郑伯克段于鄢原文
左传
初,郑(zheng)武公(gong)娶于申(shen),曰武姜。生庄公(gong)及共叔段。庄公(gong)寤生,惊(jing)姜氏(shi),故名曰寤生,遂恶之(zhi)。爱(ai)共叔段,欲立之(zhi)。亟请(qing)于武公(gong),公(gong)弗许(xu)。
及庄公(gong)即位,为之(zhi)请(qing)制。公(gong)曰(yue):“制,岩邑(yi)也。虢叔(shu)死焉,佗邑(yi)唯命(ming)。”请(qing)京,使居之(zhi),谓之(zhi)京城大(da)叔(shu)。
祭仲曰:“都城过百雉,国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)害也(ye)(ye)。先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)制,大都不(bu)(bu)过参(can)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)一,中(zhong)、五之(zhi)(zhi)一,小(xiao)、九之(zhi)(zhi)一。今京不(bu)(bu)度,非制也(ye)(ye),君将(jiang)不(bu)(bu)堪。”公(gong)曰:“姜(jiang)氏欲之(zhi)(zhi),焉辟害。”对曰:“姜(jiang)氏厌之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)?不(bu)(bu)如早为之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo),无使滋蔓,蔓难(nan)图也(ye)(ye)。蔓草犹不(bu)(bu)可除,况君之(zhi)(zhi)宠(chong)弟乎?”公(gong)曰:“多行不(bu)(bu)义,必自(zi)毙,子姑待之(zhi)(zhi)。”
既而大叔西鄙北贰(er)于己。公子吕(lv)曰:“国(guo)不堪贰(er)。君将若之何?欲(yu)与(yu)(yu)大叔,臣(chen)请事之。若弗与(yu)(yu),则请除之,无(wu)生民(min)心。”公曰:“无(wu)庸,将自及。”
大叔(shu)又收(shou)贰(er)以为己邑。至于(yu)于(yu)廪延。子封曰(yue):“可矣(yi)!厚(hou)将得众。”公曰(yue):“不义不昵,厚(hou)将崩。”
大叔完聚,缮甲(jia)兵,具卒乘,将(jiang)袭郑(zheng),夫人将(jiang)启之(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)闻其期曰(yue):“可矣。”命子封(feng)帅车二百乘以伐京(jing),京(jing)叛大叔段(duan)。段(duan)入于(yu)鄢(yan)(yan),公(gong)(gong)伐诸鄢(yan)(yan)。五月辛(xin)丑,大叔出奔共。
书曰:“郑(zheng)伯克(ke)段于(yu)鄢。”段不弟,故不言弟。如(ru)二君,故曰克(ke)。称郑(zheng)伯,讥(ji)失教(jiao)也(ye)。谓之(zhi)郑(zheng)志,不言出奔,难之(zhi)也(ye)。
遂置,姜氏于城颍,而誓之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“不(bu)及(ji)黄泉,无相见也。”既而悔之(zhi)(zhi)。颍考叔为颍谷封人(ren),闻之(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)献于公(gong)(gong),公(gong)(gong)赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)。食(shi)舍肉,公(gong)(gong)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)。对(dui)曰:“小人(ren)有(you)母,皆尝小人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)矣。未尝君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)羹,请以遗(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。”公(gong)(gong)曰:“尔有(you)母遗(yi),繄我独(du)无。”颍考叔曰:“敢(gan)问(wen)何谓也?”公(gong)(gong)语(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)故,且告之(zhi)(zhi)悔。对(dui)曰:“君(jun)何患焉。若(ruo)阙(que)地及(ji)泉,隧而相见,其谁曰不(bu)然?”公(gong)(gong)从之(zhi)(zhi)。
公入而赋:“大隧之中,其(qi)乐(le)也融(rong)融(rong)。”姜(jiang)出(chu)而赋:“大隧之外,其(qi)乐(le)也泄泄。”遂(sui)为(wei)母子如初。
君子(zi)曰:“颍考叔,纯孝也,爱其(qi)母,施及庄公。诗曰:‘孝子(zi)不(bu)匮,永(yong)锡尔类。’其(qi)是之谓乎。”