《尔雅注疏》卷七·释山第(di)十一
【疏】“释山第十一”。○释曰:案《释名》云:“山,产也。”言产生万物。《说文》云:“山,宣也,宣气散生万物,有石而高,象形也。”此篇释诸山之名,故云释山。
河(he)南(nan)(nan)华,(华阴(yin)山(shan)(shan)。)河(he)西岳,(吴岳。)河(he)东(dong)岱(dai),(岱(dai)宗,泰(tai)山(shan)(shan)。)河(he)北(bei)恒(heng),(北(bei)岳恒(heng)山(shan)(shan)。)江南(nan)(nan)衡。(衡山(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)岳。)
【疏】“河(he)南(nan)华(hua)”至(zhi)“江(jiang)南(nan)衡(heng)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):篇首载此(ci)五山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以为中(zhong)国之(zhi)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。案(an)《周礼(li)·职方氏》:“河(he)南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)华(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)西曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雍州(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)岳山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)东曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)兖州(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)岱(dai)(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)恒(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”“正(zheng)南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荆州(zhou)(zhou),其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇(zhen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云:“镇(zhen)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)安(an)地德者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)为五岳,知者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)郑(zheng)注(zhu)《大司乐》云:“五岳,岱(dai)(dai)在(zai)(zai)兖州(zhou)(zhou),衡(heng)在(zai)(zai)荆州(zhou)(zhou),华(hua)在(zai)(zai)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou),岳在(zai)(zai)雍州(zhou)(zhou),恒(heng)(heng)在(zai)(zai)并(bing)州(zhou)(zhou)。”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。案(an),下文及经(jing)典群书(shu)言五岳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)数(shu)嵩高(gao)不数(shu)岳。而(er)(er)郑(zheng)云然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),盖(gai)郑(zheng)有所(suo)案(an)据,更见异意也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)正(zheng)名(ming)五岳,必(bi)取嵩高(gao)为定解,下文别(bie)释(shi)。云“河(he)南(nan)华(hua)”、注(zhu)“华(hua)阴(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《禹贡(gong)》“导河(he)积石,至(zhi)于龙门;南(nan)至(zhi)于华(hua)阴(yin);东至(zhi)于底(di)柱”。孔(kong)(kong)安(an)国云:“河(he)自龙门南(nan)流至(zhi)华(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),北(bei)而(er)(er)东行。”然则(ze)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)河(he)之(zhi)南(nan),故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“河(he)南(nan)华(hua)”。下皆(jie)放(fang)此(ci)。在(zai)(zai)华(hua)阴(yin)县界,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)华(hua)阴(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。云“河(he)西岳”、注(zhu)“吴岳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)(zai)西河(he)之(zhi)西,一(yi)名(ming)吴岳。郑(zheng)玄云:“在(zai)(zai)。”云“河(he)东岱(dai)(dai)”、注(zhu)“岱(dai)(dai)宗(zong),泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)(zai)东河(he)之(zhi)东,一(yi)名(ming)岱(dai)(dai)宗(zong),一(yi)名(ming)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。郑(zheng)玄云:“在(zai)(zai)博(bo)。”云“河(he)北(bei)恒(heng)(heng)”、注(zhu)“北(bei)岳,恒(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下文“恒(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为北(bei)岳”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)玄云:“在(zai)(zai)上(shang)曲阳。”云“江(jiang)南(nan)衡(heng)”、注(zhu)“衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)岳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《禹贡(gong)》云:“岷(min)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)导江(jiang)。”又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“岷(min)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)阳至(zhi)于衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”孔(kong)(kong)注(zhu)云:“衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),江(jiang)所(suo)经(jing)。”然则(ze)江(jiang)水(shui)经(jing)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)北(bei),东入于海,故曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“江(jiang)南(nan)衡(heng)”也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)注(zhu)《大宗(zong)伯(bo)》云:五岳,“南(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衡(heng)”也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
山三袭(xi),陟。(袭(xi)亦重。)
【疏】“山三袭,陟(zhi)。”注(zhu)“袭亦重”。○释曰:山之形若三山重累者名(ming)陟(zhi)。重衣谓之袭,故(gu)以袭为重也。上篇注(zhu)已云(yun)“成(cheng)犹重也”,故(gu)此云(yun)亦也。
再成(cheng),英。(两山相重(zhong)。)
【疏】“再成(cheng),英”。注(zhu)“两山相重(zhong)(zhong)”。○释曰:成(cheng),重(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)。山形两重(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)名英。今南郡英山县,盖(gai)取此名也(ye)。
一成,坯。(《书》曰:“至(zhi)于大(da)亻(ren)丕。”○坯,备悲切。)
【疏】“一成,坯”。注“《书》曰:‘至于大(da)亻丕(pi)。’”○释曰:案此文则山上(shang)更(geng)有(you)一山重累者(zhe),名亻丕(pi)。“《书》曰”者(zhe),《禹贡》文也(ye)。孔安国云(yun):“山再成曰亻丕(pi)。”与(yu)此不同者(zhe),盖(gai)所见异也(ye)。郑玄云(yun):“大(da)亻丕(pi),在武武德之界。”张揖云(yun):“成皋县山也(ye)。”《汉书音义》臣瓒(zan)以为皆非。今(jin)黎阳县山临河(he),岂不是大(da)亻丕(pi)乎?瓒(zan)意当然。
山大而高(gao),崧(song)。(今中岳嵩(song)高(gao)山,盖依此名。○崧(song),嵩(song)。)
【疏】“山大而高(gao)(gao),崧(song)”。注“今中岳嵩(song)山,盖依此名(ming)”。○释曰:《诗·大雅》云(yun):“崧(song)高(gao)(gao)维岳。”毛(mao)传云(yun):“崧(song),高(gao)(gao)貌。”《释名(ming)》云(yun):“崧(song),竦也。亦高(gao)(gao)称(cheng)也。”李巡(xun)曰:“高(gao)(gao)大曰嵩(song)。”此则山高(gao)(gao)大者自名(ming)崧(song)。本不(bu)指中岳,名(ming)嵩(song)高(gao)(gao)或取(qu)此文(wen)以立名(ming)乎?无正文(wen),故云(yun)“盖”以疑(yi)之。
山小而高(gao),岑。(言岑。)
【疏】“山小而(er)高(gao),岑”。注(zhu)“言岑”。○释曰:言山形(xing)虽小而(er)高(gao)者,名岑也。
锐而(er)高,峤。(言(yan)钅峻(jun)。○峤,音乔。)
【疏】“锐(rui)而高(gao),峤”。注“言(yan)钅(jin)峻”。○释曰(yue):锐(rui)则钅(jin)也,言(yan)山形(xing)钅(jin)峻而高(gao)者名峤。《列子》曰(yue):“氵(shui)孛(bei)海(hai)之东(dong)有壑,其中山曰(yue)员峤。”盖同此也。
卑而大,扈(hu)。(扈(hu),广貌。)
【疏】“卑而大(da),扈(hu)”。注(zhu)“扈(hu),广貌”。○释(shi)曰:言山形卑下而广大(da)者名扈(hu)。《礼记·檀(tan)弓》云:“南宫纟舀之妻(qi)之姑之丧。夫子诲之,ヮ曰:‘尔(er)毋扈(hu)扈(hu)尔(er)。’”郑注(zhu)云:“扈(hu)扈(hu)谓大(da)广。”盖取此义也。
小(xiao)而(er)众,岿(kui)。(小(xiao)山(shan)丛罗。○岿(kui),丘(qiu)鬼切。)
【疏】“小而(er)众(zhong),岿”。注“小山丛罗”。○释(shi)曰(yue):言山小而(er)众(zhong)、丛萃罗列(lie)者,名岿。
小山(shan)岌(ji)大山(shan),亘(gen)。(岌(ji)谓高过。○岌(ji),鱼泣切。亘(gen),桓。)
【疏】“小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)岌大山(shan)(shan),亘(gen)(gen)”。注“岌谓(wei)高过”。○释曰:言小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)与大山(shan)(shan)相并,而小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)高过於大山(shan)(shan)者,名亘(gen)(gen)。非谓(wei)小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)名岌,大山(shan)(shan)名亘(gen)(gen)也(ye)。
属者(zhe),峄。(言骆(luo)驿相连属。○属,烛。峄,亦(yi)。)
【疏】“属(shu)者(zhe),峄(yi)”。注“言骆驿相连属(shu)”。○释曰:言山形相连属(shu)、骆驿然不(bu)绝者(zhe),名峄(yi)。骆驿,连属(shu)不(bu)绝之辞(ci)。《禹贡》云:“峄(yi)阳孤桐。”《地理志》云:东海下邳县西(xi)有“葛(ge)峄(yi)山”,取此名也(ye)。
独者,蜀。(蜀亦孤独。)
【疏】“独者(zhe),蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”。注(zhu)“蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)亦孤(gu)(gu)独”。○释曰:言山之孤(gu)(gu)独者(zhe)名蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。案《说(shuo)文》云(yun)(yun):蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),虫名。《诗》云(yun)(yun):“々者(zhe)蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。”《释虫》云(yun)(yun):“厄,乌。”郭云(yun)(yun):“大虫如指(zhi),似蚕。”此虫更无群匹(pi),故云(yun)(yun)蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)亦孤(gu)(gu)独。既(ji)虫之孤(gu)(gu)独者(zhe)蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),是以山之孤(gu)(gu)独者(zhe)亦名蜀(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)也。
上正,章。(山上平。)
【疏】“上(shang)正,章”。注“山上(shang)平”。○释曰:正犹平也(ye)。言山形上(shang)平者名章。
宛(wan)中,隆。(山中央高(gao)。)
【疏】“宛中(zhong),隆”。注(zhu)“山(shan)中(zhong)央高(gao)”。○释曰:言山(shan)形(xing)中(zhong)央蕴聚而高(gao)者(zhe)名(ming)隆。
山脊(ji),冈。(谓山长脊(ji)。)
【疏】“山(shan)脊(ji),冈”。注“谓山(shan)长脊(ji)”。○释曰(yue):孙炎云:“长山(shan)之脊(ji)也(ye)。”言高(gao)山(shan)之长脊(ji),名冈。《诗》云“陟彼(bi)高(gao)冈”是(shi)也(ye)。
未及上,翠微。(近上旁陂。)
【疏】“未(wei)及上,翠(cui)微”。注(zhu)“近上旁陂(po)”。○释曰:谓未(wei)及顶上、在旁陂(po)陀之处,名翠(cui)微。一说:山(shan)气青缥色,故曰“翠(cui)微”也。
山(shan)顶,冢。(山(shan)颠。)者,<厂垂(chui)><厂义(yi)>。(谓山(shan)峰头岩。○,子恤反(fan)。<厂垂(chui)>,子规切。<厂义(yi)>音危。)
【疏】“山(shan)顶”至“<厂(chang)垂><厂(chang)义>”。○释曰:此(ci)二句释《小雅·十(shi)月》云“山(shan)冢崩”之(zhi)文(wen)也。毛传云:“山(shan)顶曰冢。”郑笺云:“者(zhe),崔嵬。”虽音字小异,义实同(tong)也,是取此(ci)文(wen)为(wei)说(shuo)。彼云:“冢者(zhe),谓山(shan)顶也。”《释言》云:“颠(dian),顶也。”故此(ci)郭云“山(shan)颠(dian)”。彼云:“萃者(zhe),谓山(shan)颠(dian)之(zhi)末,其峰岩<厂(chang)垂><厂(chang)义>然(ran)者(zhe)也。”
山如堂(tang)者,密。(形如堂(tang)室(shi)者。《尸子》曰:“松柏之(zhi)(zhi)鼠,不知堂(tang)密之(zhi)(zhi)有美枞。”)
【疏】“山如(ru)(ru)堂(tang)者(zhe),密”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue):言山形如(ru)(ru)堂(tang)室(shi)者(zhe),名密。○注“《尸(shi)子》至”美枞(zong)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue):此《尸(shi)子·绰子》篇文,引(yin)之证山有名密者(zhe)。
如防者,盛。(防,是。盛,音成。)
【疏】“如(ru)防者,盛(sheng)(sheng)”。注(zhu)“防,是”。○释曰(yue):此盛(sheng)(sheng),读如(ru)粢盛(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng)。是防之(zhi)形{隋(sui)山}而(er)高(gao)峻,若黍稷之(zhi)在器(qi),故其山形如(ru)是防者,亦名盛(sheng)(sheng)也。
峦,山(shan)(shan)(shan)堕。(谓山(shan)(shan)(shan)形长狭者,荆州谓之峦。《诗》曰:“{隋山(shan)(shan)(shan)}山(shan)(shan)(shan)乔岳。”○{隋山(shan)(shan)(shan)},汤(tang)果切。)
【疏】“峦,山(shan)(shan)堕”。○释曰(yue):凡物狭而长(zhang)者,谓之{隋山(shan)(shan)},则(ze)此言(yan)山(shan)(shan){隋山(shan)(shan)}者,谓山(shan)(shan)形(xing)狭长(zhang)者,一名峦也(ye)。○注“《诗》曰(yue):‘{隋山(shan)(shan)}山(shan)(shan)乔岳。’”○释曰(yue):《周颂·般》篇文也(ye)。
重(zhong),兼(jian)。(谓山(shan)形如累两(liang)。,甑。山(shan)形状似之,因以(yi)名云。○重(zhong),平声。,言蹇(jian)反(fan)。兼(jian),音俨。)
【疏】“重(zhong),兼”。注“谓山(shan)”至“名云(yun)”。○释曰:孙炎云(yun):“山(shan)基有重(zhong)岸也。”郭云(yun):“,甑(zeng)”者,郑众注《考(kao)工记(ji)》云(yun):“,无甑(zeng)。”《方言》云(yun):“甑(zeng),自关而东谓之(zhi)。”故知,甑(zeng)也。
左右有岸,<厂缶>。(夹山有岸。○<厂缶>,口阁切。)
【疏】“左(zuo)右有岸(an),<厂缶>”。注(zhu)“夹山(shan)有岸(an)”。○释(shi)曰(yue):谓(wei)山(shan)两边有水,山(shan)与水为岸(an),此山(shan)名<厂缶>。
大山宫小山,霍。(宫谓围绕之(zhi)(zhi)。《礼记》曰“君(jun)为庐宫之(zhi)(zhi)”是也。)
【疏】“大山(shan)宫(gong)小山(shan),霍(huo)”。○释(shi)曰(yue):宫(gong)犹围(wei)绕(rao)也(ye)(ye)。谓小山(shan)在中,大山(shan)在外围(wei)绕(rao)之,山(shan)形若此者,名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)。非谓大山(shan)名(ming)(ming)宫(gong),小山(shan)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)也(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)“宫(gong)谓”至“是也(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)曰(yue):“《礼记(ji)》曰(yue)”者,《丧大记(ji)》文也(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)云:“宫(gong)谓围(wei)障之也(ye)(ye)。”引之者,证宫(gong)为(wei)围(wei)绕(rao)之义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
小山别大山,鲜。(不(bu)相连(lian)。○别,彼(bi)列切。鲜,息浅切。)
【疏】“小山(shan)别(bie)大(da)(da)山(shan),鲜(xian)”。注(zhu)“不(bu)相连(lian)”。○释曰:谓小山(shan)与大(da)(da)山(shan)分别(bie)不(bu)相连(lian)属(shu)者(zhe),名鲜(xian)。李巡(xun)云:“大(da)(da)山(shan)少,故曰鲜(xian)。”
山绝,陉。(连(lian)中(zhong)断(duan)绝。○陉,形。)
【疏】“山绝,陉”。注“连中断(duan)绝”。○释曰:谓山形连延(yan)中忽断(duan)绝者,名(ming)陉。
多(duo)小(xiao)石,敖。(多(duo)礓砾(li)。○敖,音敲(qiao)。)
【疏】“多小石(shi),敖(ao)。”注“多礓砾(li)”。○释曰:礓砾(li),即小石(shi)也。山多此小石(shi)者名(ming)敖(ao)。《释名(ming)》曰:“小石(shi)曰砾(li)。”
“多大石,【C200】。(多盘石。○【C200】,音壳。)
【疏】“多大石,【C200】”。注“多盘石”。○释曰:盘,大石也。山多此盘石者名【C200】。
多草木,岵;无(wu)草木,亥(hai)。(皆见《诗》。○岵,户。亥(hai),屺。)
【疏】“多草木,岵(hu);无草木,亥(hai)”。注“皆见(jian)《诗》”。○释曰(yue):亥(hai)当作屺,音起。案《诗·魏风》云:“陟彼(bi)岵(hu)兮,瞻(zhan)望父兮。”又曰(yue):“陟彼(bi)屺兮,瞻(zhan)望母兮。”毛传云:“山无草木曰(yue)岵(hu)。”“山有(you)草木曰(yue)屺。”与此不同者(zhe),当是传写误也。王肃解依《尔雅》。
山(shan)上有水,埒(lie)(lie)。(有停泉。○埒(lie)(lie),音劣。)
【疏】“山上有(you)水(shui),埒(lie)”。注“有(you)停泉”。○释(shi)曰:谓山巅之(zhi)上有(you)停泉,名埒(lie)。
夏有水(shui)(shui),冬无水(shui)(shui),泶。(有停潦。○泶,音学。)
【疏】“夏有(you)(you)(you)水(shui),冬无水(shui),泶(xue)”。注“有(you)(you)(you)停潦”。○释曰:潦,雨水(shui)也。言山(shan)上污(wu)下(xia),夏有(you)(you)(you)停泉,至冬竭涸者,名泶(xue)。
山<从(cong)卖>无所通,。(所谓穷渎(du)者,虽(sui)无所通,与水注(zhu)川同名。○<从(cong)卖>,音(yin)渎(du)。)
【疏】“山(shan)<从卖(mai)>无所(suo)通(tong),”。○释曰:<从卖(mai)>即(ji)沟渎也(ye)(ye)。山(shan)有(you)<从卖(mai)>而无通(tong)流者,名。注(zhu)“所(suo)谓(wei)”至“同名”。○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“所(suo)谓(wei)”者,所(suo)谓(wei)《释丘》云(yun)(yun)“穷渎,汜”者也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun):“与水(shui)注(zhu)川同名”者,即(ji)《释水(shui)》云(yun)(yun)“水(shui)注(zhu)川曰”是也(ye)(ye)。
石戴(dai)土谓之崔(cui)嵬(wei)。(石山上(shang)有土者。○崔(cui),徂回切(qie)。嵬(wei),五回切(qie)。)土戴(dai)石为且。(土山上(shang)有石者。○且,七(qi)余切(qie)。)
【疏】“石戴(dai)”至“为且”。○释曰:《诗·周南·卷耳》云:“陟(zhi)彼崔(cui)嵬。”又(you)云:“陟(zhi)彼且矣。”毛传云:“崔(cui)嵬,土山之戴(dai)石者。”“石山戴(dai)土曰且。”与此正反者,或传写误也。
山夹水(shui),涧。陵夹水(shui),氵虞(yu)。(别山陵间有(you)水(shui)者(zhe)之(zhi)名。○氵虞(yu),音虞(yu)。)
【疏】“山夹(jia)”至“水(shui)氵虞”。○释曰:谓山间有(you)水(shui)者(zhe)名涧。《诗》云“考盘(pan)在涧”,是也。其陵(ling)间有(you)水(shui)者(zhe)名氵虞。
山(shan)有穴为岫(xiu)。(谓岩穴。)
【疏】“山(shan)有(you)穴为(wei)(wei)岫”。○释(shi)曰:谓山(shan)有(you)岩穴者为(wei)(wei)岫也。
山西曰夕阳,(暮(mu)乃见(jian)日。)
【疏】“山西曰夕阳(yang)(yang)”。注“暮乃(nai)见日”。○释曰:日即阳(yang)(yang)也,夕始得阳(yang)(yang),故名夕阳(yang)(yang)。《诗·大雅·公(gong)刘》云:“度其夕阳(yang)(yang),豳居允荒。”是也。
山东曰朝阳。(旦(dan)即见日(ri)。)
【疏】“山东曰(yue)朝阳(yang)(yang)”。注“旦即见日”。○释曰(yue):谓(wei)山顶(ding)之东皆早朝见日。但是山东之冈脊(ji)总曰(yue)朝阳(yang)(yang)。《诗·大雅·卷阿》曰(yue):“梧桐(tong)生(sheng)矣,于彼朝阳(yang)(yang)。”是也(ye)。
泰(tai)山(shan)为(wei)东岳(yue),华山(shan)为(wei)西岳(yue),霍山(shan)为(wei)南岳(yue),(即天柱山(shan)。潜水所出(chu)。)恒山(shan)为(wei)北(bei)岳(yue),(常山(shan)。)嵩(song)高为(wei)中(zhong)岳(yue)。(大室山(shan)也。)
【疏】“泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”至“中(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)”。○释(shi)曰:案(an)《周(zhou)礼·大(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“以(yi)血祭祭社稷五(wu)祀(si)五(wu)岳(yue)(yue)。”故(gu)此(ci)释(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《白虎通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“岳(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)何为(wei)(wei)(wei)?岳(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)扌角(jiao),扌角(jiao)功德(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)岱者(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)皆(jie)(jie)相代(dai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)(huo)(huo),霍(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)护也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)太(tai)阳(yang)用事护养万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)华,华之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)获也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)成熟可得获也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。北方(fang)(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恒(heng),恒(heng)者(zhe)(zhe),常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)伏藏於(wu)(wu)(wu)北方(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)央(yang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)嵩(song)(song),嵩(song)(song)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)高(gao)大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《风(feng)俗通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“岳(yue)(yue),扌角(jiao)考功德(de)黜陟(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”然则以(yi)四(si)方(fang)(fang),方(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),天子巡守至其(qi)(qi)(qi)下,扌角(jiao)考诸(zhu)侯功德(de)而黜陟(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岳(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《诗》传言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四(si)岳(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),东(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue)岱,南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。此(ci)及诸(zhu)经(jing)传多云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)东(dong)(dong)(dong)岳(yue)(yue),霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)(you)二名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《风(feng)俗通》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊。一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰岱宗(zong)(zong)。岱,始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);宗(zong)(zong),长(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi),阴阳(yang)交(jiao)代(dai),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)岳(yue)(yue)长(zhang)。王者(zhe)(zhe)受命恒(heng)封禅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)然大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。华,变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)成变由於(wu)(wu)(wu)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。恒(heng),常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),万(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)伏北方(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。崧,高(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)高(gao)大(da)(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)解(jie)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与霍(huo)(huo)(huo),泰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与岱,皆(jie)(jie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而有(you)(you)(you)二名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若此(ci),上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“江南(nan)(nan)(nan)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)”,《地理志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)长(zhang)沙湘(xiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)县。”张揖(yi)《广(guang)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天柱(zhu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”《地理志》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“天柱(zhu)在(zai)庐江潜县。”则在(zai)江北矣。而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)二名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),本(ben)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。汉(han)(han)武帝(di)移岳(yue)(yue)神於(wu)(wu)(wu)天柱(zhu),又(you)名(ming)(ming)天柱(zhu)亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)霍(huo)(huo)(huo),故(gu)汉(han)(han)以(yi)来(lai)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)、霍(huo)(huo)(huo)别耳。郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)今在(zai)庐江潜县西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan),别名(ming)(ming)天柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”汉(han)(han)武帝(di)以(yi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辽旷,移其(qi)(qi)(qi)神於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci),今其(qi)(qi)(qi)土俗人皆(jie)(jie)呼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)本(ben)自以(yi)两(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming),非从(cong)近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而学者(zhe)(zhe)多以(yi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不得为(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue),又(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)从(cong)汉(han)(han)武帝(di)始(shi)乃名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),为(wei)(wei)(wei)武帝(di)在(zai)《尔雅(ya)》前乎?斯不然矣。窃(qie)以(yi)璞(pu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)然。何则?孙炎以(yi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)误(wu),当作衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。案(an)《书(shu)传·虞夏传》及《白虎通》、《风(feng)俗通》、《广(guang)雅(ya)》并云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)。”岂诸(zhu)文(wen)皆(jie)(jie)误(wu)?明(ming)是(shi)(shi)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注“即天柱(zhu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。潜水所出”。○释(shi)曰:此(ci)据作注时霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),此(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)本(ben)名(ming)(ming)天柱(zhu)。汉(han)(han)武帝(di)移江南(nan)(nan)(nan)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀(si)於(wu)(wu)(wu)此(ci),故(gu)又(you)名(ming)(ming)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霍(huo)(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),即江南(nan)(nan)(nan)衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)上注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“衡(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南(nan)(nan)(nan)岳(yue)(yue)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○释(shi)曰:“大(da)(da)室山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”案(an)《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“半石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)五(wu)十(shi)里(li)曰少(shao)室山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)东(dong)(dong)(dong)三十(shi)里(li)曰泰室山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”郭(guo)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“即中(zhong)岳(yue)(yue)嵩(song)(song)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),今在(zai)阳(yang)城县西(xi)(xi)。”戴延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《西(xi)(xi)征记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),东(dong)(dong)(dong)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)室,西(xi)(xi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)室,相去十(shi)七(qi)里(li)。嵩(song)(song),其(qi)(qi)(qi)总名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)室焉,故(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室。”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
梁山,晋望(wang)也。(晋国所望(wang)祭者,今在冯翊夏阳县西北临河上。)
【疏】“梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)望(wang)也(ye)(ye)”。注“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)”至(zhi)“河上”。○释曰:言梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)境(jing)内,晋(jin)(jin)(jin)以(yi)岁时望(wang)祭(ji)之(zhi),故云晋(jin)(jin)(jin)望(wang)也(ye)(ye)。云“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)所望(wang)祭(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《春秋(qiu)》僖三(san)(san)(san)十一年(nian)经云:“夏四月(yue),四卜郊,不(bu)从,乃免牲。犹三(san)(san)(san)望(wang)。”《公(gong)羊传》云:“三(san)(san)(san)望(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)何?望(wang)祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)。”郑君以(yi)为望(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),祭(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)之(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)祭(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)地(di)者(zhe)(zhe),非其(qi)(qi)地(di)则(ze)不(bu)祭(ji)。贾(jia)逵、服(fu)虔、杜预皆以(yi)为三(san)(san)(san)望(wang)分野之(zhi)星(xing)、国(guo)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。《楚语(yu)》云:“天子遍(bian)祀(si)(si)群神品物,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)二王後祀(si)(si)天地(di)、三(san)(san)(san)辰及其(qi)(qi)土地(di)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)。”注《国(guo)语(yu)》者(zhe)(zhe)皆云:诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)二王後祀(si)(si)天地(di)。三(san)(san)(san)辰,日、月(yue)、星(xing)也(ye)(ye)。非二王後祀(si)(si)分野星(xing)辰、山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)此言之(zhi),则(ze)分野之(zhi)星(xing)国(guo)内山(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)其(qi)(qi)义是也(ye)(ye)。今案(an),昭(zhao)元年(nian)《左传》云:“辰为商星(xing)。”“参为晋(jin)(jin)(jin)星(xing)。”又(you)《礼记(ji)·礼器》云:“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)将有事於河,必(bi)先有事於呼池。”及此云“梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan),晋(jin)(jin)(jin)望(wang)也(ye)(ye)”。然则(ze)晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)三(san)(san)(san)望(wang)谓参也(ye)(ye),梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye),河也(ye)(ye),故云“晋(jin)(jin)(jin)国(guo)所望(wang)祭(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)”。云“今在(zai)(zai)冯翊夏阳县西北”者(zhe)(zhe),《地(di)理志》文(wen)也(ye)(ye)。知“临河上”者(zhe)(zhe),成五年(nian)《公(gong)羊传》曰:“梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)何?河上之(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)。”故知临河上。
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