驷介麃麃。消，河上地也。麃麃，武貌。
○麃，表骄反。二矛重乔，河上乎逍遥。重乔，累荷也。笺云：乔，矛矜近上及室题，所以县毛羽。
○乔，毛(mao)音(yin)桥，郑居桥反，雉(zhi)名，《韩诗(shi)》作“鷮(jiao)”。逍，本又作“消”。遥(yao)，本又作“摇”。荷，旧音(yin)何，谓(wei)(wei)刻(ke)矛(mao)头为荷叶相重累也(ye)；沈胡可反，谓(wei)(wei)两矛(mao)之饰相负荷也(ye)。矜，字又作“{矜木}”，同巨(ju)巾反，沈又居陵(ling)反。近，附近之近。题音(yin)啼(ti)。题，头也(ye)。室，剑削(xue)名也(ye)，《方言》云：“剑削(xue)，自河而北，燕(yan)、赵之间谓(wei)(wei)之室。”此言室，谓(wei)(wei)矛(mao)头受刃处也(ye)。削(xue)音(yin)笑。县音(yin)玄。
[疏]传“重乔，累荷”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“乔，高也。”重乔犹如重英，以矛建於车上，五兵之最高者也。而二矛同高，其高复有等级，故谓之重高。传解称高之意，故言累荷。《候人》传曰：“荷，揭也。”谓此二矛，刃有高下，重累而相负揭。
○笺“乔矛”至“毛羽”。
○正(zheng)义曰：矜(jin)谓(wei)矛(mao)柄也(ye)。室谓(wei)矛(mao)之銎孔。襄十年《左传》云：“舞(wu)，师(shi)题(ti)以(yi)旌(jing)夏(xia)。”杜预云：“题(ti)，识(shi)也(ye)。以(yi)大(da)旌(jing)表(biao)识(shi)其(qi)行列。”然题(ti)者(zhe)，表(biao)识(shi)之言(yan)(yan)(yan)。笺(jian)申说累荷之意，言(yan)(yan)(yan)乔(qiao)者(zhe)，矛(mao)之柄近於上头(tou)及矛(mao)之銎室之下，当有物以(yi)题(ti)识(shi)之，其(qi)题(ti)识(shi)者(zhe)，所(suo)以(yi)悬毛羽也(ye)。二(er)矛(mao)於其(qi)上头(tou)皆(jie)悬毛羽以(yi)题(ti)识(shi)之，似如重(zhong)累相负(fu)荷然，故(gu)谓(wei)之累荷也(ye)。经(jing)、传不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)矛(mao)有毛羽，郑以(yi)时事言(yan)(yan)(yan)之，犹今之鹅(e)毛槊(shuo)也(ye)。
清人在轴，驷介陶陶。轴，河上地也。陶陶，驱驰之貌。
○轴音逐，地名。陶，徒报反。左旋右抽，中军作好。左旋讲兵，右抽抽矢以射，居军中为容好。笺云：左，左人，谓御者。右，车右也。中军，为将也。高克之为将，久不得归日，使其御者习旋车，车右抽刃，自居中央，为军之容好而已。兵车之法，将居鼓下，故御者在左。
○抽，敕(chi)由反(fan)(fan)，《说文》作“陷”，他牢反(fan)(fan)，云：“抽刃以习击刺(ci)也。”好，呼报(bao)反(fan)(fan)，注同。将，子(zi)亮反(fan)(fan)，下同。
[疏]“左旋右抽，中军作好”。
○毛以为，高克閒暇无为，逍遥河上，乃左回旋其师，右手抽矢以射，高克居军之中，以为一军之容好，言可召而不召，故刺之。
○郑以高克使御人在车左者，习回旋其车。勇士在右者，习抽刃击刺。高克自居中央，为军之容好。指谓一车之上事也。
○传“左旋”至“容好”。
○正义曰：毛以为，左右中总谓一军之事。左旋以讲习兵事，在军之人皆右手抽矢而射。高克为将，将在军中，以此左旋右抽矢为军之容好。言其无事，故逍遥也。必左旋者，《少仪》云：“军尚左。”注云：“右，阳也。阳主生。将军有庙胜之策，左将军为上，贵不败绩。”然则此亦以左为阳，故为左旋。
○笺“左人”至“在左”。
○正义曰：笺(jian)以左右(you)为(wei)(wei)相敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，传以左为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左旋(xuan)，右(you)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右(you)手，於(wu)事不类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)易(yi)传以为(wei)(wei)一车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，左谓御(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)车(che)左，右(you)谓勇(yong)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士在(zai)(zai)车(che)右(you)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)谓将(jiang)(jiang)居(ju)车(che)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。车(che)是御(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)主也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)习旋(xuan)回之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。右(you)主持兵，故(gu)(gu)抽刃击剌(la)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亦(yi)是习之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。高克(ke)自居(ju)车(che)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以此一车(che)所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)好。成二(er)年《左传》说晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐齐云(yun)(yun)：“郤(xi)克(ke)将(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)军(jun)(jun)，解张(zhang)御(yu)(yu)(yu)，郑兵缓(huan)为(wei)(wei)右(you)。郤(xi)克(ke)伤於(wu)矢(shi)，流(liu)血(xue)及(ji)屦(ju)，未绝(jue)(jue)鼓音(yin)，曰：“余病矣！”张(zhang)侯曰：“自始合(he)，而矢(shi)贯余手及(ji)肘，余折以御(yu)(yu)(yu)。左轮(lun)(lun)朱殷，岂敢(gan)言(yan)病？”张(zhang)侯即解张(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郤(xi)克(ke)伤矢(shi)，言(yan)未绝(jue)(jue)鼓音(yin)，是郤(xi)克(ke)为(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)，在(zai)(zai)鼓下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。张(zhang)侯伤手，而血(xue)染左轮(lun)(lun)，是御(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)左也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此谓将(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)乘车(che)耳。若士卒兵车(che)，则(ze)《閟(bi)宫》笺(jian)所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)：“兵车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，左人(ren)持弓，右(you)人(ren)持矛，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)御(yu)(yu)(yu)。”御(yu)(yu)(yu)车(che)不在(zai)(zai)左也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此二(er)笺(jian)皆(jie)言(yan)兵车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，则(ze)平常乘车(che)不然(ran)矣。《曲礼》曰：“乘君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乘车(che)，不敢(gan)旷左。”注云(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)存，恶(e)空其位。”则(ze)人(ren)君(jun)平常皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)车(che)左，御(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)，故(gu)(gu)《月(yue)令》说耕籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义云(yun)(yun)：“天子亲(qin)(qin)载耒耜，措(cuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)参保介(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)(yu)(yu)閒(xian)。”保介(jie)(jie)谓车(che)右(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。置耒耜於(wu)车(che)右(you)、御(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閒(xian)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，与兵车(che)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。将(jiang)(jiang)居(ju)鼓下(xia)(xia)，虽人(ren)君(jun)亲(qin)(qin)将(jiang)(jiang)，其礼亦(yi)然(ran)。《夏官·大(da)仆职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“凡(fan)军(jun)(jun)旅田役，赞王鼓。”注云(yun)(yun)：“王通鼓佐击其馀面。”是天子亲(qin)(qin)鼓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成二(er)年《左传》云(yun)(yun)：“齐侯伐我北鄙，围(wei)龙，齐侯亲(qin)(qin)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是为(wei)(wei)将(jiang)(jiang)乃然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“将(jiang)(jiang)居(ju)鼓下(xia)(xia)”。
《清人(ren)》三章，章四(si)句。