爱上海

卷(juan)三 隐三年，尽五(wu)年

　　【经】三年，春，王二月，已巳，日有食之。（无传。日行迟，一岁一周天。月行疾，一月一周天。一岁凡十二交会。然日月动物，虽行度有大量不能不小有盈缩，故有虽交会而不食者，或有频交而食者。唯正阳之月，君子忌之，故有伐鼓用币之事。今《释例》以《长历》推经、传，明此食是二月朔也。不书朔，史失之。书朔日例在桓十七年。
　　○已(yi)巳，上音(yin)纪，下(xia)音(yin)祀(si)，后仿此。食如字(zi)，本(ben)或作(zuo)蚀，音(yin)同。量音(yin)亮。缩，所六反。）

[疏]注“日行”至“七年”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：古今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)历者(zhe)，大率皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度四(si)(si)(si)分度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。日(ri)行(xing)比(bi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)迟，每日(ri)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁乃行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)行(xing)比(bi)日(ri)为(wei)(wei)疾，每日(ri)行(xing)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)度十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)分度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)内(nei)(nei)则行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)又行(xing)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)度过半(ban)，乃逐及(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)，略言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳，其(qi)(qi)实及(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)啻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)虽(sui)(sui)共行(xing)於天(tian)(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)各有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道，每积(ji)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)过半(ban)，行(xing)道交(jiao)错而(er)(er)(er)相与会(hui)集，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)会(hui)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。每一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间凡有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)会(hui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁为(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)掩(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道互(hu)相出入，或月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)日(ri)表，从(cong)外而(er)(er)(er)入内(nei)(nei)；或月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)日(ri)里，从(cong)内(nei)(nei)而(er)(er)(er)出外。道有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)交(jiao)错，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)过半(ban)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)及(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)历家一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)度分为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)分则四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)分为(wei)(wei)半(ban)今(jin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)来及(ji)(ji)(ji)日(ri)凡二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)日(ri)又四(si)(si)(si)百(bai)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)分是(shi)(shi)过半(ban)校二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)分也(ye)(ye)。“日(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)物来食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)同处，则日(ri)被月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)映(ying)而(er)(er)(er)形魄不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见，圣人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)日(ri)被月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)云“日(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可见，作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞。《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)何也(ye)(ye)？知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可知(zhi)，知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)慎疑，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)则交(jiao)会(hui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)必在(zai)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。然而(er)(er)(er)每朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)皆(jie)会(hui)，应每月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)常食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)动(dong)物，虽(sui)(sui)行(xing)度有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大量(liang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)小有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)盈(ying)缩，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虽(sui)(sui)交(jiao)会(hui)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，或有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)频(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)”。自隐(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，尽哀二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)，积(ji)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)，凡三(san)(san)千一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，唯三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)七食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)“虽(sui)(sui)交(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)(ye)。襄二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)频(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)频(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)(shi)“频(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”也(ye)(ye)。食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)常月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，唯正阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，君子忌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)阴(yin)侵(qin)阳也(ye)(ye)。当阳盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜为(wei)(wei)弱阴(yin)所侵(qin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)伐(fa)鼓用币之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。馀(yu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)则否。其(qi)(qi)日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)例皆(jie)书“朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”。“已巳(si)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下经无(wu)“朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”字。《长历》推此(ci)已巳(si)实是(shi)(shi)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)，而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，史失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)注(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)大判言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。战国及(ji)(ji)(ji)秦，历纪全(quan)差，汉(han)(han)来渐候天(tian)(tian)(tian)时(shi)，始(shi)造其(qi)(qi)术。刘歆《三(san)(san)统》以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)分月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)日(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，空得(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)加时(shi)。汉(han)(han)末会(hui)稽都(dou)尉刘洪(hong)作(zuo)(zuo)《乾(qian)象历》，始(shi)推月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)行(xing)迟疾，求日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加时(shi)。后(hou)代脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渐益详(xiang)密。今(jin)为(wei)(wei)历者(zhe)，推步日(ri)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符合，但无(wu)频(pin)(pin)(pin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)汉(han)(han)朝以(yi)(yi)来，殆(dai)将(jiang)千岁，为(wei)(wei)历者(zhe)，皆(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)日(ri)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)馀(yu)而(er)(er)(er)始(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)交(jiao)会(hui)，未有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)频(pin)(pin)(pin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)。今(jin)频(pin)(pin)(pin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，乃是(shi)(shi)正经，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)错误。世考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历术，事无(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)验，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏失。由是(shi)(shi)注(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能定，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)未言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。又《汉(han)(han)书·高祖(zu)本纪》：高祖(zu)即位(wei)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)晦(hui)(hui)，日(ri)频(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。则自有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)频(pin)(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。其(qi)(qi)解(jie)在(zai)襄二(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)年(nian)(nian)。《穀梁(liang)传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)日(ri)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晦(hui)(hui)日(ri)也(ye)(ye)。”朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)晦(hui)(hui)夜也(ye)(ye)。朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)并言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)日(ri)，食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)。

三月，庚戌，天王崩。周平王也。实以壬戌崩，欲诸侯之速至，故远日以赴。《春秋》不书实崩日而书远日者，即传其伪以惩臣子之过也。襄二十九年传曰：“郑上卿有事”，“使印段如周”会葬。今不书葬，鲁不会。
　　○即传，直(zhi)专反。印，因刃反。

[疏]“天王崩”。
　　○正义曰：《曲礼》下曰：“天子死曰崩，诸侯曰薨，大夫曰卒，士曰不禄，庶人曰死。”郑玄云：“异死名者，为人亵其无知，若犹不同然也。自上颠坏曰崩。薨，颠坏之声。卒，终也。不禄，不终其禄。死之言澌也，精神澌尽也。”是由天子尊，若山崩然；诸侯卑，取崩之声，以为尊卑之差也。不书天王名者，以海内之王主，至尊之极，故敬而不敢名也。《穀梁传》云：“高曰崩，厚曰崩。尊曰崩。天子之崩，以尊也。其崩之何也？以其在民上，故崩之。其不名何也？大上，故不名也。”苏氏云：“王后崩，大子卒，不书者，赴不及鲁也。今以为略之例，所不书也。”告丧，《礼》云：“告王丧，曰天王登假。”此言崩者，鲁史裁约为文，不道当时赴，不言登假也。
　　○注(zhu)“周(zhou)平”至“不(bu)(bu)会”。正义曰：今(jin)检(jian)杜注(zhu)，无(wu)葬(zang)者皆显言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)谥。此为(wei)无(wu)葬(zang)，故言(yan)周(zhou)平王也。仲(zhong)尼脩(xiu)经，当改(gai)正真(zhen)伪(wei)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)褒(bao)贬(bian)。周(zhou)人赴(fu)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)实(shi)，孔子从伪(wei)而(er)书(shu)者，周(zhou)人欲令诸(zhu)侯速至，故远(yuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)崩日以(yi)(yi)赴(fu)也。不(bu)(bu)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)实(shi)而(er)从其(qi)(qi)(qi)伪(wei)，言(yan)人知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)伪(wei)则过(guo)足章(zhang)矣，故即(ji)传其(qi)(qi)(qi)伪(wei)以(yi)(yi)惩创臣子之过(guo)。《释例》曰：“天(tian)王伪(wei)赴(fu)，遂用其(qi)(qi)(qi)虚，明日月阙否，亦从赴(fu)辞。”“君子不(bu)(bu)变其(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)，以(yi)(yi)慎(shen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)疑。且虚实(shi)相生，随(sui)而(er)长之，真(zhen)伪(wei)之情，可以(yi)(yi)两见。承(cheng)赴(fu)而(er)书(shu)之，亦所以(yi)(yi)示将来也”。

夏，四月，辛卯，君(jun)氏(shi)卒(zu)。隐不敢从(cong)正君(jun)之礼，故亦(yi)不敢备(bei)礼於(wu)其母(mu)。

[疏]“君氏卒”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：君(jun)氏(shi)者，隐(yin)公之(zhi)母声子也。谓之(zhi)君(jun)氏(shi)者，言是君(jun)之(zhi)母氏(shi)也。母之(zhi)与(yu)子，氏(shi)族(zu)必异，故(gu)经(jing)典通呼母、舅为母氏(shi)、舅氏(shi)，言其与(yu)已(yi)异氏(shi)也。

秋，武氏子来求赙。武氏子，天子大夫之嗣也。平王丧在殡，新王未得行其爵命，听於冢宰。故传曰：“王未葬”，释其所以称父族，又不称使也。鲁不共奉王丧，致令有求。经直文以示不敬，故传不复具释也。
　　○赙音附。殡，必刃反。共音恭，本又(you)作供，音同。令，力呈(cheng)反。复，扶又(you)反。

[疏]注“武氏”至“释也”。
　　○正义曰：武(wu)氏者，天(tian)子(zi)大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姓(xing)。直云“武(wu)氏子(zi)”，不(bu)(bu)书其字，则其人(ren)(ren)未(wei)(wei)成为(wei)大夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)。若(ruo)是上士例当书名，又(you)不(bu)(bu)应(ying)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父族(zu)。谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)“子(zi)”，明其是大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)。又(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)至鲁，皆言天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)矣。此(ci)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)言王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)，明其不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)。以(yi)此(ci)知此(ci)人(ren)(ren)父丧(sang)已终，宜嗣父位(wei)。但平王(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)(wei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)而崩，新(xin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)居丧(sang)，未(wei)(wei)得行其爵命(ming)(ming)(ming)，政事(shi)听(ting)於冢宰。冢宰使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適鲁，冢宰不(bu)(bu)得专(zhuan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，故(gu)(gu)作(zuo)自来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。传言“王(wang)(wang)(wang)未(wei)(wei)葬(zang)”者，意(yi)兼两事(shi)：王(wang)(wang)(wang)丧(sang)在(zai)殡，新(xin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)得加臣爵位(wei)，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)人(ren)(ren)仍系父族(zu)；王(wang)(wang)(wang)又(you)不(bu)(bu)得命(ming)(ming)(ming)臣出(chu)行，故(gu)(gu)此(ci)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)。以(yi)未(wei)(wei)葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)，阙此(ci)二事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)传以(yi)未(wei)(wei)葬(zang)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

八月，庚辰，宋公和卒。称卒者，略外以别内也。元年大夫盟於宿，故来赴以名。例在七年。
　　○别(bie)，彼列反。

冬，十有二月，齐侯、郑伯盟于石(shi)门(men)。来告，故书。石(shi)门(men)，齐地；或曰(yue)，济(ji)北(bei)卢县故城西南济(ji)水之门(men)。

癸未，葬宋穆公。无传。鲁使大夫会葬，故书。始死书卒，史在国承赴，为君故，恶其薨名，改赴书也。书葬则举谥称公者，会葬者在外，据彼国之辞也。书葬例在昭六年。
　　○为，于伪反(fan)。恶，乌(wu)路反(fan)。

[疏]注“鲁使”至“六年”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：文(wen)(wen)九年(nian)“叔(shu)孙得臣如京师”、“葬(zang)(zang)(zang)襄王”，昭三年(nian)“叔(shu)弓如滕(teng)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)滕(teng)成公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”，如此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类，遣卿(qing)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)使名。此(ci)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)使名，知(zhi)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫往(wang)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫奉命出(chu)使，位贱(jian)不(bu)(bu)合书(shu)(shu)(shu)名，故直书(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)(er)己。盟则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)及某盟，会(hui)(hui)则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)会(hui)(hui)某人，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)某公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，举其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，明有使往(wang)可知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧，士(shi)(shi)吊，大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫送(song)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)失也(ye)(ye)，礼(li)(li)(li)过於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)重。文(wen)(wen)、襄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伯(bo)，因而(er)(er)抑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧，大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫吊，卿(qing)共葬(zang)(zang)(zang)事(shi)。夫人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧，士(shi)(shi)吊，大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫送(song)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)。犹过古制(zhi)。故‘公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子遂如晋葬(zang)(zang)(zang)襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)’，传不(bu)(bu)言(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)。‘葬(zang)(zang)(zang)秦景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)’，传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫如秦葬(zang)(zang)(zang)景(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)’，特称(cheng)(cheng)‘礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)’。一以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)古制(zhi)，二以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)他(ta)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)必须鲁会(hui)(hui)，三以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)奉使非(fei)卿(qing)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经，此(ci)丘(qiu)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。”是言(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫得正(zheng)而(er)(er)卿(qing)过礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。诸侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薨(hong)(hong)，礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)名。鲁史自(zi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)君(jun)(jun)死(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薨(hong)(hong)。若(ruo)邻(lin)国(guo)(guo)亦同书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)与已君(jun)(jun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)别。国(guo)(guo)史自(zi)在已国(guo)(guo)，承他(ta)国(guo)(guo)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)告(gao)(gao)，为(wei)与已君(jun)(jun)同，故恶其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)薨(hong)(hong)名。虽赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)称(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)(hong)，皆(jie)改(gai)(gai)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)卒(zu)，略外(wai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别内(nei)(nei)也(ye)(ye)。至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)五等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵皆(jie)举谥(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，会(hui)(hui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)外(wai)，据(ju)彼国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。彼国(guo)(guo)臣子称(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，书(shu)(shu)(shu)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“恶其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)薨(hong)(hong)名，改(gai)(gai)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)崩，诸侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薨(hong)(hong)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)卒(zu)，古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。《春(chun)秋》所(suo)(suo)(suo)称(cheng)(cheng)，曲存鲁史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，内(nei)(nei)称(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)尊其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)略外(wai)，诸侯书(shu)(shu)(shu)卒(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)异也(ye)(ye)。”至於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既葬(zang)(zang)(zang)，虽邾、许子男(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)谥(shi)而(er)(er)言(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，各(ge)顺臣子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)，两(liang)通其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义，是其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说也(ye)(ye)。案《礼(li)(li)(li)·杂记(ji)(ji)》赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)云(yun)(yun)：“君(jun)(jun)讣於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)他(ta)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：寡君(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)禄，敢告(gao)(gao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)执事(shi)。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞(ci)本无(wu)(wu)(wu)薨(hong)(hong)语而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)：“恶其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)薨(hong)(hong)名者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夫人薨(hong)(hong)例云(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸侯则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“薨(hong)(hong)明其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薨(hong)(hong)告(gao)(gao)人，故书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)。是知(zhi)王侯丧者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通国(guo)(guo)命，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)崩、薨(hong)(hong)相(xiang)告(gao)(gao)。记(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)称(cheng)(cheng)，谓(wei)答主人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)问，饰其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)辞(ci)耳(er)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)记(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)无(wu)(wu)(wu)“薨(hong)(hong)”，即疑(yi)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薨(hong)(hong)告(gao)(gao)，记(ji)(ji)称(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫、士(shi)(shi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)，皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)禄”，岂大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫无(wu)(wu)(wu)“卒(zu)”名也(ye)(ye)？以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)相(xiang)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，策书(shu)(shu)(shu)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薨(hong)(hong)为(wei)文(wen)(wen)。但摈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)口(kou)传赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)辞(ci)，义在谦退，从(cong)士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“不(bu)(bu)禄”。故礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)薨(hong)(hong)，但改(gai)(gai)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)卒(zu)耳(er)。史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)事(shi)莫不(bu)(bu)在国(guo)(guo)，会(hui)(hui)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)可在外(wai)，书(shu)(shu)(shu)策者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)国(guo)(guo)内(nei)(nei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)“据(ju)彼国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，书(shu)(shu)(shu)使行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，言(yan)使为(wei)此(ci)事(shi)行(xing)，故文(wen)(wen)从(cong)彼称(cheng)(cheng)，不(bu)(bu)谓(wei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)在国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)。卿(qing)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)逆，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逆女(nv)，亦是书(shu)(shu)(shu)已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使，据(ju)彼称(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)，与此(ci)同也(ye)(ye)。

【传】三年，春，王三月，壬戌(xu)，平王崩。赴以庚(geng)戌(xu)，故书之。

夏，君氏卒。声子也。不赴於诸侯，不反哭于寝，不祔于姑，故不曰薨。不称夫人，故不言葬。夫人丧礼有三：薨则赴於同盟之国，一也；既葬日中自墓反，虞於正寝，所谓反哭于寝，二也；卒哭而祔於祖姑，三也。若此则书曰夫人某氏薨，葬我小君某氏。此备礼之文也。其或不赴、不祔，则为不成丧，故死不称夫人薨，葬不言葬我小君某氏。反哭则书葬，不反哭则不书葬。今声子三礼皆阙。《释例》论之详矣。
　　○祔音附。

[疏]注(zhu)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”至“详(xiang)矣(yi)”。正(zheng)义(yi)曰：僖八(ba)年(nian)“致(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”，“则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)弗(fu)致(zhi)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)盟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)·檀(tan)弓》记葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)礼(li)云(yun)：“既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)封”，有司(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)几筵舍奠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu)左，反(fan)(fan)(fan)日中而(er)(er)虞(yu)。”《士丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)》：“既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，乃(nai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)，遂適殡宫而(er)(er)虞(yu)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，日中自墓(mu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，虞(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)寝。正(zheng)寝即(ji)殡宫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖三(san)(san)(san)十三(san)(san)(san)年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)与(yu)《檀(tan)弓》记皆(jie)(jie)云(yun)：“卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”《丧(sang)(sang)服小(xiao)(xiao)记》曰：“妇(fu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)姑(gu)(gu)”，《杂记》曰：“妾祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)妾祖(zu)(zu)姑(gu)(gu)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姑(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)姑(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)丧(sang)(sang)礼(li)有三(san)(san)(san)，史策(ce)所(suo)书(shu)(shu)(shu)有二(er)，唯卒(zu)(zu)(zu)、葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)两(liang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)已。其卒(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)(huo)云(yun)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)、文(wen)(wen)姜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；或(huo)(huo)云(yun)某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)，定姒、孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或(huo)(huo)云(yun)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)我小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)，文(wen)(wen)姜、敬嬴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；或(huo)(huo)云(yun)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)定姒是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)；或(huo)(huo)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今声子(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)(san)礼(li)皆(jie)(jie)阙。经(jing)异(yi)常辞，必(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)阙一事(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)变一文(wen)(wen)。但(dan)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)并释，注(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)显配，虽言(yan)《释例》详(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，例亦未(wei)甚分(fen)明。此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”上三(san)(san)(san)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”下(xia)(xia)三(san)(san)(san)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。若以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)相(xiang)配，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸侯(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寝，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姑(gu)(gu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)。文(wen)(wen)次(ci)相(xiang)属，事(shi)(shi)(shi)乃(nai)似(si)然。但(dan)顾下(xia)(xia)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，义(yi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尔。定十五(wu)年(nian)“姒氏(shi)(shi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”哀十二(er)年(nian)“孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰：“死(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)。”彼二(er)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”解(jie)(jie)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)”解(jie)(jie)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)”。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)由(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)；由(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)然，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)由(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，断可知矣(yi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)文(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)相(xiang)配者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，初死(si)乃(nai)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)乃(nai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)始祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。三(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)依事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先后(hou)为文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。至书(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)共(gong)文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，后(hou)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，顺经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先后(hou)为文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本意，必(bi)(bi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)乃(nai)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)乃(nai)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)乃(nai)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)君(jun)同(tong)(tong)(tong)体，死(si)必(bi)(bi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)邻(lin)国(guo)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)告於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)邻(lin)国(guo)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。尊成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)否(fou)，义(yi)由(you)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)告。成(cheng)尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状，在於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)》：適祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)適祖(zu)(zu)姑(gu)(gu)，妾祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)妾祖(zu)(zu)姑(gu)(gu)。亦既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姑(gu)(gu)，便是(shi)(shi)(shi)適、妾莫辩。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)墓(mu)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寝，哀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尤极，情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)切。既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，全是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)念其亲，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)与(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，殆(dai)无(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)(jie)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惩臣子(zi)(zi)，责其不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)礼(li)，有勤有惰，未(wei)必(bi)(bi)废则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)俱(ju)废，行(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)皆(jie)(jie)行(xing)(xing)。此(ci)(ci)声子(zi)(zi)自三(san)(san)(san)礼(li)皆(jie)(jie)阙，其馀(yu)或(huo)(huo)可一行(xing)(xing)一否(fou)。《释例》曰：“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)子(zi)(zi)氏(shi)(shi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)；定姒则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)据传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)然，理(li)在不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惑，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，辞当云(yun)何耳(er)(er)。薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)号。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别(bie)号。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)”下(xia)(xia)注(zhu)云(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，文(wen)(wen)相(xiang)将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)定姒”传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)丧(sang)(sang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”注(zhu)云(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)。”传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”解(jie)(jie)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”，注(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”解(jie)(jie)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)，文(wen)(wen)相(xiang)将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，三(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)将(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可致(zhi)诘。盖(gai)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)、祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)礼(li)，课(ke)行(xing)(xing)一事(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)具此(ci)(ci)三(san)(san)(san)文(wen)(wen)。二(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)并废，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)三(san)(san)(san)文(wen)(wen)皆(jie)(jie)去耳(er)(er)。何则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？检此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)相(xiang)配，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)由(you)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)乃(nai)云(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)由(you)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定姒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。”又以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)事(shi)(shi)(shi)并解(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。注(zhu)云(yun)：“赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)姑(gu)(gu)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)阙，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。”明是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)俱(ju)阙，乃(nai)去夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，课(ke)行(xing)(xing)一事(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)，书(shu)(shu)(shu)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)。所(suo)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)(fan)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)无(wu)所(suo)施耳(er)(er)。即(ji)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)姑(gu)(gu)皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)皆(jie)(jie)曰夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)。惠公自有元(yuan)妃，别(bie)为仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)立(li)庙(miao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)未(wei)必(bi)(bi)祔(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)姑(gu)(gu)，盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赴(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)得(de)(de)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)薨(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

不书姓，为公故，曰君氏。不书姓，辟正夫人也。隐见为君，故特书於经，称“曰君氏”，以别凡妾媵。
　　○为公，音于(yu)伪反。见(jian)，贤遍反。别，彼别反。

[疏]注“不书””至“妾媵”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：辟(pi)(pi)正夫人，谓辟(pi)(pi)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)耳。何则(ze)(ze)？妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为君(jun)，则(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)得为夫人，不(bu)须(xu)辟(pi)(pi)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。但公以(yi)让(rang)位(wei)之(zhi)故，不(bu)从正君(jun)之(zhi)礼，故亦不(bu)备礼於其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)，使之(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)也。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)：“凡(fan)妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为君(jun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)犹为夫人。虽先君(jun)不(bu)命其(qi)(qi)(qi)母(mu)，母(mu)以(yi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)贵，其(qi)(qi)(qi)適夫人薨(hong)，则(ze)(ze)尊得加於臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)，外内之(zhi)礼皆(jie)如夫人矣。故姒氏之(zhi)丧，责(ze)以(yi)小(xiao)君(jun)不(bu)成(cheng)。成(cheng)风之(zhi)丧，王使会(hui)葬(zang)，传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)‘礼也’。隐以(yi)让(rang)桓(huan)摄位(wei)，故不(bu)成(cheng)礼於声(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，假称(cheng)君(jun)氏，以(yi)别凡(fan)妾(qie)媵。盖是一时(shi)之(zhi)宜，隐之(zhi)至义也。”是其(qi)(qi)(qi)辟(pi)(pi)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)意(yi)也。

郑武公、庄公为平王卿士。卿士，王卿之执政者。言父子秉周之政。王贰于虢。虢，西虢公，亦仕王朝。王欲分政於虢，不复专任郑伯。
　　○朝，直遥反。复，扶又反。任，而鸩反，后不音者皆同。郑伯怨王，王曰：“无之。”故周、郑交质。王子狐为质於郑，郑公子忽为质於周。王子狐，平王子。
　　○质音致，下同。狐音胡。王崩，周人将畀虢公政。周人遂成平王本意。
　　○畀，必二反，与也。四月，郑祭足帅师取温之麦。秋，又取成周之禾。四月，今二月也。秋，今之夏也。麦、禾皆未熟，言取者盖芟践之。温，今河内温县。成周，洛阳县也。
　　○祭(ji)，侧界反。芟，所(suo)衔反。

[疏]注“四月”至“阳县也”。
　　○正义曰：此直言秋，秋有三(san)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。若是季秋，则今之(zhi)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)。杜必知“秋，今之(zhi)夏(xia)”者，以此传在武(wu)氏之(zhi)上。案经，武(wu)氏之(zhi)下有“八月(yue)(yue)(yue)，宋公和(he)卒”，则知此是七月(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)为今之(zhi)夏(xia)，谓今之(zhi)五月(yue)(yue)(yue)也。麦(mai)熟(shu)在夏(xia)，而(er)云麦(mai)、禾(he)皆未熟(shu)者，谓四月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)时(shi)麦(mai)未熟(shu)，七月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)时(shi)禾(he)未熟(shu)，二者异时(shi)，故(gu)言皆也。

周、郑交恶。两相疾恶。君子曰：“信不由中，质无益也。明恕而行，要之以礼，虽无有质，谁能间之？苟有明信，涧谿沼沚之毛，谿亦涧也。沼，池也。沚，小渚也。毛，草也。
　　○要，於遥反。间，间厕之间。谿，苦兮反。《尔雅》云：“山夹水曰涧”，“山渎无所通曰谿。”沼，之绍反。沚音止，亦音市，本又作畤。蘋蘩蕰藻之菜，蘋，大蓱也。蘩，皤蒿。蕰藻，聚藻也。
　　○蘋音频。蘩音烦。蕰(wen)，纡纷反(fan)(fan)。藻音早。蓱，蒲丁反(fan)(fan)。皤，蒲多反(fan)(fan)，白蒿也(ye)。

[疏]“涧谿”至“之菜”。
　　○正义曰：毛即菜也。而重其文者，谿沼言地之陋，蘋藻言菜之薄，故文重也。
　　○注“谿亦”至“毛草”。
　　○正义曰：《尔雅·释山》云：“山夹水，涧。”李巡曰：“山间有水。”《释名》曰：“言水在两山间也。”《释水》曰：“水注川曰谿。”李巡曰：“水出於山，入於川。”《释山》又云：“山豄无所通，谿。”李巡曰：“山中水渎，虽无所通，与水注川同名。”宋均曰：“无水曰谷，有水曰谿。”然则谿亦山间有水之名，是涧之类，故云“谿亦涧也”。沼者，池之别名。张揖《广雅》亦云：“沼，池也。”应劭《风俗通》云：“池者，陂池，从水，也声。”沚与畤音义同。《释水》曰：“小渚曰沚。”《释名》曰：“沚，止也，小水可止息其上。”草是地之毛。《周礼》“宅不毛”，谓宅内无草木也，故杜以毛为草。草即下句蘋蘩蕰藻是也。蘩，陆菜，而云沼沚之毛者，或采之水旁，非皆水内也。
　　○注“蘋大”至“聚藻也”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《释(shi)(shi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)》云(yun)：“苹，蓱(ping)，其大者蘋(pin)。”舍人(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“苹，一(yi)名蓱(ping)，大者名蘋(pin)。”郭璞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“水中浮(fu)蓱(ping)，江东(dong)谓(wei)之薸。”陆机《毛诗义疏(shu)》云(yun)：“今(jin)水上浮(fu)蓱(ping)是也(ye)。其粗(cu)大者谓(wei)之蘋(pin)，小者曰(yue)(yue)(yue)蓱(ping)。季春始生(sheng)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)糁(san)蒸为(wei)茹(ru)，又可(ke)(ke)(ke)苦酒淹(yan)以就酒。”《释(shi)(shi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)》又云(yun)：“蘩(fan)，皤(po)蒿(hao)。”孙(sun)炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“白蒿(hao)也(ye)。”陆机《疏(shu)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“凡(fan)艾(ai)白色为(wei)皤(po)蒿(hao)。今(jin)白蒿(hao)，春始生(sheng)，及秋香美。可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)食，又可(ke)(ke)(ke)烝。一(yi)名游(you)胡(hu)(hu)，北海人(ren)谓(wei)之旁勃(bo)。故(gu)《大戴礼·夏小正(zheng)》传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘蘩(fan)，游(you)胡(hu)(hu)。’游(you)胡(hu)(hu)，旁勃(bo)也(ye)。”许(xu)慎《说(shuo)文》云(yun)：“藻(zao)，水草(cao)(cao)(cao)，从(cong)月，从(cong)水，巢(chao)声(sheng)。或作(zuo)藻(zao)，从(cong)澡。”《毛诗传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“藻(zao)，聚藻(zao)也(ye)。”然(ran)则此(ci)草(cao)(cao)(cao)好聚生(sheng)。蕰(wen)训聚也(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)“蕰(wen)藻(zao)，聚藻(zao)也(ye)”。陆机《疏(shu)》云(yun)：“生(sheng)水底(di)，有二(er)(er)种(zhong)：其一(yi)种(zhong)叶如(ru)(ru)鸡(ji)苏，茎(jing)大如(ru)(ru)著，长四五尺(chi)。其一(yi)种(zhong)茎(jing)大如(ru)(ru)钗股，叶如(ru)(ru)蓬，谓(wei)之聚藻(zao)。”又云(yun)：“扶风人(ren)谓(wei)之藻(zao)，聚为(wei)发(fa)声(sheng)也(ye)。此(ci)二(er)(er)藻(zao)皆可(ke)(ke)(ke)食，煮熟捼去腥气(qi)，米面糁(san)蒸为(wei)茹(ru)，嘉(jia)美，杨州人(ren)饥荒可(ke)(ke)(ke)以当穀食。”

筐筥锜釜之器，方曰筐，员曰筥，无足曰釜，有足曰锜。
　　○筐，丘方反(fan)。筥(ju)，九(jiu)吕反(fan)。锜，其绮反(fan)。筐、筥(ju)皆器也(ye)。

[疏]注“方曰”至“曰锜”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：此皆(jie)《毛·诗传》、郑笺之文(wen)也。《说文(wen)》云：“筥，饭(fan)牛(niu)筐也。”《广雅》云：“锜，釜(fu)也。”

潢汙行潦之水，潢汙，停水。行潦，流潦。
　　○潢音黄。汙音乌。潦音老。

[疏]注“潢汙”至“流潦”。
　　○正义曰：停水(shui)(shui)，谓水(shui)(shui)不流(liu)也。行(xing)，道(dao)(dao)也。雨水(shui)(shui)谓之潦。言道(dao)(dao)上聚流(liu)者也。服虔(qian)云：“畜(chu)小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)谓之潢。水(shui)(shui)不流(liu)谓之汙。行(xing)潦，道(dao)(dao)路之水(shui)(shui)。”是也。此(ci)水(shui)(shui)用为饮食，故(gu)引(yin)《泂酌》之篇。藻虽潦水(shui)(shui)所生，要(yao)此(ci)潦非(fei)生菜处也。

可(ke)(ke)荐於鬼神(shen)，可(ke)(ke)羞於王公。羞，进也。

[疏]“可荐”至“王公”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：上言(yan)鬼(gui)神，此言(yan)王(wang)公(gong)，是生王(wang)公(gong)也。或以(yi)为(wei)王(wang)公(gong)亦(yi)谓(wei)鬼(gui)神，非(fei)生王(wang)公(gong)也。此传之意，取《诗(shi)》为(wei)言(yan)。《泂酌》论天子之事，是羞於王(wang)也。《采蘩》云公(gong)侯之事，是羞於公(gong)也。言(yan)荐又言(yan)羞者，郑玄(xuan)注《庖人(ren)》云：“备品物曰(yue)荐，致(zhi)滋味乃为(wei)羞。”

而况君子结二国之信，行之以礼，又焉用质？通言盟约彼此之情，故言二国。
　　○焉，於虔反。约，如字，又於妙反。《风》有《采蘩》、《采蘋》，《采蘩》，《采蘋》，《诗·国风》。义取於不嫌薄物。《雅》有《行苇》、《泂酌》，《诗·大雅》也。《行苇》篇，义取忠厚也。《泂酌》篇，义取虽行潦可以共祭祀也。
　　○苇，于(yu)鬼反。泂音迥。共音恭。

[疏]“《雅》有《行苇》”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《采(cai)蘩》、《采(cai)蘋(pin)》、《泂酌》，上(shang)传所言皆有(you)彼篇之(zhi)事，其言未及《行苇》。今(jin)言《行苇》者，其意别取忠厚(hou)，非以结上(shang)也。

昭忠信也。”明有忠信之行，虽薄物皆可为用。
　　○行，下孟反。

武氏子来求赙，王未葬也。

宋穆公疾，召大司马孔父而属殇公焉，曰：“先君舍与夷而立寡人，先君，穆公兄宣公也。与夷，宣公子，即所属殇公。
　　○属，章欲反，注同。殇，舒羊反。舍音舍。与(yu)，如字，一音馀。

[疏]“武氏”至“葬也”。
　　○正义曰：苏氏云：案文九年“毛伯来求金”，传曰“不书王命，未葬也”。此传直云“王未葬”。不同者，毛伯直释，不称使，故云“不书王命”。此武氏子，非但不称使，又称父族，二事皆由未葬，故直云“王未葬也”。
　　○“而立寡人”。
　　○正义曰：《曲礼》下曰：“诸(zhu)侯见天子曰臣(chen)某(mou)、侯某(mou)，其(qi)与民言自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)曰寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)。”今与臣(chen)言亦云寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)，则知其(qi)对臣(chen)民自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)同也。《老子》曰：“孤寡(gua)(gua)不(bu)穀，王侯之谦称(cheng)(cheng)。”故(gu)以下诸(zhu)侯自(zi)称(cheng)(cheng)，亦多言不(bu)穀。

寡人弗敢忘。若以大夫之灵，得保首领以没，先君若问与夷，其将何辞以对？请子奉之，以主社稷，寡人虽死，亦无悔焉。”对曰：“群臣原奉冯也。”冯，穆公子庄公也。
　　○没，本亦作殁，同。冯，皮冰反，本亦作凭。公曰：“不可。先君以寡人为贤，使主社稷，若弃德不让，是废先君之举也。岂曰能贤？言不让则不足称贤。光昭先君之令德，可不务乎？吾子其无废先君之功。”先君以举贤为功，我若不贤是废之。使公子冯出居於郑。辟殇公也。八月庚辰，宋穆公卒，殇公即位。君子曰：“宋宣公可谓知人矣。立穆公，其子飨之，命以义夫。命出於义也。夫，语助。
　　○夫音(yin)符，注同。

[疏]“命以义夫”。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)(yi)曰：义(yi)(yi)(yi)者宜也(ye)。错心方(fang)直，动合事宜，乃(nai)谓之(zhi)为义(yi)(yi)(yi)。宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)立(li)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，知穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)贤，必(bi)(bi)以义(yi)(yi)(yi)理，不(bu)弃其子。今穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)卒(zu)，命(ming)孔父以义(yi)(yi)(yi)事而立(li)殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。是(shi)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)立(li)殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，出(chu)(chu)於仁义(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)中(zhong)，故杜(du)云(yun)“命(ming)出(chu)(chu)於义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)”。必(bi)(bi)知“命(ming)以义(yi)(yi)(yi)夫”谓穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)立(li)殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者，以杜(du)注(zhu)云(yun)“帅义(yi)(yi)(yi)而行，则殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)宜受(shou)此命(ming)，宜荷此禄”。“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子冯不(bu)帅父义(yi)(yi)(yi)”，“终伤咸宜之(zhi)福”。明知殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)命(ming)与殷汤、武丁(ding)同有“咸宜”，是(shi)知穆(mu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)命(ming)殇(shang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是(shi)为义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)。

《商颂》曰：‘殷受命咸宜，百禄是荷。’其是之谓乎！”《诗·颂》言殷汤、武丁受命皆以义，故任荷天之百禄也。帅义而行，则殇公宜受此命，宜荷此禄。公子冯不帅父义，忿而出奔，因郑以求入，终伤“咸宜”之福，故知人之称唯在宣公也。殷礼有兄弟相及，不必传子孙，宋其后也，故指称《商颂》。
　　○颂，似用反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。荷，本又作(zuo)何，何可反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，又音何，注同，任也。任音壬(ren)。忿(fen)，芳粉反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。称，尺证反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。传(chuan)，直专反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“商颂”至“谓乎”。
　　○正义曰：《商颂·玄鸟》之卒章，言成汤、武丁，此二王者，受天之命，皆得其宜，故天之百种之禄，於是乎荷负之。言天禄皆归，故得而荷负也。今穆公立殇公亦得其宜，故殇公宜荷其禄，《诗》之意其是此事之谓乎！
　　○注“诗颂”至“商颂”。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：唐虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代，契为(wei)司徒，封於商(shang)(shang)。十(shi)四世至汤(tang)，王有(you)天(tian)下(xia)，遂以(yi)(yi)商(shang)(shang)为(wei)代号(hao)。后世有(you)武(wu)丁者，中兴(xing)贤君(jun)(jun)，时有(you)作(zuo)诗颂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《商(shang)(shang)颂》，美汤(tang)与武(wu)丁能荷(he)天(tian)禄(lu)。今(jin)殇(shang)公(gong)亦荷(he)天(tian)禄(lu)，与《诗》义(yi)(yi)同(tong)，故(gu)(gu)引以(yi)(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《公(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)》言(yan)(yan)宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸(huo)，宣公(gong)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。尤其(qi)舍子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立弟(di)，果令(ling)冯(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)争心。以(yi)(yi)冯(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)争为(wei)宣公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)过(guo)。今(jin)此(ci)(ci)传(chuan)(chuan)善宣公(gong)，故(gu)(gu)申明其(qi)事。若(ruo)使(shi)帅义(yi)(yi)而(er)行，则殇(shang)公(gong)宜受此(ci)(ci)命，宜荷(he)此(ci)(ci)禄(lu)。但公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冯(feng)(feng)(feng)不帅父(fu)义(yi)(yi)，失其(qi)咸宜，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称唯在(zai)宣公(gong)。止善宣公(gong)知(zhi)穆(mu)公(gong)耳。冯(feng)(feng)(feng)自(zi)争国(guo)，非宣公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪，故(gu)(gu)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)(yan)使(shi)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冯(feng)(feng)(feng)出(chu)居于(yu)郑，则是父(fu)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)。注(zhu)言(yan)(yan)忿而(er)出(chu)奔(ben)者，四年传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)：“公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冯(feng)(feng)(feng)出(chu)奔(ben)郑，郑人欲(yu)纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又告宋曰(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)若(ruo)伐郑，以(yi)(yi)除君(jun)(jun)害。”是冯(feng)(feng)(feng)出(chu)奔(ben)郑，求入，欲(yu)害宋国(guo)也(ye)。父(fu)使(shi)居郑，欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)辟殇(shang)公(gong)；冯(feng)(feng)(feng)乃因郑，欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)害殇(shang)公(gong)。故(gu)(gu)据父(fu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则云使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)居；据冯(feng)(feng)(feng)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则云忿而(er)出(chu)奔(ben)；各从其(qi)实(shi)而(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)。谥法：“短折不成曰(yue)(yue)殇(shang)”，“布德执(zhi)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)穆(mu)”。

冬，齐、郑盟于石门，寻卢之盟也。卢盟在春秋前。卢，齐地，今济北卢县故城。庚戌，郑伯之车偾于济。既盟而遇大风，传记异也。十二月无庚戌，日误。
　　○偾，弗(fu)问反，仆(pu)也(ye)。

[疏]注“既盟”至“日误”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《释言》云(yun)(yun)：“偾，僵也(ye)。”舍人(ren)曰(yue)：“背(bei)，踣意也(ye)。”车踣而入(ru)济(ji)(ji)，是(shi)风吹之队济(ji)(ji)水(shui)，非常之事，故云(yun)(yun)传记异也(ye)。《禹贡》：“导沇(yan)水(shui)东(dong)流(liu)为济(ji)(ji)，入(ru)于河，溢为荣。”《释例(li)》曰(yue)：“济(ji)(ji)自荧阳卷(juan)县东(dong)经(jing)(jing)陈留至(zhi)济(ji)(ji)阴，北经(jing)(jing)高(gao)平，东(dong)经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)北，东(dong)北经(jing)(jing)济(ji)(ji)南，至(zhi)乐安博昌县入(ru)海。”案：检水(shui)流(liu)之道，今古或殊。杜既考校元由，据当时所(suo)见，载於《释例(li)》，今一(yi)皆依杜。虽与(yu)《水(shui)经(jing)(jing)》乖异，亦不(bu)复根寻也(ye)。庚戌无(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，而云(yun)(yun)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者，以(yi)经(jing)(jing)盟(meng)于石(shi)门在(zai)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，知(zhi)此(ci)亦十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。经(jing)(jing)书(shu)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，下云(yun)(yun)“癸(gui)未，葬(zang)宋穆公”，计庚戌在(zai)癸(gui)未之前三十(shi)三日，不(bu)得(de)共(gong)在(zai)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。彼《长历》推(tui)此(ci)年十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)甲子朔，十(shi)一(yi)日有甲戌，二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)日在(zai)丙(bing)戌，不(bu)得(de)有庚戌。而月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)有癸(gui)未，则月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)容误(wu)，知(zhi)日误(wu)也(ye)。

卫庄公娶于(yu)齐(qi)东宫得臣之妹，曰庄姜(jiang)。得臣，齐(qi)大(da)子也(ye)。此(ci)太子不敢居上(shang)位，故常处东宫。

[疏]“卫庄”至“庄姜”。
　　○正义曰：《齐(qi)(qi)国侯爵谱》云：“姜姓，大公(gong)(gong)(gong)望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，其先四岳，佐禹有功。或(huo)封於吕(lv)(lv)，或(huo)封於申，故(gu)太公(gong)(gong)(gong)曰吕(lv)(lv)望也(ye)(ye)。太公(gong)(gong)(gong)股肱周室，成王封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於营丘，今临(lin)淄是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)九年(nian)(nian)，鲁隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。简(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)四年(nian)(nian)，获麟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁也(ye)(ye)。简(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)弟平公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)，《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传终矣。平公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)卒。后二(er)世七十(shi)年(nian)(nian)而(er)田(tian)氏(shi)夺齐(qi)(qi)，太公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后灭矣。案《齐(qi)(qi)世家(jia)》，庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)生僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。东(dong)宫得臣，未(wei)知何公(gong)(gong)(gong)太子(zi)(zi)。案《史记·十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)诸侯年(nian)(nian)表》，卫庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)在(zai)春秋(qiu)前二(er)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)，齐(qi)(qi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)在(zai)春秋(qiu)前八(ba)年(nian)(nian)。然则庄姜必(bi)非(fei)齐(qi)(qi)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，盖是(shi)庄公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女，僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)姊(zi)妹也(ye)(ye)。得臣为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)，早死，故(gu)僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)立(li)也(ye)(ye)。不言僖(xi)(xi)(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)姊(zi)妹，而(er)系得臣者(zhe)，见其是(shi)適(shi)女也(ye)(ye)。得臣为(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)，云常(chang)处东(dong)宫者(zhe)，四时东(dong)为(wei)(wei)春，万物(wu)生长在(zai)东(dong)；西(xi)(xi)(xi)为(wei)(wei)秋(qiu)，万物(wu)成就(jiu)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)。以此君在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)宫，太子(zi)(zi)常(chang)处东(dong)宫也(ye)(ye)。或(huo)可(ke)据《易·象》：西(xi)(xi)(xi)北为(wei)(wei)乾(qian)，乾(qian)为(wei)(wei)君父，故(gu)君在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)；东(dong)方震，震为(wei)(wei)长男，故(gu)太子(zi)(zi)在(zai)东(dong)宫也(ye)(ye)。

美而无子，卫人所为赋《硕人》也。《硕人》诗，义取庄姜美于色，贤于德，而不见答，终以无子，国人忧之。
　　○为音于伪反。

[疏]“所为赋《硕人》也”。
　　○正义曰：此赋谓(wei)自(zi)作诗也(ye)。班固曰：“不歌而(er)诵亦曰赋。”郑(zheng)玄云(yun)：“赋者(zhe)，或(huo)造篇，或(huo)诵古(gu)。”然(ran)则赋有二(er)义。此与闵(min)二(er)年郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)赋《清人(ren)(ren)》，许穆夫人(ren)(ren)赋《载驰(chi)》，皆(jie)初造篇也(ye)。其馀言赋者(zhe)，则皆(jie)诵古(gu)诗也(ye)。

又娶于陈，曰厉妫。生孝伯，早死。陈，今陈国陈县。
　　○妫，九危反。

[疏]“又娶于陈”。
　　○正义曰：《陈(chen)国侯爵谱》云：“妫(gui)(gui)姓，虞(yu)舜之(zhi)(zhi)后。当周之(zhi)(zhi)兴，有(you)虞(yu)遏父(fu)者为(wei)周陶正。武(wu)王赖其利器用，与其先圣之(zhi)(zhi)后，以元女大姬妃遏父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)子满，封(feng)於陈(chen)，赐姓曰妫(gui)(gui)，号胡公(gong)。桓(huan)公(gong)二(er)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)，鲁(lu)隐公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)元年(nian)也(ye)。湣公(gong)二(er)十(shi)一年(nian)，获麟(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)岁也(ye)。二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)，楚灭陈(chen)。”此当桓(huan)公(gong)时。二(er)妫(gui)(gui)，盖桓(huan)公(gong)姊妹(mei)也(ye)。

其娣(di)戴妫，生桓公(gong)，庄姜(jiang)以(yi)为(wei)已子(zi)。妫，陈姓也(ye)。厉、戴皆谥。虽(sui)为(wei)庄姜(jiang)子(zi)，然大子(zi)之位未定。

[疏]注“妫陈”至“未定”。
　　○正义曰：谥法：“暴(bao)慢无亲曰厉。”典(dian)礼：“无愆曰戴。”是(shi)皆谥也。石碏言：“将立州吁，乃定(ding)之矣。”请定(ding)州吁，明大(da)(da)子之位未定(ding)，《卫世(shi)家》言立完为大(da)(da)子，非也。

公子州吁，嬖人之子也。嬖，亲幸也。
　　○吁，混于反。嬖，必计反。贱而得幸曰嬖。有宠而好兵。公弗禁，庄姜恶之。石碏谏曰：“臣闻爱子，教之以义方，石碏，卫大夫。
　　○好，呼报反。禁，居鸩反，一音金。恶，乌路反。碏，七略反。弗纳於邪。骄、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之来，宠禄过也。将立州吁，乃定之矣。若犹未也，阶之为祸。言将立为太子，则宜早定。若不早定，州吁必缘宠而为祸。
　　○邪，似(si)嗟反，下同。泆音逸。

[疏]“弗纳”至“过也”。
　　○正义曰：骄谓(wei)恃已陵物，奢谓(wei)夸矜(jin)僣(tie)上，淫谓(wei)耆欲(yu)过度(du)，泆谓(wei)放恣无艺。此四者(zhe)之来(lai)，从(cong)(cong)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)而(er)(er)起。故服虔(qian)云(yun)“言(yan)此四者(zhe)过从(cong)(cong)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)起”，是也。刘炫(xuan)云(yun)：“此四者(zhe)所以(yi)自邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)已身(shen)，言(yan)为之不已，将(jiang)至(zhi)於(wu)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)谓(wei)恶逆之事(shi)。”刘又(you)难服云(yun)：“邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是何事(shi)，能起四过？若从(cong)(cong)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)起，何须云(yun)四者(zhe)之来(lai)宠(chong)禄过也？宠(chong)禄岂是邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)事(shi)，四者(zhe)得从(cong)(cong)而(er)(er)来(lai)乎？且言(yan)弗纳於(wu)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，惧其缘骄以(yi)至(zhi)於(wu)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，非(fei)先邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)而(er)(er)后骄也。”

夫宠而不骄，骄而能降，降而不憾，憾而能眕者，鲜矣。如此者少也。降其身则必恨，恨则思乱，不能自安自重。
　　○夫音扶，发句之端，后放此，憾，本又(you)作感(gan)，同，胡(hu)暗反，恨也(ye)。五年(nian)同。眕，之忍反，重也(ye)。鲜(xian)，息(xi)浅(qian)反，少也(ye)。

[疏]“夫宠而”至“鲜矣”。
　　○正义曰：恃君宠爱，未(wei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)骄(jiao)。亦既(ji)骄(jiao)矜(jin)，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)降(jiang)其(qi)心(xin)。强降(jiang)其(qi)心(xin)，未(wei)有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)恨(hen)。亦既(ji)怨(yuan)恨(hen)，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)重(zhong)其(qi)身。《释言(yan)(yan)》云：“眕，重(zhong)也”。言(yan)(yan)恨(hen)则思(si)乱，必(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)安自(zi)重(zhong)也。宠而(er)必(bi)(bi)骄(jiao)，降(jiang)而(er)必(bi)(bi)憾，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)势必(bi)(bi)自(zi)然(ran)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)者少(shao)(shao)也。骄(jiao)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)降(jiang)，憾而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)眕，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)心(xin)难(nan)自(zi)抑(yi)。故(gu)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)然(ran)者少(shao)(shao)也。鲜训少(shao)(shao)。以一鲜总四事(shi)，言(yan)(yan)四事(shi)皆鲜也。

且夫贱妨贵，少陵长，远间亲，新间旧，小加大，小国而加兵於大国，如息侯伐郑之比。
　　○妨音芳。少，诗照反。长，丁丈(zhang)反。间，间厕之间，下同。比二反。淫(yin)破义，所谓(wei)六逆也。君(jun)义，臣(chen)行(xing)，父慈，子孝(xiao)，兄(xiong)爱，弟敬，所谓(wei)六顺也。臣(chen)行(xing)君(jun)之义。

[疏]“贱妨”至“破义”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：贱(jian)妨贵(gui)，谓(wei)位有贵(gui)贱(jian)。少陵(ling)长，谓(wei)年有长幼。楚公子申多受小国之赂，以逼子重、子辛(xin)，是贱(jian)人而(er)妨贵(gui)人也(ye)。邾捷(jie)菑(zai)以弟而(er)欲夺兄位，是年少而(er)陵(ling)年长也(ye)。齐(qi)东(dong)郭(guo)偃、棠无(wu)咎(jiu)专崔氏之政，而(er)侮(wu)崔成(cheng)、崔彊(qiang)，是疏远而(er)间亲戚也(ye)。晋(jin)胥童、夷羊(yang)五得君宠，而(er)去三(san)郤，是新臣而(er)间旧臣也(ye)。息伐郑，曹奸宋，是小国而(er)加(jia)大国也(ye)。陈灵、蔡(cai)景(jing)奸秽无(wu)度，是邪淫而(er)破(po)正(zheng)义(yi)也(ye)。妨谓(wei)有所害(hai)。陵(ling)谓(wei)加(jia)尚之。间谓(wei)居(ju)其间使彼疏远也(ye)。加(jia)亦加(jia)陵(ling)。破(po)谓(wei)破(po)散(san)。淫义(yi)不(bu)两立，行恶则破(po)善，故(gu)言破(po)也(ye)。

去顺效逆，所以速祸也。君人者，将祸是务去，而速之，无乃不可乎！”弗听。其子厚与州吁游，禁之，不可。桓公立，乃老。老，致仕也。四年经书州吁弑其君，故传先经以始事。
　　○去，起吕反，下同。弑音试。先，悉荐(jian)反。

[疏]“去顺效逆”。
　　○正义曰：州吁於逆则少陵长，於顺则弟不敬，是去顺效逆也。六顺、六逆，因事广言，非谓州吁遍犯之也。
　　○注“老致”至“始事”。
　　○正义曰：《礼》：“七十而致事”，言还其(qi)所掌之事於君也(ye)。传之初始(shi)(shi)有此故言传先(xian)经以始(shi)(shi)事。馀(yu)不注，从(cong)可知也(ye)。

【经】四年，春，王二月，莒人伐杞，取牟娄。（无传。书“取”，言易也。例在襄十三年。杞国本都陈留雍丘县。推寻事迹，桓六年，淳于公亡国，杞似并之，迁都淳于；僖十四年，又迁缘陵；襄二十九年，晋人城杞之淳于，杞又迁都淳于。牟娄，杞邑，城阳诸县东比有娄乡。
　　○杞音起。牟，亡侯反(fan)。易，以豉反(fan)。雍，於用反(fan)。）

[疏]“莒人”至“牟娄”。
　　○正义曰：《谱》云：“杞，姒姓，夏禹之苗裔。武王克殷，求禹之后，得东楼公而封之於杞，今陈留雍丘县是也。九世及成公，迁缘陵，文公居淳于。成公始见《春秋》。湣公六年，获麟之岁也。湣公弟哀公三年，《春秋》之传终矣。哀公十年卒。自哀公以下，二世，十三年而楚灭杞。”检杞於此岁己见於经，桓二年有“杞侯来朝”，庄二十七年有“杞伯来朝”，於传并无号谥，又不书其卒。僖二十三年杞成公卒，其谥乃见於传。未知此年杞国定是何君，当是成公之父祖耳。牟娄，杞邑，莒伐取之。自是以后，常为莒邑。昭五年“莒牟夷以牟娄来奔”是也。文三年秦人伐晋，传称取王官及郊；襄二十三年齐侯伐晋，传称取朝歌：并书伐不书取。此伐、取两书者，彼告伐不告取，此伐、取并告故也。昭元年伐莒取郓，书“取”不书“伐”；昭十年伐莒取郠，书“伐”不书“取”者：元年兵未加莒而郓逆服，故书取不书伐；十年晋以取郠讨公，故书伐不书取。其伐国围邑，书围以否，亦从告也。
　　○注“书取”至“娄乡”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：襄(xiang)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)传例(li)曰(yue)：“凡书取(qu)(qu)，言(yan)(yan)易也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”知(zhi)此书取(qu)(qu)亦(yi)言(yan)(yan)易也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地理志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“陈留郡县(xian)(xian)，故(gu)(gu)杞(qi)国(guo)(guo)，武(wu)王封禹之(zhi)(zhi)后东楼公(gong)(gong)。”是(shi)杞(qi)本都(dou)(dou)(dou)陈留雍(yong)(yong)丘县(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《志(zhi)》又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北(bei)海(hai)(hai)郡淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)县(xian)(xian)。”应劭(shao)曰(yue)：“《春(chun)秋(qiu)》州公(gong)(gong)如曹(cao)，《左氏(shi)传》曰(yue)：淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)如曹(cao)。”臣(chen)瓒(zan)案：“州，国(guo)(guo)名(ming)，淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)，国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)所都(dou)(dou)(dou)。”此淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)县(xian)(xian)於汉属(shu)北(bei)海(hai)(hai)郡，晋时(shi)属(shu)东莞(guan)郡。故(gu)(gu)《释例(li)·土(tu)地名(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“州国(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)於东莞(guan)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)县(xian)(xian)。”以雍(yong)(yong)丘、淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)虽郡别而(er)(er)(er)竟连也(ye)(ye)(ye)。桓(huan)五年(nian)(nian)传称(cheng)：“淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)如曹(cao)，度其(qi)国(guo)(guo)危(wei)，遂不复(fu)。”六(liu)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)“实来”，虽知(zhi)其(qi)国(guo)(guo)必(bi)灭(mie)，不知(zhi)何国(guo)(guo)取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)。襄(xiang)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)晋帅诸侯“城(cheng)(cheng)杞(qi)”。昭元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)祁午数赵文子之(zhi)(zhi)功云(yun)(yun)(yun)“城(cheng)(cheng)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)”。是(shi)知(zhi)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)即杞(qi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。僖十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)“诸侯城(cheng)(cheng)缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)杞(qi)”，不知(zhi)从(cong)(cong)何而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)亡国(guo)(guo)，疑(yi)(yi)似并之(zhi)(zhi)”，而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)居其(qi)地。僖十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)又(you)(you)从(cong)(cong)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)於缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)。襄(xiang)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)又(you)(you)从(cong)(cong)缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)於淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)。以无明文，疑(yi)(yi)不敢(gan)质，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)“推寻事迹”，似当然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)为杞(qi)所并，定似不虚，而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)未有(you)事迹。自雍(yong)(yong)丘而(er)(er)(er)迁(qian)(qian)缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)，亦(yi)可(ke)知(zhi)矣。而(er)(er)(er)且必(bi)言(yan)(yan)迁(qian)(qian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)。又(you)(you)从(cong)(cong)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)迁(qian)(qian)缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)，以桓(huan)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)亡国(guo)(guo)，襄(xiang)二(er)十(shi)九年(nian)(nian)又(you)(you)杞(qi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)，则(ze)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)始末是(shi)杞(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)所有(you)，又(you)(you)杞(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)所都(dou)(dou)(dou)，故(gu)(gu)疑(yi)(yi)未都(dou)(dou)(dou)缘(yuan)(yuan)陵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)，亦(yi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)淳(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)于(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。取(qu)(qu)国(guo)(guo)易者(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)直言(yan)(yan)“取(qu)(qu)”，若取(qu)(qu)邿、取(qu)(qu)鄟之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)不须加(jia)“伐”於上。若其(qi)伐国(guo)(guo)取(qu)(qu)邑(yi)，其(qi)邑(yi)既小，不得(de)(de)名(ming)通，若不加(jia)“伐”於上，不知(zhi)得(de)(de)何国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)，是(shi)以虽易亦(yi)加(jia)“伐”，文则(ze)“伐杞(qi)取(qu)(qu)牟(mou)娄(lou)”、“伐邾取(qu)(qu)须句”之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。成二(er)年(nian)(nian)“取(qu)(qu)汶阳(yang)田”，乞师盟主，兴(xing)兵(bing)伐齐，得(de)(de)邑(yi)既难，而(er)(er)(er)亦(yi)书“取(qu)(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，因其(qi)伐齐，晋使还汶阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)田，鲁不加(jia)兵(bing)，故(gu)(gu)书“取(qu)(qu)”，从(cong)(cong)易也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘君或疑(yi)(yi)此意，遂云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上言(yan)(yan)伐，下言(yan)(yan)取(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)，非易”，以规杜氏(shi)，非也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

戊申，卫州吁弑其君完。称臣弑君，臣之罪也。例在宣四年。戊申，三月十七日，有日而无月。
　　○弑，本(ben)又作杀，同，音(yin)(yin)试(shi)。凡弑君(jun)之例，皆放此，可以意求，不重音(yin)(yin)。完(wan)音(yin)(yin)丸。

[疏]注“称臣”至“无月”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：宣(xuan)四(si)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)例(li)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“凡弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)：称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)，君(jun)(jun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)；称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)，臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。注云：“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)，谓唯书(shu)(shu)君(jun)(jun)名。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弑(shi)(shi)，言(yan)众(zhong)所(suo)(suo)共(gong)绝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓书(shu)(shu)弑(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示来(lai)世，终为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)义。”然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)完非(fei)(fei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)道，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)贼也(ye)(ye)(ye)。州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)实公(gong)(gong)子(zi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)文更(geng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)褒贬，直(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)告辞不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)，史有(you)(you)(you)详略(lve)耳。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)虽(sui)复非(fei)(fei)族(zu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)文当族(zu)处，《春秋(qiu)》书(shu)(shu)族(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)否(fou)，大(da)有(you)(you)(you)乖(guai)异，故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜备言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释例(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“寻案(an)(an)《春秋(qiu)》诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)於之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，甚(shen)多参差，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)先儒(ru)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)。欲讬(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於外(wai)(wai)赴(fu)(fu)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)患有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)身自来(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)，例(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)合，因以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辟陋(lou)未(wei)(wei)赐族(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)说。弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)族(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)四(si)事。州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)、无(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)、公(gong)(gong)孙，贾氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)取国(guo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)商(shang)人(ren)亦(yi)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)取国(guo)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)独称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)宋督(du)，贾氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)督(du)有(you)(you)(you)无(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，故(gu)(gu)(gu)去(qu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。案(an)(an)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)自以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先书(shu)(shu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)见义，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在於氏(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宋万(wan)，贾氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)赐族(zu)。案(an)(an)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南宫长(zhang)(zhang)万(wan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)已氏(shi)(shi)(shi)南宫，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)赐族(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。执杀(sha)大(da)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)族(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)(er)(er)事，楚杀(sha)得(de)(de)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)与宜申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，贾氏(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)陋(lou)。案(an)(an)楚杀(sha)大(da)夫(fu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)侧、大(da)夫(fu)成熊(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等六七(qi)人(ren)，皆(jie)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)独於此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)人(ren)陋(lou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)例(li)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)若此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)错。欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)义例(li)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)名’、‘书(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)仲孙，嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’、‘书(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)崔(cui)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)罪(zui)’、‘翚(hui)、溺帅师，皆(jie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)疾(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’、‘称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)族(zu)，尊君(jun)(jun)命’、‘舍族(zu)，尊夫(fu)人(ren)’、‘尊晋(jin)罪(zui)己’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，炳然(ran)著明(ming)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)非(fei)(fei)仲尼所(suo)(suo)遗也(ye)(ye)(ye)。斯盖非(fei)(fei)史策(ce)旧(jiu)法，故(gu)(gu)(gu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)凡例(li)。当时诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)国(guo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)赴(fu)(fu)，其(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)自来(lai)聘使者(zhe)(zhe)，辞有(you)(you)(you)详略(lve)。仲尼脩(xiu)《春秋(qiu)》，因采以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示义。义之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)起，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)刊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)即因而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)皆(jie)刊正也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)蔡人(ren)嘉赴(fu)(fu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)经(jing)从(cong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)季。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：蔡人(ren)嘉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，书(shu)(shu)崔(cui)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)亦(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：且告以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)族(zu)，明(ming)皆(jie)从(cong)其(qi)(qi)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。书(shu)(shu)司马(ma)华孙来(lai)盟(meng)，亦(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)他比(bi)，知(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei)大(da)例(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)总而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)推(tui)(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿，当以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名氏(shi)(shi)(shi)备书(shu)(shu)於经(jing)。其(qi)(qi)加贬损，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)直(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)。若有(you)(you)(you)褒异，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)或(huo)(huo)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官(guan)，或(huo)(huo)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。若内(nei)卿有(you)(you)(you)贬，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)特称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)名，文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)直(zhi)言(yan)鲁人(ren)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)异於外(wai)(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若无(wu)(wu)(wu)褒无(wu)(wu)(wu)贬，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)发(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)皆(jie)就(jiu)旧(jiu)文，或(huo)(huo)未(wei)(wei)赐族(zu)，或(huo)(huo)时有(you)(you)(you)详略(lve)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。推(tui)(tui)寻经(jing)文，自庄公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，闵公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)足明(ming)时史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异同(tong)(tong)，非(fei)(fei)仲尼所(suo)(suo)皆(jie)刊也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)杜解州(zhou)(zhou)吁(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)。杜知(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)，正以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)书(shu)(shu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)常比(bi)例(li)。褒则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)或(huo)(huo)书(shu)(shu)官(guan)，或(huo)(huo)书(shu)(shu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)；贬则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)或(huo)(huo)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)，或(huo)(huo)去(qu)族(zu)。既无(wu)(wu)(wu)定(ding)例(li)，明(ming)非(fei)(fei)旧(jiu)典(dian)。仲尼有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)起发(fa)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)刊正旧(jiu)史，无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)褒贬，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)因循故(gu)(gu)(gu)策(ce)。仲尼改者(zhe)(zhe)，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)辨其(qi)(qi)由(you)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)义。正是(shi)(shi)(shi)史官(guan)自有(you)(you)(you)详略(lve)故(gu)(gu)(gu)耳。戊申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)在癸未(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后二(er)(er)(er)十五日(ri)(ri)，更(geng)盈一周，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)八十五日(ri)(ri)。往年(nian)(nian)十二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)癸未(wei)(wei)葬宋穆公(gong)(gong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)戊申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。虽(sui)承二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，未(wei)(wei)必是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)《长(zhang)(zhang)历》推(tui)(tui)此(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)癸亥朔，十日(ri)(ri)壬申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，二(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)甲申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)戊申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三月(yue)壬辰朔，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)十七(qi)日(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)(you)戊申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)经(jing)上有(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)，下有(you)(you)(you)夏(xia)，得(de)(de)在三月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)字误，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云有(you)(you)(you)日(ri)(ri)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)。僖(xi)二(er)(er)(er)十八年(nian)(nian)冬下无(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)经(jing)有(you)(you)(you)“壬申(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)公(gong)(gong)朝(chao)于王所(suo)(suo)”，有(you)(you)(you)日(ri)(ri)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)，经(jing)有(you)(you)(you)比(bi)类，故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)同(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡如此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)十四(si)事。

夏，公(gong)及(ji)宋(song)公(gong)遇于清(qing)。遇者(zhe)，草次之期，二国各简(jian)其(qi)礼，若道路相逢遇也。清(qing)，卫邑，济北东阿县有清(qing)亭(ting)。

[疏]注“遇者”至“清亭”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《曲礼(li)(li)(li)下》云：“诸(zhu)侯未(wei)及(ji)(ji)期(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遇(yu)，相(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)於郤地曰(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)。”然(ran)则(ze)会(hui)者豫谋(mou)间地，克期(qi)(qi)聚(ju)集，训(xun)上下之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)，制财用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)节，示威於众，各重(zhong)其(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)。虽特会(hui)一国(guo)，若二(er)国(guo)以上，皆(jie)(jie)称会(hui)也。遇(yu)者或未(wei)及(ji)(ji)会(hui)期(qi)(qi)，或暂须相(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)，各简(jian)(jian)其(qi)礼(li)(li)(li)，若道路相(xiang)(xiang)逢(feng)遇(yu)然(ran)。此(ci)时宋(song)、鲁特会(hui)，欲寻旧盟，未(wei)及(ji)(ji)会(hui)期(qi)(qi)。卫来告乱，故二(er)国(guo)相(xiang)(xiang)遇(yu)。若三国(guo)简(jian)(jian)礼(li)(li)(li)亦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遇(yu)。故庄四年“齐侯、陈侯、郑伯遇(yu)于垂(chui)”是(shi)也。《曲礼(li)(li)(li)》称“未(wei)及(ji)(ji)期(qi)(qi)而相(xiang)(xiang)见(jian)”，指此(ci)类(lei)也。《周礼(li)(li)(li)》“冬见(jian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遇(yu)”，则(ze)与此(ci)别(bie)。刘贾以遇(yu)者用(yong)冬遇(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，故杜难(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“遇(yu)者，仓(cang)卒简(jian)(jian)仪(yi)，若道路相(xiang)(xiang)逢(feng)遇(yu)者耳。《周礼(li)(li)(li)》‘诸(zhu)侯冬见(jian)天(tian)子(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遇(yu)’，刘氏因此(ci)名以说(shuo)《春秋(qiu)》，自与传(chuan)违(wei)。案《礼(li)(li)(li)》‘春曰(yue)(yue)(yue)朝(chao)，夏曰(yue)(yue)(yue)宗，秋(qiu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)觐(jin)，冬曰(yue)(yue)(yue)遇(yu)’，此(ci)四时之(zhi)(zhi)名。今者《春秋(qiu)》不皆(jie)(jie)同之(zhi)(zhi)於《礼(li)(li)(li)》。冬见(jian)天(tian)子(zi)，当是(shi)百官备物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)时，而云遇(yu)礼(li)(li)(li)简(jian)(jian)易；经书‘季姬及(ji)(ji)鄫子(zi)遇(yu)于防’，此(ci)妇呼夫共(gong)朝(chao)，岂当复用(yong)见(jian)天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)？於理皆(jie)(jie)违(wei)。”是(shi)言《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)遇(yu)与《周礼(li)(li)(li)》冬遇(yu)异也。草次，犹造(zao)次。造(zao)次，仓(cang)卒，皆(jie)(jie)迫(po)促不暇之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。

宋公(gong)、陈侯、蔡人、卫人伐郑。

秋，翚帅师会宋公、陈侯、蔡人、卫人伐郑。公子翚，鲁大夫。不称公子，疾其固请，强君以不义也。诸外大夫贬，皆称人，至於内大夫贬，则皆去族称名。於记事之体，他国可言某人，而已鲁之卿佐，不得言鲁人，此所以为异也。翚、溺，去族，传曰“疾之”，叔孙豹则曰“言违命”，此其例也。
　　○翚，许(xu)归反。强(qiang)，其丈(zhang)反。去，起吕反，下(xia)同。溺，乃(nai)历(li)反。

[疏]注“他国”至“鲁人”。
　　○正义曰：案“郑伯使宛来归祊(beng)，庚寅我入(ru)祊(beng)”，及“齐侯(hou)伐我北鄙”，及“我师败绩”，然鲁事皆得(de)称“我”，则已之(zhi)卿佐被贬，亦可称“我人”，所以(yi)不(bu)然者，凡云“我”者皆上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)他国(guo)之(zhi)辞，故(gu)对他称我；鲁人出会他国(guo)，上(shang)(shang)未有(you)(you)他国(guo)之(zhi)文，不(bu)可发首言“我人”故(gu)也(ye)。

九月，卫人杀州吁于濮。州吁弑君而立，未列於会，故不称君。例在成十六年。濮，陈地，水名。
　　○濮音卜。

[疏]注“州吁”至“水名”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世，王政不(bu)(bu)(bu)行，赏罚(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柄(bing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在天子(zi)(zi)(zi)。弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)取(qu)(qu)国(guo)，为罪虽大，若(ruo)(ruo)已列於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe)(zhe)，则不(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)讨也。其(qi)有臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)与(yu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)无异(yi)。未必礼(li)法当然(ran)，要其(qi)时俗(su)如(ru)是。宣公(gong)杀(sha)恶取(qu)(qu)国(guo)，纳赂(lu)於(wu)齐(qi)以(yi)请会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，传(chuan)曰(yue)：“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于平州(zhou)以(yi)定(ding)公(gong)位(wei)。”杜(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“篡立者(zhe)(zhe)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)既与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，则不(bu)(bu)(bu)得复(fu)讨，臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与(yu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)，故(gu)公(gong)与(yu)齐(qi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)而位(wei)定(ding)。”是其(qi)义(yi)也。《释例(li)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)篡立，虽以(yi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)为正(zheng)，此(ci)列国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制也。至於(wu)国(guo)内，策名(ming)(ming)委(wei)质，即(ji)君(jun)(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)定(ding)，故(gu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)杀(sha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)，亦与(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)义(yi)。”然(ran)杜(du)前注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“篡立者(zhe)(zhe)，诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)既与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与(yu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)。”则若(ruo)(ruo)未会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)弑(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)。似与(yu)《释例(li)》违者(zhe)(zhe)。《释例(li)》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)弑(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)，亦成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)义(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)庄九年(nian)齐(qi)人(ren)杀(sha)无知(zhi)，及此(ci)年(nian)卫人(ren)杀(sha)州(zhou)吁(yu)，以(yi)其(qi)未会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)爵，犹(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)两下(xia)相杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)亦与(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)同(tong)义(yi)。若(ruo)(ruo)既会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，则臣(chen)弑(shi)(shi)称(cheng)爵，则文十(shi)八年(nian)“齐(qi)人(ren)弑(shi)(shi)其(qi)君(jun)(jun)商(shang)人(ren)”是也。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)伯负刍杀(sha)其(qi)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)而自(zi)立，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)五年(nian)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)“同(tong)盟(meng)于戚”。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)伯既列於(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，然(ran)后晋人(ren)执(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。十(shi)六年(nian)传(chuan)称(cheng)“曹(cao)(cao)(cao)人(ren)请于晋曰(yue)，若(ruo)(ruo)有罪，则君(jun)(jun)列诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)矣”，是列会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)矣。此(ci)州(zhou)吁(yu)未列於(wu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)君(jun)(jun)，曹(cao)(cao)(cao)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，即(ji)是成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)例(li)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)例(li)在成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)十(shi)六年(nian)。杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)濮(pu)，谓死於(wu)水旁也。《释例(li)·土(tu)地(di)名(ming)(ming)》此(ci)濮(pu)下(xia)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阙”。哀二十(shi)七年(nian)传(chuan)濮(pu)下(xia)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“濮(pu)自(zi)陈留(liu)酸枣县(xian)受(shou)河，东北经济阴，至高平钜野县(xian)入济。”彼(bi)濮(pu)与(yu)此(ci)名(ming)(ming)同(tong)实异(yi)，故(gu)杜(du)於(wu)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)阙，直云(yun)(yun)(yun)“濮(pu)，陈地(di)，水名(ming)(ming)”。

冬，十(shi)有二月，卫(wei)人立晋(jin)。卫(wei)人逆公子晋(jin)而(er)立之，善(shan)其(qi)得(de)众，故不(bu)书入於卫(wei)，变(bian)文以示义。例在成十(shi)八年。

[疏]注“卫人”至“八年”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：成十八年传例曰(yue)(yue)：“凡(fan)去(qu)其国，国逆(ni)而立(li)之曰(yue)(yue)入。”此公子晋(jin)去(qu)卫居邢，卫人迎而立(li)之，於法(fa)正当书“入”，宜(yi)与(yu)齐小白同文。传言书曰(yue)(yue)：“卫人立(li)晋(jin)，众也(ye)。”是仲尼善其得众，故改常例，变文以示(shi)义也(ye)。

【传】四年，春，卫州吁(yu)弑桓公(gong)而立。公(gong)与宋公(gong)为(wei)会(hui)，将寻宿之盟。未及期，卫人(ren)来告乱(luan)。

夏(xia)，公及宋(song)公遇(yu)于清。宿盟在元年。

宋殇公之即(ji)位也，公子冯出奔郑，郑人欲纳之。及卫州吁立，将脩先君之怨於郑，谓二年郑人伐卫之怨。

[疏]注“谓二”至“之怨”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：二(er)(er)年伐卫(wei)见经(jing)，故(gu)以属之(zhi)(zhi)，未必往前更无(wu)怨(yuan)也。《卫(wei)世(shi)家》称，桓公(gong)十六年，乃为(wei)州(zhou)吁(yu)所弑。则隐之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)年，当桓之(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。服虔以先君为(wei)庄公(gong)，非也。何则？宣公(gong)烝夷姜(jiang)生(sheng)急子，公(gong)纳急子之(zhi)(zhi)妻生(sheng)寿及朔(shuo)，朔(shuo)能构兄，寿能代死，则是年皆长(zhang)矣。宣公(gong)以此年即位(wei)，桓十二(er)(er)年卒，终始二(er)(er)十矣。虽(sui)寿之(zhi)(zhi)死，未知何岁。急子之(zhi)(zhi)娶，当在(zai)宣初。若隐之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)年，庄公(gong)犹在(zai)，岂於父在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)时已得烝父妾生(sheng)急子也？《史记》虽(sui)多谬误，此当信然。

而求宠於诸侯，以和其民。诸篡立者，诸侯既与之会，则不复讨，故欲求此宠。
　　○篡，初患反。复，扶又反，下文复伐同。使告於宋曰：“君若伐郑以除君害，害谓宋公子冯。君为主，敝邑以赋与陈、蔡从，则卫国之愿也。”言举国之赋调。
　　○从，才用(yong)反。调，徒吊(diao)反。宋人许之。於是陈、蔡方睦(mu)於卫。蔡，今汝南上蔡县。

[疏]注“蔡今”至“蔡县”。
　　○正义曰：《蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)国侯(hou)(hou)爵谱》云：“蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)，姬姓，文(wen)王子(zi)(zi)叔度(du)之(zhi)后(hou)也。武王封(feng)之(zhi)於汝南上(shang)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)，为蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)侯(hou)(hou)，作乱，见诛。其子(zi)(zi)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)仲，成(cheng)王复封(feng)之(zhi)於蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)。至(zhi)平侯(hou)(hou)，徙新蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)，昭(zhao)侯(hou)(hou)徙九江下(xia)(xia)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)。宣侯(hou)(hou)二十八年(nian)，鲁(lu)隐(yin)公之(zhi)元年(nian)也。昭(zhao)侯(hou)(hou)子(zi)(zi)成(cheng)侯(hou)(hou)十年(nian)，获麟之(zhi)岁也。成(cheng)侯(hou)(hou)子(zi)(zi)声(sheng)侯(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)年(nian)，《春秋》之(zhi)传终矣(yi)。声(sheng)侯(hou)(hou)十四(si)(si)年(nian)卒。自声(sheng)侯(hou)(hou)以下(xia)(xia)，二世，二十八年(nian)，而楚灭(mie)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)。”《地理(li)志》云：“汝南上(shang)蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)县，故蔡(cai)(cai)(cai)国，周武王弟(di)叔度(du)所封(feng)。”

“故宋公、陈侯、蔡人、卫人伐郑，围其东门，五日而还。公问於众仲曰：“卫州吁其成乎？”众仲，鲁大夫。对曰：“臣闻以德和民，不闻以乱。乱谓阻兵而安忍。以乱，犹治丝而棼之也。丝见棼缊，益所以乱。
　　○棼，扶云反(fan)，乱也。缊，於云反(fan)。夫州(zhou)吁，阻兵(bing)(bing)而安忍(ren)。阻兵(bing)(bing)无众，安忍(ren)无亲，众叛亲离，难以济矣。恃兵(bing)(bing)则(ze)民(min)(min)残，民(min)(min)残则(ze)众叛，安忍(ren)则(ze)刑(xing)过，刑(xing)过则(ze)亲离。

[疏]“阻兵而安忍”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：阻恃诸(zhu)国之兵以求胜，而征伐不已。安忍，行虐事，刑(xing)杀过度也。

夫兵，犹火也，弗戢，将自焚也。夫州吁弑其君，而虐用其民，於是乎不务令德，而欲以乱成，必不免矣。”
　　○戢(ji)，庄立反。

秋，诸侯复伐郑。宋公使来乞(qi)师(shi)，乞(qi)师(shi)不书，非卿。公辞之(zhi)。从众仲之(zhi)言。羽父请以师(shi)会之(zhi)，羽父，公子翚(hui)。公弗许。固请而行，故书曰(yue)“翚(hui)帅师(shi)”，疾(ji)之(zhi)也。

[疏]“故书”至“疾之也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：案元年传：“邾人、郑(zheng)人盟于翼(yi)。公(gong)(gong)子豫请(qing)往，公(gong)(gong)不许，遂行。”彼则不书(shu)，又(you)不加贬责；此公(gong)(gong)子翚之行，公(gong)(gong)亦(yi)不许，而(er)书(shu)於经，又(you)加贬责者；公(gong)(gong)子豫，公(gong)(gong)不许，私(si)窃而(er)行；翚师强梁，固(gu)请(qing)公(gong)(gong)，事不获已，令其出会(hui)，故(gu)以君命而(er)书(shu)，又(you)加贬责。

诸侯之师，败郑徒兵(bing)，取(qu)其禾(he)而还。时郑不(bu)车战。

州(zhou)吁未(wei)能和其民，厚问定君於石子。石子，石碏(que)也，以州(zhou)吁不安谘其父(fu)。石子曰：“王觐为可(ke)。”

[疏]“王觐为可”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：於王处(chu)行觐礼，此事(shi)是为(wei)可也。

曰：“何以得觐？”曰：“陈桓公方有宠於王，陈、卫方睦，若朝陈使请，必可得也。”厚从州吁如陈。石碏使告于陈曰：“卫国褊小，老夫耄矣，无能为也。此二人者，实弑寡君，敢即图之！”八十曰耄。称国小已老，自谦以委陈，使因其往就图之。
　　○觐，其靳反，见也。朝，直遥反，后不出者皆放此。褊，必浅反，一音必殄反。耄，毛报反。陈人执之，而请莅于卫。请卫人自临讨之。
　　○莅音利，又音类，临也。九月，卫人使右宰丑莅杀州吁于濮，石碏使其宰獳羊肩莅杀石厚于陈。君子曰：“石碏，纯臣也。恶州吁而厚与焉。‘大义灭亲’，其是之谓乎！”子从弑君之贼，国之大逆，不可不除，故曰大义灭亲。明小义则常兼子爱之。
　　○獳，奴侯反。恶乌路反。与焉(yan)，音预。

卫人逆公子晋于邢。冬，十二月，宣公即位。公子晋也。
　　○邢(xing)音刑，国名。

[疏]“宣公即位”。
　　○正义曰：贼讨乃立，自(zi)继前君，故不待(dai)逾年也。书曰“卫人(ren)立晋”，众(zhong)也。

【经】五(wu)年，春，公矢鱼于棠。（书陈鱼，以示非礼也(ye)(ye)。书棠，讥(ji)远地也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)高平方与县北(bei)有(you)武唐亭(ting)，鲁侯观鱼台。）

[疏]注“书陈”至“鱼台”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：陈(chen)(chen)鱼(yu)者，兽(shou)猎之(zhi)(zhi)类，谓使捕鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)人陈(chen)(chen)设取(qu)鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)备，观(guan)其(qi)取(qu)鱼(yu)以为戏乐，非(fei)谓既取(qu)得鱼(yu)而陈(chen)(chen)列之(zhi)(zhi)也。其(qi)实观(guan)鱼(yu)而书陈(chen)(chen)鱼(yu)者，国君爵位尊(zun)重，非(fei)蒐狩大事则(ze)不当亲行(xing)，公故遣陈(chen)(chen)鱼(yu)而观(guan)其(qi)捕获，主(zhu)讥(ji)其(qi)陈(chen)(chen)，故书陈(chen)(chen)鱼(yu)，以示非(fei)礼也。传曰“非(fei)礼也，且言远地”，故知书棠，讥(ji)远地也。

夏(xia)，四月，葬卫桓公(gong)。

秋，卫师入郕。将卑师众，但称师，此史之常也。
　　○郕(cheng)音成，国名。将(jiang)，子匠反。

九月，考仲子之宫，初献六羽。成仲子宫，安其主而祭之。惠公以仲子手文，娶之，欲以为夫人。诸侯无二嫡，盖隐公成父之志，为别立宫也。公问羽数，故书羽。妇人无谥，因姓以名宫。
　　○嫡(di)，丁(ding)历反(fan)(fan)。为别，于伪反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“九月”至“六羽”。
　　○正义曰：三年之内，木主特祀於寝宫。庙初成，木主迁入其中，设祭以安神也。祭则有乐，故初献六羽。初，始也。往前用八，今乃用六也。献者奏也，奏进声乐以娱神也。六羽谓六行之人，秉羽舞也。
　　○注“成仲”至“名宫”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：“考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，《释(shi)诂》文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“初(chu)献(xian)六羽(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)初(chu)始(shi)(shi)而(er)献(xian)，非(fei)在后(hou)恒用。知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，案宣十(shi)五年(nian)“初(chu)税亩”，杜云(yun)“遂以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)常，故(gu)云(yun)初(chu)”。杜於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)解(jie)“初(chu)”义(yi)，明不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)彼同。故(gu)《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经(jing)有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)同事(shi)异(yi)，如此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。注以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见，故(gu)辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)：“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，安其(qi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)与(yu)“献(xian)羽(yu)(yu)”连(lian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，知(zhi)(zhi)“考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)”谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)谓(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)筑(zhu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。又解(jie)立(li)(li)(li)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)手(shou)有(you)(you)(you)“夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，因(yin)即娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，有(you)(you)(you)欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。礼(li)，“诸侯不(bu)(bu)(bu)再娶”，於(wu)(wu)(wu)法无(wu)二(er)適。孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)入惠公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)，仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)享(xiang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)。盖隐公(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志，为(wei)(wei)(wei)别立(li)(li)(li)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)年(nian)十(shi)二(er)月薨，四年(nian)十(shi)二(er)月已再期矣，丧(sang)毕即应入庙(miao)。至此(ci)(ci)始(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)，仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)(li)庙(miao)本非(fei)正法。丧(sang)服既(ji)(ji)终，将为(wei)(wei)(wei)吉(ji)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)处，始(shi)(shi)议(yi)立(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)晚成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)云(yun)“始(shi)(shi)用六佾”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)“佾”而(er)书(shu)“羽(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)问(wen)羽(yu)(yu)数，故(gu)书(shu)羽(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)法不(bu)(bu)(bu)当(dang)谥(shi)，仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)谥(shi)，故(gu)因(yin)姓(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。立(li)(li)(li)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)必书(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)策，羽(yu)(yu)则(ze)(ze)非(fei)当(dang)所(suo)书(shu)，善(shan)其(qi)复(fu)正，故(gu)书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)载众仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)对，而(er)言(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)其(qi)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)书(shu)六羽(yu)(yu)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)因(yin)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)献(xian)羽(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)羽(yu)(yu)，当(dang)云(yun)立(li)(li)(li)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，如立(li)(li)(li)武宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、炀(yang)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)然(ran)(ran)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)须言(yan)(yan)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)也(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)·杂(za)记》下云(yun)“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)庙(miao)则(ze)(ze)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，“路(lu)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)则(ze)(ze)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)则(ze)(ze)当(dang)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)，寝(qin)(qin)(qin)则(ze)(ze)当(dang)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)。此(ci)(ci)庙(miao)言(yan)(yan)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)者(zhe)(zhe)，考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)是(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。庙(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)鬼神(shen)所(suo)居，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。寝(qin)(qin)(qin)则(ze)(ze)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)宅(zhai)，饮食以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《杂(za)记》注云(yun)“路(lu)寝(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)居，不(bu)(bu)(bu)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，设(she)盛(sheng)食以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)落之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。庙(miao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，尊而(er)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，盖木主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)未(wei)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)已行衅(xin)(xin)(xin)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。案《杂(za)记》衅(xin)(xin)(xin)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)云(yun)：“祝(zhu)、宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)、宰夫(fu)、雍(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)爵(jue)弁纯衣，雍(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)拭羊，宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，宰夫(fu)北面于碑南，东(dong)上。雍(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)举羊升屋(wu)，自(zi)中，中屋(wu)南面，刲羊，血流于前(qian)，乃降。门(men)(men)、夹(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)用鸡，先门(men)(men)而(er)后(hou)夹(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)衈皆(jie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)屋(wu)下。割鸡，门(men)(men)，当(dang)门(men)(men)；夹(jia)(jia)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，中室(shi)(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)司皆(jie)乡室(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)立(li)(li)(li)，门(men)(men)则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)司当(dang)门(men)(men)北面。既(ji)(ji)事(shi)，宗人(ren)(ren)(ren)告事(shi)毕，乃皆(jie)退。”是(shi)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)献(xian)羽(yu)(yu)，自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)已入庙(miao)，则(ze)(ze)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非(fei)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)礼(li)，与(yu)彼异(yi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)何？考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)犹入室(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)，始(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)谓(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)也(ye)(ye)。服虔(qian)云(yun)：“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)庙(miao)初(chu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，名为(wei)(wei)(wei)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)。将纳仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，故(gu)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致其(qi)五祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)坚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”其(qi)意谓(wei)(wei)考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)即是(shi)衅(xin)(xin)(xin)也(ye)(ye)。案《杂(za)记》，衅(xin)(xin)(xin)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，止有(you)(you)(you)鸡羊；既(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用乐，何由献(xian)羽(yu)(yu)？言(yan)(yan)将纳仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)仍(reng)未(wei)入宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)作乐献(xian)羽(yu)(yu)，敬事(shi)何神(shen)？考(kao)(kao)(kao)(kao)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，唯当(dang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)耳(er)，又安得致五祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)乎？苏氏云(yun)：不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)，桓宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、僖宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)，则(ze)(ze)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)例(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)庙(miao)而(er)言(yan)(yan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)例(li)(li)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大庙(miao)，群公(gong)(gong)(gong)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，故(gu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)依(yi)例(li)(li)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)，案文(wen)(wen)(wen)十(shi)三年(nian)“大室(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)坏(huai)”，大庙(miao)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)室(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)大庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)屋(wu)坏(huai)耳(er)。若(ruo)传(chuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，则(ze)(ze)大庙(miao)或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，即“大宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)椽”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)，群公(gong)(gong)(gong)或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)庙(miao)，即“同宗於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖庙(miao)”，“同族於(wu)(wu)(wu)祢庙(miao)”，是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

邾(zhu)人(ren)、郑人(ren)伐宋。邾(zhu)主兵(bing)，故序郑上。

[疏]注“邾主”至“郑上”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：天(tian)下(xia)有(you)道，诸侯(hou)不(bu)得专行征伐。春秋之(zhi)(zhi)时，专行征伐，以(yi)其不(bu)禀(bing)王命(ming)，故(gu)以(yi)主(zhu)(zhu)兵为(wei)(wei)首。虽小国(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)(zhu)兵，即(ji)序於大国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，欲见伐由其国(guo)(guo)(guo)，善恶所归故(gu)也。虽大夫为(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)从之(zhi)(zhi)，亦序主(zhu)(zhu)兵於上(shang)。僖二十七年(nian)“楚人(ren)(ren)、陈侯(hou)、蔡侯(hou)、郑伯(bo)、许男围宋”，注云：“传言(yan)楚子使(shi)子玉去宋。经(jing)书‘人(ren)(ren)’者，耻不(bu)得志。以(yi)微(wei)者告，犹序诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，楚主(zhu)(zhu)兵故(gu)。”是(shi)微(wei)人(ren)(ren)主(zhu)(zhu)兵，亦序国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，史策(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)常法也。

螟。无传。蟲食苗心者为灾，故书。
　　○螟，亡于反。

[疏]注“蟲食”至“故书”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《释(shi)蟲(chong)(chong)》云(yun)：“食(shi)(shi)苗心(xin)(xin)，螟(ming)。食(shi)(shi)叶(ye)，<虫(chong)(chong)貣>。食(shi)(shi)节(jie)，贼(zei)。食(shi)(shi)根，蟊(mao)。”舍人曰(yue)(yue)：“食(shi)(shi)苗心(xin)(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)(ming)螟(ming)，言(yan)(yan)冥(ming)冥(ming)然难(nan)知(zhi)也(ye)。”李(li)巡曰(yue)(yue)：“食(shi)(shi)禾心(xin)(xin)为(wei)(wei)螟(ming)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)奸(jian)冥(ming)冥(ming)难(nan)知(zhi)也(ye)。食(shi)(shi)禾叶(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)假貣无厌，故曰(yue)(yue)<虫(chong)(chong)貣>也(ye)。食(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)节(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)贪狼，故曰(yue)(yue)贼(zei)也(ye)。食(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)根者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)税取(qu)万民财货，故曰(yue)(yue)蟊(mao)也(ye)。”孙炎(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：“皆政(zheng)贪所致(zhi)，因以为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。”郭(guo)璞(pu)(pu)曰(yue)(yue)：“分别蟲(chong)(chong)啖食(shi)(shi)禾所在之名(ming)(ming)(ming)耳。”李(li)巡、孙炎(yan)以政(zheng)致(zhi)为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，舍人、郭(guo)璞(pu)(pu)以食(shi)(shi)处(chu)为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。陆机(ji)《疏(shu)》云(yun)：“旧说螟(ming)、<虫(chong)(chong)貣>、蟊(mao)、贼(zei)，一种蟲(chong)(chong)也(ye)，如言(yan)(yan)寇、贼(zei)、奸(jian)、宄，内外言(yan)(yan)之耳。故犍为(wei)(wei)文学曰(yue)(yue)：此四种蟲(chong)(chong)皆蝗也(ye)。实(shi)不同，故分别释(shi)之。”然则螟(ming)，非以蟲(chong)(chong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，以食(shi)(shi)苗之处(chu)为(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)耳。

冬，十有二月，辛巳，公子彄卒。大夫书卒不书葬。葬者臣子之事，非公家所及。
　　○彄，苦(ku)侯反。

[疏(shu)]注“大夫”至“所及(ji)”。正义(yi)曰：《檀弓》下(xia)云：“君於大夫，将葬(zang)，吊於宫。”君亲吊之而不(bu)书(shu)者，吊丧问疾，人道之常，假有得失，不(bu)足(zu)褒贬，如此小事，例(li)皆不(bu)书(shu)。葬(zang)若国家所营，则亦不(bu)可不(bu)书(shu)。大夫之葬(zang)，皆臣子自为，非公家所及(ji)，事不(bu)关国，无(wu)以得书(shu)葬(zang)也。他国之君书(shu)葬(zang)者，遣使(shi)往会，须书(shu)君命故耳。

宋人(ren)伐郑，围长(zhang)葛(ge)。颍川长(zhang)社县(xian)北(bei)有长(zhang)葛(ge)城。

【传】五年，春，公将如棠观鱼者，臧僖伯谏曰：“凡物不足以讲大事，（臧僖伯，公子彄也。僖，谥也。大事，祀与戎。
　　○观鱼者，本亦作渔者。）其材不足以备器用，则君不举焉。（材谓皮革齿牙、骨角毛羽也。器用，军国之器。）君，将纳民於轨、物者也。故讲事以度轨量谓之轨，取材以章物采谓之物，不轨不物谓之乱政。乱政亟行，所以败也。（言器用众物不入法度，则为不轨不物，乱败之所起。
　　○度，待洛反(fan)，一音如字。亟(ji)，欺(qi)冀反(fan)，数也。）

[疏]“观鱼者”。
　　○正义曰：《说文云》：“渔，捕鱼也。”然则捕鱼谓之鱼。《天官》：“惇人，掌以时惇为梁。”“凡惇者，掌其政令。”是谓捕鱼为鱼。鱼者，犹言猎者也。
　　○“臧僖”至“败也”。
　　○正义曰：凡物不足以讲大事者，物谓事物，旌旗车服之属。若其为教战祭祀等大事，故布设陈列则可。如其细碎盘游，虽陈其物，不堪足以讲习大事。止谓不为大事而陈此物，故云不足以讲大事也。其材不足以备器用者，材谓皮革齿牙之属。若其为饰器用，故狩猎取材则可。如其因游宴戏乐，所得之材不堪足以备饰器用。止谓不为器用而取此材，故云不足以备器用也。人君一国之主，在民之上，当直已而行之，以法驱民而纳之於善，故云“人君将纳民於轨、物者也”。言当为轨、为物，纳民於其中也。既言民归轨物，更解轨物之名。故讲习大事，以准度轨法度量，谓之为轨。准度轨量，即谓习战、治兵、祭祀之属是也。取鸟兽之材，以章明物色采饰，谓之为物。章明物采，即取材以饰军国之器是也。刘炫云：“捕鱼猎兽，其事相类。此谏大意，言人君可观猎兽，不可观捕鱼。凡物者，广言诸物，鸟兽鱼鳖之类也。材谓所有皮革毛羽之类也。器谓车马兵甲，军国所用之物也。凡此诸物，捕之不足以讲习兵事，其材不足以充备器用，如此者则人君不亲举焉。”其意言猎之坐作进退，可以教战陈，兽之齿牙皮革，足以充器用，人君可以观之。捕鱼不足以教战陈，鳞甲不足以为器用，人君不宜观之。人君以下云云同。今若人君所行不得其轨，举动不顺器服，不当其物，上下无章，如是则谓之荒乱之政也。乱政数行，国家之所以祸败也。其意言鱼非讲事，是不轨；材不充用，是不物。今君观鱼，是为乱国之政，祸败之本，故不用使公行也。事度轨量，正谓顺时狩猎以教习戎事也。材章物采，正谓取其皮革以修造器物也。下云“四时田猎，治兵振旅，以习威仪”，覆此讲事也。“肉不登俎，材不登器，则公不射”，覆此章物也。别言川泽之实，非君所及，指言不可观鱼，辞有首引，自相配成也。
　　○注“臧僖”至“与戎”。
　　○正义曰：僖伯名彄，字子臧。《世本》云“孝公之子”，即此冬书“公子彄卒”是也。谥法：“小心畏忌曰僖。”是僖为谥也。诸侯之子称公子，公子之子称公孙。公孙之子不得祖诸侯，乃以王父之字为氏。计僖伯之孙始得以臧为氏，今以僖伯之上巳加臧者，盖以僖伯是臧氏之祖，传家追言之也。成十三年传曰：“国之大事，在祀与戎。”故知大事，祀与戎也。必知兼祀者，以下云“鸟兽之肉，不登於俎”故也。刘炫云：“田猎止教戎，而言祀者，猎狩主以祭祀，故并祀言之。下注云：‘俎，祭宗庙器’，见此意也。”
　　○注“言器”至“所起”。
　　○正义曰：车马、旌(jing)旗、衣(yi)服(fu)、刀剑，无(wu)不(bu)(bu)皆(jie)有法度。器用众物不(bu)(bu)入法度，广言之也。器不(bu)(bu)当法，用非其物，则(ze)为不(bu)(bu)轨不(bu)(bu)物，政不(bu)(bu)在君(jun)，则(ze)乱败(bai)之所起也。

故春蒐、夏苗、秋狝、冬狩，蒐，索，择取不孕者。苗，为苗除害也。狝，杀也；以杀为名，顺秋气也。狩，围守也；冬物毕成，获则取之，无所择也。
　　○蒐，所求反，索也。狝，息浅反，《说文(wen)》作<狝土(tu)}。《穀梁传》云：“春(chun)曰田”，“秋曰蒐。”狩，手又反。索，所百(bai)反。孕，以证反，为苗，于伪反。

[疏]注“蒐索”至“择也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《尔雅·释(shi)天》四(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猎(lie)(lie)名(ming)与(yu)(yu)此同(tong)(tong)，说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)如(ru)此注，故(gu)杜依(yi)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·大(da)司马职》：“中(zhong)春教(jiao)振旅”，“遂(sui)以蒐(sou)田(tian)(tian)”；“中(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)教(jiao)茇(ba)舍”，“遂(sui)以苗(miao)(miao)(miao)田(tian)(tian)”；“中(zhong)秋(qiu)(qiu)教(jiao)治兵”，“遂(sui)以狝田(tian)(tian)”；“中(zhong)冬(dong)教(jiao)大(da)阅”，“遂(sui)以狩田(tian)(tian)。”其(qi)名(ming)亦与(yu)(yu)此同(tong)(tong)。郑玄(xuan)解苗(miao)(miao)(miao)田(tian)(tian)与(yu)(yu)此小(xiao)异(yi)，言“择(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)孕任者(zhe)(zhe)，若治苗(miao)(miao)(miao)去(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)秀实者(zhe)(zhe)”。孙炎亦然。桓四(si)年《公羊传》曰(yue)(yue)：“春曰(yue)(yue)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，秋(qiu)(qiu)曰(yue)(yue)蒐(sou)，冬(dong)曰(yue)(yue)狩。”三(san)名(ming)既与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)(li)》异(yi)，又复(fu)夏(xia)(xia)时(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)田(tian)(tian)。《穀梁(liang)(liang)传》曰(yue)(yue)：“四(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，皆(jie)为宗庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)，春曰(yue)(yue)田(tian)(tian)，夏(xia)(xia)曰(yue)(yue)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)，秋(qiu)(qiu)曰(yue)(yue)蒐(sou)，冬(dong)曰(yue)(yue)狩。”皆(jie)与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)(li)》异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)，良由微言既绝，曲辨(bian)妄生。丘明亲受圣师，故(gu)独(du)与(yu)(yu)《礼(li)(li)》合(he)。汉代古学(xue)不(bu)(bu)行，明帝集(ji)诸(zhu)学(xue)士作《白虎通(tong)义》，因《穀梁(liang)(liang)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，曰(yue)(yue)：“王者(zhe)(zhe)、诸(zhu)侯所(suo)以田(tian)(tian)猎(lie)(lie)何(he)(he)？为苗(miao)(miao)(miao)除害，上(shang)以共宗庙(miao)，下以简集(ji)士众也(ye)(ye)。春谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)何(he)(he)？春，岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)，举本(ben)(ben)名(ming)而言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。夏(xia)(xia)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)何(he)(he)？择(ze)其(qi)怀(huai)任者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。秋(qiu)(qiu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蒐(sou)何(he)(he)？蒐(sou)索肥(fei)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狩何(he)(he)？守地(di)而取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。四(si)时(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)，总名(ming)为田(tian)(tian)何(he)(he)？为田(tian)(tian)除害也(ye)(ye)。”案：苗(miao)(miao)(miao)非怀(huai)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，何(he)(he)云(yun)“择(ze)去(qu)(qu)怀(huai)任”？秋(qiu)(qiu)兽尽皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)瘦，何(he)(he)云(yun)“蒐(sou)索取(qu)(qu)(qu)肥(fei)”？虽(sui)名(ming)通(tong)义，义不(bu)(bu)通(tong)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)先儒(ru)皆(jie)依(yi)《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》、《左传》、《尔雅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)而为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，其(qi)名(ming)亦有意焉(yan)。虽(sui)复(fu)春猎(lie)(lie)，获则取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)择(ze)取(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)(bu)孕；夏(xia)(xia)猎(lie)(lie)所(suo)取(qu)(qu)(qu)无多，不(bu)(bu)能(neng)为苗(miao)(miao)(miao)除害。为因时(shi)(shi)异(yi)而变文(wen)耳。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猎(lie)(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)，蔡邕《月令章句》云(yun)：“猎(lie)(lie)者(zhe)(zhe)，捷取(qu)(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)。”

皆於农隙以讲事也。各随时事之间。
　　○隙，去逆反。

[疏]注“各随时事之间”。
　　○正义曰：隙(xi)(xi)训间也(ye)。四仲之月，自是常期。就其月中(zhong)，简选间日。虽则农(nong)月，必有(you)间时，故曰随时事之间也(ye)。仲冬，农(nong)之最(zui)隙(xi)(xi)，故大备礼(li)也(ye)。

三年而治兵，入而振旅，虽四时讲武，犹复三年而大习。出曰治兵，始治其事；入曰振旅，治兵礼毕，整众而还。振，整也。旅，众也。
　　○振，之慎反(fan)，整也。复，扶又反(fan)，下同。

[疏]注“虽四”至“众也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：虽(sui)每年(nian)常四时(shi)讲(jiang)武，犹复(fu)三年(nian)而(er)一(yi)大习(xi)，犹如四时(shi)常祀，三年(nian)而(er)复(fu)为(wei)禘祭，意相类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。出(chu)(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)治(zhi)兵(bing)者(zhe)，以其(qi)初出(chu)(chu)，始治(zhi)其(qi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。入(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)振旅(lv)(lv)者(zhe)，以治(zhi)兵(bing)礼(li)毕，整众而(er)还。振讯是(shi)整理之义(yi)，故振为(wei)整也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“旅(lv)(lv)，众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，《释诂》文。治(zhi)兵(bing)振旅(lv)(lv)，坐(zuo)作(zuo)进退，其(qi)礼(li)皆同。所异(yi)者(zhe)，唯长幼(you)先后耳。《释天(tian)》云：“出(chu)(chu)为(wei)治(zhi)兵(bing)，尚威武也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；入(ru)(ru)为(wei)振旅(lv)(lv)，反(fan)尊(zun)卑(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”孙炎曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“出(chu)(chu)则(ze)幼(you)贱在前，贵勇力也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；入(ru)(ru)则(ze)尊(zun)老(lao)在前，复(fu)常法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”庄(zhuang)八年(nian)《穀梁传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“出(chu)(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)治(zhi)兵(bing)，习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；入(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)振旅(lv)(lv)，习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《公(gong)羊传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“出(chu)(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)治(zhi)兵(bing)，入(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)振旅(lv)(lv)，其(qi)礼(li)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，皆习(xi)战(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，是(shi)其(qi)礼(li)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”何(he)休《公(gong)羊》为(wei)“出(chu)(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)祠兵(bing)”，休云：“杀牲飨士卒。”郑(zheng)玄《诗》笺引《公(gong)羊》亦作(zuo)“治(zhi)兵(bing)”，是(shi)其(qi)所见本异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)治(zhi)兵(bing)振旅(lv)(lv)，亦四时(shi)教(jiao)之，但於三年(nian)大习(xi)，详其(qi)文耳。《周礼(li)》“春教(jiao)振旅(lv)(lv)”、“秋(qiu)教(jiao)治(zhi)兵(bing)”者(zhe)，四时(shi)教(jiao)民各(ge)以其(qi)宜。春即止兵(bing)收众，专心於农；秋(qiu)即缮甲厉兵(bing)，将威不轨(gui)：故异(yi)其(qi)文耳。

归而饮至，以数军实，饮於庙，以数车徒、器械及所获也。
　　○数，所主反，注(zhu)同。械，户戒反。

[疏]注“饮於”至“获也”。
　　○正义曰：桓二(er)(er)年(nian)传(chuan)例曰：“凡公行(xing)，告(gao)于宗庙(miao)，反，行(xing)饮至。”彼饮至在庙(miao)，知此言饮至，亦饮於庙(miao)也(ye)。军(jun)之资实(shi)，唯有车徒(tu)、器(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)，猎则有所(suo)获(huo)(huo)。《诗序·车攻》美宣(xuan)王“脩车马(ma)，备(bei)器(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)”，“因田猎而选(xuan)车徒(tu)”，故(gu)(gu)知数军(jun)实(shi)者(zhe)，数车徒(tu)、器(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)及所(suo)获(huo)(huo)也(ye)。《说文(wen)》云(yun)：“械(xie)(xie)(xie)，器(qi)(qi)之总(zong)名。”虞喜云(yun)：“器(qi)(qi)械(xie)(xie)(xie)谓(wei)铠(kai)甲、兜鍪也(ye)。”宣(xuan)十二(er)(er)年(nian)传(chuan)言：楚国“无日不讨军(jun)实(shi)而申儆之”。襄(xiang)二(er)(er)十四年(nian)传(chuan)曰：“齐社蒐(sou)军(jun)实(shi)，使客(ke)观(guan)之。”二(er)(er)注(zhu)并云(yun)“军(jun)器(qi)(qi)”，不言“车徒(tu)及所(suo)获(huo)(huo)”者(zhe)，彼无猎事，故(gu)(gu)不言也(ye)。

昭(zhao)文章(zhang)，车服旌旗(qi)。

[疏]注“车服旌旗”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼(li)(li)·巾车(che)职(zhi)》曰：“革路建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎(rong)”，“木(mu)路建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麾(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)”。《司(si)(si)服职(zhi)》曰：“凡兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)事，韦弁服”，“凡甸，冠(guan)弁服”。郑玄云：“甸，田(tian)(tian)猎也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”计(ji)田(tian)(tian)猎当乘(cheng)木(mu)路，服冠(guan)弁，但三年(nian)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，乃习兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)，不宜乘(cheng)田(tian)(tian)车(che)，服田(tian)(tian)服，天子盖(gai)(gai)乘(cheng)革路，服韦弁也(ye)(ye)(ye)。在军(jun)(jun)(jun)君臣(chen)同(tong)服，公卿(qing)(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下盖(gai)(gai)亦乘(cheng)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)车(che)、服兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)服也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)，则(ze)尊卑异建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)，为辨(bian)旗(qi)(qi)物，必不建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麾(hui)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)马(ma)职(zhi)》曰：“中秋(qiu)教治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”，“辨(bian)旗(qi)(qi)物之(zhi)用，王载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)，诸侯载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旂(qi)，军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旗(qi)(qi)，师(shi)都载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)<巾亶(dan)>，乡遂(sui)(sui)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物，郊野(ye)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旐(zhao)，百官载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旟”，“遂(sui)(sui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)狝(xian)田(tian)(tian)。”郑玄云：“军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)，诸军(jun)(jun)(jun)帅(shuai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。师(shi)都，遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。乡遂(sui)(sui)，乡大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)<巾亶(dan)>，或载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)物。众(zhong)(zhong)属军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)，无所(suo)将也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郊，谓乡遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)州(zhou)长县正以(yi)(yi)(yi)下也(ye)(ye)(ye)。野(ye)，谓公邑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)。载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旐(zhao)者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)将羡卒也(ye)(ye)(ye)。百官，卿(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旟者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)属卫王也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)，有(you)军(jun)(jun)(jun)众(zhong)(zhong)者画异物，无者帛而已。”然则(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)，当如(ru)《司(si)(si)马(ma)职(zhi)》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。按《司(si)(si)常(chang)(chang)职(zhi)》云：“及国之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)，赞司(si)(si)马(ma)颁旗(qi)(qi)物。王建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)，诸侯建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旂(qi)，孤(gu)卿(qing)(qing)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)<巾亶(dan)>，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)士建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)物，师(shi)都建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旗(qi)(qi)，州(zhou)里(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旟，县鄙建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)旐(zhao)，道车(che)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旞，斿车(che)载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)旌(jing)(jing)。”计(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)，俱是教战，而旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)之(zhi)物所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)不同(tong)者，郑玄云：“凡颁旗(qi)(qi)物，以(yi)(yi)(yi)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)旗(qi)(qi)则(ze)如(ru)秋(qiu)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)尊卑之(zhi)常(chang)(chang)则(ze)如(ru)冬。”“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)备军(jun)(jun)(jun)礼(li)(li)，而旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)不如(ru)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)时空辟实。”然则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阅(yue)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，尊卑之(zhi)常(chang)(chang)；治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，出(chu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)。此(ci)“三年(nian)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”与“秋(qiu)教治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”，其(qi)(qi)名既同(tong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)当不异。故服虔解此(ci)亦引《司(si)(si)马(ma)职(zhi)》文，明是旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)所(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，用秋(qiu)辨(bian)旗(qi)(qi)物之(zhi)法。案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)马(ma)职(zhi)》“教治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”，“王载(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)”，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《巾车(che)》云“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麾(hui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)”，又云“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白以(yi)(yi)(yi)即戎(rong)”者，先儒以(yi)(yi)(yi)为王田(tian)(tian)，春夏(xia)则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)麾(hui)，秋(qiu)冬则(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)常(chang)(chang)，旌(jing)(jing)旗(qi)(qi)所(suo)用虽如(ru)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)时，然王若亲军(jun)(jun)(jun)，则(ze)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)白。

明贵贱，辨等列，等列，行伍。
　　○辨，如字，又方免反，别也。行，户郎反。顺少长，出则少者在前，还则在后，所谓顺也。
　　○少，诗照反，注皆同。长，丁丈反，下注同。习威仪也。鸟兽之肉，不登於俎，俎，祭宗庙器。
　　○鸟(niao)兽之(zhi)肉，一本作(zuo)其肉。俎(zu)，庄吕反。皮(pi)革、齿牙(ya)、骨角、毛(mao)羽，不登於器(qi)，谓以饰法度之(zhi)器(qi)。

[疏]“鸟兽”至“於器”。
　　○正义曰：《说文》云：“革，兽皮治去其毛，革更之。”然则有毛为皮，去毛为革。《周礼》掌皮“秋敛皮，冬敛革”，以其小异，故别时敛之，散文则皮、革通也。颔上大齿谓之为牙。鸟翼长毛谓之为羽。齿、牙、毛、羽各自小异，故历言之也。“登於俎”，谓升俎以共祭。“登於器”，谓在器以为饰。诸器之饰有用此材者。
　　○注“俎，祭宗庙器”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：飨燕(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馔，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用俎，独言宗庙器(qi)(qi)(qi)者，明田猎取禽，主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，若(ruo)止(zhi)共燕(yan)食(shi)，则(ze)公亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)。下(xia)注(zhu)云(yun)“法度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)”，其义亦然(ran)(ran)，非法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，公亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举。登(deng)(deng)(deng)训为(wei)(wei)升。服(fu)虔以(yi)上(shang)“登(deng)(deng)(deng)”为(wei)(wei)“升”，下(xia)“登(deng)(deng)(deng)”为(wei)(wei)“成(cheng)(cheng)”。二“登(deng)(deng)(deng)”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容异训。且云(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)於(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)”，为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辞矣。又器(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)此(ci)物(wu)为(wei)(wei)饰(shi)，宁复(fu)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃成(cheng)(cheng)也？《周礼(li)·惇人》：“凡祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，共其鱼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鲜(xian)薧(kao)。”特牲、少牢，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，皆有(you)鱼为(wei)(wei)俎实。“肉(rou)登(deng)(deng)(deng)於(wu)俎，公则(ze)射(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，而(er)以(yi)观鱼为(wei)(wei)非礼(li)者，此(ci)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登(deng)(deng)(deng)於(wu)俎者，谓(wei)(wei)妄(wang)出游猎，虽取鸟兽，元(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登(deng)(deng)(deng)於(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，亦谓(wei)(wei)盘(pan)游，元(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)取材，以(yi)饰(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)物(wu)。今(jin)公观鱼，乃是游戏，故以(yi)非之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)(ran)登(deng)(deng)(deng)俎、登(deng)(deng)(deng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，虽君所亲，至於(wu)庶(shu)羞杂物(wu)，细小(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦，虽为(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)，亦君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)射(she)(she)。《礼(li)》水土之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)，笾豆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，苟可荐者，莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)咸(xian)在，岂皆公亲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也？刘炫云(yun)：“此(ci)言田猎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，小(xiao)鸟、小(xiao)兽，则(ze)公不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)射(she)(she)。虽讲(jiang)事(shi)而(er)田，尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)射(she)(she)小(xiao)物(wu)，况鱼非讲(jiang)事(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜辄举。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)登(deng)(deng)(deng)俎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)皆公所亲射(she)(she)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)水土云(yun)云(yun)同。

则公不射，古之制也。若夫山林川泽之实，器用之资，皂隶之事，官司之守，非君所及也。”士臣皂，皂臣舆，舆臣隶。言取此杂猥之物以资器备，是小臣有司之职，非诸侯之所亲也。
　　○射，食亦(yi)反(fan)。皂，才(cai)早反(fan)。舆音馀。猥，乌罪反(fan)。

[疏]“若大”至“及也”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：山林之实，谓(wei)材木樵薪之类。川泽(ze)之实，谓(wei)菱芡鱼(yu)蟹之属(shu)。此(ci)皆器(qi)(qi)用之所(suo)资(zi)(zi)，须贱人(ren)之所(suo)守掌，非人(ren)君所(suo)宜亲(qin)(qin)(qin)及之也(ye)。此(ci)虽意谏观(guan)(guan)鱼(yu)，而广言(yan)小事，故注云取此(ci)杂(za)猥(wei)之物以(yi)资(zi)(zi)器(qi)(qi)备，非诸侯所(suo)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)。杂(za)猥(wei)，谓(wei)诸杂(za)猥(wei)碎也(ye)。资(zi)(zi)，谓(wei)器(qi)(qi)之资(zi)(zi)财待此(ci)而备，器(qi)(qi)之所(suo)用及所(suo)盛皆是也(ye)。《穀梁传(chuan)》曰：“《礼》，尊不亲(qin)(qin)(qin)小事，卑不尸大功。鱼(yu)，卑者(zhe)之事也(ye)，公观(guan)(guan)之，非正。”与(yu)此(ci)同也(ye)。若然，《月令(ling)》：季(ji)冬“命渔师始渔，天(tian)子亲(qin)(qin)(qin)往尝鱼(yu)，先荐(jian)寝庙”。彼《礼》“天(tian)子亲(qin)(qin)(qin)往”，此(ci)讥公者(zhe)，彼以(yi)“时鱼(yu)絜美”，取之以(yi)荐(jian)宗庙，特重其事。天(tian)子亲(qin)(qin)(qin)行，意在敬事鬼神，非欲(yu)以(yi)为戏乐。隐公观(guan)(guan)鱼(yu)，志(zhi)在游戏，故讥之也(ye)。

公曰：“吾将略地焉。”孙辞以略地。略，总摄巡行之名。传曰：“东略之不知，西则否矣”。
　　○行，下(xia)孟反。

[疏]注“孙辞”至“否矣”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：僖(xi)九年传(chuan)曰(yue)：“东略之(zhi)不知，西(xi)则(ze)(ze)否(fou)矣(yi)。”又十(shi)六年传(chuan)曰(yue)：“谋鄫且东略也(ye)(ye)。”略者(zhe)，巡(xun)行之(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。公(gong)曰(yue)“吾将(jiang)略地焉(yan)”，言欲案行边竟(jing)，是孙辞(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。若国(guo)竟(jing)之(zhi)内(nei)(nei)，不应讥公(gong)远(yuan)游(you)。且言“远(yuan)地”，明是他竟(jing)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)：“旧说棠(tang)，鲁(lu)地。据传(chuan)公(gong)辞(ci)(ci)欲略地，则(ze)(ze)非鲁(lu)竟(jing)也(ye)(ye)。”《释例·土地名》：“棠(tang)在鲁(lu)部内(nei)(nei)，云本宋地，盖宋、鲁(lu)之(zhi)界上也(ye)(ye)。”

遂往，陈鱼而观之。陈，设张也。公大设捕鱼之备而观之。
　　○捕音步，一音搏。僖伯称疾，不从。书曰“公矢鱼于棠”，非礼也，且言远地也。矢亦陈也。棠，鲁地竟，故曰远地。
　　○从，才用反。竟(jing)音境。

[疏]注“矢亦陈也”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》云(yun)：“矢，陈也”。

曲沃、庄伯以郑人、邢人伐翼，曲沃，晋别封成师之邑，在河东闻喜县。庄伯，成师子也。翼，晋旧都，在平阳绛邑县东。邢国在广平襄国县。
　　○沃(wo)，乌毒反。

[疏]注“曲沃”至“国县”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：《晋(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)侯爵谱(pu)》云：“姬姓(xing)，武王子(zi)唐叔虞之(zhi)后(hou)也。成(cheng)王灭(mie)唐而(er)封(feng)之(zhi)。今(jin)大原晋(jin)(jin)阳县是也。燮(xie)父改之(zhi)曰(yue)晋(jin)(jin)。燮(xie)父孙(sun)成(cheng)侯徙都曲沃，今(jin)河东闻喜县是也。穆(mu)侯徙都绛。鄂侯二(er)(er)年(nian)，鲁隐公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)元年(nian)也。定公(gong)(gong)三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)，获麟之(zhi)岁也。出(chu)公(gong)(gong)八年(nian)，而(er)《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)传终矣(yi)。出(chu)公(gong)(gong)十(shi)七年(nian)卒。自(zi)出(chu)公(gong)(gong)以下，五世，八十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)，而(er)韩、赵(zhao)、魏灭(mie)晋(jin)(jin)也。”《地理志》云：“河东闻喜县，故曲沃也”。“武帝元鼎六年(nian)行(xing)过，改名(ming)。”应劭曰(yue)：“武帝於此闻南越破，改曰(yue)闻喜。”《志》又曰(yue)：“赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)襄国(guo)(guo)县，故邢国(guo)(guo)。”然(ran)则於汉属赵(zhao)国(guo)(guo)，於晋(jin)(jin)属广平。

王使尹氏、武氏助之。翼侯奔随。尹氏、武氏，皆周世族大夫也。晋内相攻伐，不告乱，故不书。传具其事，为后晋事张本。曲沃及翼本末见桓二年。随，晋地。
　　○传(chuan)具，一(yi)本(ben)作(zuo)传(chuan)。见，贤遍(bian)反。

夏，葬卫(wei)桓公。卫(wei)乱(luan)，是以缓。有州吁(yu)之乱(luan)，十四(si)月乃葬。传(chuan)明其非(fei)慢也。

四月，郑人侵卫牧，牧，卫邑。经书“夏四月葬卫桓公”，今传直言夏而更以四月附郑人侵卫牧者，於下事宜得月，以明事之先后，故不复备举经文。三年“君氏卒”，其义亦同，他皆仿此。
　　○牧，州牧之牧，徐音目。以报东门之役。东门役在四年。卫人以燕师伐郑。南燕国，今东郡燕县。
　　○燕，於贤反，国名。

[疏]注“南燕”至“燕县”。
　　○正义曰：燕(yan)(yan)有二国(guo)，一(yi)称北燕(yan)(yan)，故此注言南燕(yan)(yan)以别(bie)之。《世本》：“燕(yan)(yan)国(guo)姞姓(xing)。”《地理志(zhi)》：东郡(jun)燕(yan)(yan)县(xian)，“南燕(yan)(yan)国(guo)，姞姓(xing)，黄帝之后”也。小(xiao)国(guo)无世家(jia)，不知(zhi)其君号谥，唯庄二十燕(yan)(yan)仲父见传耳。

郑祭足、原繁，洩驾以三军军其前，使曼伯与子元潜军军其后。燕人畏郑三军，而不虞制人。北制，郑邑，今河南城皋县也，一名虎牢。
　　○洩，息列反。曼(man)音万。六月，郑二(er)(er)公(gong)子以制人败燕师于(yu)北制。二(er)(er)公(gong)子，曼(man)伯、子元(yuan)也。君子曰(yue)：“不(bu)备不(bu)虞(yu)，不(bu)可以师。”

曲沃叛王。秋，王命虢公伐曲沃，而(er)立(li)哀侯于翼。春(chun)，翼侯奔随，故立(li)其(qi)子光。

卫之乱也，郕人侵卫，故卫师入郕。郕，国也，东平刚父县西南有郕乡。
　　○父音甫。

[疏]注“郕国”至“郕乡”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《史记·管蔡世(shi)家(jia)》称郕叔武(wu)，文王子，武(wu)王之母弟，“后世(shi)无所见(jian)”。既无世(shi)家(jia)，不知其(qi)君号谥。唯(wei)文十二年(nian)郕大子朱儒奔鲁，书曰(yue)“郕伯来(lai)奔”，见(jian)於经、传，则(ze)郕国伯爵也。

九月，考仲(zhong)子之(zhi)宫，将万焉。万，舞也。

[疏]注“万舞也”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：案《公羊传(chuan)》曰：“万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)者(zhe)何(he)？干(gan)舞也。籥者(zhe)何(he)？羽(yu)(yu)舞也。”则万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)与(yu)羽(yu)(yu)不同(tong)(tong)。今传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“将万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)焉(yan)”，“问羽(yu)(yu)数於(wu)众(zhong)仲(zhong)”，是(shi)万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)与(yu)羽(yu)(yu)为(wei)一者(zhe)，万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、羽(yu)(yu)之(zhi)异，自是(shi)《公羊》之(zhi)说。今杜直云(yun)(yun)：“万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)，舞也”，则万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)是(shi)舞之(zhi)大名也。何(he)休云(yun)(yun)：所(suo)以仲(zhong)子之(zhi)庙唯有羽(yu)(yu)舞无(wu)干(gan)舞者(zhe)，“妇人无(wu)武事，独奏(zou)文(wen)乐”也。刘炫云(yun)(yun)：“《公羊传(chuan)》曰万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)者(zhe)云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，籥者(zhe)云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，羽(yu)(yu)者(zhe)为(wei)文(wen)，万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)者(zhe)为(wei)武。武则左执(zhi)朱干(gan)，右秉玉戚；文(wen)则左执(zhi)籥，右秉翟(zhai)。此传(chuan)将万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)问羽(yu)(yu)，即似万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、羽(yu)(yu)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe)，以当此时万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)、羽(yu)(yu)俱作，但将万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)而(er)问羽(yu)(yu)数，非谓羽(yu)(yu)即万(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)也。经直书羽(yu)(yu)者(zhe)，与(yu)传(chuan)互见之(zhi)。”

公问羽数(shu)於众仲。问执羽人数(shu)。对曰：“天子用(yong)八，八八六十(shi)四人。诸侯用(yong)六，六六三十(shi)六人。

[疏]注“六六三十六人”。
　　○正义曰：何休说如此。服虔以(yi)(yi)(yi)“用(yong)六”为六八(ba)四十(shi)八(ba)，大(da)夫“四”为四八(ba)三十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)，士“二(er)(er)(er)”为二(er)(er)(er)八(ba)十(shi)六。杜(du)以(yi)(yi)(yi)舞势宜方，行列既减，即(ji)每行人(ren)数亦宜减，故同何说也(ye)。或以(yi)(yi)(yi)襄十(shi)一(yi)年郑人(ren)赂晋(jin)(jin)侯以(yi)(yi)(yi)“女乐二(er)(er)(er)八(ba)”为二(er)(er)(er)佾(yi)(yi)之乐，知(zhi)自上及(ji)下，行皆八(ba)人(ren)。斯不然矣。彼传见晋(jin)(jin)侯减乐之半以(yi)(yi)(yi)赐魏(wei)绛(jiang)，因(yin)“歌锺二(er)(er)(er)肆(si)”，遂言“女乐二(er)(er)(er)八(ba)”，为下半乐张本耳(er)，非以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)八(ba)为二(er)(er)(er)佾(yi)(yi)。若(ruo)二(er)(er)(er)八(ba)即(ji)是二(er)(er)(er)佾(yi)(yi)，郑人(ren)岂以(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)佾(yi)(yi)之乐赂晋(jin)(jin)侯，晋(jin)(jin)侯岂以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)佾(yi)(yi)之乐赐魏(wei)绛(jiang)？

大夫四，四四十六人。士二，二二四人。士有功，赐用乐。夫舞所以节八音而行八风，八音，金、石、丝、竹、匏、土、革、木也。八风，八方之风也。以八音之器，播八方之风，手之舞之，足之蹈之，节其制而序其情。
　　○八音，金锺(zhong)、石(shi)磬(qing)、丝琴瑟、竹(zhu)箫管、土埙、木(mu)柷(zhu)敔、匏笙、革(ge)鼓也。八方之风(feng)，谓东方谷风(feng)，东南(nan)清明风(feng)、南(nan)方凯风(feng)、西(xi)南(nan)凉风(feng)、西(xi)方阊阖风(feng)、西(xi)北(bei)不周风(feng)、北(bei)方广莫风(feng)、东北(bei)方融风(feng)。匏，白交反(fan)。蹈，徒(tu)报反(fan)。

[疏]“夫舞”至“八风”。
　　○正义曰：舞为乐主，音逐舞节，八音皆奏，而舞曲齐之，故舞所以节八音也。八方风气寒暑不同，乐能调阴阳，和节气。八方风气由舞而行，故舞所以行八风也。
　　○注“八音”至“其情”。
　　○正义曰：八(ba)音(yin)(yin)为“金(jin)、石、土、革(ge)、丝(si)、木、匏(pao)(pao)、竹”，《周礼·大师(shi)职》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄云(yun)：“金(jin)，锺镈也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；石，磬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；土，埙(xun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；革(ge)，鼓(gu)鼗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；丝(si)，琴(qin)瑟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；木，柷敔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；匏(pao)(pao)，笙(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；竹，管箫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”八(ba)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，八(ba)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者，服虔以(yi)(yi)为八(ba)卦之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)；乾音(yin)(yin)石，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)不(bu)周；坎(kan)音(yin)(yin)革(ge)，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)广莫；艮音(yin)(yin)匏(pao)(pao)，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)融(rong)；震音(yin)(yin)竹，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)明(ming)庶(shu)(shu)；巽(xun)音(yin)(yin)木，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)清明(ming)；离音(yin)(yin)丝(si)，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)景；坤音(yin)(yin)土，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)凉；兑音(yin)(yin)金(jin)，其风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)阊阖。《易纬·通卦验》云(yun)：立(li)春(chun)(chun)调风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，春(chun)(chun)分明(ming)庶(shu)(shu)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，立(li)夏(xia)清明(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，立(li)秋凉风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，秋分阊阖风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，立(li)冬(dong)不(bu)周风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)，冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)广莫风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)。风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)体(ti)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，逐(zhu)天气、随八(ba)节而为之(zhi)(zhi)立(li)名(ming)耳。调与融(rong)一(yi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一(yi)名(ming)。昭(zhao)十八(ba)年传曰“是(shi)谓融(rong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”，是(shi)其调、融(rong)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。沈(shen)氏云(yun)：案《乐(le)(le)纬》云(yun)，坎(kan)主(zhu)(zhu)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)，乐(le)(le)用管；艮主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)春(chun)(chun)，乐(le)(le)用埙(xun)；震主(zhu)(zhu)春(chun)(chun)分，乐(le)(le)用鼓(gu)；巽(xun)主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)夏(xia)，乐(le)(le)用笙(sheng)；离主(zhu)(zhu)夏(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)，乐(le)(le)用弦；坤主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)秋，乐(le)(le)用磬；兑主(zhu)(zhu)秋分，乐(le)(le)用锺；乾主(zhu)(zhu)立(li)冬(dong)，乐(le)(le)用柷敔。此八(ba)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)音(yin)(yin)，既有二说，未知孰是(shi)，故两存焉。更说制乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)本，节音(yin)(yin)行(xing)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)意，以(yi)(yi)八(ba)音(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)器，宣播八(ba)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)，使(shi)人(ren)用手以(yi)(yi)舞之(zhi)(zhi)，用足以(yi)(yi)蹈之(zhi)(zhi)，节其礼制，使(shi)不(bu)荒淫，次序人(ren)情(qing)，使(shi)不(bu)蕴(yun)结也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《蟋(xi)蟀(shuai)》诗曰：“无已大康，职思其居(ju)。”是(shi)节其制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。舜歌《南(nan)(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)》曰：“南(nan)(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)时兮(xi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)阜吾(wu)(wu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)财兮(xi)。南(nan)(nan)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)薰兮(xi)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)吾(wu)(wu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)愠(yun)兮(xi)。”是(shi)序其情(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

故自八以下。”唯天子得尽物数，故以八为列。诸侯则不敢用八。公从之。於是初献六羽，始用六佾也。鲁唯文王、周公庙得用八，而他公遂因仍僣而用之。今隐公特立此妇人之庙，详问众仲，众仲因明大典，故传亦因言始用六佾。其后季氏舞八佾於庭，知唯在仲子庙用六。
　　○佾(yi)音逸(yi)。僣，子念反(fan)。

[疏]注“鲁唯”至“用六”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：襄十二年(nian)传(chuan)曰鲁(lu)(lu)为诸姬“临於周(zhou)(zhou)庙(miao)”，是鲁(lu)(lu)立文王之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)也(ye)(ye)。文王，天子自然用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。《礼(li)记·祭统》曰：“昔(xi)者周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)旦有(you)勋劳於天下”，“成王康王”“赐之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重祭”，“朱干、玉戚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舞《大(da)武》，八(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舞《大(da)夏》。此(ci)(ci)天子之(zhi)(zhi)乐也(ye)(ye)，康周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赐鲁(lu)(lu)。”《明(ming)堂位》曰“命鲁(lu)(lu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)世(shi)世(shi)祀周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天子之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)乐”，是周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)曰“始用(yong)(yong)(yong)六(liu)佾(yi)(yi)”，则知以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)。何休云：“僣(tie)(tie)(tie)，齐(qi)也(ye)(ye)。下效上之(zhi)(zhi)辞。”鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)僣(tie)(tie)(tie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)必有(you)所因，故(gu)本其僣(tie)(tie)(tie)之(zhi)(zhi)所由(you)，言由(you)文王、周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)庙(miao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)，他(ta)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)遂因仍(reng)僣(tie)(tie)(tie)而用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。今隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)详问(wen)众仲(zhong)，众仲(zhong)因明(ming)大(da)典(dian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)从其言，於仲(zhong)子之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)初献六(liu)羽，故(gu)传(chuan)亦(yi)因言始用(yong)(yong)(yong)六(liu)佾(yi)(yi)。谓(wei)仲(zhong)子之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)六(liu)佾(yi)(yi)，他(ta)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)则仍(reng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)。至襄、昭之(zhi)(zhi)时，鲁(lu)(lu)犹皆亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)，故(gu)昭二十五年(nian)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》称(cheng)，昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)谓(wei)子家(jia)驹曰：“吾何僣(tie)(tie)(tie)哉(zai)？”答曰：“朱干、玉戚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舞《大(da)夏》，八(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舞《大(da)武》，此(ci)(ci)皆天子之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。”是昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)时僣(tie)(tie)(tie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)减从正(zheng)礼(li)，尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)於经(jing)，若更僣(tie)(tie)(tie)非(fei)礼(li)，无容不(bu)书(shu)(shu)。自此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)后，不(bu)书(shu)(shu)僣(tie)(tie)(tie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)八(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)，知他(ta)庙(miao)僣(tie)(tie)(tie)而不(bu)改，故(gu)杜自明(ming)其证：其后“季氏舞八(ba)(ba)(ba)佾(yi)(yi)於庭”，知唯在仲(zhong)子庙(miao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)六(liu)也(ye)(ye)。

宋人取邾田。邾人告於郑曰：“请君释憾於宋，敝邑为道。”释四年再见伐之恨。
　　○道音导，本亦作导。郑人以王师会之。王师不书，不以告也。伐宋，入其郛，以报东门之役。郛，郭也。东门役在四年。
　　○郛，芳夫反，下同。宋人使来告命。告命，策书。公闻其入郛也，将救之。问於使者曰：“师何及？”对曰：“未及国。”忿公知而故问，责穷辞。
　　○使(shi)，所吏反，下(xia)同。公怒，乃止(zhi)，辞使(shi)者(zhe)曰：“君命(ming)寡人(ren)同恤社稷之(zhi)难，今问诸使(shi)者(zhe)，曰‘师未及国’，非寡人(ren)之(zhi)所敢(gan)知(zhi)也。”为(wei)七年公伐邾传。

冬，十(shi)二月，辛巳，臧僖伯(bo)卒。公曰(yue)(yue)：“叔父有憾於(wu)寡(gua)人，诸侯称同姓大夫，长曰(yue)(yue)伯(bo)父，少曰(yue)(yue)叔父。有恨(hen)，恨(hen)谏观鱼不(bu)听。

[疏]注“诸侯”至“不听”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：《诗·伐木》篇毛传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天子谓(wei)同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)诸(zhu)侯，诸(zhu)侯谓(wei)同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)，皆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)父(fu)(fu)，异姓(xing)(xing)则(ze)称舅。”《觐礼》载天子呼诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)国则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)伯(bo)(bo)父(fu)(fu)，其(qi)异姓(xing)(xing)则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)伯(bo)(bo)舅；同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)小邦则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)，其(qi)异姓(xing)(xing)则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)叔(shu)舅。”然(ran)则(ze)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国有大(da)(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异，大(da)(da)夫(fu)无(wu)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)小，明以年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长少(shao)为异。庄十四年(nian)传(chuan)称郑厉公谓(wei)原(yuan)繁为伯(bo)(bo)父(fu)(fu)。《礼记·祭统》称卫(wei)庄公呼孔(kong)悝为叔(shu)舅。诸(zhu)侯呼异姓(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)为伯(bo)(bo)舅，同(tong)(tong)姓(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)为叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)者(zhe)，虽则(ze)无(wu)文，明亦然(ran)矣。僖伯(bo)(bo)者(zhe)，孝公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子，惠公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟。惠公立四十六年(nian)而薨，则(ze)子臧(zang)此时(shi)年(nian)非幼少(shao)，呼曰(yue)(yue)(yue)叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)者(zhe)，是隐公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲叔(shu)父(fu)(fu)也。此注自言臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)法耳。

寡人弗敢忘。葬之(zhi)加一(yi)等。”加命服之(zhi)等。

宋人伐(fa)郑，围长葛，以(yi)报入郛之役(yi)也。

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