卷四 隐六年,尽十一年
【经】六年,春,郑人来渝平。(和而不盟曰平。
○渝(yu),羊朱反,变也。)
[疏]注“和而不盟曰平”。
○正义(yi)曰:宣十五年(nian)宋人及(ji)(ji)楚(chu)人平(ping)(ping),传(chuan)载其(qi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)辞(ci)。昭七年(nian)燕暨齐平(ping)(ping),传(chuan)称“盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于濡上”。似平(ping)(ping)皆有盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),而云不盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)者,平(ping)(ping)实解怨和好之辞(ci),非要盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也。彼自既平(ping)(ping)之后(hou)(hou),别为盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)耳。此与定十年(nian)“及(ji)(ji)齐平(ping)(ping)”皆传(chuan)无盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)事。定十一(yi)年(nian)“及(ji)(ji)郑平(ping)(ping)”下乃云“叔(shu)还如郑莅(li)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)”,平(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)乃盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),知平(ping)(ping)非盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也。
夏,五月,辛酉,公会齐侯,盟于艾。泰山牟县东南有艾山。
○艾,五盖反。
秋,七(qi)月(yue),虽无事而书首月(yue),具四时以成岁,他皆(jie)放此(ci)。
[疏]注“虽无”至“放此”。
○正义(yi)曰:《公羊(yang)传》曰:“此(ci)无事(shi)何以(yi)书(shu)(shu)?《春秋(qiu)》虽无事(shi),首(shou)时(shi)(shi)(shi)过则书(shu)(shu)。首(shou)时(shi)(shi)(shi)过则何以(yi)书(shu)(shu)?《春秋(qiu)》编年(nian),四时(shi)(shi)(shi)具,然后为年(nian)。”此(ci)注用(yong)《公羊(yang)》为说。《释例(li)》曰:“年(nian)之(zhi)四时(shi)(shi)(shi),虽或无事(shi),必空书(shu)(shu)首(shou)月(yue),以(yi)纪时(shi)(shi)(shi)变,以(yi)明历数也。”
冬,宋人取长葛。秋取,冬乃告也。上有“伐郑,围长葛”,长葛,郑邑可知,故不言郑也。前年冬围,不克而还。今冬乘长葛无备而取之,言易也。
○易,以豉反(fan),传同。
[疏]注“秋取”至“易也”。
○正义(yi)曰:经(jing)(jing)书(shu)“冬(dong)(dong)(dong)”,传(chuan)言(yan)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)”。丘(qiu)明(ming)为(wei)(wei)传(chuan)例,不(bu)虚举(ju)经(jing)(jing)文,独以(yi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)言(yan)此(ci)事。明(ming)是以(yi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)取(qu),冬(dong)(dong)(dong)乃(nai)告(gao)也(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)(dong)(dong)告(gao)者(zhe),告(gao)言(yan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)始(shi)取(qu)耳(er),故(gu)书(shu)之於(wu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)。若其(qi)(qi)使以(yi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)至告(gao),言(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)取(qu),亦当追书(shu)於(wu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。八年传(chuan)曰:“冬(dong)(dong)(dong),齐侯使来告(gao),成(cheng)三(san)(san)国。”秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)成(cheng)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)告(gao),书(shu)之於(wu)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。明(ming)此(ci)以(yi)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)取(qu)告(gao),故(gu)书(shu)於(wu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)(ye)。贾、服以(yi)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)葛(ge)不(bu)系郑(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe),剌不(bu)能抚有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)邑。凡邑为(wei)(wei)他(ta)国所取(qu),皆是不(bu)能抚有(you)(you)之,何故(gu)於(wu)此(ci)独为(wei)(wei)恶(e)郑(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)故(gu)杜以(yi)为(wei)(wei)上有(you)(you)伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng)围长(zhang)葛(ge),则长(zhang)葛(ge)郑(zheng)(zheng)邑可知(zhi),故(gu)不(bu)言(yan)郑(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。既言(yan)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)取(qu),取(qu)实(shi)在秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)因其(qi)(qi)经(jing)(jing)文在冬(dong)(dong)(dong),遂言(yan)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)无备。襄十三(san)(san)年传(chuan)例曰:“凡书(shu)‘取(qu)’,言(yan)易也(ye)(ye)。”知(zhi)此(ci)乘(cheng)其(qi)(qi)无备而取(qu)之也(ye)(ye)。杜知(zhi)长(zhang)葛(ge)不(bu)系郑(zheng)(zheng),非(fei)大(da)都以(yi)名通(tong)者(zhe),以(yi)前年云“伐(fa)郑(zheng)(zheng),围长(zhang)葛(ge)”,长(zhang)葛(ge)之文系於(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。刘炫以(yi)大(da)都通(tong)名而规(gui)杜氏(shi),非(fei)也(ye)(ye)。
【传】六年春,郑人来渝平,更成也。(渝,变也。公之为公子,战於狐壤,为郑所执,逃归,怨郑。郑伐宋,公欲救宋,宋使者失辞,公怒而止。忿宋则欲厚郑,郑因此而来,故经书“渝平”,传曰“更成”。
○壤,如掌反。使,所(suo)吏反。)
[疏]传注“渝变”至“更成”。
○正义(yi)曰:“渝(yu),变(bian)也”,《释(shi)言》文。变(bian)平(ping)者(zhe),变(bian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)前(qian)恶而复为和好(hao)。变(bian)即更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),成(cheng)则平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)训,故传解“渝(yu)平(ping)”谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)成(cheng)”。自狐(hu)壤(rang)以(yi)来与郑不和,今日复和,故曰“更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)成(cheng)”,言更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)复狐(hu)壤(rang)以(yi)前(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)也。服虔云:“公为郑所获,释(shi)而不结平(ping),於是(shi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)(geng)为约束以(yi)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故曰渝(yu)平(ping)。”案(an)传,公赂(lu)尹氏而与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逃归,非郑所释(shi),安得释(shi)而结平(ping)也?
翼九宗、五正、顷父之子嘉父,逆晋侯于随,翼,晋旧都也。唐叔始封,受怀姓九宗,职官五正,遂世为晋强家。五正,五官之长。九宗,一姓为九族也。顷父之子嘉父,晋大夫。
○顷音(yin)倾。长,丁丈反,下丈及注(zhu)同。
[疏]注“翼晋”至“大夫”。
○正义曰:唐叔(shu)始封,受怀姓九宗,职官(guan)五正者(zhe)(zhe),谓周成王灭唐,始封唐叔(shu),以(yi)怀氏一姓九族,及是先代五官(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)子孙赐之(zhi)。言五官(guan)之(zhi)长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe),谓於殷时为五行(xing)官(guan)长(zhang),今褒宠唐叔(shu),故以(yi)其家族赐之(zhi)耳(er)。今云顷父(fu)之(zhi)子嘉父(fu)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)顷父(fu)旧居(ju)职位(wei),名号章(zhang)显,嘉父(fu)新为大夫,未甚(shen)著见,故系(xi)之(zhi)於父(fu)。诸系(xi)父(fu)为文者(zhe)(zhe),义皆(jie)同(tong)此(ci)也。
纳诸鄂,晋人谓之鄂侯。鄂,晋别邑。诸地名疑者皆言有,以示不审;阙者不复记其阙。他皆放此。前年桓王立此侯之子於翼,故不得复入翼,别居鄂。
○鄂,五各反(fan)。不复,扶(fu)又反(fan),下同。
[疏]注“诸地”至“放此”。
○正(zheng)义曰:杜言“不复(fu)记其(qi)阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”者(zhe),谓但言某邑(yi)(yi)而已(yi),下(xia)不云(yun)“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”。若鄂直云(yun)“晋别邑(yi)(yi)”,及翼侯奔(ben)随(sui),注(zhu)云(yun)“随(sui),晋地”,郑人侵卫(wei)牧(mu),注(zhu)云(yun)“牧(mu),卫(wei)邑(yi)(yi)”,如此之(zhi)类(lei),皆不言“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若不知何国(guo)之(zhi)地者(zhe),则(ze)言“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”,若虞(yu)公出奔(ben)其(qi)池,公孙(sun)婴齐卒(zu)于貍脤,并注(zhu)云(yun)“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。亦有虽(sui)知某国(guo)之(zhi)地,注(zhu)亦云(yun)“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”,则(ze)隐(yin)十一年(nian)苏忿生(sheng)十二邑(yi)(yi),注(zhu)“陉”云(yun)“阙(que)(que)(que)(que)”者(zhe),以馀邑(yi)(yi)皆知所在,唯此独阙(que)(que)(que)(que)故也(ye)(ye)。
夏,盟于艾,始平于齐也。春秋前,鲁与齐不平,今乃弃恶结好,故言始平于齐。
○好(hao),呼报(bao)反。
五月,庚(geng)申,郑伯侵陈,大获。往岁郑伯请成(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)陈,成(cheng)(cheng)犹平也。
[疏]“五月庚申”。
○正义曰:案经盟于艾亦在五月(yue),传略(lve)不言月(yue)。庚(geng)申(shen)之(zhi)日(ri),须月(yue)以统(tong)之(zhi),故别言五月(yue)。他皆放(fang)此。
陈侯不许。五父谏曰:“亲仁善邻,国之宝也。君其许郑。”五父,陈公子佗。
○佗,徒何反,人名皆同。
○陈侯曰:“宋、卫实难,可畏难也。
○难,乃旦反,注同。郑何能为?”遂不许。君子曰:“‘善不可失,恶不可长。’其陈桓公之谓乎!长恶不悛,从自及也。悛,止也。从,随也。
○悛,七全反。虽欲救之,其将能乎?《商书》曰:‘恶之易也,如火之燎于原,不可乡迩,《商书·盘庚》言恶易长,如火焚原野,不可乡近。
○燎,力召反,又力吊反。乡,本又作向,同,许亮反。近,附近之近。其犹可扑灭?’言不可扑灭。
○扑,普卜反。周任有言,周任,周大夫。
○任音壬。曰:‘为国家者,见恶如农夫之务去草焉,芟夷蕴崇之,绝其本根,勿使能殖,则善者信矣。’”芟,刈也。夷,杀也。蕴,积也。崇,聚也。
○去,起吕(lv)反(fan)。芟,所(suo)衔反(fan);《说文》作癹,匹末(mo)反(fan),云以(yi)足蹋夷草。蕴(yun),纡(yu)纷(fen)反(fan)。信如(ru)字(zi),一音申。
秋,宋人取长葛。
冬,京师来告饥。公为之请籴於宋、卫、齐、郑,礼也。告饥不以王命,故传言“京师”,而不书於经也。虽非王命,而公共以称命,已国不足,旁请邻国,故曰礼也。传见隐之贤。
○为,于伪反。籴,直历(li)反。见,贤遍反。
[疏]注“告饥”至“之贤”。
○正义曰(yue):王(wang)使至(zhi)鲁(lu),皆(jie)应书(shu)经(jing),此独不(bu)书(shu),故解之(zhi)。以人情恕之(zhi),不(bu)得(de)自(zi)不(bu)输粟(su),空告他人。故知已(yi)国(guo)不(bu)足,旁请邻国(guo),故曰(yue)礼也。定五年“归粟(su)于蔡”尚书(shu)於(wu)经(jing),此不(bu)书(shu)者,鲁(lu)以往岁螟灾,故已(yi)国(guo)饥困,所(suo)(suo)输不(bu)多,宋、郑输粟(su),不(bu)复告鲁(lu),故皆(jie)不(bu)书(shu)。此事无经(jing)而发,故解传意(yi),见(jian)隐之(zhi)贤。诸无经(jing)之(zhi)传,皆(jie)意(yi)有(you)所(suo)(suo)见(jian),悉皆(jie)放此。
郑伯如周,始朝桓王也。桓王即位,周、郑交恶,至是乃朝,故曰始。王不礼焉。周桓公言於王曰:“我周之东迁,晋、郑焉依。周桓公,周公黑肩也。周,采地,扶风雍县东北有周城。幽王为犬戎所杀,平王东徙,晋文侯、郑武公左右王室,故曰晋、郑焉依。
○焉(yan)依,如(ru)字(zi);或於虔反,非。雍,於用反。左音佐,右音祐,又并如(ru)字(zi)。
[疏]注“周桓”至“焉依”。
○正义(yi)曰:桓公是(shi)周公黑肩,事见(jian)桓十八年(nian)传(chuan)也。幽王娶(qu)申女为后(hou)(hou),生大子(zi)宜臼。后(hou)(hou)得褒姒(si),嬖之,生子(zi)伯服(fu)。废申后(hou)(hou),逐大子(zi)。以褒姒(si)为后(hou)(hou),伯服(fu)为大子(zi)。宜臼奔申申。侯乃与犬戎(rong)共(gong)攻(gong)幽王,杀(sha)幽王於(wu)骊山之下(xia)。於(wu)是(shi)诸侯乃与申侯共(gong)立宜臼,是(shi)为平王。以西都逼戎(rong),晋(jin)文侯、郑武公夹辅平王,东(dong)迁洛邑。《毛诗》、《尚书》、《国(guo)语》、《史记》皆略有其事。
善郑以劝来者,犹惧不蔇,蔇,至也。
○蔇,其(qi)器反。况不礼(li)焉?郑不来矣(yi)!”为桓(huan)五(wu)年诸侯(hou)从王伐郑传(chuan)。
【经】七年,春,王三月,叔姬归于纪。(无传。叔姬,伯姬之娣也。至是归者,待年於父母国,不与嫡俱行,故书。
○嫡,本又(you)作(zuo)適,同,丁历反。)
[疏]注“叔姬”至“故书”。
○正(zheng)义曰:女(nv)(nv)嫁(jia)於(wu)他国(guo),皆有侄、娣与適(shi)俱行(xing),则所尊(zun)(zun)在(zai)適(shi),书(shu)(shu)適(shi),不书(shu)(shu)侄、娣。叔姬(ji),待(dai)年之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv),年满特(te)行(xing),故书(shu)(shu)其归。鲁女(nv)(nv)嫁(jia)於(wu)他国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)卿,皆书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)。夫人之(zhi)(zhi)娣尊(zun)(zun),与卿同其书(shu)(shu),固(gu)是常例。贾云:“书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),剌纪贵叔姬(ji)。”传(chuan)无其事,是妄说也。
滕侯卒。传例曰:“不书名,未同盟也。”滕国在沛国公丘县东南。
○沛音贝。
[疏]“滕侯卒”。
○正义曰:《谱(pu)》云:“滕,姬姓,文王(wang)子错叔绣之(zhi)后(hou)。武王(wang)封之(zhi),居滕,今沛郡公(gong)(gong)(gong)丘县(xian)是也。自叔绣至(zhi)宣(xuan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)七世(shi),乃见《春秋》。隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)以下,《春秋》后(hou)六(liu)世(shi),而齐(qi)(qi)灭之(zhi)。”《世(shi)本》云:“齐(qi)(qi)景公(gong)(gong)(gong)亡滕。”案齐(qi)(qi)景之(zhi)卒(zu)在滕、隐(yin)之(zhi)前(qian),《世(shi)本》言隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后(hou)仍有六(liu)世(shi)为君,而云“齐(qi)(qi)景亡滕”,为谬何甚!服虔昭四年注(zhu)亦云:“齐(qi)(qi)景亡滕”,是不考校而谬言之(zhi)。《地理志》云:“沛郡公(gong)(gong)(gong)丘县(xian),故滕国(guo)也,周文王(wang)子错叔绣所(suo)封,三十(shi)一(yi)世(shi)为齐(qi)(qi)所(suo)灭。”
夏,城中丘。城例在庄二十九年。中丘在琅邪临沂县东北。
○琅(lang)音(yin)郎(lang)。沂,鱼依反。
齐(qi)侯(hou)使其(qi)弟年来(lai)聘。诸聘皆使卿执玉帛以(yi)相存问,例(li)在襄(xiang)九年。
[疏]注“诸聘”至“九年”。
○正义曰(yue):《聘(pin)(pin)礼》:“使者(zhe)执圭以(yi)(yi)致命,束(shu)帛加(jia)璧以(yi)(yi)致享。”郑玄(xuan)云(yun):“享,献也(ye)(ye)。既聘(pin)(pin)又献,所以(yi)(yi)厚(hou)恩(en)惠也(ye)(ye)。”是执玉帛以(yi)(yi)相(xiang)存问也(ye)(ye)。《玉人(ren)职》云(yun):“瑑圭璋(zhang)(zhang)璧琮,八寸,以(yi)(yi)覜聘(pin)(pin)。”注(zhu)云(yun)八寸者(zhe),据上(shang)公之(zhi)(zhi)臣。案聘(pin)(pin)礼:圭以(yi)(yi)聘(pin)(pin)君(jun),璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)聘(pin)(pin)夫(fu)人(ren)。既行聘(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),璧以(yi)(yi)享君(jun),琮以(yi)(yi)享夫(fu)人(ren)。又郑玄(xuan)注(zhu)《小行人(ren)》云(yun)“使卿大夫(fu)覜聘(pin)(pin),降其(qi)君(jun)瑞(rui)一等。”则侯(hou)伯之(zhi)(zhi)臣圭璋(zhang)(zhang)璧琮皆六(liu)寸,子男之(zhi)(zhi)臣皆四(si)寸。又《小行人(ren)》云(yun):“圭以(yi)(yi)马,璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)皮,璧以(yi)(yi)帛,琮以(yi)(yi)锦(jin),琥(hu)以(yi)(yi)绣,璜以(yi)(yi)黼(fu)。”郑玄(xuan)注(zhu)云(yun):二(er)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)享天(tian)子圭以(yi)(yi)马,享后(hou)璋(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)皮。其(qi)馀诸侯(hou)享天(tian)子璧以(yi)(yi)帛,享后(hou)琮以(yi)(yi)锦(jin),子男享大国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)琥(hu)以(yi)(yi)绣,享大国(guo)夫(fu)人(ren)璜以(yi)(yi)黼(fu)。是玉帛之(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)。
秋,公伐邾。
冬,天王使凡伯来聘。凡伯,周卿士。凡,国;伯,爵也。汲郡共县东南有凡城。
○共音恭。凡,字本作汎,音凡。戎伐凡伯于楚丘以归。戎鸣锺鼓以伐天子之使,见夷狄强虣。不书凡伯败者,单使无众,非战陈也。但言以归,非执也。楚丘,卫地,在济阴城武县西南。
○使,所吏反(fan),下(xia)同。见,贤遍反(fan)。虣,蒲报反(fan)。陈,直觐(jin)反(fan)。
[疏]注“戎鸣”至“西南”。
○正义曰(yue):传(chuan)例“有锺鼓(gu)曰(yue)伐”。此既言(yan)“伐”,知其(qi)(qi)鸣锺鼓(gu)也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)意言(yan)“以归(gui)(gui)”者,以彼随己(ji)而已,非(fei)囚(qiu)执之辞(ci),故云“但言(yan)以归(gui)(gui),非(fei)执也(ye)(ye)”。杜(du)必(bi)知“以归(gui)(gui)非(fei)执”者,《穀梁传(chuan)》云:“以归(gui)(gui),犹愈(yu)乎(hu)执也(ye)(ye)。”又昭十三年“晋人执季孙意如以归(gui)(gui)”,若“以归(gui)(gui)”是(shi)“执”,何须别起(qi)“执”文(wen)。明(ming)直言(yan)“以归(gui)(gui)”者非(fei)“执”也(ye)(ye)。至如定四年“以沈子(zi)(zi)嘉归(gui)(gui)”,经云“杀(sha)之”;哀七年“以邾(zhu)子(zi)(zi)益来”,传(chuan)云“囚(qiu)诸负瑕”。既有“囚(qiu)”、“杀(sha)”之文(wen),容或是(shi)“执”。若直言(yan)“以归(gui)(gui)”,无“囚(qiu)”、“杀(sha)”之事者,则非(fei)执者也(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)秋》有文(wen)同事异,此即其(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)。刘君引沈子(zi)(zi)、邾(zhu)子(zi)(zi)云“以归(gui)(gui)者皆执”,以规杜(du)氏,非(fei)其(qi)(qi)义也(ye)(ye)。
【传】七年,春,滕侯卒。不书名,未同盟也。凡诸侯同盟,於是称名,故薨则赴以名,(盟以名告神,故薨亦以名告同盟。)告终、嗣也,以继好息民,(告亡者之终,称嗣位之主嗣位之主。当奉而不忘,故曰:继好。好同则和亲,故曰息民。
○好(hao),呼报(bao)反,注同。)谓之(zhi)礼经。(此(ci)(ci)言(yan)凡(fan)例,乃周公所制礼经也(ye)。十一年不告之(zhi)例,又(you)曰不书(shu)於策。明礼经皆(jie)当书(shu)於策。仲尼脩《春秋》,皆(jie)承策为经。丘明之(zhi)传(chuan)博采众记,故始(shi)开凡(fan)例,特显(xian)此(ci)(ci)二句。他皆(jie)放此(ci)(ci)。)
[疏]“凡诸”至“礼经”。
○正义曰:诸侯者,公侯伯子男五等之总号。侯训君也。五等之主虽爵命小异,而俱是国君,故总称诸侯也。诸发凡者皆周公之垂法,史书之旧章。丘明采合旧语,以发明史例。虽意是旧典,而辞出丘明,非全写旧语。同盟称名,薨则赴以名,是周公之旧典。其告终称嗣以下,乃是解释“赴”意,非旧语也。僖二十三年又发例曰:“凡诸侯同盟,死则赴以名,礼也。”直言赴名是礼,不言继好是礼。“继好息民”是礼之大意,非礼之实,明是丘明言此以解赴名之意。彼云“礼也”,此云“谓之礼经”,其事一也。言谓此赴名为礼之常法。丘明之意,言周公谓之然也。“谓之礼经”虽指此一事,诸发凡者莫不尽然。以此为例之初,故特言之。
○注“此言”至“放此”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):凡(fan)(fan)例(li)是(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)制(zhi),其来亦无所(suo)出。以传言“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)经”,则是(shi)“先圣(sheng)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)”,非丘明自谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)策(ce)(ce),必有旧法。一代大典,周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)制(zhi),故(gu)知凡(fan)(fan)例(li)亦是(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)制(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)言凡(fan)(fan)例(li)则云“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)经”,不(bu)(bu)言凡(fan)(fan)例(li)则云“不(bu)(bu)书(shu)於策(ce)(ce)”。以此(ci)(ci)明所(suo)谓(wei)“礼(li)经”,皆(jie)当书(shu)策(ce)(ce)。从传之(zhi)(zhi)首(shou)至(zhi)此(ci)(ci),始(shi)开凡(fan)(fan)例(li),故(gu)特显此(ci)(ci)二(er)句。二(er)句者,“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)经”是(shi)一句,与(yu)“不(bu)(bu)书(shu)于策(ce)(ce)”为二(er)句也(ye)。然则九(jiu)年“凡(fan)(fan)雨,自三(san)日以往为霖”,不(bu)(bu)以为始(shi),而远取十一年,云“始(shi)开凡(fan)(fan)例(li)”者,以九(jiu)年唯(wei)记(ji)当国雨雪之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),史(shi)策(ce)(ce)旧文,非是(shi)赴告国家大事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)。
夏,城(cheng)中丘。书,不时也。
齐侯使(shi)夷仲年来聘(pin),结艾之(zhi)盟(meng)也。艾盟(meng)在六年。
秋,宋及郑平。七月庚申,盟于宿。公伐邾,为宋讨也。公拒宋而更与郑平,欲以郑为援。今郑复与宋盟,故惧而伐邾,欲以求宋,故曰为宋讨。
○为(wei)宋,于(yu)伪反,注(zhu)“为(wei)宋”同。援,于(yu)眷反。复,扶又(you)反。
初,戎朝(chao)于周,发币于公卿,凡伯弗宾。朝(chao)而发币於公卿,如(ru)今计献诣(yi)公府卿寺。
[疏]注“朝(chao)而”至(zhi)“卿(qing)寺(si)”。正义曰:朝(chao)於天子(zi),献国之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)有(you),亦发陈财币於公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)之(zhi)府(fu)(fu)寺(si)。如(ru)今者,如(ru)晋时(shi)诸州年终遣会计之(zhi)吏献物(wu)於天子(zi),因令以物(wu)诣公(gong)(gong)府(fu)(fu)卿(qing)寺(si)。然自(zi)汉以来,三公(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)谓之(zhi)府(fu)(fu),九卿(qing)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)谓之(zhi)寺(si)。《风俗(su)通(tong)》曰:“府(fu)(fu),聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)牧(mu)守府(fu)(fu),道德之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。藏府(fu)(fu),私府(fu)(fu),财货(huo)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。寺(si),司(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye),庭有(you)法度,今官所(suo)(suo)止皆曰寺(si)。”《释(shi)名》曰:“寺(si),嗣(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye),治事者相嗣(si)续於其(qi)内。”
冬(dong),王使凡伯(bo)(bo)来聘。还,戎伐之于楚(chu)丘(qiu)以(yi)归。传言凡伯(bo)(bo)所以(yi)见伐。
陈及郑平。六年,郑侵陈,大获。今乃平。十二月,陈五父如郑莅盟。莅,临也。
○壬申,及郑伯盟,歃如忘。志不在於歃血。
○歃,色洽反(fan),歃血也。如忘,亡亮反(fan),服虔(qian)云:“如,而也”。
[疏]“歃如忘”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):歃(sha)(sha)谓口含(han)血也(ye)(ye)(ye)。当歃(sha)(sha)血之时,如似遗忘(wang)(wang)(wang)物然,故注云志(zhi)不(bu)在於歃(sha)(sha)血也(ye)(ye)(ye)。服虔(qian)云:“如,而也(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽歃(sha)(sha)而忘(wang)(wang)(wang)其(qi)盟载(zai)之辞,言不(bu)精也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”盟载(zai)之辞在於简策,祝史读以告(gao)神,非歃(sha)(sha)者自(zi)诵之,何(he)言忘(wang)(wang)(wang)载(zai)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)?且忘(wang)(wang)(wang)否在心,五父终不(bu)自(zi)言已忘(wang)(wang)(wang),洩伯(bo)安知其(qi)忘(wang)(wang)(wang)而讥(ji)之?
洩伯曰:“五父必不免,不赖盟矣。”氵曳伯,郑洩驾。
○洩,息列反。郑良佐如陈莅盟。良佐,郑大夫。辛巳,及陈侯盟,亦知陈之将乱也。入其国,观其政治,故总言之也。皆为桓五年、六年陈乱,蔡人杀陈佗传。
○治,直吏(li)反。
郑公子忽在王所,故陈侯请妻之。以忽为王宠故。
○妻,七计反。郑伯许之,乃成昏。为郑忽失齐昏援以至出奔传。
○为郑,于伪(wei)反。
【经】八年,春,宋公、卫侯遇于垂。(垂,卫地。济阴句阳县东北有垂亭。
○句,古侯(hou)反。)
三月,郑伯使宛来归祊。宛,郑大夫。不书氏,未赐族。祊,郑祀泰山之邑,在琅邪费县东南。
○宛,於阮反。祊,必彭反。费音(yin)祕(mi)。
[疏]注“宛郑”至“东南”。
○正义曰(yue):内卿贬(bian)则(ze)去(qu)族,外(wai)卿贬(bian)则(ze)称人。外(wai)无(wu)去(qu)族之(zhi)理。今宛无(wu)族,传无(wu)讥文(wen),故(gu)知(zhi)未赐族也。传言郑释泰山(shan)之(zhi)祀,使来归祊,知(zhi)祊是郑祀泰山(shan)之(zhi)邑(yi)。郑以桓公之(zhi)故(gu),受邑(yi)泰山(shan)之(zhi)下,天子(zi)祭(ji)泰山(shan)必从(cong)往助(zhu)祭(ji),使共汤沐焉,故(gu)《公羊》谓之(zhi)“汤沐之(zhi)邑(yi)”。既有(you)(you)此邑(yi),因立(li)别庙(miao)。刘炫云(yun):“言祀泰山(shan)之(zhi)邑(yi)者,谓泰山(shan)之(zhi)旁有(you)(you)此邑(yi)。邑(yi)内有(you)(you)郑宗庙(miao)之(zhi)祀,盖祀桓、武(wu)之(zhi)神。”
庚寅,我入(ru)祊(beng)。桓元年(nian),乃卒易祊(beng)田,知此入(ru)祊(beng),未(wei)肯受而(er)有之(zhi)。
夏,六月,已亥,蔡叔考父卒。无传。襄六年传曰:“杞桓公卒,始赴以名,同盟故也。”诸侯同盟称名者,非唯见在位二君也。尝与其父同盟,则亦以名赴其子,亦所以继好也。蔡未与隐盟,盖春秋前与惠公盟,故赴以名。
○见,贤遍反。好(hao),呼(hu)报反。
[疏]注“襄六”至“以名”。
○正义曰:同(tong)盟赴(fu)(fu)(fu)名,自(zi)有(you)成例,而引杞桓(huan)公者(zhe),蔡(cai)自(zi)春秋以(yi)来(lai)未与鲁盟,疑与惠公同(tong)盟,故(gu)引杞桓(huan)为(wei)例。杞桓(huan)与成公同(tong)盟,而以(yi)名赴(fu)(fu)(fu)襄公,传曰“同(tong)盟故(gu)也”,则(ze)与其(qi)父(fu)盟得以(yi)名赴(fu)(fu)(fu)其(qi)子,故(gu)疑蔡(cai)与惠盟,故(gu)以(yi)名赴(fu)(fu)(fu)隐也。同(tong)盟称(cheng)名,则(ze)两君(jun)(jun)(jun)相知(zhi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)既知(zhi)之,则(ze)国内(nei)皆(jie)知(zhi)。故(gu)彼父(fu)虽薨,得以(yi)名赴(fu)(fu)(fu)彼子,以(yi)此名学与彼父(fu)对称(cheng)故(gu)也。若父(fu)与彼盟,彼君(jun)(jun)(jun)虽在,此子不得以(yi)其(qi)名赴(fu)(fu)(fu),以(yi)此名未与彼君(jun)(jun)(jun)对称(cheng)故(gu)也。
辛亥,宿男卒。无传。元年,宋、鲁大夫盟于宿,宿与盟也。晋荀偃祷河,称齐、晋君名,然后自称名,知虽大夫出盟,亦当先称已君之名以启神明,故薨皆从身盟之例,当告以名也。传例曰:“赴以名,则亦书之,不然则否,辟不敏也”。今宿赴不以名,故亦不书名。诸例或发於始事,或发於后者,因宜有所异同,亦或丘明所得记注本末不能皆备故。
○宿与音预,下“不与”同。祷,丁(ding)老反,或丁(ding)报反。
[疏]注“元年”至“备故”。
○正义曰:於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)例,盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)地,则(ze)(ze)地主(zhu)与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。元年“盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)于(yu)宿(su)”,知宿(su)与(yu)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)。鲁、宋俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)微人(ren),宿(su)君(jun)(jun)必(bi)(bi)不(bu)亲与(yu),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)亦大夫盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)。盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)、祷虽异,俱(ju)是(shi)(shi)告(gao)神(shen)。荀偃(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祷,先(xian)称君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming),知大夫聚盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)亦各称君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming),臣(chen)(chen)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)既(ji)称君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming),则(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)薨得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)赴(fu)。宿(su)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒(zu),宜(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)赴(fu)鲁。今宿(su)男不(bu)名(ming)(ming)(ming),自(zi)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)赴(fu),非法不(bu)得(de)也(ye),故(gu)引(yin)僖二十三年传(chuan)例以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)其赴(fu)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),虽知亦不(bu)得(de)书(shu)也(ye)。“诸(zhu)君(jun)(jun)不(bu)亲盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)赴(fu)鲁”,注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“大夫盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)某者,义皆出此。”卫冀(ji)隆(long)难杜云(yun)(yun):“周(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen),臣(chen)(chen)子(zi)何得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)告(gao)神(shen)?又荀偃(yan)祷河,一时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)耳,非正礼也(ye),何得(de)知大夫盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)先(xian)称君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming)乎?”杜必(bi)(bi)为(wei)此解者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讳事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen),谓讳神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其神(shen),若祭祖而讳祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。山川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)尊於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)侯(hou),故(gu)《尚书(shu)·武(wu)成(cheng)(cheng)》告(gao)名(ming)(ming)(ming)山川,云(yun)(yun)“有道周(zhou)(zhou)王发(fa)(fa)(fa)”,则(ze)(ze)荀偃(yan)祷河自(zi)称君(jun)(jun)名(ming)(ming)(ming),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)理何怪?杜云(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)例或(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),或(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后者”,若七(qi)年“滕(teng)侯(hou)卒(zu)”,传(chuan)曰:“凡(fan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)同盟(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)称名(ming)(ming)(ming)。”及桓二年“公至自(zi)唐”,凡(fan)公行,告(gao)于(yu)宗庙(miao),是(shi)(shi)“或(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)。宣四(si)年“凡(fan)弑君(jun)(jun)称君(jun)(jun)”,及僖二十六年“凡(fan)师能左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”,是(shi)(shi)“或(huo)(huo)发(fa)(fa)(fa)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“因(yin)宜(yi)(yi)有所异同”者,宣四(si)年“郑公子(zi)归(gui)生弑君(jun)(jun)”,嫌归(gui)生无罪,及宣五年“高固来逆叔姬”,嫌“见逼(bi)成(cheng)(cheng)昏”,故(gu)传(chuan)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“亦或(huo)(huo)丘(qiu)明(ming)所得(de)记注(zhu)(zhu)本(ben)末不(bu)能皆备”者,但杜又自(zi)疑,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)诸(zhu)例皆应从始事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而发(fa)(fa)(fa),在后发(fa)(fa)(fa)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记注(zhu)(zhu)周(zhou)(zhou)公旧(jiu)凡(fan)不(bu)系(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)始事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),系(xi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),丘(qiu)明(ming)作传(chuan)因(yin)记注(zhu)(zhu)所系(xi),遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)发(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如杜此言(yan),则(ze)(ze)周(zhou)(zhou)公旧(jiu)凡(fan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)记注(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,散在诸(zhu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。丘(qiu)明(ming)作传(chuan),因(yin)记注(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文发(fa)(fa)(fa)例,故(gu)或(huo)(huo)先(xian)或(huo)(huo)后也(ye)。
秋(qiu),七月,庚午,宋公、齐侯、卫侯盟(meng)于瓦(wa)屋(wu)。齐侯尊宋,使(shi)主会,故宋公序齐上。瓦(wa)屋(wu),周地。
[疏]注“齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)”至“周(zhou)地(di)”。正义曰:《春(chun)秋》之例,国以(yi)(yi)大小(xiao)为(wei)(wei)序。《外传·郑语》云:“齐(qi)(qi)庄、僖(xi)於(wu)是(shi)乎小(xiao)伯(bo)。”此齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)即(ji)僖(xi)公(gong)也。此盟平宋(song)、卫(wei)也。齐(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)会主,则齐(qi)(qi)宜在上。今宋(song)在齐(qi)(qi)上,故特解之,由(you)宋(song)敬齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)与卫(wei)先遇,故齐(qi)(qi)侯(hou)尊宋(song)使为(wei)(wei)会主。瓦(wa)屋既阙(que),知是(shi)周(zhou)地(di)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其会于温,盟于瓦(wa)屋,会、盟不得(de)相(xiang)远,温是(shi)周(zhou)地(di),知瓦(wa)屋亦周(zhou)地(di)也。
八月,葬(zang)蔡(cai)宣公。无传。三月而葬(zang),速。
九月辛卯,公及莒人盟于浮来。莒人,微者,不嫌敌公侯,故直称公,例在僖二十九年。浮来,纪邑。东莞县北有邳乡,邳乡西有公来山,号曰邳来间。
○邳,蒲悲反。间如字。
[疏]注“莒人”至“来间”。
○正义曰:僖(xi)二十九年(nian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)会(hui)王子(zi)虎及诸侯之卿(qing),盟(meng)于翟泉,没“公(gong)(gong)(gong)”不(bu)言,贬卿(qing)称(cheng)“人”,直言会(hui)某(mou)人某(mou)人。传曰:“卿(qing)不(bu)书,罪之也(ye)。在礼(li),卿(qing)不(bu)会(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)侯,会(hui)伯(bo)子(zi)男可也(ye)。”此莒人乃对会(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)侯,故解之,莒是小国(guo),卿(qing)当(dang)称(cheng)“人”,非贬辞也(ye)。微(wei)者不(bu)嫌能敌公(gong)(gong)(gong)侯,故直称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)。
螟。无传。为灾。
冬,十有二月,无骇卒。公不与小敛,故不书日。卒而后赐族,故不书氏。
○敛,力(li)验反(fan)。
【传】八年春,齐侯将(jiang)平宋(song)、卫(wei),(平宋(song)、卫(wei)於(wu)郑。)有(you)会期。宋(song)公以(yi)币请(qing)於(wu)卫(wei),请(qing)先相见,(宋(song)敬齐命。)卫(wei)侯许之,故(gu)遇于(yu)犬丘(qiu)。(犬丘(qiu),垂(chui)也。地有(you)两名。)
[疏]注“犬丘”至“两名”。
○正义曰:地有两(liang)名,新旧(jiu)改易者,传(chuan)则(ze)言实以明之(zhi)。若二名俱(ju)存者,传(chuan)则(ze)错经以见之(zhi)。此犬(quan)丘与垂两(liang)名俱(ju)存,故传(chuan)不(bu)言实。《释例(li)》曰:“若一地二名,当时并存,则(ze)直两(liang)文互(hu)见,黑壤、犬(quan)丘、时来之(zhi)属(shu)是也。犹卿大夫(fu)名氏互(hu)见,非例(li)也。”
郑伯请释泰山之祀而祀周公,以泰山之祊易许田。三月,郑伯使宛来归祊,不祀泰山也。成王营王城,有迁都之志,故赐周公许田,以为鲁国朝宿之邑,后世因而立周公别庙焉。郑桓公,周宣王之母弟,封郑,有助祭泰山汤沐之邑在祊。郑以天子不能复巡狩,故欲以祊易许田,各从本国所近之宜。恐鲁以周公别庙为疑,故云巳废泰山之祀,而欲为鲁祀周公,孙辞以有求也。许田,近许之田。
○泰山(shan),如(ru)(ru)字(zi),东岳。能复,扶又(you)反(fan)。守,手(shou)又(you)反(fan)。近,附(fu)近之近,下(xia)(xia)同,又(you)如(ru)(ru)字(zi)。欲为,于伪反(fan),下(xia)(xia)为鲁(lu)同。
[疏]注“成王”至“之田”。
○正义曰(yue):成王(wang)(wang)营邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)洛,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,贡赋路均,将(jiang)於(wu)(wu)洛邑(yi)(yi)(yi)受朝(chao)(chao)(chao)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)近(jin)(jin)(jin)於(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)城,故(gu)(gu)(gu)赐周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)国(guo)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。《诗·鲁(lu)颂》曰(yue):“居常与许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),复周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宇。”是(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)得许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传》曰(yue):“许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)何?鲁(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)请易许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)而(er)求祀(si)(si)(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知后世因(yin)在许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)立周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)别庙焉。郑(zheng)桓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)宣王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di),故(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)泰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)亦(yi)受祊(beng)田(tian)(tian),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。祊(beng)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)内亦(yi)有(you)(you)郑(zheng)先君别庙。此时周(zhou)(zhou)室既衰,王(wang)(wang)不(bu)巡(xun)守(shou)(shou)。郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)子不(bu)复巡(xun)守(shou)(shou),则(ze)泰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)既废(fei)(fei)(fei),祊(beng)无所(suo)(suo)用(yong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)祊(beng)易许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)近(jin)(jin)(jin)郑(zheng),祊(beng)田(tian)(tian)近(jin)(jin)(jin)鲁(lu),各从(cong)本国(guo)所(suo)(suo)近(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜也(ye)(ye)。鲁(lu)以(yi)(yi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)奉(feng)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),易其田(tian)(tian)则(ze)废(fei)(fei)(fei)其祀(si)(si)(si)(si)。恐(kong)鲁(lu)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)别庙为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)疑,虑将(jiang)不(bu)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),云(yun)(yun)巳(si)(si)废(fei)(fei)(fei)泰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),而(er)欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。言(yan)郑(zheng)得许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian),周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)不(bu)绝也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)巳(si)(si)废(fei)(fei)(fei)泰山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)天(tian)子不(bu)复巡(xun)守(shou)(shou),郑(zheng)家巳(si)(si)废(fei)(fei)(fei)此助祭(ji)(ji)泰山(shan)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,无所(suo)(suo)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)(si),故(gu)(gu)(gu)欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。其实(shi)废(fei)(fei)(fei)来巳(si)(si)久,今始云(yun)(yun)巳(si)(si)废(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)祀(si)(si)(si)(si)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)巳(si)(si)废(fei)(fei)(fei)耳。方便逊辞,以(yi)(yi)求於(wu)(wu)鲁(lu)也(ye)(ye)。定四(si)年祝佗言(yan)康叔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)受分物(wu)云(yun)(yun):“取(qu)於(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)阎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土以(yi)(yi)共王(wang)(wang)职,取(qu)於(wu)(wu)相(xiang)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东都以(yi)(yi)会王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东蒐(sou)。”有(you)(you)阎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土,犹鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东都,犹郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祊(beng)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)近(jin)(jin)(jin)京师,无假朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)。鲁(lu)近(jin)(jin)(jin)泰山(shan),不(bu)须汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)。各受其一。卫以(yi)(yi)道(dao)路并(bing)远,故(gu)(gu)(gu)两皆(jie)有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《礼记·王(wang)(wang)制》曰(yue):“方伯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)天(tian)子,皆(jie)有(you)(you)汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)县内。”然则(ze)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)。但向京师,主为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)王(wang)(wang)。从(cong)王(wang)(wang)巡(xun)守(shou)(shou),主为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)助祭(ji)(ji)。祭(ji)(ji)必沐(mu)(mu)浴(yu),随事立名(ming)(ming),朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu),亦(yi)互言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。《异义》:《左氏》说(shuo)(shuo)诸侯(hou)有(you)(you)大功德,乃(nai)有(you)(you)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi);《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》说(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸侯(hou)皆(jie)有(you)(you)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)、汤(tang)沐(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)慎以(yi)(yi)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)非,则(ze)杜(du)意亦(yi)从(cong)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)慎也(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)传》曰(yue):“此鲁(lu)朝(chao)(chao)(chao)宿(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye),则(ze)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)?讳(hui)取(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。讳(hui)取(qu)周(zhou)(zhou)田(tian)(tian)则(ze)曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)田(tian)(tian)?系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)。曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)?近(jin)(jin)(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)言(yan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian),是(shi)用(yong)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)》为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)。杜(du)依(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传邑(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)近(jin)(jin)(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)。刘君更无所(suo)(suo)冯,直云(yun)(yun)别有(you)(you)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)邑(yi)(yi)(yi),邑(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)名(ming)(ming)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),非由(you)近(jin)(jin)(jin)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),国(guo)始名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)以(yi)(yi)规杜(du)氏,非其义也(ye)(ye)。
夏,虢公忌父始作卿士于周。周人於此遂畀之政。
○畀,必二反。
四月,甲辰,郑公子忽如陈逆妇妫。辛亥,以妫氏归。甲寅,入于郑。陈针子送女,先配而后祖。针子曰:“是不为夫妇,诬其祖矣。非礼也,何以能育?”针子,陈大夫。礼,逆妇必先告祖庙而后行。故楚公子围称告庄、共之庙。郑忽先逆归而后告庙,故曰“先配而后祖”。
○针,其廉反(fan)。诬,亡符(fu)反(fan)。共音(yin)恭,本亦作(zuo)恭。
[疏(shu)]注“针子(zi)(zi)(zi)”至“后(hou)祖(zu)(zu)”。正义(yi)曰:先(xian)(xian)配后(hou)祖(zu)(zu)多有异(yi)说,贾(jia)逵以(yi)“配”为(wei)“成(cheng)夫妇(fu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼》:齐而(er)(er)(er)(er)未配,三(san)(san)月庙(miao)(miao)见(jian),然后(hou)配。案《昏礼》:亲迎之(zhi)(zhi)夜,衽席相(xiang)连。是(shi)士礼不待三(san)(san)月也(ye)(ye)(ye)。禹娶(qu)涂山,四(si)日即去(qu)(qu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)有启生焉,亦不三(san)(san)月乃配,是(shi)贾(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)谬也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)众以(yi)配为(wei)同(tong)牢食也(ye)(ye)(ye),先(xian)(xian)食而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu),无(wu)敬神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)心,故曰“诬其(qi)(qi)祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。案《昏礼》:妇(fu)既入(ru)门(men),即设(she)同(tong)牢之(zhi)(zhi)馔(zhuan)。其(qi)(qi)间无(wu)祭(ji)祀之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。先(xian)(xian)祭(ji)乃食,《礼》无(wu)此(ci)(ci)文,是(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)妄也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄以(yi)祖(zu)(zu)为(wei)軷道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye),先(xian)(xian)为(wei)配匹而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)祖(zu)(zu)道(dao),言未去(qu)(qu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)行配。案传既言“入(ru)于郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”,乃云“先(xian)(xian)配而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)祖(zu)(zu)”,宁是(shi)未去(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?若未去(qu)(qu)先(xian)(xian)配,则(ze)针子(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)陈讥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),何(he)须云送女也(ye)(ye)(ye)?此(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)说皆(jie)滞。故杜引楚(chu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)围告庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),言“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)忽(hu)先(xian)(xian)逆妇(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)告庙(miao)(miao),故曰先(xian)(xian)配而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)祖(zu)(zu)”。此(ci)(ci)时忽(hu)父见(jian)在(zai),计告庙(miao)(miao)以(yi)否,当(dang)是(shi)庄公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)讥(ji)(ji)忽(hu)者(zhe),楚(chu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)围亦人(ren)臣矣,而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)布几筵,告於(wu)庄共之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao),不言禀(bing)君之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)。知(zhi)逆者(zhe)虽受父命(ming),当(dang)自(zi)告庙(miao)(miao)。且忽(hu)先(xian)(xian)为(wei)配匹而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)告祖(zu)(zu),见(jian)其(qi)(qi)告祖(zu)(zu)方始讥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi),知(zhi)忽(hu)自(zi)告祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)可郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯为(wei)忽(hu)娶(qu)妻,先(xian)(xian)逆而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)告庙(miao)(miao),针子(zi)(zi)(zi)见(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)讥(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)围告庙(miao)(miao)者(zhe),专权自(zi)由耳,非正也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
齐人卒平宋、卫于郑。秋,会于温,盟于瓦屋,以释东门之役,礼也。会温不书,不以告也。定国息民,故曰礼也。平宋、卫二国,忿郑之谋。郑不与盟,故不书。
○与音预。
八月,丙戌,郑伯以齐人朝王,礼也。言郑伯不以虢公得政而背王,故礼之。齐称人,略从国辞。上有七月庚午,下有九月辛卯,则八月不得有丙戌。
○背音佩。
[疏]注“言郑”至“丙戌”。
○正义曰:庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)之(zhi)后十六日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)而有(you)(you)(you)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),二(er)十一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)而有(you)(you)(you)辛(xin)(xin)卯。七月(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)庚(geng)午(wu)(wu),九月(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)(you)辛(xin)(xin)卯,其(qi)间不(bu)容一月(yue)(yue),是(shi)(shi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)不(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。更遥一周,则(ze)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)去庚(geng)午(wu)(wu)七十七日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),八(ba)月(yue)(yue)亦不(bu)得有(you)(you)(you)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),是(shi)(shi)明(ming)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)误。《长(zhang)历》推(tui)七月(yue)(yue)丁卯朔(shuo),四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)庚(geng)午(wu)(wu),至二(er)十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)是(shi)(shi)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),九月(yue)(yue)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)寅朔(shuo),二(er)十六日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)辛(xin)(xin)卯,其(qi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)十一日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)是(shi)(shi)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。八(ba)月(yue)(yue)小,丁酉(you)朔(shuo),十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)午(wu)(wu),二(er)十日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)辰,二(er)月(yue)(yue)戊戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),十四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)庚(geng)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),二(er)十六日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)壬戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。未知丙(bing)(bing)(bing)戌(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)二(er)字孰为(wei)误也。不(bu)直云日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)误,而检上下者,因(yin)传明(ming)文,故显言之(zhi)。他皆放此。
公及莒人盟于浮来,以成纪好也。二年,纪、莒盟于密,为鲁故。今公寻之,故曰以成纪好。
○好(hao),呼报反,下(xia)同。
冬,齐(qi)侯使来,告成三国(guo)。齐(qi)侯冬来告,称(cheng)秋和三国(guo)。公使众仲对曰:“君(jun)释三国(guo)之(zhi)图,以鸠其(qi)民,君(jun)之(zhi)惠也。寡君(jun)闻命矣,敢不承受君(jun)之(zhi)明(ming)德。”鸠,集也。
无骇卒,羽父请谥与族。公问族於众仲。众仲对曰:“天子建德,立有德以为诸侯。因生以赐姓,因其所由生以赐姓,谓若舜由妫汭,故陈为妫姓。
○汭(rui),如锐反(fan)。
[疏]注“因其”至“妫姓”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《陈(chen)世(shi)家》云:陈(chen)胡(hu)公(gong)满者,虞(yu)帝舜之后也。昔舜为庶(shu)人时,居于妫(gui)(gui)汭,其后因为氏姓,姓妫(gui)(gui)氏。武王(wang)克殷,得妫(gui)(gui)满,封(feng)之於陈(chen)。是舜由妫(gui)(gui)汭,故(gu)陈(chen)为妫(gui)(gui)姓也。案《世(shi)本》:帝舜姚姓。哀元(yuan)年传称虞(yu)思(si)妻(qi)少康(kang)以二姚。是自舜以下犹姓姚也。昭八(ba)年传曰:“及胡(hu)公(gong)不淫,故(gu)周赐之姓。”是胡(hu)公(gong)始姓妫(gui)(gui)耳(er)。《史记》以为胡(hu)公(gong)之前巳姓妫(gui)(gui),非也。
胙之土而命之氏。报之以土而命氏曰陈。
○胙,才故反,报也。
[疏]注“报之”至“曰陈”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):胙训报(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)必有美报(bao)。报(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)土(tu),谓(wei)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)国(guo)名(ming),以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)国(guo)名(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):帝(di)嘉禹(yu)德,“赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)姒(si),氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)有夏”。“胙四岳国(guo)”,“赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)姜(jiang)(jiang),氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)有吕”。亦与(yu)(yu)赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)妫,命氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)陈,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),令(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)生(sheng),虽下(xia)及百世(shi),而(er)此(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改。族(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),属也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),与(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)共相(xiang)连属,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旁支别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)属则(ze)(ze)(ze)各自(zi)立氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。《礼记·大(da)(da)(da)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)弗别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)”,“百世(shi)而(er)昏姻不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)(zhou)道然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)当共姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)文云(yun)(yun)(yun):“庶(shu)(shu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)於(wu)上(shang),而(er)戚单於(wu)下(xia)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)当别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)犹(you)家(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传称(cheng)“盟于子(zi)(zi)(zi)晳氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”、“逐狗入於(wu)华臣氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)家(jia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、族(zu)(zu)(zu)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),所(suo)从(cong)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)耳(er)(er)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)而(er)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),合而(er)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)。”例言(yan)(yan)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)合者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华元、华喜皆(jie)(jie)出戴公,向(xiang)、鱼、鳞、荡共出桓公。独举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren),则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)华氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、向(xiang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);并指其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗,则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)戴族(zu)(zu)(zu)、桓族(zu)(zu)(zu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《记》谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“庶(shu)(shu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)庶(shu)(shu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),亦氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi),族(zu)(zu)(zu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)禀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)时(shi)君(jun)。天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广,兆民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,非君(jun)所(suo)赐(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)有族(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赐(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)此(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)耳(er)(er)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各从(cong)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)族(zu)(zu)(zu),非复人(ren)(ren)入赐(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋语》称(cheng)“黄帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)二(er)(er)十五人(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)”。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),况馀人(ren)(ren)哉,固当从(cong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父耳(er)(er)。黄帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),兄弟异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)皆(jie)(jie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),古(gu)今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同,质文代(dai)革(ge)。周(zhou)(zhou)代(dai)尚(shang)文,欲令(ling)子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)相(xiang)亲(qin),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使(shi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦少,唯外姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)妫满之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒耳(er)(er)。赐(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)德,宜世(shi)享祀者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),方始赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。无大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)德,任其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兴衰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),盖(gai)亦自(zi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)字。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)有旧族(zu)(zu)(zu)可称(cheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)世(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)禄,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)须赐(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。众仲(zhong)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)得(de)封建诸(zhu)侯,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)胙土(tu)命氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),据诸(zhu)侯言(yan)(yan)耳(er)(er)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王朝大(da)(da)(da)夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)封为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦当王赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)。何(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)?春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),有尹(yin)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、武氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,明(ming)亦天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)赐(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,义无异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)无骇(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing)(qing),羽(yu)(yu)父为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请族(zu)(zu)(zu),盖(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)乃赐(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu),大(da)(da)(da)夫以(yi)(yi)下(xia)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,卿(qing)(qing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)极。既登(deng)极位,理合建家(jia)。若其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父祖(zu)(zu)(zu)微贱,此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)新升为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位绝等(deng)伦,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复因。故(gu)(gu)身未(wei)被赐(ci)(ci),无族(zu)(zu)(zu)可称(cheng)。鲁(lu)挟、郑宛,皆(jie)(jie)未(wei)赐(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu),故(gu)(gu)单称(cheng)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)身以(yi)(yi)才举者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)升卿(qing)(qing)位,功(gong)德犹(you)薄,未(wei)足立家(jia),则(ze)(ze)(ze)虽为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing),竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赐(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu),羽(yu)(yu)父为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无骇(hai)请族(zu)(zu)(zu),知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)皆(jie)(jie)由(you)(you)时(shi)命,非例得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。华督(du)生(sheng)立华氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)恐虑(lv)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de),故(gu)(gu)早求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。由(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)而(er)言(yan)(yan),明(ming)有竟无族(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)翚、挟、柔、溺,名(ming)见於(wu)经而(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)无闻(wen),是(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)族(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)士会之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帑,处秦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)刘氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。伍员之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi),在(zai)齐为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王孙(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。《外传》称(cheng)知(zhi)果知(zhi)知(zhi)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将灭,自(zi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辅氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)身自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非复君(jun)赐(ci)(ci)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)繁衍,枝布叶分(fen),始承其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本,末取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie),故(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流至於(wu)百姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)万姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)自(zi)有百姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)万姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),未(wei)必皆(jie)(jie)君(jun)赐(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋语》称(cheng)炎帝(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姜(jiang)(jiang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)伯(bo)夷炎帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。姜(jiang)(jiang)自(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)赐(ci)(ci)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)姜(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黄帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非一,自(zi)以(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赐(ci)(ci)伯(bo)夷,更使(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)耳(er)(er),非复因旧姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。犹(you)后(hou)(hou)稷别(bie)(bie)(bie)(bie)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)因黄帝(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
诸侯(hou)以(yi)(yi)字,诸侯(hou)位卑,不得(de)赐(ci)姓,故其臣因氏(shi)其王父字。为谥,因以(yi)(yi)为族(zu)。或便即先人之谥称以(yi)(yi)为族(zu)。
[疏]“诸侯”至“为族”。
○正义曰(yue):杜(du)意“诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,言(yan)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)先(xian)人(ren)(ren)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谥,因以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”,谓赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)虽以(yi)先(xian)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),或(huo)用先(xian)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥,因将为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。以(yi)谥为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),卫齐(qi)恶、宋戴(dai)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而刘(liu)(liu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)乃称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“以(yi)谥为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),全无(wu)(wu)一人(ren)(ren)”,妄规(gui)杜(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。死(si)(si)后(hou)(hou)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)正法。春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)礼,生(sheng)(sheng)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),华督(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“旧(jiu)说以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)夫有(you)(you)(you)功(gong)德(de)者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至於(wu)郑(zheng)(zheng)祭仲(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祭封人(ren)(ren),后(hou)(hou)升为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿,经书‘祭仲(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)’者(zhe),检传(chuan)既(ji)无(wu)(wu)同(tong)华氏(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),则(ze)(ze)祭者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)仲(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”诸(zhu)侯(hou)以(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)二等。《檀弓》曰(yue):“幼(you)(you)名(ming)冠字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),五十(shi)(shi)以(yi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)仲(zhong)(zhong),周道然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”则(ze)(ze)二十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)加冠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),又有(you)(you)(you)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)仲(zhong)(zhong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)季(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),二者(zhe)皆(jie)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。服虔云(yun):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di)则(ze)(ze)以(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),贵適统,伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、仲(zhong)(zhong)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)季(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庶(shu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)以(yi)配字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),尊(zun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),展氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、臧(zang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案郑(zheng)(zheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)厉公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟(di)。桓十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian),郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)使其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)语来盟(meng),即其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而其(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)人(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)服言(yan)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di)以(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)事未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)必(bi)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)以(yi)庆(qing)父叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)牙与(yu)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)异(yi)母,自(zi)然(ran)仲(zhong)(zhong)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)母弟(di)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)以(yi)二十(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),或(huo)以(yi)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),盖(gai)出自(zi)时君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)肸称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),而三桓皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),俱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。臧(zang)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),展氏(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),俱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)二十(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),自(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)与(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),盖(gai)出其(qi)(qi)(qi)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)必(bi)由(you)君(jun)(jun)(jun)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),谓公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)以(yi)王父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)、系公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常言(yan),非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)贬责,则(ze)(ze)亦(yi)(yi)与(yu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)。成十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)“叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)侨(qiao)如(ru)(ru)如(ru)(ru)齐(qi)逆(ni)女(nv)(nv)”,传(chuan)曰(yue):“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),尊(zun)君(jun)(jun)(jun)命也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。侨(qiao)如(ru)(ru)“以(yi)夫人(ren)(ren)妇姜氏(shi)(shi)(shi)至自(zi)齐(qi)”,传(chuan)曰(yue):“舍(she)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),尊(zun)夫人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宣元(yuan)年(nian)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)遂如(ru)(ru)齐(qi)逆(ni)女(nv)(nv)”,“遂以(yi)夫人(ren)(ren)至”,事与(yu)侨(qiao)如(ru)(ru)正同(tong),其(qi)(qi)(qi)传(chuan)直云(yun)“尊(zun)君(jun)(jun)(jun)命”、“尊(zun)夫人(ren)(ren)”,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”、“舍(she)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”。既(ji)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)待君(jun)(jun)(jun)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。至於(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)复得(de)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),如(ru)(ru)无(wu)(wu)骇(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈直以(yi)名(ming)行,及其(qi)(qi)(qi)死(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)则(ze)(ze)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)王父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此无(wu)(wu)骇(hai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)必(bi)须有(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故据曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen),言(yan)以(yi)王父字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耳。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),正法,死(si)(si)后(hou)(hou)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu);亦(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)(si)则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)得(de)臣是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun),於(wu)身必(bi)无(wu)(wu)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。经书季(ji)友、仲(zhong)(zhong)遂、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)肸者(zhe),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配名(ming)连言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故杜(du)注并云(yun)“字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。其(qi)(qi)(qi)荡(dang)(dang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬者(zhe),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)荡(dang)(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)言(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬,故系於(wu)夫字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),言(yan)荡(dang)(dang)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)姬。荡(dang)(dang)非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)当时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)传(chuan)云(yun)立叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、臧(zang)僖伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、臧(zang)哀伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、叔(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)戴(dai)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,皆(jie)传(chuan)家据后(hou)(hou)追言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孟彄,《世本》以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)灵公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孟,名(ming)彄,与(yu)季(ji)友、仲(zhong)(zhong)遂相(xiang)似,俱以(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)配名(ming)。刘(liu)(liu)炫不(bu)(bu)(bu)达此旨,妄规(gui)杜(du)过,非(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。必(bi)如(ru)(ru)刘(liu)(liu)解(jie),生(sheng)(sheng)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)证在何处?其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曾(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)玄孙(sun)(sun)(sun)以(yi)外,爰及异(yi)姓,有(you)(you)(you)新升为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卿,君(jun)(jun)(jun)赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),盖(gai)以(yi)此卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)即为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。案《世本》宋督(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)戴(dai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)好(hao)父说之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),华父是(shi)(shi)(shi)督(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),计督(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孙(sun)(sun)(sun)耳,未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)合赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),应死(si)(si)后(hou)(hou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)乃赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),故杜(du)云(yun):“督(du)(du)(du)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)死(si)(si)而赐(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),督(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”沈亦(yi)(yi)云(yun):“督(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)方可(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)耳。”
官有世功,则有官族,邑亦如之。”谓取其旧官旧邑之称以为族,皆禀之时君。
○称,尺(chi)证反。
[疏]注“谓取(qu)”至“时君(jun)(jun)”。正义(yi)曰:旧(jiu)官(guan)谓若晋之士氏(shi),旧(jiu)邑若韩、魏(wei)、赵氏(shi),非(fei)是君(jun)(jun)赐,则(ze)不(bu)得为族。嫌其居官(guan)邑不(bu)待公命,故云(yun)“皆禀(bing)之时君(jun)(jun)”。此谓同姓异(yi)姓皆然也(ye)。服虔止谓异(yi)姓,又引宋司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)韩魏(wei)为证。韩与司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)非(fei)异(yi)姓,司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)又自为乐氏(shi),不(bu)以司(si)城(cheng)(cheng)为族也(ye)。
公(gong)(gong)命以(yi)字为展(zhan)氏(shi)(shi)。诸侯之(zhi)子称公(gong)(gong)子,公(gong)(gong)子之(zhi)子称公(gong)(gong)孙(sun),公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)之(zhi)子以(yi)王父字为氏(shi)(shi)。无骇,公(gong)(gong)子展(zhan)之(zhi)孙(sun),故为展(zhan)氏(shi)(shi)。
【经】九年,春,天(tian)王使南(nan)季来聘(pin)。(无(wu)传。南(nan)季,天(tian)子大(da)夫也。南(nan),氏;季,字(zi)也。)
三月癸酉,大雨震电。庚辰,大雨雪。三月,今正月。
○电,徒(tu)练反。雨雪,于付反,传(chuan)同。
[疏]“大雨震电”。
○正义曰:《说文》云:“震,劈历震物者。”“电,阴阳激曜也。”《河图》云:“阴阳相薄为雷,阴激阳为电。”然则震是雷之劈历,电是雷光。僖十五年“震夷伯之庙”,是劈历破之。雷之甚者为震。故何休云:“震,雷也。”
○“大雨雪”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《说(shuo)文》云(yun)(yun):“雨(yu),水(shui)从(cong)(cong)云(yun)(yun)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也。”然则(ze)(ze)雨(yu)者,天(tian)上下(xia)(xia)(xia)水(shui)之名。既见雨(yu)从(cong)(cong)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia),自(zi)上下(xia)(xia)(xia)者因即以雨(yu)言(yan)之。雨(yu)螽亦(yi)称为(wei)(wei)雨(yu),故下(xia)(xia)(xia)雪称“雨(yu)雪”也。平原出(chu)水(shui)为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)水(shui),直书大(da)(da)水(shui);“平地尺为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)雪”,不直书大(da)(da)雪,而云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)雨(yu)雪”者,水(shui)则(ze)(ze)从(cong)(cong)天(tian)入地,出(chu)地乃(nai)为(wei)(wei)多,见其(qi)在(zai)地之多,言(yan)其(qi)出(chu)水(shui)之大(da)(da),故不言(yan)大(da)(da)雨(yu)水(shui)。雪则(ze)(ze)自(zi)天(tian)而下(xia)(xia)(xia),下(xia)(xia)(xia)即委(wei)之於地,见其(qi)自(zi)上而下(xia)(xia)(xia),言(yan)其(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)雪之多,故言(yan)大(da)(da)雨(yu)雪。水(shui)则(ze)(ze)俯(fu)视,雪则(ze)(ze)仰观,故立文有异。其(qi)大(da)(da)雨(yu)雹(bao)亦(yi)与(yu)雪同(tong)。
挟卒。无传。挟,鲁大(da)夫,未赐族。
夏,城郎。
秋,七月。冬,公会齐侯于防。防,鲁地,在琅邪县东南。
○华,户(hu)化反。
【传】九年,春,王三月,“癸酉,大雨霖以震”。书,始也。(书癸酉,始始雨日。
○霖音林,《尔雅》云:“久雨(yu)谓之淫,淫雨(yu)谓之霖。”)“庚辰,大雨(yu)雪(xue)(xue)”,亦如之。书,时失也(ye)。(夏(xia)之正月,微阳始出,未可震电(dian);既震电(dian),又不当大雨(yu)雪(xue)(xue),故皆为时失。)凡雨(yu),自三日以往为霖。(此解经书霖也(ye)。而(er)经无(wu)霖字,经误。)
[疏]注“此解”至“经误”。
○正义曰:传(chuan)发(fa)凡以解经,若经无“霖”字,则传(chuan)无由发(fa),故知经误。然(ran)则经当(dang)如传(chuan)言“大雨霖以震”,不当(dang)云“大雨震电”。是经脱“霖以”二字,而妄加“电”也。
平地尺为大雪。
“夏,城郎”。书,不时也。
宋公不王。不共王职。
○共音恭(gong),本亦作供(gong)。郑伯为(wei)王左卿士,以(yi)(yi)王命讨之,伐宋(song)。宋(song)以(yi)(yi)入郛(fu)之役(yi)怨(yuan)公(gong),不(bu)告命。入郛(fu)在(zai)五年(nian),公(gong)以(yi)(yi)七年(nian)伐邾,欲以(yi)(yi)说宋(song),而(er)宋(song)犹不(bu)和也。公(gong)怒,绝(jue)宋(song)使。
秋,郑人以王命来告(gao)伐宋。遣使致(zhi)王命也。伐宋未得志(zhi),故复往告(gao)之(zhi)。
冬,公(gong)会齐(qi)侯于防(fang),谋伐宋(song)也。
北戎侵郑。郑伯御之,患戎师,曰:“彼徒我车,惧其侵轶我也。”徒,步兵也。轶,突也。
○轶,直结反,又音逸。公子突曰:“使勇而无刚者尝寇而速去之。公子突,郑厉公也。尝,试也。勇则能往,无刚不耻退。君为三覆以待之。覆,伏兵也。戎轻而不整,贪而无亲,胜不相让,败不相救。先者见获,必务进;进而遇覆,必速奔;后者不救,则无继矣。乃可以逞。”逞,解也。
○轻,遣政反(fan)。逞(cheng),敕领反(fan)。解音(yin)蟹,或(huo)佳(jia)买反(fan)。
[疏]“先者”至“以逞”。
○正义曰:尝寇速(su)(su)去,知戎(rong)必逐(zhu)之(zhi)。逐(zhu)其(qi)(qi)去者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必有所获(huo)(huo)。获(huo)(huo)谓(wei)获(huo)(huo)郑人也(ye)(ye)(ye)。在先者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见(jian)逐(zhu)有所获(huo)(huo),不(bu)复顾后(hou),必务(wu)(wu)在速(su)(su)进(jin)(jin)。谓(wei)弃其(qi)(qi)后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),独自先进(jin)(jin)。进(jin)(jin)而(er)(er)遇覆,必速(su)(su)回(hui)奔走。后(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)救,则是(shi)无继(ji)续矣。无继(ji)则易败,如是(shi)乃可以(yi)解患。服虔云(yun):“先者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)见(jian)获(huo)(huo),言(yan)必不(bu)往(wang)相救,各自务(wu)(wu)进(jin)(jin),言(yan)其(qi)(qi)贪利也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”其(qi)(qi)言(yan)见(jian)获(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),当谓(wei)戎(rong)被(bei)郑获(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑人速(su)(su)去以(yi)诱之(zhi),安得获(huo)(huo)戎(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)?在先者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)已被(bei)郑获(huo)(huo),重进(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)将复为虏,各自务(wu)(wu)进(jin)(jin),欲何(he)所贪,而(er)(er)云(yun)贪利也(ye)(ye)(ye)?此则不(bu)言(yan)可解,无故以(yi)解乱之(zhi)。
从之。戎人之前遇覆者奔,祝聃逐之。祝聃,郑大夫。
○聃,乃甘反,一音士甘反。衷戎师,前后击之,尽殪。为三部伏兵,祝聃帅勇而无刚者先犯戎而速奔,以遇二伏兵,至后伏兵起,戎还走,祝聃反逐之。戎前后及中三处受敌,故曰衷戎师。殪,死也。
○衷,丁仲反,又音忠。殪,於计反。处,昌虑(lv)反。
[疏]注“为三”至“死也”。
○正义曰:“前(qian)(qian)后及中(zhong)(zhong)三处(chu)受敌”者,前(qian)(qian)谓第一伏(fu)(fu)逆其前(qian)(qian)也(ye)(ye)。后谓祝(zhu)聃(dan)与后伏(fu)(fu)逐其后也(ye)(ye),中(zhong)(zhong)谓第二(er)伏(fu)(fu)击其中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。“衷戎师(shi)”者,谓戎师(shi)在三伏(fu)(fu)之中(zhong)(zhong)。“殪,死(si)也(ye)(ye)”,《释诂》文(wen)。
戎师大奔。后驻军不复继也。
○驻,丁住反。十一月甲寅,郑人大败戎师。此皆春秋时事,虽经无正文,所谓必广记而备言之,将令学者原始要终,寻其枝叶,究其所穷。他皆放此。
○令,力呈反(fan)。要,於遥反(fan)。
[疏]“十一月”至“戎师”。
○正义曰:此(ci)即上传所说击戎之(zhi)事。史官得其战状,乃裁约为(wei)之(zhi)辞。经之(zhi)所陈(chen),皆是此(ci)类。既(ji)不书(shu)经,故准经为(wei)文以总之(zhi)。
【经(jing)】十年(nian),春,王二月(yue),公会(hui)齐侯、郑(zheng)伯(bo)于中丘。(传言正(zheng)月(yue)会(hui),癸丑盟。《释例》推经(jing)、传日月(yue),癸丑是正(zheng)月(yue)二十六(liu)日。知经(jing)二月(yue)误(wu)。)
夏,翚帅师会齐人、郑人伐宋。公子翚不待公命,而贪会二国之君,疾其专进,故去氏。齐、郑以公不至,故亦更使微者从之伐宋。不言及,明翚专行,非邓之谋也。及例在宣七年。
○去,起吕反,传同。
[疏(shu)]注“公(gong)子(zi)”至(zhi)“七年”。正义曰(yue):传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)羽父(fu)先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐侯(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo),是“不(bu)(bu)(bu)待公(gong)命(ming)”也(ye)。贪会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)二(er)国之君(jun),自求(qiu)其名,时史疾(ji)其专(zhuan)进(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)贬去公(gong)子(zi)。公(gong)子(zi)义与氏同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)氏言之。中丘(qiu)之会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),计君(jun)自亲行,今(jin)齐、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)称(cheng)(cheng)“人(ren)”,是使(shi)微(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)从之也(ye)。於例,师(shi)出与谋曰(yue)“及(ji)”,传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)盟于(yu)邓为(wei)“师(shi)期”,公(gong)既与谋,计当(dang)书“及(ji)”。今(jin)乃言“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”,明其以(yi)(yi)翚(hui)专(zhuan)行,非邓之谋。《释例》曰(yue):“王命(ming)伐(fa)宋,羽父(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)匡(kuang)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)速进(jin),而(er)(er)先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)二(er)国,自以(yi)(yi)为(wei)名,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)贬去其族。齐为(wei)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)又为(wei)王卿(qing)士,二(er)君(jun)奉(feng)王命(ming)以(yi)(yi)讨宋。恶羽父(fu)之专(zhuan)进(jin),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)使(shi)与微(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)同伐(fa),动而(er)(er)无功,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)无成败也(ye)。”案四(si)年翚(hui)“固(gu)(gu)请而(er)(er)行”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)贬去其氏。此(ci)直言羽父(fu)先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐侯(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo),无“固(gu)(gu)请”之文,亦(yi)贬之者(zhe)(zhe)。又公(gong)子(zi)豫会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)邾人(ren)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren),以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)待公(gong)命(ming),而(er)(er)经(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书,此(ci)翚(hui)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)待公(gong)命(ming)而(er)(er)经(jing)书者(zhe)(zhe),翚(hui)於四(si)年传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)“固(gu)(gu)请”,明此(ci)“先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”亦(yi)“固(gu)(gu)请”也(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)於四(si)年其文已(yi)(yi)详,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於此(ci)而(er)(er)略(lve)耳(er)。豫会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)邾人(ren)、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren),本非公(gong)卿(qing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书;此(ci)则(ze)公(gong)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)齐、郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)中丘(qiu),已(yi)(yi)为(wei)师(shi)期,翚(hui)又请公(gong)先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),先(xian)(xian)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)则(ze)是君(jun)命(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)书之。
六月壬戌,公败宋师于菅。齐、郑后期,故公独败宋师。书败宋,未陈也。败例在庄十一年。菅,宋地。
○菅,古顽(wan)反。陈(chen),直觐反。
[疏]注“齐郑”至“宋地”。
○正义曰:案传(chuan)公会(hui)齐侯、郑伯于老(lao)桃(tao),然后公败宋(song)师,则知老(lao)桃(tao)之会(hui),谋与(yu)宋(song)战(zhan)(zhan)。彼与(yu)公谋战(zhan)(zhan),而公独败宋(song)师,知齐、郑后期也。
辛未,取郜。辛巳,取防。郑后至,得郜、防二邑,归功于鲁,故书取,明不用师徒也。济阴城武县东南有郜城。高平昌邑县西南有西防城。
○郜(gao),古报反,《字林》又工竺反。
秋,宋人、卫人入郑。宋人、蔡人、卫人伐戴。郑伯伐取之。三国伐戴,郑伯因其不和,伐而取之。书伐,用师徒也。书取,克之易也。戴国,今陈留外黄县东南有戴城。
○载(zai)音(yin)再(zai),《字林》作戴,云:故(gu)国(guo)在陈留。易(yi),以豉反,传同。
[疏]注“三国”至“戴城”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):案(an)传例(li),“克(ke)(ke)邑不用师徒曰(yue)取”。然(ran)则“取”者,据克(ke)(ke)邑之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)。今此“克(ke)(ke)”得军师亦(yi)称“取”者,但取者虽(sui)据克(ke)(ke)邑之(zhi)(zhi)文,其(qi)(qi)克(ke)(ke)得师众(zhong)而易(yi)(yi)(yi)者亦(yi)曰(yue)“取”。是(shi)以(yi)庄十一(yi)年注云:“威力兼备(bei),若罗网所掩覆(fu),一(yi)军皆见禽(qin)制。”若非(fei)(fei)前敌之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)(yi)(yi),何能覆(fu)而取之(zhi)(zhi)?故《释例(li)》曰(yue):“如(ru)取,如(ru)携。”然(ran)则凡言“取”者皆易(yi)(yi)(yi)辞。刘君以(yi)取之(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei)易(yi)(yi)(yi)而规杜氏,非(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)。沈氏亦(yi)云:“今日(ri)围,明(ming)日(ri)取,故知易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”《公羊传》曰(yue):“其(qi)(qi)言伐(fa)取之(zhi)(zhi)何?易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)杜所用之(zhi)(zhi)义。《地(di)理志》云:“梁(liang)国甾(zai)县,故载国。”应劭曰(yue):“章帝改曰(yue)考城。”古者甾(zai)、载声相近。故郑玄《诗》笺读“俶载”为“炽菑”,是(shi)其(qi)(qi)音大同(tong),故汉(han)於载国立甾(zai)县,於晋属陈留。
冬,十月,壬午,齐人(ren)、郑人(ren)、入郕。
【传(chuan)】十(shi)年(nian),春,王正月,公会齐(qi)侯、郑伯于(yu)中丘。癸丑,盟于(yu)邓(deng),为(wei)师期。(寻九年(nian)会于(yu)防,谋伐宋也。公既(ji)会而盟,盟不书,非后也。盖公还,告会而不告盟。邓(deng),鲁地。)
[疏]注“寻九”至“鲁地”。
○正义曰:九年(nian)传称(cheng)会(hui)(hui)于(yu)防,谋(mou)伐宋(song)。未及伐宋(song)而更为此(ci)会(hui)(hui),为师伐宋(song)之(zhi)期,知是寻防会(hui)(hui)也(ye)。《释例》曰:“盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)邓,盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)荦,盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)戚,公既(ji)在会(hui)(hui)而不书(shu)盟(meng)(meng)者,以(yi)理推之(zhi),会(hui)(hui)在盟(meng)(meng)前,知非后盟(meng)(meng)也(ye)。盖公还告会(hui)(hui)而不告盟(meng)(meng)。”
夏,五月,羽(yu)父(fu)先会(hui)齐侯、郑伯伐宋。言(yan)先会(hui),明非公本期,释(shi)翚之(zhi)去(qu)族。
六(liu)月,戊(wu)申,公会齐(qi)侯、郑伯(bo)于老桃(tao)。会不(bu)书(shu),不(bu)告於庙也。老桃(tao),宋地。六(liu)月无戊(wu)申;戊(wu)申,五(wu)月二十三日(ri)(ri)。日(ri)(ri)误。
[疏]注“会不”至“日误”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue):六(liu)(liu)月(yue)无戊申(shen)者,下有(you)辛巳(si)取防(fang),亦在(zai)六(liu)(liu)月(yue)之内。戊申(shen)在(zai)辛巳(si)之前三十(shi)三日,不得(de)共(gong)在(zai)一月(yue)。上有(you)五月(yue),今别言六(liu)(liu)月(yue),知日误月(yue)不误。《长历》推六(liu)(liu)月(yue)丙辰朔(shuo),三日戊午,五日庚申(shen),未(wei)知二者孰是。
壬戌,公败宋师于菅。庚午,郑师入郜;辛未,归于我。庚辰,郑师入防;辛巳,归于我。壬戌六月七日,庚午十五日,庚辰二十五日,郑伯后期而公独败宋师,故郑频独进兵以入郜、防。入而不有,命鲁取之,推功上爵,让以自替。不有其实,故经但书鲁取,以成郑志,善之也。君子谓郑庄公於是乎可谓正矣,以王命讨不庭,下之事上,皆成礼於庭中。不贪其土以劳王爵,正之体也。劳者,叙其勤以答之。诸侯相朝,逆之以饔饩,谓之郊劳。鲁侯爵尊,郑伯爵卑,故言以劳王爵。
○劳,力报反(fan),注同。饩音(yin)许(xu)气反(fan)。
[疏]注“劳者”至“王爵”。
○正义曰(yue):《聘礼(li)》:“宾(bin)(bin)至于近(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),君使(shi)卿(qing)(qing)朝服,用束帛劳(lao)。”《觐礼(li)》:“至于郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),王(wang)使(shi)人皮弁,用璧劳(lao)。”《周礼(li)·司(si)仪》曰(yue):“诸公相为宾(bin)(bin)”,“主(zhu)君郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)”,皆不言以(yi)饔饩(xi)劳(lao)。案《礼(li)》,饔饩(xi)乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)相见致(zhi)大(da)礼(li),不应於郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)设之(zhi)。杜意(yi)盖以(yi)孰(shu)食曰(yue)饔,生(sheng)牲曰(yue)饩(xi)。以(yi)劳(lao)客(ke)於郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),必有牲馔,故亦饔饩(xi)言之(zhi),非谓大(da)礼(li)之(zhi)饔饩(xi)也(ye)(ye)。劳(lao)礼(li),《大(da)行人》云:上(shang)(shang)公三(san)劳(lao),近(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao),一(yi)也(ye)(ye);远(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao),二(er)也(ye)(ye);竟(jing)首(shou)劳(lao),三(san)也(ye)(ye)。侯伯(bo)再劳(lao),去(qu)竟(jing)首(shou)。子男(nan)一(yi)劳(lao),去(qu)远(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。凡近(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao),皆君自行;远(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)使(shi)卿(qing)(qing);竟(jing)首(shou)使(shi)大(da)夫掌客(ke)。又云:“上(shang)(shang)公五(wu)积,皆视飧牵”,“侯伯(bo)四(si)积”,“子男(nan)三(san)积”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)宾(bin)(bin)入竟(jing)之(zhi)后,有致(zhi)积之(zhi)礼(li)。积虽是(shi)(shi)(shi)牵,亦或有孰(shu),或在郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)致(zhi)积,故谓之(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)劳(lao)。沈依《聘礼(li)》注(zhu)其郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)远(yuan)(yuan)近(jin),上(shang)(shang)公远(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)里,侯伯(bo)三(san)十(shi)(shi)里,子男(nan)十(shi)(shi)里;近(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各(ge)半之(zhi)。
蔡人(ren)、卫(wei)人(ren)、郕人(ren)不会王命。不伐宋也(ye)。
秋,七月,庚寅,郑师入郊。犹在郊,郑师还,驻兵於远郊。宋人、卫人入郑。宋、卫奇兵,承虚入郑。蔡人从之伐戴。从宋、卫伐戴也。八月,壬戌,郑伯围戴。癸亥,克之,取三师焉。三国之军在戴,故郑伯合围之。师者,军旅之通称。
○称,尺证(zheng)反。
[疏]注“三国”至“通称”。
○正义曰(yue):三(san)(san)国之(zhi)军在(zai)戴城下,故(gu)郑伯合(he)围之(zhi)。不言围戴者,本意(yi)围三(san)(san)师(shi)(shi),不围戴也。不言围三(san)(san)师(shi)(shi)者,今日(ri)(ri)围,明日(ri)(ri)取,围之(zhi)不久(jiu)。经以(yi)“取”告(gao),不以(yi)“围”告(gao)。三(san)(san)国经皆(jie)称“人(ren)”,於例(li)为(wei)“将卑(bei)师(shi)(shi)少”。而(er)传(chuan)言“三(san)(san)师(shi)(shi)”,故(gu)辩之(zhi),“师(shi)(shi)者,军旅之(zhi)通(tong)称。”
宋、卫既入郑,而(er)以伐戴(dai)(dai)召蔡人。伐戴(dai)(dai)乃召之(zhi)。蔡人怒,故不和(he)而(er)败。言(yan)郑取之(zhi)易也。
九(jiu)月,戊(wu)寅(yin),郑(zheng)伯(bo)入宋。报入郑(zheng)也(ye)。九(jiu)月无戊(wu)寅(yin)。戊(wu)寅(yin),八月二(er)十(shi)四日。
[疏]注“报入”至“四日”。
○正义曰:九月无戊(wu)寅者,经有十(shi)(shi)月壬午,《长(zhang)历》推(tui)壬午十(shi)(shi)月二(er)十(shi)(shi)九日(ri),戊(wu)寅在壬午之前四日(ri)耳,故九月不得有戊(wu)寅。上有八月,下(xia)有冬,则误在日(ri)也。
冬,齐人、郑人人郕,讨违王(wang)命也。
【经】十有一年,春,滕侯、薛侯来朝。(诸侯相朝,例在文十五年。
○薛,息列反。)
[疏]“十有一年”至“来朝”。
○正义曰:“十”下言(yan)(yan)(yan)“有(you)”者(zhe)(zhe),干宝(bao)云:“十盈(ying)则更始以奇,从(cong)盈(ying)数,故言(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)也。”经备文,传(chuan)从(cong)略,故传(chuan)不言(yan)(yan)(yan)“有(you)”。桓七年穀(gu)伯(bo)、邓侯别言(yan)(yan)(yan)“来(lai)朝”,此(ci)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)“来(lai)朝”者(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)别行礼(li),此(ci)同行礼(li)。由(you)同时行礼(li),当长者(zhe)(zhe)在先,故争之。
夏,公会郑伯于时来。时来,郲也。荥阳县东有釐城,郑地也。
○郲音来。釐,音来;王元(yuan)规,力之反。
秋,七月,壬午,公及齐侯、郑伯入许。与谋曰及。还使许叔居之,故不言灭也。许,颍川许昌县。
○与音预(yu)。还(hai)音环。
[疏]注“与谋”至“昌县”。
○正(zheng)义曰:“与谋曰及(ji)”,宣七年(nian)传例也(ye)。传称会于郲,谋伐许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)。是公与谋也(ye)。《谱》云(yun):“许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),姜姓,与齐同祖,尧(yao)四岳,伯夷之后(hou)也(ye)。周武(wu)王(wang)封其苗裔文(wen)叔(shu)于许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),今颍川许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)昌(chang)(chang)是也(ye)。灵公徙叶,悼公迁(qian)夷,一名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)父(fu)。又居析,一名(ming)(ming)白羽。许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)男斯(si)处容城(cheng)。自文(wen)叔(shu)至(zhi)庄公十(shi)一世(shi)始见(jian)《春秋》。元公子结元年(nian),获麟之岁(sui)也(ye),当战国(guo)初,楚(chu)灭(mie)之。”《地理志(zhi)》云(yun):“颍川郡许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)县(xian),故许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)国(guo),文(wen)叔(shu)所封,二十(shi)四世(shi)为楚(chu)所灭(mie)也(ye)。汉世(shi)名(ming)(ming)许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)县(xian)耳,魏武(wu)作相,改曰许(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)昌(chang)(chang)。”
冬,十(shi)有一(yi)月,壬(ren)辰,公薨。实弑书薨,又不地者,史策(ce)所讳也。
[疏]注“实弑”至“讳也”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):他(ta)君(jun)见弑则书(shu)弑,鲁(lu)君(jun)见弑则书(shu)薨。公(gong)(gong)薨例皆地(di),此公(gong)(gong)又不(bu)(bu)地(di)。故解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言鲁(lu)史(shi)策书(shu)所(suo)讳(hui)也(ye)。不(bu)(bu)忍言君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见弑,又不(bu)(bu)忍言其僵尸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,讳(hui)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)书(shu),故夫子(zi)(zi)因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)不(bu)(bu)言书(shu)曰(yue),知是旧史(shi)讳(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。董狐(hu)书(shu)“赵盾(dun)弑君(jun)”,仲(zhong)尼谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“良(liang)史(shi)”。不(bu)(bu)书(shu)君(jun)弑,则是史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)良(liang)。夫子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)改(gai)其文(wen)而(er)(er)因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)人臣(chen)者(zhe)或(huo)心实爱君(jun),为(wei)(wei)(wei)讳(hui)愆过(guo);或(huo)志在疾恶(e)(e)(e),故章贼(zei)名。虽事(shi)迹不(bu)(bu)同(tong),而(er)(er)俱是为(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)。圣贤(xian)两通其事(shi),欲见仁非一涂。僖元年传(chuan)曰(yue):“讳(hui)国(guo)恶(e)(e)(e),礼也(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)董狐(hu),知为(wei)(wei)(wei)史(shi)必(bi)须(xu)直也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)丘明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼讳(hui)恶(e)(e)(e),知为(wei)(wei)(wei)史(shi)又当讳(hui)也(ye)。《释例》曰(yue):“臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)君(jun),犹(you)子(zi)(zi)事(shi)父。微谏(jian)见志,造膝跪(gui)辞,执其事(shi)而(er)(er)谏(jian)其非,不(bu)(bu)必(bi)其得(de),盖匡救将(jiang)然,而(er)(er)将(jiang)顺其已然,故有隐讳(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)焉(yan)。至於激节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士则不(bu)(bu)然,南史(shi)执简而(er)(er)累进,董狐(hu)书(shu)法而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)隐,鬻(yu)拳(quan)劫君(jun)而(er)(er)自刖(yue),晏(yan)婴端委而(er)(er)引直,圣贤(xian)亦录而(er)(er)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)广义(yi)训,博大道。殷有三仁,此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)。”是言圣贤(xian)两通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。郑(zheng)伯髡(kun)顽、楚子(zi)(zi)麏、齐(qi)侯阳生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,俱实见弑,而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)“卒(zu)”赴鲁(lu),是他(ta)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)亦有讳(hui)国(guo)恶(e)(e)(e)者(zhe),非独鲁(lu)史(shi)也(ye)。
【传】十一年,春,滕侯薛侯来朝,争长。(薛,鲁国薛县。
○长,丁丈反。下注及(ji)文(wen)同。)
[疏]注“薛鲁国薛县”。
○正义曰:《谱》云:“薛,任姓,黄(huang)帝之苗裔奚仲(zhong)封(feng)为(wei)薛侯,今鲁国薛县(xian)是也。奚仲(zhong)迁于邳,仲(zhong)虺(hui)居薛,以(yi)为(wei)汤左相,武王复以(yi)其胄(zhou)为(wei)薛侯。齐桓霸诸侯,黜为(wei)伯。献公始与鲁同盟。小国无(wu)记,世不可(ke)知,亦不知为(wei)谁所灭。”《地(di)理志》云:“鲁国薛县(xian),夏车(che)正奚仲(zhong)所国,后迁于邳,汤相仲(zhong)虺(hui)居之。”
薛侯曰:“我先封。”薛祖奚仲,夏所封,在周之前。
○夏(xia),户雅反(fan)。
[疏]注“薛祖”至“之前”。
○正义曰:定(ding)元年传(chuan)曰:“薛之皇祖奚(xi)中居薛,以为夏车正。”是(shi)夏所封(feng)也(ye)。
滕侯曰:“我,周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)卜(bu)正(zheng)也。卜(bu)正(zheng),卜(bu)官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)长。
[疏]注“卜正,卜官之长”。
○正义曰:《周礼·春官》:“太卜(bu),下(xia)(xia)大夫二人(ren)(ren)。”其下(xia)(xia)有卜(bu)师、卜(bu)人(ren)(ren)、龟(gui)人(ren)(ren)、筮(shi)人(ren)(ren),大卜(bu)为(wei)之(zhi)长。正训长也,故谓之(zhi)卜(bu)正。
薛,庶姓也。我(wo)不可以(yi)后之。”庶姓,非周之同姓。
[疏]注“庶姓”至“同姓”。
○正义曰:《周礼(li)·司(si)仪职(zhi)》云:“诏王仪,南乡见诸侯。土揖(yi)庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing),时(shi)揖(yi)异姓(xing)(xing)(xing),天揖(yi)同姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。”郑(zheng)玄云:“庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing),无亲(qin)者(zhe)也(ye)”。“异姓(xing)(xing)(xing),婚姻者(zhe)也(ye)。”是庶姓(xing)(xing)(xing)非(fei)同姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。
公使羽父请於薛侯曰:“君与滕君,辱在寡人。周谚有之曰:‘山有木,工则度之;宾有礼,主则择之。’择所宜而行之。
○谚音彦(yan),俗言也。度(du),大洛反。周(zhou)之宗盟,异姓(xing)为后。盟载书(shu)皆先同姓(xing),例在定(ding)四年。
[疏]“周之”至“为后”。
○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):贾逵以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)为(wei)(wei)尊(zun),服(fu)虔以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)为(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),孙(sun)毓以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)(bo)属(shu)官(guan)(guan),掌作(zuo)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)诅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载辞(ci),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)。杜(du)无明(ming)解。盟(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)卑,自有定法,不(bu)得言(yan)(yan)(yan)尊(zun)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》司盟(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)乃是(shi)司寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu),非宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)。唯服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)得其(qi)旨也(ye)(ye)。而孙(sun)毓难服(fu)云:“同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)则无与(yu)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),何(he)论先(xian)(xian)后(hou)。若(ruo)(ruo)通共同(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),则何(he)称(cheng)於(wu)(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)?”斯不(bu)然(ran)矣。天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),令(ling)其(qi)奖(jiang)王(wang)(wang)室,未闻离逖异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),独与(yu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。但周(zhou)人(ren)贵(gui)亲,先(xian)(xian)叙同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)笃(du)於(wu)(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)族(zu),是(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)”。鲁人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan),见(jian)(jian)其(qi)重宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,执其(qi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,即云“无与(yu)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)”。然(ran)则公(gong)与(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)燕,则异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)宾(bin),复(fu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“族(zu)燕”,不(bu)得有异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。孟轲(ke)所云说(shuo)诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)“不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)辞(ci)害(hai)意(yi)”,此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)。“异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)后(hou)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)降(jiang)临(lin)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)命(ming)而盟(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)耳(er)。其(qi)春秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,狎主齐(qi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe),则不(bu)复(fu)先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。践土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),其(qi)载书云“王(wang)(wang)若(ruo)(ruo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)晋重鲁申(shen)”,是(shi)用王(wang)(wang)命(ming)而盟(meng)(meng)(meng)也(ye)(ye)。召(zhao)陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,刘子(zi)在(zai)(zai)焉,故(gu)(gu)(gu)祝佗引践土为(wei)(wei)比,为(wei)(wei)有王(wang)(wang)官(guan)(guan)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),楚(chu)(chu)屈建先(xian)(xian)於(wu)(wu)赵武,明(ming)是(shi)大国在(zai)(zai)前,不(bu)先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。若(ruo)(ruo)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)常先(xian)(xian),则楚(chu)(chu)不(bu)得竞(jing)也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),是(shi)唯周(zhou)乃然(ran)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“斥周(zhou)而言(yan)(yan)(yan),指谓(wei)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰临(lin)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)馀杂盟(meng)(meng)(meng),未必皆(jie)然(ran)。”是(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)馀盟(meng)(meng)(meng)不(bu)先(xian)(xian)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing),盟(meng)(meng)(meng)则同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)先(xian)(xian),朝(chao)(chao)则各从其(qi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑康(kang)成注(zhu)《礼(li)(li)记(ji)》云:“朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei)。”若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),案(an)《觐(jin)礼(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)前朝(chao)(chao),皆(jie)受舍于朝(chao)(chao),同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上,异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)东(dong)面(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上。”郑玄云:“言(yan)(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou),明(ming)来朝(chao)(chao)者(zhe)(zhe)众矣,顾其(qi)入觐(jin)不(bu)得并(bing)耳(er)”,“分别(bie)(bie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将有先(xian)(xian)后(hou)也(ye)(ye)”。若(ruo)(ruo)如此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan),则似朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)者(zhe)(zhe)。但朝(chao)(chao)觐(jin)实以(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)位(wei),就爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)后(hou)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。若(ruo)(ruo)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),则爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)虽不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong),先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)记(ji)》:“周(zhou)公(gong)朝(chao)(chao)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)于明(ming)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)”,“三公(gong)中阶(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)东(dong)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),阼阶(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong),西(xi)(xi)面(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,西(xi)(xi)阶(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi),东(dong)面(mian)(mian)北(bei)(bei)(bei)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,门东(dong),北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)东(dong)上;诸(zhu)(zhu)男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,门西(xi)(xi),北(bei)(bei)(bei)面(mian)(mian)东(dong)上。”《觐(jin)礼(li)(li)》於(wu)(wu)方明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坛(tan),郑言(yan)(yan)(yan)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)见(jian)(jian)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),亦引《明(ming)堂(tang)位(wei)》为(wei)(wei)说(shuo)。是(shi)则诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)总(zong)见(jian)(jian)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)为(wei)(wei)班,虽不(bu)分别(bie)(bie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)受礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时爵(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)(jue)同(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe),犹先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)王(wang)(wang)官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)(bo)临(lin)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),虽群(qun)后(hou)咸在(zai)(zai),常先(xian)(xian)同(tong)(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)盟(meng)(meng)(meng)”耳(er)。取(qu)重宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,以(yi)(yi)(yi)喻已也(ye)(ye)。取(qu)譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,聊举一边。“寡(gua)人(ren)若(ruo)(ruo)朝(chao)(chao)于薛,不(bu)敢与(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)任齿”,朝(chao)(chao)於(wu)(wu)彼国,自可下主国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)聚(ju)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),不(bu)肯先(xian)(xian)盟(meng)(meng)(meng),主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)也(ye)(ye)。
寡人若朝于薛,不敢与诸任齿。薛,任姓。齿,列也。
○任音壬(ren),注(zhu)同。
[疏]注“薛,任姓。齿,列也”。
○正义曰:《世本·氏(shi)姓篇》云:“任(ren)姓:谢、章(zhang)、薛(xue)、舒(shu)、吕、祝(zhu)、终、泉、毕(bi)、过。”言此十国皆任(ren)姓也。《礼记·文(wen)王世子》曰:“古者谓(wei)年龄(ling),齿(chi)亦(yi)龄(ling)也。”然则齿(chi)是年之别(bie)名。人以(yi)年齿(chi)相(xiang)次列(lie)。以(yi)爵位相(xiang)次列(lie)亦(yi)名为(wei)齿(chi),故云齿(chi)也。君(jun)若辱贶寡人,则原以(yi)滕(teng)君(jun)为(wei)请。”薛(xue)侯(hou)许(xu)之,乃长滕(teng)侯(hou)。
“夏,公会郑伯于郲”,谋伐许也。郑伯将伐许,五月,甲辰,授兵於大宫。大宫,郑祖庙。
○大音泰。公孙阏与颍考叔争车,公孙阏,郑大夫。
○阏,於葛反。颍考叔挟辀以走,辀,车辕也。
○挟音协(xie)。辀,张留反。
[疏]“挟辀以走”。
○正义曰:庙内(nei)授车未有马(ma)驾(jia),故(gu)手挟以走。辀,辕也。《方言(yan)》云:“楚、卫谓辕为(wei)辀。”服虔(qian)云:“考(kao)叔挟车辕,棰马(ma)而走。古者兵(bing)车一辕,服马(ma)夹(jia)之。若马(ma)已在辕,不(bu)可复挟。且棰马(ma)而走,非捷(jie)步所及,子都(dou)岂复乘车逐之。”
子都拔棘以逐之。子都,公孙阏。棘,戟也。及大逵,弗及,子都怒。逵,道方九轨也。
○逵(kui)(kui),求龟(gui)反。《尔(er)雅(ya)》云(yun):“九达谓之逵(kui)(kui)。”杜云(yun):“道方九轨。”此依《考工(gong)记》
[疏]注“逵,道方九轨也”。
○正(zheng)义曰:《冬官·考工记》:“匠人营国(guo)(guo)(guo)”,“经涂(tu)九(jiu)(jiu)轨。”轨,车辙。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),道(dao)(dao)广(guang)并九(jiu)(jiu)车也(ye)。《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)·释宫》云(yun):“一达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)路,二达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歧旁(pang),三(san)达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剧旁(pang),四达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衢,五达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康,六(liu)达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庄(zhuang),七(qi)达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剧骖,八(ba)达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)崇期,九(jiu)(jiu)达(da)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逵(kui)。”说《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》者,皆(jie)以(yi)为(wei)“四道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)出(chu),复有旁(pang)通”。故(gu)刘炫(xuan)《规(gui)过》以(yi)逵(kui)为(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)道(dao)(dao)交(jiao)出(chu)也(ye)。今以(yi)为(wei)“道(dao)(dao)方九(jiu)(jiu)轨”者,盖以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),世俗所希,不应城(cheng)(cheng)内(nei)得(de)有。此道(dao)(dao)以(yi)记有九(jiu)(jiu)轨,故(gu)以(yi)“逵(kui)”当(dang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言并容九(jiu)(jiu)轨,皆(jie)得(de)前(qian)达(da),亦是九(jiu)(jiu)达(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。故(gu)李巡注(zhu)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》亦取“并轨”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。又(you)涂(tu)方九(jiu)(jiu)轨,天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)不得(de)皆(jie)有,唯(wei)郑(zheng)城(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)独(du)有其涂(tu),故(gu)传於郑(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)每言“逵(kui)”也(ye)。故(gu)桓十四年“焚渠门(men),入及大逵(kui)”,庄(zhuang)二十八(ba)年“众车入自(zi)纯门(men),及逵(kui)市”,宣十二年“入自(zi)皇门(men),至(zhi)于逵(kui)路”。刘君以(yi)为(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)皆(jie)有逵(kui)道(dao)(dao),以(yi)规(gui)杜氏,其义非也(ye)。
秋,七月,公会齐侯、郑伯伐许。庚辰,傅于许。傅于许城下。
○傅音附,注(zhu)同。
颍考叔取郑伯之旗蝥弧以先登,蝥弧,旗名。
○蝥,亡侯(hou)反。弧音(yin)胡。
[疏]注“蝥弧,旗名”。
○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue):《周礼》:“诸侯建旂(qi),孤卿(qing)建<巾亶>。”而《左传》郑有(you)(you)蝥弧,齐有(you)(you)灵姑鉟,皆(jie)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)旗也(ye)。赵简子(zi)有(you)(you)蜂旗,卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)旗也(ye)。其(qi)名当时为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)义(yi)不可知也(ye)。
子都自下射之,颠。颠队而死。
○射,食亦反,下及注同。队,直类反。瑕叔盈又以蝥弧登,瑕叔盈,郑大夫。周麾而呼曰:“君登矣!”周,徧也。麾,招也。
○麾,许危反,又许伪反。呼,火故反。徧音遍。郑师毕登。壬午,遂入许。许庄公奔卫。奔不书。兵乱遁逃,未知所在。
○遁,徒顿反。齐侯以许让公。公曰:“君谓许不共,不共职贡。
○共音恭,本亦作供,音同。注及下同。故从君讨之。许既伏其罪矣,虽君有命,寡人弗敢与闻。”乃与郑人。郑伯使许大夫百里奉许叔以居许东偏,许叔,许庄公之弟。东偏,东鄙也。
○与闻音预。曰:“天祸许国,鬼神实不逞于许君,而假手于我寡人。借手于我寡德之人以讨许。寡人唯是一二父兄,不能共亿,父兄,同姓群臣。供,给;亿,安也。
○亿,於力反。其敢以许自为功乎?寡人有弟,不能和协,而使餬其口於四方,弟,共叔段也。餬,鬻也。段出奔在元年。
○餬(hu)音胡(hu),《说文》云:“寄(ji)食。”鬻,本又作(zuo)粥,之育反,又与(yu)六反。
[疏]注“弟共”至“元年”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue):庄公之(zhi)弟逃於四方,故(gu)知(zhi)唯(wei)是(shi)共叔段也(ye)。《说文》云(yun)(yun):“餬(hu),寄食(shi)也(ye)。”以(yi)此传言“餬(hu)口(kou)四方”,故(gu)以(yi)“寄食(shi)”言之(zhi)。昭七(qi)年(nian)传云(yun)(yun):“饘於是(shi),鬻於是(shi),以(yi)餬(hu)余口(kou)。”《释(shi)言》云(yun)(yun):“餬(hu),饘也(ye)。”则(ze)餬(hu)是(shi)饘、鬻别名。今(jin)人以(yi)薄鬻涂物谓之(zhi)餬(hu)纸、餬(hu)帛,则(ze)餬(hu)者,以(yi)鬻食(shi)口(kou)之(zhi)名,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“餬(hu)其口(kou)”也(ye)。
其况能久有许乎?吾子其奉许叔以抚柔此民也,吾将使获也佐吾子。获,郑大夫公孙获。若寡人得没于地,以寿终。
○寿,如字,又音授。天其以礼悔祸于许,言天加礼於许而悔祸之。无宁兹许公复奉其社稷。无宁,宁也。兹,此也。
○复,扶又反,又音服。唯我郑国之有请谒焉。如旧昏媾,谒,告也。妇之父曰昏,重昏曰媾。
○媾,古(gu)豆反(fan)。重(zhong),直龙反(fan)。
[疏]注“谒告”至“曰媾”。
○正义曰:“谒,告也”,《释诂》文。“妇之父曰昏”,《释亲》文也。“媾”与(yu)“昏”同(tong)文,故先儒皆以为“重昏曰媾”。
其能降以相从也。降,降心也。无滋他族,实逼处此,以与我郑国争此土也。吾子孙其覆亡之不暇,而况能禋祀许乎?絜齐以享,谓之禋。祀,谓许山川之祀。
○覆,芳服反。暇,行(xing)嫁反。禋音因。齐(qi),侧皆反,本亦(yi)作斋。
[疏]注“絜齐”至“之祀”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue):《释诂》云:“禋(yin),祭(ji)也(ye)。”孙炎曰(yue)(yue):“禋(yin),絜敬之(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)。”《周语(yu)》曰(yue)(yue):“精意以享(xiang),禋(yin)也(ye)。”是“絜齐以享(xiang)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)禋(yin)”。享(xiang)训(xun)献也(ye)。言(yan)絜清齐敬以酒食献神也(ye)。《礼》:诸(zhu)侯祭(ji)山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)在其地者。若其受许之(zhi)(zhi)土,则当祭(ji)许山川(chuan),故知“祀(si)谓(wei)(wei)许山川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)”。
寡人之使吾子处此,不唯许国之为,亦聊以固吾圉也。”圉,边垂也。
○为,于伪反(fan),圉,鱼(yu)吕(lv)反(fan)。
[疏]注“圉,边垂也”。
○正义曰(yue):《释诂》云:“圉,垂也。”舍人(ren)曰(yue):“圉,边垂也。”
乃使公孙获处许西偏,曰:“凡而器用财贿,无寘於许。我死,乃亟去之!吾先君新邑於此,此,今河南新郑。旧郑在京兆。
○贿,呼罪反,《字林》音悔。寘(zhi),之豉反,置也。亟,纪力反,急也,下(xia)注同。
[疏(shu)]注“此(ci)今(jin)”至“京(jing)兆”。正(zheng)义曰:《地理志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“河南郡新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)县,《诗》郑(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之子武公(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)国。”是知(zhi)“新(xin)邑(yi)(yi)於此(ci)”,谓(wei)(wei)河南新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。且《志(zhi)》又(you)云(yun)(yun):“京(jing)兆郑(zheng)(zheng)县,周(zhou)宣王(wang)弟(di)郑(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)邑(yi)(yi)。”是知(zhi)旧郑(zheng)(zheng)在京(jing)兆也(ye)(ye)。《志(zhi)》又(you)云(yun)(yun):“本周(zhou)宣王(wang)弟(di)友为(wei)周(zhou)司徒,食(shi)采於宗周(zhou)畿内,是为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)问於史(shi)伯曰:‘王(wang)室多故,何所(suo)可以逃死(si)?’”史(shi)伯为(wei)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)谋取(qu)虢、郐之地,令“寄帑与(yu)(yu)(yu)贿(hui),而(er)虢、郐受之。后二(er)年,幽王(wang)败,桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si),其子武公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)平王(wang)东(dong)迁,卒(zu)定(ding)虢、郐之地”。然则(ze)传云(yun)(yun)“先君(jun)新(xin)邑(yi)(yi)於此(ci)”,谓(wei)(wei)武公(gong)(gong)(gong)始居此(ci)也(ye)(ye)。《史(shi)记·郑(zheng)(zheng)世家》称(cheng)虢、郐自分“十(shi)邑(yi)(yi)”献於桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong),桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)“竟国之”。案《郑(zheng)(zheng)语(yu)》,桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)始谋,未(wei)取(qu)之也(ye)(ye);武公(gong)(gong)(gong)始国,非桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye);全灭虢、郐,非献邑(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。马(ma)迁之言皆谬耳。昭十(shi)六年传子产谓(wei)(wei)韩宣子,曰“我先君(jun)桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)商(shang)人(ren)皆出自周(zhou),以艾杀此(ci)地而(er)共(gong)处之”者,谓(wei)(wei)“寄帑与(yu)(yu)(yu)贿(hui)”之时,商(shang)人(ren)即与(yu)(yu)(yu)俱行耳,非桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)身至新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)。
王室而既卑矣,周之子孙日失其序。郑亦周之子孙。夫许,大岳之胤也,大岳,神农之后,尧四岳也。胤,继也。
○大岳音泰。
[疏]注“大岳”至“继也”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue):《周(zhou)(zhou)语》称“共工、伯篰二者,皆黄炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)”。言篰为黄帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),共工为炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)则神农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)别号(hao)。《周(zhou)(zhou)语》又称尧命禹(yu)治水,“共之(zhi)(zhi)从孙四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)佐之(zhi)(zhi)”,“胙四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)国(guo),命为侯伯,赐姓(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)姜,氏曰(yue)(yue)有吕(lv)”。贾逵(kui)云:“共,共工也(ye)。从孙,同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)末嗣之(zhi)(zhi)孙。四岳(yue)(yue)(yue),官名(ming),大岳(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。主(zhu)四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)祭焉。姜,炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)(xing),其(qi)后(hou)(hou)变易,至於四岳(yue)(yue)(yue),帝(di)(di)(di)复(fu)赐之(zhi)(zhi)祖姓(xing)(xing),以(yi)绍炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。”以(yi)此(ci)知“大岳(yue)(yue)(yue)”是神农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),尧四岳(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)主(zhu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)祀,尊之(zhi)(zhi),故称大岳(yue)(yue)(yue),许国(guo)是其(qi)后(hou)(hou)也(ye)。“胤(yin),继也(ye)”。《释诂》文。舍人云:“胤(yin),继世(shi)也(ye)。”
天而既厌周德矣,吾其能与许争乎?君子谓郑庄公於是乎有礼。礼,经国家,定社稷,序民人,利后嗣者也。许无刑而伐之,服而舍之,刑,法也。
○厌,於艳反。
[疏]“礼经”至“嗣者也”。
○正义(yi)曰:经谓纪理(li)之,若《诗》之经营、经始(shi)也。国(guo)(guo)家非礼(li)不治,社稷(ji)得礼(li)乃安(an),故礼(li)所(suo)以(yi)经理(li)国(guo)(guo)家,安(an)定社稷(ji)。以(yi)礼(li)教民(min)则亲(qin)戚和(he)睦,以(yi)礼(li)守位(wei)则泽(ze)及子孙,故礼(li)所(suo)以(yi)次(ci)序(xu)民(min)人,利益(yi)后嗣。“经国(guo)(guo)家”,犹《诗序(xu)》之言“经夫(fu)妇(fu)”也。
度德而处之,量力而行之,相时而动,无累后人,“我死,乃亟去之”,无累后人。
○度,待洛反。量音良,下同。相,息亮反。累,劣伪反,注同。可谓知礼(li)矣。
郑伯使卒出豭,行出犬鸡,以诅射颍考叔者。百人为卒,二十五人为行,行亦卒之行列。疾射颍考叔者,故令卒及行间皆诅之。
○卒,尊(zun)忽反(fan)(fan),注(zhu)同(tong)。豭音加(jia),猪别(bie)名。行(xing),户刚反(fan)(fan),注(zhu)同(tong)。诅,则(ze)虑反(fan)(fan)。令,力呈反(fan)(fan)。
[疏]注“百人”至“诅之”。
○正义(yi)曰:《周(zhou)礼(li)·夏官(guan)》序(xu)制军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),“百(bai)人(ren)为(wei)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”,“二(er)十五人(ren)为(wei)两(liang)”。此言“二(er)十五人(ren)为(wei)行(xing)”者(zhe),以(yi)传(chuan)先“卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”后“行(xing)”,“豭”大於“犬”,知(zhi)“行(xing)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)数少於“卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”也(ye)(ye)。军法(fa)百(bai)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下唯有二(er)十五人(ren)为(wei)“两(liang)”耳(er)。又大司马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)官(guan)行(xing)司马(ma)是(shi)中(zhong)士(shi),军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)官(guan)两(liang)司马(ma)亦中(zhong)士(shi),知(zhi)《周(zhou)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)两(liang)即(ji)此行(xing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)谓军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)列(lie),知(zhi)此行(xing)亦卒(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)列(lie)也(ye)(ye)。诅(zu)者(zhe),盟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细,杀牲告(gao)神,令(ling)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殃咎。疾射颍考(kao)叔者(zhe),令(ling)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)及行(xing)閒(xian)祝诅(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),欲使神杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。一(yi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内已用(yong)(yong)一(yi)豭,又更令(ling)一(yi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间或(huo)用(yong)(yong)鸡,或(huo)用(yong)(yong)犬,重祝诅(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。犬、鸡者(zhe),或(huo)鸡或(huo)犬,非鸡、犬并用(yong)(yong)。何则?盟(meng)诅(zu)例用(yong)(yong)一(yi)牲,不用(yong)(yong)二(er)也(ye)(ye)。豭谓豕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牡者(zhe),《尔雅(ya)·释(shi)兽》:豕牡曰豝(ba)(ba)。豝(ba)(ba)者(zhe)是(shi)牝,知(zhi)豭者(zhe)是(shi)牡。祭祀(si)例不用(yong)(yong)牝。且宋人(ren)谓宋朝为(wei)艾豭,明以(yi)雄猪(zhu)喻也(ye)(ye)。
君子谓郑庄公失政刑矣。政以治民,刑以正邪。既无德政,又无威刑,是以及邪。大臣不睦,又不能用刑於邪人。
○邪(xie),似嗟反(fan),下及注(zhu)同。邪(xie)而(er)诅之,将何益矣!
王取邬、刘、二邑在河南缑氏县,西南有邬聚,西北有刘亭。
○邬,乌户反。缑,古侯反,一音苦侯反。聚,才遇反。蒍、邘之田于郑,蒍、邘,郑二邑。
○蒍,尢委反。邘音于。而与郑人苏忿生之田:苏忿生,周武王司寇苏公也。
○忿,芳(fang)粉反(fan)。
[疏]注“苏忿”至“公也”。
○正义曰:成十一年传曰:“昔(xi)周克商,使诸(zhu)侯抚封(feng),苏(su)忿生以温(wen)为司(si)寇。”《尚书·立政》称“周公告大史(shi)曰司(si)寇苏(su)公”,是其事(shi)也(ye)。
温、今温县。原、在沁水县西。
○沁,七浸反;《字林》,先任反;郭璞《三仓解诂》音狗沁之沁;沈文何,疏鸩反;韦昭,思金反。水名。絺、在野王县西南。
○絺,敕之反。樊、一名阳樊,野王县西南有阳城。
○樊,扶袁反。隰郕、在怀县西南。
○隰,详立反。郕,尚征反。欑茅、在脩武县西北。
○欑,才官反。向、轵县西有地名向上。
○向,舒亮反,注同。轵音纸。盟、今盟津。
○盟音孟。州、今州县。陉、阙。
○陉音刑。隤、在脩武县北。
○隤,徒回反。怀(huai)。今怀(huai)县(xian)。凡十(shi)二(er)邑,皆(jie)苏(su)忿生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田。欑茅、隤属汲郡(jun)。馀皆(jie)属河内(nei)。君子是以知桓王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失郑也(ye)。恕而行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则也(ye),礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)也(ye)。已弗能有(you),而以与人,人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不至,不亦宜(yi)乎!苏(su)氏叛王(wang),十(shi)二(er)邑王(wang)所(suo)不能有(you),为桓五(wu)年从(cong)王(wang)伐郑张本(ben)。
郑、息有违言,以言语相违恨。息侯伐郑。郑伯与战于竟,息师大败而还。息国,汝南新息县。
○竟音境。息,一本作(zuo)鄎(xi),音息。
[疏]注“息国”至“息县”。
○正义曰:《世(shi)本(ben)》:“息(xi)国(guo),姬姓。”此(ci)(ci)“息(xi)侯伐郑”,责其不亲亲,知与郑国(guo)同(tong)姬姓也。庄十四年传楚文王灭息(xi)。其初则(ze)不知谁之子,何(he)时(shi)封也。《地(di)理(li)志》汝(ru)南郡(jun)有新(xin)息(xi)县,故息(xi)国(guo)也。应劭云(yun):“其后东徙,故加(jia)新(xin)云(yun)。”若(ruo)其后东徙,当云(yun)“故息(xi)”,何(he)以反加(jia)“新(xin)”字(zi)乎?盖本(ben)自他处(chu)而徙此(ci)(ci)也。
君子是以知息之将亡也。不度德,郑庄贤。
○度,待洛反。不量力,息国弱。不亲亲,郑、息,同姓之国。不徵辞,不察有罪。言语相恨,当明徵其辞,以审曲直,不宜轻斗。犯五不韪,而以伐人,其丧师也,不亦宜乎!韪,是也。
○韪,韦鬼反,《苍颉篇》同。丧,息浪反。
冬,十月,郑伯以虢师伐宋。壬戌,大败宋师,以报其入郑也。入郑在十年。宋不告命,故不书。凡诸侯有命,告则书,不然则否。命者,国之大事政令也。承其告辞,史乃书之於策。若所传闻行言,非将君命,则记在简牍而已,不得记於典策。此盖周礼之旧制。
○传,直专反。师出臧否,亦如之。臧否,谓善恶得失也。灭而告败,胜而告克,此皆互言,不须两告乃书。
○否音鄙(bi),又方九(jiu)反,注同。虽及灭国,灭不(bu)告败(bai),胜不(bu)告克,不(bu)书于(yu)策。
[疏]“凡诸”至“于策”。
○正义曰:此传虽因宋不告败而发此例,其言“诸侯有命”,非独为被伐之命。故注云:“命者,国之大事政令也。”谓诸国大事,崩卒会盟,战伐克取,君臣乖离,水火灾害。经书他国之事,皆是来告则书,不告则否。来告则书者,或彼以实告,改其告辞而书之。或彼以虚告,因其虚言而记之。立文褒贬,章示善恶。虽复依告者多,不必尽皆依告。卫献公之出奔也,传称“孙林父、甯殖出其君”,名在诸侯之策。及其书经,则云“卫侯出奔齐”。如此之类,是改告辞也。晋人之败秦也,传称“潜师夜起,以败秦于令狐”。秦实未陈,不与晋战。晋人讳背前言,妄以战告。及其书经,乃言“晋人及秦人战于令狐”。如此之类,是因虚言也。虽复或因其虚,或改其实,终是归於劝戒,得告乃书也。“不然则否”者,虽复传闻行言,实知其事,但非故遣来告,知亦不书,所以慎谬误,辟不审。若楚灭六蓼,臧文仲叹而为言,鲁非不知,但无命来告,故不书也。“师出臧否亦如之”者,传因被兵发例,嫌出师伐人,不必须告,故重明之。“虽及灭国”者,既据侵伐发例,又嫌灭国事重,不待告命,故更明之。言“不书于策”者,明告命大事,皆书於国史正策,以见仲尼脩定,悉因正策之文。
○注“臧否”至“乃书”。
○正(zheng)义曰:不言(yan)(yan)(yan)“胜(sheng)败(bai)”而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)“臧(zang)否(fou)”者,明其(qi)(qi)臧(zang)否(fou)之(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),非(fei)徒胜(sheng)败(bai)之(zhi)谓,故知(zhi)是“善恶得失”,总谓理有(you)曲直(zhi),兵(bing)有(you)彊弱也(ye)。狄伐(fa)邢之(zhi)类,非(fei)狄能告也(ye);楚(chu)灭(mie)庸(yong)之(zhi)徒,非(fei)庸(yong)能告也(ye):故知(zhi)败(bai)克互言(yan)(yan)(yan),不须两(liang)(liang)告乃书(shu)也(ye)。且哀元年传曰:“吴(wu)入越(yue),不书(shu),吴(wu)不告庆(qing),越(yue)不告败(bai)也(ye)。”吴(wu)、越(yue)并言(yan)(yan)(yan),知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)不待两(liang)(liang)告。
羽父请杀桓公,将以求大宰。大宰,官名。
○大(da)音(yin)泰,注(zhu)同。
[疏]注“大宰,官名”。
○正义曰(yue):《周礼》:天子(zi)六卿,天官为大(da)(da)宰,诸(zhu)侯(hou)则并六为三(san)而兼职(zhi)焉。昭四年传(chuan)称(cheng)季(ji)孙(sun)(sun)为司徒,叔孙(sun)(sun)为司马,孟(meng)孙(sun)(sun)为司空。则鲁(lu)之三(san)卿无(wu)大(da)(da)宰也。羽父名(ming)见於(wu)经(jing),已(yi)(yi)是卿矣,而复求大(da)(da)宰,盖欲(yu)令鲁(lu)特置此官以(yi)荣已(yi)(yi)耳(er)。以(yi)后更无(wu)大(da)(da)宰,知鲁(lu)竟不立之。
公曰:“为其少故也,吾将授之矣。授桓位。
○为,于伪反。少,诗照反。使营菟裘,吾将老焉。”菟裘,鲁邑,在泰山梁父县南。不欲复居鲁朝,故别营外邑。
○菟,兔都反。裘音求。父音甫。复,扶又反,下同。羽父惧,反谮公于桓公,而请弑之。公之为公子也,与郑人战于狐壤,止焉。内讳获,故言止。狐壤,郑地。
○谮,侧鸩反。弑音试,下同;一本作杀。郑人囚诸尹氏,尹氏,郑大夫。赂尹氏,而祷於其主锺巫,主,尹氏所主祭。
○赂音路。祷,丁老反,或多报反。巫,亡夫反。遂与尹氏归,而立其主。立锺巫於鲁。十一月,公祭锺巫,齐于社圃,社圃,园名。
○圃,布古反。馆于寪氏。馆,舍也。寪氏,鲁大夫。
○寪(wei),于委反(fan)。壬(ren)辰,羽(yu)父(fu)使贼弑(shi)公(gong)于寪(wei)氏,立(li)桓公(gong),而讨寪(wei)氏,有死者。欲以弑(shi)君之罪加寪(wei)氏,而复不能(neng)正法(fa)诛之。传(chuan)言进(jin)退无据。
[疏]“讨寪氏,有死者”。
○正义曰:刘炫云:羽父遣贼弑公,公非寪氏所弑。公在寪氏而死,遂寪氏弑君,欲以正法诛之。君非寪氏所弑,故讨寪氏之家,仅有死者而已,言不总诛之。
○注“欲以”至“无据”。
○正义曰(yue):刘(liu)炫(xuan)云:欲以(yi)弑君(jun)之(zhi)罪加寪(wei)(wei)(wei)氏,则(ze)君(jun)非寪(wei)(wei)(wei)氏所弑,而复(fu)不能以(yi)正法诛(zhu)之(zhi)。正法谓灭其族(zu),污其宫也。传(chuan)言(yan)此者(zhe)进退无(wu)据(ju):进诛(zhu)寪(wei)(wei)(wei)氏,则(ze)实非寪(wei)(wei)(wei)氏弑君(jun);退舍寪(wei)(wei)(wei)氏,则(ze)无(wu)弑君(jun)之(zhi)人。是其进退无(wu)据(ju)也。
不(bu)书葬,不(bu)成丧(sang)也。桓(huan)弑隐篡位(wei),故丧(sang)礼不(bu)成。