徐(xu)渭,字文(wen)长(zhang),为山阴诸生,声名籍(ji)甚。薛公(gong)蕙校越时(shi),奇(qi)(qi)其才,有(you)国士之目(mu);然(ran)数奇(qi)(qi),屡试辄(zhe)蹶。中丞(cheng)胡公(gong)宗(zong)宪闻之,客(ke)诸幕。文(wen)长(zhang)每(mei)见,则葛(ge)衣乌巾,纵谈天(tian)下(xia)事,胡公(gong)大喜。是时(shi)公(gong)督数边(bian)兵,威镇(zhen)东南(nan);介胄之士,膝语(yu)蛇行,不敢举(ju)头,而文(wen)长(zhang)以部下(xia)一(yi)(yi)诸生傲之;议(yi)者方之刘真(zhen)长(zhang)、杜少陵云。会得白鹿属文(wen)长(zhang)作(zuo)表,表上,永陵喜。公(gong)以是益奇(qi)(qi)之,一(yi)(yi)切疏计(ji),皆出其手。文(wen)长(zhang)自(zi)负才略,好(hao)奇(qi)(qi)计(ji),谈兵多中。视一(yi)(yi)世事无可当意者,然(ran)竟不偶。
文(wen)长(zhang)既已不(bu)(bu)得志于有司,遂乃放(fang)浪(lang)麴薛,恣情(qing)山水,走齐(qi)、鲁、燕、赵之地,穷(qiong)览朔漠。其(qi)所见山奔海(hai)立,沙起(qi)雷行,雨(yu)鸣树(shu)偃,幽谷大都,人物鱼鸟,一切可惊可愕之状,一一皆(jie)(jie)达(da)之于诗。其(qi)胸中又有勃(bo)然不(bu)(bu)可磨(mo)灭之气(qi),英雄失路(lu)、托足无门之悲,故其(qi)为诗如(ru)(ru)嗔(chen)如(ru)(ru)笑(xiao),如(ru)(ru)水鸣峡,如(ru)(ru)种出(chu)土,如(ru)(ru)寡(gua)妇之夜(ye)哭,羁(ji)人之寒起(qi)。虽其(qi)体格,时(shi)有卑者,然匠心独(du)出(chu),有王者气(qi),非彼巾帼而事人者所敢望也(ye)。文(wen)有卓识,气(qi)沈而法严,不(bu)(bu)以(yi)模拟损才,不(bu)(bu)以(yi)议(yi)论(lun)伤格,韩、曾之流亚也(ye)。文(wen)长(zhang)既雅不(bu)(bu)与时(shi)调合,当(dang)时(shi)所谓骚坛主盟者,文(wen)长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)叱而怒之,故其(qi)名不(bu)(bu)出(chu)于越,悲夫!
喜作书,笔意奔放如其诗,苍劲(jing)中,姿媚跃(yue)出(chu),欧阳公所谓「妖韶女,老自有余(yu)态」者也(ye)。间(jian)以其余(yu),旁(pang)溢为(wei)花鸟,皆超(chao)逸有致(zhi)。卒以疑杀其继室,下狱论(lun)死(si);张太史元忭力解,乃得(de)出(chu)。晚年,愤益(yi)(yi)深(shen),佯(yang)狂益(yi)(yi)甚;显(xian)者至(zhi)(zhi)门(men),或拒不纳。时(shi)携钱至(zhi)(zhi)酒肆,呼下隶与饮;或自持斧,击破其头(tou),血流被面,头(tou)骨皆折,揉(rou)之有声;或以利(li)锥锥其两耳,深(shen)入寸余(yu),竟不得(de)死(si)。周(zhou)望言晚岁(sui)诗文(wen)(wen)益(yi)(yi)奇,无刻(ke)本,集(ji)藏于家(jia)。余(yu)同年有官越者,托(tuo)以钞录(lu),今(jin)未(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)所见者,徐文(wen)(wen)长集(ji)、阙编二种而已。然文(wen)(wen)长竟以不得(de)志于时(shi),抱愤而卒。
石公(gong)曰:「先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)数(shu)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)已,遂为(wei)狂疾;狂疾不(bu)(bu)已,遂为(wei)囹圄(yu)。古(gu)今文(wen)人(ren),牢(lao)骚困(kun)苦,未有(you)(you)(you)若先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)者也!」虽然,胡(hu)公(gong)间(jian)世(shi)豪杰,永陵英主(zhu),幕中礼数(shu)异等,是胡(hu)公(gong)知有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)矣。表上,人(ren)主(zhu)悦,是人(ren)主(zhu)知有(you)(you)(you)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)矣。独身未贵耳。先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)诗(shi)文(wen)崛(jue)起,一扫近代芜(wu)秽之(zhi)习,百世(shi)而下,自有(you)(you)(you)定论,胡(hu)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)遇哉(zai)?梅客生(sheng)尝寄予书曰:「文(wen)长吾老友(you),病奇(qi)(qi)(qi)于人(ren),人(ren)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)于诗(shi)。」余谓:「文(wen)长无之(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)者也。无之(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)奇(qi)(qi)(qi),斯无之(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)也!悲夫!」