《尔雅注疏(shu)》卷(juan)七·释地第九
【疏】“释地第九”。○释曰：案《说文》云：“元气初分，轻清阳为天，重浊阴为地，万物所陈列也。”《白虎通》云：“地者，易也。言养万物、怀任、佼易、变化，含吐应节也。”《释名》云：“地，底也。其体在底下，载万物也。”《礼统》云：“地，施也，谛也。应变施化，审谛不误也。”此篇释地之所载四方、中国州、府、陵、薮之异，故曰“释地”。
两河(he)(he)间曰(yue)(yue)冀(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)东(dong)河(he)(he)至(zhi)西(xi)河(he)(he)。）河(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)至(zhi)汉。）河(he)(he)西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)西(xi)河(he)(he)至(zhi)黑水(shui)。○，於用反。）汉南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)荆州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)汉南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)衡山之(zhi)阳。）江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)杨州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)海。）济、河(he)(he)间曰(yue)(yue)衮州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)河(he)(he)东(dong)至(zhi)济。）济东(dong)曰(yue)(yue)徐州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)济东(dong)至(zhi)海。○济，子礼切(qie)。）燕曰(yue)(yue)幽州(zhou)(zhou)，（自(zi)易水(shui)至(zhi)北狄。）齐曰(yue)(yue)营州(zhou)(zhou)。（自(zi)岱(dai)东(dong)至(zhi)海，此盖(gai)殷制(zhi)。）九州(zhou)(zhou)。
【疏】“两(liang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)释(shi)(shi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)界(jie)(jie)域也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“两(liang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)间曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼·职方(fang)氏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)内(nei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)说(shuo)境(jing)界(jie)(jie)。孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：此(ci)(ci)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)帝都，不(bu)(bu)(bu)说(shuo)境(jing)界(jie)(jie)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)馀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)所至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即可(ke)知(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》“衮(gun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)济(ji)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；“豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；“雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)，是(shi)(shi)冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)，皆(jie)据(ju)(ju)帝都冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)而(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案，《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》导(dao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)积石、龙(long)门(men)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)华阴(yin)，折而(er)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，经(jing)底柱、孟津(jin)、过洛，皆(jie)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)流(liu)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大亻丕，折而(er)北(bei)流(liu)过降水(shui)，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)大陆，又(you)北(bei)播为(wei)九(jiu)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，同(tong)为(wei)逆河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，入(ru)于(yu)(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。此(ci)(ci)惟(wei)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)两(liang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)，从可(ke)知(zhi)。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“两(liang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)间其(qi)(qi)气(qi)清，厥(jue)性(xing)相(xiang)近，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冀。冀，近也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)汉”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《职方(fang)》与(yu)此(ci)(ci)同(tong)。《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)惟(wei)豫(yu)(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，北(bei)距河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，汉水(shui)所经(jing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，其(qi)(qi)实(shi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)其(qi)(qi)气(qi)著密，厥(jue)性(xing)安(an)(an)舒。故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)豫(yu)(yu)。豫(yu)(yu)，舒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)水(shui)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“正(zheng)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“黑(hei)水(shui)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)惟(wei)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)距黑(hei)水(shui)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)据(ju)(ju)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。”案，郦元《水(shui)经(jing)》黑(hei)水(shui)出(chu)张掖鸡山(shan)(shan)(shan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敦煌(huang)，过三危山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)流(liu)入(ru)於南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)。然则(ze)(ze)雍(yong)(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)据(ju)(ju)龙(long)门(men)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)距此(ci)(ci)黑(hei)水(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)其(qi)(qi)气(qi)蔽(bi)壅，厥(jue)性(xing)急凶(xiong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)雍(yong)(yong)。雍(yong)(yong)，壅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”兼得梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位，阳(yang)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)，阴(yin)壅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“汉南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)汉南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衡山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“正(zheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》：“荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)衡阳(yang)惟(wei)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北(bei)据(ju)(ju)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)衡山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳(yang)。”言(yan)北(bei)据(ju)(ju)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，则(ze)(ze)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)汉水(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“汉南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)其(qi)(qi)气(qi)燥，刚禀性(xing)︹梁，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，︹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释(shi)(shi)名》以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，警也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)蛮数为(wei)寇逆，常警备也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)杨(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)杨(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》：“淮(huai)(huai)(huai)、海(hai)(hai)惟(wei)杨(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北(bei)据(ju)(ju)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)距海(hai)(hai)。”然则(ze)(ze)杨(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)，跨(kua)江(jiang)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)者(zhe)，举远大而(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“江(jiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)其(qi)(qi)气(qi)躁劲，厥(jue)性(xing)轻(qing)杨(yang)。”《太(tai)康(kang)地(di)(di)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)杨(yang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)渐(jian)太(tai)阳(yang)位，天气(qi)奋扬(yang)，履正(zheng)含文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)名焉(yan)。”○“济(ji)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)间曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衮(gun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)济(ji)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衮(gun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》：“济(ji)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)惟(wei)衮(gun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)安(an)(an)国(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)据(ju)(ju)济(ji)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)距河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)。”孔(kong)(kong)《传(chuan)》凡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“据(ju)(ju)”者(zhe)，谓(wei)跨(kua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。距，至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。济(ji)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间相(xiang)去路近，衮(gun)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)，跨(kua)济(ji)而(er)过，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)越济(ji)水(shui)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“济(ji)、河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)间其(qi)(qi)气(qi)专质(zhi)，厥(jue)性(xing)信谦，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衮(gun)。衮(gun)，信也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《释(shi)(shi)名》以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)取(qu)(qu)(qu)衮(gun)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。○“济(ji)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)济(ji)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》：“海(hai)(hai)岱(dai)、及(ji)(ji)(ji)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)惟(wei)徐州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)《传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)，北(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岱(dai)，南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)。”此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)济(ji)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)济(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“淮(huai)(huai)(huai)、海(hai)(hai)间其(qi)(qi)气(qi)宽(kuan)舒，禀性(xing)安(an)(an)徐，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)徐。徐，舒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)合其(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)於青(qing)(qing)(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。○“燕曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)幽(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)易(yi)水(shui)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)狄”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)幽(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“燕其(qi)(qi)气(qi)深要，厥(jue)性(xing)剽疾，故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)幽(you)(you)。幽(you)(you)，要也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》其(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)合於冀州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。《地(di)(di)理志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“涿郡(jun)故(gu)(gu)(gu)安(an)(an)县阎乡(xiang)，易(yi)水(shui)所出(chu)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范阳(yang)入(ru)濡也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”从此(ci)(ci)易(yi)水(shui)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於北(bei)狄幽(you)(you)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境(jing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“齐(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)营(ying)(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。注(zhu)“自(zi)(zi)(zi)岱(dai)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)(hai)，此(ci)(ci)盖殷(yin)制”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》“正(zheng)东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)青(qing)(qing)(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”。《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》：“海(hai)(hai)、岱(dai)惟(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”孔(kong)(kong)《传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)据(ju)(ju)海(hai)(hai)，西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)距岱(dai)。”然则(ze)(ze)此(ci)(ci)营(ying)(ying)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)则(ze)(ze)青(qing)(qing)(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《博物志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“营(ying)(ying)与(yu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)同(tong)海(hai)(hai)，东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)(qing)丘，齐(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)营(ying)(ying)丘，岂是(shi)(shi)名乎？”《太(tai)康(kang)地(di)(di)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)少阳(yang)，其(qi)(qi)色青(qing)(qing)(qing)，其(qi)(qi)气(qi)清，岁(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)为(wei)名焉(yan)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)盖殷(yin)制”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)文(wen)上与(yu)《禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)(gong)(gong)》不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，下与(yu)《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》又(you)异，禹(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)别九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)有(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)(qing)、徐、梁，而(er)无(wu)幽(you)(you)、并(bing)、营(ying)(ying)，是(shi)(shi)夏制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼》，周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公所作，有(you)(you)青(qing)(qing)(qing)、幽(you)(you)、并(bing)，而(er)无(wu)徐、梁、营(ying)(ying)，是(shi)(shi)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)有(you)(you)徐、幽(you)(you)、营(ying)(ying)，而(er)无(wu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)、梁、并(bing)，疑是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)制也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)正(zheng)文(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)盖也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)上释(shi)(shi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故(gu)(gu)(gu)题云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
鲁有大(da)野。（今高平(ping)钜(ju)野县(xian)东(dong)北大(da)泽是也(ye)。）
【疏】“鲁有(you)(you)大(da)(da)野(ye)”。○释(shi)曰：此下(xia)至“周有(you)(you)焦护”，释(shi)十(shi)薮之名也。《禹贡》徐(xu)州云(yun)：“大(da)(da)野(ye)既猪。”《地(di)理志》云(yun)：大(da)(da)野(ye)泽在(zai)山阳(yang)钜野(ye)县北。钜，即大(da)(da)也。由其(qi)旁(pang)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)泽，故县以(yi)钜野(ye)为名。哀十(shi)四(si)年《左传》云(yun)：“西狩於大(da)(da)野(ye)。”以(yi)其(qi)泽在(zai)曲(qu)阜(fu)西，故云(yun)“西狩”也。郭云(yun)：“今(jin)高(gao)平钜野(ye)县”者，东晋(jin)时，钜野(ye)属(shu)高(gao)平郡，故与《志》不同。凡(fan)注言“今(jin)”者，皆谓(wei)东晋(jin)时也。
晋(jin)有(you)大陆。（今钜鹿北广河泽是(shi)也。）
【疏】“晋有大(da)陆(lu)”。注“今(jin)钜鹿北广(guang)河泽是(shi)也(ye)”。○释(shi)曰：孙炎曰：“广(guang)河犹大(da)陆(lu)。以(yi)地(di)名(ming)言之，近(jin)为是(shi)也(ye)。”《禹贡》冀州云“大(da)陆(lu)既作”是(shi)也(ye)。案，定(ding)元年《左传》晋魏(wei)献子“田(tian)於大(da)陆(lu)，焚焉，还，卒於甯”。杜(du)预注：“嫌钜鹿绝远，疑此(ci)田(tian)在汲郡吴(wu)泽。”甯，今(jin)武(wu)县，近(jin)吴(wu)泽。计(ji)此(ci)二泽相(xiang)去甚(shen)远，亦得言大(da)陆(lu)者，以(yi)其广(guang)平曰陆(lu)。但(dan)广(guang)而平者则名(ming)大(da)陆(lu)，故异所而同(tong)名(ming)也(ye)。泽虽卑下，旁带广(guang)平之地(di)，故统名(ming)焉。
秦有杨夸(kua)(kua)。（今(jin)在扶风县(xian)西。○夸(kua)(kua)，於于反。）
【疏】“秦(qin)有杨夸”。注(zhu)“今在(zai)扶风(feng)县(xian)西”。○释曰(yue)(yue)：《周礼》冀州(zhou)云(yun)：“其泽(ze)薮(sou)曰(yue)(yue)阳夸。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)：“所在(zai)未闻。”又(you)雍(yong)州(zhou)云(yun)：“其泽(ze)薮(sou)曰(yue)(yue)弦(xian)蒲(pu)(pu)。”郑(zheng)注(zhu)云(yun)：“在(zai)。”案(an)《地(di)理志》吴山在(zai)西，古(gu)文以为(wei)山。北(bei)有蒲(pu)(pu)谷乡弦(xian)中谷，雍(yong)州(zhou)薮(sou)。今注(zhu)亦(yi)云(yun)“在(zai)”。然(ran)则《周礼》弦(xian)蒲(pu)(pu)即此杨夸也。
宋(song)有孟诸。（今在梁(liang)国雎(ju)阳县东北。）
【疏】“宋有孟诸(zhu)”。注“今在(zai)梁国雎(ju)阳县东北”。○释曰：《周礼》青(qing)州(zhou)(zhou)，“其泽(ze)薮曰望(wang)诸(zhu)”。郑注云：“望(wang)诸(zhu)，明(ming)都也(ye)。在(zai)雎(ju)阳。”《禹(yu)贡》豫州(zhou)(zhou)云：“导荷(he)泽(ze)，被孟猪(zhu)。”《左传》亦作“孟诸(zhu)”。文不同者，声转字异，正是一地也(ye)。
楚有云梦。（今南(nan)郡(jun)华容县东(dong)南(nan)巴丘湖是也。）
【疏】“楚有云(yun)梦”。注“今(jin)南”至“湖是也(ye)”。○释曰(yue)：《周礼》荆州云(yun)：“其(qi)泽薮曰(yue)云(yun)。”郑(zheng)注云(yun)：“云(yun)在(zai)华(hua)容。”《禹贡》云(yun)：“云(yun)土(tu)、梦作(zuo)。”昭三年(nian)《左(zuo)传》楚子(zi)与郑(zheng)伯(bo)田(tian)于“江南之(zhi)梦”。又定四(si)年(nian)“楚子(zi)涉雎，济江，入于云(yun)中”。杜预(yu)云(yun)：“南郡(jun)(jun)枝江县西有云(yun)梦城，江夏安(an)陆(lu)县东(dong)南亦有梦城，或曰(yue)南郡(jun)(jun)华(hua)容县东(dong)南有巴丘湖，江南之(zhi)梦也(ye)。”云(yun)梦一泽而每处(chu)有名者(zhe)，司马相如《子(zi)虚赋(fu)》云(yun)：“云(yun)梦者(zhe)，方九百(bai)里(li)。”则(ze)此泽跨(kua)江南北，亦得单(dan)称云(yun)，单(dan)称梦。即梦也(ye)。
吴(wu)越之间有具(ju)区(qu)。（今吴(wu)县南太湖，即震泽是(shi)也。）
【疏】“吴越之(zhi)间(jian)”。注(zhu)“今吴”至(zhi)“泽(ze)(ze)(ze)是也”。○释曰：《周礼》杨州(zhou)云：“其(qi)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)薮曰具(ju)区(qu)。”郑注(zhu)云：“在(zai)吴南(nan)。”《地(di)理志》云：“会稽吴县，故周泰伯(bo)所封国也。”具(ju)区(qu)在(zai)西，古文以为震(zhen)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)。《禹贡(gong)》杨州(zhou)云：“三江既(ji)入(ru)，震(zhen)泽(ze)(ze)(ze)底(di)定”是也。
齐(qi)有海隅。（海滨广斥。）
【疏】“齐有海(hai)隅”。注“海(hai)滨(bin)广斥”。○释曰：此营州(zhou)薮(sou)也。云(yun)“海(hai)滨(bin)广斥”，《禹贡》文也。孔《传(chuan)》云(yun)：“滨(bin)，涯也。”言复其斥卤(lu)(lu)。”案(an)《说文》云(yun)：“卤(lu)(lu)，咸地也。”“东方(fang)谓之斥，西方(fang)谓之卤(lu)(lu)。”海(hai)畔迥阔(kuo)地皆斥卤(lu)(lu)，故云(yun)广斥也。
燕(yan)有昭余祁。（今太原(yuan)邬(wu)陵(ling)县(xian)北九泽是(shi)也(ye)。）
【疏】“燕有昭(zhao)余(yu)祁”。注(zhu)“今太”至“泽(ze)(ze)是也”。○释曰(yue)(yue)：《周礼》并(bing)州(zhou)“其(qi)泽(ze)(ze)薮曰(yue)(yue)昭(zhao)馀祁”。郑注(zhu)云(yun)：“在邬。”《地理志》云(yun)：“邬，九泽(ze)(ze)在北，是为昭(zhao)余(yu)祁，并(bing)州(zhou)薮。”是也。
郑(zheng)有圃田。（今荧(ying)阳中牟(mou)县(xian)西圃田泽是也。）
【疏】“郑有圃(pu)田”。注(zhu)“今荧阳”至(zhi)“田泽是也”。○释曰：《周(zhou)礼》豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)云(yun)：“其(qi)泽薮曰圃(pu)田。”郑注(zhu)云(yun)：“在(zai)中(zhong)牟。”《地理志》云(yun)：“中(zhong)牟，圃(pu)田泽在(zai)西，豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)薮。”僖三十三年《左传》云(yun)：“郑之(zhi)有原圃(pu)，犹秦之(zhi)有具(ju)囿也。”又《诗(shi)·车攻》云(yun)：“东有甫(fu)草。”郑玄以(yi)为“甫(fu)田之(zhi)草”，皆谓此也。
周有(you)焦护。（今扶风池阳(yang)县瓠中是也。）
【疏】“周(zhou)有焦(jiao)(jiao)护”。注“今扶风”至“中是也(ye)(ye)”。○释曰：孙炎(yan)云：“周(zhou)，岐周(zhou)也(ye)(ye)。”《诗·六月》云：“犭严狁匪茹，整居焦(jiao)(jiao)。”是也(ye)(ye)。时人(ren)谓(wei)之瓠中也(ye)(ye)。
十薮。
【疏】“十薮(sou)”。○释曰：此题上(shang)事也。《说(shuo)文》云：“大泽也。”《风(feng)俗通(tong)》云：“薮(sou)，厚也。有草木鱼鳖所以厚养人也。”
东陵，【A051】。南陵，息慎。西陵，威夷。中陵，朱滕。北陵，西俞，雁门是也。（即雁门山也。○【A051】，音信。）
【疏】“东陵”至“是也(ye)”。○释曰：此五方之陵名也(ye)。其义(yi)及所在(zai)未详。云“雁门是也(ye)”者(zhe)，此指解(jie)北(bei)陵也(ye)，即雁门山是也(ye)。
陵莫(mo)大(da)於加陵，（今所(suo)在未闻。）
【疏】“陵(ling)莫大於加陵(ling)”。○释(shi)曰：莫，无也(ye)。陵(ling)，大阜也(ye)。言“陵(ling)无大於加陵(ling)”者，谓加陵(ling)最大也(ye)。今所在未闻(wen)。
梁(liang)莫大於(wu)氵(shui)(shui)梁(liang)，（氵(shui)(shui)，水名。梁(liang)，是也。○氵(shui)(shui)，古(gu)壁切。）
【疏】“梁莫大(da)於氵(shui)(shui)梁”。注“氵(shui)(shui)，水名。梁，是(shi)也”。释(shi)曰：《释(shi)宫》云：“是(shi)谓之(zhi)梁。”《诗》传(chuan)云：“石绝(jue)(jue)水曰梁。”然则以土石为(wei)是(shi)障绝(jue)(jue)水者名梁。虽(sui)所(suo)在皆有，而无大(da)於氵(shui)(shui)水之(zhi)旁者。杜预云：“氵(shui)(shui)水出(chu)河内(nei)轵县东，南至温入河。”《春(chun)秋》襄十(shi)六(liu)年公会晋侯以下(xia)于氵(shui)(shui)梁是(shi)也。
坟莫大於河坟。
【疏】“坟(fen)莫大於河(he)坟(fen)”。○释曰(yue)：坟(fen)，大防。亦(yi)谓是。虽(sui)水所皆有，而河(he)坟(fen)最大也。
八陵。
【疏】“八陵(ling)”。○释(shi)曰：此亦题上事也(ye)(ye)。大(da)阜曰陵(ling)。氵(shui)梁、河坟虽非大(da)阜，以其绝大(da)若陵(ling)，故通谓(wei)之八陵(ling)也(ye)(ye)。
东(dong)(dong)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有医无(wu)闾(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)于琪(qi)(qi)焉(yan)。（医无(wu)闾(lv)，山(shan)(shan)名(ming)。今(jin)在辽东(dong)(dong)。于琪(qi)(qi)，玉(yu)属(shu)。○，笋(sun)。于，于。）东(dong)(dong)南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有会(hui)稽之(zhi)(zhi)竹(zhu)箭(jian)焉(yan)。（会(hui)稽，山(shan)(shan)名(ming)。今(jin)在山(shan)(shan)阴县南(nan)。竹(zhu)箭(jian)，筱也(ye)。○会(hui)，古外(wai)反。稽，古兮反。）南(nan)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有梁山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)犀象焉(yan)。（犀牛皮(pi)(pi)角、象牙(ya)骨。）西(xi)南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有华(hua)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)金石(shi)焉(yan)。（黄(huang)金、需石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。）西(xi)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)多珠玉(yu)焉(yan)。（霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)，今(jin)在平阳永安县东(dong)(dong)北(bei)。珠，如今(jin)杂珠而精好。）西(xi)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有昆(kun)仑虚(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)ギ琳琅(lang)焉(yan)。（ギ琳，美(mei)(mei)(mei)玉(yu)名(ming)。琅(lang)，状似(si)珠也(ye)。《山(shan)(shan)海经(jing)》曰：昆(kun)仑山(shan)(shan)有琅(lang)树。○仑，路(lu)昆(kun)切。虚(xu)，音(yin)(yin)墟。）北(bei)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有幽都之(zhi)(zhi)筋(jin)角焉(yan)。（幽都，山(shan)(shan)名(ming)。谓(wei)多野牛筋(jin)角。）东(dong)(dong)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有斥山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)文皮(pi)(pi)焉(yan)。（虎豹之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)，皮(pi)(pi)有缛采者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。○斥，音(yin)(yin)尺(chi)。）中有岱(dai)岳，与(yu)其五鱼(yu)盐生焉(yan)。（言(yan)泰山(shan)(shan)有鱼(yu)盐之(zhi)(zhi)饶。）九府(fu)。
【疏】“东方(fang)”至(zhi)“生焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：此释(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)方(fang)、中(zhong)(zhong)国名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)所(suo)产(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“医无”至(zhi)“玉(yu)(yu)属(shu)(shu)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：案《地(di)理志》辽东郡(jun)无虑县(xian)(xian)(xian)，应劭曰(yue)：“虑，音闾。”颜师古(gu)曰(yue)：“即(ji)所(suo)谓(wei)医巫闾。”是县(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)为(wei)名(ming)，故(gu)(gu)为(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)，今(jin)(jin)在(zai)辽东。《周(zhou)礼》幽州镇也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“于琪，玉(yu)(yu)属(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)，《说(shuo)文(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“，《周(zhou)书》所(suo)谓(wei)‘夷玉(yu)(yu)’也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”“于，石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似玉(yu)(yu)者(zhe)。”琪，玉(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆玉(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“玉(yu)(yu)属(shu)(shu)”。○注(zhu)(zhu)“会稽(ji)(ji)”至(zhi)“县(xian)(xian)(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：《周(zhou)礼》杨州云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇曰(yue)会稽(ji)(ji)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阴。”《地(di)理志》会稽(ji)(ji)郡(jun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阴县(xian)(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会稽(ji)(ji)在(zai)南(nan)，上(shang)有(you)禹(yu)(yu)冢(zhong)、禹(yu)(yu)井”，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)，今(jin)(jin)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阴县(xian)(xian)(xian)南(nan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竹箭(jian)(jian)(jian)，筱也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，《禹(yu)(yu)贡》杨州云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“筱既敷。”《释(shi)(shi)(shi)草》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“筱，竹箭(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“别二(er)(er)名(ming)。”则(ze)竹箭(jian)(jian)(jian)一名(ming)筱，是竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小者(zhe)，可以为(wei)箭(jian)(jian)(jian)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“南(nan)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)者(zhe)，有(you)梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犀象焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：郭(guo)(guo)氏不(bu)注(zhu)(zhu)梁(liang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)所(suo)在(zai)，犀、象，二(er)(er)兽；皮(pi)角(jiao)(jiao)、牙骨，材之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“黄金(jin)(jin)(jin)需(xu)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：经惟言(yan)(yan)(yan)金(jin)(jin)(jin)，知黄金(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe)，以三品之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)黄金(jin)(jin)(jin)为(wei)上(shang)，此言(yan)(yan)(yan)美(mei)者(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)知黄金(jin)(jin)(jin)。需(xu)石，石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)玉(yu)(yu)者(zhe)。《玉(yu)(yu)藻(zao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“士(shi)佩需(xu)玟(min)而组绶”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)类(lei)非一，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)”。○注(zhu)(zhu)“霍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”至(zhi)“精好”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：《周(zhou)礼》冀州：“其(qi)(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)镇曰(yue)霍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“在(zai)彘。”案《地(di)理志》河南(nan)郡(jun)彘县(xian)(xian)(xian)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“霍大山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)东冀州山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，周(zhou)厉王所(suo)奔(ben)。”应劭曰(yue)：“顺(shun)帝(di)改(gai)曰(yue)永安。”然则(ze)东晋时属(shu)(shu)平阳郡(jun)，而县(xian)(xian)(xian)名(ming)永安，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今(jin)(jin)在(zai)平阳永安县(xian)(xian)(xian)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“珠，如今(jin)(jin)杂珠而精好”者(zhe)，郭(guo)(guo)氏时验为(wei)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“ギ琳(lin)”至(zhi)“树”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：ギ与球(qiu)同。《说(shuo)文(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“ギ，玉(yu)(yu)磬(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”琳(lin)，美(mei)玉(yu)(yu)名(ming)。《书》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“戛(jia)击鸣球(qiu)。”美(mei)玉(yu)(yu)可以为(wei)磬(qing)，故(gu)(gu)皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“美(mei)玉(yu)(yu)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)经》曰(yue)”者(zhe)，案《海(hai)内西经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下都，昆仑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚，方(fang)八(ba)百(bai)里，高万仞。”其(qi)(qi)上(shang)有(you)三头人、琅(lang)树。注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“琅(lang)子(zi)似珠”，是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“幽都”至(zhi)“筋角(jiao)(jiao)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海(hai)经》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)北海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)曰(yue)“幽都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“东北”至(zhi)“皮(pi)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：斥(chi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。文(wen)皮(pi)，虎豹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)。其(qi)(qi)皮(pi)毛有(you)文(wen)采、细缛，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)皮(pi)焉(yan)(yan)(yan)。○“中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)”至(zhi)“生焉(yan)(yan)(yan)”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：岱(dai)岳，泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此言(yan)(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)国也(ye)(ye)(ye)。五：黍、稷、麻、麦、豆也(ye)(ye)(ye)。泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)东近海(hai)。《禹(yu)(yu)贡》“海(hai)岱(dai)惟青州”，“厥贡盐，海(hai)物惟错(cuo)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)饶多，非一种。故(gu)(gu)注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“言(yan)(yan)(yan)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)鱼盐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饶”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“九府”。○释(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：此亦(yi)题上(shang)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。府，聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)，财物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)此八(ba)方(fang)及中(zhong)(zhong)，皆美(mei)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)聚，故(gu)(gu)题云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九府”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
东方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)比目鱼焉(yan)，不比不行，其(qi)名(ming)谓之鲽。（状似牛脾(pi)，鳞细(xi)，紫(zi)黑色。一(yi)(yi)(yi)眼(yan)，两片相(xiang)合乃得行。今水中所在有(you)(you)(you)之。江(jiang)东又呼为王馀鱼。○鲽，音(yin)蝶。）南(nan)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)比翼鸟焉(yan)，不比不飞，其(qi)名(ming)谓之鹣鹣。（似凫，青赤色。一(yi)(yi)(yi)目一(yi)(yi)(yi)翼，相(xiang)得乃飞。）西(xi)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)比肩(jian)兽焉(yan)，与邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)巨虚(xu)比，为邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)巨虚(xu)甘(gan)草，即有(you)(you)(you)难，邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)巨虚(xu)负(fu)而(er)走(zou)，其(qi)名(ming)谓之{厥足(zu)}。（《吕氏春(chun)秋》曰(yue)：“北(bei)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)兽，其(qi)名(ming)为{厥足(zu)}。鼠(shu)前(qian)而(er)兔(tu)後，趋则(ze)顿(dun)，走(zou)则(ze)颠。”然则(ze)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)巨虚(xu)亦宜鼠(shu)後而(er)兔(tu)前(qian)，前(qian)高不得取甘(gan)草，故须{厥足(zu)}食之。今雁门广武(wu)县(xian)夏(xia)屋山(shan)中有(you)(you)(you)兽，形如兔(tu)而(er)大，相(xiang)负(fu)共行，土俗名(ming)之为{厥足(zu)}鼠(shu)，音(yin)厥。○邛(qiong)(qiong)(qiong)，巨凶。巨，巨。，五(wu)结(jie)。难，乃旦(dan)反(fan)。）北(bei)方(fang)有(you)(you)(you)比肩(jian)民(min)焉(yan)，迭食而(er)迭望。（此即半体之人，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)目、一(yi)(yi)(yi)鼻(bi)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)孔、一(yi)(yi)(yi)臂、一(yi)(yi)(yi)脚，亦犹鱼鸟之相(xiang)合，更(geng)望备惊(jing)急。○迭，徙(xi)结(jie)切。）中有(you)(you)(you)枳首蛇焉(yan)。（岐头蛇也。或曰(yue)：今江(jiang)东呼两头蛇为越王约发，亦名(ming)弩(nu)弦(xian)。○枳，居是(shi)切。）此四(si)方(fang)中国之异气(qi)也。 五(wu)方(fang)。
【疏】“东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)”至(zhi)“气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此释(shi)(shi)五(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)异(yi)气(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)产非常之(zhi)(zhi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)目(mu)鱼(yu)(yu)焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)东(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)水中有(you)(you)(you)(you)鱼(yu)(yu)，其形状(zhuang)似牛(niu)脾，鳞细(xi)，紫黑色(se)，一(yi)眼、两(liang)片(pian)相(xiang)合、两(liang)目(mu)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)乃(nai)得行。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“比(bi)(bi)目(mu)鱼(yu)(yu)”。云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)比(bi)(bi)不(bu)行”者(zhe)(zhe)，比(bi)(bi)，合也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)一(yi)片(pian)不(bu)能行，须两(liang)片(pian)相(xiang)合乃(nai)行。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)比(bi)(bi)不(bu)行”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“其名(ming)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)鲽(die)(die)”者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)鲽(die)(die)为此鱼(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一(yi)名(ming)比(bi)(bi)目(mu)鱼(yu)(yu)，一(yi)名(ming)鲽(die)(die)。郭云(yun)(yun)：“江(jiang)东(dong)又呼为王馀鱼(yu)(yu)。”○注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“似凫”至(zhi)“乃(nai)飞(fei)(fei)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：案《山海经》云(yun)(yun)：崇五(wu)山有(you)(you)(you)(you)鸟(niao)，“状(zhuang)如凫，一(yi)翼一(yi)目(mu)，相(xiang)得乃(nai)飞(fei)(fei)，名(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)蛮蛮”。郭云(yun)(yun)：“比(bi)(bi)翼鸟(niao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，色(se)青赤，不(bu)比(bi)(bi)不(bu)能飞(fei)(fei)。”《尔雅(ya)》作(zuo)“鹣鹣”者(zhe)(zhe)，正谓(wei)(wei)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“西方(fang)(fang)(fang)”至(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi){厥足}”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)“西方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)比(bi)(bi)肩(jian)兽焉(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此谓(wei)(wei){厥足}也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。与邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，{厥足}则(ze)(ze)肩(jian)Φ不(bu)能走(zou)，而(er)(er)(er)能取(qu)甘(gan)草。邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚则(ze)(ze)前高不(bu)得取(qu)甘(gan)草，而(er)(er)(er)善走(zou)。《穆天子传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)“邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚走(zou)百里”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)各以(yi)其能而(er)(er)(er)济所不(bu)能，{厥足}常为邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚甘(gan)美之(zhi)(zhi)草，仰而(er)(er)(er)食之(zhi)(zhi)。即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)急(ji)难(nan)，邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚则(ze)(ze)背负而(er)(er)(er)走(zou)者(zhe)(zhe)，其名(ming)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi){厥足}也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“《吕(lv)氏(shi)》”至(zhi)“音(yin)厥”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)《吕(lv)氏(shi)春(chun)秋》二十六篇(pian)，秦(qin)相(xiang)吕(lv)不(bu)韦辑(ji)智略士作(zuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)北方(fang)(fang)(fang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)兽”至(zhi)“则(ze)(ze)颠”者(zhe)(zhe)，《大慎览(lan)·顺说》篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，引之(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)以(yi)证邛(qiong)邛(qiong)巨(ju)虚之(zhi)(zhi)形也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)以(yi)下郭氏(shi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)“今雁门广武(wu)县”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)，自验(yan)知之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“北方(fang)(fang)(fang)”至(zhi)“迭(die)望”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此即(ji)半体人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。两(liang)半相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)，乃(nai)得为人(ren)动作(zuo)及御非常。以(yi)肩(jian)在上而(er)(er)(er)显，故(gu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)肩(jian)民焉(yan)(yan)。迭(die)，更也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)一(yi)体取(qu)食，则(ze)(ze)一(yi)体瞻望，所以(yi)备惊急(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)“迭(die)食而(er)(er)(er)迭(die)望”。○“中有(you)(you)(you)(you)枳首蛇焉(yan)(yan)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：枳，岐(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此即(ji)两(liang)头蛇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，江(jiang)东(dong)呼越(yue)王约(yue)发，言(yan)是越(yue)王约(yue)发所变也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦名(ming)弩弦(xian)，即(ji)以(yi)形相(xiang)似而(er)(er)(er)名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“五(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)”。○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：亦题上事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)是五(wu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)风气(qi)(qi)殊异(yi)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)此怪物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
邑(yi)外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)，郊(jiao)外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧，牧外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)，野(ye)外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)林，林外(wai)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。（邑(yi)，国都(dou)也(ye)。假令百里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国，五十里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界，界各十里也(ye)。○，古(gu)营切。）下(xia)湿(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰，大野(ye)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)，广平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原，高平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)。大陆(lu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阜(fu)，大阜(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)，大陵(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阿。可(ke)食者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原，（可(ke)种给食。）陂(po)者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阪，（陂(po)陀不平(ping)。）下(xia)者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰。（《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“下(xia)平(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰。”）田(tian)(tian)一岁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，（今江东(dong)呼初(chu)耕地反草为。）二(er)岁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新田(tian)(tian)，（《诗》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“于(yu)彼(bi)新田(tian)(tian)。”）三(san)岁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。（《易(yi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不，。”○，音于(yu)。）野(ye)。
【疏】“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)”至“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)释(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)野(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)不同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)可(ke)放牧(mu)(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书·牧(mu)(mu)(mu)誓》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王朝至于商郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)野(ye)(ye)(ye)，乃誓”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“牧(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)野(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗》传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)野(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)细别(bie)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)牧(mu)(mu)(mu)，牧(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)野(ye)(ye)(ye)；若大(da)(da)(da)判而言(yan)(yan)，则(ze)(ze)野(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)通(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。故《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》六遂在(zai)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)。《遂人》职云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)治野(ye)(ye)(ye)田(tian)(tian)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)总(zong)称野(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)林”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)野(ye)(ye)(ye)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)(ming)(ming)林，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)去都(dou)(dou)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，薪采(cai)(cai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)少，其(qi)地(di)(di)(di)可(ke)长平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)林，因名(ming)(ming)(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“林外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)林外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，最为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)(ye)(ye)，名(ming)(ming)(ming)。《鲁(lu)颂》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“牡马，在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)(ye)(ye)。”毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“，远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)(ye)(ye)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”至“里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》四县(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)(dou)，四井为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。《春秋》庄二(er)十(shi)(shi)八年《左氏传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“凡(fan)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)宗庙先(xian)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)都(dou)(dou)，无曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)。”然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)与都(dou)(dou)异。此(ci)(ci)(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)对文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例耳。但(dan)都(dou)(dou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)聚居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，故《诗·小(xiao)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“彼(bi)都(dou)(dou)人士。”《说文(wen)(wen)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)天子(zi)(zi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)所居国(guo)(guo)(guo)城(cheng)，或谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，或谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)。故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)解邑(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“假令(ling)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)界(jie)，界(jie)各(ge)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)(dou)在(zai)中(zhong)。去境五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，每(mei)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而异其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)边畔(pan)，去国(guo)(guo)(guo)最远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。故毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)“假令(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，牧(mu)(mu)(mu)、野(ye)(ye)(ye)、林、，自郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差耳。然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)，计国(guo)(guo)(guo)境之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广狭以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)差也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《聘礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：宾“及(ji)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”。注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)制(zhi)，天子(zi)(zi)畿内千(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)差之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，上(shang)(shang)公(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，侯(hou)四十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，伯三(san)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，子(zi)(zi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，男十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)各(ge)半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所约也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《司马法(fa)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“王国(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。”又此(ci)(ci)(ci)经从(cong)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)止有(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，明当(dang)每(mei)皆(jie)(jie)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故知远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《书》序云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)既没，命君(jun)陈(chen)分(fen)正(zheng)东郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。”於(wu)时周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)都(dou)(dou)王城(cheng)而谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)东郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)在(zai)其(qi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，於(wu)汉(han)王城(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)河(he)南(nan)，成周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)洛阳(yang)(yang)，相(xiang)(xiang)去不容(rong)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，则(ze)(ze)所言(yan)(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。故郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天子(zi)(zi)近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”今河(he)南(nan)、洛阳(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)去则(ze)(ze)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)南(nan)、洛阳(yang)(yang)约近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)礼(li)(li)》杜子(zi)(zi)春注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。”《白虎通(tong)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“近(jin)(jin)(jin)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)百(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)儒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)(xiang)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)(ran)(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“下(xia)(xia)(xia)湿(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)形Φ下(xia)(xia)(xia)而水(shui)湿(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“下(xia)(xia)(xia)湿(shi)(shi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土地(di)(di)(di)お下(xia)(xia)(xia)常沮洳，名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)野(ye)(ye)(ye)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)野(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽(ze)(ze)一(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，鲁(lu)有(you)大(da)(da)(da)野(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“广平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泽(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)。汉(han)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郡名(ming)(ming)(ming)，属青(qing)州。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆，大(da)(da)(da)陆曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阜，大(da)(da)(da)阜曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)(ling)，大(da)(da)(da)陵(ling)(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阿(a)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，李巡曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土地(di)(di)(di)丰正(zheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陆。土地(di)(di)(di)高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阜，最大(da)(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陵(ling)(ling)，陵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)(ming)阿(a)。”《诗·大(da)(da)(da)雅·皇矣》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“无矢我(wo)陵(ling)(ling)，我(wo)陵(ling)(ling)我(wo)阿(a)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)上(shang)(shang)七者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或莱沛沮洳，或险硗确，虽(sui)(sui)不可(ke)种(zhong)给(ji)食(shi)(shi)，亦(yi)得其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“可(ke)食(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)，陂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阪(ban)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，释(shi)地(di)(di)(di)形虽(sui)(sui)有(you)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)不平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)，皆(jie)(jie)可(ke)种(zhong)给(ji)食(shi)(shi)。高(gao)而可(ke)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)(ming)原(yuan)(yuan)。《诗·大(da)(da)(da)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“笃公(gong)刘，于胥斯原(yuan)(yuan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陂陀不平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)而可(ke)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)(ming)阪(ban)。《诗·小(xiao)雅·正(zheng)月》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“瞻(zhan)彼(bi)阪(ban)田(tian)(tian)，有(you)菀其(qi)特(te)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)而可(ke)食(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)名(ming)(ming)(ming)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)。本作湿(shi)(shi)，误。○注(zhu)(zhu)“《公(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘下(xia)(xia)(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)。’”○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)昭元年传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案，彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“晋荀吴帅师败狄于太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)卤也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)原(yuan)(yuan)？地(di)(di)(di)物(wu)从(cong)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，邑(yi)(yi)(yi)人名(ming)(ming)(ming)从(cong)主人。原(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何？上(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)(yuan)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰(xi)(xi)(xi)。”何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“分(fen)别(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，地(di)(di)(di)势各(ge)有(you)所生，原(yuan)(yuan)宜粟，隰(xi)(xi)(xi)宜麦，当(dang)教民所宜，因以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)贡赋。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田(tian)(tian)一(yi)岁(sui)(sui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，二(er)岁(sui)(sui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)田(tian)(tian)，三(san)岁(sui)(sui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)释(shi)耕田(tian)(tian)年岁(sui)(sui)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)名(ming)(ming)(ming)义不同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，灾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。，和柔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孙炎云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“，始(shi)灾杀其(qi)草(cao)木也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。新(xin)田(tian)(tian)，新(xin)成柔田(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。，和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，田(tian)(tian)舒(shu)缓也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郭(guo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今江(jiang)东呼初耕地(di)(di)(di)反草(cao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。”○注(zhu)(zhu)“《诗》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘于彼(bi)新(xin)田(tian)(tian)。’”○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)《小(xiao)雅·采(cai)(cai)芑(qi)(qi)》篇文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案，彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“薄(bo)言(yan)(yan)采(cai)(cai)芑(qi)(qi)，于彼(bi)新(xin)田(tian)(tian)，于此(ci)(ci)(ci)亩。”毛(mao)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)取此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说，故引(yin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“《易》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘不，。’”○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)《无妄(wang)·六二(er)》爻辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑注(zhu)(zhu)亦(yi)取此(ci)(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)，故引(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○“野(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)题上(shang)(shang)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)(shang)自“邑(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，虽(sui)(sui)远(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)高(gao)下(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)不同(tong)，野(ye)(ye)(ye)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)总(zong)称，故题云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野(ye)(ye)(ye)”。
东至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)泰远(yuan)，西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)国(guo)，南(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)濮铅，北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)祝栗(li)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)极(ji)(ji)(ji)。（皆四(si)方极(ji)(ji)(ji)远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)。○，彬。濮，卜。）觚竹、北(bei)(bei)户、西(xi)王(wang)母、日下，谓之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)荒(huang)(huang)。（觚竹在(zai)北(bei)(bei)，北(bei)(bei)户在(zai)南(nan)，西(xi)王(wang)母在(zai)西(xi)，日下在(zai)东，皆四(si)方昏荒(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，次(ci)四(si)极(ji)(ji)(ji)者。○觚，音孤。）九(jiu)夷、八(ba)狄、七(qi)戎、六(liu)蛮(man)，谓之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)海。（九(jiu)夷在(zai)东，八(ba)狄在(zai)北(bei)(bei)，七(qi)戎在(zai)西(xi)，六(liu)蛮(man)在(zai)南(nan)，次(ci)四(si)荒(huang)(huang)者。）巨齐(qi)(qi)州以南(nan)戴(dai)日为(wei)丹(dan)穴(xue)，（巨，去也。齐(qi)(qi)，中也。）北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)斗极(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)空桐，（戴(dai)，值。）东至(zhi)(zhi)日所出为(wei)大(da)平，西(xi)至(zhi)(zhi)日所入(ru)为(wei)大(da)蒙(meng)。（即蒙(meng)汜也。）大(da)平之(zhi)(zhi)人仁，丹(dan)穴(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)人智，大(da)蒙(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)人信，空桐之(zhi)(zhi)人武。（地气使之(zhi)(zhi)然(ran)也。）四(si)极(ji)(ji)(ji)。
【疏】“东(dong)至”至“人(ren)武”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)释九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外、四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)极(ji)(ji)远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)性禀气不同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。泰(tai)远(yuan)、国(guo)(guo)、濮(pu)铅(qian)、祝(zhu)栗，此(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)极(ji)(ji)远(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“觚竹”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《汉书·地(di)(di)理志》辽西(xi)(xi)令支(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“孤竹城”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)乎？“北(bei)(bei)户(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)日(ri)南(nan)(nan)郡是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颜(yan)师古曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)，所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)北(bei)(bei)户(hu)以(yi)(yi)向(xiang)日(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”“西(xi)(xi)王母”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《山(shan)(shan)海(hai)西(xi)(xi)荒(huang)(huang)经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“西(xi)(xi)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，流沙(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滨，赤水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後，黑水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)，名(ming)(ming)昆仑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丘。”“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)，戴(dai)(dai)胜(sheng)，虎齿(chi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尾，穴(xue)处(chu)(chu)，名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)王母。”又(you)《穆天(tian)(tian)(tian)子传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子宾(bin)于(yu)(yu)西(xi)(xi)王母，乃纪其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)迹(ji)于(yu)(yu)山(shan)(shan)，名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)西(xi)(xi)王母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“日(ri)下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)日(ri)所(suo)(suo)出(chu)处(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《山(shan)(shan)海(hai)东(dong)荒(huang)(huang)经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)言(yan)(yan)，日(ri)月所(suo)(suo)出(chu)。”“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)波谷山(shan)(shan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)合虚(xu)，日(ri)月所(suo)(suo)出(chu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)。”如(ru)此(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)荒(huang)(huang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)声教不及(ji)，无礼义(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)章，是(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)昏(hun)荒(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，在(zai)土四(si)(si)极(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“九夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、八(ba)狄(di)、七戎、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)蛮(man)(man)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)海(hai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，孙炎云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)晦，晦ウ於礼义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”○注(zhu)(zhu)“九夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)”至“荒(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：知在(zai)东(dong)、西(xi)(xi)、南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)(bei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)《曲(qu)礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)东(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、北(bei)(bei)狄(di)、西(xi)(xi)戎、南(nan)(nan)蛮(man)(man)，虽大(da)(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)子”故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)《风俗通(tong)(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：东(dong)方(fang)(fang)人(ren)，好生，万物触(chu)地(di)(di)而出(chu)。夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九，依《东(dong)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)传》夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九种(zhong)：“曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)畎(quan)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、方(fang)(fang)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、黄夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、白夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、赤夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、玄夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、风夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、阳夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”又(you)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)玄菟，二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乐浪(lang)，三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)骊，四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)满饰，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)凫更(geng)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)索家，七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)东(dong)屠(tu)，八(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)倭人(ren)，九曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)鄙”。“蛮(man)(man)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《风俗通(tong)(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：君(jun)臣同川(chuan)而浴，极(ji)(ji)为(wei)简慢。蛮(man)(man)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，慢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)，李(li)巡(xun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian){工}，二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)咳首，三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)僬侥，四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)跛踵(zhong)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)穿，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)儋耳，七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)狗轨，八(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)旁春(chun)。”“戎”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《风俗通(tong)(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：斩伐杀生，不得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。戎者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，李(li)巡(xun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)侥夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)戎夫，三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)老白，四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)耆羌(qiang)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)鼻(bi)息，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)天(tian)(tian)(tian)刚。”“狄(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《风俗通(tong)(tong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：父子嫂叔，同穴(xue)无别。狄(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，辟(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)邪辟(pi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类(lei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)，李(li)巡(xun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)月支(zhi)(zhi)，二曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)秽貊，三(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)匈(xiong)奴(nu)，四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)单(dan)于(yu)(yu)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)白屋。”案(an)(an)，李(li)巡(xun)所(suo)(suo)注(zhu)(zhu)《尔雅》本(ben)，“谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)海(hai)”下更(geng)三(san)句(ju)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“八(ba)蛮(man)(man)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)，六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)戎在(zai)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)(fang)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)狄(di)在(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)”，故(gu)(gu)得此(ci)(ci)解(jie)。孙炎、郭氏诸本(ben)皆无此(ci)(ci)三(san)句(ju)。案(an)(an)《明堂位(wei)》称九夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、八(ba)蛮(man)(man)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)戎、五(wu)(wu)(wu)狄(di)。《周(zhou)礼·职(zhi)方(fang)(fang)氏》掌“四(si)(si)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)八(ba)蛮(man)(man)，七闽九貉，五(wu)(wu)(wu)戎六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)”。郑注(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四(si)(si)、八(ba)、七、九、五(wu)(wu)(wu)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)服国(guo)(guo)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”遍检经(jing)传，四(si)(si)夷(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)参(can)差不同。先儒旧解(jie)，此(ci)(ci)《尔雅》上文(wen)殷制，《明堂位(wei)》及(ji)《职(zhi)方(fang)(fang)》并《尔雅》下文(wen)皆为(wei)周(zhou)制。义(yi)(yi)(yi)或当然。此(ci)(ci)在(zai)四(si)(si)荒(huang)(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，於王者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)世一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)。《周(zhou)礼》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“九州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蕃国(guo)(guo)，世一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“次四(si)(si)荒(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”。○“巨齐(qi)州(zhou)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)戴(dai)(dai)日(ri)为(wei)丹(dan)穴(xue)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：此(ci)(ci)明四(si)(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)别有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)下四(si)(si)种(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。巨，去(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中(zhong)州(zhou)犹言(yan)(yan)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戴(dai)(dai)，值(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)去(qu)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)，北(bei)(bei)户(hu)以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)，值(zhi)日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)(chu)名(ming)(ming)丹(dan)穴(xue)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)老说(shuo)凤云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“濯羽弱(ruo)水，莫(mo)宿丹(dan)穴(xue)。”又(you)《山(shan)(shan)海(hai)经(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：祷过山(shan)(shan)“东(dong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)百里(li)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)丹(dan)穴(xue)山(shan)(shan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)乎？云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)(dai)斗极(ji)(ji)为(wei)空桐(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，斗，北(bei)(bei)斗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。极(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，中(zhong)宫(gong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)极(ji)(ji)星。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，泰(tai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常居也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)居天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)极(ji)(ji)。极(ji)(ji)，中(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。北(bei)(bei)斗拱极(ji)(ji)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)斗极(ji)(ji)。值(zhi)此(ci)(ci)斗极(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)(chu)名(ming)(ming)空桐(tong)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“即(ji)蒙汜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：即(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)《淮南(nan)(nan)子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“日(ri)出(chu)扶桑，入於蒙汜”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。○注(zhu)(zhu)“地(di)(di)气使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：言(yan)(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)土地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气刚柔不同，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁、智(zhi)、信、武耳。若《考工记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刀，宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斤，鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)削，吴越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剑，迁乎其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)而弗(fu)能为(wei)良(liang)，地(di)(di)气然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
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