爱上海

卷六(liu)(liu) 桓三年，尽六(liu)(liu)年

　　【经】三年，春，正月，公会齐侯于嬴。（经之首时必书“王”，明此历，天王之所班也。其或废法违常，失不班历，故不书“王”。嬴，齐邑，今泰山嬴县。
　　○经三年(nian)正月，从此尽十七年(nian)皆无“王”，唯(wei)十年(nian)有(you)。二(er)传以(yi)为义。或有(you)“王”字者非(fei)。嬴音(yin)盈。）

[疏]注“经之”至“嬴县”。
　　○正义曰：桓公元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，凡四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)於(wu)(wu)春有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春，无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)月。其馀(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，虽(sui)春有(you)(you)月，悉(xi)皆(jie)(jie)无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。《穀梁传(chuan)》曰：“桓无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，其曰王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)何(he)(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？谨始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其曰无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)何(he)(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？桓弟弑兄，臣弑君，天(tian)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)能定(ding)，诸侯不(bu)(bu)(bu)能救，百姓不(bu)(bu)(bu)能去，以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，遂(sui)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)至焉尔(er)。元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)桓也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，正与夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，正终(zhong)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，范甯注(zhu)云(yun)：“此(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)法终(zhong)治(zhi)桓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。”先儒多用《穀梁》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说。贾逵云(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，弑君，易(yi)祊(beng)田，成宋乱，无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)治(zhi)桓，二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)治(zhi)督，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正曹伯，十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)终(zhong)始(shi)治(zhi)桓。杜(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正是(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)正历(li)(li)(li)(li)从(cong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)出(chu)，故以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)班历(li)(li)(li)(li)，史乃(nai)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。明此(ci)历(li)(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)班也(ye)(ye)(ye)，其或废(fei)法违常，失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)班历(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)言此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)皆(jie)(jie)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)班历(li)(li)(li)(li)故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫规过(guo)云(yun)：“然天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)班历(li)(li)(li)(li)，经不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)事，何(he)(he)(he)得(de)(de)传(chuan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)异文(wen)(wen)？又(you)昭(zhao)(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)子朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱，经皆(jie)(jie)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，岂是(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)犹(you)(you)(you)(you)能班历(li)(li)(li)(li)？又(you)襄二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)失(shi)闰，杜(du)(du)云(yun)‘鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)顿(dun)置两(liang)闰’。又(you)哀(ai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月螽，杜(du)(du)云(yun)‘季孙虽(sui)闻仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，而不(bu)(bu)(bu)正历(li)(li)(li)(li)’。如(ru)杜(du)(du)所(suo)(suo)注(zhu)，历(li)(li)(li)(li)既天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)班，鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)何(he)(he)(he)得(de)(de)擅(shan)改(gai)？又(you)子朝奔楚，其年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)方定(ding)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)位犹(you)(you)(you)(you)且未(wei)(wei)定(ding)，诸侯不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)所(suo)(suo)奉，复(fu)有(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)尚能班历(li)(li)(li)(li)？昭(zhao)(zhao)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)，乃(nai)书(shu)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)居于狄(di)泉，则(ze)其春未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)矣。时(shi)未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，历(li)(li)(li)(li)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)出(chu)，何(he)(he)(he)故其年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)亦书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？若春秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历(li)(li)(li)(li)必(bi)是(shi)(shi)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)所(suo)(suo)班，则(ze)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)错失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)关於(wu)(wu)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)虽(sui)或知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)由辄(zhe)得(de)(de)改(gai)正。襄二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)称‘司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)过(guo)，再(zai)失(shi)闰’者(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)周司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？而杜(du)(du)《释例》云(yun)：鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)‘始(shi)觉其谬(miu)，顿(dun)置两(liang)闰，以(yi)(yi)(yi)应天(tian)正’。若历(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)班，当一(yi)论王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命，宁敢专置闰月、改(gai)易(yi)岁年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)？哀(ai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)月螽，仲(zhong)尼曰：‘火犹(you)(you)(you)(you)西流，司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)过(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’杜(du)(du)於(wu)(wu)《释例》又(you)云(yun)：‘季孙虽(sui)闻此(ci)言，犹(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)即改(gai)。明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)复(fu)螽，於(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)始(shi)悟(wu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春，乃(nai)置闰，欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)补正时(shi)历(li)(li)(li)(li)。’既言历(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)班，又(you)称鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)辄(zhe)改(gai)，改(gai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)惮(dan)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，亦复(fu)何(he)(he)(he)须王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)历(li)(li)(li)(li)？杜(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)言自(zi)相矛盾，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)立说，难得(de)(de)而通。又(you)案《春秋(qiu)》经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)文(wen)(wen)甚多，其事非一(yi)。亦如(ru)夫人(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)氏无(wu)(wu)(wu)姜，有(you)(you)姜无(wu)(wu)(wu)氏，及大(da)雨霖、廧咎如(ru)溃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)无(wu)(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，正是(shi)(shi)阙(que)文(wen)(wen)耳(er)。”今删定(ding)，知(zhi)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，非是(shi)(shi)经之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙(que)文(wen)(wen)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)失(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)班历(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)，杜(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)据，虽(sui)无(wu)(wu)(wu)明文(wen)(wen)，若必(bi)阙(que)文(wen)(wen)，止应一(yi)事两(liang)事而已(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)应一(yi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)并(bing)阙(que)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)字。杜(du)(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《周礼》有(you)(you)“颁告朔(shuo)于邦国(guo)都鄙”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)成文(wen)(wen)，故为(wei)此(ci)说。但齐桓、晋文(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)，翼戴(dai)天(tian)子，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)虽(sui)微，犹(you)(you)(you)(you)能班历(li)(li)(li)(li)。至灵王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)、景(jing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)卑微，历(li)(li)(li)(li)或诸侯所(suo)(suo)为(wei)，亦遥(yao)禀天(tian)子正朔(shuo)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)子朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱，经仍称王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)责人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。犹(you)(you)(you)(you)如(ru)大(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu)，公疾在(zai)外，虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)与小敛(lian)，亦同书(shu)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限。然则(ze)司(si)历(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)，鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)史所(suo)(suo)改(gai)，据此(ci)而言，有(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)可责？刘君不(bu)(bu)(bu)寻此(ci)旨，横生(sheng)异同，以(yi)(yi)(yi)规杜(du)(du)过(guo)，恐非其义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

夏，齐侯、卫侯胥命于蒲。申约，言以相命而不歃血也。蒲，卫地，在陈留长垣县西南。
　　○约，如字，又於妙反，歃，所洽反。垣音袁(yuan)。

六月(yue)，公(gong)会杞(qi)侯于郕。秋，七月(yue)，壬(ren)辰朔，日(ri)有(you)食(shi)(shi)之，既(ji)。无传。既(ji)，尽也(ye)。历家之说，谓(wei)日(ri)光(guang)以(yi)望时遥夺月(yue)光(guang)，故月(yue)食(shi)(shi)。日(ri)月(yue)同会，月(yue)奄(yan)日(ri)，故日(ri)食(shi)(shi)。食(shi)(shi)有(you)上(shang)下(xia)者，行有(you)高下(xia)，日(ri)光(guang)轮存而(er)(er)中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)者，相奄(yan)密，故日(ri)光(guang)溢(yi)出。皆既(ji)者，正(zheng)相当(dang)，而(er)(er)相奄(yan)间疏也(ye)。然圣人不言月(yue)食(shi)(shi)日(ri)，而(er)(er)以(yi)自食(shi)(shi)为文(wen)，阙於所不见。

[疏]注“既尽”至“不见”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)尽(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)：“既(ji)，尽(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体(ti)(ti)(ti)无光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，待(dai)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)而(er)(er)(er)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)生，半(ban)照(zhao)即为弦，全照(zhao)乃(nai)成(cheng)望(wang)(wang)。望(wang)(wang)为日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)所照(zhao)，反得(de)夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，历家之(zhi)(zhi)说，当日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)冲，有(you)(you)大(da)(da)如(ru)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)闇(an)虚。闇(an)虚当月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)必灭光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)为月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。张衡《灵宪(xian)》曰：当日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)冲，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)常不(bu)合，是(shi)(shi)谓(wei)闇(an)虚。在星则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)星微，遇月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若是(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)应(ying)每望(wang)(wang)常食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)望(wang)(wang)亦有(you)(you)不(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，由其(qi)道(dao)度异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)异(yi)道(dao)，有(you)(you)时而(er)(er)(er)交(jiao)(jiao)，交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)相(xiang)(xiang)犯，故(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)递食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。交(jiao)(jiao)在望(wang)(wang)前，朔则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，望(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；交(jiao)(jiao)在望(wang)(wang)后，望(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，后月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。交(jiao)(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)在朔，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)前，后望(wang)(wang)不(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；交(jiao)(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)在望(wang)(wang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)前，后朔不(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)(da)率一百七十三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)馀而(er)(er)(er)道(dao)始一交(jiao)(jiao)，非交(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)侵犯，故(gu)(gu)(gu)朔望(wang)(wang)不(bu)常有(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。道(dao)不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)斜(xie)(xie)照(zhao)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)更盛；道(dao)若正(zheng)(zheng)交(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)冲当月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)即灭。譬如(ru)火(huo)斜(xie)(xie)照(zhao)水，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)斜(xie)(xie)照(zhao)镜，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)水镜之(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)旁照(zhao)他物(wu)。若使(shi)镜正(zheng)(zheng)当日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，水正(zheng)(zheng)当火(huo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)水镜之(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)不(bu)能(neng)有(you)(you)照(zhao)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，亦犹是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同(tong)会，道(dao)度相(xiang)(xiang)交(jiao)(jiao)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)揜(yan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)夺月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。言(yan)(yan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)所冲，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体(ti)(ti)(ti)所映(ying)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常在朔，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常在望(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)上(shang)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，行有(you)(you)高下”，谓(wei)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南，从(cong)南入(ru)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，南下北高，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)起於(wu)下。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北，从(cong)北入(ru)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)发於(wu)高，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)行有(you)(you)高下，故(gu)(gu)(gu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《异(yi)义》云(yun)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亏於(wu)上(shang)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亏於(wu)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)(ti)，大(da)(da)小(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)同(tong)。相(xiang)(xiang)揜(yan)密者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二体(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)近(jin)(jin)，正(zheng)(zheng)映(ying)其(qi)形，故(gu)(gu)(gu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)得(de)溢出而(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)(xiang)揜(yan)疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二体(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)(xiang)远(yuan)(yuan)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)近(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)远(yuan)(yuan)，自人(ren)望(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)所映(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)广，故(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)不(bu)复(fu)能(neng)见而(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，实是(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)映(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)所在则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)体(ti)(ti)(ti)不(bu)见。圣人(ren)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)来食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)有(you)(you)物(wu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)，以自食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为文(wen)，阙於(wu)所不(bu)见也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

公(gong)子翚如齐逆(ni)女。礼，君有故(gu)则使(shi)卿逆(ni)。

[疏]注“礼君”至“卿逆”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：天子(zi)尊(zun)，无与(yu)敌，不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)亲(qin)逆(ni)，使(shi)卿逆(ni)而(er)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)临(lin)之(zhi)。诸侯则亲(qin)逆(ni)，有故(gu)(gu)得(de)使(shi)卿。八年“祭(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)逆(ni)王后(hou)(hou)于(yu)纪(ji)”，传曰(yue)(yue)“礼(li)(li)也(ye)”。是当(dang)使(shi)人，天子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)亲(qin)逆(ni)也(ye)。襄十五(wu)年传曰(yue)(yue)：“官师从单(dan)靖公(gong)(gong)(gong)逆(ni)王后(hou)(hou)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)，卿不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)，非(fei)礼(li)(li)也(ye)。”是知(zhi)天子(zi)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)，当(dang)使(shi)卿逆(ni)而(er)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)临(lin)之(zhi)也(ye)。《礼(li)(li)记·哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)问》曰(yue)(yue)：“冕而(er)亲(qin)迎，不(bu)(bu)(bu)已重乎？”孔子(zi)对曰(yue)(yue)：“合二姓之(zhi)好，以继(ji)先(xian)圣之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，以为天地宗庙社稷之(zhi)主，君(jun)何(he)谓已重乎？”此对哀(ai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)指言鲁(lu)事，是诸侯正礼(li)(li)当(dang)亲(qin)逆(ni)也(ye)。庄二十四(si)年“公(gong)(gong)(gong)如齐(qi)(qi)逆(ni)女”，丘明不(bu)(bu)(bu)为之(zhi)传，以其得(de)礼(li)(li)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。文四(si)年“逆(ni)妇姜于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)”，传曰(yue)(yue)：“卿不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)，非(fei)礼(li)(li)也(ye)。”以卿不(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)为非(fei)礼(li)(li)，知(zhi)君(jun)有故(gu)(gu)得(de)使(shi)卿逆(ni)也(ye)。

九月，齐侯送姜氏于讙。讙，鲁地。济北蛇丘县西有下讙亭。已去齐国，故不言女；未至於鲁，故不称夫人。
　　○讙，呼端反。蛇(she)，以支反。公(gong)会齐侯(hou)于讙。无传。夫人(ren)姜(jiang)氏至自齐。无传。告於庙(miao)也(ye)。不(bu)言翚以至者，齐侯(hou)送之，公(gong)受之於讙。

冬，齐侯使其弟年来聘。
　　○有(you)年。无(wu)传。五穀(gu)皆熟，书“有(you)年”。

[疏]“有年”。
　　○正义曰：年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)训为稔。谓(wei)岁(sui)(sui)为年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)者(zhe)，取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)岁(sui)(sui)穀(gu)一熟(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)义。故禾稼既(ji)(ji)收，农功毕入，以其(qi)(qi)(qi)岁(sui)(sui)丰於常(chang)，故史书“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”於策。此书“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”，宣十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)书“大(da)(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”，《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰：“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)皆(jie)熟(shu)为有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)”，“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)大(da)(da)熟(shu)为大(da)(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”杜取(qu)《穀(gu)梁(liang)》为说(shuo)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)义亦(yi)当然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼·疾医》以五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)养病，郑玄云“五(wu)(wu)穀(gu)，麻、黍、稷、麦(mai)、豆”，即《月(yue)令》五(wu)(wu)时(shi)所食穀(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。贾云“桓恶而有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丰，异之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)非其(qi)(qi)(qi)所宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。案(an)昭元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)曰：“国无(wu)道而年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)穀(gu)和(he)熟(shu)，天(tian)赞之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)岁(sui)(sui)丰为佐(zuo)助之(zhi)(zhi)非，妖异之(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君行既(ji)(ji)恶，泽不(bu)(bu)下流，遇有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)丰年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，辄以为异。是则(ze)无(wu)道之(zhi)(zhi)世，唯宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)饥，不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)丰年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，非上天(tian)佑民之(zhi)(zhi)本意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，传(chuan)(chuan)无(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)说(shuo)。《释(shi)例》曰：“刘、贾、许(xu)因(yin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，大(da)(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)经，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鸲鹆来巢，书所无(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)(chuan)，以为经诸(zhu)言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”据经螟(ming)螽不(bu)(bu)书有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，传(chuan)(chuan)发於鲁之(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)鸲鹆，不(bu)(bu)以有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)字(zi)为例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经书十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一月(yue)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此月(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。螟(ming)螽俱是非常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)谓(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宜(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

【传】三年(nian)春，曲沃(wo)(wo)武公伐(fa)翼(yi)，次于陉庭。韩万(wan)御(yu)戎，梁弘(hong)为右(you)。（武公，曲沃(wo)(wo)庄伯子也。韩万(wan)，庄伯弟也。御(yu)戎，仆(pu)也。右(you)，戎车(che)之右(you)。）

[疏]注“武公”至“之右”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：“武公，庄伯子”，“韩万，庄伯弟”，《世本》、《世家》文也。《周礼(li)》：“戎(rong)(rong)仆掌(zhang)驭戎(rong)(rong)车(che)”，“戎(rong)(rong)右(you)掌(zhang)戎(rong)(rong)车(che)之兵革使。”故知御为(wei)戎(rong)(rong)仆，右(you)是(shi)戎(rong)(rong)车(che)之右(you)也。

逐翼侯于汾隰，汾隰，汾水边。
　　○汾，扶云反，汾水名。下湿曰隰。

[疏]注“汾隰，汾水边”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《释例(li)》曰(yue)：“汾(fen)水出大原故(gu)汾(fen)阳(yang)县东(dong)南(nan)(nan)，至(zhi)晋阳(yang)县西南(nan)(nan)，经西河(he)平阳(yang)至(zhi)河(he)东(dong)汾(fen)阳(yang)县入(ru)河(he)。”《尔雅·释地(di)》云：“下(xia)湿曰(yue)隰。”知汾(fen)隰，汾(fen)水边也。

骖絓而止，骖，騑马。
　　○骖，七南反(fan)(fan)。絓，户卦反(fan)(fan)。騑，芳非反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]注“骖，騑马”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《说(shuo)文》云“騑(fei)(fei)(fei)，骖(can)(can)(can)，旁马(ma)”。是(shi)騑(fei)(fei)(fei)、骖(can)(can)(can)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。初驾(jia)(jia)马(ma)者(zhe)，以二马(ma)夹辕而(er)已，又驾(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma)，以两服(fu)为(wei)参，故谓之(zhi)(zhi)骖(can)(can)(can)。又驾(jia)(jia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma)，乃谓之(zhi)(zhi)驷。故《说(shuo)文》云：“骖(can)(can)(can)。驾(jia)(jia)三马(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，驷，一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”两服(fu)为(wei)主，以渐(jian)参之(zhi)(zhi)，两旁二马(ma)遂(sui)名为(wei)骖(can)(can)(can)。故总(zong)举一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘(cheng)则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)驷，指其騑(fei)(fei)(fei)马(ma)则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)骖(can)(can)(can)。《诗》称(cheng)“两骖(can)(can)(can)如(ru)舞”，二马(ma)皆称(cheng)骖(can)(can)(can)。《礼记》称(cheng)“说(shuo)骖(can)(can)(can)而(er)赙之(zhi)(zhi)”。一(yi)(yi)(yi)马(ma)亦称(cheng)骖(can)(can)(can)，是(shi)本其初参，遂(sui)以为(wei)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。骖(can)(can)(can)马(ma)在衡外挽靷，每絓(gua)於木，由颈不当衡故也(ye)(ye)(ye)。名騑(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)，以驷马(ma)有(you)騑(fei)(fei)(fei)騑(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)容。故《少仪》云“騑(fei)(fei)(fei)騑(fei)(fei)(fei)翼(yi)翼(yi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

夜获之，及栾共叔。共叔，桓叔之傅，栾宾之子也，身傅翼侯。父子各殉所奉之主，故并见获而死。
　　○共音恭(gong)，注同(tong)。殉，似俊(jun)反(fan)。

“会于嬴”，成昏于齐也。公不由媒介，自与齐侯会而成昏，非礼也。
　　○介音界。

[疏]注“公不”至“礼也”。
　　○正义曰：此成(cheng)昏谓聘(pin)文姜也(ye)。《诗(shi)》剌鲁(lu)桓(huan)公(gong)不能禁制(zhi)文姜，云：“取妻如之(zhi)何？匪媒不得(de)。既曰得(de)止(zhi)(zhi)，曷又极止(zhi)(zhi)。”言桓(huan)公(gong)以(yi)媒得(de)文姜。此云不由媒者，公(gong)亲会齐侯，必无媒也(ye)。《诗(shi)》举正法以(yi)剌上(shang)，传据实事以(yi)解经，故不同耳。

“夏，齐侯(hou)、卫侯(hou)胥命于蒲”，不盟也。

“公会杞(qi)侯于郕(cheng)”，杞(qi)求成也。二年入(ru)祀，故今来求成。

“秋，公子翚如齐逆女”，修先君之好，故曰“公子”。昏礼虽奉时君之命，其言必称先君以为礼辞。故公子翚逆女，传称修先君之好；公子遂逆女，传称尊君命。互举其义。
　　○好，呼(hu)报反，注同。

[疏]注“昏礼”至“其义”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：公子(zi)遂逆女，传言尊君(jun)命(ming)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)奉时君(jun)之(zhi)命(ming)也(ye)。此言“脩先君(jun)之(zhi)好(hao)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)称先君(jun)为(wei)辞(ci)也(ye)。翚(hui)、遂俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)逆女，传文各言其(qi)一，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)互举(ju)其(qi)义。《昏礼》纳采(cai)辞(ci)曰(yue)：“某(mou)(mou)有先人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)礼使某(mou)(mou)也(ye)，请(qing)(qing)纳采(cai)。”其(qi)纳徵辞(ci)曰(yue)：“某(mou)(mou)有先人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)礼使某(mou)(mou)也(ye)，请(qing)(qing)纳徵。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)男家辞(ci)也(ye)。主(zhu)人(ren)(ren)醴宾辞(ci)曰(yue)：“子(zi)为(wei)事(shi)故(gu)至於某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)室，某(mou)(mou)有先人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)礼，请(qing)(qing)醴从者。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)女家辞(ci)也(ye)。彼士礼也(ye)，故(gu)称先人(ren)(ren)。若诸(zhu)侯，则(ze)称先君(jun)。以(yi)此知其(qi)言必(bi)称先君(jun)以(yi)为(wei)礼辞(ci)。

“齐侯送姜氏”，非礼也。凡公女嫁于敌国，姊妹，则上卿送之，以礼於先君；公子，则下卿送之。於大国，虽公子，亦上卿送之。於天子，则诸卿皆行，公不自送。於小国，则上大夫送之。
　　○“齐(qi)侯(hou)送(song)姜氏”，本或作“送(song)姜氏于(yu)讙”。公子(zi)则下卿送(song)。公子(zi)，公女。

[疏]“凡公”至“送之”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：昏(hun)以相敌为(wei)(wei)耦，先(xian)以敌国(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)，然后於大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)辨其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)异。姊妹於敌国(guo)(guo)，犹(you)上(shang)卿(qing)送(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)，於大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)则(ze)上(shang)卿(qing)必矣。且姊妹礼於先(xian)君，不以所(suo)(suo)嫁轻重，虽(sui)则(ze)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)，亦使上(shang)卿(qing)送(song)(song)也。“於小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)，则(ze)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)送(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)”，文(wen)承“公(gong)子”之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)，谓送(song)(song)公(gong)子，非送(song)(song)姊妹也。《周礼》序官唯有中大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，无上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也。《礼记·王制》曰：“诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)卿(qing)。”郑玄云(yun)“上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)曰卿(qing)”，则(ze)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)即(ji)卿(qing)也，又(you)无上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)矣。而(er)此云(yun)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者，诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)制，三卿(qing)、五大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。五人之(zhi)(zhi)中，又(you)复分为(wei)(wei)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)。成三年传曰：“次国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)卿(qing)当(dang)(dang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)中，中当(dang)(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)，下(xia)(xia)当(dang)(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)卿(qing)当(dang)(dang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)卿(qing)，中当(dang)(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，下(xia)(xia)当(dang)(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)。”是(shi)分大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)也。

冬，齐仲(zhong)年来(lai)聘(pin)，致夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人也。古者女(nv)出嫁，又使大夫(fu)(fu)(fu)随加聘(pin)问，存谦敬，序(xu)殷(yin)勤也。在鲁而出，则(ze)曰(yue)致女(nv)；在他国而来(lai)，则(ze)总曰(yue)聘(pin)。故传(chuan)以致夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人释之。

[疏]注“古者”至“释之”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：经书“来聘”，传言(yan)“致夫(fu)人(ren)”，是(shi)行(xing)聘礼而(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)知使大夫(fu)随加聘问(wen)，得所以存(cun)谦敬，序殷勤也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)意言(yan)不堪(kan)事宗庙(miao)，则(ze)欲以之(zhi)(zhi)归也(ye)(ye)。成九年，“季孙行(xing)父(fu)如宋(song)致女”，与(yu)此事同(tong)(tong)而(er)文(wen)异，故(gu)(gu)辨之(zhi)(zhi)，云“在(zai)鲁而(er)出(chu)，则(ze)曰致女，在(zai)他国(guo)而(er)来，则(ze)总曰聘”。是(shi)详内略外之(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。传嫌其(qi)不同(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)以“致夫(fu)人(ren)”释之(zhi)(zhi)。

芮伯万之母芮姜恶芮伯之多宠人也，故逐之，出居于魏。为明年秦侵芮张本。芮国在冯翊临晋县。魏国，河东河北县。
　　○芮(rui)，如锐反(fan)，国(guo)名。恶，乌路(lu)反(fan)。翊音翼。

[疏]注“为明”至“北县”。
　　○正义曰：《地理志》云“冯翊临晋(jin)(jin)县(xian)芮(rui)乡，故芮(rui)国(guo)也(ye)。河(he)东郡河(he)北(bei)县(xian)，《诗》魏(wei)国(guo)也(ye)”。《世本(ben)》：芮(rui)、魏(wei)皆姬姓。《尚(shang)书·顾命》：成王将崩，有芮(rui)伯为卿士。名谥不(bu)见。魏(wei)之初(chu)封，不(bu)知何(he)人(ren)？闵元(yuan)年晋(jin)(jin)献公灭(mie)魏(wei)，芮(rui)则(ze)不(bu)知谁灭(mie)之。

【经】四年，春，正月，公狩于郎。（冬猎曰狩，行三驱之礼，得田狩之时，故传曰：“书时，礼也。周之春，夏之冬也。田狩从夏时，郎非国内之狩地，故书地。
　　○狩，手又反。夏，户雅反，下同(tong)。）

[疏(shu)]注“冬猎(lie)”至“书(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”。正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“冬猎(lie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)狩(shou)(shou)”，《尔雅(ya)·释(shi)天(tian)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《易·比(bi)卦·九五(wu)》“王(wang)(wang)用三(san)驱(qu)(qu)，失前禽(qin)(qin)(qin)”，郑玄云“王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)习(xi)兵(bing)於(wu)(wu)蒐(sou)狩(shou)(shou)，驱(qu)(qu)禽(qin)(qin)(qin)而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)，则(ze)已法(fa)军礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。失前禽(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓禽(qin)(qin)(qin)在前来(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)逆(ni)而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，旁去又不(bu)(bu)射(she)，唯(wei)(wei)背走者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，顺而(er)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)中则(ze)已。是其(qi)所以失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。用兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。降者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)杀，奔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)御(yu)，皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)敌不(bu)(bu)敌，己加以仁恩养威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道”。是说三(san)驱(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。狩(shou)(shou)猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，唯(wei)(wei)有三(san)驱(qu)(qu)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)行三(san)驱(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正礼(li)，得田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常时(shi)(shi)(shi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“书(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”善其(qi)得时(shi)(shi)(shi)明礼(li)，皆(jie)无违矣(yi)。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)春正月建(jian)子，即是夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仲冬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)·大司马》：“中冬教(jiao)大阅，遂以狩(shou)(shou)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)”，是田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)狩(shou)(shou)从夏时(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“三(san)王(wang)(wang)异(yi)正朔(shuo)，而(er)夏数为(wei)(wei)得天(tian)。虽在周(zhou)代，於(wu)(wu)言时(shi)(shi)(shi)举事，皆(jie)据夏正。故(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)以春狩(shou)(shou)，而(er)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘书(shu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”隐五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“公(gong)(gong)矢鱼于棠”，传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“言远地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。僖二十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“天(tian)王(wang)(wang)狩(shou)(shou)于河阳(yang)”，传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“言非(fei)其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。举地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)言其(qi)非(fei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)此(ci)郎，非(fei)国(guo)内之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狩(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若国(guo)内狩(shou)(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，大野是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。哀十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“西狩(shou)(shou)於(wu)(wu)大野”，经(jing)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)大野，明其(qi)得常地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)耳(er)。由此(ci)而(er)言，则(ze)狩(shou)(shou)于禚(zhuo)，蒐(sou)于红，及比(bi)蒲昌间(jian)，皆(jie)非(fei)常地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)狩(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)须有常者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)民多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)狭，唯(wei)(wei)在山(shan)泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)乃(nai)有不(bu)(bu)殖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)天(tian)子、诸(zhu)侯必於(wu)(wu)其(qi)封内择隙地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。僖三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有原圃，犹(you)秦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有具囿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是其(qi)诸(zhu)国(guo)各有常狩(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，违其(qi)常处(chu)则(ze)犯(fan)害居民。故(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

夏，天王使宰渠伯纠来聘。宰，官；渠，氏；伯纠，名也。王官之宰，当以才授位，而伯纠摄父之职，出聘列国，故书名以讥之。国史之记，必书年以集此公之事，书首时以成此年之岁，故《春秋》有空时而无事者。今不书秋冬首月，史阙文。他皆放此。
　　○纠，居黝反。

[疏]注“宰官”至“放此”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼(li)·天官(guan)》有大宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，知(zhi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)官(guan)也。传言“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)”。知(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)是(shi)名(ming)(ming)，自然渠(qu)为(wei)(wei)氏(shi)矣。《周礼(li)》：大宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，卿(qing)；小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，中大夫；宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，下(xia)大夫。未知(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)是(shi)何(he)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)也。贬之乃(nai)书名(ming)(ming)，间於法当书字。但中、下(xia)大夫例皆书字，则此宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)高下(xia)犹未可量。故(gu)(gu)注(zhu)直言王(wang)官(guan)之宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，不(bu)指小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)、宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫，慎疑故(gu)(gu)也。《诗》称(cheng)“济济多士”，书戒(jie)无(wu)旷庶官(guan)，为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)有三，择人(ren)为(wei)(wei)急。王(wang)官(guan)之宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，当以(yi)(yi)才授位，今其父(fu)(fu)居官(guan)而使(shi)子(zi)摄(she)职，是(shi)王(wang)者轻侮爵位，遭(zao)人(ren)则可故(gu)(gu)书名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)讥之。纠(jiu)之出聘(pin)，事由於王(wang)；而贬纠(jiu)者，王(wang)不(bu)应授纠(jiu)，纠(jiu)不(bu)应受(shou)使(shi)，二(er)者俱有其过，贬纠(jiu)亦所以(yi)(yi)责王(wang)，如(ru)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)咺之比也。《春秋》编年之书，四(si)时毕(bi)具，乃(nai)得为(wei)(wei)年。此无(wu)秋、冬，知(zhi)是(shi)史阙(que)(que)文也。旧史先(xian)阙(que)(que)，故(gu)(gu)仲(zhong)尼因之。《膏肓》何(he)休以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)《左氏(shi)》宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)渠(qu)伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)”，仍叔(shu)(shu)之子(zi)何(he)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)名(ming)(ming)？又仍叔(shu)(shu)之子(zi)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)“父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)，称(cheng)子(zi)”，伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai)，何(he)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)称(cheng)子(zi)？郑(zheng)箴之云：“仍叔(shu)(shu)之子(zi)者，讥其幼(you)弱，故(gu)(gu)略言子(zi)，不(bu)名(ming)(ming)之。至於伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)能(neng)堪聘(pin)事私觌，又不(bu)失子(zi)道，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)且字也。”郑(zheng)氏(shi)所箴与杜同。云伯(bo)(bo)纠(jiu)名(ming)(ming)且字非杜义。

【传】四年，春(chun)，正月，公(gong)狩于(yu)郎。书时(shi)，礼也。（郎非狩地，故书时(shi)合礼。）

[疏]注“郎非”至“合礼”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：春秋之(zhi)世(shi)，狩猎多矣！见(jian)於(wu)经者无数(shu)事(shi)焉(yan)，良由得(de)时(shi)得(de)地(di)(di)(di)则常(chang)(chang)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)故(gu)也(ye)。以获(huo)麟(lin)在(zai)於(wu)大野，得(de)地(di)(di)(di)则不(bu)(bu)书(shu)其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)，知地(di)(di)(di)、时(shi)并得(de)，则例皆不(bu)(bu)书(shu)。此(ci)书(shu)“公(gong)狩于郎(lang)”，必是有(you)所(suo)讥(ji)剌(la)。所(suo)剌(la)之(zhi)意，在(zai)於(wu)失常(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。但传於(wu)棠与河阳，已云“言非其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)”，则非地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)责於(wu)理巳(si)见(jian)；而此(ci)狩得(de)时(shi)，恐(kong)并时(shi)亦剌(la)，駮出(chu)合礼，而非礼自(zi)明。故(gu)注申其(qi)意，言郎(lang)非狩地(di)(di)(di)，唯时(shi)合礼。以时(shi)合礼，地(di)(di)(di)非礼也(ye)。《公(gong)羊传》曰：“常(chang)(chang)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)，此(ci)何(he)以书(shu)？讥(ji)，何(he)讥(ji)尔？远也(ye)。”《公(gong)羊》说诸侯游戏不(bu)(bu)得(de)过郊，故(gu)有(you)远近(jin)之(zhi)言。左氏无此(ci)义。要言远者，亦是讥(ji)其(qi)失常(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)。

夏，周宰渠伯纠来聘。父在，故名。

秋，秦师(shi)侵芮，败(bai)焉，小(xiao)之(zhi)也。秦以芮小(xiao)，轻之(zhi)，故为(wei)芮所败(bai)。

冬(dong)，王师、秦师围魏，执芮(rui)(rui)伯(bo)以(yi)归。三年，芮(rui)(rui)伯(bo)出居(ju)魏，芮(rui)(rui)更立君。秦为(wei)芮(rui)(rui)所败，故以(yi)芮(rui)(rui)伯(bo)归，将欲纳之(zhi)。

【经】五年，春，正月，甲戌，已丑，陈侯鲍卒。（未同盟而书名者，来赴以名故也。甲戌，前年十二月二十一日。已丑，此年正月六日。陈乱，故再赴。赴虽曰异，而皆以正月起文，故但书正月。慎疑审事，故从、赴两书。
　　○鲍(bao)，步饱反。）

[疏]注“未同”至“两书”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：僖二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传例曰(yue)：“赴(fu)以(yi)名(ming)，则亦(yi)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)。”检经、传，鲁未(wei)(wei)与陈(chen)(chen)盟(meng)而(er)书(shu)鲍名(ming)，知其(qi)(qi)来赴(fu)以(yi)名(ming)故(gu)(gu)也。隐(yin)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)“蔡侯考父卒”，注云(yun)：“盖(gai)春秋前(qian)与惠(hui)(hui)公盟(meng)，故(gu)(gu)赴(fu)以(yi)名(ming)。”案《史记·年(nian)(nian)(nian)表》，隐(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)是(shi)陈(chen)(chen)桓公之(zhi)(zhi)二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，则桓公亦(yi)得(de)与惠(hui)(hui)公盟(meng)。而(er)云(yun)未(wei)(wei)同(tong)盟(meng)者，以(yi)蔡侯之(zhi)(zhi)卒去(qu)惠(hui)(hui)尚近，故(gu)(gu)疑与惠(hui)(hui)公盟(meng)。此(ci)去(qu)惠(hui)(hui)公年(nian)(nian)(nian)月(yue)(yue)己远，且自隐(yin)公以(yi)来陈(chen)(chen)、鲁未(wei)(wei)尝交好，於惠(hui)(hui)公之(zhi)(zhi)世亦(yi)似无盟(meng)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)未(wei)(wei)同(tong)盟(meng)解之(zhi)(zhi)也。以(yi)《长历(li)》推之(zhi)(zhi)，知甲(jia)戌、己丑别月(yue)(yue)，而(er)赴(fu)者并言(yan)正月(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)两(liang)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)日而(er)共言(yan)正月(yue)(yue)。若其(qi)(qi)各以(yi)月(yue)(yue)赴(fu)，亦(yi)应(ying)两(liang)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)。但此(ci)异年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)事，设令两(liang)以(yi)月(yue)(yue)赴(fu)，则当以(yi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)云(yun)十(shi)二月(yue)(yue)甲(jia)戌陈(chen)(chen)侯鲍卒；五年(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)(yue)己丑陈(chen)(chen)侯鲍卒。

夏，齐(qi)侯、郑伯(bo)如(ru)纪(ji)。外相朝皆言如(ru)。齐(qi)欲灭(mie)纪(ji)，纪(ji)人惧而(er)来告，故书。

[疏]注“外相”至“故书”。
　　○正义曰：传言(yan)(yan)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)，经言(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)。知(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)即朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)也(ye)。下文“州公(gong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)曹”与(yu)此相类，故云(yun)(yun)“外(wai)(wai)相朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)皆(jie)言(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)”也(ye)。鲁出朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘，例言(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，独言(yan)(yan)外(wai)(wai)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)，经有“公(gong)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)王所(suo)”，以不(bu)(bu)尽(jin)云(yun)(yun)公(gong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)，故独云(yun)(yun)外(wai)(wai)也(ye)。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘而(er)谓之(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)者(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)雅·释诂》云(yun)(yun)：“如(ru)(ru)(ru)，往(wang)也(ye)”。朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)，两君相见(jian)，揖让两楹(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)。聘者(zhe)(zhe)，使(shi)卿通问邻国，执圭以致君命(ming)，据行(xing)礼(li)(li)(li)而(er)为言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。鲁之(zhi)(zhi)君臣出適他国，始行(xing)即书(shu)(shu)(shu)於策，未知(zhi)成礼(li)(li)(li)与(yu)否。经每有在涂乃复，是礼(li)(li)(li)未必成，故直云(yun)(yun)如(ru)(ru)(ru)。言(yan)(yan)其往(wang)彼国耳，不(bu)(bu)果必成朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聘也(ye)。公(gong)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)王所(suo)，则朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)讫(qi)乃书(shu)(shu)(shu)，故指朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。此齐、郑朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)纪(ji)(ji)，亦(yi)应朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)讫(qi)乃告。但(dan)略外(wai)(wai)，故言(yan)(yan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)耳。外(wai)(wai)相朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)例不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)，而(er)此独书(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，传言(yan)(yan)“欲以袭纪(ji)(ji)，纪(ji)(ji)人知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)”。明其惧而(er)告鲁，故书(shu)(shu)(shu)也(ye)。

天(tian)王使仍叔之子来聘。仍叔，天(tian)子之大(da)夫，称(cheng)仍叔之子，本(ben)於父字，幼(you)弱之辞也。讥使童子出(chu)聘。

[疏]注“仍叔”至“出聘”。
　　○正义曰：天子(zi)(zi)大夫例(li)皆书字，仍(reng)氏(shi)叔(shu)字，知是天子(zi)(zi)大夫也。《公(gong)羊(yang)》、《穀梁》皆以(yi)仍(reng)叔(shu)之子(zi)(zi)为(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)老代父(fu)(fu)(fu)从(cong)政(zheng)，左氏(shi)直云弱也。言(yan)其幼弱，不言(yan)父(fu)(fu)(fu)在，则是代父(fu)(fu)(fu)嗣位(wei)，非(fei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)在也。伯纠身未居官(guan)，摄行父(fu)(fu)(fu)事，故(gu)称名以(yi)贬之。此子(zi)(zi)虽己嗣位(wei)，而未堪从(cong)政(zheng)，故(gu)系(xi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)讥之。讥王使(shi)童子(zi)(zi)出聘也。苏氏(shi)用《公(gong)羊(yang)》、《穀梁》之义，以(yi)为(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)老来聘，非(fei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)没。义或当然。

葬陈桓公。无传。

城祝丘。无传(chuan)。齐、郑(zheng)将袭纪故。

秋，蔡人、卫人、陈人从王伐郑。王自为伐郑之主，君臣之辞也。王师败不书，不以告。
　　○从，如(ru)字，又(you)才用反。

大雩。传例曰：书，不时也。失龙见之时。
　　○雩(yu)音(yin)于(yu)，祭名。见，贤遍反。

螽。无传。蚣蝑之属为灾，故书。
　　○螽音终。蚣，相容反。蝑，相鱼反。

[疏]注“蚣蝑”至“故书”。
　　○正义曰：《释(shi)蟲》云(yun)(yun)：“蜇螽，蜙(song)蝑(xu)(xu)。”杨(yang)雄《方言》云(yun)(yun)：“舂(chong)黍谓(wei)之蚣蝑(xu)(xu)。”陆机《毛诗疏》云(yun)(yun)：“幽州人谓(wei)之舂(chong)箕。舂(chong)箕即舂(chong)黍，蝗(huang)(huang)类也。长(zhang)而(er)青，股鸣者。或(huo)谓(wei)似蝗(huang)(huang)而(er)小，班黑，其股状如(ru)玳(dai)瑁叉，五月中，以两股相切(qie)作声，闻(wen)十数步。”《尔(er)雅(ya)》又有(you)蟿螽、土螽。樊尤云(yun)(yun)皆(jie)蜙(song)蝑(xu)(xu)之属(shu)。然则螽之种类多，故言属(shu)以包之。传称“凡物不(bu)(bu)为(wei)灾(zai)，不(bu)(bu)书(shu)”。知此(ci)为(wei)灾(zai)，故书(shu)。

冬，州公如曹。不书奔，以朝出也。为下实来书也。曹国，今济阴定陶县。
　　○陶(tao)，同劳反。

[疏]“州公如曹”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼》：公之地封疆方五百里，侯四百里，伯三百里，子二百里，男一百里。隐五年《公羊传》曰：“天子三公称公，王者之后称公，其馀大国称侯，小国称伯、子、男。”然则三公之外，爵称公者，唯二王之后杞与宋耳。此“州公”及僖五年“晋人执虞公”并是。小国而得称公者，郑玄《王制》注以为殷地三等：百里，七十里，五十里。武王克殷，虽制五等之爵，而因殷三等之地。及周公制礼，大国五百里，小国百里。所因殷之诸侯亦以功黜陟之。其不满者，皆益之地为百里焉。是以周世有爵尊而国小，爵卑而国大者。言爵尊国小，盖指此州公、虞公也。案虞是克商始封，非为殷之馀国。郑玄之言不可通於此矣。杜之所解，亦无明言。唯《世族谱》云：“虞，姬姓。武王克商，封虞仲之庶孙以为虞仲之后，处中国为西吴，后世谓之虞公。”服虔云春秋前，以黜陟之法进爵为公，未知孰是？或可尝为三公之官，若虢公之属，故称公也。以其无文，故备言之。刘炫难服云：周法，二王之后乃得称公。虽复周公、大公之勋，齐桓、晋文之霸，位止通侯，未升上等。州有何功，得迁公爵？若其爵得称公，土亦应广，安得爵为上公，地仍小国？若地被兼，黜爵，亦宜减，安得地既削小，爵尚尊崇？此则理之不通也。
　　○注“不书”至“陶县”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：如(ru)者，朝(chao)也(ye)(ye)。以朝(chao)出国，不得书奔(ben)，外朝(chao)不书，以因来向鲁，故书其本也(ye)(ye)。《世本》：州国姜姓，曹(cao)(cao)国伯爵。《谱》云(yun)：“曹(cao)(cao)，姬姓，文王(wang)子叔振(zhen)铎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)。武王(wang)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陶丘，今(jin)济阴定陶县是也(ye)(ye)。桓公三十五(wu)年，鲁隐公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)年也(ye)(ye)。伯阳立十五(wu)年，鲁哀公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)八年，而宋灭曹(cao)(cao)。”《地(di)理志》云(yun)：济阴郡定陶县。”《诗(shi)》曹(cao)(cao)国是也(ye)(ye)。

【传】“五年，春，正月，甲戌，已丑，陈侯鲍卒”。再赴也。於是陈乱，文公子佗杀太子免而代之。（佗，桓公弟五父也。称文公子，明佗非桓公母弟也。免，桓公大子。
　　○佗，大河反(fan)。免音问(wen)。父音甫。公(gong)疾病而乱作，国人(ren)分散，故(gu)再(zai)赴。）

[疏]“公疾病”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：郑玄《论语》注(zhu)云：“病谓疾益困也。”

夏，齐侯、郑(zheng)伯朝于纪，欲以袭之(zhi)。纪人(ren)知之(zhi)。

王夺郑伯政，郑伯不朝。夺，不使知王政。
　　○袭音习。

[疏]注“夺，不使知王政”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：隐三年(nian)传称(cheng)“王(wang)贰于(yu)虢(guo)(guo)”，谓欲分政(zheng)於虢(guo)(guo)，不复(fu)(fu)专任(ren)郑(zheng)伯(bo)也。及(ji)平王(wang)崩，周人将畀虢(guo)(guo)公(gong)政(zheng)，即周郑(zheng)交恶，未得与(yu)之。八年(nian)传曰：“虢(guo)(guo)公(gong)忌(ji)父始作卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)于(yu)周。”於是始与(yu)之政(zheng)，共郑(zheng)伯(bo)分王(wang)政(zheng)矣。九年(nian)传曰：“郑(zheng)伯(bo)为王(wang)左卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)。”然则虢(guo)(guo)公(gong)为右卿(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)，与(yu)郑(zheng)伯(bo)夹辅王(wang)也。此言王(wang)夺(duo)郑(zheng)伯(bo)政(zheng)，全夺(duo)与(yu)虢(guo)(guo)，不使郑(zheng)伯(bo)复(fu)(fu)知王(wang)政(zheng)，故郑(zheng)伯(bo)积(ji)恨，不复(fu)(fu)朝(chao)王(wang)。

秋，王以诸侯伐郑，郑伯御之。王为中军；虢公林父将右军，蔡人、卫人属焉；虢公林父，王卿士。
　　○将，音子匠反，下及注“大将”同。周公黑肩将左军，陈人属焉。黑肩，周桓公也。郑子元请为左拒，以当蔡人、卫人；子元，郑公子。拒，方陈。
　　○拒，俱甫反，下同。陈，直觐反，下文“之陈”反，注同。为右拒，以当陈人，曰：“陈乱，民莫有斗心。若先犯之，必奔。王卒顾之，必乱。蔡、卫不枝，固将先奔。不能相枝持也。
　　○卒，尊忽反，下同。既而萃於王卒，可以集事。”从之。萃，聚也。集，成也。
　　○萃，似类反。曼伯为右拒，曼伯，檀伯。
　　○曼音万。

[疏]注“曼伯檀伯”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：十(shi)五年传曰(yue)：“郑伯(bo)因(yin)栎人杀檀伯(bo)。”昭十(shi)一年传曰(yue)：“郑京、栎实(shi)杀曼伯(bo)。”知一人也。

祭仲足为左拒，原繁、高渠弥以中军奉公，为鱼丽之陈。先偏后伍，伍承弥缝。《司马法》：车战二十五乘为偏，以车居前，以伍次之，承偏之隙而弥缝阙漏也。五人为伍，此盖鱼丽陈法。
　　○丽，力之(zhi)反，注同。缝，扶容反。乘，绳证反。

[疏]注“司马”至“陈法”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《史记》称齐(qi)(qi)景公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，有田穰(rang)苴善用兵，景公尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，位为大司马(ma)。六国(guo)时，齐(qi)(qi)威王用兵行威，大放穰(rang)苴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，乃使大夫追论(lun)古者司马(ma)兵法，而附穰(rang)苴其中，凡一百五十篇，号(hao)曰(yue)《司马(ma)法》。“车(che)战二(er)十五乘为偏(pian)”，是彼文(wen)也。“五人为伍”，《周礼·司马(ma)序官》文(wen)也。

战于繻葛。繻葛，郑地。
　　○繻音须。命二拒曰：“旝动而鼓！”旝，旃也，通帛为之，盖今大将之麾也，执以为号令。
　　○旝，古(gu)外反(fan)，又古(gu)活反(fan)，本亦作桧。建大木，置石其(qi)上，发机(ji)以(yi)磓敌。麾(hui)，许危反(fan)。

[疏]注“旝旃”至“号令”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：旝(guai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为旃(zhan)(zhan)，事无(wu)所(suo)出，说者相(xiang)传(chuan)(chuan)为然。成(cheng)二(er)年传(chuan)(chuan)：张侯曰(yue)：“师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)目，在吾旗鼓，进退(tui)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)在军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，视将(jiang)旗以进退(tui)也(ye)。今命二(er)拒，命旝(guai)动(dong)而鼓，望旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)，鼓以进兵。明旝(guai)是(shi)可(ke)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。又(you)旝(guai)字从(cong)<方人(ren)>，旌旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，故(gu)知旝(guai)为旃(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。《周礼·司(si)常》“通帛(bo)(bo)(bo)为<巾(jin)(jin)亶>”，故(gu)云通帛(bo)(bo)(bo)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谓通用(yong)一(yi)绛(jiang)帛(bo)(bo)(bo)，无(wu)画饰也(ye)。郑玄云：“凡旌旗，有军(jun)(jun)(jun)众(zhong)者画异物(wu)，无(wu)者帛(bo)(bo)(bo)而已。”乡(xiang)遂大(da)夫，或(huo)(huo)载(zai)<巾(jin)(jin)亶>，或(huo)(huo)载(zai)物(wu)，众(zhong)属军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)无(wu)所(suo)将(jiang)。如郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，则将(jiang)不得建旃(zhan)(zhan)。而此军(jun)(jun)(jun)得有旃(zhan)(zhan)者，僖(xi)二(er)十八年传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)：“城濮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战(zhan)，晋(jin)中军(jun)(jun)(jun)风于(yu)泽(ze)，亡(wang)大(da)旆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左旃(zhan)(zhan)。”是(shi)知战(zhan)必有旃(zhan)(zhan)，故(gu)以旝(guai)为旃(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)。郑氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，自(zi)谓治兵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时出军(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)建，不废战(zhan)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上犹自(zi)用(yong)旃(zhan)(zhan)指麾(hui)。今时为军(jun)(jun)(jun)，犹以旌麾(hui)号(hao)令，故(gu)云“盖今大(da)将(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麾(hui)，执(zhi)以为号(hao)令也(ye)”。贾逵以旝(guai)为发(fa)石(shi)，一(yi)曰(yue)飞(fei)石(shi)，引《范蠡兵法》作飞(fei)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事以证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《说文》亦云“建大(da)木，置石(shi)其(qi)上，发(fa)其(qi)机以追敌”，与贾同也(ye)。案《范蠡兵法》虽有飞(fei)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，不言(yan)名(ming)为旝(guai)也(ye)。发(fa)石(shi)非(fei)旌旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比。《说文》载(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)<方人(ren)>部，而以飞(fei)石(shi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为不类(lei)矣。且(qie)三军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong)，人(ren)多路远(yuan)，发(fa)石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动(dong)，何以可(ke)见！而使(shi)二(er)拒准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为击(ji)鼓候也(ye)。注(zhu)以旃(zhan)(zhan)说为长，故(gu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

蔡、卫、陈皆奔，王卒乱，郑师合以攻之，王卒大败。祝聃射王中肩，王亦能军。虽军败身伤，犹殿而不奔，故言能军。
　　○射，食亦反。中，丁仲反。殿，多见反。祝聃请从之。公曰：“君子不欲多上人，况敢陵天子乎？苟自救也，社稷无陨，多矣。”郑於此收兵自退。
　　○陨，于敏反。夜，郑伯使祭足劳王，且问左右。祭足即祭仲之字，盖名仲，字仲足也。“劳王”，“问左右”，言郑志在苟免，王讨之非也。
　　○劳，力报反(fan)，注同(tong)。名(ming)仲(zhong)字仲(zhong)足(zu)，一本作名(ming)仲(zhong)字足(zu)。

[疏]注“祭足”至“非也”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：隐元年传称“祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”，上云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)。此(ci)云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)足(zu)(zu)。十一年传云(yun)(yun)：“祭(ji)封人(ren)(ren)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)。”此(ci)人(ren)(ren)虽名(ming)(ming)(ming)字(zi)(zi)互见，而不知孰字(zi)(zi)孰名(ming)(ming)(ming)。《公(gong)羊》以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为字(zi)(zi)。左(zuo)氏(shi)先儒亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)为字(zi)(zi)。但《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)卿嘉(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)乃书(shu)字(zi)(zi)。十一年经书(shu)祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，而事无(wu)(wu)可嘉(jia)。注意(yi)以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“名(ming)(ming)(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，字(zi)(zi)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)”。《释例(li)》曰：“伯、仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、叔(shu)、季，固(gu)人(ren)(ren)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)常，然古(gu)今亦(yi)有以(yi)(yi)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)者，而《公(gong)羊》守株(zhu)，专谓祭(ji)氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为字(zi)(zi)。既(ji)谓之(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)，无(wu)(wu)辞以(yi)(yi)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)，因讬以(yi)(yi)行权。人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)而善(shan)其(qi)行权逐君，是(shi)乱人(ren)(ren)伦坏大(da)教也。说(shuo)(shuo)《左(zuo)氏(shi)》者，知其(qi)不可，更云(yun)(yun)郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)嘉(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)字(zi)(zi)告(gao)，故(gu)(gu)书(shu)字(zi)(zi)。此(ci)为因有告(gao)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)苟免(mian)，未是(shi)《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)也。宰渠伯纠、萧叔(shu)大(da)心(xin)皆以(yi)(yi)伯、叔(shu)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)，则仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也。传又曰祭(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)(zu)，或(huo)(huo)偏称仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，或(huo)(huo)偏称足(zu)(zu)，盖名(ming)(ming)(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，字(zi)(zi)足(zu)(zu)也。”是(shi)辨其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也。凡(fan)传所记(ji)事，必有意(yi)存焉。此(ci)丁宁说(shuo)(shuo)郑(zheng)，言其(qi)志在苟免(mian)。知其(qi)意(yi)言王讨之(zhi)(zhi)非也。

仍叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)，弱也。仍叔(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)来聘，童子(zi)将(jiang)命，无速反之(zhi)(zhi)心，久留在(zai)鲁，故经书夏聘，传释之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)末秋。

[疏]注“仍叔”至“末秋”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：此子(zi)来聘(pin)，传虽不言(yan)聘(pin)意，盖为将伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)而遣告鲁也。经在伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)之(zhi)上(shang)，传在伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)之(zhi)下，明(ming)其(qi)必有深意。故注者原(yuan)之(zhi)，以为“童(tong)子(zi)将命，无速反之(zhi)心，久留在鲁。故经书夏聘(pin)，传释之(zhi)於末(mo)(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)”，讥其(qi)夏至而秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)末(mo)(mo)反也。下句更言(yan)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，大雩”，则(ze)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)未(wei)为末(mo)(mo)。注云末(mo)(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者，上(shang)有“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)，王以诸侯伐(fa)(fa)郑(zheng)”，此仍叔之(zhi)文(wen)在秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)事(shi)之(zhi)末(mo)(mo)，故云末(mo)(mo)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)也。下文(wen)更云秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)者，自为欲显天时，更别(bie)言(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。

“秋，大雩”。书，不时也。十二公传唯此年及襄二十六年有两秋，此发雩祭之例，欲显天时以相事，故重言秋，异於凡事。
　　○重，直用(yong)反。

[疏]注“十二”至“凡事”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：上既言(yan)“秋，王以诸(zhu)侯伐郑”，而此复言(yan)秋，故解之(zhi)方发雩祭之(zhi)例，须辨雩祭之(zhi)月，欲显言(yan)天时(shi)，以指怠(dai)慢(man)之(zhi)事。故重言(yan)秋，异於(wu)凡事，凡事则不须每事重举时(shi)也。襄(xiang)二十六年重言(yan)秋者，彼(bi)注自(zi)释“中(zhong)间有‘初(chu)’，不言(yan)秋，则嫌楚客过在他年”。

凡祀，启蛰而郊，言凡祀，通下三句天地宗庙之事也。启蛰，夏正建寅之月，祀天南郊。
　　○蛰，直立反。正音(yin)征。

[疏]注“言凡”至“南郊”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：下三(san)(san)句谓雩(yu)、尝(chang)(chang)(chang)、烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雩(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，尝(chang)(chang)(chang)、烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)宗庙(miao)。此(ci)(ci)无(wu)(wu)祭(ji)地(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祭(ji)地(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)，因天(tian)(tian)(tian)连言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)耳(er)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)，地(di)(di)祇曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祭(ji)，人鬼(gui)(gui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)享。对(dui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)别为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)名(ming)(ming)，散则(ze)(ze)(ze)总(zong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)号。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。鲁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，得(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祀(si)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)雩(yu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)帝(di)(di)。书(shu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鲁得(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)地(di)(di)，盖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鲁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祭(ji)地(di)(di)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)注(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)(fa)凡言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)例(li)(li)(li)(li)，虽(sui)因鲁史经文(wen)，然(ran)凡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)论，总(zong)包(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)及(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)国(guo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)“凡公(gong)嫁女(nv)於天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，诸(zhu)卿皆(jie)(jie)(jie)行”及(ji)(ji)“王(wang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小童”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)凡祀(si)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)总(zong)包(bao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)国(guo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)祭(ji)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)连言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“凡祀(si)，举(ju)(ju)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)雩(yu)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)地(di)(di)祇人鬼(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他群祀(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)录可知(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礿祠(ci)及(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)祗(zhi)(zhi)，经无(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)备言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)约文(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)包(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”礿祠(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)过则(ze)(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书(shu)，但(dan)无(wu)(wu)过时(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)经不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)耳(er)。《夏(xia)(xia)(xia)小正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)发(fa)(fa)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)汉(han)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。及(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)初(chu)(chu)(chu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)，更改(gai)气(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迄(qi)于今，踵而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)。今历正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小满中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)小雪中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，注(zhu)(zhu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)句为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)寅(yin)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)巳、建(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，龙见(jian)当(dang)小满，始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杀当(dang)秋分(fen)(fen)(fen)，闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)小雪。晋(jin)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“历法(fa)(fa)(fa)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)立(li)(li)春(chun)(chun)(chun)，启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，因传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)远取汉(han)初(chu)(chu)(chu)气(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)，欲(yu)令(ling)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)与历合。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可强(qiang)同。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)虽(sui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)理亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“案(an)历法(fa)(fa)(fa)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)龙见(jian)、始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杀、闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。比(bi)古(gu)人所(suo)名(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，然(ran)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)推不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)异(yi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘火伏而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)者(zhe)(zhe)毕(bi)。’此(ci)(ci)谓十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)遂闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。犹(you)(you)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惊(jing)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，既启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，遂惊(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走出(chu)，始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)又(you)(you)(you)自闭(bi)(bi)塞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。注(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)遂闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)半(ban)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蟲(chong)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)户，二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)(chu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)惊(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)走出(chu)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)半(ban)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)蟲(chong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)闭(bi)(bi)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)(chu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)遂闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称四(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)举(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)卜此(ci)(ci)祭(ji)，次月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)(chu)气(qi)(qi)仍是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)限，次月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)过时(shi)。既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，又(you)(you)(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)遂闭(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，欲(yu)见(jian)闭(bi)(bi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)、冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“孟献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)耕。’耕谓春(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)得(de)(de)(de)启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当(dang)卜郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)应过春(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”春(chun)(chun)(chun)分(fen)(fen)(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》又(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“僖公(gong)、襄公(gong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卜郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，但(dan)讥(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非(fei)所(suo)宜卜，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)卯(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犹(you)(you)可郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，知(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)犹(you)(you)可烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)由(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)卻月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)前，未涉(she)(she)后(hou)(hou)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)耳(er)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)限，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)举(ju)(ju)候(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“凡十(shi)(shi)(shi)二月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)，共通(tong)三(san)(san)百六十(shi)(shi)(shi)六日(ri)(ri)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)，间之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闰(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)未必(bi)恒在其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)(chu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)恒在其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)举(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)宿、气(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”土功作者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“龙见(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毕(bi)务，戒事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。火见(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致用(yong)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)昏正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)栽，日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毕(bi)，此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)准也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)凡候(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)时(shi)，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)参差故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)象，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司马职》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)，献(xian)禽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享礿”，“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)冬(dong)，献(xian)禽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)享烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，非(fei)谓孟月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)祭(ji)宗庙(miao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。盖言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下限也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”下限至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)上(shang)(shang)限起於孟月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)起建(jian)(jian)(jian)亥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)起建(jian)(jian)(jian)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，谓建(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)下限也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)下限，则(ze)(ze)(ze)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭(ji)。春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)，得(de)(de)(de)常不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)八年书(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“经书(shu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，得(de)(de)(de)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)复烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)过烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。若但(dan)书(shu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)唯可知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非(fei)时(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先发(fa)(fa)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)继书(shu)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示非(fei)时(shi)，并明再烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)渎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过时(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)前有(you)(you)(you)(you)卻，若使节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)前月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卻，即(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)非(fei)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)“秋，大(da)(da)(da)(da)雩(yu)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)午之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)耳(er)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)”，明涉(she)(she)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)讥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)：“龙星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体毕(bi)见(jian)，谓立(li)(li)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，得(de)(de)(de)此(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)当(dang)卜祀(si)，过涉(she)(she)次节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)过而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)秋雩(yu)书(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)，此(ci)(ci)涉(she)(she)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)秋节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)涉(she)(she)立(li)(li)秋节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓涉(she)(she)立(li)(li)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)气(qi)(qi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。过涉(she)(she)次节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，非(fei)初(chu)(chu)(chu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涉(she)(she)初(chu)(chu)(chu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。如此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)注(zhu)(zhu)，必(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)方始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟春(chun)(chun)(chun)未得(de)(de)(de)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)·明堂(tang)位(wei)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“鲁君(jun)孟春(chun)(chun)(chun)乘大(da)(da)(da)(da)辂，载弧(hu)韣，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祀(si)帝(di)(di)於郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。季夏(xia)(xia)(xia)六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禘(di)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)祀(si)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)於太庙(miao)。”季夏(xia)(xia)(xia)，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，即(ji)孟春(chun)(chun)(chun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)矣。又(you)(you)(you)《杂记(ji)(ji)(ji)》云(yun)：“孟献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)事(shi)於上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)事(shi)於祖。七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禘(di)，献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’”如彼《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》文(wen)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)鲁郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孟春(chun)(chun)(chun)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》后(hou)(hou)人所(suo)录，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)否，未必(bi)所(suo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。襄七年传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)孟献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”，《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》、《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》俱称献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，一(yi)(yi)(yi)人两说，必(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)谬者(zhe)(zhe)。若七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禘(di)，献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)应有(you)(you)(you)(you)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)禘(di)矣。烝(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)过则(ze)(ze)(ze)书(shu)，禘(di)过亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)应书(shu)。何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)禘(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)(zhi)献(xian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)本无(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)云(yun)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)(ji)》是(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《左传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《明堂(tang)位(wei)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)，盖春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，鲁稍(shao)僣侈。见(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，便以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀(si)帝(di)(di)。《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)察其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本，遂谓正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常。《明堂(tang)位(wei)》后(hou)(hou)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末章云(yun)鲁君(jun)臣“未尝(chang)(chang)(chang)相(xiang)弑(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐(le)刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)政俗(su)未尝(chang)(chang)(chang)相(xiang)变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)，三(san)(san)君(jun)见(jian)弑(shi)，髽而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)吊，士有(you)(you)(you)(you)诔(lei)，俗(su)变多(duo)矣！尚云(yun)无(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)既诬，则(ze)(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)难信。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知(zhi)(zhi)《记(ji)(ji)(ji)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)孟春(chun)(chun)(chun)非(fei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄注(zhu)(zhu)书(shu)，多(duo)用(yong)谶(chen)纬(wei)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六，地(di)(di)祗(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二，天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)，又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)；地(di)(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)昆(kun)仑(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)神(shen)，又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司乐(le)》冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)於圜(yuan)丘(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)，祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)皇大(da)(da)(da)(da)帝(di)(di)北(bei)辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)》四(si)(si)(si)时(shi)迎气(qi)(qi)於四(si)(si)(si)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，所(suo)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)祭(ji)五(wu)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)宫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，五(wu)帝(di)(di)坐(zuo)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)(chun)(chun)秋纬(wei)·文(wen)耀钩》云(yun)：大(da)(da)(da)(da)微(wei)宫有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)帝(di)(di)坐(zuo)星(xing)(xing)，苍(cang)帝(di)(di)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)威仰(yang)，赤帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)赤熛怒，黄帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)含(han)枢(shu)纽，白帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)白招拒(ju)，黑帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)汁光纪(ji)。五(wu)德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)谓此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，祭(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)焉(yan)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人木(mu)德(de)(de)祭(ji)灵(ling)(ling)威仰(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，曾无(wu)(wu)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)，唯祭(ji)灵(ling)(ling)威仰(yang)耳(er)。唯郑玄立(li)(li)此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)先儒悉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)王(wang)肃作《圣证(zheng)论》引群书(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)，圜(yuan)丘(qiu)即(ji)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)体唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)，安(an)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)六天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。晋(jin)武帝(di)(di)，王(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外孙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，泰始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)定，南北(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祭(ji)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，用(yong)王(wang)肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。杜(du)君(jun)身(shen)处晋(jin)朝，共遵王(wang)说。《集解》、《释(shi)例(li)(li)(li)(li)》都不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)二天(tian)(tian)(tian)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)杜(du)意(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)祭(ji)，鲁人启(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)蛰(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，犹(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，但(dan)异(yi)时(shi)祭(ji)耳(er)！此(ci)(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)直云(yun)祀(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灵(ling)(ling)威仰(yang)，明与郑异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)炫(xuan)云(yun)：“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)(tian)(tian)，后(hou)(hou)稷配(pei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)喾配(pei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”

龙见而雩，龙见，建巳之月。苍龙，宿之体，昏见东方。万物始盛，待雨而大，故祭天，远为百穀祈膏雨。
　　○见(jian)，贤遍反，注(zhu)同。宿音秀。为，于伪反。

[疏]注“龙见”至“膏雨”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《天官》：东方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)尽(jin)为(wei)(wei)苍龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿。见(jian)，谓(wei)合(he)昏见(jian)也(ye)。雩(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)远(yuan)也(ye)，远(yuan)为(wei)(wei)百穀(gu)(gu)祈膏雨(yu)(yu)。远(yuan)者，豫为(wei)(wei)秋收(shou)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)意深远(yuan)也(ye)。穀(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)种类多，故诗每言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)百穀(gu)(gu)，举成数也(ye)。雨(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)润物，若脂膏然，故谓(wei)甘雨(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)膏雨(yu)(yu)。襄十九(jiu)年传(chuan)曰“百穀(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仰膏雨(yu)(yu)”是(shi)也(ye)。传(chuan)直言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)雩(yu)(yu)而(er)经书大(da)雩(yu)(yu)者，贾逵云(yun)(yun)：言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)别(bie)山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雩(yu)(yu)。盖以(yi)(yi)诸侯雩(yu)(yu)山川(chuan)，鲁得雩(yu)(yu)上帝，故称大(da)。《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》云(yun)(yun)：“大(da)雩(yu)(yu)帝用盛乐。”是(shi)雩(yu)(yu)帝称大(da)雩(yu)(yu)也(ye)。此(ci)(ci)龙(long)见(jian)而(er)雩(yu)(yu)，定在建巳(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)，而(er)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》记於(wu)仲(zhong)夏(xia)章者，郑(zheng)玄云(yun)(yun)：“雩(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正当以(yi)(yi)四(si)月(yue)(yue)。凡周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋，五(wu)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)旱，亦脩(xiu)雩(yu)(yu)祀而(er)求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)。因(yin)著(zhu)正雩(yu)(yu)於(wu)此(ci)(ci)月(yue)(yue)。”失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。杜君以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》秦法，非(fei)(fei)(fei)是(shi)周(zhou)典。颖(ying)子严以(yi)(yi)龙(long)见(jian)即(ji)是(shi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰：“《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书出自吕(lv)不(bu)韦，其意欲为(wei)(wei)秦制，非(fei)(fei)(fei)古典也(ye)。颖(ying)氏因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)龙(long)见(jian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)。五(wu)月(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)，龙(long)星(xing)已过於(wu)见(jian)，此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)强牵(qian)天宿以(yi)(yi)附(fu)会不(bu)韦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》，非(fei)(fei)(fei)所据而(er)据，既以(yi)(yi)不(bu)安，且又自违。《左氏传(chuan)》称‘秋，大(da)雩(yu)(yu)。书，不(bu)时(shi)(shi)’。此(ci)(ci)秋即(ji)颖(ying)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)，而(er)忘其不(bu)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，而(er)欲以(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)祭。”是(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》不(bu)得与(yu)传(chuan)合(he)也(ye)。郑(zheng)玄《礼》注云(yun)(yun)：“雩(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吁(yu)也(ye)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)哭泣以(yi)(yi)求(qiu)雨(yu)(yu)也(ye)。”郊(jiao)雩(yu)(yu)俱是(shi)祈穀(gu)(gu)，何(he)独雩(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)吁(yu)嗟(jie)？旱而(er)脩(xiu)雩(yu)(yu)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)可矣(yi)；四(si)月(yue)(yue)常雩(yu)(yu)，於(wu)时(shi)(shi)未旱，何(he)当言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)吁(yu)嗟(jie)也(ye)？贾、服(fu)以(yi)(yi)雩(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)远(yuan)，故杜从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。

始杀而尝，建(jian)酉之月，阴气始杀，嘉(jia)穀始熟，故荐尝於宗庙。

[疏]注“建酉”至“宗庙”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：尝(chang)(chang)(chang)者(zhe)，荐於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)宗庙，以尝(chang)(chang)(chang)新为名，知(zhi)必待(dai)嘉穀(gu)熟乃(nai)为之(zhi)也(ye)。《诗》称“八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)其(qi)穫”，穫刈嘉穀(gu)在(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。知(zhi)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)为建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阴气(qi)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)也(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)：“《诗》‘蒹葭苍苍，白露(lu)为霜(shuang)’，以证始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)百(bai)草也(ye)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》孟秋(qiu)‘白露(lu)降季秋(qiu)霜(shuang)始(shi)(shi)降’，然则(ze)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有白露(lu)，八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)露(lu)结，九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃(nai)成(cheng)霜(shuang)，时(shi)寒乃(nai)渐(jian)，岁事稍成(cheng)。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)嘉穀(gu)熟，所荐之(zhi)物备，故(gu)(gu)以建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荐尝(chang)(chang)(chang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)宗庙。”案《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令》孟秋(qiu)“农乃(nai)登穀(gu)，天(tian)子尝(chang)(chang)(chang)新，先荐寝(qin)庙”，则(ze)似七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穀(gu)熟矣。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)当尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)，而云(yun)(yun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃(nai)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)，以上(shang)下准之(zhi)，始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)实起(qi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)申之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，今云(yun)(yun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)下限(xian)(xian)。然杜独於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)举(ju)下限(xian)(xian)者(zhe)，以秋(qiu)物初熟，孝子之(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)必待(dai)新物，故(gu)(gu)特举(ju)下限(xian)(xian)而言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。哀十三年(nian)，子服(fu)景伯谓(wei)吴(wu)(wu)大宰(zai)曰(yue)：“鲁将以十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)辛，有事於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上(shang)帝先公，季辛而毕。”彼虽恐吴(wu)(wu)之(zhi)辞，亦(yi)是八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)验也(ye)。何(he)则(ze)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)会吴(wu)(wu)在(zai)夏，公至在(zai)秋(qiu)，景伯言(yan)(yan)然之(zhi)时(shi)，秋(qiu)之(zhi)初也(ye)？若(ruo)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)申，当言(yan)(yan)九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，不(bu)应远指十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。知(zhi)十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)常期，周之(zhi)十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)是下限(xian)(xian)耳。若(ruo)节(jie)前月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卻，孟秋(qiu)物成(cheng)，亦(yi)可(ke)(ke)以孟秋(qiu)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。故(gu)(gu)《释例》云(yun)(yun)“《周礼(li)》四(si)仲月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)下限(xian)(xian)。”若(ruo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)申得(de)尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，何(he)以《释例》又(you)云(yun)(yun)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)而尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，谓(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，“蒹葭苍苍，白露(lu)为霜(shuang)”，又(you)以始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)唯(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)，以贾、服(fu)始(shi)(shi)杀(sha)(sha)，唯(wei)据孟秋(qiu)，不(bu)通建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)酉(you)之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)《释例》破贾、服(fu)而为此言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。先此则(ze)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)。十四(si)年(nian)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乙亥尝(chang)(chang)(chang)，乃(nai)是建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)未之(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“先其(qi)时(shi)，亦(yi)过也(ye)”。

闭蛰而烝。建亥之月，昆蟲闭户，万物皆成，可荐者众，故烝祭宗庙。《释例》论之备矣。
　　○闭(bi)，必计反(fan)，又(you)必结(jie)反(fan)，《字林(lin)》方结(jie)反(fan)。烝，之承反(fan)。

[疏]注“建亥”至“备矣”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：传称“火伏(fu)而(er)后蛰(zhe)者毕”，《周(zhou)礼》“季(ji)秋丙(bing)火”，则火以(yi)季(ji)秋入而(er)孟冬伏(fu)，昆蟲(chong)(chong)以(yi)孟冬蛰(zhe)，故(gu)知闭蛰(zhe)是建亥之(zhi)月(yue)也(ye)。《王制》云(yun)：“昆蟲(chong)(chong)未蛰(zhe)，不以(yi)火田(tian)。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun)：“昆，明也(ye)。明蟲(chong)(chong)者，得(de)阳而(er)生，得(de)阴而(er)藏。”阴阳即寒温也(ye)。《祭统(tong)》注(zhu)云(yun)：“昆蟲(chong)(chong)，谓温生寒死之(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)也(ye)”。是蛰(zhe)蟲(chong)(chong)谓之(zhi)昆蟲(chong)(chong)也(ye)。《月(yue)令》仲春云(yun)：“蛰(zhe)蟲(chong)(chong)咸动，启户(hu)始出(chu)。”出(chu)言(yan)启户(hu)，故(gu)蛰(zhe)言(yan)闭户(hu)。《尔(er)雅·释诂(gu)》云(yun)：“烝(zheng)，众(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)。”知万物皆成(cheng)，可荐(jian)者众(zhong)(zhong)。故(gu)名此祭为烝(zheng)。

过则书。卜日有吉否，过次节(jie)则书，以讥慢也。

[疏]“卜日”至“慢也”。
　　○正义曰：祭(ji)必(bi)当(dang)卜，卜有吉否。不吉则当(dang)改卜，次(ci)旬则不可期(qi)。以一(yi)日卜不过三，故限以一(yi)月(yue)，过涉次(ci)月(yue)之(zhi)节，则书之(zhi)以讥(ji)其慢。

冬，淳于公如曹。度其国危，遂不复。淳于，州国所都，城阳淳于县也。国有危难，不能自安，故出朝而遂不还。
　　○度(du)，待(dai)洛(luo)反(fan)。复音服，后不音者皆(jie)同(tong)。难(nan)，乃旦反(fan)。

【经】六年，春，正月，寔来。（寔，实也。不言州公者，承上五年冬经“如曹”。间无异事，省文，从可知。
　　○寔，时力(li)反(fan)。省(sheng)，所(suo)景反(fan)。）

夏，四月，公会纪侯于成。成，鲁地，在泰山钜平县东南。

秋，八月，壬午，大阅。齐为大国，以戎事徵诸侯之戍，嘉美郑忽，而忽欲以有功为班，怒而诉齐。鲁人惧之，故以非时简车马。
　　○阅音悦。

[疏]“大阅”。
　　○正义曰：“公狩于郎”、“公狩于禚”，皆书公，“大蒐”、“大阅”，不书公者，《周礼》虽四时教战，而遂以田猎。但蒐阅车马，未必皆因田猎；田猎从禽，未必皆阅车马。何则？怠慢之主，外作禽荒，岂待教战方始猎也。公及齐人狩于禚，乃与邻国共猎，必非自教民战。以“矢鱼于棠”，非教战之事，主为游戏，而斥言公。则狩于郎、禚，亦主为游戏，故特书公也。“大蒐”、“大阅”，国之常礼，公身虽在，非为游戏，如此之类，例不书公。定十四年“大蒐于比蒲，邾子来会公”，公身在蒐，而经不书公，知其法所不书。以其国家大事，非公私欲故也。且比蒲、昌间皆举蒐地，此不言地者，盖在国简阅，未必田猎。昭十八年，郑人简兵大蒐在於城内，此亦当在城内。
　　○注“齐为”至“车马”。
　　○正义曰：大阅之(zhi)礼(li)在(zai)於仲冬(dong)，今农(nong)时(shi)阅兵，必有所为。传不言其意，故注(zhu)者原(yuan)之(zhi)，於时(shi)四邻与鲁无(wu)怨，又竟无(wu)征(zheng)伐之(zhi)处。诸侯戍(shu)齐，经所不见，而传说郑忽怒(nu)事(shi)於大阅之(zhi)上，及十年郑与齐、卫(wei)来战于郎。知此大阅是(shi)惧郑忽而畏(wei)齐人(ren)，故以非时(shi)简车马也。

蔡人杀陈佗(tuo)。佗(tuo)立逾年不(bu)称爵者，篡立，未(wei)会诸侯也。传例(li)在(zai)庄二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)年。

[疏]注“佗立”至“二年”。
　　○正义曰：杀陈(chen)佗(tuo)，传(chuan)无(wu)文(wen)，不(bu)言无(wu)传(chuan)者，以传(chuan)说此(ci)事在(zai)庄(zhuang)二(er)十二(er)年，不(bu)是(shi)全(quan)无(wu)其事，故(gu)不(bu)言无(wu)传(chuan)。

九月，丁卯，子同生。桓公子庄公也。十二公唯子同是適夫人之长子，备用大子之礼，故史书之於策。不称大子者，书始生也。
　　○適，丁(ding)历反，传同。长，丁(ding)丈反。

[疏]注“桓公”至“生也”。
　　○正义曰：適(shi)(shi)妻长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，於法(fa)当为大子(zi)(zi)，故以(yi)大子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)举之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由举以(yi)正礼(li)，故史书於策。古(gu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立大子(zi)(zi)，其(qi)礼(li)虽(sui)(sui)则无文，盖(gai)亦待其(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)大，特加礼(li)命，如今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)临轩策拜。始生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，未(wei)得即为大子(zi)(zi)也，以(yi)其(qi)备用正礼(li)，故书其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)。未(wei)得命，故不(bu)言(yan)大子(zi)(zi)也。杜云(yun)“十二公(gong)唯子(zi)(zi)同(tong)是(shi)適(shi)(shi)夫(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)”，又云(yun)“文公(gong)、哀公(gong)其(qi)母(mu)(mu)并(bing)无明(ming)文，未(wei)知其(qi)母(mu)(mu)是(shi)適(shi)(shi)以(yi)否。盖(gai)其(qi)父未(wei)为君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)已生(sheng)(sheng)，纵令是(shi)適(shi)(shi)，亦不(bu)书也”。《释例》云(yun)：“据公(gong)衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年，成(cheng)公(gong)又非穆姜所生(sheng)(sheng)。”杜此注云(yun)“子(zi)(zi)同(tong)是(shi)適(shi)(shi)夫(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，备用大子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，故史书之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。然则虽(sui)(sui)適(shi)(shi)夫(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)(zi)，不(bu)用大子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，亦不(bu)书也。

冬，纪侯来朝。

【传(chuan)】六(liu)年春，自曹(cao)来(lai)(lai)朝(chao)。书曰“寔(shi)来(lai)(lai)”，不(bu)复其(qi)国也。（亦承五(wu)年冬传(chuan)“淳于公如曹(cao)”也。言奔(ben)，则(ze)来(lai)(lai)行朝(chao)礼(li)，言朝(chao)，则(ze)遂留不(bu)去，故变(bian)文言实来(lai)(lai)。）

楚武王(wang)侵随(sui)，随(sui)国，今义阳随(sui)县。

[疏]注“随国”至“随县”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《世(shi)本》：“随(sui)(sui)国姬姓。”不(bu)知始封为谁，随(sui)(sui)以(yi)此年(nian)见传(chuan)。僖二十年(nian)经书“楚人(ren)伐随(sui)(sui)”，自是(shi)以(yi)后遂(sui)为楚之(zhi)私属，不(bu)与诸侯(hou)会同。至定四年(nian)，“吴入郢”，昭(zhao)王奔(ben)随(sui)(sui)，随(sui)(sui)人(ren)免之(zhi)，卒复楚国。楚人(ren)德(de)之(zhi)，使列(lie)诸侯(hou)。哀元年(nian)随(sui)(sui)侯(hou)见经，其(qi)后不(bu)知为谁所灭。

使薳章求成焉，薳章，楚大夫。
　　○薳(wei)，于委反。

军於瑕以待之。瑕，随地。
　　○瑕，下加反。随人使少师董成。少师，随大夫。董，正也。
　　○少，诗照反，注及下同，后皆仿此。斗伯比言于楚子曰：“吾不得志於汉东也，我则使然。斗伯比，楚大夫，令尹子文之父。我张吾三军而被吾甲兵，以武临之，彼则惧而协来谋我，故难间也。汉东之国，随为大。随张，必弃小国。张，自侈大也。
　　○被，皮寄反，下注“被甲”同。间，间厕之间。张，猪亮反，注同；一音如字。侈，昌氏反，又式氏反。小国离，楚之利也。少师侈，请羸师以张之。”羸，弱也。
　　○羸，劣追反，注及下同。熊率且比曰：“季梁在，何益？”熊率且比，楚大夫。季梁，随贤臣。
　　○率音律。且，子余反。斗伯比曰：“以为后图。少师得其君。”言季梁之谏不过一见从，随侯卒当以少师为计，故云以为后图。二年，蔡侯、郑伯会于邓，始惧楚。楚子自此遂盛，终於抗衡中国，故传备言其事以终始之。
　　○抗，苦浪反。

[疏]“以为”至“其君”。
　　○正义曰：言此计今虽无(wu)益(yi)，以为在后图谋(mou)也。言季梁之谏，不过一(yi)见(jian)从耳，少(shao)师(shi)得(de)其君(jun)(jun)心，君(jun)(jun)将必(bi)用(yong)其计。若用(yong)少(shao)师(shi)，则此谋(mou)必(bi)合。故请示弱以希后日之利。

王毁军而纳少师。从伯比之谋。少师归，请追楚师，随侯将许之。信楚弱也。季梁止之曰：“天方授楚。楚之羸，其诱我也。君何急焉？臣闻小之能敌大也，小道大淫。所谓道，忠於民而信於神也。上思利民，忠也；祝史正辞，信也。正辞，不虚称君美。今民馁而君逞欲，逞，快也。
　　○馁，奴罪反，饿也。祝史矫举以祭，臣不知其可也。”诈称功德以欺鬼神。
　　○矫，居(ju)兆反。

[疏]“天方授楚”。
　　○正义曰：楚之先君熊绎始封於楚，在蛮夷之间，食子男之地。至此君始彊盛，威服邻国，似有天助，故云“天方授楚”。
　　○“臣闻”至“可也”。
　　○正义曰：臣(chen)闻小(xiao)国(guo)之能敌(di)(di)大(da)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，必小(xiao)国(guo)得(de)道(dao)(dao)，大(da)国(guo)淫辟(pi)，如是(shi)(shi)乃得(de)为敌(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其意言随(sui)未有道(dao)(dao)，而楚(chu)未为淫辟(pi)，随(sui)不能敌(di)(di)楚(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既言随(sui)未有道(dao)(dao)，更说有道(dao)(dao)之事。道(dao)(dao)犹道(dao)(dao)路，行不失正，名之曰道(dao)(dao)。施(shi)於人君(jun)(jun)，则治(zhi)民(min)、事神，使之得(de)所，乃可称(cheng)为道(dao)(dao)矣(yi)。故(gu)云所谓(wei)道(dao)(dao)者，忠(zhong)恕(shu)於民(min)而诚信(xin)於神也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此覆说忠(zhong)信(xin)之义，於文(wen)，中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)为忠(zhong)，言中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)爱物也(ye)(ye)(ye)；人言为信(xin)，谓(wei)言不虚妄也(ye)(ye)(ye)。在上位者，思利於民(min)，欲民(min)之安饱，是(shi)(shi)其忠(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；祝(zhu)官、史官正其言辞，不欺诳鬼神，是(shi)(shi)其信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今随(sui)国(guo)民(min)皆(jie)饥(ji)馁而君(jun)(jun)快情欲，是(shi)(shi)不思利民(min)，是(shi)(shi)不忠(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；祝(zhu)史诈称(cheng)功德以祭鬼神，是(shi)(shi)不正言辞，是(shi)(shi)不信(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。无忠(zhong)无信(xin)不可谓(wei)道(dao)(dao)，小(xiao)而无道(dao)(dao)，何以敌(di)(di)大(da)？君(jun)(jun)欲敌(di)(di)之，臣(chen)不知其可也(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲君(jun)(jun)之下楚(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

公曰：“吾牲牷肥腯，粢盛丰备，何则不信？”牲，牛、羊、豕也。牷，纯色完全也。腯，亦肥也。黍稷曰粢，在器曰盛。
　　○牷音全。腯，徒忽(hu)反。

[疏]注“牲牛”至“曰盛”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：诸(zhu)侯祭(ji)(ji)用(yong)大牢(lao)，祭(ji)(ji)以三牲(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)主。知牲(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)三牲(sheng)(sheng)，牛、羊、豕(shi)也(ye)。《周礼(li)·牧人(ren)(ren)》“掌共(gong)祭(ji)(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)牷，祭(ji)(ji)用(yong)纯(chun)(chun)色(se)”，故知牷谓纯(chun)(chun)色(se)完全，言毛体全具也(ye)。《曲礼(li)》曰：“豚曰腯(tu)(tu)肥(fei)”，肥(fei)腯(tu)(tu)共(gong)文，知腯(tu)(tu)亦肥(fei)也(ye)。重言肥(fei)腯(tu)(tu)者，古人(ren)(ren)自有(you)複语耳(er)。服(fu)虔云(yun)(yun)：“牛、羊曰肥(fei)，豕(shi)曰腯(tu)(tu)。”案《礼(li)记》豚亦称肥(fei)，非独牛、羊也(ye)。粢是黍(shu)(shu)稷之(zhi)(zhi)别名，亦为(wei)诸(zhu)穀之(zhi)(zhi)总(zong)号。祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)米，黍(shu)(shu)稷为(wei)多，故云(yun)(yun)“黍(shu)(shu)稷曰粢”，粢是穀之(zhi)(zhi)体也(ye)。盛谓盛於器，故云(yun)(yun)在器曰盛。

对曰：“夫民，神之主也，言鬼神之情，依民而行。是以圣王先成民而后致力於神。故奉牲以告曰‘博硕肥腯’，谓民力之普存也，博，广也。硕，大也。谓其畜之硕大蕃滋也，谓其不疾瘯蠡也，谓其备腯咸有也；虽告神以博硕肥腯，其实皆当兼此四谓，民力適完，则六畜既大而滋也，皮毛无疥癣，兼备而无有所阙。
　　○畜，吁又反，下皆同。蕃音烦，瘯；七木反；本又作蔟，同。蠡，力果反；《说文》作瘰，云，瘯瘰，皮肥也。疥音介。癣，息浅反；《说文》云，乾疡。奉盛以告曰‘絜粢丰盛’，谓其三时不害而民和年丰也；三时，春、夏、秋。奉酒醴以告曰‘嘉栗旨酒’，嘉，善也。栗，谨敬也。谓其上下皆有嘉德而无违心也。所谓馨香，无谗慝也。馨，香之远闻。
　　○慝，他得反。闻音问，又如字。故务其三时，脩其五教，父义、母慈、兄友、弟恭、子孝。亲其九族，以致其禋祀，禋，絜敬也。九族谓外祖父、外祖母、从母子及妻父、妻母、姑之子、姊妹之子、女子之子、并已之同族，皆外亲有服而异族者也。
　　○九族，杜释与孔安国、郑玄不同。禋音因。於是乎民和而神降之福，故动则有成。今民各有心，而鬼神乏主；民饥馁也。
　　○饥音饥。君(jun)虽独丰，其何福之(zhi)(zhi)有？君(jun)姑脩政，而(er)亲兄弟之(zhi)(zhi)国，庶免於难。”随(sui)侯惧而(er)修政，楚不敢伐。

[疏]“夫民”至“於难”。
　　○正义曰：鬼神之情，依人而行，故云“夫民，神之主也”。以民和乃神说，故圣王先成其民而后致力於神。言养民使成就，然后致孝享。由是告神之辞，各有成百姓之意。祭之所用，有牲，有食，有酒耳，圣人文饰辞义，为立嘉名以告神。季梁举其告辞，解其告意，故奉牲以告神，曰“博硕肥腯”者，非谓所祭之牲广大肥充而已，乃言民之畜产尽肥充。皆所以得博硕肥腯者，由四种之谓故又申说四种之事。四谓者，第一谓民力普遍安存，故致第二畜之硕大滋息。民力普存所以致之者，由民无劳役，养畜以时，故六畜硕大，蕃多滋息。民力普存又致第三不有疾病疥癣。所以然者，由民力普存，身无疲苦，故所养六畜饮食以理，埽刷依法，故皮毛身体无疥癣疾病。民力普存又致第四备腯咸有。所以然者，由民力普存，人皆逸乐，种种养畜，群牲备有也。奉盛以告神，曰“絜粢丰盛”者，非谓所祭之食絜净丰多而已，乃言民之粮食尽丰多也。言丰絜者，谓其春、夏、秋三时农之要节，为政不害於民，得使尽力耕耘，自事生产，故百姓和而年岁丰也。奉酒醴以告神，曰“嘉栗旨酒”者，非谓所祭之酒栗善味美而已，乃言百姓之情，上下皆善美也。言嘉旨者，谓其国内上下，群臣及民皆有善德而无违上之心。若民心不和，则酒食腥秽。由上下皆善，故酒食馨香。非言酒食馨香，无腥膻臭秽，乃谓民德馨香，无谗谀邪恶也。所谓馨香，总上三者。由是王者将说神心，先和民志，故务其三时，使农无废业；脩其五教，使家道协和；亲其九族，使内外无怨。然后致其絜敬之祀於神明矣。於是民俗大和而神降之福。故动则有成，战无不克。今民各有心，或欲从主，或欲叛君，不得为无违上之心。而鬼神乏主，百姓饥馁，民力彫竭，不得为年岁丰也。民既不和，则神心不说，君虽独丰，其何福之有？神所不福，民所不与，以此敌大，必丧其师。君且修政，抚其民人而亲兄弟之国以为外援，如是则庶几可以免於祸难也。告牲肥硕，言民畜多；告粢丰絜，言民食多；告酒嘉旨，不言民酒多而言民德善者，酒之与食俱以米粟为之。於盛已言年丰，故於酒变言嘉德，重明民和之意。
　　○注“虽告”至“所阙”。
　　○正义曰：刘炫云：杜以博硕肥腯据牲体而言，季梁推此出理，嫌其不寔，故云其寔皆当兼此四谓。又民力普存非畜之形貌，而季梁以之解情，又申之民力適完则得生养六畜，故六畜既大而滋息也。博硕言其形状大，蕃滋言其生乳多。硕大蕃滋皆複语也。瘯蠡，畜之小病，故以为疥<疒鲜>之疢也。不疾者，犹言不患此病也。
　　○注“嘉善”至“敬也”。
　　○正义曰：“嘉，善”，《释诂》文也。杜训栗为谨敬，言善敬为酒。案《诗》“实颖实栗”，与田事相连，故栗为穗貌。此栗与嘉善旨酒相类，故栗为谨敬之心，即《论语》云：“使民战栗”，与此相似。刘炫以栗为穗貌而规杜过，於理恐非。
　　○注“父义”至“子孝”。
　　○正义曰：父母於子并为慈，但父主教训，母主抚养。抚养在於恩爱，故以慈为名。教训爱而加教，故以义为称。义者，宜也。教之义方，使得其宜。弟之於兄亦宜为友，但兄弟相敬，乃有长幼尊卑，故分出其弟，使之为共，言敬其兄而友爱。
　　○注“禋絜”至“族者”也。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《释诂(gu)》云(yun)：“禋，敬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)禋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)絜敬。隐(yin)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)注云(yun)“絜齐(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)享(xiang)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禋”意(yi)亦(yi)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。汉世(shi)儒者(zhe)(zhe)说九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)二(er)，《异(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)》：“今《礼(li)》戴、《尚书》欧阳(yang)说九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乃异(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)有(you)(you)属(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)，父(fu)(fu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)四：五(wu)属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，父(fu)(fu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)昆(kun)弟(di)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，已女(nv)(nv)(nv)昆(kun)弟(di)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)子(zi)(zi)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)；母(mu)(mu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)三(san)(san)：母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，母(mu)(mu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)昆(kun)弟(di)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)；妻(qi)(qi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)二(er)：妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，妻(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母(mu)(mu)姓(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。《古尚书》说九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)，从高祖(zu)至(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)凡九(jiu)(jiu)，皆(jie)同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)。谨案(an)《礼(li)》緦(si)麻(ma)(ma)三(san)(san)月以(yi)(yi)(yi)上，恩(en)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)及(ji)(ji)；礼(li)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)有(you)(you)服(fu)(fu)(fu)。明在九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中，九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)得但(dan)施(shi)於同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)。”郑駮云(yun)：“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)，妇人(ren)归宗，女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)虽(sui)(sui)適(shi)(shi)人(ren)，字犹系姓(xing)，明不(bu)(bu)得与(yu)父(fu)(fu)兄为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)则然。《婚礼(li)》请期辞曰(yue)(yue)：‘唯是三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)。’欲及(ji)(ji)今三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)未有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)亿度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，而迎妇也(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)此(ci)(ci)所(suo)云(yun)，三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)当有(you)(you)异(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)，异(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)皆(jie)緦(si)。《礼(li)·杂记(ji)(ji)下》：緦(si)麻(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)禁(jin)嫁(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)取妇。是为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)姓(xing)不(bu)(bu)在族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中明矣。《周礼(li)》小宗伯‘掌三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别’。《名丧(sang)服(fu)(fu)(fu)小记(ji)(ji)》说族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：‘亲亲以(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)。’以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知高祖(zu)至(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)，昭然察(cha)矣。”是郑从《古尚书》说，以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高祖(zu)至(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)注所(suo)云(yun)犹是《礼(li)》戴、欧阳(yang)等说，以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)駮云(yun)女(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)得与(yu)父(fu)(fu)兄为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，故(gu)简去(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)，唯取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)重者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先耳(er)(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)从古学与(yu)郑说者(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)言“亲其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”，《诗》剌“不(bu)(bu)亲九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)疏远，恩(en)情已薄，故(gu)剌其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)亲而美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能亲耳(er)(er)！高祖(zu)至(zhi)父(fu)(fu)，己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)禀承也(ye)(ye)(ye)；子(zi)(zi)至(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)，已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)生育也(ye)(ye)(ye)，人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於此(ci)(ci)，谁或不(bu)(bu)亲而美(mei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能亲也(ye)(ye)(ye)！《诗》剌弃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，岂(qi)复上遗父(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)、下弃子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)哉(zai)！若(ruo)言弃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)谓(wei)弃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)高祖(zu)、出(chu)曾祖(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)，然则岂(qi)亦(yi)弃其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)出(chu)曾孙(sun)、出(chu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)者(zhe)(zhe)乎？又郑玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏必(bi)三(san)(san)十而娶(qu)，则人(ren)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)(jiu)十始有(you)(you)曾孙(sun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)高祖(zu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)无(wu)相(xiang)及(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理，则是族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)终无(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)，安得九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而亲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)名虽(sui)(sui)同(tong)(tong)而三(san)(san)九(jiu)(jiu)数(shu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)。引三(san)(san)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)难九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)值矣！若(ruo)缘三(san)(san)及(ji)(ji)九(jiu)(jiu)，则三(san)(san)、九(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)(yi)(yi)。设(she)使高祖(zu)丧(sang)，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)孙(sun)死，亦(yi)应不(bu)(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏礼(li)，何不(bu)(bu)言九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)虞(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)知九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)皆(jie)外亲有(you)(you)服(fu)(fu)(fu)而异(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

夏，会于成，纪来谘谋齐难也。齐欲灭纪，故来谋之。
　　○难，乃旦(dan)反，下同(tong)。

北戎伐齐，齐使乞师于郑。郑大子忽帅师救齐。六月，大败戎师，获其二帅大良、少良，甲首三百，以献於齐。甲首，被甲者首。
　　○帅，所类反。少，诗照反。於是诸侯之大夫戍齐，齐人馈之饩，生曰饩。
　　○馈(kui)，其(qi)媿(kui)反，遗也。饩，许既反。牲腥曰饩。使鲁(lu)为其(qi)班，后(hou)郑。班，次也。鲁(lu)亲班齐(qi)馈(kui)，则亦使大夫戍(shu)齐(qi)矣，经不书，盖史阙文(wen)。

[疏]注“班次”至“阙文”。
　　○正义曰：刘炫云：在戍受馈(kui)而使鲁(lu)为班，明(ming)鲁(lu)人在矣。襄五(wu)年戍陈书(shu)经，此(ci)戍齐(qi)亦(yi)宜书(shu)，今不(bu)书(shu)经，疑史(shi)阙(que)(que)文(wen)。以史(shi)策(ce)本阙(que)(que)，仲尼不(bu)得书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)。十(shi)年说此(ci)云“北戎病齐(qi)，诸(zhu)侯救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)”，或可鲁(lu)亦(yi)往(wang)救(jiu)，但(dan)传(chuan)无鲁(lu)事之(zhi)(zhi)验，鲁(lu)必不(bu)救(jiu)，不(bu)须解之(zhi)(zhi)。

郑忽以其有功也，怒，故有郎之师。郎师在十年。公之未昏於齐也，齐侯欲以文姜妻郑大子忽。大子忽辞。人问其故，大子曰：“人各有耦，齐大，非吾耦也。《诗》云：‘自求多福。’《诗·大雅·文王》。言求福由已，非由人也。
　　○妻，七(qi)计反，下及(ji)注同。在我而已，大国(guo)(guo)何为(wei)？”君(jun)子曰：“善自为(wei)谋。”言独絜其身，谋不及(ji)国(guo)(guo)。及(ji)其败戎师(shi)也(ye)，齐侯又请妻之(zhi)(zhi)。欲以(yi)(yi)佗(tuo)女(nv)妻之(zhi)(zhi)。固辞。人问其故，大子曰：“无(wu)事於齐，吾(wu)犹不敢(gan)。今以(yi)(yi)君(jun)命奔齐之(zhi)(zhi)急(ji)，而受室以(yi)(yi)归，是以(yi)(yi)师(shi)昏也(ye)。民其谓我何？”言必见(jian)怪(guai)於民。遂(sui)辞诸郑伯(bo)。假父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)命以(yi)(yi)为(wei)辞，为(wei)十一(yi)年郑忽(hu)出奔卫传。

“秋，大阅”，简车马也。

“九月，丁卯，子同生”。以大子生之礼举之：接以大牢，大牢，牛、羊、豕也。以礼接夫人，重適也。
　　○接，如字。郑注(zhu)《礼(li)记》作(zuo)捷(jie)，读(du)此者(zhe)亦(yi)或捷(jie)音(yin)。

[疏]注“大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”至“適(shi)也(ye)”。正义曰：大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)，牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)者，三(san)牲(sheng)(sheng)牛、羊、豕(shi)(shi)具为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。《仪礼》少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)馈食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼以(yi)(yi)(yi)羊、豕(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)牲(sheng)(sheng)多少(shao)(shao)称大(da)(da)少(shao)(shao)也(ye)。《诗·公刘》曰：“执豕(shi)(shi)于(yu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。”《周礼》：“充人掌系(xi)祭祀(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牲(sheng)(sheng)牷。祀(si)(si)五帝，则(ze)(ze)系(xi)于(yu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)，刍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)月(yue)。”是牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)者养牲(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，故(gu)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)名。郑玄《诗》笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)“系(xi)养曰牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”，是其(qi)义也(ye)。《礼记(ji)·内(nei)(nei)则(ze)(ze)》曰：“国君世子(zi)生(sheng)，告于(yu)君，接(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)。”文在(zai)“三(san)日负子(zi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上，则(ze)(ze)三(san)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。《记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“凡接(jie)(jie)子(zi)择日。”郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“虽(sui)三(san)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)，必选其(qi)吉焉(yan)”。是三(san)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)择日接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，为(wei)(wei)子(zi)接(jie)(jie)母，故(gu)《记(ji)》称“接(jie)(jie)子(zi)”。此(ci)传(chuan)“举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，即云(yun)(yun)(yun)“接(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”，亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)接(jie)(jie)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)文。其(qi)寔接(jie)(jie)母，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼接(jie)(jie)夫人，重適(shi)也(ye)”。郑玄云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“接(jie)(jie)，读(du)为(wei)(wei)捷(jie)。捷(jie)，胜也(ye)，谓(wei)食其(qi)母，使补虚强气也(ye)。”此(ci)言(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼接(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)与郑异(yi)也(ye)。《内(nei)(nei)则(ze)(ze)》又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)接(jie)(jie)子(zi)“庶人特豚，士特豕(shi)(shi)，大(da)(da)夫少(shao)(shao)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)，国君世子(zi)大(da)(da)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”。其(qi)非冢子(zi)则(ze)(ze)皆降等。

卜士负之，士妻食之，《礼》“世子生三日，卜士负之，射人以桑弧荙矢射天地四方”，卜士之妻为乳母。
　　○食音嗣。弧(hu)音胡。蓬，步工反(fan)(fan)。射天地，食亦反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]注“礼世”至“乳母”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：“四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)”以(yi)上，皆《内则》文也。《内则》又(you)云(yun)：“卜(bu)士(shi)之妻(qi)(qi)，大(da)夫之妾(qie)，使食子(zi)。”食，谓乳也，故(gu)以(yi)乳母言之。郑玄(xuan)云(yun)：“桑弧蓬矢(shi)，本大(da)古也，天(tian)地(di)四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)，男子(zi)所有事也。”士(shi)妻(qi)(qi)、大(da)夫之妾(qie)，谓时(shi)自(zi)有子(zi)者(zhe)。定本直(zhi)云(yun)“射四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)”，无(wu)“天(tian)地(di)”。案《礼》云(yun)“桑弧蓬矢(shi)六”，今无(wu)“天(tian)地(di)”，误(wu)也。贾逵云(yun)：“桑者(zhe)，木中之众，蓬者(zhe)，草中之乱，取其长大(da)统众而治(zhi)乱。”

公与文姜、宗妇命之。“世子生三月，君夫人沐浴於外寝，立於阼阶，西乡。世妇抱子升自西阶，君命之，乃降”。盖同宗之妇。
　　○阼(zuo)，才故反。

[疏]注“世子”至“之妇”。
　　○正义曰：“乃降”以(yi)上(shang)，皆《内则》文也。郑玄云：“子(zi)升自(zi)西阶(jie)，则人君见世(shi)子(zi)於(wu)路(lu)寝也。见妾子(zi)就侧(ce)室，凡子(zi)生皆就侧(ce)室。”以(yi)其生於(wu)侧(ce)室，见於(wu)路(lu)寝，故从外而(er)升阶(jie)也。襄二年葬齐姜(jiang)，传曰：“齐侯(hou)使(shi)诸(zhu)姜(jiang)宗(zong)妇来送葬。”诸(zhu)姜(jiang)是同姓之(zhi)女，知(zhi)宗(zong)妇是同宗(zong)之(zhi)妇也。公与(yu)夫人共命之(zhi)，故使(shi)宗(zong)妇侍(shi)夫人。

公问名於申繻。对曰：“名有五，有信，有义，有象，有假，有类。申繻，鲁大夫。
　　○繻音须(xu)。以名(ming)生为信，若(ruo)唐叔虞，鲁公子友。以德(de)命为义，若(ruo)文王(wang)名(ming)昌(chang)，武王(wang)名(ming)发(fa)。

[疏]注“若文”至“名发”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《周本(ben)纪》称：大(da)王(wang)见(jian)季历“生昌，有(you)(you)(you)圣瑞”，乃言曰(yue)：“我世(shi)当有(you)(you)(you)兴者，其(qi)在(zai)昌乎！”则(ze)是大(da)王(wang)见(jian)其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)瑞，度其(qi)当兴，故名之(zhi)曰(yue)昌，欲令昌盛周也。其(qi)度德(de)(de)命发(fa)(fa)，则(ze)无以(yi)言之(zhi)。服虔云谓若大(da)王(wang)度德(de)(de)命文王(wang)曰(yue)昌，文王(wang)命武(wu)王(wang)曰(yue)发(fa)(fa)，似其(qi)有(you)(you)(you)旧说(shuo)也。旧说(shuo)以(yi)为文王(wang)见(jian)武(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)生，以(yi)为必发(fa)(fa)兵诛暴，故名曰(yue)发(fa)(fa)。

以类命为(wei)象，若孔(kong)子首(shou)象尼丘。

[疏]注“若孔”至“尼丘”。
　　○正义曰：《孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)世家》云：叔梁(liang)纥(he)与(yu)颜氏(shi)祷於尼(ni)丘，得孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)。孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)生而首上(shang)污顶，故因(yin)名(ming)曰丘，字(zi)仲尼(ni)，是其(qi)象(xiang)尼(ni)丘也。

取於物为假，若伯鱼生，人有馈之鱼，因名之曰鲤。
　　○鲤音里。

[疏]注“若伯”至“曰鲤”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《家(jia)语(yu)·本姓(xing)篇》云：孔(kong)子年(nian)十九娶於宋并官氏，一(yi)岁而生(sheng)伯(bo)鱼。伯(bo)鱼生(sheng)，鲁昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)以鲤鱼赐孔(kong)子，孔(kong)子荣君之(zhi)(zhi)赐，因(yin)名子曰鲤，字伯(bo)鱼。此注不(bu)言(yan)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)赐而云人有馈之(zhi)(zhi)者，如《家(jia)语(yu)》，则伯(bo)鱼之(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)，当(dang)昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)九年(nian)。昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)庸(yong)君，孔(kong)子尚少，未必能尊重(zhong)圣人，礼其(qi)生(sheng)子。取(qu)其(qi)意而遗其(qi)人，疑其(qi)非昭(zhao)公(gong)(gong)故。

取於父为类。若(ruo)子(zi)同生，有与父同者。不(bu)(bu)以国(guo)，国(guo)君之子(zi)，不(bu)(bu)自以本国(guo)为名也。

[疏]注“国君”至“名也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：下云“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)则废(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)易，须废(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)他(ta)(ta)国(guo)(guo)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)，则不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须自废(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。且春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，晋侯(hou)(hou)(hou)周、卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)郑、陈侯(hou)(hou)(hou)吴、卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)他(ta)(ta)国(guo)(guo)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)知不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)者(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)自以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本国(guo)(guo)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山川(chuan)者(zhe)，亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山川(chuan)。下云“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山川(chuan)则废(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)”，谓(wei)(wei)废(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)谓(wei)(wei)废(fei)(fei)(fei)国(guo)(guo)内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所主(zhu)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)。若他(ta)(ta)国(guo)(guo)山川(chuan)则非(fei)其(qi)(qi)主(zhu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须废(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)虽因公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)问(wen)而对以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)法(fa)，《曲(qu)礼(li)》亦(yi)云：“名(ming)(ming)(ming)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)月，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隐疾，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山川(chuan)。”则诸言不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)，臣民(min)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)注(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)言国(guo)(guo)，故特云国(guo)(guo)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)耳，其(qi)(qi)实(shi)虽非(fei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)为名(ming)(ming)(ming)。其(qi)(qi)言废(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)、废(fei)(fei)(fei)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，唯谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)，若使臣民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，国(guo)(guo)家不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)废(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。然则臣民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山川(chuan)。而孔子(zi)(zi)鲁人，尼丘，鲁山，得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丘为名(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)，盖以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)有象，故特以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)类命(ming)。非(fei)常(chang)例也(ye)(ye)。

不以官，不以山川，不以隐疾，隐，痛；疾，患。辟不祥也。

[疏]注“隐(yin)痛”至“祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)”。正(zheng)义曰：郑玄云：“隐(yin)疾(ji)，衣中之(zhi)疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”谓若黑(hei)臀(tun)(tun)、黑(hei)肱(gong)矣。疾(ji)在外者，虽不得(de)言(yan)，尚可(ke)指(zhi)摘。此(ci)则无时(shi)可(ke)辟，俗语(yu)云：“隐(yin)疾(ji)难为(wei)医。”案《周语(yu)》单襄公(gong)曰：“吾(wu)闻成公(gong)之(zhi)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)，其母梦神规其臀(tun)(tun)以(yi)(yi)黑(hei)，曰‘使有晋国’，故(gu)命之(zhi)曰‘黑(hei)臀(tun)(tun)’。”此(ci)与叔虞(yu)、季友复何以(yi)(yi)异？而云不得(de)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)？且黑(hei)臀(tun)(tun)、黑(hei)肱(gong)本(ben)非(fei)疾(ji)病，以(yi)(yi)证隐(yin)疾(ji)，非(fei)其类也(ye)(ye)。《诗》称“如有隐(yin)忧(you)”，是(shi)隐(yin)为(wei)痛也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)痛疾(ji)为(wei)名(ming)，则不祥(xiang)之(zhi)甚，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)辟不祥(xiang)。

不(bu)以畜牲，畜牲，六畜。

[疏]注“畜牲，六畜”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《尔雅(ya)·释(shi)畜(chu)(chu)》於马(ma)、牛(niu)、羊、豕、狗、鸡(ji)之(zhi)下，题曰六(liu)畜(chu)(chu)。故郑(zheng)众(zhong)、服虔皆以(yi)六(liu)畜(chu)(chu)为马(ma)、牛(niu)、羊、豕、犬、鸡(ji)。《周(zhou)礼》“牧(mu)人掌牧(mu)六(liu)牲(sheng)”，郑(zheng)玄亦以(yi)马(ma)、牛(niu)等六(liu)者为之(zhi)。然(ran)则(ze)畜(chu)(chu)牲(sheng)一物，养(yang)之(zhi)则(ze)为畜(chu)(chu)，共(gong)用则(ze)为牲(sheng)，故并以(yi)六(liu)畜(chu)(chu)解六(liu)牲(sheng)。

不以器币。币，玉帛(bo)。

[疏]注“币，玉帛”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼·小行人》：“合六币(bi)，圭以(yi)(yi)(yi)马，璋以(yi)(yi)(yi)皮，璧以(yi)(yi)(yi)帛(bo)，琮(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)锦，琥以(yi)(yi)(yi)绣(xiu)，璜(huang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)黼。”然则“币(bi)，玉帛(bo)”者，谓此圭、璋、璧、琮(cong)、帛(bo)、锦、绣(xiu)、黼之(zhi)属也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)币(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)币(bi)为(wei)玉帛(bo)，则器(qi)者非徒玉器(qi)。服虔(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)俎豆、罍彝、牺象之(zhi)属，皆(jie)不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)名也(ye)。

周人以讳事神，名，终将讳之。君父之名，固非臣子所斥然；礼既卒哭，以木铎徇曰：“舍故而讳新”，谓舍亲尽之祖而讳新死者，故言“以讳事神，名，终将讳之”。自父至高祖，皆不敢斥言。
　　○“周人以讳事(shi)神，名”，绝(jue)句(ju)(ju)。众家(jia)多以“名”字属下句(ju)(ju)。铎，待洛反(fan)。徇，似俊反(fan)，本(ben)又作(zuo)殉，同(tong)。舍音舍，下同(tong)。

[疏]“周人”至“讳之”。
　　○正义曰：自殷以往，未有讳法。讳始於周，周人尊神之故，为之讳名，以此讳法，敬事明神，故言周人以讳事神。子生三月，为之立名，终久必将讳之，故须豫有所辟，为下诸废张本也。终将讳之，谓死后乃讳之。
　　○注“君父”至“斥言”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，固非(fei)臣子(zi)(zi)所斥”，谓(wei)君(jun)(jun)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)生(sheng)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，臣子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)指斥其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。《礼》称“父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)前(qian)子(zi)(zi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，君(jun)(jun)前(qian)臣名(ming)(ming)(ming)”。郑玄(xuan)云(yun)：“对(dui)至尊，无大(da)小皆相名(ming)(ming)(ming)。”是(shi)对(dui)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，则(ze)(ze)弟可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)兄(xiong)；对(dui)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)(ze)子(zi)(zi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，非(fei)此则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可也(ye)(ye)。文十四年(nian)传曰(yue)(yue)：“齐(qi)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺懿公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为政(zheng)也(ye)(ye)，终不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)‘公(gong)(gong)’，曰(yue)(yue)‘夫(fu)已氏(shi)(shi)’。”注云(yun)：“犹(you)言(yan)(yan)某甲。”是(shi)斥君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺，故(gu)斥其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，知(zhi)平(ping)常(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥君(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)。成十六年(nian)传曰(yue)(yue)：“栾书(shu)(shu)将载(zai)晋侯，针曰(yue)(yue)：‘书(shu)(shu)退(tui)，国(guo)有大(da)任(ren)，焉得(de)(de)专之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’”注云(yun)：“在君(jun)(jun)前(qian)，故(gu)子(zi)(zi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”彼(bi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)对(dui)君(jun)(jun)，故(gu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。知(zhi)平(ping)常(chang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥其(qi)(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，犹(you)未是(shi)为讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。《曲(qu)礼》曰(yue)(yue)：“卒(zu)哭(ku)乃(nai)(nai)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun)：“敬鬼神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，辟(pi)也(ye)(ye)。生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相辟(pi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。卫(wei)侯名(ming)(ming)(ming)恶(e)，大(da)夫(fu)有石恶(e)，君(jun)(jun)臣同(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，《春秋》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)非(fei)。”是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)未为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)得(de)(de)与君(jun)(jun)同(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。但言(yan)(yan)及(ji)於(wu)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)耳。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)生(sheng)已不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斥，死复为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，欲表为讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节(jie)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)然以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)形(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。礼既(ji)卒(zu)哭(ku)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木铎徇曰(yue)(yue)：“舍故(gu)而(er)(er)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)新(xin)。自寝门至於(wu)库门。”皆《礼记·檀弓》文也(ye)(ye)。既(ji)引其(qi)(qi)(qi)文，更解其(qi)(qi)(qi)意，谓(wei)舍亲(qin)尽(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)而(er)(er)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)新(xin)死者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。亲(qin)尽(jin)，谓(wei)高祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，服绝庙(miao)(miao)(miao)毁而(er)(er)亲(qin)情尽(jin)也(ye)(ye)。卒(zu)哭(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，则(ze)(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鬼神(shen)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)，又解终将讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)世数(shu)，自父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)上(shang)至高祖(zu)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)斥，言(yan)(yan)此谓(wei)天子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯礼也(ye)(ye)。《曲(qu)礼》曰(yue)(yue)：“逮(dai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)，则(ze)(ze)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逮(dai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)王(wang)(wang)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun)“此谓(wei)庶人(ren)適(shi)士以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)，虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逮(dai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)，犹(you)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)祖(zu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)立庙(miao)(miao)(miao)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无容不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)。天子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯立亲(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)四，故(gu)高祖(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)皆为讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，亲(qin)尽(jin)乃(nai)(nai)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)神(shen)名(ming)(ming)(ming)必讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。文王(wang)(wang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)昌(chang)，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)名(ming)(ming)(ming)发(fa)(fa)。《诗·雍》，禘大(da)祖(zu)，祭文王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)经曰(yue)(yue)：“克昌(chang)厥后(hou)”。周公(gong)(gong)制《礼》，《醢(hai)人(ren)》有“昌(chang)本”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菹。《七月》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗，周公(gong)(gong)所作(zuo)，经曰(yue)(yue)：“一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日觱发(fa)(fa)。”《烝民》诗曰(yue)(yue)：“四方爰发(fa)(fa)。”皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)而(er)(er)得(de)(de)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，古人(ren)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)，临时言(yan)(yan)语有所辟(pi)耳，至於(wu)制作(zuo)经典则(ze)(ze)直言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。《曲(qu)礼》曰(yue)(yue)：“诗书(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，临文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。”是(shi)为诗为书(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辟(pi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)。由作(zuo)诗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)祭得(de)(de)歌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《尚书(shu)(shu)·牧誓》云(yun)“今(jin)子(zi)(zi)发(fa)(fa)”，《武(wu)成》云(yun)“周王(wang)(wang)发(fa)(fa)”。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)称名(ming)(ming)(ming)告众，史(shi)官录(lu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，知(zhi)於(wu)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)。《金縢》云(yun)“元(yuan)孙某”，独讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)，成王(wang)(wang)启(qi)金縢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)，亲(qin)自读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，曰(yue)(yue)改(gai)为“某”。既(ji)读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，史(shi)官始录(lu)，依(yi)王(wang)(wang)所读(du)，遂即云(yun)“某”。《武(wu)成》、《牧誓》则(ze)(ze)宣(xuan)诸(zhu)(zhu)众人(ren)，宣(xuan)讫则(ze)(ze)录(lu)，故(gu)因而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改(gai)也(ye)(ye)。古者(zhe)(zhe)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)名(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)字(zi)，《礼》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)字(zi)为氏(shi)(shi)，明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)。屈原云(yun)：“朕(zhen)皇考曰(yue)(yue)伯庸。”是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验也(ye)(ye)。

故以国(guo)则废名，国(guo)不可易，故废名。

[疏]注“国不”至“废名”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：国(guo)名受(shou)之天子，不可辄易(yi)。若以国(guo)为名，终卒(zu)(zu)之后则(ze)废名不讳；若未卒(zu)(zu)之前，误(wu)以本国(guo)为名，则(ze)改(gai)其所(suo)名。晋之先(xian)君唐叔封唐，燮(xie)父(fu)称晋。若国(guo)不可易(yi)而晋得改(gai)者，盖王命(ming)使改(gai)之。

以(yi)官则(ze)废职(zhi)，以(yi)山川则(ze)废主，改(gai)其山川之名。

[疏]注“改其山川之名”。
　　○正义曰：废主(zhu)，谓废其(qi)所(suo)主(zhu)山(shan)川之名(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)废其(qi)所(suo)主(zhu)之祭(ji)。知者，汉文帝讳恒，改(gai)北岳(yue)为常(chang)山(shan)，讳名(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)废岳(yue)是也。刘(liu)炫(xuan)云：废主(zhu)，谓废其(qi)所(suo)主(zhu)山(shan)川，不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)更得其(qi)祀，故须改(gai)其(qi)山(shan)川之名(ming)(ming)。鲁改(gai)二山(shan)，是其(qi)事也。

以畜牲(sheng)则废祀，名(ming)猪则废猪，名(ming)羊则废羊。以器(qi)币则废礼。晋(jin)以僖(xi)侯(hou)废司徒，僖(xi)侯(hou)名(ming)司徒，废为中军。

[疏]“废祀”、“废礼”。
　　○正义曰：祀以牲为(wei)主，无牲则祀废(fei)。器(qi)(qi)(qi)币(bi)以行礼(li)，器(qi)(qi)(qi)少则礼(li)阙。祀虽用(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，少一器(qi)(qi)(qi)而祀不废(fei)，且诸礼(li)皆用(yong)器(qi)(qi)(qi)币(bi)，故以废(fei)礼(li)总之。

宋以武公废司空，武公名司空，废为司城。先君献、武废二山，二山，具、敖也。鲁献公名具，武公名敖，更以其乡名山。
　　○敖，五羔反(fan)。

[疏]注“二山”至“名山”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《晋(jin)语(yu)》云：“范献(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)聘(pin)於鲁，问具、敖(ao)之(zhi)山，鲁人以(yi)(yi)其乡(xiang)对(dui)。”献(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不(bu)为具、敖(ao)乎？”对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先君献(xian)(xian)、武之(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)也。”是其以(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)名山也。《礼(li)》称(cheng)“舍(she)故而讳(hui)(hui)(hui)新”，亲尽不(bu)复更讳(hui)(hui)(hui)。计献(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)聘(pin)鲁在(zai)昭公之(zhi)世，献(xian)(xian)、武之(zhi)讳(hui)(hui)(hui)久已(yi)舍(she)矣，而尚以(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)对(dui)者，当讳(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)时改(gai)其山号，讳(hui)(hui)(hui)虽已(yi)舍(she)，山不(bu)复名。故依本改(gai)名，以(yi)(yi)其乡(xiang)对(dui)。犹司徒、司空，虽历世多而不(bu)复改(gai)名也。然献(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)言(yan)之(zhi)不(bu)为失礼(li)，而云名其二讳(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)(yi)自尤者，《礼(li)》：入(ru)国而问禁(jin)，入(ru)门(men)而问讳(hui)(hui)(hui)。献(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)入(ru)鲁不(bu)问，故以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)为惭耳。

是以大(da)物(wu)不可以命(ming)。”公曰：“是其生也(ye)(ye)，与(yu)吾同(tong)物(wu)，命(ming)之曰同(tong)。”物(wu)，类也(ye)(ye)。谓同(tong)日。

[疏]注“物，类也。谓同日”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《鲁世家(jia)》云：“桓公(gong)六年，夫(fu)人生子，与桓公(gong)同日，故名之曰(yue)(yue)同。”是(shi)知同物为同日也。言物，类者，辨此(ci)以为类命也。

冬，纪侯(hou)来朝，请(qing)王命以求成于齐。公告不能。纪微(wei)弱，不能自通於天子，欲因公以请(qing)王命，无(wu)宠於王，故告不能。

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