●卷四
乡(xiang)大(da)夫之职,各掌其乡(xiang)之政教禁令。(郑司农云:“万二千五百家为乡(xiang)。”)
[疏]“乡大”至“禁令”
○释曰:六乡大夫各掌其乡之政令及十二教,与五禁号令皆掌之。
○注“郑司”至“为乡”
○释曰:案(an)上文五(wu)州为乡,故知万二千五(wu)百家为乡。
正月之吉,受教法于司徒,退而颁之于其乡吏,使各以教其所治,以考其德行,察其道艺。(其乡吏,州长以下。
○治,直(zhi)吏反,下“考治”、下“治所”、“治处”同。行(xing),下孟反,下及注(zhu)“德(de)行(xing)”之行(xing)、“六(liu)行(xing)”皆同。)
[疏]“正月”至“道艺”
○释曰:言“正月之吉”者,谓建子之月,月朔之日。云“受法於司徒”者,谓若《大司徒职》十二教已下,其法皆受於司徒而来。云“退而颁之于其乡吏”者,谓已於司徒受得教法,遂分与州长已下至比长。云“使各以教其所治”者,亦谓州长已下至比长各教所治也。云“考其德行”者,谓乡大夫以乡三物教万民,遂考校其万民有六德六行之贤者。云“察其道艺”者,谓万民之中有六艺者,并拟宾之。
○注“其乡吏州长以下”
○释曰(yue):以其比长以上至州长,皆属(shu)乡(xiang)大夫,故(gu)知乡(xiang)吏,州长以下至比长。
以岁时登其夫家之众寡,辨其可任者。国中自七尺以及六十,野自六尺以及六十有五,皆征之。其舍者,国中贵者、贤者、能者、服公事者、老者、疾者皆舍。以岁时入其书。(登,成也,定也。国中,城郭中也。晚赋税而早免之,以其所居复多役少。野早赋税而晚免之,以其复少役多。郑司农云:“征之者,给公上事也。舍者,谓有复除舍不收役事也。贵者,谓若今宗室及关内侯皆复也。服公事者,谓若今吏有复除也。老者,谓若今八十、九十复羡卒也。疾者,谓若今癃不可事者复之。”玄谓入其书者,言於大司徒。
○复,音福(fu),下同。)
[疏]“以岁”至“其书”
○释曰:云“以岁时”者,谓岁之四时。登犹成也,定也。夫家谓男女。谓四时成定其男女多少。云“辨其可任”者,谓分辨其可任使者。云“国中自七尺以及六十”者,七尺谓年二十,知者,案《韩诗外传》“二十行役”,与此国中七尺同,则知七尺谓年二十。云“野自六尺以及六十有五”者,六尺谓年十五,故《论语》云“可以托六尺之孤”,郑注云:“六尺之孤,年十五已下。”彼六尺亦谓十五,郑言已下者,正谓十四已下亦可以寄托,非谓六尺可通十四已下。郑必知六尺年十五者,以其国中七尺为二十对六十,野云六尺对六十五,晚校五年,明知六尺与七尺早校五年,故以六尺为十五也。云“皆征之”者,所征税者,谓筑作、挽引、道渠之役及口率出钱。若田猎,五十则免,是以《祭义》云“五十不为甸徒”。若征伐,六十乃免,是以《王制》云“六十不与服戎”。彼二者并不辨国中及野外之别。云“其舍”者,谓不给繇役,则国中贵者已下是也。云“以岁时入其书”者,此上所云皆岁之四时,具作文书入於大司徒,故云岁时入其书也。
○注“登成也”至“司徒”
○释曰:云“登,成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye),定(ding)(ding)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)夫家众寡若(ruo)不(bu)作(zuo)文书,则多少(shao)齿岁不(bu)定(ding)(ding),若(ruo)作(zuo)文书,多少(shao)成(cheng)(cheng)定(ding)(ding),故云“登,成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye),定(ding)(ding)也(ye)(ye)”。云“国(guo)中(zhong),城郭中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)对(dui)野,故知国(guo)中(zhong)是城郭中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。云“晚赋税(shui)而早免(mian)之”者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)经云七尺(chi)及六十,对(dui)野中(zhong)六尺(chi)至(zhi)(zhi)六十五,是其(qi)(qi)晚赋税(shui)而早免(mian)之。云“以其(qi)(qi)所居复多役(yi)少(shao)”者(zhe)(zhe),以此(ci)经云国(guo)中(zhong)贵者(zhe)(zhe)至(zhi)(zhi)疾者(zhe)(zhe)皆舍,据(ju)国(guo)中(zhong)而言,是其(qi)(qi)国(guo)中(zhong)复多役(yi)少(shao)也(ye)(ye)。郑司(si)(si)(si)农云四事皆若(ruo)今者(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)举汉法(fa)况之。“玄谓入(ru)其(qi)(qi)书者(zhe)(zhe),言於大司(si)(si)(si)徒”,知者(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)上云受法(fa)於司(si)(si)(si)徒,故知入(ru)其(qi)(qi)书者(zhe)(zhe)言於大司(si)(si)(si)徒。
三年(nian)则(ze)大(da)比,考(kao)其(qi)(qi)德(de)行、道艺(yi),而(er)(er)兴贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)老及乡(xiang)大(da)夫帅其(qi)(qi)吏与(yu)其(qi)(qi)众(zhong)寡,以礼(li)礼(li)宾之(zhi)。(贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)德(de)行者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),有(you)道艺(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。众(zhong)寡,谓(wei)乡(xiang)人之(zhi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无多少也。郑司农(nong)云:“兴贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若今(jin)举孝廉(lian)。兴能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若今(jin)举茂才。宾,敬也。敬所举贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”玄(xuan)谓(wei)变举言(yan)兴者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)合众(zhong)而(er)(er)尊宠之(zhi),以乡(xiang)饮(yin)酒之(zhi)礼(li),礼(li)而(er)(er)宾之(zhi)。)
[疏]“三年”至“宾之”
○释曰:三年一闰,天道小成,则大案比当乡之内。云“考其德行道艺”者,德行谓六德六行,道艺谓六艺。云“而兴贤者”,则德行之人也。“能者”则道艺之人也。云“乡老及乡大夫帅其吏”者,谓州长以下。云“与其众寡”者,谓乡中有贤者,皆集在庠学。云“以礼礼宾之”者,以,用也。用乡饮酒之礼,以礼贤者、能者,宾客之举。
○注“贤者”至“宾之”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)德(de)行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,欲见贤(xian)(xian)与德(de)行(xing)为(wei)一,在身(shen)为(wei)德(de),施之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)行(xing),内外兼备即为(wei)贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)道(dao)艺(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,郑亦见道(dao)艺(yi)(yi)与能(neng)为(wei)一。上(shang)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),政(zheng)令行(xing),以其(qi)(qi)身(shen)有(you)道(dao)艺(yi)(yi)”,则(ze)政(zheng)教可行(xing)是(shi)能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“众(zhong)寡,谓乡人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)多少(shao)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡饮(yin)酒》,堂上(shang)堂下皆(jie)有(you)众(zhong)宾,不言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)数,此经(jing)众(zhong)寡两言(yan)(yan),无(wu)问多少(shao),皆(jie)来(lai)观礼(li),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)无(wu)多少(shao)也(ye)。郑司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“若今举孝廉(lian)及(ji)茂才(cai)(cai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),孝悌、廉(lian),人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)行(xing),故(gu)以孝廉(lian)况贤(xian)(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。茂才(cai)(cai)则(ze)秀(xiu)才(cai)(cai)也(ye),才(cai)(cai),人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)艺(yi)(yi),故(gu)以况能(neng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。“玄谓变举言(yan)(yan)兴”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《礼(li)记·文(wen)王世子》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“或以事举,或以言(yan)(yan)扬。”故(gu)今责(ze)人(ren)皆(jie)称举,今变举言(yan)(yan)兴。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓合(he)(he)众(zhong)而(er)尊宠之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),合(he)(he)众(zhong)即此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)乡老及(ji)乡大夫(fu)已下是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡饮(yin)酒之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则(ze)《仪礼(li)》篇饮(yin)酒宾举之(zhi)(zhi)法是(shi)也(ye)。
厥明,乡老及乡大夫群吏献贤能之书于王,王再拜受之,登于天府,内史贰之。(厥,其也。其宾之明日也。献犹进也。王拜受之,重得贤者。王上其书於天府。天府,掌祖庙之宝藏者。内史,副写其书者,当诏王爵禄之时。
○上其,时掌反(fan)。藏,才浪反(fan)。)
[疏]“厥明”至“贰之”
○释曰:厥明者,谓今日行乡饮酒之礼也,至其明日,表奏於王。
○注“厥其”至“之时”
○释曰:云“天府(fu)(fu)掌祖庙之宝藏(zang)”者,是《春(chun)官·天府(fu)(fu)职》文也。引之者,欲见天府(fu)(fu)掌宝物(wu),贤能之书(shu)亦是宝物(wu),故(gu)藏(zang)於天府(fu)(fu)。云“内(nei)史副(fu)写(xie)其书(shu)者”,贰,副(fu)也。内(nei)史副(fu)写(xie)一通文书(shu),拟(ni)授爵(jue)禄。案(an):《内(nei)史职》有(you)策命诸侯群臣之事,故(gu)使(shi)内(nei)史贰之。
退而以乡射之礼五物询众庶,一曰和,二曰容,三曰主皮,四曰和容,五曰兴舞。(以,用也。行乡射之礼,而以五物询於众民。郑司农云:“询,谋也。问於众庶,宁复有贤能者。和谓闺门之内行也。容谓容貌也。主皮谓善射。射所以观士也。”故书舞为无。杜子春读和容为和颂,谓能为乐也;无读为舞,谓能为六舞。玄谓和载六德,容包六行也。庶民无射礼,因田猎分禽则有主皮。主皮者,张皮射之,无侯也。主皮、和容、兴舞,则六艺之射与礼乐与?当射之时,民必观焉,因询之也。孔子射於矍相之圃,盖观者如堵墙。射至於司马,使子路执弓矢,出誓射者。又使公罔之裘、序点扬觯而语。询众庶之仪若是乎?
○宁复,扶又(you)反(fan)(fan),下“犹复”同。皮(pi)射之,食亦反(fan)(fan)。乐与,音(yin)馀(yu)。矍,俱缚(fu)专(zhuan)反(fan)(fan),本或作瞿,音(yin)同。相,息亮反(fan)(fan)。堵,丁古反(fan)(fan)。觯,支豉(chi)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“退而”至“兴舞”
○释曰:言“退”者,谓献贤能之书於王,退来乡内。云“以乡射之礼”者,州长春秋二时习射於序,名为乡射。今乡大夫还用此乡射之礼。云“五物询众庶”者,物,事也。“一曰”、“二曰”已下是也。
○注“以用也”至“是乎”
○释曰(yue):“行(xing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)今(jin)(jin)《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)·乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“豫则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)钩楹内(nei),堂(tang)(tang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)内(nei)楹外(wai)(wai)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“序(xu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)物(wu)当栋,堂(tang)(tang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)物(wu)当楣。”堂(tang)(tang)谓(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)学,据乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)所行(xing)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。豫谓(wei)州(zhou)长(zhang)春(chun)秋二(er)时(shi)习(xi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於(wu)序(xu)。司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“和谓(wei)闺门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)父(fu)子(zi)(zi)主和,故(gu)和谓(wei)闺门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)谓(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)貌也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仪,故(gu)知容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)貌也(ye)(ye)。後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从此(ci)(ci)义(yi)。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)“读和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)为(wei)(wei)和颂,谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)乐也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兴(xing)舞(wu)即舞(wu)乐,今(jin)(jin)又(you)以(yi)和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)谓(wei)能(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)乐,故(gu)後郑(zheng)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)从。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)和载六(liu)(liu)德,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)包六(liu)(liu)行(xing)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),破司(si)农、子(zi)(zi)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。案(an)大(da)司(si)徒以(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)三(san)物(wu)教(jiao)万(wan)民,教(jiao)成(cheng)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)兴(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明此(ci)(ci)询(xun)(xun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)还是(shi)(shi)三(san)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)三(san)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)别有和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)。又(you)且(qie)主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)兴(xing)舞(wu)是(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),明此(ci)(ci)和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)德六(liu)(liu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中。在(zai)(zai)下谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)载,和在(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)和载六(liu)(liu)德。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)包六(liu)(liu)行(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)(zai)上谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)在(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)包六(liu)(liu)行(xing)。必(bi)(bi)知容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)得(de)为(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《汉书(shu)》“高(gao)堂(tang)(tang)生(sheng)善为(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)”,容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。善为(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)合於(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)仪,故(gu)以(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)为(wei)(wei)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庶民无(wu)(wu)(wu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子(zi)(zi)至士(shi),有大(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、宾射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因(yin)田(tian)猎分禽(qin),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《大(da)司(si)马(ma)职》大(da)兽公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),小禽(qin)私之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。至舍,更与在(zai)(zai)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。“主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),张皮(pi)(pi)(pi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)(wu)(wu)侯(hou)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),自士(shi)已上,张皮(pi)(pi)(pi)侯(hou)、采侯(hou)、兽侯(hou)、庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)主射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)此(ci)(ci)皮(pi)(pi)(pi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)侯(hou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、兴(xing)舞(wu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)与礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐与”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)此(ci)(ci)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)以(yi)主皮(pi)(pi)(pi)当射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),和容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)当礼(li)(li)(li)(li),兴(xing)舞(wu)当乐。若然,三(san)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,其(qi)(qi)事(shi)一十有八。今(jin)(jin)六(liu)(liu)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中唯(wei)(wei)问和,六(liu)(liu)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中唯(wei)(wei)问容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong),六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中唯(wei)(wei)问礼(li)(li)(li)(li)乐。独问此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既贡贤(xian)於(wu)王,其(qi)(qi)馀(yu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)未(wei)能(neng)(neng)尽备,故(gu)略举(ju)五者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。六(liu)(liu)德是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)问下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);六(liu)(liu)行(xing)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)小者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)问上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)艺(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,礼(li)(li)(li)(li)以(yi)安(an)上治民,乐以(yi)移风易(yi)俗。男(nan)子(zi)(zi)生(sheng),设(she)弧於(wu)门(men)左,射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)是(shi)(shi)男(nan)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急(ji),故(gu)特(te)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自馀(yu)略而不(bu)(bu)(bu)说。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“当射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),民必(bi)(bi)观(guan)焉(yan),因(yin)询(xun)(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)记(ji)》“唯(wei)(wei)君有射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)于国中,其(qi)(qi)馀(yu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)否”。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)习(xi)武事(shi)於(wu)君侧(ce)。”以(yi)其(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)城外(wai)(wai),众(zhong)庶皆观(guan)焉(yan),故(gu)得(de)询(xun)(xun)此(ci)(ci)五物(wu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孔子(zi)(zi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於(wu)矍相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃已下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)义(yi)》文。天子(zi)(zi)诸侯(hou)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),先(xian)行(xing)燕(yan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。卿大(da)夫(fu)士(shi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),先(xian)行(xing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)。时(shi)孔子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)先(xian)行(xing)饮酒(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)孔子(zi)(zi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於(wu)矍相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃。矍相,地名。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)在(zai)(zai)国射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),故(gu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)於(wu)矍相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圃。“盖观(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如堵墙”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)内(nei)众(zhong)庶皆集在(zai)(zai)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)所,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)观(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如堵墙。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)至於(wu)司(si)马(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)必(bi)(bi)立(li)司(si)正,於(wu)将射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),变司(si)正为(wei)(wei)司(si)马(ma)也(ye)(ye)。案(an)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》、《大(da)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)》,司(si)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)执(zhi)弓(gong)(gong)矢。今(jin)(jin)此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)子(zi)(zi)路执(zhi)弓(gong)(gong)矢,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)子(zi)(zi)路为(wei)(wei)司(si)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)(zi)路出誓”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)众(zhong)庶多,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可尽与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she),故(gu)誓去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“又(you)使公(gong)罔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裘(qiu)、序(xu)点扬(yang)觯(zhi)而语(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li),一人(ren)(ren)(ren)举(ju)觯(zhi)为(wei)(wei)旅酬始(shi),二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)举(ju)觯(zhi)为(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)算(suan)爵始(shi)。射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)算(suan)爵前。今(jin)(jin)誓在(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)爵後者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)实在(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)算(suan)爵前,今(jin)(jin)未(wei)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,用(yong)此(ci)(ci)无(wu)(wu)(wu)算(suan)爵礼(li)(li)(li)(li),二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)举(ju)觯(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,以(yi)誓众(zhong)庶耳(er)。非(fei)谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)射(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)在(zai)(zai)无(wu)(wu)(wu)算(suan)爵後。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“询(xun)(xun)众(zhong)庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪若是(shi)(shi)乎(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),孔子(zi)(zi)谓(wei)诸侯(hou)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu),此(ci)(ci)经是(shi)(shi)天子(zi)(zi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu),引彼以(yi)证(zheng)此(ci)(ci),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乎(hu)”以(yi)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
此谓使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)兴贤(xian),出使(shi)(shi)长之(zhi);使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)兴能,入(ru)使(shi)(shi)治之(zhi)。(言(yan)是乃所谓使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)自(zi)举贤(xian)者(zhe),因出之(zhi)而使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)长民(min)(min),教(jiao)以德行道艺於外(wai)也(ye)。使(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)自(zi)举能者(zhe),因入(ru)之(zhi)而使(shi)(shi)之(zhi)治民(min)(min)之(zhi)贡(gong)赋(fu)田役之(zhi)事於内也(ye)。言(yan)为政以顺民(min)(min)为本也(ye)。《书》曰:“天聪(cong)明(ming)自(zi)我民(min)(min)聪(cong)明(ming),天明(ming)威自(zi)我民(min)(min)明(ming)威。”《老子》曰:“圣人无(wu)常心(xin),以百姓(xing)心(xin)为心(xin)。”如是则古今未(wei)有遗民(min)(min)而可(ke)为治。)
[疏]“此谓”至“治之”
○释曰:言“此谓使民兴贤”者,谓上经宾举者皆民中举之,还使治民,故云此谓使民兴贤。“出使长之”,谓使乡外与民为君长。云“使民兴能,入使治之”者,谓能者复来入乡中,治民之贡赋。
○注“言是”至“为治”
○释曰(yue):云“使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)自举贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),因出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),教以(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)行道(dao)艺於(wu)(wu)外也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)贤(xian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)德(de)(de)大(da),故(gu)遣出外,或为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)鄙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,或诸侯,皆可(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其自有(you)德(de)(de)行道(dao)艺,故(gu)还(hai)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)行道(dao)艺。云“使民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)自举能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),因入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贡(gong)(gong)赋田役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事於(wu)(wu)内也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)德(de)(de)小,不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)夫诸侯等,故(gu)还(hai)入(ru)乡(xiang)中,量德(de)(de)大(da)小,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)比长(zhang)(zhang)、ガ长(zhang)(zhang)已上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贡(gong)(gong)赋田役(yi)於(wu)(wu)内也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“言(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政以(yi)(yi)(yi)顺民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《礼记》云:“上酌民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)言(yan),则下(xia)天(tian)(tian)上施(shi)。上不酌民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)言(yan),则下(xia)不天(tian)(tian)上施(shi)。”故(gu)寻为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政以(yi)(yi)(yi)顺民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书》曰(yue)“天(tian)(tian)聪(cong)明(ming)(ming)”已下(xia),是(shi)(shi)《尚书·咎繇篇(pian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自,用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)天(tian)(tian)虽聪(cong)明(ming)(ming),视听(ting)既远,不自用(yong)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聪(cong)明(ming)(ming),用(yong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)聪(cong)明(ming)(ming)。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),则授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)位,谓若汤、武是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)明(ming)(ming)威自我(wo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)明(ming)(ming)威者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),威,畏(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)虽明(ming)(ming)察可(ke)畏(wei)(wei),不自用(yong)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)威,用(yong)我(wo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)明(ming)(ming)威。民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)所叛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓若桀、纣是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“《老子》曰(yue):圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)无(wu)常(chang)心(xin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)百姓心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但圣(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)形如枯木,心(xin)若死灰,空洞(dong)无(wu)我(wo),故(gu)无(wu)常(chang)心(xin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)百姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证顺民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云“如是(shi)(shi)则古(gu)人(ren)(ren)未有(you)遗民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而可(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)聪(cong)明(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)古(gu),《老子》与(yu)此文为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)今,皆顺民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云古(gu)今未有(you)遗民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)而可(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
岁终,则令六乡之吏(li)皆会政致(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。(会,计也。致(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),言(yan)其岁尽文书(shu)。)
[疏]“年终”至“致事”
○释曰:年终将考其(qi)得失,则(ze)令六乡(xiang)之吏州长已(yi)下,皆计会教(jiao)政之功状(zhuang),致其(qi)所掌之事於乡(xiang)大夫。乡(xiang)大夫以下,致与大司徒(tu),然後(hou)考之。
正岁(sui),令(ling)群吏考法于司徒,以退,各宪之於其所(suo)治之国。
[疏(shu)]释(shi)曰:正(zheng)岁(sui),建寅之(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),乡大夫令州长已下群吏(li),令使考(kao)法於(wu)(wu)司徒,正(zheng)谓受而考(kao)量行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi),故云“以(yi)退(tui),各宪之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)其所治”。宪者,表县之(zhi)(zhi)也。
大(da)询(xun)于(yu)众(zhong)庶,则各帅其乡之众(zhong)寡而(er)致於(wu)朝。(大(da)询(xun)者,询(xun)国危、询(xun)国迁、询(xun)立君。郑司农云(yun):“大(da)询(xun)于(yu)众(zhong)庶,《洪范》所谓‘谋及庶民’。”)
[疏]“大询”至“於朝”
○释曰:国有大事,必顺於民心,故与众庶询谋。则六乡大夫各帅其乡之众寡而致於朝,谓外朝三槐九棘之所,共询谋之。
○注“大询”至“庶民”
○释(shi)曰:知“大(da)(da)询(xun),询(xun)国(guo)危、询(xun)国(guo)迁、询(xun)立(li)君(jun)”者(zhe)(zhe),案《小(xiao)司(si)寇职》云(yun)(yun)“掌外朝(chao)之政(zheng),以(yi)致万(wan)民(min)(min)而询(xun)焉,一曰询(xun)国(guo)危”。已安庶(shu)(shu)民(min)(min),云(yun)(yun)国(guo)大(da)(da)询(xun)于众(zhong)庶(shu)(shu)而致於朝(chao),故(gu)知大(da)(da)询(xun)者(zhe)(zhe),询(xun)国(guo)危之等。此三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是国(guo)之大(da)(da)事,故(gu)称大(da)(da)询(xun)。《小(xiao)司(si)寇》虽不云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da),《大(da)(da)卜》云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)贞(zhen)”,即此询(xun)国(guo)危之等也。“郑司(si)农云(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)询(xun)於众(zhong)庶(shu)(shu)”,引(yin)《洪范(fan)》所谓(wei)“谋(mou)及庶(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)”者(zhe)(zhe),彼谋(mou)及庶(shu)(shu)民(min)(min)即大(da)(da)询(xun)於众(zhong)庶(shu)(shu),一也,故(gu)引(yin)为证(zheng)。
国(guo)有大故,则令民各(ge)守其闾(lv)(lv),以待政令。(使民皆聚(ju)於闾(lv)(lv)胥所治(zhi)处(chu)。)
[疏]“国有”至“政令”
○释曰:“大故”,谓灾变寇戎之等。警急须人,故乡大夫令州长已下,使民各守其闾胥所治处,以待国之政令。
○注“使民”至“治处”
○释曰(yue):二十五家为(wei)闾,中士为(wei)闾胥(xu),则(ze)有治政之处以聚其民。
以(yi)旌节辅令,则达之(zhi)。(民(min)虽(sui)以(yi)徵令行(xing),其将之(zhi)者无(wu)节,则不得通(tong)。)
[疏]“以旌”至“达之”
○释曰:国(guo)有大事,故(gu)恐有奸寇,故(gu)使(shi)民(min)徵令出入(ru)来往,皆须得(de)旌节,辅此徵令文(wen)书(shu),乃得(de)通达使(shi)过。故(gu)郑云“民(min)虽以(yi)徵令行(xing),其将之者无(wu)节,则不得(de)通”。
州(zhou)长(zhang),各(ge)掌其州(zhou)之教(jiao)治政令之法。(郑司(si)农(nong)云(yun):“二千五(wu)百(bai)家(jia)为州(zhou)。《论语》曰(yue):‘虽州(zhou)里(li)行(xing)乎哉。’《春(chun)秋传》曰(yue):‘乡(xiang)取一人焉以归,谓之夏州(zhou)。’”)
[疏]“州长”至“之法”
○释曰:一乡管五州,事大夫一人为州长,故云州长各掌其州之教也。教谓十二教。云“治政令之法”者,谓十二教之外,所施政令皆治之。
○注“郑司”至“夏州”
○释曰(yue):二千(qian)五(wu)百(bai)家为(wei)州(zhou)(zhou)者,虽无正文(wen),约则有之。案上(shang)文(wen),五(wu)家为(wei)比、五(wu)比为(wei)闾(lv)、四闾(lv)为(wei)族(zu)、五(wu)族(zu)为(wei)党(dang)、五(wu)党(dang)为(wei)州(zhou)(zhou),州(zhou)(zhou)二千(qian)五(wu)百(bai)家也(ye)。又(you)引“《春秋(qiu)传(chuan)》曰(yue)”已下者,案《左氏》宣(xuan)公十一(yi)年传(chuan)曰(yue):“楚(chu)子伐(fa)陈(chen)(chen),遂入陈(chen)(chen),杀夏(xia)徵舒,因县陈(chen)(chen)。申叔时谏,乃(nai)复(fu)封陈(chen)(chen),乡取(qu)一(yi)人焉(yan)以归(gui),谓之夏(xia)州(zhou)(zhou)。”注云:“言取(qu)讨夏(xia)徵舒之州(zhou)(zhou)。”引此者,以证有州(zhou)(zhou)之义也(ye)。
正月之吉,各属其州之民而读法,以考其德行道艺而劝之,以纠其过恶而戒之。(属犹合也,聚也。因聚众而劝戒之者,欲其善。
○属(shu),音烛,注下皆同。)
[疏]“正月”至“戒之”
○释曰:谓建子之月一日也。“各属其州之民”者,属犹合也,聚也,谓合聚一州之民也。“而读法”者,谓对众读一年政令及十二教之法,使知之。云“以考其德行道艺而劝之”者,谓考量民之六德、六行及六艺之道艺,而劝勉之,使之勤。云“以纠其过恶而戒之”者,民有过恶,纠察,与之罪而惩戒之。
○注“属犹”至“其善”
○释曰(yue):言“因(yin)聚(ju)众(zhong)而(er)劝(quan)(quan)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)”者,谓欲劝(quan)(quan)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)必须聚(ju)众(zhong),故言因(yin)聚(ju)众(zhong)而(er)劝(quan)(quan)戒(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),欲其善也。
若以岁时祭祀州社,则属其民而读法,亦如之。春秋以礼会民而射于州序。(序,州党之学也。会民而射,所以正其志也。《射义》曰:“射之为言绎也。绎者,各绎己之志。”
○会,如字,注同。)
[疏]“若以”至“州序”
○释曰:上云岁时,皆谓岁之四时,此云岁时,唯谓岁之二时春秋耳。春祭社,以祈膏雨,望五丰熟。秋祭社者,以百丰稔,所以。故云祭祀州社也。云“则属其民而读法亦如之”者,凡读法,皆因即会以聚民。今既祭,因聚民而读法,故云亦如之。云“春秋以礼会民而射于州序”者,州长因春秋二时皆以礼会聚其民,而行射礼于州之序学中。言“以礼”者,亦谓先行乡饮酒之礼乃射,故云以礼也。
○注“序州”至“之志”
○释(shi)曰:此知“序,州党(dang)学(xue)”者,案下(xia)《党(dang)正》亦云(yun)“饮(yin)酒(jiu)于(yu)(yu)序”,故(gu)知州党(dang)学(xue)同名(ming)为(wei)序。若(ruo)乡则立庠(xiang),故(gu)《礼记·乡饮(yin)酒(jiu)义》云(yun):“主人(ren)迎宾(bin)于(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)门(men)之外(wai)。”彼乡大夫行(xing)宾(bin)贤能(neng),非(fei)州长党(dang)正所行(xing),故(gu)知庠(xiang)则乡学(xue)也。云(yun)“会民而射(she)(she),所以正其(qi)志(zhi)也”者,凡礼射(she)(she),皆须存其(qi)志(zhi)意,故(gu)郑即引《射(she)(she)义》曰“射(she)(she)之为(wei)言(yan)绎也,绎者,各(ge)绎己(ji)之志(zhi)。”绎,陈也。言(yan)各(ge)陈己(ji)志(zhi)者,谓若(ruo)《射(she)(she)义》云(yun)“射(she)(she)者,内志(zhi)正,外(wai)体直,乃能(neng)中之”是(shi)也。
凡州(zhou)(zhou)之大(da)祭祀、大(da)丧(sang)、皆莅其事。(大(da)祭祀,谓州(zhou)(zhou)社稷也。大(da)丧(sang),乡老、乡大(da)夫於(wu)是卒者也。莅,临(lin)也。)
[疏]“凡州”至“其事”
○释曰:云“凡”者,以其大祭大丧非一,故云凡也。云“州之大祭祀、大丧”者,则非国家祭祀丧事。谓州之大祭,唯有春秋祭社也。州之大丧者,三公、乡大夫之丧也。云“皆莅其事”者,二州长皆临其事也。
○注“大祭”至“临也”
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)“大(da)祭(ji)祀(si)谓州(zhou)(zhou)社(she)(she)稷”者,以(yi)上文云“岁时祭(ji)祀(si)州(zhou)(zhou)社(she)(she)”,此(ci)经又因言(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)祭(ji)祀(si),故(gu)知还是(shi)上文州(zhou)(zhou)社(she)(she)也。知有稷者,以(yi)其天子诸(zhu)侯三社(she)(she),皆稷对之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)知兼(jian)有稷也。言(yan)“州(zhou)(zhou)社(she)(she)”者,若言(yan)大(da)社(she)(she)、国社(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,又对党(dang)祭(ji)、族(zu)祭(ji),故(gu)此(ci)特言(yan)州(zhou)(zhou)社(she)(she)也。云“大(da)丧,乡老乡大(da)夫(fu)”者,以(yi)其远郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内置六乡,乡老与(yu)乡大(da)夫(fu)死,不出(chu)六乡,要(yao)在一乡、一州(zhou)(zhou)、一党(dang)、一族(zu)、一闾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。今据州(zhou)(zhou)而(er)言(yan),故(gu)云“於是(shi)卒者”也。
若国作民而(er)师田行役之事,则(ze)帅而(er)致(zhi)(zhi)之,掌其(qi)戒令(ling)与其(qi)赏罚。(致(zhi)(zhi)之,致(zhi)(zhi)之於(wu)司徒也。掌其(qi)戒令(ling)赏罚,则(ze)是於(wu)军因为师帅。)
[疏]“若国”至“赏罚”
○释曰:言“若”者,不定之辞。若,如也。如有国家作起其民。师谓征伐,田谓田猎,行谓巡狩,役谓役作。此数事者,皆须徵聚其民。州长则各帅其民而致之于司徒也。云“掌其戒令与其赏罚”者,州长既致其民,还自领己民为师帅,故还使州长掌之也。
○注“致之”至“师帅”
○释曰(yue):云“致之(zhi)於司(si)徒也(ye)”者,谓州(zhou)(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)致与(yu)小(xiao)司(si)徒,小(xiao)司(si)徒乃帅(shuai)而致与(yu)大司(si)徒,故(gu)小(xiao)《司(si)徒职》云“大军(jun)旅帅(shuai)其众庶(shu)”是也(ye)。云“因(yin)(yin)为师帅(shuai)”者,若(ruo)众属(shu)军(jun)吏(li),别有军(jun)吏(li)掌之(zhi),何得还自掌之(zhi),故(gu)知因(yin)(yin)为师帅(shuai)也(ye)。但在乡为州(zhou)(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)已管其民(min),在军(jun)还领(ling)己(ji)民(min)为师帅(shuai),即是因(yin)(yin)内政寄军(jun)令也(ye)。
岁终,则会其州之政令。正岁则读教法如初。(虽以正月读之,至正岁犹复读之,因此四时之正重申之。
○重(zhong),直用反。)
[疏]“岁终”至“如初”
○释曰:既(ji)不言正岁之(zhi)(zhi)终,《周礼》之(zhi)(zhi)内直言岁终者,皆是周之(zhi)(zhi)岁终也。言“则会其州之(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)令”者,谓会计当州。党正己下政(zheng)令文书,将以考(kao)课也。云“正岁则读(du)教(jiao)法(fa)如初”者,以其建寅之(zhi)(zhi)月得四时之(zhi)(zhi)正,於教(jiao)令审,故又读(du)教(jiao)法(fa)。言如初者,亦当属民读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
三年(nian)大(da)比,则大(da)考州里,以赞乡大(da)夫废兴(xing)。(废兴(xing),所废退、所兴(xing)进也。郑司(si)农云:“赞,助(zhu)也。”)
[疏]“三年”至“废兴”
○释曰:州长至三年(nian)(nian)大案比(bi)之日则(ze)(ze)大考州里者,谓年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)考讫,至三年(nian)(nian)则(ze)(ze)大考之。言大者,时有黜陟废兴故也。
党正,各掌其党之政令教治。(郑司农云:“五百家为党。《论语》曰‘孔子於乡党’。又曰‘阙党童子’。”
○治(zhi),直吏反,《族师》“治(zhi)令”同。)
[疏]“党正”至“教治”
○释曰:言“各”者,一乡有二十五党,故各掌其党之政令及十二教与治职文书。
○注“郑司”至“童子”
○释曰:先郑知“五(wu)百家为党”者,以其(qi)五(wu)家为比,五(wu)比为闾,四闾为族,五(wu)族为党,故(gu)知也。引《论语》者,证(zheng)有(you)党义也。
及四时之孟月吉日,则属民而读邦法以纠戒之。(以四孟之月朔日读法者,弥亲民者於教亦弥数。
○数,音所角(jiao)反。)
[疏]“及四”至“戒之”
○释曰:及,至也。党正四时孟月吉日则属民而读邦法者,因纠戒之,如州长之为也。
○注“以四”至“弥数”
○释曰:云(yun)“以四孟之(zhi)月朔日读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)者,弥(mi)亲民(min)(min)者於(wu)教(jiao)亦(yi)弥(mi)数”者,上(shang)文州长(zhang)唯有建(jian)子、建(jian)寅(yin)及(ji)春(chun)秋(qiu)祭社四度读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。此党(dang)正(zheng)四孟及(ji)下文春(chun)秋(qiu)祭并正(zheng)岁,一年七(qi)度读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)者,以其乡(xiang)大夫管五州,去(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)远,不读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa);州长(zhang)管五党(dang),去(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)渐亲,故(gu)四读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa);党(dang)正(zheng)去(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)弥(mi)亲,故(gu)七(qi)读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。郑云(yun)弥(mi)亲民(min)(min)者,则非直徒解党(dang)正(zheng)而(er)已(yi)。案下族师(shi)十四教(jiao)读(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa),弥(mi)多(duo)於(wu)此,故(gu)郑玄释云(yun)弥(mi)亲民(min)(min)者於(wu)教(jiao)亦(yi)弥(mi)数也(ye)。
春秋祭,亦如之。(谓雩水旱之神。盖亦为坛位,如祭社稷云。
○,荣敬反。)
[疏]“春秋”至“如之”党正不得与州同祭社,故亦春秋祭神也。
○注“谓”至“稷云”
○释曰:郑知“祭(ji)谓雩(yu)(yu)水(shui)旱之(zhi)神”者,案(an)《礼记·祭(ji)法》云“雩(yu)(yu)祭(ji)水(shui)旱”。案(an)昭公元(yuan)年《左氏传》,子产云:“水(shui)旱疠疫之(zhi)不(bu)时,於是乎之(zhi)。”皆(jie)是祭(ji)水(shui)旱神也(ye)。云“盖亦(yi)为坛(tan)位(wei),如祭(ji)社(she)稷(ji)云”者,以其《大司徒》及《封人》等皆(jie)云社(she)稷(ji)有(you)坛(tan),又《祭(ji)法》王宫祭(ji)日及雩(yu)(yu)祭(ji)水(shui)旱等皆(jie)是坛(tan)名,故(gu)知亦(yi)如社(she)稷(ji)有(you)坛(tan)位(wei)。无正文,故(gu)言“云”以疑之(zhi)也(ye)。
国索鬼神而祭祀,则以礼属民,而饮酒于序以正齿位:壹命齿于乡里,再命齿于父族,三命而不齿。(国索鬼神而祭祀,谓岁十二月大蜡之时,建亥之月也。正齿位者,《乡饮酒义》所谓“六十者坐,五十者立侍。六十者三豆,七十者四豆,八十者五豆,九十者六豆”是也。必正之者,为民三时务农,将阙於礼,至此农隙而教之尊长养老,见孝悌之道也。党正饮酒礼亡,以此事属於乡饮酒之义,微失少矣。凡射饮酒,此乡民虽为卿大夫,必来观礼,《乡饮酒》、《乡射记》“大夫乐作不入,士既旅不入”是也。齿于乡里者,以年与众宾相次也。齿于父族者,父族有为宾者,以年与之相次;异姓虽有老者,居於其上。不齿者,席于尊东,所谓遵。
○蜡(la),仕诈反,依字作(zuo)礻昔。为,于伪反。隙,去逆反,本又作(zuo)。弟(di),音悌,下同。)
[疏]“国索”至“不齿”
○释曰:党正行正齿位之礼,在十二月建亥之月为之,非蜡祭之礼。而此云“国索鬼神而祭祀”者,以其正齿位礼在蜡月,故言之以为节耳。当国索鬼神而祭祀之时,则党正属聚其民而饮酒于序学中,以行正齿位之法。当正齿位之时,民内有为一命已上,必来观礼,故须言其坐之处。云“一命齿于乡里”者,此党正是天子之国党正,则一命亦天子之臣。若有一命之人来者,即于堂下乡里之中为齿也。云“再命齿于父族”者,谓父族为宾,即与之为齿,年大在宾东,年小在宾西。“三命而不齿”者,若有三命之人来者,纵令父族为宾,亦不与之齿。若非父族,是异姓为宾,灼然不齿,位在宾东,故云不齿也。若然,《典命》虽不见天子之士命数,《序官》有上士、中士、下士,则上士三命,中士二命,下士一命,则此一命谓下士,再命谓中士,三命谓上士也。
○注“国索”至“谓遵”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)“国(guo)索鬼神而(er)(er)祭祀(si),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岁十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蜡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记·郊特牲》文(wen)。“建亥(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)郑君解义(yi)(yi)(yi)语。言(yan)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)》所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)坐(zuo)”至(zhi)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),并(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)文(wen)。案彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)文(wen)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立(li)(li)(li)侍,六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堂(tang)(tang)上(shang)而(er)(er)坐(zuo)。礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),年六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)上(shang),笾豆(dou)(dou)有(you)加(jia),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)得笾豆(dou)(dou)耦。而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)“六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)豆(dou)(dou),七十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四豆(dou)(dou),八十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)豆(dou)(dou),九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)豆(dou)(dou)”若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),则(ze)(ze)(ze)堂(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)二(er)豆(dou)(dou)而(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)经(jing)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“必(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)民三(san)(san)时(shi)务农(nong),将阙於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),至(zhi)此(ci)农(nong)隙而(er)(er)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊长(zhang)养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao),见(jian)(jian)孝弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),春(chun)夏(xia)秋三(san)(san)时(shi),务在(zai)(zai)田野(ye),阙於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)序(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。隙,闲(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)此(ci)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),农(nong)事(shi)(shi)且(qie)闲(xian)而(er)(er)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)尊长(zhang)养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao),即五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)上(shang)至(zhi)九十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)孝弟施于(yu)家内,今行尊长(zhang)养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao),则(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孝弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道通达(da)于(yu)外者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)亡”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》篇(pian)卷并(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,别有(you)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),见(jian)(jian)今十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七篇(pian)内无(wu)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)亡也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)事(shi)(shi)属(shu)于(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)微(wei)失(shi)(shi)少矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)(dan)《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》未(wei)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),篇(pian)内论正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)具悉(xi)。今将此(ci)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)连属(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)》,则(ze)(ze)(ze)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)》唯有(you)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)上(shang)豆(dou)(dou)数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),此(ci)经(jing)唯有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi),二(er)处相兼,比於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《仪礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》篇(pian)中乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)法,义(yi)(yi)(yi)理乃未(wei)足,微(wei)失(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)少,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)徵失(shi)(shi)少矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)射(she)(she)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州长(zhang)春(chun)秋行射(she)(she),党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)行饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu),二(er)事(shi)(shi)俱(ju)同,故(gu)(gu)兼言(yan)射(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)民虽(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu),必(bi)来观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此(ci)经(jing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)三(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),来在(zai)(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)记》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证二(er)事(shi)(shi)俱(ju)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)来入(ru)(ru)(ru)时(shi)节。案彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)经(jing)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)皆(jie)作乐前入(ru)(ru)(ru),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)未(wei)旅前入(ru)(ru)(ru),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)乐作不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)”。郑彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“後(hou)乐贤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既旅不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)”,注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun):“後(hou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然(ran),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)、士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)来观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)为(wei)(wei)(wei)乐贤行礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)至(zhi),故(gu)(gu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)乐作不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)既旅不(bu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)于(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)年与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)众宾(bin)(bin)(bin)相次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)众贤宾(bin)(bin)(bin)客相次(ci)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)于(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)(ju)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)公侯(hou)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)(ju)子(zi)(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),固在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立(li)(li)(li)于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)于(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)族者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),父(fu)(fu)(fu)族有(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)年与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相次(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)在(zai)(zai)户牖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,南面,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同姓(xing)(xing)父(fu)(fu)(fu)族,则(ze)(ze)(ze)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)虽(sui)有(you)老(lao)(lao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),居(ju)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)上(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既言(yan)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)于(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)族,明异(yi)姓(xing)(xing)非(fei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)族,不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)可知。云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)席于(yu)尊东(dong),所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遵(zun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》皆(jie)酒(jiu)(jiu)尊在(zai)(zai)室户东(dong)、房户西,宾(bin)(bin)(bin)主夹(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)来观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),为(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)所遵(zun)法,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)遵(zun),席位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)在(zai)(zai)酒(jiu)(jiu)尊东(dong),公三(san)(san)重,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)再重,故(gu)(gu)知不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)席于(yu)尊东(dong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遵(zun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)》、《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遵(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案郑注(zhu)(zhu)《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)》,云(yun)(yun)“此(ci)篇(pian)无(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)焉”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)年一(yi)(yi)(yi)贡士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),直行饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin),其(qi)(qi)次(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)介,其(qi)(qi)次(ci)又为(wei)(wei)(wei)众宾(bin)(bin)(bin),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)而(er)(er)贡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如此(ci),无(wu)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。案彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)又云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),三(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),爵为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贤能年几必(bi)小於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)三(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),及(ji)公侯(hou)伯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)三(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、子(zi)(zi)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),但(dan)(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)无(wu)问命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)数(shu),皆(jie)不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)已(yi)(yi)上(shang)爵尊故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)当天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),故(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)三(san)(san)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)乃不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)及(ji)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)皆(jie)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卑立(li)(li)(li)于(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)立(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贤能礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)文(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)法,则(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)于(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)里(li),在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi);再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)于(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)族,父(fu)(fu)(fu)族为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)上(shang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)堂(tang)(tang)上(shang)。与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贤能乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)义(yi)(yi)(yi)异(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)射(she)(she)记》云(yun)(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)公士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)此(ci)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu),有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)(yi)上(shang)观(guan)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),则(ze)(ze)(ze)亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)公士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)。但(dan)(dan)公家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)年必(bi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),故(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。苦然(ran),宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贤能,天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)宾(bin)(bin)(bin)贤能,非(fei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法,别为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),故(gu)(gu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)党(dang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)齿(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)异(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡其党之祭祀、丧纪、昏冠、饮酒,教其礼事,掌其戒禁。(其党之民。
○冠,古乱(luan)反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡其”至“戒禁”
○释曰:此一经,并是民之所行,上州之祭祀、大丧义异。此祭祀已下,虽是民之所行,民者,冥也,非教不可,故党正皆教其礼事也。因掌其戒命督禁之。
○注“其党之民”
○释曰(yue):经云“凡其党(dang)之祭祀(si)”之等(deng),言(yan)“凡”是广(guang)及(ji)之言(yan),故云“其党(dang)之民”也。
凡作民(min)而师田行役,则(ze)以其(qi)法治其(qi)政事。(亦於(wu)军(jun)因为旅帅。)
[疏]注“亦於”至“旅帅”
○释曰:此亦如(ru)上(shang)释,非众(zhong)属军(jun)(jun)吏者(zhe)。党正在乡各管五百家,出军(jun)(jun)之时,家出一(yi)人,则五百人为(wei)旅,党正还为(wei)旅帅(shuai),亦如(ru)州(zhou)长因为(wei)师帅(shuai)也。
岁终,则会其党政,帅其吏而(er)致(zhi)事。
[疏(shu)]释曰:党正以(yi)一(yi)党之(zhi)(zhi)内有族师以(yi)下诸官(guan)等,故岁终则(ze)会计一(yi)党政(zheng)治功状,则(ze)帅其(qi)族师以(yi)下之(zhi)(zhi)吏,致(zhi)其(qi)所掌之(zhi)(zhi)事於州长(zhang),州长(zhang)又(you)致(zhi)与(yu)乡大夫,乡大夫致(zhi)与(yu)大司徒而行赏罚也。
正岁,属民读(du)法而书其德行(xing)道艺。(书,记之。)
[疏]注“书记之”
○释(shi)曰(yue):党(dang)正(zheng)於正(zheng)岁(sui)建寅(yin)朔日聚众庶读法,因即书(shu)(shu)(shu)其(qi)德行道艺。郑解书(shu)(shu)(shu)“书(shu)(shu)(shu),记之”者,以其(qi)三(san)年乃一贡,今每年正(zheng)岁(sui)皆(jie)书(shu)(shu)(shu)记劝勉之,三(san)年即贡之也。
以岁时莅校比(bi)。(莅,临也。郑司农云:“校比(bi),《族(zu)(zu)师职》所谓‘以时属(shu)民,而校登其族(zu)(zu)之夫家、众寡,辨其贵贱、老(lao)幼、废疾可任者,及其六(liu)畜、车辇’。如(ru)今小案(an)比(bi)。”)
[疏]“以岁时莅校比”
○释曰:案《族师职》以岁之四时校比,此党正管五族,至校比之时,党正往临之,恐其有差失故也。
○注“莅临”至“案比”
○释曰:。郑司农所(suo)云者,并(bing)《族(zu)师(shi)职(zhi)》文。以其党正(zheng)所(suo)临,临族(zu)师(shi),故还(hai)引族(zu)师(shi)校比(bi)之(zhi)法,以证(zheng)成其义也。云“如今小(xiao)案比(bi)”者,此举汉法。言小(xiao)案比(bi),对三(san)年大比(bi)为小(xiao)耳。
及大比,亦如之。
[疏(shu)]释(shi)曰:及(ji),至也。族师至三年大案比,党正亦莅之。
族师,各(ge)掌其族之(zhi)戒令政事(shi)。(政事(shi),邦政之(zhi)事(shi)。郑司农云:“百家(jia)为族。”)
[疏]“族师”至“政事”
○释曰:云“各掌其族之戒令政事”者,以其族师主百家,各自受法于上,而掌其族戒令政事也。
○注“政事”至“为族”
○释曰:云“政(zheng)事,邦政(zheng)之事”者(zhe),谓(wei)国之征(zheng)役皆是也。先郑云“百(bai)家(jia)为(wei)(wei)族(zu)”者(zhe),亦(yi)约五家(jia)为(wei)(wei)比(bi)、五比(bi)为(wei)(wei)闾、四闾为(wei)(wei)族(zu),政(zheng)知族(zu)百(bai)家(jia)也。
月(yue)吉(ji),则属民而(er)(er)读邦(bang)法,书其孝(xiao)弟睦孝(xiao)有(you)学者。(月(yue)吉(ji),每月(yue)朔日也(ye)。故书上句或无“事”字。杜子(zi)春云:“当为‘正(zheng)月(yue)吉(ji)’。”书亦或为“戒令(ling)政事,月(yue)吉(ji)则属民而(er)(er)读邦(bang)法”。)
[疏]“月吉”至“学者”
○释曰:此族师亦聚众庶而读法,因书其孝弟睦姻有学者。党正直书,德行道艺具言,此云孝弟睦姻,惟据六行之四事。有学,即六艺也。计族师所书,亦应不异党正。但文有详略,故所言有异。但族师亲民,故析别而言耳。
○注“月吉”至“邦法”
○释曰:云(yun)“月(yue)吉(ji),每月(yue)朔日也(ye)”者,以其(qi)弥亲民,教亦(yi)弥数,故十二(er)月(yue)朔皆读之。云(yun)“故书(shu)上句(ju)或(huo)无事字”者,则月(yue)与(yu)上政(zheng)(zheng)字连。政(zheng)(zheng)又为正(zheng)(zheng)字,故杜子(zi)春云(yun)“当为正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)吉(ji)”。但族师亲民,读法(fa)宜(yi)数,若(ruo)为正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)之吉(ji),则与(yu)州(zhou)长(zhang)同(tong),於义不可(ke)。云(yun)“书(shu)亦(yi)或(huo)为戒令政(zheng)(zheng)事,月(yue)吉(ji)则属(shu)民而读邦法(fa)”者,此义还与(yu)经同(tong),於义为得(de)。後郑(zheng)从之,故引之在下也(ye)。
春秋祭,亦如之。(者,为人物灾害之神也。故书或为步,杜子春云:“当为。”玄谓《校人职》又有冬祭马步,则未知此世所云彖螟之与?人鬼之步与?盖亦为坛位如雩云。族长无饮酒之礼,因祭而与其民以长幼相献酬焉。
○,音(yin)步,或音(yin)蒲。校,户教反(fan)(fan)。彖,悦全反(fan)(fan)。螟,觅(mi)经反(fan)(fan)。与,音(yin)馀,下“步与”同。,荣(rong)敬反(fan)(fan),本亦作,下“党”同。)
[疏]“春秋祭亦如之”
○释曰:族师於春秋祭祀神之时,亦如上月朔读法也。
○注“者”至“酬焉”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)“者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)害之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)国之(zhi)(zhi)祈祭(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆恐与(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)灾害。谓若州长(zhang)党正(zheng)所祭(ji)(ji)(ji)社,亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)水旱与(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)灾害,明此亦(yi)是恐与(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)灾害之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)书(shu)或为(wei)(wei)步(bu)(bu),杜(du)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《校人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“马(ma)(ma)步(bu)(bu)”,亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)行步(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)字,而子(zi)(zi)春(chun)破之(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)春(chun)亦(yi)无(wu)正(zheng)文(wen)(wen),直以(yi)(yi)(yi)此经(jing)今(jin)(jin)文(wen)(wen)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng),故(gu)依之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓《校人(ren)(ren)职(zhi)》又(you)有(you)(you)冬祭(ji)(ji)(ji)马(ma)(ma)步(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼是与(yu)(yu)马(ma)(ma)为(wei)(wei)害,故(gu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证此亦(yi)与(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)害。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“则未知(zhi)此世所为(wei)(wei)彖螟之(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)(yu),人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),不知(zhi)何神(shen)(shen),故(gu)举汉(han)法以(yi)(yi)(yi)况(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)。但(dan)汉(han)时有(you)(you)彖螟之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen),又(you)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)步(bu)(bu)神(shen)(shen),未审此经(jing)定当(dang)何,故(gu)两言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)正(zheng)文(wen)(wen),故(gu)皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)(yu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“盖(gai)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)位,如雩云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)党正(zheng)雩,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“盖(gai)亦(yi)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)位,如祭(ji)(ji)(ji)社稷云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”,已疑(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan)位。今(jin)(jin)此文(wen)(wen)约(yue)与(yu)(yu)雩同,故(gu)言(yan)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)疑(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“族(zu)(zu)长(zhang)无(wu)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案:上(shang)州长(zhang)春(chun)秋习射有(you)(you)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li),党正(zheng)十(shi)月农(nong)功毕亦(yi)有(you)(you)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li),皆得(de)官物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)(jin)此族(zu)(zu)卑不得(de)官物(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li)(li),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)族(zu)(zu)无(wu)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)而与(yu)(yu)其民(min)以(yi)(yi)(yi)长(zhang)幼相献酬焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)必知(zhi)因(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)民(min)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《礼(li)(li)(li)记·礼(li)(li)(li)器(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“周旅酬六尸(shi)。曾子(zi)(zi)曰:‘周礼(li)(li)(li)其犹醵(ju)与(yu)(yu)?’”郑(zheng)注彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“合钱(qian)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)(wei)醵(ju),旅酬相酌,似(si)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。”即(ji)引《明堂礼(li)(li)(li)》“乃命国醵(ju)”,郑(zheng)据《礼(li)(li)(li)器(qi)》、《明堂礼(li)(li)(li)》皆有(you)(you)醵(ju)法,醵(ju)即(ji)合钱(qian)饮(yin)(yin)(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)不得(de)官酒(jiu)(jiu),故(gu)须合钱(qian)耳。
以邦(bang)比之(zhi)(zhi)法,帅(shuai)四闾(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)吏,以时属民而校(xiao),登其(qi)族之(zhi)(zhi)夫家(jia)众寡,辨其(qi)贵贱(jian)、老幼、<疒发>疾可任者,及(ji)其(qi)六畜、车(che)辇(nian)。(登,成也,定也。)
[疏]“以邦”至“车辇”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)邦比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),国(guo)(guo)家(jia)有(you)(you)(you)常,故(gu)据其(qi)常法(fa)以(yi)案(an)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)邦比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帅四(si)(si)(si)闾(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)”者(zhe)(zhe),族师管(guan)四(si)(si)(si)闾(lv)(lv),闾(lv)(lv)胥皆(jie)(jie)中士,又有(you)(you)(you)二十比(bi),比(bi)长皆(jie)(jie)下(xia)士,是帅四(si)(si)(si)闾(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)时属民(min)而(er)校”者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)属聚其(qi)民(min)而(er)校比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“登其(qi)族之(zhi)(zhi)夫家(jia)众(zhong)寡”者(zhe)(zhe),夫家(jia)即(ji)男女也(ye)(ye)(ye),有(you)(you)(you)夫有(you)(you)(you)妇乃成家(jia)。自二人(ren)(ren)以(yi)至十人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)九等,七(qi)(qi)六(liu)(liu)五者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)其(qi)中。若(ruo)然(ran),则六(liu)(liu)口为(wei)(wei)中,七(qi)(qi)口已(yi)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)众(zhong),五口已(yi)下(xia)为(wei)(wei)寡。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“辨其(qi)贵(gui)贱、老幼”者(zhe)(zhe),贵(gui)谓(wei)卿大夫,贱谓(wei)占卖(mai)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)斥币、贩易之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye),<疒(chuang)发>疾谓(wei)<疒(chuang)发>於人(ren)(ren)事疾病(bing),若(ruo)今癃不(bu)可(ke)事者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“可(ke)任者(zhe)(zhe)”,谓(wei)若(ruo)国(guo)(guo)中七(qi)(qi)尺(chi)以(yi)及六(liu)(liu)十,野自六(liu)(liu)尺(chi)以(yi)及六(liu)(liu)十五,皆(jie)(jie)征之(zhi)(zhi),则可(ke)任也(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)。及其(qi)六(liu)(liu)畜,马牛羊豕犬鸡。车,驾牛马。辇(nian),人(ren)(ren)免(mian)行,皆(jie)(jie)辨之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
五家为比,十家为联;五人为伍,十人为联;四闾为族,八闾为联。使之相保相受,刑罚庆赏相及相共,以受邦职,以役国事,以相葬。(相共,犹相救相。
○葬,如字,刘才(cai)郎反(fan)。埋(mai),本(ben)或作,莫皆反(fan)。)
[疏]“五家”至“葬埋”
○释曰:云“五家为比,十家为联”,又云“五人为伍,十人为联”者,在家为有五家为比,比长领之,无十家为联相管之法。今云十家为联者,以在军之时,有十人为什,本出於在家,故并二比为十家为联。拟入军时相并,故覆云五人为伍,十人为联,明是在军法耳。云“四闾为族,八闾为联”者,张逸问:“族百家,安得有八闾?”郑答:“并之为联耳。”若然,亦如二比为联之类也。云“使之相保”者,谓相保不为愆负。云“相受”者,谓宅舍有故,相受寄记。云“刑罚庆赏相及”者,案:赵商问:“族师之义,邻比相坐。《康诰》之说,门内尚否。《书》、《礼》是错,未达旨趣。”郑答:“族师之职,周公新制礼,使民相共敕之法。《康诰》之时,周法未定,又新诛三监,务在尚宽,以安天下。先後异时,各有云为,乃谓是错。”
○注“相共”至“相周”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《大司徒职》云:“五(wu)(wu)族为党,使之相救(jiu),五(wu)(wu)党为州,使之相。”此所戒敕,亦与彼同,故引为证(zheng)也(ye)。
若作(zuo)民而(er)师(shi)田行役,则合其卒伍,简其兵器,以鼓铎、旗物帅而(er)至,掌(zhang)其治令(ling)、戒(jie)禁、刑罚。(亦於(wu)军因为(wei)卒长。)
[疏]“若作”至“刑罚”
○释曰:“若作民而师(shi)田行役(yi),则合其(qi)(qi)卒(zu)(zu)伍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),族(zu)师(shi)主百家,家出一人,即为(wei)一卒(zu)(zu),卒(zu)(zu)长(zhang)还(hai)(hai)使族(zu)师(shi)为(wei)之,故(gu)郑云(yun)亦(yi)因为(wei)卒(zu)(zu)长(zhang)也(ye)。云(yun)“简其(qi)(qi)兵器”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在军(jun)即有(you)弓矢(shi)、殳矛(mao)、戈(ge)戟。云(yun)“以鼓(gu)(gu)铎旗物(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《大司(si)马(ma)(ma)》:“春辨鼓(gu)(gu)铎:王执(zhi)路鼓(gu)(gu),诸侯执(zhi)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu),军(jun)将执(zhi)晋鼓(gu)(gu),师(shi)帅(shuai)执(zhi)提,旅帅(shuai)执(zhi)鼙,卒(zu)(zu)长(zhang)执(zhi)铙,两司(si)马(ma)(ma)执(zhi)铎,公司(si)马(ma)(ma)执(zhi)镯。”又《司(si)常》云(yun)“王建大常”已下,是(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)铎旗物(wu)也(ye)。“帅(shuai)而至(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),族(zu)师(shi)以帅(shuai)士卒(zu)(zu)具备,帅(shuai)至(zhi)於(wu)乡师(shi),以致司(si)徒也(ye)。注“亦(yi)於(wu)军(jun)因为(wei)卒(zu)(zu)长(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)释经“掌(zhang)其(qi)(qi)治令”已下,亦(yi)非众属军(jun)吏,还(hai)(hai)是(shi)自为(wei)卒(zu)(zu)长(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。
岁终,则会政致事。
闾(lv)(lv)(lv)胥,各掌其闾(lv)(lv)(lv)之徵令。(郑司农云:“二(er)十五家为闾(lv)(lv)(lv)。”)
[疏]注“郑司”至“为闾”
○释曰:先(xian)郑知(zhi)“二十五(wu)家(jia)(jia)为闾”者,以其(qi)五(wu)家(jia)(jia)为比,五(wu)比为闾,故知(zhi)闾二十五(wu)家(jia)(jia)也。而(er)云“各掌其(qi)闾之徵(zhi)令(ling)”者,徵(zhi)令(ling)即(ji)下文(wen)岁时以下之事是也。
以岁时各数其闾之众寡,辨其施舍。凡春秋之祭祀、役政、丧纪之数,聚众庶;既比,则读法,书其敬敏任恤者。(祭祀,谓州社、党、族也。役、田役也。政若州射党饮酒也。丧纪,大丧之事也。四者及比,皆会聚众民,因以读法以敕戒之。故书“既”为“暨”。杜子春读政为征,暨为既。
○数,色主(zhu)反(fan)(fan)。政役,如(ru)字,杜音征。会(hui),如(ru)字,下会(hui)同。暨,其器反(fan)(fan),又斤(jin)乙反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“以岁”至“恤者”
○释曰:言“以岁时”者,谓岁之四时。云“各数其闾之众寡”者,闾胥各自数当闾之内户口多少。云“辨其施舍”者,亦谓国中七尺以及六十、野自六尺以及六十有五,皆征之,已外施舍不役。云“凡春秋之祭社、役政、丧纪之数,聚众庶”者,谓州长、党正、族师祭祀及役政与王家丧纪,闾胥皆为之聚众庶,以待驱使也。云“既比则读法”者,上族师已上官尊,读法虽稀稠不同,皆有时节,但闾胥官卑而於民为近,读法无有时节,但是聚众庶比之时节读法,故云既比则读法。云“书其敬敏任恤”者,以上书其德行道艺,今此闾胥亲民更近,故除任恤六行之外,兼记敬敏者也。
○注“祭祀”至“为既”
○释曰:知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“祭(ji)祀(si)谓州(zhou)社、党(dang)、族”者(zhe),以其党(dang)乡之(zhi)(zhi)内,所有祭(ji)祀(si)无过此三者(zhe)而已,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义然也(ye)(ye)。云“役(yi),田(tian)役(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),上文(wen)师(shi)田(tian)行役(yi)并言,则役(yi)是(shi)役(yi)作。但田(tian)是(shi)国之(zhi)(zhi)常事,田(tian)重於功作,此文(wen)不云田(tian),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi)是(shi)田(tian)役(yi)也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“政(zheng)是(shi)州(zhou)射党(dang)饮酒(jiu)(jiu)”者(zhe),政(zheng)与上祭(ji)祀(si)连文(wen),聚众庶,故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若州(zhou)射及党(dang)饮酒(jiu)(jiu)也(ye)(ye)。云“丧(sang)纪大(da)丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),此大(da)丧(sang),王之(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),以其聚众庶,明非上州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)丧(sang),故(gu)(gu)以王之(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)解之(zhi)(zhi)。
凡事,掌其比<角黄>挞罚之事。(<角黄>挞者,失礼之罚也。<角黄>用酒,其爵以兕角为之。挞,扑也。故书或言“<角黄>挞之罚事”杜子春云:“当言<角黄>挞罚之事。”
○<角(jiao)黄>,古横反。挞(ta),吐达反。扑,普卜反。)
[疏]“凡事”至“之事”
○释曰:言“凡”,非一,则是乡饮酒及乡射饮酒有失礼者须罚之,故云凡事。云“掌其比”者,人聚则有校比之法,皆掌之。云“<角黄>挞罚之事”者,凡有失礼者,轻者以<角黄>酒罚之,重者以楚挞之,故双言<角黄>挞罚之事。
○注“<角黄>挞”至“之事”
○释(shi)曰(yue):郑知“<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>用酒(jiu)”者,以(yi)其古者失礼(li)之罚(fa)(fa),罚(fa)(fa)用酒(jiu)。又(you)知“其爵以(yi)兕角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为之”者,见《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“兕<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>其”,故知用兕牛角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>爵也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“挞(ta),扑(pu)也(ye)。”《尚书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“扑(pu)作教刑(xing)”。孔云(yun)(yun)(yun)“扑(pu),贾楚”,故知此挞(ta)亦扑(pu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“故书或言(yan)<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>挞(ta)之罚(fa)(fa)事(shi),杜(du)子(zi)春云(yun)(yun)(yun)当言(yan)<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>挞(ta)罚(fa)(fa)之事(shi)”者,子(zi)春之意,以(yi)<角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)黄(huang)>罚(fa)(fa)在之上,於义为切,故从经为正者也(ye)。
比长,各掌其比之治。五家相受,相和亲,有{自辛}奇[B103]则相及。([B103]犹恶也。
○治,直吏反。{自(zi)辛(xin)},本亦作(zuo)罪。[B103],似嗟(jie)反。)
[疏]“比长”至“相及”
○释曰:比长(zhang)管(guan)五(wu)(wu)家(jia),下士为之。家(jia)数虽少,亦有冶法,故各(ge)掌其比之治。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)家(jia)相(xiang)受”者(zhe),宅舍有故崩(beng)坏,相(xiang)寄托。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“相(xiang)和亲”者(zhe),案(an)《尚书》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“尔室不(bu)睦,尔唯和哉。”五(wu)(wu)家(jia)之内有不(bu)和亲,则(ze)使之自相(xiang)和亲。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“有<自辛>奇(qi)[B103]则(ze)相(xiang)及(ji)”者(zhe),五(wu)(wu)家(jia)有罪恶则(ze)连及(ji),欲使不(bu)犯(fan),故注云(yun)(yun)(yun)“[B103]犹恶也”。
徙于国中及郊,则从而授之。(徙谓不便其居也,或国中之民出徙郊,或郊民入徙国中,皆从而付所处之吏,明无罪恶。
○便,婢面反。)
[疏]“徙于”至“授之”
○释曰:五家之内,人有不便其居须徙者,则使伍长从而授之。
○注“徙谓”至“罪恶”
○释曰:云“徙谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)便其(qi)居也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者,古(gu)者三岁大比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年,民(min)有愿厌於(wu)本(ben)居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处不(bu)(bu)便,则任民(min)迁徙,故(gu)云不(bu)(bu)便其(qi)居也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周法,远(yuan)郊(jiao)百里内(nei)(nei)(nei)并国中(zhong)(zhong)共为六乡,此国中(zhong)(zhong)及郊(jiao)所徙者,并不(bu)(bu)离当乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)(nei)。言“或国中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)出(chu)徙郊(jiao)”者,先从近向远(yuan),释经(jing)徙于(yu)郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“或郊(jiao)民(min)入徙国中(zhong)(zhong)”者,却释经(jing)徙于(yu)国中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云“皆从而付所处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏,明(ming)无罪(zui)恶”者,释经(jing)“则从而授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)有罪(zui)恶,则下文(wen)“无授(shou)无节,圜土内(nei)(nei)(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。其(qi)人私逃,有何付授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今伍(wu)长自往付授(shou),明(ming)无罪(zui)恶,直是(shi)不(bu)(bu)便其(qi)居耳。
若(ruo)徙于他,则为之旌节而行之。(徙于他,谓出居异乡(xiang)也。授之者有节乃达(da)。)
[疏]“若徙”至“行之”
○释曰:上经是当乡之内迁徙,直须伍长送付彼吏。今此经言徙于他,是出向外乡,则当为旌节乃行之。
○注“徙於”至“乃达”
○释曰:言“徙于(yu)他”,对上经直(zhi)言国(guo)中及郊为乡(xiang)(xiang)内(nei),此(ci)(ci)(ci)言徙于(yu)他,明是出居异乡(xiang)(xiang)也。云“授(shou)之者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)乃达”者(zhe),郑欲见上经乡(xiang)(xiang)内(nei)徙者(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)授(shou)无节(jie)(jie)(jie),此(ci)(ci)(ci)徙外乡(xiang)(xiang)非直(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)授(shou),兼亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)乃可行,故郑言此(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)亦(yi)授(shou)之者(zhe)也。此(ci)(ci)(ci)节(jie)(jie)(jie)即(ji)道路用旌节(jie)(jie)(jie),一也。
若无授无节,则唯圜土内之。(乡中无授,出乡无节,过所则呵问,系之圜土,考辟之也。圜土者,狱城也。狱必圜者,规主仁,以仁心求其情,古之治狱,闵於出之。
○呵,呼何反(fan),又(you)音何。)
[疏]“若无”至“内之”
○释曰:总结上二经,故郑云乡中无授,出乡无节,此皆罪人,故当唯圜土内之也。
○注“乡中”至“出之”
○释(shi)曰:上释(shi)出(chu)乡(xiang)有(you)(you)授(shou)兼(jian)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),此注(zhu)释(shi)乡(xiang)中(zhong)无授(shou)、出(chu)乡(xiang)无节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)、以出(chu)乡(xiang)空(kong)有(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而全无授(shou)者(zhe)(zhe),似(si)其(qi)出(chu)乡(xiang)虽(sui)兼(jian)有(you)(you)授(shou),直(zhi)举有(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),似(si)对乡(xiang)内有(you)(you)授(shou)。何妨有(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)兼(jian)有(you)(you)授(shou)也(ye),若(ruo)直(zhi)有(you)(you)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而无授(shou),何以分(fen)别罪恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。云“过(guo)所(suo)则(ze)呵问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圜土(tu),考辟(pi)(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓所(suo)过(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)司,见(jian)即呵问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必知(zhi)有(you)(you)呵问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),若(ruo)不呵问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)穷诘(jie),则(ze)虚实难明,故知(zhi)呵问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)。系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圜土(tu)考辟(pi)(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),谓系在狱(yu)(yu)中(zhong)。辟(pi)(pi),法也(ye)。考量以法,推问(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)无授(shou)无节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由也(ye)。云“圜土(tu)者(zhe)(zhe),狱(yu)(yu)城也(ye)。狱(yu)(yu)必圜者(zhe)(zhe),规(gui)主仁(ren),以仁(ren)心求其(qi)情”者(zhe)(zhe),案《礼记·深衣(yi)》有(you)(you)规(gui)矩权衡,规(gui)配东方(fang)仁(ren),矩配西(xi)方(fang)义。但(dan)狱(yu)(yu)断(duan)狱(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,有(you)(you)义有(you)(you)仁(ren),虽(sui)以义断(duan)使合宜,仍以仁(ren)恩闵念求得情实。闵念出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故狱(yu)(yu)城圜也(ye)。
封人,掌设(she)王之社(she),为畿封而树之。(谓坛及眉埒(lie)也(ye)。畿上有封,若今时界矣。不(bu)言稷(ji)者(zhe),稷(ji),社(she)之细也(ye)。)
[疏]“封人”至“树之”
○释曰:云“掌设王之社”者,谓王之三社三稷之坛,及坛外四边之,皆设置之。直言不云坛,举外以见内,内有坛可知也。云“为畿封而树之”者,谓王之国外,四面五百里,各置畿限,畿上皆为沟堑,其土在外而为封,又树木而为阻固,故云为畿封而树之。
○注“谓”至“细也”
○释曰:“谓坛及眉(mei)埒也”者(zhe)(zhe),眉(mei)埒即(ji)。经(jing)不言(yan)坛,故(gu)郑兼见之(zhi)(zhi)也。云(yun)“畿上有封(feng),若今时(shi)界(jie)矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),汉时(shi)界(jie)上有封(feng)树,故(gu)举以(yi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“不言(yan)稷(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),稷(ji)(ji),社(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)细(xi)也”者(zhe)(zhe),案《大(da)司徒》及下文皆社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)俱言(yan),此独言(yan)社(she)(she)不言(yan)稷(ji)(ji),故(gu)解之(zhi)(zhi)。案《孝经(jing)纬》,社(she)(she)是五(wu)土总(zong)神,只(zhi)是原(yuan)隰(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)神。原(yuan)隰(xi)即(ji)是五(wu)土之(zhi)(zhi)一耳,故(gu)云(yun)社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)细(xi)。举社(she)(she)则稷(ji)(ji)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi),故(gu)言(yan)社(she)(she)不言(yan)稷(ji)(ji)也。稷(ji)(ji)既是原(yuan)隰(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)神,但原(yuan)隰(xi)宜五(wu),五(wu)不可遍敬,稷(ji)(ji)又为(wei)五(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)长,故(gu)立稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)表(biao)名。《孝经(jing)注(zhu)》直云(yun)“社(she)(she)谓后土”者(zhe)(zhe),举配食者(zhe)(zhe)而言(yan)耳。
凡封(feng)国,设其(qi)(qi)社稷之,封(feng)其(qi)(qi)四疆。(封(feng)国,建诸(zhu)侯,立其(qi)(qi)国之封(feng)。)
[疏]“凡封”至“四疆”
○释曰:言“凡封国”者,封五等之国。非一,故云“凡”以广之。云“设其社稷之”者,案《禹贡》,徐州贡五色土。孔注云:“王者封五色土为社,建诸侯则各割其方色土与之,使立社。焘以黄土,苴以白茅,茅取其洁,黄取王者覆四方。”是封乎诸侯立社稷之法也。云“封其四疆”者,诸侯百里以上职五百里,四边皆有封疆而树之,故云封其四疆也。
○注“封国”至“之封”
○释曰:“封(feng)国建(jian)(jian)诸侯”者(zhe)(zhe),若《典命(ming)(ming)》云(yun)(yun):“三公八命(ming)(ming),其(qi)卿六命(ming)(ming),大夫(fu)四(si)命(ming)(ming),其(qi)出封(feng)皆加一(yi)等。”是(shi)建(jian)(jian)诸侯也。云(yun)(yun)“立其(qi)国之封(feng)”者(zhe)(zhe),封(feng)则经云(yun)(yun)四(si)疆是(shi)也。
造都邑之(zhi)封域者亦如之(zhi)。
[疏]
○释曰:云“造都邑(yi)”者,谓大都、小(xiao)都、家邑(yi)三等(deng)采(cai)地(di),有百里、五十(shi)里、二十(shi)五里。皆有四(si)边封域(yu),故云“之封域(yu)”也。云“亦(yi)如之”者,亦(yi)如上诸(zhu)侯有四(si)疆也。
令社稷之职。(将祭之时,令诸有职事於社稷者也。《郊特牲》曰:“唯为社事单出里,唯为社田国人毕作,唯为社丘乘其粢盛,所以报本反始也。”
○唯(wei)为,于伪反,下同。单(dan),音丹(dan)。乘,绳证(zheng)反。)
[疏]“令社稷之职”
○释曰:春秋祭社,皆有职事。令之者,使各依职司而行,故须令之也。
○注“将祭”至“始也”
○释曰:言“将祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时”者,春秋祭社(she)(she),日皆(jie)用甲。未(wei)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian),令诸有职事(shi)于社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)者也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“唯为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)事(shi)单出理”者,单,尽也(ye)。尽往助祭于州长。此(ci)据六卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)。又云(yun)(yun)“唯为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)田(tian)(tian)国人毕作(zuo)”者,毕亦尽也(ye)。国人尽行(xing)。郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)非(fei)徒(tu)羡,谓在六遂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),以下剂(ji)致,当家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),一(yi)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)卒(zu),一(yi)人为(wei)(wei)(wei)羡卒(zu),其(qi)馀为(wei)(wei)(wei)馀夫。但(dan)田(tian)(tian)与追(zhui)胥竭作(zuo),馀夫亦行(xing),故云(yun)(yun)非(fei)徒(tu)羡也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“唯为(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)丘乘其(qi)粢盛”者,此(ci)据三等采地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),故有丘甸(dian)井(jing)(jing)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。案《小(xiao)司徒(tu)职》云(yun)(yun):“九(jiu)夫为(wei)(wei)(wei)井(jing)(jing),四(si)井(jing)(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)邑,四(si)邑为(wei)(wei)(wei)丘,四(si)丘为(wei)(wei)(wei)甸(dian)。”甸(dian)方(fang)八里(li)(li),旁加一(yi)里(li)(li)则为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)成。成百井(jing)(jing),九(jiu)百夫。一(yi)井(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地九(jiu)夫,八家(jia)各治一(yi)夫,自入共(gong)治,一(yi)夫税入於(wu)君,以共(gong)粢盛而祭社(she)(she),故云(yun)(yun)丘乘共(gong)粢盛也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“所以报本(ben)反始(shi)也(ye)”者,社(she)(she)稷(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)土神,是民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben);句龙、后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)是民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)。反亦报也(ye),命民共(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,所以报本(ben)反始(shi)也(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,证(zheng)祭社(she)(she)各有职事(shi)。
凡祭祀,饰其牛牲,设其衡,置其纟豸,共其水。(饰谓刷治洁清之也。郑司农云:“福衡,所以持牛也。纟豸,著牛鼻绳,所以牵牛者,今时谓之雉,与古者名同。皆谓夕牲时也。”杜子春云:“衡所以持牛,令不得抵触人。”玄谓福设於角,衡设於鼻,如状也。水槁,给杀时洗荐牲也。纟豸字当以豸为声。”
○,音福。纟(mi)(mi)豸,本又作纟(mi)(mi)引,持(chi)忍反。槁,古老反。清,如字,又才性反。著,直略(lve)反。令,力(li)呈反。抵,丁礼反。,音加,沈一音瑕。豸,直氏反。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“水槁”
○释曰:言“凡祭祀”,谓王之天地宗庙先大次小之祭祀非一,故云“凡”以广之。云“饰其牛牲”者,祭祀尚洁净,故饰治使净也。“设其衡”者,恐抵触人,故须设于角,牵时须易制,故设衡于鼻。置纟豸当牵行,故亦置之于鼻也。须洗荐牲体,故共其水槁也。
○注“饰谓”至“为声”
○释曰(yue)(yue):司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)持(chi)牛(niu)(niu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),司(si)农(nong)意(yi),以(yi)(yi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)为(wei)持(chi),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)持(chi)牛(niu)(niu)。以(yi)(yi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)其(qi)一物解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与子(zi)(zi)春(chun)同,後郑不从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“纟(mi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),著牛(niu)(niu)鼻(bi)绳,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)牵牛(niu)(niu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今时谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雉(zhi),与古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”,若然(ran),自汉以(yi)(yi)前(qian)(qian)皆谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纟(mi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案《礼记(ji)·少仪》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牛(niu)(niu)则(ze)执纟(mi)引(yin)”,纟(mi)引(yin)则(ze)纟(mi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别名(ming),今亦谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)纟(mi)引(yin)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆谓夕(xi)(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)时也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)夕(xi)(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)在祭前(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夕(xi)(xi),正祭在厥(jue)明,二时皆有此(ci)事,明据在前(qian)(qian)夕(xi)(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng)时而(er)言也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)持(chi)牛(niu)(niu),令不得抵触人”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),子(zi)(zi)春(chun)意(yi),衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)唯设(she)于(yu)(yu)角,与司(si)农(nong)义(yi)(yi)同,後郑亦不从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓设(she)于(yu)(yu)角”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),相迫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi),故知(zhi)设(she)於(wu)角。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)设(she)於(wu)鼻(bi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),横(heng)也(ye)(ye),谓横(heng)木於(wu)鼻(bi),今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驼犹然(ran),故知(zhi)设(she)於(wu)鼻(bi),破(po)先(xian)郑、子(zi)(zi)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“如状”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),汉时有置于(yu)(yu)犬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故举(ju)以(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)况衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“水(shui)槁(gao)(gao),给杀(sha)时洗(xi)荐牲(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)牛(niu)(niu)将杀(sha),不须饲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又充人已饲三月,不得将杀(sha)始以(yi)(yi)水(shui)槁(gao)(gao)饮(yin)饲。水(shui)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)洗(xi)牲(sheng)(sheng),槁(gao)(gao)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)荐牲(sheng)(sheng),故双言洗(xi)荐牲(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“纟(mi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)当以(yi)(yi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)声(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尔(er)雅》“有足曰(yue)(yue)虫,无足曰(yue)(yue)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。但(dan)牛(niu)(niu)纟(mi)引(yin)以(yi)(yi)麻为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),从(cong)丝为(wei)形,以(yi)(yi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)声(sheng),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)纟(mi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)当以(yi)(yi)豸(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)声(sheng)。
歌舞牲,及毛炮之豚。(谓君牵牲入时,随歌舞之,言其肥香以歆神也。毛炮豚者,阎去其毛而炮之,以备八珍。郑司农云:“封人主歌舞其牲,云博硕肥盾。”
○炮,薄交(jiao)反。阎,似盐(yan)反。去,起吕反。盾,徒忍(ren)反。)
[疏]“歌舞”至“之豚”
○释曰:言“歌舞牲”者,谓君牵牲入时,封人随後歌舞,云博硕肥盾也。云“及毛炮之豚”者,谓造炮豚之时,则阎去其毛以炮之也。
○注“谓君”至“肥盾”
○释曰:案(an)《礼记·祭义》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“君牵牲(sheng),穆答君,卿大夫序(xu)从(cong)。”是(shi)君牵牲(sheng)入时也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“随歌舞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言其(qi)(qi)肥香以(yi)歆(xin)神(shen)也”者(zhe),解(jie)封人(ren)随牲(sheng)後(hou)歌舞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时节,及使神(shen)歆(xin)享(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“毛(mao)(mao)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)豚(tun)者(zhe),阎去毛(mao)(mao)而炮(pao)(pao)(pao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),经直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)毛(mao)(mao)炮(pao)(pao)(pao),恐人(ren)以(yi)并毛(mao)(mao)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)《礼记·内则》有(you)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)豚(tun)、炮(pao)(pao)(pao),皆(jie)编萑以(yi)苴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),涂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)堇涂,干乃擘去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。彼(bi)虽炮(pao)(pao)(pao),亦不(bu)言去毛(mao)(mao)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),郑(zheng)知(zhi)(zhi)去毛(mao)(mao)者(zhe),豚(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毛(mao)(mao)於(wu)牲(sheng)无用,空以(yi)损牲(sheng)体,故知(zhi)(zhi)凡炮(pao)(pao)(pao)者(zhe)皆(jie)去毛(mao)(mao)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)备八珍”者(zhe),彼(bi)《内则》八珍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)有(you)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)豚(tun),此(ci)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)豚(tun)与彼(bi)同(tong),故知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)炮(pao)(pao)(pao)豚(tun)以(yi)备足(zu)八珍也。郑(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“封人(ren)主歌舞其(qi)(qi)牲(sheng),云(yun)(yun)(yun)博(bo)硕(shuo)肥盾”者(zhe),此(ci)《左氏》桓公传随季良之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci),彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“奉牲(sheng)以(yi)告,曰博(bo)硕(shuo)肥盾。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),证封人(ren)歌舞牲(sheng)时有(you)此(ci)辞(ci)也。
凡丧纪、宾客、军旅、大盟(meng)(meng),则饰其牛(niu)牲。(大盟(meng)(meng),会同之盟(meng)(meng)。)
[疏]“凡丧”至“牛牲”
○释曰:言“凡”,凡此下四事。王之丧纪有牲者,除朝夕奠用脯醢以外,大小敛、朔月、月半、荐新奠、祖奠、大遣等皆有牲牢。宾客有杀牲之者,唯据致飧及饔饩飨食,皆有杀牲之事。军旅杀牲者,谓飨献军吏。大盟谓天子亲往临盟。此一经皆用牛牲,故总云饰其牛牲也。
○注“大盟会同之盟”
○释(shi)曰:案《觐礼(li)》及《司仪》,诸侯(hou)时(shi)见曰会,殷(yin)见曰同(tong),王皆为坛于(yu)国外,行盟誓之(zhi)法,故郑依而言焉。
鼓(gu)(gu)人,掌(zhang)教(jiao)六鼓(gu)(gu)、四(si)金之音(yin)声(sheng)(sheng),以节声(sheng)(sheng)乐,以和军旅,以正田役。(音(yin)声(sheng)(sheng),五声(sheng)(sheng)合和者。)
[疏]“鼓人”至“田役”
○释曰:言掌教者,必教他官。案《氐了职》发首云:“掌凡乐事,播鼗,击颂磬、笙磬。”下又云:“掌大师之县{鼓蚤},恺献亦如之。”虽不云击鼓,上下文参之,其五鼓是氐了击之,则此所教者,当教氐了也。其晋鼓当教师,故其职云“掌金奏之鼓”。此下文云“以晋鼓鼓金奏”,故彼郑注云“主击晋鼓”是也。又云“六鼓四金之音声”者,六鼓四金与音声和合,故连言音声也。云“以节声乐”者,下云雷鼓、灵鼓、路鼓、晋鼓皆是也。“以和军旅”者,下云“以{卉鼓}鼓鼓军事”是也。云“以正田役”者,下云“以{咎鼓}鼓鼓役事”是也。田猎所以习战,则田鼓当与军事同。案《大司马》云“王执路鼓,诸侯执贲鼓,军将执晋鼓”之等是也。此一经是与下文总目之语也。
○注“音声五声和合者”
○释(shi)曰:案《礼记·学记》云(yun)“鼓无当於(wu)五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)得不(bu)和(he)”,则(ze)五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)须鼓乃和(he),故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)合和(he)者(zhe)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)解“音”者(zhe),单出曰声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),和(he)比曰音,音声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)相将之物,故(gu)释(shi)五(wu)(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)合得音,故(gu)不(bu)重(zhong)云(yun)音也。
教为鼓而辨其声用,(教为鼓,教击鼓者大小之数,又别其声所用之事。
○别(bie),彼列反。)
[疏]注“教为”至“之事”
○释(shi)曰:郑云“教为鼓,教击鼓者大(da)小之数”者,则雷鼓八面之等。云“而辨(bian)其声用(yong)”,郑云“又别(bie)其声所用(yong)之事”,则下文雷鼓及(ji)四金声之所用(yong)各不同(tong)是也。
以(yi)雷鼓(gu)鼓(gu)神祀,(雷鼓(gu),八面(mian)鼓(gu)也。神祀,祀天神也。)
[疏]“以雷”至“神祀”
○释曰:天神称祀,地祗称祭,宗庙称享。案下灵鼓鼓社祭,又案《大司乐》以灵鼓祭泽中之方丘,大地祗与社同鼓,则但是地祗,无问大小,皆用灵鼓,则此雷鼓鼓神祀,但是天神,皆用雷鼓也。
○注“雷鼓”至“神也”
○释曰:郑知雷鼓(gu)八(ba)面者,虽无正文,案:<韦军>人(ren)为皋陶,有晋鼓(gu)、{卉鼓(gu)}鼓(gu)、皋鼓(gu),三者非祭祀之鼓(gu),皆两面,则路鼓(gu)祭宗(zong)庙(miao),宜(yi)四(si)面;灵鼓(gu)祭地祗,尊於(wu)宗(zong)庙(miao),宜(yi)六面;雷鼓(gu)祀天神(shen),又尊於(wu)地祗,宜(yi)八(ba)面。故(gu)知义然也。
以灵(ling)鼓(gu)鼓(gu)社(she)祭,(灵(ling)鼓(gu),六(liu)面(mian)鼓(gu)也(ye)(ye)。社(she)祭,祭地祗也(ye)(ye)。)
[疏]“以灵鼓鼓社祭”
○释曰:《郊特牲》云(yun):“社(she)祭土(tu),神地(di)之道。”则《孝经纬》云(yun)“社(she)是五土(tu)之总神”,是地(di)之次祀(si),故举(ju)社(she)以表(biao)地(di)祗。《大宗伯》亦云(yun)“血祭,祭社(she)稷(ji)五祀(si)”,亦举(ju)社(she)以表(biao)地(di),其实地(di)之大小之祭皆用灵鼓也。
以路鼓鼓鬼享,(路鼓,四面鼓也。鬼享,享宗庙也。
○享,许丈反(fan),刘虚让反(fan),牛人职(zhi)同。)
[疏]“以路鼓鼓鬼享”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《大(da)宗伯》,宗庙有六享(xiang),则(ze)袷(jia)及四时皆言享(xiang)先王,则(ze)皆是大(da)祭。纵(zong)有享(xiang)先公为次祀(si),祭殇为小祀(si),皆用(yong)此(ci)路鼓(gu),以(yi)其天神地祗大(da)小同鼓(gu)故也(ye)。
以{卉鼓}鼓鼓军事,(大鼓谓之{卉鼓}。鼓长八尺。
○{卉(hui)鼓},扶云(yun)反。)
[疏]“以{卉鼓}鼓鼓军事”
○释曰:案《大司马》云“春执鼓铎,王执路鼓,诸侯执{卉鼓}鼓,军将执晋鼓”。郑注云:“王不执{卉鼓}鼓,尚之於诸侯。”则在军以{卉鼓}为正,无妨兼有路鼓、晋鼓之等也。
○注“大鼓”至“八尺”
○释曰:云“大(da)鼓(gu)谓之{卉(hui)鼓(gu)}”,是训{卉(hui)鼓(gu)}为(wei)大(da)。此唯两(liang)面而已(yi),而称大(da)者,此不对(dui)路(lu)鼓(gu)已(yi)上,以其长(zhang)八尺,直(zhi)对(dui)晋鼓(gu)八尺六寸者为(wei)大(da)耳。“{卉(hui)鼓(gu)}鼓(gu)长(zhang)八尺”,《<韦军>人》文。
以鼓鼓役事,(鼓长丈二尺。
○,音羔。)
[疏]“以鼓鼓役事”
○释曰:案《绵》诗云“鼓弗胜”,郑云:“鼓不能止之。”此云鼓役事,谓击鼓起役事。与彼不同者,但起役止役皆用鼓,两处义得相兼耳。
○注“鼓长丈二尺”
○释曰:“丈(zhang)二(er)尺(chi)”,<韦军>人(ren)文。此既丈(zhang)二(er)尺(chi),大(da)於{卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)}鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),不得大(da)名,但{卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)}鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)长八(ba)尺(chi),尚对晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei){卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)},明鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦大(da)可知。不可同名为(wei){卉(hui)(hui)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)},故别以鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)号也。
以晋鼓鼓金奏,(晋鼓长六尺六寸。金奏谓乐作击编钟,
○编,必先(xian)反(fan)。)
[疏]“以晋鼓鼓金奏”
○释曰:凡作乐,则先击钟,故钟师以锺鼓奏《九夏》。郑云“先击钟,次击鼓”。金则钟也,奏则击也,则是击钟後即击鼓,故云晋鼓鼓金奏。
○注“晋鼓”至“编钟”
○释曰:“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)长六尺六寸”,亦<韦军>人文(wen)。云“金(jin)(jin)奏(zou)(zou)谓乐作击编(bian)(bian)(bian)钟”者,案《磬(qing)师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云“击编(bian)(bian)(bian)钟”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注云:“磬(qing)亦编(bian)(bian)(bian),於锺(zhong)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,锺(zhong)有不编(bian)(bian)(bian),不编(bian)(bian)(bian)者锺(zhong)师(shi)(shi)(shi)击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”若然(ran),则磬(qing)师(shi)(shi)(shi)击编(bian)(bian)(bian)钟,锺(zhong)师(shi)(shi)(shi)击不编(bian)(bian)(bian)钟。又案《师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云“掌金(jin)(jin)奏(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)注云“主(zhu)击晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”。则此晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和金(jin)(jin)奏(zou)(zou)。但锺(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)编(bian)(bian)(bian)与不编(bian)(bian)(bian),作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆是(shi)金(jin)(jin)奏(zou)(zou),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)唯言编(bian)(bian)(bian)钟,据《磬(qing)师(shi)(shi)(shi)》而言;其实不编(bian)(bian)(bian)者亦以晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故《锺(zhong)师(shi)(shi)(shi)》云“以锺(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)奏(zou)(zou)九夏(xia)”,郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云“先击锺(zhong),次击鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”。是(shi)不编(bian)(bian)(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)锺(zhong)亦有鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)即晋(jin)(jin)(jin)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也。
以金钅享和鼓,(钅享,钅享于也,圜如碓头,大上小下。乐作,鸣之与鼓相和。
○钅享,音淳。碓(dui),音对,本又作椎,直(zhi)追反(fan)。)
[疏]“以金钅享和鼓”
○释曰:谓作乐之时,以此金钅享和於鼓节也。
○注“钅享钅享”至“相和”
○释曰:“钅(jin)(jin)享(xiang),钅(jin)(jin)享(xiang)于(yu)也”者,钅(jin)(jin)享(xiang)于(yu)之(zhi)名(ming)出于(yu)汉之(zhi)大(da)予乐(le)官。并(bing)(bing)云(yun)(yun)其形圜(yuan)如碓头,大(da)上小下,并(bing)(bing)出彼文(wen)而知(zhi)之(zhi)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)“乐(le)作,鸣(ming)之(zhi)与鼓(gu)(gu)相(xiang)和”,此郑以意解(jie)之(zhi)。案:下三金(jin)皆大(da)司(si)马(ma)在军所用,有(you)文(wen)。此金(jin)钅(jin)(jin)享(xiang)不见在军所用,明作乐(le)之(zhi)时与鼓(gu)(gu)相(xiang)和,故云(yun)(yun)和鼓(gu)(gu)也。
以金镯节鼓,(镯,钲也,形如小锺,军行鸣之,以为鼓节。《司马职》曰:“军行鸣镯。”
○镯(zhuo),直角(jiao)反(fan)。钲,音征。)
[疏]“以金镯节鼓”
○释曰:此谓在军之时所用。节鼓,与鼓为节也。
○注“镯钲”至“鸣镯”
○释(shi)曰:郑云“镯(zhuo)(zhuo),征也(ye)”者,案《诗》有“钲人伐鼓(gu)”,就而解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),彼注“钲以静(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)”,此(ci)解(jie)以为军(jun)(jun)行(xing)(xing)所用(yong)。不同者,义(yi)亦一也(ye),以其动静(jing)俱用(yong)故也(ye)。云“形(xing)如小锺”者,亦据汉法而言也(ye)。云“军(jun)(jun)行(xing)(xing)鸣之(zhi)(zhi),以为鼓(gu)节”,此(ci)依(yi)《大司马》文而释(shi),故引彼文云“军(jun)(jun)行(xing)(xing)鸣镯(zhuo)(zhuo)”,对上金钅享作乐为节。案:彼是公司马所执也(ye)。
以金铙止鼓,(铙如铃,无舌有秉,执而鸣之,以止击鼓。《司马职》曰:“鸣铙且却。”
○铙,女交(jiao)反(fan)。秉(bing),兵政反(fan)。本又作柄,下同(tong)。却,起略反(fan)。)
[疏]“以金铙止鼓”
○释曰:此案《春秋左氏传》,曹刿云“一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭”,哀公传“陈书曰:吾闻鼓而已,不闻金矣”。是进军之时击鼓,退军之时鸣铙。
○注“铙如”至“且却”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“铙如(ru)铃,无舌”者(zhe),亦约汉法(fa)而知(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)“有秉执而鸣(ming)之”者(zhe),案《大司马》云(yun)“卒长执铙”,故(gu)知(zhi)执而鸣(ming)之也(ye)。又引(yin)《司马职(zhi)》“鸣(ming)铙且却”者(zhe),欲见军退(tui)时(shi)鸣(ming)之,是止鼓时(shi)所用也(ye)。
以金铎通鼓。(铎,大铃也,振之以通鼓。《司马职》曰:“司马振铎。”
○铎,待(dai)洛(luo)反。铃,音零。)
[疏]“以金铎通鼓”
○释曰:此是金铃金舌,故曰金铎,在军所振。对金铃木舌者为木铎,施令时所振。言通鼓者,两司马振铎,军将已下即击鼓,故云通鼓也。
○注“铎大”至“振铎”
○释曰:铎(duo),大铃(ling),亦约(yue)汉(han)法知之。引(yin)《司(si)马(ma)职》者,案彼(bi)两(liang)司(si)马(ma)执(zhi)铎(duo),所引(yin)“司(si)马(ma)振铎(duo)”,即(ji)两(liang)司(si)马(ma)也(ye)。
凡祭祀百物之神,鼓兵舞、舞者。(兵谓于戚也。,列五采缯为之,有秉。皆舞者所执。
○,音拂,刘音弗(fu)。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“舞者”
○释曰:上文神祀社祭鬼享,文局不及小神,故此更广见小神之事,故云凡祭祀百物之神也。云“鼓兵舞舞者”,天地之小神,所舞不过此兵舞舞二事。案下《舞师》,山川用兵舞,社稷用舞。今此小神等,若义近山川者舞兵舞,义近社稷者舞舞,故六舞之中唯言此二舞而已。
○注“兵谓”至“所执”
○释曰(yue):“兵(bing)(bing)谓(wei)干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)(qi)也”者(zhe),案(an)《司兵(bing)(bing)》云(yun)“祭(ji)祀授舞(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)兵(bing)(bing)”。郑(zheng)亦云(yun)“授以朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)(qi)”。必知(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)(qi)者(zhe),见《礼记(ji)·乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)“干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)非备乐(le)”。《祭(ji)统》又(you)云(yun)“朱(zhu)干(gan)(gan)玉戚(qi)(qi),并是大武之(zhi)(zhi)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)”。是知(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)干(gan)(gan)戚(qi)(qi)也。又(you)知(zhi)“舞(wu)(wu)(wu),列五(wu)采缯为之(zhi)(zhi),有秉(bing)”者(zhe),案(an)《乐(le)师(shi)》注(zhu)“,析五(wu)采缯”。今灵星,舞(wu)(wu)(wu)子持之(zhi)(zhi),是举今以晓古(gu),故知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
凡军旅,夜鼓{鼓蚤},({鼓蚤},夜戒守鼓也。《司马法》曰:“昏鼓四通为大{鼓蚤},夜半三通为晨戒,旦明五通为发句。”
○{鼓蚤},千历反。句,本又作(zuo)朐,亦作(zuo)煦(xu),休具反,刘休武反,或况家反。)
[疏]“凡军旅夜鼓{鼓蚤}”
○释曰:在军警戒,急在於夜,故军旅於夜鼓其{鼓蚤}鼓以警众也。
○注“{鼓蚤}夜”至“发句”
○释曰(yue)(yue):言{鼓蚤}者(zhe),声同(tong)忧戚(qi),取军中(zhong)忧惧之(zhi)意,故名戒(jie)守鼓为(wei){鼓蚤}也。引《司马法》曰(yue)(yue):“昏鼓四通(tong)为(wei)大{鼓蚤}”者(zhe),欲取从初夜即为(wei)警(jing)戒(jie)之(zhi)意,故击鼓四通(tong),使(shi)大忧戚(qi)也。云(yun)(yun)“夜半(ban)三通(tong)为(wei)晨戒(jie)”者(zhe),警(jing)众豫(yu)使(shi)严备(bei),侵早当(dang)行。云(yun)(yun)“旦(dan)明五通(tong)为(wei)发(fa)句(ju)”者(zhe),旦(dan)明五通(tong),晨句(ju)之(zhi)时当(dang)发(fa),故云(yun)(yun)发(fa)句(ju)也。
军(jun)动,则鼓其众,(动且行。)
[疏]“军动则鼓其众”
○释曰(yue):寻常(chang)在道(dao),欲行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)时所(suo)击(ji)之(zhi)鼓,则上注“五(wu)通发句”是也。今别(bie)言军动,则据将临陈之(zhi)时,军旅(lv)始动,则击(ji)鼓以作士众之(zhi)气(qi),故(gu)曹刿云一鼓作气(qi)。郑云“动且行(xing)(xing)”,谓行(xing)(xing)前向陈时也。
田役亦如之。
[疏]释(shi)曰:田猎围合之时(shi)必击鼓,象(xiang)对敌,故《大司马职(zhi)》云“鼓遂围禁”是也(ye)。
救日月,则诏王鼓。(救日月食,王必亲击鼓者,声大异。《春秋传》曰:“非日月之眚,不鼓。”
○眚,生领反。)
[疏]“救日”至“王鼓”
○释曰:谓日月食时,鼓人诏告于王击鼓,声大异以救之。案《大仆职》云“军旅田役赞王鼓”。郑注云:“佐击其馀面。”又云“救日月食亦如之”。大仆亦佐击其馀面。郑既云佐击其馀面,则非只两面之鼓。案:上解祭日月与天神同用雷鼓,则此救日月亦宜用雷鼓,八面,故《大仆》与《戎右》俱云“赞王鼓”,得佐击馀面也。案庄二十五年《左氏传》:“夏六月辛未,朔,日有食之,鼓用牲于社,非常也。唯正月之朔,慝未作,日有食之,於是乎用币于社,伐鼓于朝。”若然,此救日食用鼓,惟据夏四月阴气未作,纯阳用事,日又太阳之精,於正阳之月,被食为灾,故有救日食之法也。月似无救理。《尚书·胤征》季秋九月日食,救之者,上代之礼,不与周同。诸侯用币于社,伐鼓于朝,退自攻责。若天子法,则伐鼓于社。昭十七年,昭子曰“日食,天子伐鼓于社”是也。
○注“救日”至“不鼓”
○释曰:“救(jiu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)食(shi),王必(bi)亲击(ji)鼓(gu)者,声大异”者,言(yan)声大异者,但日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)食(shi)始见其(qi)(qi)微兆,未(wei)有(you)灾(zai)验,故云(yun)异也。引《春(chun)秋传》者,亦庄(zhuang)二十五年传辞。彼传云(yun):“秋,大水,鼓(gu)用牲(sheng)干社、于(yu)门,亦非常也。凡天灾(zai),有(you)币(bi)无牲(sheng),非日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)眚(sheng)不(bu)鼓(gu)。”讥其(qi)(qi)为大水用鼓(gu)。引之(zhi),证其(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)得有(you)用鼓(gu)法。《春(chun)秋》不(bu)记救(jiu)月(yue)食(shi)者,但日(ri)(ri)(ri)食(shi)是阴侵(qin)阳(yang)、臣侵(qin)君之(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang),故记之(zhi);月(yue)食(shi)是阳(yang)侵(qin)阴、君侵(qin)臣之(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang),非逆(ni)事,故略不(bu)记之(zhi)也。
大丧,则诏大仆(pu)鼓。(始崩及(ji)窆时也。)
[疏]注“始崩”及“窆时也”
○释曰:案《大仆职》云:“大丧,始(shi)崩,戒鼓,传达于四方,窆亦(yi)如之。”是郑所据也。
舞师,掌教兵舞,帅而舞山川之祭祀;教舞,帅而舞社稷之祭祀;教羽舞,帅而舞四方之祭祀;教皇舞,帅而舞旱之事。(羽,析白羽为之,形如也。四方之祭祀,谓四望也。旱之事,谓雩也。,热气也。郑司农云:“皇舞,蒙羽舞。书或为{羽王},或为义。”玄谓皇,析五采羽为之,亦如。
○,呼但(dan)反。{羽王(wang)},音皇。)
[疏]“舞师”至“之事”
○释曰:云“掌教兵舞”,谓教野人使知之。国有祭山川,则舞师还帅领往舞山川之祀,已下皆然。案《春官·乐师》有六舞,并有旄舞施于辟雍,人舞施于宗庙。此无此二者,但卑者之子不得舞宗庙之酎,祭祀之舞亦不得用卑者之子。彼乐师教国子,故有二者,此教野人,故无旄舞、人舞。
○注“羽析”至“如”
○释曰:但羽(yu)(yu)(yu)舞用白羽(yu)(yu)(yu),舞用五色缯,用物(wu)(wu)虽(sui)异,皆(jie)有柄,其制(zhi)相(xiang)类,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“形(xing)如(ru)”也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)之(zhi)祭祀谓(wei)四(si)(si)(si)望(wang)也(ye)”,知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),若以四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)连百物(wu)(wu),则四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)不止四(si)(si)(si)望(wang)。今单(dan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang),四(si)(si)(si)望(wang)。五岳、四(si)(si)(si)渎(du)亦(yi)布(bu)在四(si)(si)(si)方(fang),故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)即四(si)(si)(si)望(wang)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“旱之(zhi)事(shi)谓(wei)雩(yu)也(ye)”者(zhe),《春秋》所云(yun)(yun)(yun)雩(yu)者(zhe)皆(jie)释旱。又《祭法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“雩(yu),祭水旱”。故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)旱谓(wei)雩(yu)祭也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“,热(re)(re)气(qi)也(ye)”者(zhe),以其旱时多热(re)(re)气(qi),又此(ci)字以日为(wei)形(xing),以汉为(wei)声省(sheng),故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)热(re)(re)气(qi)也(ye)。郑司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皇(huang)舞,蒙羽(yu)(yu)(yu)舞”者(zhe),先郑之(zhi)意(yi),盖见《礼记·王制(zhi)》“有虞氏皇(huang)而祭”,皇(huang)是冕,为(wei)首服(fu),故(gu)以此(ci)皇(huang)为(wei)凤皇(huang)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)蒙于(yu)首,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)蒙羽(yu)(yu)(yu)舞。自古未(wei)见蒙羽(yu)(yu)(yu)于(yu)首,故(gu)後(hou)郑不从之(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“书或(huo)(huo)为(wei){羽(yu)(yu)(yu)王},或(huo)(huo)为(wei)义(yi)”者(zhe),礼本不同(tong),故(gu)或(huo)(huo)为(wei){羽(yu)(yu)(yu)王},或(huo)(huo)为(wei)义(yi),皆(jie)不从之(zhi)矣。“玄谓(wei)皇(huang),析五采(cai)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)之(zhi)亦(yi)如(ru)”者(zhe),锺氏染鸟羽(yu)(yu)(yu),象翟鸟凤皇(huang)之(zhi)羽(yu)(yu)(yu),皆(jie)五采(cai),此(ci)舞者(zhe)所执,亦(yi)以威仪为(wei)饰。言皇(huang)是凤皇(huang)之(zhi)字,明其羽(yu)(yu)(yu)亦(yi)五采(cai),其制(zhi)亦(yi)如(ru)舞。若然(ran),舞、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)舞、皇(huang)舞,形(xing)制(zhi)皆(jie)同(tong)也(ye)。
凡(fan)野舞(wu),则(ze)皆教之。(野舞(wu),谓野人(ren)欲学舞(wu)者。)
[疏]“凡野”至“教之”
○释曰(yue):案《序宫》,舞徒四十人,其数有限。今(jin)云“皆教之(zhi)”者,教虽四十,馀者有能学,皆教之(zhi),以待其阙耳。
凡小(xiao)祭祀,则不兴舞。(小(xiao)祭祀,王(wang)玄(xuan)冕(mian)所祭者。兴犹作也。)
[疏]注“小祭”至“祭者”
○释曰:案上文(wen)云(yun)“凡祭祀(si)百物(wu)之神,鼓兵舞舞”,又(you)案《司服》云(yun)“群小(xiao)祀(si),则(ze)玄冕。”注云(yun):“群小(xiao)祀(si),林泽坟衍四方百物(wu)之属。”如(ru)是(shi),则(ze)小(xiao)祭祀(si)有兵舞、舞。而云(yun)不兴舞者,小(xiao)祭祀(si)虽同玄冕,若(ruo)外(wai)神林泽之等则(ze)有舞,若(ruo)宫中七祀(si)之等则(ze)无(wu)舞,此文(wen)是(shi)也。