卷三 庶人章第六
[疏(shu)]正(zheng)义曰：庶者，众(zhong)也，谓(wei)天下(xia)众(zhong)人也。皇侃云：“不言众(zhong)民者，兼包府史之属，通谓(wei)之庶人也。”严(yan)植之以(yi)为士有员位，人无限极(ji)，故士以(yi)下(xia)皆为庶人。
“用天之道(dao)，春(chun)生、夏长、秋敛、冬(dong)藏，举事顺(shun)时，此(ci)用天道(dao)也。分(fen)地(di)之利。分(fen)别五土，视其高下，各(ge)尽所宜，此(ci)分(fen)地(di)利也。谨身节(jie)用，以(yi)养父母。身恭谨则远耻辱，用节(jie)省(sheng)则免饥寒(han)，公赋既充则私养不阙(que)。此(ci)庶人(ren)之孝也。庶人(ren)为孝，唯(wei)此(ci)而已。
[疏]用天至孝也。
○正义曰：夫子上述士之行孝已毕，次明庶人之行孝也。言庶人服田力穑，当须用天之四时生成之道也，分地五土所宜之利，谨慎其身，节省其用，以供养其父母，此则庶人之孝也。《援神契》云“庶人行孝曰畜”，以畜养为义，言能躬耕力农，以畜其德，而养其亲也。
○注春生至道也。
○正义曰：云“春生、夏长、秋敛、冬藏”者，此依郑注也。《尔雅·释天》云：“春为发生，夏为长毓，秋为收成，冬为安宁。”安宁即藏闭之义也。云“举事顺时，此用天之道也”者，谓举农亩之事，顺四时之气，春生则耕种，夏长则耕苗，秋收则穫刈，冬藏则入廪也。
○注分别至利也。正义曰：云“分别五土，视其高下”者，此依郑注也。案《周礼·大司徒》云：“五土：一曰山林、二曰川泽、三曰丘陵、四曰坟衍、五曰原隰。”谓庶人须能分别，视此五土之高下，随所宜而播种之，则《职方氏》所谓青州其穀宜稻麦、雍州其穀宜黍稷之类是也。云“各尽其所宜，此分地利也”者，此依孔传也。刘炫云：“黍稷生於陆，菰稻生於水。”
○注身恭至不阙。
○正义曰：云“身恭谨则远耻辱”者，《论语》曰：“恭近於礼，远耻辱也。”云“用节省则免饥寒”者，“用”谓庶人衣服、饮食、丧祭之用，当须节省。《礼记》曰：“食节事时。”又曰：“庶人无故不食珍，及三年之耕，必有一年之食：九年耕，必有三年之食。以三十年之通，虽有凶旱水溢，民无菜色。”是免饥寒也。云“公赋既充则私养不阙”者，“赋”者自上税下之名也。谓常省节财用，公家赋税充足，而私养父母不阙乏也。《孟子》曰“周人百亩而彻，其实皆什一也”，刘熙注云：“家耕百亩，彻取十亩以为赋也。”又云：“公事毕然后敢治私事。”是也，
○注庶人至而已。
○正义曰：此(ci)依魏注(zhu)也。案(an)天(tian)子、诸侯、卿(qing)大夫(fu)、士皆言(yan)(yan)“盖(gai)”，而庶人(ren)独言(yan)(yan)“此(ci)”，注(zhu)释言(yan)(yan)“此(ci)”之意也。谓天(tian)子至士，孝行广大，其章略述(shu)宏纲，所以言(yan)(yan)“盖(gai)”也。庶人(ren)用天(tian)分地，谨身节(jie)用，其孝行已尽(jin)，故曰“此(ci)”，言(yan)(yan)惟(wei)此(ci)而已。《庶人(ren)》不引《诗》者，义尽(jin)於此(ci)，无赘词(ci)也。
故(gu)自天子至於庶(shu)人(ren)，孝无(wu)终始(shi)，而患不及(ji)者(zhe)，未(wei)之(zhi)有(you)也。始(shi)自天子，终於庶(shu)人(ren)，尊卑虽殊，孝道同致，而患不能及(ji)者(zhe)，未(wei)之(zhi)有(you)也。言无(wu)此理(li)，故(gu)曰未(wei)有(you)。
[疏]故自至有也。
○正义曰：夫子述天子、诸侯、卿大夫、士、庶人行孝毕，於此总结之，则有五等。尊卑虽殊，至於奉亲，其道不别，故从天子已下至於庶人，其孝道则无终始贵贱之异也。或有自患已身不能及於孝，未之有也。自古及今，未有此理，盖是勉人行孝之辞也。
○注始自至未有。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)：云(yun)“始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自天子(zi)(zi)(zi)，终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)五章以(yi)(yi)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)虽(sui)殊，孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)同致”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)天子(zi)(zi)(zi)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)虽(sui)别，至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)殊。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)须爱亲(qin)敬(jing)亲(qin)，诸侯须不(bu)(bu)骄不(bu)(bu)溢，卿大夫於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)择(ze)，士(shi)须资亲(qin)事君(jun)，庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)谨身(shen)节用，各(ge)因(yin)心(xin)而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斯(si)至(zhi)，岂藉创物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)智(zhi)、扛鼎(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力？若率(lv)强(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“而(er)(er)(er)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，未(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)贵贱尊(zun)卑(bei)(bei)，行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)同致，若各(ge)率(lv)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)己(ji)分，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)亲(qin)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)包含之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义广大，塞乎(hu)(hu)(hu)天地(di)，横乎(hu)(hu)(hu)四海。经言(yan)(yan)(yan)“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)备终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，但不(bu)(bu)致毁伤(shang)，立(li)身(shen)行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)，安其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亲(qin)、忠於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)君(jun)，一(yi)事可(ke)(ke)(ke)称，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)行(xing)(xing)(xing)成名立(li)，不(bu)(bu)必终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)甚易，无(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，故非孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)致必反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci)理(li)，故曰(yue)(yue)未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)释“未(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谢万以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，恒患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，未(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，少贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘瓛(huan)云(yun)：“礼不(bu)(bu)下庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。若言(yan)(yan)(yan)我贱而(er)(er)(er)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，未(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)但得忧(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，而(er)(er)(er)失於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)叹少贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“诸家(jia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)身(shen)，今注(zhu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，将(jiang)有(you)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)？”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)：“案(an)《说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)文》云(yun)：‘患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，忧(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’《广雅》曰(yue)(yue)：‘患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，恶(e)(e)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’又，若案(an)注(zhu)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，释‘不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义凡(fan)有(you)四焉(yan)，大意皆(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)贵贱行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)无(wu)(wu)(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧(you)(you)，非以(yi)(yi)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”经传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多矣(yi)：《论语》“不(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)己(ji)知”，又曰(yue)(yue)“不(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)位(wei)”，又曰(yue)(yue)“不(bu)(bu)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)寡而(er)(er)(er)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)均”；《左传》曰(yue)(yue)“宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”：皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是忧(you)(you)恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。惟(wei)《苍颉篇》谓(wei)(wei)(wei)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祸(huo)(huo)，孔、郑(zheng)、韦、王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)释此(ci)经，故皇(huang)侃曰(yue)(yue)：“无(wu)(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)改(gai)悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)，恶(e)(e)祸(huo)(huo)何(he)必及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，已成空设也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼·祭义》：“曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)曰(yue)(yue)：‘众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本教曰(yue)(yue)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)养(yang)。养(yang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，敬(jing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。敬(jing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。安可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，卒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)。父母既(ji)没，慎行(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)，不(bu)(bu)遗父母恶(e)(e)名，可(ke)(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)矣(yi)。’”夫以(yi)(yi)曾参行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，亲(qin)承圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)，尚以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)(nan)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)寡能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)无(wu)(wu)(wu)识(shi)，固非所企也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)不(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，祸(huo)(huo)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)必及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。此(ci)人(ren)(ren)(ren)偏执，讵谓(wei)(wei)(wei)经通？郑(zheng)曰(yue)(yue)：“《书》云(yun)：‘天道(dao)福善(shan)祸(huo)(huo)淫。’”又曰(yue)(yue)：“惠(hui)迪吉，从逆凶，惟(wei)影响，斯(si)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必有(you)灾(zai)祸(huo)(huo)，何(he)得称无(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？”答(da)曰(yue)(yue)：“来问(wen)指(zhi)淫凶悖慝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦，经言(yan)(yan)(yan)戒不(bu)(bu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)善(shan)美之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈。”《论语》曰(yue)(yue)：“今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是谓(wei)(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)。曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)：‘参，直养(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，安能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)？’”又此(ci)章云(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)养(yang)父母，此(ci)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”傥有(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，只可(ke)(ke)(ke)未(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)具美，无(wu)(wu)(wu)宜即同淫慝也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古今凡(fan)庸，讵识(shi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)道(dao)？但使能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)养(yang)，安知始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)？若今皆(jie)(jie)(jie)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)灾(zai)，便是比屋可(ke)(ke)(ke)贻(yi)祸(huo)(huo)矣(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)当朝通识(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)注(zhu)非误，故谢万云(yun)：“言(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)用心(xin)忧(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)，曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)所以(yi)(yi)称难(nan)(nan)，故郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)：‘善(shan)未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’”谛详此(ci)义，将(jiang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)然。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)？孔圣(sheng)垂文，包於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上下，尽力随分，宁限高卑(bei)(bei)？则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)因(yin)心(xin)而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，无(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)依谢万之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)常情(qing)所昧矣(yi)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)夏曰(yue)(yue)：“有(you)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)卒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)惟(wei)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)？”若施化惟(wei)待圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，千载方期一(yi)遇，加(jia)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百姓，刑(xing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)四海，乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虚说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与！《制(zhi)旨》曰(yue)(yue)：“嗟(jie)乎(hu)(hu)(hu)！孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大，若天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逃也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)远也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。朕穷五孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)(wu)(wu)贵贱，行(xing)(xing)(xing)无(wu)(wu)(wu)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)不(bu)(bu)由此(ci)道(dao)而(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)立(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德，岂云(yun)远乎(hu)(hu)(hu)？我欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)斯(si)至(zhi)，何(he)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)己(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哉(zai)！”