●卷四
弁师掌王之五冕,皆玄冕,朱里,延,纽,(冕服有六,而言五冕者,大裘之冕无旒,不联数也。延,冕之覆,在上,是以名焉。纽,小鼻在武上,笄所贯也。今时冠卷当簪者,广袤以冠纟徙,其旧象与?
○数(shu),所主反(fan)。卷,起全反(fan)。簪,庄林反(fan)。袤,音(yin)茂。纟徙,所买(mai)反(fan),刘霜绮反(fan)。与,音(yin)馀。)
[疏]“弁师”至“延纽”
○释曰:云“皆玄冕者,古者绩麻三十升布,染之,上以玄,下以朱,衣之於冕之上下。云“延”者,即是上玄者。“纽”者,缀於冕,两旁垂之,武两旁作孔,以笄贯之,使得其牢固也。凡冕体,《周礼》无文。叔孙通作《汉礼器制度》,取法於周,今还取彼以释之。按彼文,凡冕以版,广八寸,长尺六寸,以此上玄下朱覆之,乃以五采缫绳贯五采玉,垂於延前后,谓之“邃延”。故《玉藻》云“天子玉藻,前后邃延,龙卷以祭”是也。
○注“冕服”至“象与”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“冕服(fu)有六(liu)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《司服(fu)》祭祀六(liu)服(fu),皆连(lian)冕言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今此惟云(yun)(yun)五(wu)冕者(zhe)(zhe),但此弁师所掌冕,以旒(liu)为(wei)主,祭天(tian)用大裘,取质,其冕亦当无旒(liu)为(wei)质,故(gu)(gu)此不(bu)(bu)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),惟有五(wu)冕耳(er),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)冕”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“延(yan),冕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)覆,在上”,按(an)《玉藻(zao)》注:“延(yan),冕上覆。”言虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)同,义(yi)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)异,皆以玄表覆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在冕上也(ye)。以爵(jue)弁前(qian)(qian)后平,则(ze)得弁称。冕则(ze)前(qian)(qian)低(di)(di)一寸馀(yu),得冕名(ming),冕则(ze)亻免也(ye),以低(di)(di)为(wei)号(hao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“纽,小鼻在武上,笄(ji)(ji)所贯也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),今时冠(guan)卷(juan)当簪(zan)者(zhe)(zhe)。“广袤以冠(guan)纟徙,其旧象(xiang)(xiang)与(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe),古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纽武,笄(ji)(ji)贯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,若今汉时冠(guan)卷(juan)当簪(zan)所贯者(zhe)(zhe),於上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广及随纟徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)袤以冠(guan)纟徙者(zhe)(zhe),贯簪(zan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处,当冠(guan)纟徙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)央。云(yun)(yun)“旧象(xiang)(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe),是周冕垂纽於武,贯笄(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧象(xiang)(xiang)。言“与(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe),以无正文,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“与(yu)”以疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
五采缫十有二,就皆五采玉十有二,玉笄,朱。(缫,杂文之名也。合五采丝为之绳,垂於延之前后,各十二,所谓邃延也。就,成也。绳之每一匝而贯五采玉,十二ヵ则十二玉也。每就间盖一寸。朱,以朱组为也。一条,属两端於武。缫不言皆,有不皆者。此为衮衣之冕十二ヵ,则用玉二百八十八。衣之冕缫九ヵ,用玉二百一十六。毳衣之冕七ヵ,用玉百六十八。希衣之冕五ヵ,用玉百二十。玄衣之冕三ヵ,用玉七十二。
○缫(sao),音早,司农云:“古藻字。”邃,息遂反,刘(liu)诗遂反。ヵ,音留,下同。属,音烛。,必灭反。希(xi),张里反,刘(liu)猪履反。)
[疏]“五采”至“朱”
○释曰:言“五采藻十有二”者,此据衮冕而言,谓合五采丝为藻绳十二道,为十二旒也。“就皆五采玉十有二”者,此各据一旒而言,玉有五色,以青赤黄白黑於一旒之上,以此五色玉贯於藻绳之上,每玉间相去一寸,十二玉则十二寸。就,成也。以一玉为一成,结之,使不相并也。“玉笄朱”者,以玉笄贯之,又以组为,仰属结之也。
○注“缫杂”至“十二”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“缫,杂文”者(zhe),若水草之(zhi)藻(zao)有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)采,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)杂文之(zhi)名也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所谓邃延也”者(zhe),谓《玉(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“绳(sheng)之(zhi)每(mei)一(yi)(yi)匝而(er)贯(guan)五(wu)(wu)采玉(yu)(yu),十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)ヵ则十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)(yu)也”者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)就(jiu)皆(jie)(jie)五(wu)(wu)采玉(yu)(yu)十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er),明十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)(yu)可(ke)知也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)(yi)条(tiao),属(shu)(shu)两(liang)端(duan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)”者(zhe),谓以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)条(tiao)绳(sheng)先属(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)头(tou)(tou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)左旁笄(ji)上,以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)头(tou)(tou)绕於(wu)(wu)(wu)颐下(xia),至(zhi)句上,於(wu)(wu)(wu)右相笄(ji)上绕之(zhi)。是以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)注《士(shi)冠礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)笄(ji)者(zhe)屈组以(yi)(yi)为(wei),垂为(wei)饰(shi)。无笄(ji)者(zhe)缨而(er)结其(qi)条(tiao)。”彼有(you)(you)笄(ji),据(ju)皮弁、爵弁。此(ci)(ci)五(wu)(wu)冕(mian)皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)笄(ji),与彼同。此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)属(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)武(wu)(wu)者(zhe),据(ju)笄(ji)贯(guan)武(wu)(wu),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi),其(qi)实在笄(ji)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“缫不(bu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie),有(you)(you)不(bu)皆(jie)(jie)”者(zhe),谓王之(zhi)五(wu)(wu)冕(mian),缫则有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er),有(you)(you)九(jiu),有(you)(you)七(qi),有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu),有(you)(you)三,其(qi)玉(yu)(yu)旒(liu)(liu)皆(jie)(jie)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er),故(gu)(gu)缫不(bu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie)。有(you)(you)不(bu)皆(jie)(jie)者(zhe),则九(jiu)旒(liu)(liu)已下(xia)是也。玉(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)皆(jie)(jie),则五(wu)(wu)冕(mian)旒(liu)(liu)皆(jie)(jie)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)(yu)也。此(ci)(ci)经十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)旒(liu)(liu),据(ju)衮(gun)冕(mian)而(er)言(yan)(yan),是以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)为(wei)衮(gun)衣(yi)之(zhi)冕(mian)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)旒(liu)(liu)”,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)旒(liu)(liu)旒(liu)(liu)各十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)玉(yu)(yu),前(qian)后二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)四旒(liu)(liu),故(gu)(gu)用二(er)(er)(er)百八十(shi)(shi)八。已下(xia)计(ji)可(ke)知。
诸侯之缫ヵ九就,玉三采,其馀如王之事。缫ヵ皆就,玉,玉笄。(“侯”当为“公”字之误也。三采,朱、白、苍也。其馀,谓延组皆玄覆朱里,与王同也。出此则异。缫ヵ皆就,皆三采也。每缫九成,则九旒也。公之冕用玉百六十二。玉,塞耳者,故书“”作“无”。郑司农云:“缫当为藻,缫古字也,藻今字也,同物同音。无,恶玉名。”
○侯,依注(zhu)音公。,本(ben)又作珉(min),亡贫反。吐练反。无(wu)音无(wu)。)
[疏]“诸侯”至“玉笄”
○释曰:诸公云“缫九就”,又云“缫ヵ皆就”,作文与上言“缫十有二就,皆五采玉十有二”,缫玉别文,则缫有差降,玉无差降。此诸公缫玉同文,则惟有一冕而已,故郑计一冕为九旒,旒各九玉。据冕九旒,不别计冕已下,以其一冕而已。冠五服故也已下侯伯子男,亦皆一冕冠数服也。王不言玉,於此言之者,王与诸侯互见为义,是以王言玄冕朱里延纽及朱,明诸侯亦有之,诸公言玉,明王亦有之,是其互有也。
○注“侯当”至“玉名”
○释曰:郑知“侯”当(dang)为(wei)(wei)“公”者(zhe)(zhe),以下(xia)别(bie)见(jian)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,又此(ci)经(jing)云(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)就(jiu)”,当(dang)上公以九(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)节,故知是公也。知三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)朱(zhu)(zhu)白苍(cang)者(zhe)(zhe),《聘礼记》“公侯伯缫(sao)藉三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai),朱(zhu)(zhu)白苍(cang)”,故知三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)亦朱(zhu)(zhu)白苍(cang)也。云(yun)“出此(ci)则异”者(zhe)(zhe),异谓天子朱(zhu)(zhu),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯当(dang)青组之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,不得(de)与王同也。云(yun)“缫(sao)ヵ皆就(jiu),皆三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)也。每缫(sao)九(jiu)(jiu)成,则九(jiu)(jiu)旒也”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)释有(you)一冕九(jiu)(jiu)旒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也。云(yun)“无(wu),恶玉(yu)(yu)名(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)许(xu)氏《说(shuo)文》:“无(wu),三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)玉(yu)(yu),从玉(yu)(yu)无(wu)声。”以其三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai),又非无(wu),故云(yun)“恶玉(yu)(yu)名(ming)”也。《说(shuo)文》又云(yun):“珉,石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美者(zhe)(zhe),从玉(yu)(yu)民声。”如是,经(jing)云(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)(san)采(cai)(cai)”,当(dang)以无(wu)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng),故先(xian)郑从无(wu)为(wei)(wei)恶玉(yu)(yu)名(ming)也。
王之皮弁,会五采玉基,象邸,玉笄。(故书“会”作“<骨会>。郑司农云:“读如马会之会,谓以五采束发也。《士丧礼》曰:‘桧用组,乃笄。’桧读与<骨会>同,书之异耳。说曰:‘以组束发乃著笄,谓之桧。’沛国人谓反为<骨会>。基读如綦车毂之綦。”玄谓会读如大会之会。会,缝中也。基读如薄借綦之綦。綦,结也。皮弁之缝中,每贯结五采玉十二以为饰,谓之綦。《诗》云“会弁如星”,又曰“其弁伊綦”是也。邸,下柢也,以象骨为之。
○会,刘(liu)古外反(fan),注同(tong),并“<骨会>”、“桧”二字(zi)亦同(tong),或(huo)一音(yin)(yin)(yin)户(hu)外反(fan)。基(ji),音(yin)(yin)(yin)其,本(ben)亦作(zuo)基(ji)。邸,丁(ding)(ding)礼反(fan)。著,张略反(fan)。,本(ben)又作(zuo),音(yin)(yin)(yin)计。綦,音(yin)(yin)(yin)其,下同(tong)。缝,扶用反(fan),下同(tong)。薄,刘(liu)芳恶反(fan)。柢(di),丁(ding)(ding)礼反(fan),刘(liu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)帝。)
[疏]注“故书”至“为之”
○释曰:先(xian)郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“五(wu)采束发”,读(du)经以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皮弁会(hui)(hui)(hui)五(wu)采,引(yin)(yin)《士丧礼(li)》及沛国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,後郑(zheng)皆不从,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)会(hui)(hui)(hui)谓(wei)(wei)缝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先(xian)郑(zheng)读(du)从马会(hui)(hui)(hui),取(qu)(qu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)结之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。又(you)读(du)“基(ji)”如(ru)“车毂(gu)綦(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綦(qi)(qi),直(zhi)取(qu)(qu)音同,未知(zhi)何义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓(wei)(wei)会(hui)(hui)(hui)如(ru)大(da)会(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)(hui)(hui),汉历有大(da)会(hui)(hui)(hui)、小会(hui)(hui)(hui),取(qu)(qu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)缝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)“基(ji)读(du)如(ru)薄(bo)借(jie)綦(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綦(qi)(qi)。綦(qi)(qi),结也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),汉时有“薄(bo)借(jie)綦(qi)(qi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语,故(gu)读(du)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亦取(qu)(qu)结义(yi)(yi),薄(bo)借(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语未闻。云(yun)(yun)“皮弁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),每贯结五(wu)采玉十(shi)二以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)饰(shi),谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綦(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)二为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)节,约同冕旒(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)》“会(hui)(hui)(hui)弁如(ru)星(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe),《卫诗(shi)》,彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“会(hui)(hui)(hui),谓(wei)(wei)弁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),饰(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)玉,而处,状似星(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,与经义(yi)(yi)合,故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“又(you)曰‘其弁伊綦(qi)(qi)’是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),基(ji)既(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)玉,又(you)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)结义(yi)(yi),得两合耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)“邸(di),下柢(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)於(wu)弁内顶上(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)骨为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柢(di)。
王之弁(bian)(bian),弁(bian)(bian)而加(jia)环(huan)。(弁(bian)(bian),王吊所服(fu)也(ye)。其弁(bian)(bian)如(ru)爵(jue)弁(bian)(bian)而素,所谓素冠也(ye)。而加(jia)环(huan),环(huan)者,大如(ru)缌之麻(ma),缠而不(bu)纠。《司服(fu)职(zhi)》曰:“凡(fan)吊事,弁(bian)(bian)服(fu)。”)
[疏]注“弁”至“服”
○释曰:云“弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),王吊(diao)所服(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《司服(fu)(fu)(fu)》文。又《杂记》云“凡弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),其衰侈(chi)袂”,故知(zhi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是王吊(diao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)。云“其弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)如(ru)爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)素(su)(su)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《曾(ceng)子问》云:“麻(ma)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。”郑云:“麻(ma)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe),布弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)而(er)加(jia)环(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)不言麻(ma)者(zhe)(zhe),皆素(su)(su)为之(zhi),故云而(er)素(su)(su)也(ye)(ye)。云“所谓(wei)素(su)(su)冠(guan)”者(zhe)(zhe),《诗(shi)》云“庶见素(su)(su)冠(guan)兮”,彼素(su)(su)冠(guan)谓(wei)祥(xiang)冠(guan),与此(ci)虽义(yi)别,同(tong)是素(su)(su)为之(zhi)。云“而(er)加(jia)环(huan)(huan)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)先(xian)著素(su)(su)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)於下,乃上加(jia)环(huan)(huan),故云加(jia)也(ye)(ye)。“环(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe),大如(ru)缌之(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),缌麻(ma),五(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)轻(qing)者(zhe)(zhe),吊(diao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)乃五(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)外,故约(yue)同(tong)之(zhi)。但缌之(zhi)则两股(gu),此(ci)环(huan)(huan)以一股(gu),缠之(zhi)不纠,粗细同(tong)耳。引《司服(fu)(fu)(fu)》者(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)是吊(diao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)。
诸侯及孤卿大夫之冕、韦弁、皮弁、弁,各以其等为之,而掌其禁令。(各以其等,缫ヵ玉基如其命数也。冕则侯伯缫七就,用玉九十八。子男缫五就,用玉五十,缫玉皆三采。孤缫四就,用玉三十二。三命之卿缫三就,用玉十八。再命之大夫藻再就,用玉八,藻玉皆朱绿。韦弁、皮弁则侯伯基饰七,子男基饰五,玉亦三采。孤则基饰四,三命之卿基饰三,再命之大夫基饰二,玉亦二采。弁之弁,其辟积如冕缫之就然。庶人吊者素委貌。一命之大夫冕而无ヵ,士变冕为爵弁。其韦弁皮弁之会无结饰,弁之弁不辟积。禁令者,不得相僭逾也。《玉藻》曰:“君未有命,不敢即乘服。”不言冠弁,冠弁兼於韦弁、皮弁矣。不言服弁,服弁自天子以下,无饰无等。
○辟积,必(bi)亦反,刘传(chuan)历(li)反,下(xia)同(tong)。)
[疏]“诸侯”至“禁令”
○释曰:“诸侯”者,上已言公,则此诸侯谓侯伯子男。云“及孤卿大夫”者,此文既承诸侯之下,故郑以为诸侯之孤卿大夫解之也。既不别见天子之臣,文中可以兼之。上天子与公不言韦弁,此言之,亦是互见之义。云各以其等为之,不言爵而言等,则依命数矣。
○注“各以”至“无等”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“各以其等(deng)(deng)谓藻(zao)(zao)(zao)旒(liu)(liu)玉基如(ru)(ru)(ru)其命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“冕(mian)(mian)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)旒(liu)(liu);经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)基;如(ru)(ru)(ru)其命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数,释经(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“等(deng)(deng)”也(ye)(ye)。侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)子(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian),亦(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)冕(mian)(mian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)公(gong)矣(yi)。侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)子(zi)男缫(sao)(sao)玉皆(jie)三(san)采者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)约《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)记》“藻(zao)(zao)(zao)三(san)采,朱白苍”而(er)(er)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已下,皆(jie)据(ju)(ju)《典命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)》公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤(gu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),公(gong)侯(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),其大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)二(er)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),子(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)言(yan)。二(er)采朱绿,亦(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)《聘(pin)(pin)礼(li)记》“聘(pin)(pin)臣藻(zao)(zao)(zao)皆(jie)二(er)采朱绿”而(er)(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),其辟(pi)(pi)积(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)冕(mian)(mian)缫(sao)(sao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就然”者(zhe),以其吊(diao)服(fu)(fu)非吉,故(gu)(gu)(gu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)饰(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)辟(pi)(pi)积(ji)有(you)就也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶(shu)人(ren)吊(diao)者(zhe)素委貌”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庶(shu)人(ren),郑园此(ci)(ci)者(zhe),以有(you)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已上(shang)(shang),因(yin)言(yan)庶(shu)人(ren),且(qie)欲从下向(xiang)上(shang)(shang),因(yin)推出士(shi)变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)冕(mian)(mian)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)亦(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)文,郑知(zhi)然者(zhe),凡(fan)冕(mian)(mian)旒(liu)(liu)所以为(wei)(wei)文饰(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)若(ruo)有(you),则(ze)止一(yi)(yi)(yi)旒(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)玉而(er)(er)已,非华美(mei)。又见一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)衣无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)章,士(shi)又避之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。若(ruo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)有(you)旒(liu)(liu),士(shi)则(ze)不(bu)须变冕(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),直服(fu)(fu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)矣(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)制如(ru)(ru)(ru)冕(mian)(mian),但(dan)(dan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)异,则(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)亦(yi)(yi)与爵弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不(bu)殊。得(de)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)者(zhe),但(dan)(dan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)亦(yi)(yi)前低一(yi)(yi)(yi)寸馀,故(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)(yi)得(de)冕(mian)(mian)名也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“韦弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)结,饰(shi)(shi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)不(bu)辟(pi)(pi)积(ji)”者(zhe),一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)士(shi)冕(mian)(mian)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)既无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)旒(liu)(liu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)等(deng)(deng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禁令者(zhe),不(bu)得(de)相(xiang)僭(jian)(jian)逾”,而(er)(er)引《玉藻(zao)(zao)(zao)》“君未有(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),不(bu)敢即(ji)乘服(fu)(fu)”者(zhe),彼诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)聘(pin)(pin)於天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冕(mian)(mian)服(fu)(fu),归国告君,得(de)君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)乃服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),未得(de)君命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)僭(jian)(jian)逾,故(gu)(gu)(gu)引为(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)言(yan)冠(guan)(guan)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),冠(guan)(guan)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)兼(jian)(jian)於韦弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)矣(yi)”者(zhe),玄冠(guan)(guan),缫(sao)(sao)布衣,缫(sao)(sao)带,素跸(bi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)以为(wei)(wei)田服(fu)(fu),即(ji)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)及(ji)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝服(fu)(fu),亦(yi)(yi)皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。不(bu)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),兼(jian)(jian)於韦弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)、皮弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)言(yan)服(fu)(fu)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)”,服(fu)(fu)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)即(ji)衰丧服(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),自天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)以下,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)饰(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)”者(zhe),则(ze)丧服(fu)(fu)自天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)达(da)士(shi),共一(yi)(yi)(yi)章是也(ye)(ye)。自此(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)(jing),总包(bao)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)及(ji)臣,不(bu)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣,但(dan)(dan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)三(san)公(gong)八命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),卿六命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),士(shi)三(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以下,冕(mian)(mian)弁(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属亦(yi)(yi)各以其等(deng)(deng)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)知(zhi)。
司甲(阙)。
司兵掌五兵、五盾,各辨其物与其等,以待军事。(五盾,干橹之属,其名未尽闻也。等谓功沽上下。郑司农云:“五兵者,戈、殳、戟、酋矛、夷矛。”
○橹,音鲁。)
[疏]“司兵”至“军事”
○释曰:言“各辨其物与其等”者,五兵五盾,各有物色与其善恶、长短、大小之等。云“以待军事”者,按此下有舞者兵及五兵,直云“以待军事”者,五兵五盾以军事为主故也。
○注“五盾”至“夷矛”
○释曰:郑云(yun)“五(wu)盾,干(gan)橹(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)属,其(qi)名(ming)未尽(jin)闻也(ye)”者(zhe),按《祭统》云(yun)“朱干(gan)玉戚以(yi)舞(wu)《大武》”,《秦诗》云(yun)“蒙伐(fa)有(you)苑(yuan)”,注云(yun)“伐(fa),中干(gan)”,《左氏传》“建大车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)轮以(yi)为(wei)橹(lu),而当一队(dui)”,则有(you)朱干(gan)、中干(gan)及(ji)橹(lu),闻其(qi)三者(zhe),二者(zhe)未闻,故云(yun)其(qi)名(ming)未尽(jin)闻也(ye)。云(yun)“等谓(wei)功(gong)沽上(shang)下”者(zhe),功(gong)谓(wei)善(shan)者(zhe),为(wei)上(shang)等。沽谓(wei)粗(cu)恶者(zhe),为(wei)下等也(ye)。必知有(you)此法者(zhe),见《槁人(ren)职》云(yun)“书其(qi)等以(yi)飨(xiang)工,乘其(qi)事,试(shi)其(qi)弓弩(nu),以(yi)下上(shang)其(qi)食”,明(ming)兵(bing)(bing)盾亦当然。先郑云(yun)“五(wu)兵(bing)(bing)者(zhe),戈、殳(shu)、戟、酋矛、夷矛”者(zhe),此谓(wei)车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)兵(bing)(bing),故下注云(yun)“车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)兵(bing)(bing),司农所(suo)云(yun)者(zhe)是也(ye)”。
及授兵,从司马之法以颁之。及其受兵输,亦如之。及其用兵,亦如之。(从司马之法,令师旅卒两人数所用多少也。兵输,谓师还有司还兵也。用兵,谓出给卫守。
○卒(zu),子(zi)忽(hu)反,下同。)
[疏]注“司马”至“卫守
○释曰(yue):云“授兵(bing)从(cong)(cong)司(si)马(ma)之法(fa)”者,司(si)马(ma)主六(liu)军,是(shi)一官之长,先受於王命,知(zhi)多少(shao),乃始出军,故从(cong)(cong)司(si)马(ma)法(fa)以(yi)颁之。郑(zheng)知(zhi)用兵(bing)是(shi)出给卫(wei)守(shou)者,以(yi)其(qi)既(ji)言(yan)授兵(bing),下别言(yan)用兵(bing),明是(shi)卫(wei)守(shou)之处须兵(bing)者也。
祭祀,授舞者兵。(授以朱干玉戚(qi)之属(shu)。)
[疏]注“授以”至“之属”
○释曰:郑知此(ci)兵(bing)是“朱干玉(yu)戚(qi)”者(zhe),《祭统》云:“朱干玉(yu)戚(qi)以舞《大(da)武(wu)(wu)》”,则《大(da)武(wu)(wu)》用朱干玉(yu)戚(qi)矣。又(you)按下《司(si)戈盾(dun)》云:“祭祀,授旅贲殳,故士戈盾(dun)。”司(si)兵(bing)尊於司(si)戈盾(dun),明所授兵(bing)据以《大(da)武(wu)(wu)》朱干玉(yu)戚(qi)也。其司(si)干所授者(zhe),又(you)是羽之等,非干戚(qi)可知也。
大丧,五兵。(故书“”为“淫”。郑司农云:“淫,陈也。淫读为。”玄谓,兴也。兴作明器之役器五兵也。《士丧礼》下篇有甲胄干笮。
○,虚金反(fan)(fan)。兴,虚应(ying)反(fan)(fan),下同。笮,字又作﹂,侧白反(fan)(fan),刘丑伯反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“故书”至“干笮”
○释(shi)曰:先郑一(yi)部之(zhi)内,“”皆从“淫”,故云淫为(wei)陈。後郑皆不从者,以(yi)为(wei)兴(xing)解(jie)之(zhi)者,见《司服》云“大丧(sang),共其复衣(yi)服、敛衣(yi)服,掌其陈序”,《圉(yu)人职》云“凡(fan)宾客、丧(sang)纪,牵马而入陈。马亦如之(zhi)”。以(yi)此(ci)言(yan)之(zhi),陈既(ji)(ji)(ji)别,则不得为(wei)陈,以(yi)兴(xing)象(xiang)为(wei)义也(ye)(ye)。云“兴(xing)作明器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)役器(qi)(qi)五兵(bing)也(ye)(ye)”者,按(an)《既(ji)(ji)(ji)夕(xi)(xi)礼》,明器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)用器(qi)(qi)有弓(gong)矢,役器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)内甲(jia)胄(zhou)干(gan)笮。彼(bi)虽不具五兵(bing),此(ci)既(ji)(ji)(ji)言(yan)五兵(bing),明五者皆有也(ye)(ye)。故郑引(yin)《士丧(sang)礼下(xia)篇》甲(jia)胄(zhou)干(gan)笮为(wei)证。言(yan)《士丧(sang)礼下(xia)篇》,即《既(ji)(ji)(ji)夕(xi)(xi)礼》也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)《士丧(sang)礼下(xia)篇》者,以(yi)其《士丧(sang)》论葬事,《士丧(sang)》与《既(ji)(ji)(ji)夕(xi)(xi)》二(er)篇同有记,皆在《既(ji)(ji)(ji)夕(xi)(xi)篇》下(xia),故二(er)篇连言(yan)之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。按(an)彼(bi)注,笮谓矢服也(ye)(ye)。
军事,建车之(zhi)(zhi)五兵。会同亦如之(zhi)(zhi)。(车之(zhi)(zhi)五兵,郑(zheng)司农(nong)所云(yun)者是也。步卒之(zhi)(zhi)五兵,则无夷矛,而有(you)弓矢。)
[疏]“军事”至“如之”
○释曰:云“建车之五兵”者,凡器在车,皆有铁器屈之,在车较及舆,以兵插而建之,故有出先刃、入後刃之事。
○注“郑司”至“弓矢”
○释曰(yue):“郑(zheng)司农所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)者是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”,即(ji)上文注(zhu)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。必知如先郑(zheng)义者,见《考(kao)工(gong)记(ji)·庐人》云(yun)(yun):“戈、殳、戟、酋矛、夷矛乃云(yun)(yun)六建既备,车不反覆。”注(zhu)“六建,五兵与人也(ye)(ye)”。以是(shi)(shi)故(gu)从司农所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“步(bu)卒(zu)之(zhi)五兵,则无夷矛而有弓矢”者,即(ji)《司右》注(zhu)引(yin)《司马法(fa)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)者是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。有弓矢是(shi)(shi)能用(yong)五兵者,若前(qian)驱所(suo)(suo)(suo)建则有四兵,故(gu)《诗》云(yun)(yun)“伯也(ye)(ye)执殳,为(wei)王前(qian)驱”,注(zhu)引(yin)《考(kao)工(gong)记(ji)》车有六等之(zhi)数,除(chu)轸(zhen)与人四兵为(wei)证是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
司戈盾(dun)(dun)掌戈盾(dun)(dun)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)而颁之(zhi)(zhi)。(分(fen)与授用。)
[疏]注“分与授用”
○释(shi)曰(yue):“分与授用”者,即(ji)下文祭祀会同之等皆是。
祭祀,授旅贲殳、故(gu)士(shi)戈盾,授舞者(zhe)兵亦如之。(亦颁之也(ye)。故(gu)士(shi),王(wang)族(zu)故(gu)士(shi)也(ye),与旅贲当事则卫王(wang)也(ye)。殳如杖,长寻有四尺。)
[疏]注“亦颁”至“四尺”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“故士(shi)(shi)王(wang)族故士(shi)(shi)”者(zhe),据《司士(shi)(shi)》而言。云(yun)(yun)“与旅贲当(dang)事则卫王(wang)”者(zhe),按(an)旅贲氏掌执(zhi)戈(ge)盾而趋,此执(zhi)殳(shu)者(zhe),以其与故士(shi)(shi)同卫王(wang)时,以为仪卫,故不(bu)执(zhi)戈(ge)盾。知“殳(shu)如(ru)杖”者(zhe),庐人所(suo)为,不(bu)见有(you)刃,故知如(ru)杖。知“寻(xun)有(you)四尺”者(zhe),车有(you)六等,云(yun)(yun)殳(shu)长寻(xun)有(you)四尺,崇於人四尺也。
军旅、会同,授贰车戈盾,建乘车之戈盾,授旅贲及虎士戈盾。(乘车,王所乘车也。军旅则革路,会同则金路。
○乘,绳证(zheng)反,後“乘马”、“陪乘”、“参乘”皆准此,注“王所乘车”依字(zi)读(du)。)
[疏]“军旅”至“戈盾”
○释曰:军旅会同皆贰车,贰皆有车右,故授之以戈盾。云“乘车之戈盾”者,王所乘车有车右,故建戈盾。“授旅贲氏及虎士戈盾”者,卫王故也。
○注“乘车”至“则金路”
○释曰:军旅乘(cheng)革路,会同(tong)(tong)乘(cheng)金路,皆《巾车》文。会同(tong)(tong)则彼以宾,一也。
及舍,设藩盾,行则敛之。(舍,止也。藩盾,盾可以藩卫者,如今之扶苏与?
○与,音馀。)
[疏]注“舍止”至“苏与”
○释曰:按《掌舍(she)》,王(wang)行止住不言设藩盾者(zhe),当宿卫之事,非止一重,除彼┕互(hu)车宫之外,别有(you)此(ci)藩盾之等也。云“如(ru)今(jin)扶苏”者(zhe),举汉法以况之也。
司弓矢掌六弓四弩八矢之法,辨其名物,而掌其守藏与其出入。(法,曲直长短之数。
○守(shou),刘于又反,亦(yi)如字,下(xia)“攻守(shou)”同。藏,才浪反,沈如字。)
[疏]“司弓”至“出入”
○释曰:此经与下为目。“辨其名物”者,六弓八矢,各有名号物色,出入者颁之受之。
○注“法曲”至“之数”
○释曰:“曲(qu)直”者(zhe)(zhe),谓若“王弓弧弓合九成规”,已下(xia)或合七、合五(wu)、合三(san),是曲(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)合少,直者(zhe)(zhe)合多。“长短”者(zhe)(zhe),《弓人》云:“弓之上制,六(liu)(liu)尺(chi)六(liu)(liu)寸,中制六(liu)(liu)尺(chi)三(san)寸,下(xia)制六(liu)(liu)尺(chi)。”是其长短也。
中春献弓弩,中秋献矢ゅ。(弓弩成於和,矢ゅ成於坚。ゅ,盛矢器也,以兽皮为之。
○中,音(yin)仲,下同。ゅ,音(yin)服,《诗》云:“象弭鱼服。”盛,音(yin)成。)
[疏]注“弓弩”至“为之”
○释曰:矢ゅ兽皮为之(zhi)者,按《诗》云“象弭鱼ゅ”,虽不言(yan)用兽,盖鱼之(zhi)似兽者为之(zhi)。若(ruo)然,此兽则鱼形也(ye)(ye)。惟有《国(guo)语》云“弧箕(ji)ゅ”,不用兽皮也(ye)(ye)。
及其颁之,王弓、弧弓以授射甲革、椹质者,夹弓、庾弓以授射犴侯、鸟兽者,唐弓、大弓以授学射者、使者、劳者。(王、弧、夹、庾、唐、大六者,弓异体之名也。往体寡,来体多,曰王、弧。往体多,来体寡,曰夹、庾。往体来体若一,曰唐、大。甲革,革甲也。《春秋传》曰:“蹲甲射之。”质,正也。树椹以为射正。射甲与椹,试弓习武也。犴侯五十步,及射鸟兽,皆近射也。近射用弱弓,则射大侯者用王、弧,射参侯者用唐、大矣。学射者弓用中,後习强弱则易也。使者、劳者弓亦用中,远近可也。劳者,勤劳王事,若晋文侯、文公受王弓矢之赐者。故书椹为艮,郑司农云:“椹字或作艮,非是也。《圉师职》曰:‘射则充椹质。’又此《司弓矢职》曰:‘泽共射椹质之弓矢。’言射椹质自有弓,谓王、弧弓也。以此观之,言艮质者非。”
○射甲,食亦反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)以意求之。椹,张林反(fan)(fan)(fan)。夹,占洽反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘(liu)古协反(fan)(fan)(fan)。庾(yu),师(shi)儒(ru)相(xiang)传读(du)庚,本(ben)或作庾(yu)。犴,音(yin)(yin)岸,又音(yin)(yin)雁。使者,所吏反(fan)(fan)(fan),注同。蹲,音(yin)(yin)存(cun),刘(liu)才官(guan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。参,素感反(fan)(fan)(fan)。易,以豉反(fan)(fan)(fan)。艮(gen),户根反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)魂,或胡本(ben)反(fan)(fan)(fan),李音(yin)(yin)艮(gen),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)居(ju)言反(fan)(fan)(fan),又音(yin)(yin)很(hen)。)
[疏]“及其”至“劳者”
○释曰:此经六弓,强弱相对,而言王、弧直,往体寡,夹、庾曲,往体多,故四者自对先自,唐、大往来若一,故退之在後也。
○注“王弧”至“者非”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“六者(zhe),弓异体(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),即所(suo)引(yin)弓人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职往体(ti)来(lai)体(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)也(ye)(ye),此据体(ti)而言。若以(yi)(yi)色而言,即《春秋》、《尚书》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)彤弓、弓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“甲(jia)革,革甲(jia)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),欲(yu)见(jian)甲(jia)以(yi)(yi)革为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其实一物也(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《春秋传》者(zhe),事(shi)在成十六年(nian)(nian),楚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)养由基善射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。云(yun)(yun)“质,正也(ye)(ye)。树椹以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)正”者(zhe),谓若宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正然也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)甲(jia)与椹试弓习(xi)武也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),见(jian)《圉人》云(yun)(yun)“泽则(ze)共椹质”,是(shi)在泽宫中(zhong)试弓习(xi)武也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“犴侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五十步,及射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)鸟兽,皆近射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)。近射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)用(yong)弱(ruo)弓,则(ze)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)大(da)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)用(yong)王、弧(hu),射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)参侯(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)用(yong)唐、大(da)矣”者(zhe),此据诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若据天子,则(ze)用(yong)王、弧(hu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)虎侯(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)唐、大(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)熊侯(hou)(hou)(hou),用(yong)夹、庾射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)豹侯(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“学射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)弓用(yong)中(zhong),後习(xi)强(qiang)弱(ruo)则(ze)易也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),用(yong)中(zhong),谓唐、大(da)往来(lai)体(ti)如一,是(shi)中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“使(shi)者(zhe)、劳(lao)者(zhe)弓亦用(yong)中(zhong),远近可也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),使(shi)有远有近皆可也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“劳(lao)者(zhe),勤劳(lao)王事(shi),若晋文侯(hou)(hou)(hou)”者(zhe),谓《文侯(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)》赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)彤弓、旅(lv)(lv)弓是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“文公(gong)”者(zhe),谓僖二(er)十八年(nian)(nian),晋文公(gong)败楚於(wu)城(cheng)濮,襄王赐(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)彤弓、旅(lv)(lv)弓是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
其矢ゅ皆从其弓。(从弓数也。每弓者一ゅ百矢。)
[疏]注“从弓”至“百矢”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“从(cong)弓(gong)(gong)数也(ye)(ye)”者,以经(jing)云(yun)(yun)“矢(shi)ゅ皆(jie)从(cong)其弓(gong)(gong)”,故知从(cong)弓(gong)(gong)数也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“每弓(gong)(gong)者一ゅ百(bai)矢(shi)”者,按《文侯之命》及僖二十(shi)八(ba)年晋文公受弓(gong)(gong)矢(shi),皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)“彤(tong)弓(gong)(gong)一,彤(tong)矢(shi)百(bai)”,虽是所(suo)赐(ci)之弓(gong)(gong)矢(shi),射(she)之弓(gong)(gong)矢(shi)约同之。按《诗·颂》云(yun)(yun)“束(shu)矢(shi)其搜”,毛注云(yun)(yun)“五十(shi)矢(shi)为(wei)(wei)束(shu)”,郑从(cong)之。至此为(wei)(wei)百(bai)矢(shi)者,无正文,郑两(liang)从(cong)不定也(ye)(ye)。
凡弩,夹、庾利攻守,唐、大利车战、野战。(攻城垒者与其自守者相迫近,弱弩发疾也。车战、野战,进退非强则不及。弩无王、弧,王、弧恒服弦,往体少者,使矢不疾。
○攻(gong),如字,刘(liu)音贡。强(qiang),其(qi)丈反,又其(qi)良反。)
[疏]注“攻城”至“不疾”
○释曰:云(yun)“攻城垒(lei)(lei)(lei)”者(zhe),城谓(wei)城郭,垒(lei)(lei)(lei)谓(wei)军壁,若(ruo)宣公十二年云(yun)“御靡旌壁垒(lei)(lei)(lei)而还(hai)”之(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)。云(yun)“与(yu)其(qi)(qi)自守”者(zhe),即(ji)城垒(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)。云(yun)“弩(nu)无(wu)王弧(hu),王弧(hu)恒服(fu)弦(xian)(xian)”者(zhe),按上弓有(you)(you)六(liu)等(deng),有(you)(you)王、弧(hu),至此(ci)弩(nu),以(yi)有(you)(you)夹、庾(yu)等(deng)四种,故云(yun)“弩(nu)无(wu)王、弧(hu)”也(ye)。“恒服(fu)弦(xian)(xian)”者(zhe),若(ruo)弓用则(ze)服(fu)弦(xian)(xian),不(bu)用则(ze)弛。惟弩(nu)则(ze)用与(yu)不(bu)用,一张之(zhi)後,竟不(bu)弛,故云(yun)恒服(fu)弦(xian)(xian)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,恒服(fu)弦(xian)(xian)用弱(ruo)者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)强弓久不(bu)弛则(ze)就弦(xian)(xian),弱(ruo)则(ze)随(sui)体(ti)(ti)不(bu)就弦(xian)(xian)也(ye)。又王、弧(hu)往体(ti)(ti)少(shao),使之(zhi)恒服(fu)弦(xian)(xian),则(ze)使矢(shi)不(bu)疾,故不(bu)用也(ye)。
凡矢,枉矢、矢利火射,用诸守城、车战,杀矢、钅侯矢用诸近射、田猎,矢、矢用诸弋射,恒矢、Φ矢用诸散射。(此八矢者,弓弩各有四焉。枉矢杀矢、矢、恒矢,弓所用也。矢、钅侯矢、矢、庳矢,弩所用也。枉矢者,取名变星,飞行有光,今之飞矛是也,或谓之兵。矢矢象焉。二者皆可结火以射敌、守城、车战。前於重後微轻,行疾也。杀矢,言中则死。钅侯矢象焉,钅侯之言候也。二者皆可以司候射敌之近者及禽兽,前尤重,中深,而不可远也。结缴於矢谓之。,高也。矢象焉,之言弗刂也。二者皆可以弋飞鸟,弗刂罗之也。前於重,又微轻,行不低也。《诗》云:“弋凫与雁。”恒矢,安居之矢也。Φ矢象焉。二者皆可以散射也,谓礼射及习射也。前後订,其行平也。凡矢之制,枉矢之属五分,二在前,三在後。杀矢之属参分,一在前,二在後。矢之属七分,三在前,四在後。恒矢之属轩辋中,所谓志也。郑司农云:“庳矢,读为人罢短之罢玄谓庳读如Φ病之Φ,Φ之言伦比。
○枉,纡往(wang)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,刘(liu)(liu)苦结反(fan)(fan)(fan),又音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)结,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)户结反(fan)(fan)(fan),弩(nu)矢(shi)(shi)也。钅侯,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)候,刘(liu)(liu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)侯,弩(nu)矢(shi)(shi)。,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)增。,刘(liu)(liu)扶弗反(fan)(fan)(fan),李(li)一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)孚忽反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)孛攵,或音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)弗,弩(nu)矢(shi)(shi)。Φ,方二(er)(er)反(fan)(fan)(fan),弩(nu)矢(shi)(shi)。散(san),素(su)旦反(fan)(fan)(fan),注同。中(zhong),丁仲(zhong)反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)“中(zhong)深”、“射中(zhong)”同。缴,章药反(fan)(fan)(fan)。弗刂(dao),孚物反(fan)(fan)(fan)。订(ding),李(li)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)亭(ting),吕沈同,刘(liu)(liu)当定(ding)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。周,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)周,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)定(ding)周反(fan)(fan)(fan)。Φ,方二(er)(er)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。比,毗志(zhi)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“此八矢者”至“言伦比”
○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue):郑(zheng)知此(ci)八(ba)(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)各有(you)(you)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)六弓(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)俱(ju)陈,於(wu)(wu)下(xia)总列八(ba)(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),则(ze)知八(ba)(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)所(suo)设,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)属(shu)弓(gong)(gong)(gong),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)属(shu)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。八(ba)(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)两两相(xiang)(xiang)附,必知在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)属(shu)弓(gong)(gong)(gong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)属(shu)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)(wen)六弓(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)还以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)配(pei)弓(gong)(gong)(gong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)下(xia)配(pei)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取名(ming)变星(xing),飞(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)光(guang),今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飞(fei)(fei)矛(mao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弧旌枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)弧也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,按(an)(an)《孝经纬·援神契》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)慝(ni)”。《考异邮》曰(yue):“枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)精,状如流(liu)星(xing),蛇行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)尾(wei)见。”《天文(wen)(wen)志》曰(yue):“枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),状大(da)流(liu)星(xing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)状变之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing),行(xing)(xing)(xing)时有(you)(you)光(guang)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),取名(ming)变星(xing),飞(fei)(fei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)(you)光(guang)”。汉时名(ming)此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)飞(fei)(fei)矛(mao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)职(zhi)》文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)轻(qing)(qing)重(zhong)象(xiang)(xiang)枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)(ke)结(jie)(jie)火(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)敌、守城、车战”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)职(zhi)》注(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)枉(wang)、二(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)俱(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)兵矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)重(zhong)後(hou)(hou)(hou)微轻(qing)(qing),行(xing)(xing)(xing)疾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)分(fen)(fen)一在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),二(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)枉(wang)、二(er)(er)(er)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)五分(fen)(fen),二(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),三(san)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)前(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)重(zhong)又微轻(qing)(qing),微轻(qing)(qing)对(dui)己下(xia)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、恒矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等为(wei)(wei)(wei)最轻(qing)(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杀(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),言(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则(ze)死(si)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解称杀(sha)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)最重(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则(ze)死(si)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“钅侯矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)尤重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“二(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)司候射(she)(she)(she)(she)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)及(ji)禽兽(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)(shi)经用“诸近射(she)(she)(she)(she)田猎”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)尤重(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深,而不可(ke)(ke)远(yuan)(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)三(san)分(fen)(fen)一在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),二(er)(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)尤重(zhong)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)杀(sha),名(ming)不可(ke)(ke)远(yuan)(yuan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)近射(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“结(jie)(jie)缴於(wu)(wu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。,高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),缴则(ze)绳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)(wei)结(jie)(jie)绳於(wu)(wu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弋射(she)(she)(she)(she)鸟兽(shou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。言(yan)高(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲取向上(shang)(shang)(shang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)飞(fei)(fei)鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)结(jie)(jie)缴为(wei)(wei)(wei)射(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)弗(fu)刂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),二(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弋飞(fei)(fei)鸟,弗(fu)刂罗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),解结(jie)(jie)缴以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)罗取而弗(fu)刂杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)於(wu)(wu)重(zhong)又微轻(qing)(qing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)又对(dui)枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五分(fen)(fen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong),此(ci)於(wu)(wu)五分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong),又微轻(qing)(qing)於(wu)(wu)彼,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)分(fen)(fen)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。引(yin)《诗》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证弋是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取禽鸟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恒矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),安(an)(an)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《弓(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)》有(you)(you)“其(qi)(qi)人(ren)安(an)(an)”、“其(qi)(qi)弓(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)”、“其(qi)(qi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen),则(ze)此(ci)恒矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轩周订(ding),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庳矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)象(xiang)(xiang)焉(yan)(yan),二(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)散射(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)礼射(she)(she)(she)(she)及(ji)习射(she)(she)(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),已上(shang)(shang)(shang)六矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)守及(ji)弋射(she)(she)(she)(she),惟此(ci)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)散射(she)(she)(she)(she),明散射(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)礼射(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)礼射(she)(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即大(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)、宾(bin)射(she)(she)(she)(she)、燕射(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)(qi)习,亦(yi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)三(san)射(she)(she)(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)并言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“前(qian)(qian)後(hou)(hou)(hou)订(ding),其(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)平(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)分(fen)(fen),三(san)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),则(ze)知此(ci)八(ba)(ba)(ba)分(fen)(fen),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian),四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou),即行(xing)(xing)(xing)平(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制枉(wang)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”至“四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)後(hou)(hou)(hou)”,皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)职(zhi)》文(wen)(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恒矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)轩周中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)志也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《既夕记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“志一乘轩周中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)庳矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)读为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)罢短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罢,此(ci)依俗读,於(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)无取。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)庳读为(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ病(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)Φ,Φ之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)伦(lun)比(bi)”,伦(lun)比(bi)则(ze)与安(an)(an)居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)八(ba)(ba)(ba)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六弓(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)不相(xiang)(xiang)配(pei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu),於(wu)(wu)义(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)六弓(gong)(gong)(gong),其(qi)(qi)数参差(cha),不可(ke)(ke)相(xiang)(xiang)当,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不得相(xiang)(xiang)配(pei),但依六弓(gong)(gong)(gong)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)(nu)与矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),随义(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)当而用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
天子之弓合九而成规,诸侯合七而成规大夫合五而成规,士合三而成规,句者谓之弊弓。(体往来之衰也。往体寡来体多则合多往体多,来体寡则合少而圜。弊犹恶也。句者恶则直者善矣。
○弊,婢世反(fan),徐(xu)扶(fu)灭(mie)反(fan)。衰,初危反(fan)。圜,音圆。)
[疏]“天子”至“弊弓”
○释曰:按上注而言王、弧射大侯,夹、庾射犴侯言之,则天子之弓王、弧也,以其往体寡,故合九成规。诸侯之弓则唐大,以其往来体若一,故合七成规。大夫之弓则夹庾,以其往体多,故合五成规也。士之弓则六弓之外句曲,合三成规。云“句者谓之弊弓”者,但句之至极,无过合三,合三之外,虽别言句者,还指合三者而言耳。按天子诸侯三侯,士与大夫同射近侯,与大夫别侯之法。今以士合三,与大夫弓别者,以士与大夫尊卑次,暂以合三者托之于士,其实士无合三之弓也。
○注“体往”至“善矣”
○释曰:云“体(ti)往(wang)(wang)来(lai)(lai)之(zhi)衰也”者(zhe)(zhe),此皆据角(jiao)弓及(ji)张,不(bu)被弦而(er)(er)合之(zhi)。从合九、合七、合五(wu)、合三,降杀(sha)以两,故(gu)言衰也。云“往(wang)(wang)体(ti)寡来(lai)(lai)体(ti)多则(ze)合多”者(zhe)(zhe),据王、弧而(er)(er)言。云“往(wang)(wang)体(ti)多来(lai)(lai)体(ti)寡则(ze)合少而(er)(er)圜(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe),据夹、庾而(er)(er)说。不(bu)言唐、大(da)者(zhe)(zhe),在此二者(zhe)(zhe)中间可知。
凡祭祀,共(gong)射(she)牲(sheng)之弓(gong)矢。(射(she)牲(sheng),示亲杀(sha)也(ye)。杀(sha)牲(sheng),非(fei)尊者所亲,惟射(she)为可。《国语(yu)》曰:“郊之事,天子必自(zi)射(she)其牲(sheng)。”)
[疏]“凡祭”至“弓矢”
○释曰:言“凡”,语广,则天地宗庙皆有射牲之事。
○注“射牲”至“其牲”
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)(yan)“杀(sha)牲(sheng),非尊者(zhe)所(suo)亲(qin),惟射(she)(she)为可(ke)者(zhe)”,按《礼记》“君(jun)亲(qin)制祭(ji)”,《诗》云“执(zhi)其(qi)鸾刀,以启其(qi)毛”,则射(she)(she)外(wai)兼为,而言(yan)(yan)惟射(she)(she)者(zhe),彼亦(yi)示行之(zhi)(zhi),非正制之(zhi)(zhi)耳。引(yin)《国语(yu)》者(zhe),欲见有(you)射(she)(she)牲(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),彼据祭(ji)天而言(yan)(yan)。
泽,共射椹质之弓矢。(郑司农云:“泽,泽宫也,所以习射选士之处也。”《射义》曰:“天子将祭,必先习射於泽。泽者,所以择士也。已射於泽,而后射於射宫,射中者得与於祭。
○与,音预。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“於祭”
○释曰:此(ci)所(suo)共弓矢,据王、弧,故上云“王弓、弧弓以射(she)甲革(ge)椹质(zhi)(zhi)”。引《射(she)义》,欲见射(she)椹质(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)试弓习武(wu)在(zai)泽宫也。
大射、燕射,共弓矢如数并夹。(如数,如当射者之数也。每人一弓乘矢,并夹,矢{尔}也。
○夹,音(yin)甲,注(zhu)同(tong)。乘,绳(sheng)证反,四矢曰乘矢。{尔},刘奴辄(zhe)反,又女十反。)
[疏]注“如数”至“{尔}也”
○释曰:知每人四矢者(zhe),见(jian)《大(da)射》、《乡(xiang)射礼》皆(jie)人各乘(cheng)矢也。云“并夹矢{尔}也”者(zhe),矢{尔}之言(yan),出於(wu)汉时(shi)。
大丧,共(gong)明弓矢(shi)。(弓矢(shi),明器之(zhi)用器也。《士丧礼(li)下篇》曰:“用器弓矢(shi)。”)
[疏]“大丧共明弓矢”
○释(shi)曰:云“明器(qi)之用(yong)器(qi)也(ye)”者,明器(qi)中有用(yong)器(qi)、役器(qi),役器(qi)中有甲胄、干笮,用(yong)器(qi)中有弓矢,故郑还引(yin)用(yong)器(qi)为证(zheng)也(ye)。
凡师役、会同,颁弓弩各以其物,从授兵至之仪。(物,弓弩矢ゅ之属。
○从,才用(yong)反。)
[疏]“凡师”至“之仪”
○释曰:言(yan)“师役”,据(ju)王(wang)巡狩、征伐而言(yan),与(yu)会同(tong)异,颁(ban)弓弩(nu)则不殊也。
田弋,充笼ゅ矢,共矢。(笼,竹ゅ也。矢不在ゅ者,为其相绕乱,将用乃共之。
○笼,也东(dong)反(fan)。为,于伪反(fan)。)
[疏]注“笼竹”至“共之”
○释(shi)曰:田,谓四时田时。弋(yi),谓弋(yi)凫与雁。云(yun)“充笼ゅ矢”者(zhe),笼ゅ,皆(jie)盛(sheng)矢物,及矢皆(jie)共(gong)之(zhi)。云(yun)“共(gong)矢”者(zhe),谓矢之(zhi)有(you)缴者(zhe)。云(yun)“矢不(bu)在(zai)ゅ”者(zhe),以其共(gong)矢,在(zai)ゅ下别(bie)言之(zhi),故言不(bu)在(zai)ゅ也。
凡亡矢者,弗用则更。(更,偿也。用而弃之则不偿。
○更,音庚,注同。)
缮人掌王之用弓、弩、矢、ゅ、、弋、抉、拾。(郑司农云:“抉者,所以纵弦也。拾者,所以引弦也。”《诗》云:“抉拾既次。”《诗》家说或谓抉谓引弦区也,拾谓也。玄谓抉,挟矢时所以持弦饰也,著右手巨指。《士丧礼》曰:“抉,用正王棘若棘。”则天子用象骨与?著左臂里,以韦为之。
○抉,古穴反(fan)(fan)(fan),注同。区(qu),苦侯反(fan)(fan)(fan)。,古侯反(fan)(fan)(fan),刘云区(qu)字之(zhi)异者。,胡旦反(fan)(fan)(fan)。挟,子(zi)协(xie)反(fan)(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)(yin)户牒反(fan)(fan)(fan)。著,丁略反(fan)(fan)(fan),或直略反(fan)(fan)(fan),下同。,刘音(yin)(yin)泽,又(you)音(yin)(yin)亦,一(yi)音(yin)(yin)徒洛(luo)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。与,音(yin)(yin)馀。)
[疏]“缮人”至“抉拾”
○释曰:此缮人所掌王之用弓弩者,谓司弓矢选择大善者入,缮人以共王用也。
○注“郑司”至“为之”
○释(shi)曰:先(xian)郑所解抉拾,二(er)家为说,前(qian)非(fei)後(hou)是,故後(hou)郑增(zeng)成其义,引《士丧礼(li)》者,欲见凶时有(you)文,吉时无(wu)文,约(yue)出吉礼(li)也,无(wu)正文,故云“天(tian)子用象骨与”。用韦,虽不言“与”,亦同疑(yi)可知。
掌诏王射,(告王当射之节。)
[疏]注“告王当射之节”
○释(shi)曰:王射(she),先(xian)行燕礼,以大(da)夫为宾(bin),宾(bin)与王为耦。所(suo)告之事,亦如《大(da)射(she)礼》大(da)射(she)正(zheng)告公之仪。
赞王(wang)弓矢之事,(授之,受之。)
[疏]注“授之受之”
○释曰:按《大(da)射(she)礼》,大(da)射(she)正授(shou)弓(gong),小臣授(shou)矢。天子(zi)礼,缮人(ren)授(shou)之,受之。按《大(da)仆职》已授(shou)之受之,此(ci)又为者,大(da)仆尊,大(da)仆赞时,此(ci)官助赞也。
凡(fan)乘(cheng)车,充其笼ゅ,载其弓弩,(充笼ゅ以(yi)盛(sheng)矢。)
[疏]“凡乘”至“弓弩”
○释曰:缮人惟主王所乘之车而言吉,凡乘车,则除革路之外,玉、金、象、木之车,车皆有右,备制非常,皆充其笼ゅ及所载弓矢。
○注“充笼ゅ者以矢”
○释曰:以(yi)笼是(shi)盛矢(shi)(shi)器,今云充之,明所充实者是(shi)矢(shi)(shi)可知也。
既射则敛之。(敛,藏之也。《诗》云:“彤弓召兮,受言藏之。”
○召,昌遥反。)
[疏]注“敛藏”至“藏之”
○释曰:所敛者(zhe),惟据王所乘车上有弓(gong)矢者(zhe),既(ji)射,还敛取藏之(zhi),引《诗》,证(zheng)既(ji)射弛而藏之(zhi)义也。
无会计。(亡败多少不计。
○会,古外反(fan),下“大会”同,後(hou)“会计(ji)”之类放此。)
[疏]“无会计”
○释(shi)曰:以其(qi)王所费损,故不会计之(zhi)。
槁人掌受财于职金,以赍其工。(赍其工者,给市财用之直。
○赍音咨,後皆同也。)
[疏]“槁人”至“其工”
○释曰:“掌受财于职金”者,谓有罪人出赎之物,金罚、货罚,故须财者往受之。
○注“赍其”至“之直”
○释曰:弓弩矢ゅ,皆是(shi)冬官(guan)百工造之(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)“赍其工者,给市财(cai)用之(zhi)直”也。
弓(gong)六(liu)物为(wei)三等,弩(nu)四物亦如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(三等者,上(shang)中(zhong)下(xia)人各(ge)有所宜。《弓(gong)人职》曰(yue):“弓(gong)长六(liu)尺六(liu)寸(cun),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)制,上(shang)士服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。弓(gong)长六(liu)尺三寸(cun),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)制,中(zhong)士服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。弓(gong)长六(liu)尺,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)制,下(xia)士服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”弩(nu)及矢ゅ长短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制,未闻。)
[疏]“弓六”至“如之”
○释曰:《弓人》惟云弓之长短,不言弩之长短,盖当与弓同。但无文,故注亦云“未闻”。
○注“三等”至“未闻”
○释曰:云(yun)“三(san)等者,上(shang)中下人各有(you)所宜(yi)”者,皆据凡人长(zhang)(zhang)短(duan)为上(shang)中下士,非谓(wei)命数者也(ye)。此经惟(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)弓弩(nu)(nu)(nu),不言(yan)(yan)(yan)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)ゅ,以下经有(you)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)ゅ,因(yin)此弩(nu)(nu)(nu)并云(yun)未闻。按(an)《矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人》造矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)云(yun)“五分(fen)其(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)而(er)羽(yu)其(qi)一(yi)”,注云(yun):“羽(yu)者,六(liu)寸。”其(qi)羽(yu)六(liu)寸,则矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)尺,而(er)此云(yun)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未闻者,彼矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)尺,约而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之,亦无正文。且弓之长(zhang)(zhang)短(duan)既不同,明(ming)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦当有(you)差等,其(qi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之差等未闻,及ゅ亦未闻也(ye)。但弓六(liu)物为三(san)等不言(yan)(yan)(yan)“皆”者,下别言(yan)(yan)(yan)弩(nu)(nu)(nu),故(gu)六(liu)弓不言(yan)(yan)(yan)皆。下矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八物皆三(san)等言(yan)(yan)(yan)皆者,矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八物中兼有(you)弩(nu)(nu)(nu)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)须(xu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)皆也(ye)。
矢(shi)八(ba)物皆(jie)三等,ゅ亦如之(zhi)。春(chun)献(xian)素,秋(qiu)献(xian)成。(矢(shi)ゅ,春(chun)作秋(qiu)成。)
[疏]“矢八”至“献成”
○释曰:按《司弓矢》注,弓弩各有四矢,应作四等,而言三等,盖据长短为三等法。《矢人》注“矢长三尺”者,假设言之,弩既无长短之文,矢亦未闻长短也。若然,ゅ随矢长,则弓之矢ゅ与弓矢齐,弩之矢ゅ亦与弩矢齐。但矢既未闻,故ゅ亦未闻也。
○注“矢ゅ春作秋成”
○释曰:按《士丧礼》,明器有(you)献素献成,注云:“形法定为(wei)素,饰治(zhi)毕(bi)为(wei)成。”此矢ゅ亦(yi)然。
书其等以飨工。(郑司农云:“书工功拙高下之等,以制其飨食也。”玄谓飨,酒肴劳之也。上工作上等,其飨厚。下工作下等,其飨薄。
○劳,洛报反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“飨薄”
○释曰:按下文自(zi)有下上(shang)其食,此(ci)文飨据以(yi)酒肴飨之。先郑(zheng)以(yi)飨为食,非,故(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)不从(cong)。後(hou)郑(zheng)不言中(zhong)飨者(zhe),举有上(shang)下,明(ming)有中(zhong)可知也。
乘其事,试其弓弩,以下上其食而诛赏。(郑司农云:“乘,计也,计其事之成功也。”故书“试”为“考”。玄谓考之而善,则上其食,尤善又赏之,否者反此。
○试,音(yin)考(kao),出注。下(xia)上,时掌反,注同。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“反此”
○释曰:云“故书试为考”,後郑(zheng)亦从考为义也。
乃入功于司弓矢及缮人。(功,成。)凡赍财与其出入,皆在槁人,以待会而考之,亡者阙之。(皆在槁人者,所赍工之财及弓弩矢ゅ,出入其簿书,槁人藏之。阙犹除也。弓弩矢ゅ弃亡者除之,计今见在者。
○见,贤遍反。)
[疏]“乃入”至“阙之”
○释曰(yue):数事皆(jie)在(zai)槁人(ren)者,以人(ren)是弓矢官之(zhi)主,故皆(jie)有簿书藏之(zhi)也。
戎右掌戎车之兵革使。(使谓王使以兵,有所诛斩也。《春秋传》曰:“战於ゾ,晋梁弘御戎,莱驹为右。战之明日,襄公缚秦囚,使莱驹以戈斩之。”
○使,色吏(li)反(fan),注(zhu)“使谓”同(tong)。)
[疏]注“使谓”至“斩之”
○释曰:戎(rong)(rong)右(you)者(zhe),与君同车,在车之右(you),执戈(ge)盾,备制非(fei)常,并充(chong)兵(bing)(bing)中使(shi)役,故云(yun)“掌戎(rong)(rong)车之兵(bing)(bing)革(ge)使(shi)”,谓执兵(bing)(bing)著甲之使(shi)也(ye)。引(yin)《春秋》者(zhe),文二年《左传(chuan)》文。秦晋战(zhan)於ゾ,时囚呼,莱驹(ju)失戈(ge),引(yin)之者(zhe),证戎(rong)(rong)右(you)以(yi)兵(bing)(bing)革(ge)使(shi)事。
诏赞王(wang)鼓(gu)。(既告(gao)王(wang)当鼓(gu)之节,又助击之。)
[疏]注“既告”至“击之”
○释曰:大仆已赞王鼓,此亦同(tong)是(shi)助击其馀面也。
传王命于陈中。(为王大言之也。
○传(chuan),直宣(xuan)反,下(xia)注“传(chuan)敦”同(tong)。陈,直慎反,刘直吝(lin)反。为,于伪反,下(xia)“为众”同(tong)。)会(hui)同(tong),充(chong)革(ge)车。(会(hui)同(tong)王虽乘(cheng)金路,犹以革(ge)路从行(xing)也。充(chong)之者,谓居左也。《曲(qu)礼(li)》曰:“乘(cheng)君之乘(cheng)车,不敢旷左。”)
[疏]注“会同”至“旷左”
○释(shi)曰:知会(hui)同(tong)王乘金路者(zhe),《巾车》云“金路以(yi)宾(bin)”,是也。此言充革车,故知犹以(yi)革路从。云“充之(zhi)者(zhe),谓(wei)居(ju)左(zuo)也”者(zhe),尊者(zhe)左(zuo)载,王既不乘,故戎右居(ju)左(zuo)赞(zan)王处,是以(yi)引《曲礼》为证(zheng)。彼注云“君(jun)在,恶空其位”是也。
盟,则以玉敦辟盟,遂役之。(郑司农云:“敦,器名也。辟,法也。”玄谓将歃血者,先执其器,为众陈其载辞,使心皆开辟也。役之者,传敦血,授当歃者。
○敦,音对(dui),刘(liu)又都爱反,沈都回(hui)反,注同。歃,所(suo)洽反,徐(xu)所(suo)辄反。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“歃者”
○释曰:先郑(zheng)以辟为(wei)法,此无取於(wu)法义,故後郑(zheng)为(wei)开(kai)辟盟者(zhe)之心。云“将歃血者(zhe),先执其(qi)器(qi)”者(zhe),凡(fan)盟,先割(ge)牛耳,盛(sheng)於(wu)珠(zhu)盘,以王敦(dun)盛(sheng)血,戎右(you)执此敦(dun)血为(wei)陈其(qi)盟约之辞,使心开(kai)辟,乃歃之。
赞牛耳桃。(郑司农云:“赞牛耳,《春秋传》所谓执牛耳者。故书‘’为‘灭’,杜子春云‘灭当为厉’。”玄谓尸盟者割牛耳取血,助为之,及血在敦中,以桃沸之,又助之也。耳者盛以珠盘,尸盟者执之,桃鬼所畏也。,苕帚,所以扫不祥。
○,音列,沈音例。盛,音成。苕,音条。帚,之(zhi)受反(fan)。)
[疏]注“郑司”至“不祥”
○释曰:引《春秋(qiu)》者(zhe),按哀十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),公(gong)会齐侯(hou),盟(meng)于蒙(meng)。孟武(wu)伯(bo)问於(wu)高柴曰:“诸侯(hou)盟(meng),谁执牛耳?”季羔(gao)曰:“曾阝衍之(zhi)役(yi),吴公(gong)子姑曹(cao)。”注云(yun):“在七年(nian)(nian)。”“发(fa)阳(yang)之(zhi)役(yi),卫石。”注云(yun):“发(fa)阳(yang),郧也(ye),在十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)。”武(wu)伯(bo)曰:“然则彘也(ye)。”以其(qi)鲁於(wu)齐为小国故也(ye)。云(yun)“玄谓(wei)尸(shi)盟(meng)者(zhe)割牛耳”者(zhe),尸(shi)盟(meng)即是(shi)小国也(ye)。云(yun)“桃鬼所畏也(ye)。,苕帚,所以埽(sao)不(bu)(bu)祥”者(zhe),杀牲取(qu)血,旁有不(bu)(bu)祥,故执此二者(zhe)於(wu)血侧也(ye)。
齐右掌祭祀、会同、宾客前齐车,王乘则持马,行则陪乘。(齐车,金路,王自整齐之车也。前之者,已驾王未乘之时。陪乘,参乘,谓车右也。齐右与齐仆同车,而有祭祀之事,则兼玉路之右,然则戎右兼田右与?
○齐,侧皆反,下“齐车”、“齐仆(pu)”皆同。乘,刘绳证反,沈音(yin)绳。与,音(yin)馀。)
[疏]注“齐车”至“右与”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“前之(zhi)者(zhe),已驾王(wang)未(wei)乘(cheng)之(zhi)时”者(zhe),《曲礼》曰(yue):“仆(pu)执策,立於马(ma)(ma)前。”备惊奔,谓未(wei)乘(cheng)时。此亦(yi)未(wei)乘(cheng)之(zhi)时,在马(ma)(ma)前备惊奔也。云(yun)(yun)“陪乘(cheng)”者(zhe),王(wang)与(yu)仆(pu)及车右(you)(you)为(wei)参车也。云(yun)(yun)“齐(qi)(qi)(qi)右(you)(you)与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)仆(pu)同车,而有祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)之(zhi)事,则兼玉(yu)路之(zhi)右(you)(you)”者(zhe),齐(qi)(qi)(qi)仆(pu)同乘(cheng)金(jin)路,惟可(ke)据齐(qi)(qi)(qi)时,今此经云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)不言齐(qi)(qi)(qi),明是兼祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)乘(cheng)玉(yu)路时为(wei)右(you)(you)可(ke)知也。以其玉(yu)路有五(wu),其右(you)(you)惟有齐(qi)(qi)(qi)右(you)(you)、道右(you)(you)、戎(rong)右(you)(you)三(san)者(zhe),不见祀(si)(si)右(you)(you)及田右(you)(you),祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)时亦(yi)名(ming)齐(qi)(qi)(qi),田与(yu)战伐俱用兵(bing),可(ke)以相通,故知齐(qi)(qi)(qi)右(you)(you)兼玉(yu)路右(you)(you),戎(rong)右(you)(you)兼田右(you)(you)也。无(wu)正文,故云(yun)(yun)“与(yu)”以疑之(zhi)也。
凡有牲事,则前马。(王见牲则拱而式,居马前行,备惊奔也。《曲礼》曰:“国君下宗庙,式齐牛。”
○拱(gong),居勇反。,音(yin)却。)
[疏]注“王见”至“齐牛”
○释曰(yue):云“王见牲则(ze)拱(gong)而式”者,凡男子(zi)立乘,前(qian)视五。若有敬事(shi)则(ze)式,式视马(ma)尾,当须端拱(gong),故(gu)云拱(gong)而式也。“居马(ma)前(qian)行,备惊奔也”者,以其(qi)王既拱(gong)而式,是以齐右居马(ma)前(qian)行,备惊奔故(gu)也。引(yin)《曲(qu)礼(li)》曰(yue)“国(guo)君下(xia)宗庙(miao),式齐牛”者,按彼经(jing)云“国(guo)君式宗庙(miao),下(xia)齐牛”,此所引(yin)不同者,但宗庙(miao)尊,宜下(xia),将彼经(jing)为(wei)误,故(gu)郑改之,依正而言也。
道右掌前道车。王(wang)出(chu)入则持马陪乘,如齐车之仪。(道车,象路也。王(wang)行道德之车。)
[疏]注“道车”至“之车”
○释(shi)曰:《齐右》云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)乘(cheng)则(ze)持马”,此(ci)云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)出入则(ze)持马”,文不同者(zhe)(zhe),为右之(zhi)义不异。不同者(zhe)(zhe),互换为义故(gu)也。云(yun)(yun)“道车,象(xiang)路也。王(wang)行道德之(zhi)车”者(zhe)(zhe),若言象(xiang),据(ju)饰(shi)为名(ming)。言道,据(ju)行改为称,是以《大司马》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)道车。
自车上谕命于从车。(自,由。
○从,才用(yong)反,下(xia)及注同,《驭夫职》放此。)
[疏]“自车”至“从车”
○释(shi)曰:按《驭夫》“掌(zhang)驭贰(er)车(che)从车(che)”,彼注“贰(er)车(che),象(xiang)路之副。从车(che),戎路、田路之副”。此所论从车(che)即彼贰(er)车(che),与彼从车(che)别,同名耳。
诏(zhao)王(wang)之(zhi)车仪(yi)。(顾式之(zhi)属。)
[疏]注“顾式之属”
○释曰:《礼》云(yun):“式视马尾,顾不过毂。”皆(jie)是车(che)上威仪,故须诏之。齐右不云(yun)者(zhe),文(wen)不具。
王式(shi)则(ze)下,前马(ma),王下则(ze)以盖从。(以盖从,表尊。)
[疏]注“以盖从表尊”
○释(shi)曰:盖有二(er)种(zhong):一者(zhe)(zhe)御雨,二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)表尊。此则表尊之(zhi)盖也(ye)。
大驭掌驭王路以祀。及犯,王自左驭,驭下祝,登,受辔,犯,遂驱之。(行山曰。犯之者,封土为山象,以菩刍棘柏为神主,既祭之,以车轹之而去,喻无险难也。《春秋传》曰“跋涉山川”。自,由也。王由左驭,禁制马,使不行也。故书“”作“罚”,杜子春云:“罚当为。读为别异之别,谓祖道、轹、磔犬也。《诗》云:‘载谋载惟,取萧祭脂,取羝以。’《诗》家说曰:‘将出祖道,犯之祭也。’《聘礼》曰:‘乃舍,饮酒于其侧。’《礼》家说亦谓时祭。”
○,蒲末反(fan)(fan)(fan),注“跋涉”同。祝,之(zhi)又反(fan)(fan)(fan)。菩,音(yin)员,一(yi)音(yin)倍(bei)。刍,葱俞反(fan)(fan)(fan),轹音(yin)。历(li)难,乃(nai)旦反(fan)(fan)(fan)。别,彼列反(fan)(fan)(fan),下同。磔(zhe),陟格(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。羝,丁兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。舍(she),音(yin)释。)
[疏]“大驭”至“驱之”
○释曰:此据祭天之时,故有犯之事。云“及犯”者,出国门封土为山象,祭,王在左自驭,驭下祝登,受取王手之辔,犯,遂驱之而出。
○注“行山”至“道祭”
○释(shi)曰:言“行(xing)(xing)山曰”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)水行(xing)(xing)曰涉(she),山行(xing)(xing)曰。云(yun)“封土(tu)为山象”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)注《月令》“祀(si)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)礼,为坛,厚三寸,广(guang)五尺(chi)”。此(ci)道(dao)祭亦(yi)宜然。云(yun)“菩(pu)刍(chu)棘柏为神(shen)主”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)於三者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)中,但用其一(yi),以(yi)为神(shen)主则可也。云(yun)“既祭之(zhi),以(yi)车轹之(zhi)而(er)(er)去,逾无(wu)险难也”者(zhe)(zhe),祭天在近郊,虽无(wu)险难,审慎故也。引“《春秋传》曰”者(zhe)(zhe),按:襄二(er)十八年,子(zi)大(da)叔云(yun):“跋涉(she)山川,蒙犯(fan)霜(shuang)露(lu),以(yi)逞君心(xin)。”是其山行(xing)(xing)曰之(zhi)事也。子(zi)春读“”为“别(bie)异”之(zhi)别(bie)者(zhe)(zhe),盖(gai)取讫行(xing)(xing)去之(zhi)意。引《聘礼》大(da)夫道(dao)祭者(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)牲牢(lao),酒(jiu)脯(fu)而(er)(er)已。又(you)於旁饮酒(jiu)饯别(bie),故云(yun)“饮酒(jiu)於其侧(ce)”也。
及祭,酌仆,仆左执辔,右祭两轵,祭凡,乃饮。(故书轵为开,凡为范。杜子春云:“文当如此。‘左’不当重,重非是。”书亦或如子春言。又云:“开当作轵,轵谓两彗也。其或言,亦非是。”又云:“凡当为[A09A],[A09A]谓车前轼也,或读开为簪笄之笄。”
○轵(zhi),音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)止。凡(fan),音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)犯(fan),注轨同(tong)。开,刘音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)鸡。重,直龙反(fan)。彗,音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)卫。轨当,鬼美反(fan),又音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)犯(fan)也。)
[疏]“及祭”至“乃饮”
○释曰:此云“及祭,酌仆”者,即上文将犯之时,当祭左右毂未,及轼前,乃犯而去。酌仆者,使人酌酒与仆,仆即大驭也。大驭则左执辔,右手祭两轵,并祭轨之轼前三处讫,乃饮,饮者,若祭末饮福酒,乃始轹而去。
○注“故书”至“之笄”
○释曰:云“谓两(liang)彗”者(zhe),彗即毂末。云“轨(gui)(gui)当为[A09A],[A09A]谓车轼前(qian)也”者(zhe),按《少(shao)(shao)仪》“祭(ji)左右轨(gui)(gui)范,乃饮”,注云“《周礼》‘大驭(yu)祭(ji)两(liang)轵,祭(ji)轨(gui)(gui),乃饮’,轨(gui)(gui)与(yu)轵,於车同谓彗头也。轨(gui)(gui)范与(yu)范声同,谓轼前(qian)也”。若(ruo)然,此云轵,《少(shao)(shao)仪》作(zuo)“轨(gui)(gui)”,轨(gui)(gui)与(yu)车辙(zhe)之(zhi)轨(gui)(gui)同名。此云轨(gui)(gui),《少(shao)(shao)仪》云“范”,同是(shi)轼前(qian)也。
凡驭路,行以《肆夏》,趋以《采荠》。(凡驭路,谓五路也。《肆夏》、《采荠》,乐章也。行谓大寝至路门,趋谓路门至应门。
○荠,才(cai)私反。)
[疏]“凡驭”至“采荠”
○释曰:《乐师》亦有此法,彼下有“车亦如之”,即上云行者,据步迎宾客法,此既驭路,亦云行者,此虽驭路,行迟疾,惟步迎宾客为法,故虽车亦行也。
○注“凡驭”至“应门”
○释曰(yue):此(ci)大(da)驭惟(wei)驭玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),而云(yun)“谓(wei)(wei)五路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)”者(zhe),大(da)驭虽(sui)驭玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),以经(jing)云(yun)“凡”,所(suo)含广(guang),则馀(yu)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)亦(yi)(yi)准玉(yu)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)为(wei)法,故(gu)云(yun)五路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)。若然,迎宾客惟(wei)乘金路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu),馀(yu)四路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)虽(sui)不(bu)用(yong)迎宾客,至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於乘车,皆(jie)自内而出,自外(wai)而入(ru),经(jing)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)寝及(ji)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)郑(zheng)据大(da)寝为(wei)正也(ye)。云(yun)“《肆夏》、《采(cai)荠》,乐章也(ye)”者(zhe),《肆夏》在《锺师(shi)》,与《九夏》同(tong)是乐章可(ke)知。其《采(cai)茨》虽(sui)逸(yi)诗(shi),既与《肆夏》同(tong)歌,明亦(yi)(yi)乐章也(ye)。知“行谓(wei)(wei)大(da)寝至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),趋(qu)谓(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe),《尔雅》云(yun)“堂上谓(wei)(wei)之行,门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之趋(qu)”,行虽(sui)在堂,亦(yi)(yi)人之行由堂始,故(gu)发堂至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)皆(jie)谓(wei)(wei)之为(wei)行,故(gu)云(yun)行谓(wei)(wei)大(da)寝至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),趋(qu)谓(wei)(wei)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)也(ye)。郑(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)《乐师(shi)》云(yun):“及(ji)入(ru)应(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)、路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men),亦(yi)(yi)如(ru)之。”此(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)不(bu)言,亦(yi)(yi)同(tong)於彼也(ye)。若然,应(ying)门(men)(men)(men)(men)(men)外(wai)亦(yi)(yi)应(ying)有乐节,但无文,故(gu)郑(zheng)亦(yi)(yi)不(bu)言也(ye)。
凡驭路仪,以鸾和为节。(舒疾之法也。鸾在衡,和在轼,皆以金为铃。
○铃,音零。)
[疏]注“舒疾”至“为铃”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)(zheng)知“鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衡(heng)(heng)和(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)轼”者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)见《韩诗(shi)传》云(yun)(yun)“升车(che)(che)则(ze)马动(dong),马动(dong)则(ze)鸾(luan)鸣(ming),鸾(luan)鸣(ming)则(ze)和(he)应(ying)”,乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)先(xian)马动(dong),次鸾(luan)鸣(ming),乃(nai)和(he)应(ying),明鸾(luan)近(jin)(jin)马首,和(he)更近(jin)(jin)後,故(gu)知鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衡(heng)(heng)和(he)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)轼也。且(qie)按《秦诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“车(che)(che)鸾(luan)镳(biao)”,毛云(yun)(yun)“鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衡(heng)(heng)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)镳(biao)”,不(bu)从毛义者(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)田车(che)(che)鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)镳(biao),乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衡(heng)(heng),此云(yun)(yun)鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)衡(heng)(heng),据乘(cheng)(cheng)车(che)(che)而言(yan)故(gu)也。云(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)以(yi)金(jin)(jin)为(wei)铃”者(zhe),鼓(gu)人(ren)掌四金(jin)(jin),铃则(ze)四金(jin)(jin)之类,故(gu)知用(yong)金(jin)(jin)为(wei)之,乃(nai)可得有声也。
戎仆掌驭戎车。(戎车,革路也。师出,王乘以自将。
○将,子(zi)匠反。)
[疏]注“戎车”至“自将”
○释曰:此云戎(rong)车(che),《巾车(che)》云:“革(ge)路建太白以即戎(rong)。”车(che)革(ge)路也。
掌王ヘ车之政,正其服。(ヘ,副也。服谓众乘戎车者之衣服。
○ヘ,七内反(fan),刘仓爱反(fan)。)
[疏]注“ヘ副”至“衣服”
○释曰:郑注(zhu)《坊(fang)记》云:“仆右(you)恒朝服(fu)(fu)。”据非在军(jun)时。若在军(jun),则(ze)服(fu)(fu)韦弁服(fu)(fu)。众乘戎(rong)车者之(zhi)衣(yi)服(fu)(fu),谓(wei)此服(fu)(fu)也(ye)。言丘乘戎(rong)车者之(zhi)服(fu)(fu),则(ze)副车十二乘及广阙革(ge)轻之(zhi)ヘ皆是也(ye)。
犯,如(ru)玉路(lu)之仪。凡(fan)巡守及兵车之会(hui),亦(yi)如(ru)之。(如(ru)在军。)
[疏]注“如在军”
○释曰:云“如在军”者,谓如其犯(fan)。巡(xun)狩(shou)及兵车会,亦乘(cheng)革路(lu),若乘(cheng)车之会即(ji)乘(cheng)金路(lu)也。
掌(zhang)凡(fan)戎车之(zhi)仪。(凡(fan)戎车,众之(zhi)兵车也。《书序》曰:“武(wu)王戎车三百两。”)
[疏]注“以待宾客”
○释曰:云(yun)“凡(fan)”语广,故知众兵车即(ji)三百两也。按武王伐纣时,王自巡(xun)六师,则(ze)有(you)六军千乘,及诸戎狄,三分二诸侯,其(qi)车多矣。只有(you)三百两者,据(ju)陈(chen)与纣战者而言。
齐仆掌驭金路以宾。(以待宾客。
○宾,如字,刘万刃(ren)反。)
[疏]注“凡戎”至“百两”
○释曰:此经与下为目,所(suo)待(dai)宾客,即下文是(shi)也。
朝、觐、宗、遇、飨、食皆乘金路,其法仪各以其等,为车送逆之节。(节,谓王乘车迎宾客及送相去远近之数。上公九十步,侯伯七十步,子男五十步。《司仪职》曰“车逆拜辱”,又曰“及出车送”。
○乘车(che),如字。)
[疏]注“节谓”至“车送”
○释曰:受享(xiang)於(wu)庙则(ze)迎(ying)(ying)之。《大行人》云:“上公九十步,介九人,摈者五人,庙中将币,三享(xiang)。”郑注(zhu)云:“朝(chao)(chao)先享(xiang),不(bu)言朝(chao)(chao),朝(chao)(chao)正礼,不(bu)嫌(xian)有(you)等。”是(shi)春夏受贽於(wu)朝(chao)(chao),无迎(ying)(ying)法(fa),受享(xiang)则(ze)有(you)之。秋冬一受之於(wu)庙,亦(yi)无迎(ying)(ying)法(fa),故(gu)《郊特牲》云“觐礼,天子不(bu)下堂而见诸(zhu)侯(hou)”,是(shi)受贽受享(xiang)皆无迎(ying)(ying)法(fa)。今言“朝(chao)(chao)觐宗遇(yu)(yu)飨(xiang)食(shi)皆乘金(jin)路”者,谓因此朝(chao)(chao)觐宗遇(yu)(yu)而与诸(zhu)侯(hou)行飨(xiang)食(shi)在庙,即有(you)乘金(jin)路迎(ying)(ying)宾客之法(fa)也(ye)。云“上公九十步”已下,《大行人》文。彼据(ju)受享(xiang)於(wu)庙,非飨(xiang)食(shi)礼也(ye)。引之者,欲(yu)见飨(xiang)食(shi)迎(ying)(ying)宾与受享(xiang)同。《司仪》所云,亦(yi)据(ju)受飨(xiang)食(shi)之礼也(ye)。
道仆掌驭象路以朝夕、燕出入,其法仪如齐车。(朝夕,朝朝莫夕。
○朝夕,直遥(yao)反,注“朝夕”同。朝朝,上如(ru)字,下直遥(yao)反。莫(mo)夕,音暮。)
[疏]注“朝夕朝朝莫夕”
○释曰(yue):朝朝莫夕,在(zai)正(zheng)朝来(lai)往,而(er)言(yan)“燕(yan)”者(zhe),以其在(zai)宫中行事(shi)皆(jie)称燕(yan)。
掌(zhang)贰车之政令。(贰亦副。)
[疏]注“贰亦副”
○释曰(yue):上文戎仆ヘ车云“副”,故此贰亦副也。
田仆掌驭田路以田以鄙。(田路,木路也。田,田猎也。鄙,循行县鄙。
○行,下孟(meng)反。)
[疏]注“田路”至“县鄙”
○释(shi)曰:云(yun)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)路(lu),木(mu)路(lu)也(ye)”者,按《巾车》云(yun)“木(mu)路(lu)建大麾以(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)”,故知田(tian)(tian)(tian)路(lu)即木(mu)路(lu)也(ye)。云(yun)“田(tian)(tian)(tian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)猎也(ye)”者,据四时田(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)。云(yun)“鄙,循行县(xian)鄙”者,谓在百里外(wai)六遂(sui)之中,王巡六遂(sui)县(xian)鄙,则(ze)六乡州党巡之可知,举远以(yi)明近也(ye)。
掌佐车之政。(佐亦副。)
[疏]注“佐亦副”
○释(shi)曰:天子尊,故(gu)戎(rong)车(che)、田(tian)车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)有别名。诸侯(hou)卑(bei),戎(rong)车(che)、田(tian)车(che)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)同曰佐,无ヘ名。是以《檀弓》云“战於乘(cheng)丘,公队,佐车(che)授绥”,《少仪》注亦云“朝(chao)祀之(zhi)(zhi)副曰贰(er),戎(rong)猎之(zhi)(zhi)副曰佐”也。
设驱逆之车,(驱,驱禽使前趋获。逆,衙还之使不出围。
○驱,如(ru)字,又起遇反(fan),後同。衙(ya),本又作御,同五嫁反(fan)。)
[疏]注“驱驱”至“出围”
○释曰:按《王制》云:“大夫杀,则止(zhi)佐车,佐车止(zhi),则百姓田猎。”彼(bi)佐车,则此驱(qu)逆(ni)之车也。
令获者植旌,(以告获也。植,树也。
○植,直吏(li)反(fan),又(you)时力(li)反(fan)。树,如(ru)字(zi),又(you)一音(yin)竖。)
[疏]注“以告”至“树也”
○释曰:按《山虞》“植(zhi)旗属禽”,此官又云(yun)“植(zhi)旌比禽”者,彼此共其事,故(gu)并(bing)见之。
及献,比禽。(田弊,获者各献其禽。比,种物相从次数之。
○比(bi),毗志反(fan),次也,注同(tong)。种,章勇(yong)反(fan),下同(tong)。数,所主反(fan)。)
[疏]注“田弊”至“数之”
○释曰:《大司马》“春火弊,夏车弊,秋罗弊,冬徒弊”。弊,止也。田止,百姓所(suo)得禽(qin)(qin),大兽公之(zhi),小禽(qin)(qin)私之(zhi)。公之(zhi)者(zhe),献於旌下。每禽(qin)(qin)择取(qu)(qu)三(san)十,其馀为主皮之(zhi)射而取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)。故云“比种物相(xiang)从(cong)次数之(zhi)”也。
凡田,王提马而走,诸侯晋,大夫驰。(提犹举也。晋犹抑也。使人叩而举之、抑之,皆止奔也。驰,放不扣。
○叩(kou),音口,下同。)
[疏]“凡田”至“夫驰”
○释曰:凡田,亦谓四时(shi)田。天子发(fa),抗(kang)大(da)(da)绥。诸(zhu)侯发(fa),抗(kang)小绥。大(da)(da)夫(fu)下(xia)君,不得云绥。云大(da)(da)夫(fu)发(fa),止佐车,其(qi)时(shi)有提马(ma)晋马(ma)之事。云提迟於驰,皆(jie)使尊者(zhe)体促之义也。
驭(yu)夫尝驭(yu)贰车(che)(che)、从车(che)(che)、使车(che)(che)。(贰车(che)(che),象路(lu)之(zhi)副也。从车(che)(che),戎路(lu)、田路(lu)之(zhi)副也。使车(che)(che),驱逆之(zhi)车(che)(che)。)
[疏]注“贰车”至“之车”
○释曰(yue):知贰(er)车(che)(che)是“象路(lu)之(zhi)副”者(zhe),以《道(dao)仆》云“掌贰(er)车(che)(che)之(zhi)政令”,故(gu)知之(zhi)也(ye)。知从车(che)(che)是“戎(rong)(rong)路(lu)田路(lu)之(zhi)副”者(zhe),见《戎(rong)(rong)仆》与《田仆》俱(ju)不(bu)言贰(er),田与戎(rong)(rong)俱(ju)是职(zhi)烦(fan),故(gu)知兼(jian)此二者(zhe)也(ye)。不(bu)掌戎(rong)(rong)路(lu)、金路(lu)之(zhi)副者(zhe),贰(er)者(zhe)事暇,盖(gai)车(che)(che)仆不(bu)共掌也(ye)。知使车(che)(che)是驱(qu)逆(ni)者(zhe),以使役劳剧(ju)之(zhi)事,故(gu)知是驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)车(che)(che)也(ye)。
分公马而驾治之。(乘(cheng)调(diao)六种之马。)
[疏]注“乘调六种之马”
○释(shi)曰:趋(qu)马自(zi)主驾脱,故知此驾治者是(shi)调习之也(ye)。