卷十七 十七之一
◎生(sheng)民之什诂(gu)训传第二十四
陆曰：自《生民》至《卷阿(a)》八篇，成王、周公(gong)之《正大雅》。
《生民》，尊祖也。后稷生於姜嫄，文、武之功起於后稷，故推以配天焉。
○嫄音(yin)原。姜(jiang)，姓。嫄，名(ming)。有邰氏之女(nv)，帝(di)喾元妃，后稷(ji)母也。
[疏]“《生民》八章，首章十句，二章、三章八句，四章、五章十句，六章八句，七章十句，卒章八句”至“配天焉”。
○正义曰：作(zuo)《生(sheng)民(min)》诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)尊祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。序(xu)又(you)言(yan)尊祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。以后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)於(wu)(wu)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄而(er)(er)来，其文王受(shou)(shou)命，武王除乱，以定天下之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)，其兆本(ben)起由於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。及周(zhou)公、成(cheng)王致大平、制礼(li)，以王功(gong)(gong)起於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)推举之(zhi)(zhi)以配(pei)天，谓(wei)配(pei)夏(xia)正郊(jiao)天焉(yan)(yan)。祭天而(er)(er)以祖(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)祭者(zhe)(zhe)，天无形(xing)象，推人道以事之(zhi)(zhi)，当(dang)(dang)得(de)人为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)。《礼(li)记(ji)》称“万物本(ben)於(wu)(wu)天，人本(ben)於(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”，俱为(wei)(wei)其本(ben)，可以相配(pei)，是(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)王者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)以祖(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)天，是(shi)(shi)同祖(zu)(zu)(zu)於(wu)(wu)天，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)尊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)定名，父之(zhi)(zhi)父耳。但祖(zu)(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，己所(suo)从始也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，自(zi)父之(zhi)(zhi)父以上(shang)皆(jie)得(de)称焉(yan)(yan)。此(ci)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)成(cheng)王，乃十七世祖(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不言(yan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄生(sheng)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)称“厥初生(sheng)民(min)，时维姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄”，是(shi)(shi)据后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄，故(gu)(gu)序(xu)亦顺经(jing)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)文、武之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)起於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)语》云：“后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)勤周(zhou)，十五(wu)世而(er)(er)兴。”是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)勤行功(gong)(gong)业，为(wei)(wei)周(zhou)室开基也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《中候·稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起》注云：“尧受(shou)(shou)《河图》、《洛(luo)书(shu)》，后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)名录，苗裔当(dang)(dang)王。”是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)子孙(sun)当(dang)(dang)王，名见(jian)《图》、《书(shu)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文既因之(zhi)(zhi)，武亦因之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)并言(yan)“文、武之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)起於(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经(jing)八章，上(shang)三章言(yan)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)由显异之(zhi)(zhi)事，是(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)於(wu)(wu)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下五(wu)章言(yan)后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)长(zhang)而(er)(er)有(you)功(gong)(gong)，见(jian)其得(de)以配(pei)天之(zhi)(zhi)意。其言(yan)“推以配(pei)天”，结上(shang)“尊祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，於(wu)(wu)经(jing)无所(suo)当(dang)(dang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
厥初生民，时维姜嫄。生民，本后稷也。姜，姓也。后稷之母配高辛氏帝焉。笺云：厥，其。初，始。时，是也。言周之始祖，其生之者，是姜嫄也。姜姓者，炎帝之后。有女名嫄，当尧之时，为高辛氏之世妃，本后稷之初生，故谓之生民。生民如何？克禋克祀，以弗无子。禋，敬。弗，去也。去无子，求有子，古者必立郊禖焉。玄鸟至之日，以大牢祠于郊禖，天子亲往，后妃率九嫔御。乃礼天子所御，带以弓韣，授以弓矢，于郊禖之前。笺云：克，能也。弗之言祓也。姜嫄之生后稷，如何乎？乃禋祀上帝於郊禖，以祓除其无子之疾，而得其福也。能者，言齐肃当神明意也。二王之后，得用天子之礼。
○禋音(yin)因。嫔，婢人(ren)反(fan)(fan)。韣音(yin)独(du)，弓衣(yi)。祓音(yin)拂，又(you)音(yin)废。下同(tong)。齐(qi)，侧皆(jie)反(fan)(fan)，本亦作“斋”。篇末“齐(qi)敬(jing)”同(tong)。
履帝武敏歆，攸介攸止。载震载夙，载生载育，时维后稷。履，践也。帝，高辛氏之帝也。武，迹。敏，疾也。从於帝而见于天，将事齐敏也。歆，飨。介，大也。攸止，福禄所止也。震，动。夙，早。育，长也。后稷播百穀以利民。笺云：帝，上帝也。敏，拇也。介，左右也。夙之言肃也。祀郊禖之时，时则有大神之迹，姜嫄履之，足不能满。履其拇指之处，心体歆歆然。其左右所止住，如有人道感己者也。於是遂有身，而肃戒不复御。后则生子而养长之，名曰弃。舜臣尧而举之，是为后稷。
○敏，密谨反。歆(xin)，许金(jin)反。介音戒(jie)。震，真慎(shen)反。见，贤遍反。齐(qi)敏，侧皆反，又如字。
[疏]“厥初”至“后稷”。
○毛以为，本其初生此民者，谁生之乎？是维姜嫄。言有女姓姜名嫄生此民也。既言姜嫄生民，又问民生之状。言姜嫄之生此民，如之何以得生之乎？乃由姜嫄能禋敬能恭祀於郊禖之神，以除去无子之疾，故生之也。禋祀郊禖之时，其夫高辛氏帝率与俱行，姜嫄随帝之后，践履帝迹，行事敬而敏疾，故为神歆飨。神既飨其祭，则爱而祐之，於是为天神所美大，为福禄所依止，即得怀任，则震动而有身。祭则蒙祐获福之夙早，终人道则生之。既生之，则长养之。及成人有德，为舜所举用，播种百穀，以利益下民，维为后稷矣。本其初生，故谓之生民。民则人所不识，后稷是显见之号，故言“是维后稷”以结之。
○郑唯履帝以下三句为异。其首尾则同。言当祀郊禖之时，有上帝大神之迹。姜嫄因祭见之，遂履此帝迹拇指之处，而足不能满，时即心体歆歆，如有物所在身之左右，所止住於身中，如有人道精气之感己者也。於是则震动而有身，则肃戒不复御。馀同。
○传“生民”至“帝焉”。
○正义曰：此章首言生民即后稷也。后稷而谓之民者，本其初生而未有贵位，生与民同，以民言之，故云“生民，本后稷也”。《晋语》云：“黄帝以姬水成，炎帝以姜水成，成而异德，故黄帝为姬，炎帝为姜。”是姜者，炎帝之姓，故云“姜，姓也”。言后稷之母配高辛氏帝，谓为帝喾之妃，与喾相配而生此后稷，以后稷为喾之子也。张晏曰：“高辛所兴地名喾，以字为号，上古质故也。”《大戴礼·帝系篇》：“帝喾卜其四妃之子，皆有天下。上妃，有邰氏之女，曰姜嫄，而生后稷；次妃，有娀氏之女，曰简狄，而生契；次妃陈锋氏之女曰庆都，生帝尧；下妃娵訾之女曰常仪，生挚。”以尧与契俱为喾子。《家语》、《世本》其文亦然。故毛为此传及《玄鸟》之传，司马迁为《五帝本纪》皆依用焉。其后刘歆、班固、贾逵、马融、服虔、王肃、皇甫谧等，皆以为然。然则尧为圣君，契为贤弟，在位七十载而不能用，必待舜乃举之者，圣人显仁藏用，匿迹隐端，虽则自知，故不委任，待众举而后用，见取人之大法耳。若稷、契，尧之亲弟，当生在尧立之前，比至尧崩，百馀岁矣。尧崩之后，仍为舜所敕用者，以其并是上智，寿或过人，不可以凡人促龄，而怪彼永命也。若稷、契即是喾子，则未尝隔世。《左传》之说八元，云“世济其美”者，正以能承父业，即称为世，不要历数世也。其纬候之书及《春秋命历序》言五帝传世之事为毛说者，皆所不信。
○笺“厥其”至“生民”。
○正义曰：“厥，其”，《释言》文。“初，始”，《释诂》文。周始祖，后稷也。周以后稷为始祖，文王为太祖。雍禘太祖，谓文王也。后稷以初始感生，谓之始祖，又以祖之尊大，亦谓之太祖。《周语》曰：“我太祖后稷之所经纬。”是也。若文王以受命之大，唯得称太祖，不得言始祖也。笺必名此经之民为始祖者，以人之为人，皆有始生之时，如此诗言初生，欲明自此巳前未有周家种类，周之上元始生於此，故言周之始祖，解其言“厥初”之意也。以炎帝姓姜，故知姜嫄是炎帝之后。姓姜而以嫄配之，故知有女名嫄。妇人不以名行，此嫄或当是字，但五帝时质，未必有名字之别，故以名言之。郑信谶纬，以《命历序》云“少昊传八世，颛顼传九世，帝喾传十世”，则尧非喾子，稷年又小於尧，则姜嫄不得为帝喾之妃，故云“当尧之时，为高辛氏之世妃”，谓为其后世子孙之妃也。人世短长无定，於是时书又散亡，未知其为几世，故直以世言之。其《大戴礼》、《史记》诸书，皆郑所不信。张融云：“稷、契年稚於尧，尧不与喾并处帝位，则稷、契焉得为喾子乎？若使稷、契必喾子，如《史记》是尧之兄弟也。尧有贤弟七十，不用须舜与之，此不然明矣。《诗》之雅、颂，姜嫄履迹而生，为周始祖；有娀以玄鸟生商，而契为玄王。即如毛传、《史记》之说，喾为稷、契之父，帝喾圣夫，姜嫄正妃，配合生子，人之常道，则《诗》何故但叹其母，不美其父，而云‘赫赫姜嫄，其德不回。上帝是依，是生后稷？’周、鲁何殊。特立姜嫄之庙乎？”融之此言，盖得郑旨，但以姜嫄为世妃，则於《左传》“世济”之文复协，故易传不以为高辛之妃也。
○传“禋敬”至“之前”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云“禋，祭也”，则禋是祭之名。又云“禋，敬也”，义得相通。且祭必致敬，故以禋为敬也。《大宗伯》云：“禋祀昊天上帝。”注云：“禋之言烟。周人尚臭。烟，气之臭闻者也。”则郑以禋者唯祭天之名，故《书》称“禋于六宗”，郑皆以为天神。经传之中，亦非祭天而称禋祀者，诸儒遂以禋为祭之通名。王肃云：“《外传》曰：‘精意以享曰禋。’禋非燔燎之谓也。”袁准曰：“禋者，烟气烟熅也。天之体远，不可得就，圣人思尽其心，而不知所由，故因烟气之上，以致其诚，故《外传》曰‘精意以享，禋’，此之谓也。”准又称：难者曰：“禋于文王，何也？”曰：“夫名有转相因者，《周礼》云‘禋祀上帝’，辨其本言烟熅之礼也。《书》曰‘禋于文、武’者，取其辨精意以享也。先儒云‘凡絜祀曰禋’，若絜祀为禋，不宜别六宗与山川也。凡祭祀无不絜，而不可谓皆精。然则精意以享，宜施燔燎，精诚以假烟气之升，以达其诚故也。”切以准言为然。郑於《尚书》以文、武於明堂配五帝，故亦以称禋。是禋名唯施於祭天也。传於此下，即说郊禖之祀。郊必祭天，则毛亦以此禋为祭天。其馀《书传》言禋者，则未知毛意与谁同也。弗训为去，心所不欲，即当去之，故以“弗，去”谓去无子以求有子也。经言禋祀，未知所祀之神，故云“古者必立郊禖焉”。言此祀，祀郊禖也。知者，以妇人无外事，不因求子之祭，无有出国之理。又禋祀以求子，唯禖为然，故知禋祀是祀禖也。既言所祀之神，因言其祭之礼。自“玄鸟至之日”以下，皆《月令》文。所异者，唯彼“郊”作“高”耳。玄鸟，燕也。燕至在春分二月之中，燕以此时感阳气来集人堂宇，其来主为产乳蕃滋，故王者重其初至之日，用牛羊豕之太牢，祀於郊禖之神，盖祭天而以先禖者配之。变禖言禖者，神之也。其祭之时，天子亲自身往，敬其事，故亲祭之。於时后妃率九嫔从之，而往侍御於祭焉。天子内官有后也，夫人也，嫔也，世妇也，女御也，而独言九嫔者，以后是内官之主，须后妃率之，五等则九嫔居中，举中而言，明百二十人皆往也。未有孕而往者，求其早有孕也。内官百二十人，周之制也。高辛之时，未有此数，因礼之成文而引之耳。於祀之时，乃以醴酒礼天子所御，谓已被幸有娠者也。使太祝酌酒饮之於郊禖之庭，以神之惠光显之也。既饮之酒，又带以弓之韣衣，授以弓矢，使执之於郊禖之前。弓矢者，男子之事，使之带弓衣，执弓矢，冀其所生为男也。郑於《月令》之注，其意则然。唯“高禖”异耳。故郑注云：“高辛氏之世，玄鸟遗鳦卵，简狄吞之而生契。后王以为禖官嘉祥而立其祀焉。”以为由高辛有嘉祥，故称高禖。蔡邕《月令章句》云：“高禖，祀名。高犹尊也，禖犹媒也。吉事先见之象，谓之人先。”毛於此及《玄鸟》传皆依作“郊禖”，则读高为郊。下传云：“从於帝而见於天。”则此祭为祭天，不祭人先也。於郊故谓之郊，不由高辛，亦不以高为尊也。郊天用特牲，而此祭天用太牢者，以兼祭先禖之神，异於常郊故也。郑於此笺亦云“禋祀上帝於郊禖”，则后稷未生之前，已有郊禖之祀矣。而《月令》注以为，简狄吞鳦卵生契，后王以为嘉祥而立其祀”。又以契之后王始立此祀。二义不同者，《郑记》王权有此问，焦乔答云：“先契之时，必自有禖氏祓除之祀，位在南郊，盖以玄鸟至之日祀之矣。”然得禋祀，乃於上帝也。娀简吞鳦有子之后，后王以为媒官嘉祥，祀之以配帝，谓之高媒。毛传亦云：“郊禖者，以古自有於郊克禋之义。”又据礼之成文耳。祀天而以先禖配之，义如后土祀以为社。此是郑冲弟子为说，以申郑义。其意言高辛已前，祭天於郊，亦以先禖配之，谓之郊禖。至高辛之世，以有吞鳦之事，以为禖之嘉祥，又以高辛之世，禖配此祭，故改之而为高禖。故此笺从传为郊祀礼，解其高义。后王以为媒官嘉祥而立其祀，谓立禖以配郊，非谓立郊求子始於后王。郑意或当然也。如此为说，可得合《诗》、《礼》二注耳。然《礼》注为高辛之世者，谓高辛之后世子孙犹号高辛，其时简狄吞鳦卵生契，如此得与稷同时为尧臣耳。
○笺“克能”至“之礼”。
○正义曰：“克，能”，《释言》文。《释诂》云：“祓，福也。”孙炎曰：“祓除之福。”《周语》云：“祓除其心。”《女巫》云：“祓除衅浴。”《左传》：“祓社衅鼓。”《檀弓》云：“巫先祓柩。”皆祓除凶恶，义取祓去，故云“弗之言祓也”。禋祀上帝於郊禖，祓除其无子之疾，以得其福，虽解弗字为异，与传“去无子”之意亦同也。非天子不得祭天，此姜嫄是为高辛氏后世之妃，则其夫不为天子，所以得祈郊禖，祭天神，故解之云“二王之后，得用天子之礼”故也。王者存先代，所以通天三统，使得行其正朔，用天子之礼。故《礼运》曰：“杞之郊也，禹宋之郊也。”契是二王之后，得祭天也。下言后稷功成，乃封之於邰，则此时必有国矣。未知其国之名，所在之地耳。
○传“履践”至“利民”。
○正义曰：诸《书传》言姜嫄履大迹生稷、简狄吞鳦卵生契者，皆毛所不信，故以帝为高辛氏帝。盖以二章、卒章皆言上帝，此独言帝不言上，故以为高辛氏帝也。《释训》云：“履帝武敏。武，迹也。敏，拇也。”传既依《尔雅》，以武为迹，而不以敏为拇者，毛意盖谓《尔雅》不可尽从故也。心识速疾谓之敏，故训敏为疾。又解姜嫄得践帝迹所由，以高辛之帝亲行禋祀，姜嫄从於帝，而往见於天，故行在后而践帝之迹。从帝见天，即上传所云“后妃率九嫔御”是也。践迹者，直谓随后行耳，非必以足蹑其践地之处也。将事齐敏者，将，行也，谓行祀天之事齐敬而速疾也。鬼神食气谓之歆，故以歆为飨，谓祭而神飨之也。“介，大”，《释诂》文。福禄所止，谓止於姜嫄，使之早有子也。“震，动。夙，早。育，长”，皆《释诂》文。动谓怀任而身动也。昭元年《左传》曰“邑姜方震大叔”，哀元年《左传》曰“后缗方震”，皆谓有身为震也。早者，言其得福之早。得福乃有身，早文应在震上，今在下者，见有身而始知得福，故先震后夙，且以为韵。故姜嫄之配高辛，亦应久矣，未必生稷之岁始来配之。若前巳禋祀，此年始震，则是得福晚矣。而言早者，作者因事而言，以祈即有子，故继祈为早耳。又解此人其名曰弃，所以谓之后稷者，以其身为稷官，能种百穀以利民，故以后稷称之。《周本纪》云：“尧举弃为农师，天下得其利。”《尧典》云：“帝曰：‘弃，黎民阻饥，汝后稷播时百穀。’”是其利民之事也。
○笺“帝上帝”至“后稷”。
○正义(yi)曰(yue)：郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此及(ji)《玄(xuan)鸟(niao)》，是说稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、契(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。《河图》曰(yue)：“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄履大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)迹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”《中候·稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“苍(cang)(cang)(cang)耀稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)感(gan)迹昌。”《契(qi)(qi)握》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“玄(xuan)鸟(niao)翔水遗卵流，娀简(jian)吞(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)契(qi)(qi)封商(shang)。”《苗兴(xing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“契(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹乳。”《史记(ji)·周本纪(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄出野，见(jian)巨人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)迹，心(xin)忻然(ran)(ran)悦，欲践之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。践之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)身动(dong)如(ru)(ru)(ru)孕(yun)者。及(ji)期而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)。”《殷本纪(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“简(jian)狄行浴，见(jian)玄(xuan)鸟(niao)堕(duo)其卵。简(jian)狄取吞(tun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)孕(yun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)契(qi)(qi)。”是稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)迹生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、契(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卵生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说也(ye)(ye)。又(you)《閟宫》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“赫赫姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄，其德不(bu)(bu)(bu)回(hui)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)是依。”言(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)依姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)。且郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄非高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)，自然(ran)(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帝(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)帝(di)(di)矣(yi)。此上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)即苍(cang)(cang)(cang)帝(di)(di)灵威仰也(ye)(ye)。《长发》笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝(di)(di)，黑帝(di)(di)。”此不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)苍(cang)(cang)(cang)帝(di)(di)者，彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)玄(xuan)王，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)“黑帝(di)(di)”。此下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)”。各随经势(shi)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)。《尔(er)雅》引此释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敏为(wei)(wei)拇(mu)指，故(gu)(gu)依用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“敏，拇(mu)也(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎(yan)曰(yue)：“拇(mu)，迹大(da)指处(chu)。”《释诂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“介，右也(ye)(ye)。”郭璞曰(yue)：“相佑(you)助(zhu)(zhu)也(ye)(ye)。”孙(sun)炎(yan)曰(yue)：“介者，相助(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右手，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)介为(wei)(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右也(ye)(ye)。”传(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夙为(wei)(wei)早。震后(hou)(hou)(hou)言(yan)(yan)早，於(wu)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)次(ci)，故(gu)(gu)转之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“夙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)肃(su)(su)，自肃(su)(su)戒也(ye)(ye)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)纬候及(ji)《史记(ji)》诸文(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)知祀郊(jiao)禖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。履神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，直言(yan)(yan)武足矣(yi)，而(er)(er)复言(yan)(yan)拇(mu)，是先(xian)履其跟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，又(you)移足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)就拇(mu)。既(ji)言(yan)(yan)大(da)迹，明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)满，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“足不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)满，履其拇(mu)指之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。”履拇(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)即言(yan)(yan)歆(xin)，故(gu)(gu)知心(xin)体歆(xin)歆(xin)然(ran)(ran)，意动(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)也(ye)(ye)。左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右所止住，如(ru)(ru)(ru)有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道感(gan)己者，谓如(ru)(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)夫(fu)妻交接之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。《檀弓(gong)》曰(yue)：“寡妇不(bu)(bu)(bu)夜哭。”注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“嫌思人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道。”亦谓此也(ye)(ye)。於(wu)是遂有(you)(you)(you)身，肃(su)(su)戒不(bu)(bu)(bu)复御，解(jie)“载(zai)震载(zai)夙”也(ye)(ye)。《大(da)明(ming)》曰(yue)：“大(da)任(ren)有(you)(you)(you)身。”是为(wei)(wei)震为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)身。《静女》传(chuan)曰(yue)：“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)月辰，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)金环退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)娠，则(ze)(ze)礼当(dang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)御。”故(gu)(gu)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自肃(su)(su)戒也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)而(er)(er)长养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，解(jie)“载(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)载(zai)育(yu)”也(ye)(ye)。《周本纪(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“弃(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隘巷(xiang)、寒(han)冰(bing)，后(hou)(hou)(hou)收养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。初欲弃(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，因(yin)名(ming)曰(yue)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝(di)(di)曰(yue)：‘弃(qi)(qi)(qi)’。”是名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)。文(wen)(wen)十八(ba)(ba)年《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》曰(yue)：“高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)氏有(you)(you)(you)才子(zi)八(ba)(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，尧(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)举(ju)(ju)。舜臣尧(yao)(yao)而(er)(er)举(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)布(bu)五教於(wu)四方(fang)。”《尧(yao)(yao)典》注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“举(ju)(ju)八(ba)(ba)元(yuan)，使(shi)布(bu)五教。”契(qi)(qi)在(zai)八(ba)(ba)元(yuan)中。稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，自然(ran)(ran)在(zai)八(ba)(ba)元(yuan)中矣(yi)，故(gu)(gu)知舜臣尧(yao)(yao)而(er)(er)举(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《尧(yao)(yao)典》注(zhu)(zhu)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“尧(yao)(yao)初天官(guan)为(wei)(wei)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，舜登用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年，举(ju)(ju)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“是为(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。《郑(zheng)志》赵商(shang)问：“此笺云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘帝(di)(di)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)’。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘当(dang)尧(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄为(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)氏世妃(fei)。’意以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)非帝(di)(di)喾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)。《史记(ji)》喾以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄为(wei)(wei)妃(fei)，是生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，明(ming)文(wen)(wen)皎然(ran)(ran)。又(you)毛亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)氏帝(di)(di)’。苟(gou)信先(xian)籍，未(wei)觉其遍隐，是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敢问易毛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。”答曰(yue)：即姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄诚(cheng)帝(di)(di)喾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)，履大(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹而(er)(er)歆(xin)歆(xin)然(ran)(ran)，是非真意矣(yi)。乃有(you)(you)(you)神气，故(gu)(gu)意歆(xin)歆(xin)然(ran)(ran)。天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前验后(hou)(hou)(hou)，其不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)者，何可(ke)悉信？是故(gu)(gu)悉信亦非，不(bu)(bu)(bu)信亦非。稷(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)稚於(wu)尧(yao)(yao)，尧(yao)(yao)见(jian)为(wei)(wei)天子(zi)，高(gao)(gao)辛(xin)(xin)与尧(yao)(yao)并在(zai)天子(zi)位乎(hu)？是笺易传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。
诞弥厥月，先生如达。诞，大。弥，终。达生也，姜嫄之子先生者也。笺云：达，羊子也。大矣后稷之在其母，终人道十月而生。生如达之生，言易也。
○弥，面支反。达，他未反。注同。《说文》云：“小羊也。”沈云：“毛如字。”易，以豉反。下同。不坼不副，无菑无害。言易也。凡人在母，母则病。生则拆副菑害其母，横逆人道。
○坼，敕宅反。副，孚(fu)逼(bi)反，《说文》云(yun)：“分(fen)也。”《字林》云(yun)：“判(pan)也。”匹亦反。菑(zai)音灾。注同(tong)。
以(yi)赫(he)厥灵，上帝(di)不(bu)宁(ning)(ning)。不(bu)康(kang)禋祀，居然生子。赫(he)，显也(ye)。不(bu)宁(ning)(ning)，宁(ning)(ning)也(ye)。不(bu)康(kang)，康(kang)也(ye)。笺云：康(kang)、宁(ning)(ning)皆安也(ye)。姜(jiang)嫄(yuan)以(yi)赫(he)然显著之徵，其有神灵审矣。此乃天帝(di)之气(qi)也(ye)，心犹不(bu)安之。又不(bu)安徒以(yi)禋祀而无(wu)人道，居默然自生子，惧时人不(bu)信也(ye)。
[疏]“诞弥”至“生子”。
○毛以为，上言得福有子，此言其生之易。言可美大矣，姜嫄之孕后稷，终其孕之月而生之。妇人之生首子，其产多难。此后稷虽是最先生者，其生之易，如达之生然。羊子以生之易，故比之也。其生之时，不坼割，不副裂其母，故其母无灾殃，无患害，以此故可美大也。天既祐令有身，又使之生易，是天意以此显明其有神灵也。上天之意，岂不降福而安之乎？言上天诚降福而安之，使母之无病苦，子得易生，是天安之也。姜嫄之身，岂不见安於禋祀乎？言姜嫄实见安於禋祀，祈则有子，生之又易，是为禋祀所安也。由为禋祀所安，故得居处怡然，无病而生子也。
○郑唯下四句为异。言姜嫄履迹有身，其生又易，以此赫然显著之徵，其有神灵审也。此乃上帝精气，姜嫄心不自安，以天人道隔，而人生天胤，故心不自安也。非徒生天之胤，心不自安，又不安其徒禋祀神明，无人道交接，居处默然而生此子。以无夫而生，又惧时人不信，当弃而异之，使人知其异，故下所以弃之也。
○传“诞大”至“生者”。
○正义曰：“诞，大”，《释诂》文。“弥，终”，《释言》文。“达，生者”，言其生易如达羊之生，但传文略耳，非训达为生也。又解言先生之意，以人之产子，先生者多难，此后稷是姜嫄之子最先生者，应难而今易，故言先生以美之。此主言后稷是姜嫄首子而已。后稷有同母弟妹以否，书亦无文焉。
○笺“达羊”至“言易”。
○正义曰：《说文》云：“达，小羊也。从羊，大声。”薛琮答韦昭曰：“羊子初生达，小名羔，未成羊曰羜，大曰羊。长幼之异名。以羊子初生之易，故以比后稷生之易也。《大戴礼》及《春秋元命包》皆云‘人十月而生’。《周本纪》云：‘姜嫄践巨人迹，身动如孕者，及期而生子。’则终一年矣。此言终月，必终人之常月。马迁之言未可信也。”
○传“言易”至“人道”。
○正义曰：经之所言，皆说其生之易，故云“言易也”，以总解一经。又解易生所以为美者，以凡常之人，在母腹则病，其生则又坼副灾害其母，以横逆人道。今后稷之生，能无坼副灾害，故美之也。《晋语》云：“文王在母不忧。”是谓未生为在母。坼副皆裂也。《礼记》曰：“为天子削瓜者副之。”是副为裂也。坼副灾害其母，皆谓当产之时。《閟宫》云：“无灾无害，弥月不迟。”亦谓生时无灾害，故彼笺引此解之，明其同也。然则此经止言生易，不言在母病。传言“凡人在母，母则病”者，因其生之易，从在母而本之，见凡人之生不如后稷，所以为美耳。横逆人道，谓不由人所生之道也。《史记·楚世家》云：“陆终娶於鬼方氏曰女溃，孕三年不乳。乃剖其左胁，获三人焉。剖其右胁，获三人焉。”《帝王世纪》云：“简狄剖背生契。”如此之类，是横逆人道也。若然，契亦大贤，剖背而出，则坼副灾害不为恶矣。此美其无灾害者，人之贤愚，不由母生之难易，要人情皆欲其易，不欲其难。因见稷之生由，言之以为美耳。《晋语》曰：“大任震文王不变，少溲於豕牢而得文王，不加病焉。”亦美文王生易，与此同矣。此言横逆人道，谓人所生之道。上笺云“终人道”者，谓人在母腹之道。如有人道感己者，谓人交接之道。人道之言虽同，三者皆小别耳。
○传“赫显”至“康也”。
○正义曰：以赫是明貌，故为显也。天实降福，以安后稷，美姜嫄实为因禋祀所安。而经乃言不宁不康，故皆反其言也。王肃云：“天以是显著后稷之神灵降福而安之，言姜嫄可谓禋祀所安，无疾而生子。”
○笺“康宁”至“不信”。
○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：“康、宁(ning)皆安(an)(an)(an)(an)”，《释(shi)诂》文(wen)。笺以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)章(zhang)上(shang)(shang)四(si)章(zhang)言(yan)(yan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，下(xia)(xia)章(zhang)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)四(si)句文(wen)在(zai)既(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)、弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)说(shuo)(shuo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)章(zhang)张(zhang)本，故(gu)(gu)易传也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)(da)迹而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)身(shen)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)(you)夫(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)显(xian)(xian)著(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)(ji)见(jian)如(ru)(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)徵(zhi)验，知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)赫然(ran)显(xian)(xian)著(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徵(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)审(shen)矣(yi)(yi)。言(yan)(yan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)审(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)所(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)解上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宁(ning)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，祀天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)见(jian)大(da)(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)迹，履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)感(gan)(gan)(gan)己(ji)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当共天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)交接。今(jin)乃(nai)与(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)虽(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)讫(qi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)犹(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宁(ning)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胤(yin)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)。“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)康禋祀”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，惧时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)故(gu)(gu)再言(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)徒禋祀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)，空祀神(shen)(shen)明而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)交接，故(gu)(gu)居(ju)位默然(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，惧时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)，或(huo)得(de)(de)(de)(de)疑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)犯(fan)礼奸淫而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)胤(yin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)(you)复(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)既(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)，欲望(wang)众信(xin)，故(gu)(gu)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)显(xian)(xian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)异(yi)(yi)，使众人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《异(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)》、《诗(shi)》齐鲁韩、《春秋公(gong)羊》说(shuo)(shuo)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆无(wu)(wu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，《左氏(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)。谨案《尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)典》“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亲九(jiu)族(zu)(zu)”，即(ji)(ji)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母庆都(dou)感(gan)(gan)(gan)赤(chi)龙而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)得(de)(de)(de)(de)九(jiu)族(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)亲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？《礼谶》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“唐(tang)五(wu)庙”，知(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，诸言(yan)(yan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)(wu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)皆偏见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《商(shang)颂(song)》曰(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)玄(xuan)鸟，降而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)商(shang)。”谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)娀简吞鳦子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)契(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)感(gan)(gan)(gan)见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明文(wen)。刘媪是(shi)(shi)(shi)汉太(tai)(tai)上(shang)(shang)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻，感(gan)(gan)(gan)赤(chi)龙而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)祖(zu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)神(shen)(shen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？且(qie)夫(fu)(fu)蒲卢(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气妪煦桑虫成(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)己(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，况(kuang)乎(hu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气因人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精就而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，反不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)使子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)圣(sheng)乎(hu)？是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)然(ran)矣(yi)(yi)，又(you)(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)多怪？如(ru)(ru)郑(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气因人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)圣(sheng)，则(ze)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)独(du)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)得(de)(de)(de)(de)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)非(fei)(fei)一端也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)今(jin)异(yi)(yi)说(shuo)(shuo)，言(yan)(yan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，偏执一见(jian)，理未(wei)弘通，故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)引(yin)蒲卢(lu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喻，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，非(fei)(fei)必(bi)由(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)引(yin)吞鳦生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)契(qi)，即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)矣(yi)(yi)，又(you)(you)(you)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)怪於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？稷(ji)(ji)、契(qi)等(deng)虽(sui)感(gan)(gan)(gan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气，母实有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夫(fu)(fu)，则(ze)亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)(fu)。继父(fu)(fu)(fu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亲，故(gu)(gu)称喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胄，唐(tang)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲九(jiu)族(zu)(zu)，立五(wu)庙，亦犹(you)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。稷(ji)(ji)、契(qi)俱是(shi)(shi)(shi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)稷(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)契(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)异(yi)(yi)耳(er)。或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)简狄(di)虽(sui)则(ze)吞鳦，仍御(yu)(yu)(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)自(zi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。马(ma)融(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诗(shi)，则(ze)异(yi)(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仍御(yu)(yu)(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)”。王(wang)(wang)(wang)肃(su)(su)引(yin)马(ma)融(rong)曰(yue)：“帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)妃(fei)，上(shang)(shang)妃(fei)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)，次(ci)(ci)妃(fei)简狄(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)契(qi)，次(ci)(ci)妃(fei)陈锋(feng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，次(ci)(ci)妃(fei)娵訾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)挚(zhi)。挚(zhi)最长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，次(ci)(ci)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，次(ci)(ci)契(qi)。下(xia)(xia)妃(fei)三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，皆已生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，上(shang)(shang)妃(fei)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)禋祀求子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)安(an)(an)(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祭(ji)祀而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。任(ren)身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)崩(beng)(beng)。挚(zhi)即(ji)(ji)位而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)崩(beng)(beng)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)即(ji)(ji)位。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)崩(beng)(beng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)十(shi)月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，盖遗腹(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。虽(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)安(an)(an)(an)(an)，然(ran)寡居(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)众所(suo)(suo)(suo)疑，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)申说(shuo)(shuo)。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)知(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)奇(qi)，必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)害(hai)，故(gu)(gu)欲弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)著(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)，因以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)明。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)亦知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)听(ting)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”肃(su)(su)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)融(rong)言(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)，又(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《奏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“稷(ji)(ji)、契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴，自(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)积德累功於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民事(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)迹与(yu)(yu)燕(yan)卵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夫(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)育(yu)，乃(nai)载籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妖(yao)(yao)，宗周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)丧(sang)灭(mie)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)履(lv)(lv)大(da)(da)(da)迹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)又(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能申弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)遗腹(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)避嫌(xian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)基駮(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“凡(fan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)遗体，犹(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嫌(xian)，况(kuang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)圣(sheng)主，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)贤(xian)(xian)(xian)妃(fei)，反当嫌(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)遭丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)便犯(fan)礼哉(zai)(zai)！人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情(qing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。就如(ru)(ru)融(rong)言(yan)(yan)，审(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，凡(fan)圣(sheng)主贤(xian)(xian)(xian)妃(fei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，未(wei)必(bi)皆贤(xian)(xian)(xian)圣(sheng)，能为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)明所(suo)(suo)(suo)祐。尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)丹(dan)朱(zhu)，舜(shun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)均(jun)，文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管、蔡。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)御(yu)(yu)(yu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)身(shen)，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)特有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)奇(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)寒(han)冰乎(hu)？假令(ling)鸟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覆翼，终疑逾甚(shen)(shen)，则(ze)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)淫昏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)污辱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毁，当何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)明哉(zai)(zai)！本欲避嫌(xian)，嫌(xian)又(you)(you)(you)甚(shen)(shen)焉(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)二也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)《世本》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)卜其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)妃(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，皆有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。’若(ruo)(ruo)如(ru)(ru)融(rong)言(yan)(yan)，任(ren)身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)崩(beng)(beng)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)尚(shang)未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)身(shen)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)焉(yan)得(de)(de)(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？苟(gou)非(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理，前(qian)(qian)却絷(zhi)碍，义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)通，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)三(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夫(fu)(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)育(yu)，载籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妖(yao)(yao)，宗周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丧(sang)灭(mie)。诚如(ru)(ru)肃(su)(su)言(yan)(yan)，神(shen)(shen)灵(ling)尚(shang)能令(ling)二龙生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)妖(yao)(yao)女以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)灭(mie)幽王(wang)(wang)(wang)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)反当不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)精气育(yu)圣(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)適所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)感(gan)(gan)(gan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，非(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)难。肃(su)(su)信(xin)二龙实生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)褒姒(si)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)信(xin)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)能生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)但(dan)能作妖(yao)(yao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嘉(jia)祥。长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)恶，短於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善，肃(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乖戾，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)尤(you)甚(shen)(shen)焉(yan)。”马(ma)昭曰(yue)：“稷(ji)(ji)奇(qi)见(jian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)既(ji)(ji)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，未(wei)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)，用何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)知(zhi)(zhi)焉(yan)？”孙(sun)毓(yu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)徵(zhi)祥，古(gu)(gu)今(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，皆依人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)助。刘媪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)高(gao)祖(zu)，著(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)龙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怪；褒姒(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，由(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)玄(xuan)鼋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖(yao)(yao)。巨迹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)(gan)(gan)，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)独(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)？而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)自(zi)履(lv)(lv)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夫(fu)(fu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)足异(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)敢(gan)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)隘巷寒(han)冰、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)覆翼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应乎(hu)？而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)(wang)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)奇(qi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)’，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？且(qie)匹夫(fu)(fu)凡(fan)民，遗腹(fu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，古(gu)(gu)今(jin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。喾(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)崩(beng)(beng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)当疑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奸，非(fei)(fei)夫(fu)(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)识者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)能言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)说(shuo)(shuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，群贤(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)则(ze)信(xin)矣(yi)(yi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)短，短犹(you)未(wei)悉，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)则(ze)？马(ma)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)立说(shuo)(shuo)，自(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)述毛。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)遗腹(fu)寡居(ju)，必(bi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)毛深旨(zhi)(zhi)。案下(xia)(xia)传曰(yue)‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)，异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)显(xian)(xian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)灵(ling)’。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺(shun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)承天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)意(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)异(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)(you)(you)承天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)异(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明示(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)遗腹(fu)寡居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)乎(hu)？即(ji)(ji)由(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)异(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)须(xu)要(yao)在(zai)寡居(ju)？若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)寡居(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嫌(xian)，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)必(bi)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)异(yi)(yi)？若(ruo)(ruo)使无(wu)(wu)异(yi)(yi)可(ke)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，竟当何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)明？又(you)(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)高(gao)辛氏(shi)’，下(xia)(xia)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顺(shun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)’，则(ze)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦高(gao)辛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)得(de)(de)(de)(de)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？五(wu)章(zhang)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)见(jian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)因邰(tai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)(hou)(hou)稷(ji)(ji)’，目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，益知(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然(ran)，听(ting)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？且(qie)马(ma)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)嫄(yuan)(yuan)高(gao)辛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)妃(fei)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)则(ze)君母也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)世则(ze)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊，欲弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)己(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)专，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)命(ming)，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)听(ting)弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？又(you)(you)(you)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)兄，听(ting)母弃(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)(di)，纵其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)忍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)，残其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)圣(sheng)父(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胤(yin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慈不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孝，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)过。岂有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)钦明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，用心(xin)若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)哉(zai)(zai)！若(ruo)(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)显(xian)(xian)异(yi)(yi)，则(ze)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)(zhi)稷(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)(shen)矣(yi)(yi)。初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)神(shen)(shen)，才(cai)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)应授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位，何(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)当七十(shi)馀(yu)载，莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)收采？自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣(sheng)弟(di)(di)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲明扬，虞舜(shun)登庸(yong)，方始举任(ren)，虽(sui)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，岂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)！故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)，进退多尤(you)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)言(yan)(yan)遗腹(fu)，非(fei)(fei)毛旨(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)解文(wen)义(yi)(yi)传意(yi)(yi)或(huo)然(ran)，故(gu)(gu)采其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)释(shi)经(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，遗其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寡居(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)。”
诞寘之隘巷，牛羊腓字之。诞，大。寘，置。腓，辟。字，爱也。天生后稷，异之於人，欲以显其灵也。帝不顺天，是不明也，故承天意而异之於天下。笺云：天异之，故姜嫄置后稷於牛羊之径，亦所以异之。
○寘，之豉反。下同。隘，於懈反。巷，户降反。腓，符非反，避也。诞寘之平林，会伐平林。牛羊而辟人者，理也。置之平林，又为人所收取之。诞寘之寒冰，鸟覆翼之。大鸟来，一翼覆之，一翼藉之，人而收取之，又其理也，故置之於寒冰。
○藉，在夜反。
鸟乃去矣，后稷呱矣。於是知有天异，往取之矣。后稷呱呱然而泣。
○呱(gua)(gua)音(yin)孤，泣声(sheng)也。《尚书》云：“启呱(gua)(gua)呱(gua)(gua)而泣。”是也。
[疏]“诞寘”至“呱矣”。
○正义曰：上言后稷之生，此言弃稷之事。言可美大矣，弃此后稷，置之於狭隘巷中，牛羊其避而怜爱之。婴儿未有所知，当为牛羊所践，今乃避而爱之，故可美大矣。以牛羊避人，理之常也，又置之平林，可美大矣。又弃此后稷，置之平地林木之中，会值有人往伐平林，伐木之人见而收取之。婴儿之在林野，当为鸟兽所害，乃值人收取，是可美大矣。又以人之取人，乃是常理，复置之寒冰，可美大矣。复弃后稷朝旦於寒冰之上，有鸟以翼覆、以翼藉之。鸟非人类，而覆藉人，是可美大矣。既知有神人往收取，鸟乃飞去矣。后稷遂呱呱然而泣矣。此其有神灵之验也。
○传“字爱”至“天下”。
○正义曰：《易·屯卦》云：“女子贞，不字。十年乃字。”是字为爱之义也。知天生后稷异之於人者，若其不异，不应弃之。异之於人，谓有奇表异相，若孔子之河目海口，文王之四乳龙颜之类。但《书传》不言后稷异状，无得而知之耳。言帝喾若不顺天意以显之，则是为不明，则弃之者，帝意也。以此传观之，则后稷之生，喾尚存矣，不得为遗腹矣。
○笺“天异”至“异之”。
○正义曰：笺以履迹而得后稷，虽与传禋祀得之不同，其於异而显之意亦一也，故乘传而释之也。天降精气，以生后稷，本欲异之，故姜嫄置后稷於牛羊之径，亦以异之。亦者，亦天也。
○郑以姜嫄非帝喾之妃，其弃后稷，出姜嫄之意，故言姜嫄也。步道曰径，以经称隘巷，故以径言之。此诗之意，欲显其异而弃之。《周本纪》以为不祥，故弃之，谬矣。
○传“大鸟”至“藉之”。
○正义曰：以(yi)(yi)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)能覆(fu)藉婴(ying)儿(er)，故(gu)知大鸟也。以(yi)(yi)经“翼(yi)(yi)(yi)”在“覆(fu)”下(xia)，则(ze)上覆(fu)下(xia)翼(yi)(yi)(yi)，明非(fei)一翼(yi)(yi)(yi)耳(er)。人体(ti)忌寒，近冰尤甚，既奇而覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)，明亦爱而藉之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)知一翼(yi)(yi)(yi)覆(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)，一翼(yi)(yi)(yi)藉之(zhi)(zhi)。经因鸟有(you)二翼(yi)(yi)(yi)，互其文以(yi)(yi)见此意耳(er)。姜(jiang)嫄以(yi)(yi)玄鸟至月而禋祀，在母十月而生稷，其生正当(dang)冰月，故(gu)得(de)弃之(zhi)(zhi)冰也。
实覃实訏，厥声载路。诞实匍匐，克岐克嶷，以就口食。覃，长。訏，大。路，大也。岐，知意也。嶷，识也。笺云：实之言適也。覃，谓始能坐也。訏，谓张口呜呼也。是时声音则已大矣。能匍匐，则岐岐然意有所知也。其貌嶷嶷然，有所识别也。以此至于能就众人口自食，谓六七岁时。
○覃，徒南反(fan)，本(ben)或(huo)作(zuo)“谭”。訏，况于(yu)反(fan)。匍音蒲，又音符(fu)，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“扶”。匐，蒲北反(fan)，又音服，本(ben)亦作(zuo)“服”。岐，其宜反(fan)。嶷，鱼极反(fan)，《说文》作(zuo)“<口(kou)疑>”，云：“小儿有知。”长(zhang)，张丈反(fan)，或(huo)如字。别，彼列(lie)反(fan)。
蓺之荏菽，荏菽旆旆，禾役穟穟，麻麦幪幪，瓜瓞唪唪。荏菽，戎菽也。旆旆然，长也。役，列也。穟穟，苗好美也。幪幪然，茂盛也。唪唪然，多实也。笺云：蓺，树也。戎菽，大豆也。就口食之时，则有种殖之志，言天性也。
○蓺，鱼(yu)世反(fan)(fan)(fan)。荏菽(shu)，而甚反(fan)(fan)(fan)，“叔”或(huo)作“菽(shu)”，音(yin)同。郭璞(pu)云：“今胡豆是(shi)。”旆，蒲(pu)具反(fan)(fan)(fan)。穟音(yin)遂。幪(meng)，莫孔(kong)(kong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。瓞，田(tian)节反(fan)(fan)(fan)。唪，布孔(kong)(kong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，徐(xu)又薄(bo)孔(kong)(kong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。长如字，又张丈反(fan)(fan)(fan)。
[疏]“实覃”至“唪唪”。
○毛以为，上既言收取后稷，此说其长养之事。言后稷实以渐大，言差大於呱呱之时也。於是之时，其口出音声则已大矣，不复如呱呱时而已。又叹之，言后稷可美大矣，实始匍匐之时，已能意有所知岐岐然，又能貌有所识嶷嶷然，以渐有智慧，能就人之口取食而啖之。才始能食，即有种殖之志。所种蓺之者，是荏菽也。此荏菽乃旆旆然长大。种禾则使有行列，其苗则穟穟然美好。所种之麻麦，则幪幪然茂盛。所种之瓜瓞，其实则唪唪然众多。是其本有天性，种则美好，於后果为稷官，而天下蒙赖。於“匍匐”之上言“诞”者，为岐嶷发文，美大於匍匐之时能岐嶷也。
○郑唯“实覃实訏”为异。言適始能坐而覃然，適始张口而訏然。馀同。
○传“覃长”至“嶷识”。
○正义曰：《释言》云：“覃，延也。”延引是渐长之义，故为长也。“訏，大。路，大”，《释诂》文。以岐、嶷言克，克是其性智之能，故以岐为有智之意，嶷为有识之貌。内有所知，乃外能识物，故先岐后嶷。
○笺“实之”至“岁时”。
○正义曰：“实覃实訏”，为“厥声载路”而言；“诞实匍匐”，为“克岐克嶷”而设，败实之为义，不指覃訏匍匐之体，故云“实之言適也”。適覃訏而声已大，適匍匐而已能岐嶷，为早慧之势也。定本为“实之言是”。案《集注》并为“適”。又以上言呱矣，谓其泣之声。下言匍匐，指其小之体。覃訏之文在其间，则亦指小时之实状，故云“覃，谓始能坐。訏，谓张口呜呼”。《仪礼》注云：“禫之言澹。澹然，安意也。”则覃亦安意，故为坐也。訏音呼，字又从言，故为张口呜呼。是时声音则已大矣，谓大於呱呱之时，因言张口呜呼，即说音声之大。且婴儿既坐而后弄口，破坐而后匍匐，则智识渐生，故於匍匐之下言岐、嶷，皆为事之次也。所知在於心神，故云“岐岐然意有所智”；识别发於耳目，故云“其貌嶷嶷然有所识别”，见内外之异也。岐、嶷皆是其貌，故重言之。此岐、嶷在匍匐之时，则其生亦未一年矣。就口食之时，则已稍大，故云“以至於能就众人口自食，谓六七岁时”也。言“至於”者，后此至彼，见其间悬远之意也。后稷以上智之资，必当早慧，六七岁时不应犹就人食。郑言六七岁者，以凡人之事准之耳。或以为就口食者，谓为稷官，以成就众人口食。案下笺云：“就口食之时，已有种殖之志，言天性也。”若为稷官之时，始有种殖之志，不足言其天性。且种殖之志，非始官居之日，指斥居官，不得云口食。以此知以就口食，正谓就众人之口自取食矣。
○传“荏菽”至“多实”。
○正义曰：《释草》云：“戎菽谓之荏菽。”孙炎曰：“大豆也。”此笺亦以为大豆。樊光、舍人、李巡、郭璞皆云：“今以为胡豆。”璞又云：“《春秋》‘齐侯来献戎捷’，《穀梁传》曰：‘戎菽也。’《管子》亦云：‘北伐山戎，出冬葱及戎菽，布之天下。’今之胡豆是也。”案《尔雅》戎菽皆为大豆，注《穀梁》者亦以为大豆也。郭璞等以戎、胡俱是夷名，故以戎菽为胡豆也。后稷种穀，不应舍中国之种，而种戎国之豆，即如郭言齐桓之伐山戎，始布其豆种，则后稷之所种者，何时绝其种乎？而齐桓复布之礼有戎车，不可谓之胡车，明戎菽正大豆是也。此荏菽重言者，以蓺之之文为下总目，於荏菽配之为句，又分别说其茂之状，故重言之。人供役者在於行列，禾无在役之义，故知役为列也。言其行相当，因禾文单，故以役配之。其旆旆、穟穟、幪幪，皆言生长茂盛之貌。因其文异，故以长、好、茂散而承之，其实互相通。瓜瓞与五穀异苗，以其蔓长，故不为叶茂，而以唪唪为多实也。定本“唪唪多实”之上，云“瓜瓞瓝也”，案《集注》等并无此四字。
○笺“蓺树”至“天性”。
○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：树者，种(zhong)木之名，可为(wei)种(zhong)殖通称(cheng)，故云(yun)“蓺，树也”。上言(yan)以就(jiu)口食(shi)，此经接於其(qi)下(xia)，故此所陈，即是(shi)就(jiu)食(shi)时事。就(jiu)口食(shi)之时，已有此种(zhong)殖之志，言(yan)其(qi)天性(xing)也。言(yan)其(qi)天性(xing)善於种(zhong)殖，於后果为(wei)稷官。《周本(ben)纪》曰(yue)：弃为(wei)儿(er)时，其(qi)游(you)戏，好种(zhong)殖，麻(ma)麦美。即此是(shi)也。又曰(yue)：“及为(wei)成人，遂好耕农，相地(di)之宜(yi)，宜(yi)五穀者稼穑之，民皆法之。尧闻之，举弃为(wei)农师，天下(xia)宜(yi)其(qi)利。”下(xia)章(zhang)是(shi)也。
诞后稷之穑，有相之道。相，助也。笺云：大矣，后稷之掌稼穑，有见助之道。谓若神助之力也。
○相，息亮反。注同。茀厥丰草，种之黄茂。实方实苞，实种实褎，实发实秀，实坚实好，实颖实栗，即有邰家室。茀，治也。黄，嘉谷也。茂，美也。方，极亩也。苞，本也。种，杂种也。褎，长也。发，尽发也。不荣而实曰秀。颖，垂颖也。栗，其实栗栗然。邰，姜嫄之国也。尧见天因邰而生后稷，故国后稷於邰，命使事天，以显神顺天命耳。笺云：丰、苞亦茂也。方，齐等也。种，生不杂也。褎，枝叶长也。发，发管时也。栗，成就也。后稷教民除治茂草，使种黍稷。黍稷生则茂好，孰则大成。以此成功，尧改封於邰，就其成国之家室无变更也。
○茀音拂(fu)，《韩诗》作(zuo)“拂(fu)”。拂(fu)，弗也(ye)。种，支(zhi)勇反(fan)(fan)。注(zhu)“种，杂种”、“种，生不杂”、下“嘉(jia)种”并注(zhu)并同(tong)。褎，余(yu)秀(xiu)反(fan)(fan)。颖(ying)，营(ying)井(jing)反(fan)(fan)，穗也(ye)。《尚书》云：“唐叔得禾，异亩同(tong)颖(ying)。”是也(ye)。邰(tai)，他(ta)来反(fan)(fan)，后稷所封国(guo)也(ye)，今在京兆武(wu)功(gong)县(xian)。
[疏]“诞后稷”至“家室”。
○毛以为，既言后稷为儿时好种田，此后言其为稷官时事也。可美大矣，后稷之教民稼穑，若有神明相助之道。言种之必好，似有神助，故可大也。又说其若有神助之状，言后稷之教民种殖，乃除治而去其茂盛之草，既去其草，於此地种之以黄色而茂盛者谓黍稷之穀也。於是此穀既生，实方正而极於垄亩无空缺之地，实根本而尽皆均调无稀穊之处，谓春生之时也。其苗实雍种而肥大，实褎褎然而生长，谓夏末时也。稍至秋初，禾又出穗，实尽发於管，实生粒皆秀更复少时其粒，实皆坚成，实又齐好，实穗重而垂颖，实成就而栗栗然，以此故收入弘多。尧善其功，而赐之土宇，封之於邰，就有邰国之家室焉。
○郑以方谓苗生齐等，苞谓苗之茂盛，种谓田种不杂，成功而改封於邰，非始有国土，唯此为异。其文势则同。
○笺“大矣”至“之力”。
○正义曰：下言有邰家室，言功成之时，则此章说为官时事，故云后稷之掌稼穑也。助人者，唯神耳，故知有见助之道，谓若神助之力。
○传“茀治”至“天命”。
○正义曰：“茀，治”，《释诂》文。此说后稷教彼而言种黄，则黄色是穀也。穀之黄色者唯黍稷耳，黍稷穀之善者，故云“黄，嘉穀也”。以黍稷是民食之主，故举以为言。其实诸种之穀皆种之。《閟宫》言“植稚菽麦”，《尚书》称“播时百穀”，是所种非独黄也。茂盛则人所美爱，故以茂为美。此种之黄茂为下总目，自此以下皆说嘉穀茂盛，故先言黄盛以总之。方者，正方之义，谓极尽垄亩，种无不生，地皆方正有苗，故以方为极亩。《易》称“系于苞桑”，谓系之桑本，故以苞为本。《庄子》说木之肥大云“雍肿无用”，故以种为雍肿，谓苗之肥盛也。褎者，禾长之貌，故言长也。发者，穗生於苗，初发苗生也。以上言苗之极亩平均则发者，非独一茎发耳，故言“尽发”。则褎亦尽长。秀颖好栗皆亦尽然。举一以明上下也。《释草》云：“华，荂荣也。木谓之华，草谓之荣，不荣而实谓之秀，荣而不实谓之英。”是不荣而实曰秀也。李巡曰：“分别异名以晓人。”然则彼是英秀对文，以英为不实，故以秀为不荣。其实黍稷皆先荣后实。《出车》云：“黍稷方华。”是嘉穀之秀必有荣也。此传因彼成文而引之耳。《说文》云：“颖，禾末也。”《禹贡》定赋远近之差，二百里纳铚，三百里纳秸。注云：“铚，断去也。”秸又云颖，则颖是禾穗之挺。《书序》云：“唐叔得禾，异亩同颖。”谓挺上合也。美其禾之成就，不当言其有颖而已，故云“颖，垂颖”。言其穗重而颖垂也。要是穀穗成就之颖，故云“其实栗栗然”。桓六年《左传》云：“奉酒醴以告曰：‘嘉栗旨酒。’”服虔云：“穀之初熟为栗。”是栗为穀熟貌。《世本》云：“有邰氏女曰姜嫄。”故知邰是姜嫄之国也。传以此言封之於邰，下言祭天之事，故解其意云：“尧见天因邰而生后稷。”谓使邰国之女生后稷也。“故国后稷於邰”，谓封为邰国之君，又特命之，使得事天，所以显后稷之神，顺上天之命故也。言国后稷於邰，犹《文王》笺云“而国於周”。后稷以前未有国，於此始封之也。此邰为后稷之母家，其国当自有君，所以得封后稷者，或时君绝灭，或迁之他所也。
○笺“丰”至“变更”。
○正义曰：《释诂》云：“苞、茂，丰也。”故知丰苞皆为茂也。以经已有茂，故言亦也。经每实之下皆当字成义，直言实本则不知何本，且《尔雅》以苞为茂，故易传也。方是方正，故言齐等，与传极亩亦同。但齐等据苗均，极亩据地满耳。以传言雍种是肥充之貌，禾生虽肥，不能至雍种。种者，系本初种之称，即《大田》“既种”是也，故以种为“生不杂”，谓不稂不莠也。传以褎为长，故申之为枝叶长也。传以发为尽发，不解发意，故云“发管时”。苗之将秀，心如竹管，穗发中而出，故言发管也。传言其实栗栗，止言栗栗是实貌，不言所以得然，故言“成就”以足之。案《集注》云“栗，成意也”，定本以“意”为“急”，恐非也。就其成国之室家无所变更者，谓邰国先有宫室，后稷就而有之，所以美后稷也。
○郑以姜嫄之(zhi)夫先为二王之(zhi)后(hou)，是先有国，故言(yan)改封其(qi)封，早(zao)晚亦(yi)无明(ming)文。《中候·握河(he)纪》云(yun)：“尧即政(zheng)七(qi)十年(nian)受《河(he)图》。”其(qi)末云(yun)：“斯(si)封稷、契(qi)、皋陶，赐姓(xing)号。”注云(yun)：“或云(yun)七(qi)十二年(nian)。”斯(si)此封三臣，止言(yan)封号，不(bu)道其(qi)时(shi)，即封此言(yan)成(cheng)功，盖治水毕后(hou)，地平天成(cheng)之(zhi)时(shi)也。稷之(zhi)功成(cheng)，实在尧世，其(qi)封於邰，必是尧之(zhi)封矣，故此笺及(ji)传(chuan)皆(jie)以为尧。《周本纪》云(yun)：“禹封弃於邰，号曰后(hou)稷。”以后(hou)稷之(zhi)号亦(yi)起舜时(shi)，其(qi)言(yan)不(bu)可信也。杜(du)预云(yun)：“邰，始平武功县所治釐(li)城。”是也。
诞降嘉种，维秬维秠，维穈维芑。天降嘉种。秬，黑黍也。秠，一稃二米也。穈，赤苗也。芑，白苗也。笺云：天应尧之显后稷，故为之下嘉种。
○秬音巨。秠，孚鄙反，亦黑黍也。又孚卑反，郭芳婢反。穈音门，《尔雅》作“{艹}”，同。郭亡伟反，赤粱粟也。芑音起，徐又巨已反，郭云“白粱粟也”。稃，芳于反，字书云：“粗糠也。”应，应对之应。为，于伪反。下“天为己”同。恒之秬秠，是获是亩。恒之穈芑，是任是负，以归肇祀。恒，徧。肇，始也。始归郊祀也。笺云：任，犹抱也。肇，郊之神位也。后稷以天为己下此四穀之故，则徧种之，成熟则获而亩计之，抱负以归，於郊祀天。得祀天者，二王之后也。
○恒，古邓反，本又作“亘”。获(huo)，户郭反。任(ren)音壬。注同。肇音兆。徧音遍。下同。
[疏]“诞降”至“肇祀”。
○毛以为，上既言后稷功成受国，尧又命使事天。此言其祭天之事。可美大矣，此后稷善能於稼穑，上天乃下善穀之种与之，使得种，以此祭祀。天与之穀，是可大也。其言善种者，维是黑黍之秬，维是黑黍二米之秠，维是赤苗之穈，维是白苗之芑。后稷既得此善种，乃徧种之以秬以秠，至熟则於是获刈之，於是亩计之。徧种之以穈以芑，至熟则於是任抱之，於是负檐之。以此秬秠穈芑之穀而归，始郊祀於上天也。
○郑以后稷先事天以归，郊兆之处而祀天为异。馀同。
○传“天降”至“白苗”。
○正义曰：降者，从上之辞，故知降嘉种者，是天降嘉种也。“秬，黑黍”以下，皆《释草》文。唯彼穈作“{艹衅}”，音同耳。李巡曰：“黑黍一名秬。”郭璞曰：“秠亦黑黍，但中米异耳。”汉和帝时，任城生黑黍，或三四实，实二米，得黍三斛八斗。则秬是黑黍之大名，秠是黑黍之中有二米者，别名之为秠，故此经异其文，而《尔雅》释之。若然，秬、秠皆黑黍矣。而《春官·鬯人》注云：“酿秬为酒。秬如黑黍，一秠二米。”言如者，以黑黍一米者多，秬为正称，二米则秬中之异，故言如，以明秬有二等也。秬有二等，则一米亦可为酒。《鬯人》之注必言二米者，以宗庙之祭，唯祼为重，二米嘉异之物，鬯酒宜当用之，故以二米解鬯。其实秬是大名，故云“酿秬为酒”。《尔雅》云“秠，一稃二米”，《鬯人》注云“一秠二米”，文不同者，《郑志》答张逸云：“秠即皮，其稃亦皮也。《尔雅》重言以晓人。”然则秠、稃古今语之异，故郑引《尔雅》得以稃为秠也。赤苗、白苗者，郭璞曰：“{艹衅}，今之赤粱粟；芑，今之白粱粟，皆好穀也。”
○笺“天应”至“嘉种”。
○正义曰：如此言，则功成受封之后，始天与之种，唯四穀而已。而《閟宫》云：“是生后稷，降之百福。黍稷重穋，稙稚菽麦。”所降多矣，非徒四穀。又彼下文乃言“奄有下国，俾民稼穑”，则是为稷官之日，已得此种。与此二文不同者，天降种者，美大后稷，以稷之必获，归功於天，非天实下之也。作者意异，故先后不同。此言祭之所用，故指陈黍稷。《閟宫》广言民食，故穀多於此。《孔丛》云：“魏王问子慎曰：‘往者中山之地无故有穀，乃云天雨，反以亡国，何也？’曰：‘自古及今，未闻天下穀与人。诗美后稷能大教民种穀，以利天下。若中山之穀，妖怪之事，非所谓天降祥也。’”以此而言，明非实降之也。案《集注》及定本於此并无“笺云”。
○传“恒徧”至“郊祀”。
○正义曰：以言种之广多，故以恒为徧。定本作“恒”，《集注》皆作“亘”字。“肇，始”，《释诂》文。上言封之於邰，是初为诸侯，故云“始归郊祀”。下云“上帝居歆”，知此祀为郊也。
○笺“任犹”至“之后”。
○正义曰：以(yi)任、负异文，负在(zai)背，故任为抱也(ye)(ye)。郑以(yi)后稷，二(er)(er)王之后，先得祭天，非为始祭，故云“肇，郊(jiao)之神(shen)位(wei)”，言神(shen)位(wei)之兆。“肇”宜作(zuo)“兆”。《春官·小(xiao)宗伯》云：“兆五帝於四郊(jiao)。”是也(ye)(ye)。《商(shang)颂》笺(jian)读肇为兆，此从略之。又云“得祀天者，二(er)(er)王之后”，申(shen)明肇不为始之意也(ye)(ye)。
诞我祀如何？或舂或揄，或簸或蹂。释之叟叟，烝之浮浮。揄，抒臼也。或簸糠者，或蹂黍者。释，淅米也。叟叟，声也。浮浮，气也。笺云：蹂之言润也。大矣，我后稷之祀天如何乎！美而将说其事也。舂而抒出之，簸之又润湿之，将复舂之，趣於凿也。释之烝之，以为酒及簠簋之实。
○舂，伤容反。揄音由，又以朱反，《说文》作“舀”，弋绍反。簸，波我反。蹂音柔。叟，所留反，字又作“溲”，涛米声也。《尔雅》作“溞”，音同。郭音骚。烝，之丞反。浮如字。《尔雅》、《说文》并作“烰”，云：“烝也。”抒，食汝反，《苍颉篇》云：“取出也。”穅音康，字亦作“康”，俗米旁作康，非。淅，星历反，《说文》云：“汰也。”汰音太。复，扶又反。凿，子洛反，精米也，《字林》作“”，云：“粝米一斛舂为八斗也。”子沃反。簠音甫。簋音轨。载谋载惟，取萧祭脂。取羝以軷，载燔载烈。尝之日涖卜来岁之芟，狝之日涖卜来岁之戒，社之日涖卜来岁之稼，所以兴来而继往也。穀熟而谋，陈祭而卜矣。取萧合黍稷，臭达墙屋。既奠而后爇萧合馨香也。羝，羊牡羊也。軷，道祭也。傅火曰燔，贯之加于火曰烈。笺云：惟，思也。烈之言烂也。后稷既为郊祀之酒及其米，则诹谋其日，思念其礼。至其时，取萧草与祭牲之脂，爇之於行神之位。馨香既闻，取羝羊之体以祭神。又燔烈其肉，为尸羞焉。自此而往郊。
○牴，都礼(li)反(fan)(fan)，字亦(yi)作“羝”。軷，蒲未反(fan)(fan)，《说(shuo)文》云：“出必告道神(shen)，为坛而(er)祭为軷。”《字林(lin)》同。父末反(fan)(fan)。燔(fan)音(yin)烦。后皆同。涖音(yin)利，又音(yin)类。芟，所(suo)衔(xian)反(fan)(fan)。狝，息浅反(fan)(fan)。奠，徒练反(fan)(fan)。爇，如悦反(fan)(fan)。馨，呼(hu)丁反(fan)(fan)。傅音(yin)附。贯，古乱反(fan)(fan)。诹，足(zu)须反(fan)(fan)。
以(yi)兴嗣(si)岁(sui)(sui)。兴来岁(sui)(sui)继(ji)往岁(sui)(sui)也(ye)。笺云：嗣(si)岁(sui)(sui)，今新(xin)(xin)岁(sui)(sui)也(ye)。以(yi)先岁(sui)(sui)之物齐敬犯軷而祀天者，将求(qiu)新(xin)(xin)岁(sui)(sui)之丰年也(ye)。孟春(chun)之令曰：“乃择元日，祈穀于上帝。”
[疏]“诞我”至“嗣岁”。
○毛以为，上言得穀祭天，此言将祭之事。可美大矣，我后稷之祀天，其礼如何？先以所得秬秠穈芑之粟，或使人在碓而舂之，或使人就臼而抒之，或使人簸扬其穅，或使人蹂践其黍。言其各有司存，并皆敏疾也。既蹂舂得米，乃浸之於盆，淅而释之，其声溲溲然，言趍疾。又炊之於甑，爨而烝之，其气浮浮然，言升盛也。既烝熟，乃以为酒食。又於先穀熟之时，则已谋度，所谓穀熟而谋，则已思惟其所祭之礼，谓陈祭而卜。以秋物之成，赖郊祀之福，故穀熟则谋更郊，所以豫备酒食也。至祭之日，乃取萧之香蒿，与祭牲之脂膏，而爇烧之於行神之位，使其馨香远闻。又取羝羊之体，以为犯軷之祭。其祭軷也，取所祭之肉则傅火而燔之，则加火而烈之，以为尸之羞。既祭神道，乃自此而往於郊，以祭天也。所以用先岁之物齐敬犯軷而祀天者，欲以兴起来岁，使之继嗣往岁，而恒得丰年故也。
○郑以舂、揄、簸、蹂为事之次。蹂之言润，既簸去穅，或复以水润湿之，将更舂以趍於凿。“载谋载惟”，谓将祭，诹谋其日，思念其礼，非穀熟已谋，以此为异。又以兴嗣岁为兴起新岁。馀同。
○传“揄抒”至“浮气”。
○正义曰：以“揄”文在“舂”下“簸”上，既舂而未簸，故知揄为抒臼，谓抒米以出臼也，出臼则簸之，故或有簸穅者。或蹂黍者，谓蹂践其黍，然后舂之，然则文当在舂、揄之上，今在下者，以蹂亦为舂，而为之揄、簸俱是舂，进令与舂相近，且退蹂以为韵也。上有穈芑是稷，而独云蹂黍者，以祭用黍以为主，故举黍以言。传每言“或”者，明各有其人，俱趍於事，不相兼也。“释之”既在“簸”之下“烝”之上，故知为淅米也。《说文》云：“淅，汰米也。”《孟子》曰：“孔子去齐，接淅而行”，谓洮米未炊，漉之而去，言其疾也。《释训》云：“溞溞，淅也。烰烰，烝也。”樊光引此诗。孙炎曰：“溞溞，淅米声。烰烰，炊之气。”溞、浮与此不同，古今字耳。传以洮米则有声，故言“溲溲，声”。烝饭则有气，故言“浮浮，气”，取《尔雅》之意为说也。
○笺“蹂之”至“之实”。
○正义曰：以“蹂”文在“或簸”之下，不应方言蹂黍以水，润米必当蹂之使湿，故云“蹂之言润”。“如何乎”者，问人之辞，故云“美而将说其事”。意欲说之，故设辞自问。上“生民如何”，亦如此也。於此乃注，彼从可知。舂、揄之下，始云“或蹂”，故知是既舂而揉出之，又润湿之，将复舂以趍於凿也。《召旻》笺云：“米之率：粝十，粺九，凿八，侍御七。”《九章算术》：“粟一石为粝米六斗，舂粝一斗为粺九升。又舂为凿则八升，又舂为侍御则七升。”言趍於凿者，此承四穀之后，一舂一簸始为粝米。又一湿一舂，犹未至於凿，故言“趋於”，为渐到之意也。米之细者，乃穷於御。止言趍於凿者，以经、传说祭祀之馔，无言用御米者。桓二年《左传》云：“粢食不凿，昭其俭也。”则不俭者有用凿之处。郊天尊於宗庙，其祭或当用之，故止言“於凿”也。桓十四年《穀梁传》说宗庙之事，夫人亲舂。《楚语》云：“天子禘郊之事，王后必自舂其粢；诸侯宗庙之事，夫人必自舂其盛。”韦昭云：“粢、盛互文也。”言舂，不过如天子躬耕三推而已，故传言或不斥后夫人也。《楚语》又云：“天子亲舂禘之盛。”韦昭云：“率后舂之，亦天子亲舂也。”酒与食用此米为之，故云“释之烝之，以为酒及簠簋之实。”孙毓云：“《诗》之叙事，率以其次。既簸穅矣，而甫以蹂，为蹂黍当先，蹂乃得舂，不得先舂而后蹂也。既蹂即释之烝之，是其次。笺义为长。”《集注》等皆为“蹂黍”，定本为“蹂米”者，误也。
○传“尝之”至“曰烈”。
○正义曰：传自“尝之日”至“来岁之稼”皆《春官·肆师职》文也。言於秋尝祭宗庙之日，则肆师临卜，问其来岁之芟除草木以种田宜之以否；於秋狝当猎之日，肆师临卜，问其来岁之所戒备得无兵寇以否；於祭社之日，则肆师临卜，问其来岁之所稼种宜之以否。以尝者，尝新穀。古之始耕田者，芟草以种穀。今得新穀，芟草之功，故於尝日问芟。狝主习兵，以戒不虞，故狝日问戒。社者祭土，主稼穑，故於社日问稼。郑於彼注，其意为然。芟稼俱是田事，而异日异问者，以尝新穀而本穀初，初莫先於芟草，故问芟。稼种善否，土地之事，故祭土之日而问稼也。社文在尝、狝之下，谓秋狝祭社也。尝在孟秋，狝、社俱在仲秋，取禽而后祭社，故先狝后社也。尝、社是祭神之事耳，因而问卜。狝乃秋猎，不接神明，亦言卜来岁者，卜者自问吉凶於龟，不由尝、社所祭之神，但因用其日而问之耳。狝为习兵，故因兵事。所以引此三文者，欲见今秋穀熟之时，即谋来年郊祭之事，似今秋祭社之日，豫卜来岁之稼。若然，必以今秋豫卜来岁者，欲令来岁还似今秋，是兴来继往之义。不云卜郊，而言陈祭而卜者，以来年郊祭本为祈穀，今社日卜来岁之稼，即是卜郊之义也。陈祭而卜，谓陈列尝、社，祭之日，豫卜来年善否。若然，此“载谋载惟”，於穀熟已谋，则其事在於酒食之前，当与上四穀相连，不可以他事间之。谋、惟是思念祭事，故下之，令与祭事相比也。又云“萧合黍稷，臭达墙屋。既奠而后爇萧合馨香”，皆《郊特牲》文。彼唯“馨”作“膻”。注云：“膻当作馨，字之误也。”盖毛时未误，故读彼从此。彼言“臭阳达於墙屋”，此无“阳”、“於”二字，引之略耳。彼言宗庙之祭，此是将郊为軷道之祭，事不同而引之者，证此用萧之意。萧，香蒿也。爇，烧也。言宗庙之祭，以香蒿合黍稷，欲使臭气通达於墙屋，故《记》酌於尸，已奠之，而后烧此香蒿，以合其馨香之气，使神歆飨之，故此亦用萧，取其馨香也。此言“祭脂”，彼不言脂；彼言“黍稷”，此不言黍稷，皆文不具耳。“羝，牡羊”者，以祭不用牝，故知是牡也。《释畜》云：“羊牡，牜分；牝，牜羊。”郭璞曰：“牜分谓吴羊白羝者也，是亦以牡为羝也。”“軷，道祭”，谓祭道神之祭。“傅火曰燔”，谓加火烧之。《商颂》曰“如火烈烈”，则烈是火猛之意，不可近烧，故云“贯之加於火上曰烈”，即今之炙肉也。
○笺“惟思”至“往郊”。
○正义曰：“惟，思”，《释诂》文。又申明远火为烈之意。《说文》云：“烈，火猛也。烂，火熟也。”俱是火熟之意，故云“烈之言烂也”。以酒则豫酿而成，食则临祭乃作，故云“后稷既为郊祀之酒及其米”。於此仍言“其米”，则上为“烝之释之”正为酒耳。而笺兼言簠簋之实者，以彼文有舂簸之事，其为米者，非独为酒而已，故兼言簠簋之实。簠簋之实，必就郊兆作之，故此言“其米”也。礼，大夫以上，将祭必诹谋其日，日定乃卜之。《特牲礼》云“不诹日”，明大夫以上诹之矣，故云“诹谋其日”。彼注云：“诹，谋也。”载谋是谋其日，则载惟是思其礼，故云“思念其礼”。正以《特牲》有“诹”之文，故易传不以谋为“穀熟而谋”。“取萧草与祭祀之脂”，还是羝之脂也。以牲为軷祭而设，羝宜与軷同文，脂则配萧而用，故先言之。“爇之於行神之位”，正谓祭軷之位，以軷之所祭，即是七祀行神，故言行神之位。馨香既闻，取羝羊之体以祭神者，谓取牲体以祭，伏於軷上。《秋官·犬人》云：“凡祭祀供犬牲，伏瘗亦如之。”郑司农云：“伏谓伏犬，以王车轹之。”明此用羝，亦伏体軷上，故言体也。《犬人》伏用犬牲，此用羝者，盖天子诸侯异礼。彼天子用犬，此诸侯用羊，礼相变也。“又燔烈其肉，为尸羞”，言“又”者，亦用此羝之肉为之也。以七祀之祭皆有尸，明軷祭亦有尸。其燔炙者，事尸之羞，故云“为尸羞”也。此后稷为诸侯，得有尸，则天子軷祭亦有尸。依《聘礼》卿大夫軷祭用酒脯，则无尸矣。郊之兆位在国外，故云“自此而往郊”也。
○传“兴来岁继往岁”。
○正义曰：此一句非祭所用，故分而注之。以兴者，是有所起发之意；嗣者，继续之言，故知为此祭者，欲以追起来岁，以继续往岁，使之岁穀恒熟，常获丰年也。来岁者，据今祭时，以未至为来、已过为往耳，非要别年也。何则？尧命后稷郊天，未至定用何月，要在岁首为之，所言来岁，正谓此年之秋耳。
○笺“嗣岁”至“上帝”。
○正(zheng)义曰：笺(jian)意定(ding)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)月为郊(jiao)，何则(ze)？正(zheng)朔(shuo)三而(er)改。自(zi)(zi)夏而(er)上推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，高(gao)辛氏当以(yi)(yi)(yi)建寅(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月为正(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)《尧典》云(yun)(yun)“三帛”。注云(yun)(yun)“高(gao)辛氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后用黑缯”，是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，自(zi)(zi)行其(qi)祖正(zheng)朔(shuo)。后稷，高(gao)辛氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胄，郊(jiao)必(bi)正(zheng)月。既以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)月为郊(jiao)，则(ze)嗣(si)(si)(si)岁(sui)(sui)，郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)(sui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“嗣(si)(si)(si)岁(sui)(sui)，今新岁(sui)(sui)”。新岁(sui)(sui)而(er)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嗣(si)(si)(si)者，使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)继嗣(si)(si)(si)往年，犹嗣(si)(si)(si)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)继父。其(qi)意微与毛异，大理亦同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“孟(meng)春(chun)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下，皆《月令》文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。定(ding)本云(yun)(yun)“孟(meng)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令曰”，无“月”字。元(yuan)日，谓善日上辛也(ye)(ye)(ye)。祈(qi)(qi)穀，即郊(jiao)天也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引此以(yi)(yi)(yi)证郊(jiao)祭而(er)云(yun)(yun)嗣(si)(si)(si)岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，由郊(jiao)天主(zhu)为祈(qi)(qi)穀故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼器》曰：“祭祀不祈(qi)(qi)。”言祈(qi)(qi)穀者，不可(ke)私为己祈(qi)(qi)，而(er)穀者所以(yi)(yi)(yi)养民，故(gu)(gu)言祈(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
卬盛于豆，于豆于登，其香始升。上帝居歆，胡臭亶时？卬，我也。木曰豆，瓦曰登。豆，荐菹醢也。登，大羹也。笺云：胡之言何也。亶，诚也。我后稷盛菹醢之属当于豆者于登者，其馨香始上行，上帝则安而歆享之，何芳臭之诚得其时乎？美之也。祀天用瓦豆，陶器质也。
○卬，五郎反。盛音(yin)成(cheng)。注同。“其香”一本作“馨(xin)”。亶，都但(dan)反。菹，庄居(ju)反。醢音(yin)海。上，时掌反。
后稷肇祀，庶无罪悔，以迄于今。迄，至也。笺云：庶，众也。后稷肇祀上帝於郊，而天下众民咸得其所，无有罪过也。子孙蒙其福，以至於今，故推以配天焉。
○迄(qi)，许乞反。
[疏]“卬盛”至“于今”。
○毛以为，上言将往祭天，此言正祭之事。我后稷菹醢大羹之属，盛之於豆，又盛之於登，以此而往荐祭。此豆登所盛之物，其馨香之气始上行，上帝则安居而歆飨之。既为上帝所歆，故反言以美之，何有芳臭之诚得其时若此者乎？言无有若此之最善也。帝既飨其祭祀，降其福禄，又述而美之。言后稷受尧之命，始为郊祀，其福乃流於天下之众民，令皆得其所，无有罪过而令人悔恨者，子孙蒙其馀福，以至於今而赖之。今文王得由之而起。今既致太平，故推之以配天焉。
○郑唯以肇祀为郊兆之祀为异。馀同。
○传“卬我”至“大羹”。
○正义曰：“卬，我”，《释诂》文。《释器》云：“木豆谓之豆。瓦豆谓之登。”是木曰豆，瓦曰登。对文则瓦、木异名，散则皆名豆，故云瓦豆谓之登。《冬官·瓬人》“掌为瓦器”，而云“豆中悬”，郑云：“悬绳正豆之柄，瓦亦名豆也。”再言“於豆”者，叠之以足句耳。经唯言盛於豆，传辨其所盛之物。《天官·醢人》“掌四豆之实，皆有菹醢”，是豆为荐羞菹醢也。《公食大夫礼》云：“大羹湆不和，实於登。”是登为大羹湆者，肉汁。大古之羹也，不调以盐菜，以质，故以瓦器盛之。笺“亶诚”至“器质”。
○正义曰：“亶诚”，《释诂》文。言盛菹醢之属者，以略不言羹，故言“之属”以包之。祀天而用瓦豆者，以陶器质故也。《郊特牲》曰：“埽地而祭，於其质也，器用陶匏。”是也。定本、《集注》皆云“其馨香始上行”，俗本作“上闻”者，误也。
○传“迄，至”。
○正义曰：《释诂》文。上传肇为始，此亦当然。
○笺“庶众”至“天焉”。
○正义曰：“庶，众”，《释诂》文。《抑》云：“庶无(wu)罪(zui)(zui)悔。”笺以(yi)庶为(wei)(wei)幸(xing)。以(yi)彼是(shi)警戒之辞(ci)，故为(wei)(wei)冀幸(xing)之义。此既为(wei)(wei)上帝所歆，不是(shi)始冀无(wu)罪(zui)(zui)，故以(yi)庶为(wei)(wei)众。后稷(ji)为(wei)(wei)二王(wang)之后，一国(guo)言耳，纵使祭天得(de)所，不过福(fu)及一国(guo)，而言“天下(xia)众民咸得(de)其所，无(wu)罪(zui)(zui)”者，以(yi)祭天而得(de)丰(feng)年(nian)，可(ke)以(yi)广(guang)及天下(xia)，且以(yi)后稷(ji)之教田农，天下(xia)皆得(de)其利，故天下(xia)言之。
《生(sheng)民》八(ba)章，四(si)章章十句，四(si)章章八(ba)句。