周书卷三(san) 帝纪第三(san) 孝闵帝
孝闵皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)讳觉，字陀罗尼，太(tai)祖(zu)第三(san)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)。母(mu)曰元皇(huang)后(hou)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)统(tong)八年，生于(yu)(yu)同州官舍。九岁，封(feng)略(lve)阳(yang)郡(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)善相者(zhe)史元华见帝(di)(di)(di)，退谓所亲曰：“此(ci)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)至(zhi)贵之(zhi)(zhi)相，但恨(hen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寿不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)称之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。”魏恭帝(di)(di)(di)三(san)年三(san)月(yue)，命(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)安定公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)世子(zi)(zi)。四(si)月(yue)，拜大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)将(jiang)军。十月(yue)乙亥，太(tai)祖(zu)崩，丙子(zi)(zi)，嗣位(wei)太(tai)师(shi)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)冢宰。十二月(yue)丁(ding)亥，魏帝(di)(di)(di)诏以(yi)(yi)岐阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)地封(feng)帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。庚子(zi)(zi)，禅位(wei)于(yu)(yu)帝(di)(di)(di)。诏曰：“予闻(wen)皇(huang)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)常(chang)，惟归于(yu)(yu)德(de)(de)。故尧授(shou)舜，舜授(shou)禹，时(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宜也(ye)。天(tian)(tian)厌我魏邦，垂变以(yi)(yi)告，惟尔罔弗(fu)知。予虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)明(ming)，敢弗(fu)龚(gong)天(tian)(tian)命(ming)(ming)，格有(you)(you)德(de)(de)哉。今踵唐虞(yu)旧典，禅位(wei)于(yu)(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)，庸(yong)布告遐迩焉。”使大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯赵(zhao)贵持节(jie)奉册(ce)书曰：“咨尔周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)弗(fu)有(you)(you)常(chang)，有(you)(you)德(de)(de)者(zhe)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)，时(shi)(shi)(shi)乃天(tian)(tian)道。予式(shi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)庸(yong)，荒求于(yu)(yu)唐虞(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)彝踵。曰我魏德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)终旧矣，我邦小(xiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)罔弗(fu)知，今其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可久怫于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)道而不(bu)(bu)归有(you)(you)德(de)(de)欤。时(shi)(shi)(shi)用询谋。佥曰公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)昭考文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，格勋德(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)地，丕济生民(min)。洎公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)躬，又宣重光。故玄象征见于(yu)(yu)上，讴讼(song)奔走于(yu)(yu)下，天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)历(li)(li)数，用实在(zai)焉。予安敢弗(fu)若。是以(yi)(yi)钦祗圣(sheng)典，逊(xun)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)享兹大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)命(ming)(ming)，保有(you)(you)万国，可不(bu)(bu)慎欤。”魏帝(di)(di)(di)临(lin)朝，遣(qian)民(min)部(bu)中大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫、济北(bei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元迪致皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)玺绂。固(gu)辞。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿百辟劝进(jin)，太(tai)（师(shi)） 〔史〕陈祥(xiang)(xiang)瑞，乃从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。是日(ri)，魏帝(di)(di)(di)逊(xun)于(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司马府。元年春正月(yue)辛丑，即天(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)位(wei)。柴燎告天(tian)(tian)，朝百官于(yu)(yu)路门。 追尊皇(huang)考文(wen)(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)，皇(huang)妣(bi)为(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)后(hou)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)赦(she)天(tian)(tian)下。封(feng)魏帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)宋公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。是日(ri)，槐(huai)里献赤(chi)雀四(si)。百官奏议(yi)云 ：“帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)兴，罔弗(fu)更正朔，明(ming)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)，革民(min)视听也(ye)。逮于(yu)(yu)尼父，稽诸阴阳(yang)，云行夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，后(hou)王(wang)(wang)所不(bu)(bu)易(yi)。今魏历(li)(li)告终，周(zhou)(zhou)室(shi)受(shou)命(ming)(ming)，以(yi)(yi)木承水，实当(dang)行录，正用夏(xia)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，式(shi)遵(zun)圣(sheng)道。惟文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)诞玄气之(zhi)(zhi)祥(xiang)(xiang)，有(you)(you)黑水之(zhi)(zhi)谶(chen)，服色宜乌。”制(zhi)曰可。以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司徒、赵(zhao)郡(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)李(li)弼为(wei)(wei)太(tai)师(shi)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯、南(nan)阳(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)赵(zhao)贵为(wei)(wei)太(tai)傅、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)冢宰，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司马、河内公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)独孤信为(wei)(wei)太(tai)保、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)宗(zong)(zong)伯，柱(zhu)国、中山公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)护为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)司马。以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)将(jiang)军宁(ning)都公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毓、高(gao)阳(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)达奚(xi)武(wu)、武(wu)阳(yang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)豆卢宁(ning)、小(xiao)司寇阳(yang)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)李(li)远、小(xiao)司马博陵(ling)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)贺(he) 兰祥(xiang)(xiang)、小(xiao)宗(zong)(zong)伯魏安公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尉迟迥等并柱(zhu)国。
壬寅，祠(ci)圆丘(qiu)(qiu)。诏曰：“予(yu)本自(zi)神农(nong)，其于二丘(qiu)(qiu)，宜作厥(jue)主。始祖献侯(hou)，启土辽海，肇有(you)国基(ji)，配南北郊。文(wen)考(kao)德(de)符五运，受天(tian)明命，祖于明堂，以配上帝，庙(miao)为太(tai)祖。”癸卯(mao)，祠(ci)方丘(qiu)(qiu)。甲辰(chen)，祠(ci)太(tai)社。初(chu)除市门税。乙巳，祠(ci)太(tai)庙(miao)。丁未，会百官于干(gan)安殿，班赏各有(you)差(cha)。
戊申，诏曰：“上(shang)天有(you)(you)(you)命，革魏于(yu)(yu)(yu)周，致予一(yi)人，受兹大号。予惟(wei)古先圣王(wang)，罔弗先于(yu)(yu)(yu)省视风俗(su)，以求民瘼(mo)，然后克治。矧(shen)予眇眇，又(you)当(dang)草昧，若弗尚于(yu)(yu)(yu)达四(si)聪、明(ming)四(si)目之(zhi)训者(zhe)，其有(you)(you)(you)闻知哉。有(you)(you)(you)司(si)(si)宜分命方别之(zhi)使(shi)，所(suo)在巡抚(fu)。五教何者(zhe)不(bu)宣，时政有(you)(you)(you)何不(bu)便；得无(wu)修身洁己，才堪(kan)佐世之(zhi)人，而不(bu)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)所(suo)知；冤枉受罚，幽辱于(yu)(yu)(yu)下之(zhi)徒(tu)，而不(bu)为(wei)(wei)上(shang)所(suo)理(li)；孝义贞节(jie)，不(bu)为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)(si)所(suo)申；鳏寡孤穷，不(bu)为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)司(si)(si)所(suo)恤；暨黎(li)庶衣食(shi)丰约，赋役繁省，灾(zai)厉所(suo)兴，水旱之(zhi)处：并宜具闻。若有(you)(you)(you)年八十已上(shang)，所(suo)在就加礼饩。”辛亥，祠南郊。壬子，立(li)王(wang)后元氏。乙卯(mao)，诏曰：“惟(wei)天地草昧，建邦以宁(ning)。今可大启诸国(guo)， 为(wei)(wei)周藩屏(ping)。”于(yu)(yu)(yu)是封太(tai)师李弼为(wei)(wei)赵国(guo)公，太(tai)傅赵贵为(wei)(wei)楚(chu)国(guo)公，太(tai)保独孤信为(wei)(wei)卫国(guo)公，大司(si)(si)寇(kou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)谨为(wei)(wei)燕(yan)国(guo)公，大司(si)(si)空(kong)侯莫(mo)陈崇为(wei)(wei)梁国(guo)公，大司(si)(si)马、中山(shan)公护为(wei)(wei)晋(jin)国(guo)公，邑各万(wan)户。辛酉，祠太(tai)庙。癸亥，亲耕籍田。丙寅，于(yu)(yu)(yu)剑南陵井置陵州(zhou)，武康(kang)郡(jun)置资州(zhou)，遂宁(ning)郡(jun)置遂州(zhou)。
二月癸酉，朝(chao)日于(yu)东郊。乙亥，改封永昌郡(jun)公(gong)广为天水郡(jun)公(gong)。戊寅，祠太社。丁亥，楚(chu)国公(gong)赵贵谋反，伏诛。诏曰：朕文考(kao)昔与群公(gong)洎列将众官，同(tong)心戮(lu)力(li)，共治天下。自始及终，二十三(san)载，迭相(xiang)匡(kuang)弼，上下无(wu)怨(yuan)。是(shi)以(yi)群公(gong)等(deng)用升余(yu)于(yu)大位。朕虽不(bu)德，岂不(bu)识(shi)此(ci)。是(shi)以(yi)朕于(yu)群公(gong)，同(tong)姓者如(ru)弟(di)兄，异(yi)姓者如(ru)甥舅(jiu)。冀此(ci)一心，平(ping)定宇(yu)内(nei)，各令子孙(sun)，享祀百世。而朕不(bu)明，不(bu)能辑睦，致(zhi)使(shi)楚(chu)公(gong)贵不(bu)悦于(yu)朕，与万俟(si)几通(tong)、叱奴兴(xing)、王龙仁、长孙(sun)僧衍等(deng)阴相(xiang)假署，图(tu)危社稷。事不(bu)克行(xing)，为开(kai)府宇(yu)文盛等(deng)所告。及其(qi)推究，咸(xian)伏厥辜。兴(xing)言(yan)及此(ci)，心焉如(ru)痗。但法(fa)(fa)者天下之(zhi)法(fa)(fa)，朕既为天下守法(fa)(fa)，安敢以(yi)私情废之(zhi)。书曰“善善及后世，恶恶止其(qi)身 ”，其(qi)贵、通(tong)、兴(xing)、龙仁罪(zui)止一家，僧衍止一房(fang)，余(yu)皆不(bu)问。惟尔文武，咸(xian)知时事。太保独孤(gu)信有罪(zui)免。
甲午，以大司(si)空、梁国(guo)公(gong)(gong)侯莫陈崇为(wei)(wei)太保，大司(si)马(ma)、晋国(guo)公(gong)(gong)护为(wei)(wei)大冢宰，柱(zhu)国(guo)、博(bo)陵公(gong)(gong)贺兰(lan)祥为(wei)(wei)大司(si)马(ma)，高阳公(gong)(gong)达(da)奚武为(wei)(wei)大司(si)寇，大将军(jun)、化政公(gong)(gong)宇文贵(gui)为(wei)(wei)柱(zhu)国(guo)。己(ji)(ji)亥(hai)，秦州(zhou)、泾州(zhou)各献木连理。岁(sui)星(xing)守少微(wei)，经六十日。三月(yue)庚(geng)子，会(hui)文武百官，班赐各有差。己(ji)(ji)酉(you)(you)，柱(zhu)国(guo)、卫(wei)国(guo) 公(gong)(gong)独孤信赐死。壬(ren)子，诏曰：“（浙(zhe)）〔淅〕州(zhou)去岁(sui)不(bu)登，厥民(min)饥馑，朕用慜焉。其当州(zhou)租输(shu)未毕者(zhe)，悉宜免之。兼(jian)遣(qian)使巡检(jian)，有穷馁者(zhe)，并(bing)加赈给。”癸(gui)亥(hai)，省(sheng)六府士(shi)(shi)员(yuan)，三分减(jian)一。 夏四月(yue)己(ji)(ji)巳，以少师、平原公(gong)(gong)侯莫陈顺为(wei)(wei)柱(zhu)国(guo)。壬(ren)申，诏死罪以下，各降一等。壬(ren)午，谒(ye)成陵。乙酉(you)(you)，还宫。丁亥(hai)，祠太庙。 五月(yue)癸(gui)卯，岁(sui)星(xing)犯太微(wei)上将，太白犯轩辕。己(ji)(ji)酉(you)(you)，槐里献白燕。帝欲观渔(yu)于昆明(ming)池，博(bo)士(shi)(shi)姜须谏，乃(nai)止。秋七月(yue)壬(ren)寅，帝听讼于右寝，多所哀宥。甲辰，月(yue)掩心后星(xing)。辛(xin)亥(hai)，祠太庙。荧惑犯东井北端第二(er)星(xing)。
八月(yue)戊辰，祠太(tai)社。辛未(wei)，诏曰：“朕(zhen)甫临大位，政教未(wei)孚(fu)，使我民(min)农，多陷刑网。今秋律(lv)已应(ying)，将(jiang)行大戮，言念群生，责在(zai)于朕(zhen)。宜从肆(si)眚(sheng)，与其(qi)(qi)更新。其(qi)(qi)犯〔死〕者(zhe)(zhe)宜降(jiang)(jiang)从流，流以下(xia)各降(jiang)(jiang)一等(deng)。不在(zai)赦(she)限者(zhe)(zhe)，不从此降(jiang)(jiang)。”甲午，诏曰：“帝王之治天下(xia)，罔弗(fu)博求众才，以乂厥民(min)。今二(er)十四军宜举(ju)(ju)(ju)贤(xian)良(liang)堪(kan)治民(min)者(zhe)(zhe)，军列九人(ren)。被举(ju)(ju)(ju)之人(ren)，于后不称厥任者(zhe)(zhe)，所举(ju)(ju)(ju)官司，皆(jie)治其(qi)(qi)罪。
九月庚申，诏曰：“朕闻君临天下(xia)者，非(fei)由(you)一人，时乃(nai)上下(xia)同心(xin)所致。今文武之官(guan)及诸(zhu)军人不(bu)沾爵封者，宜各授两大阶。”改(gai)太守为郡守。
帝(di)(di)(di)性刚果，见晋公(gong)护(hu)(hu)(hu)执政(zheng)，深忌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司(si)会(hui)李植、军司(si)马(ma)孙 恒(heng)以(yi)先朝佐(zuo)命，入(ru)侍左(zuo)右(you)，亦(yi)疾(ji)护(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专，乃与(yu)宫伯乙弗凤(feng)、贺拔(ba)提等(deng)潜谋(mou)(mou)，请帝(di)(di)(di)诛护(hu)(hu)(hu)。帝(di)(di)(di)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又引宫伯张光(guang)洛(luo)同谋(mou)(mou)。光(guang)洛(luo)密白(bai)护(hu)(hu)(hu)，护(hu)(hu)(hu)乃出植为梁(liang)州(zhou)刺史(shi)，恒(heng)为潼州(zhou)刺史(shi)。凤(feng)等(deng)遂(sui)不自安，更(geng)奏帝(di)(di)(di)，将召群公(gong)入(ru)，因此诛护(hu)(hu)(hu)。光(guang)洛(luo)又白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)小(xiao)司(si)马(ma)尉迟纲总统宿卫兵(bing)，护(hu)(hu)(hu)乃召纲共谋(mou)(mou)废立。令(ling)纲入(ru)殿中，诈呼(hu)凤(feng)等(deng)论(lun)事(shi)。既至，以(yi)次执送护(hu)(hu)(hu)第(di)，并诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。纲仍(reng)罢(ba)散禁(jin)兵(bing)，帝(di)(di)(di)方悟(wu)，无(wu)左(zuo)右(you)，独在内殿，令(ling)宫人持(chi)兵(bing)自守。护(hu)(hu)(hu)又遣大司(si)马(ma)贺兰祥逼帝(di)(di)(di)逊位(wei)。遂(sui)幽于旧邸，月余(yu)日，以(yi)弒崩，时(shi)年十六。植、恒(heng)等(deng) 亦(yi)遇(yu)害。
及(ji)武(wu)帝诛护后(hou)，乃诏曰(yue)：“慎始敬终，有国(guo)彝典；事亡(wang)如存，哲王通制。义崇追远，礼贵(gui)尊亲。故略阳公(gong)至德纯粹，天姿秀杰。属魏祚告(gao)终，宝命(ming)将改，讴歌允集，历数攸归，上协苍灵之庆(qing)，下昭(zhao)后(hou)祇之锡。而祸生肘腋，衅起萧墙，白兽噬骖，苍鹰(ying)集殿，幽(you)辱(ru)神器，弒(shi)酷乘舆，冤(yuan)结生民，毒流(liu)宇县。今河海澄(cheng)清，氛(fen)沴消荡，追尊之礼，宜崇徽号。”遣太师、蜀(shu)国(guo)公(gong)（过(guo)）〔迥〕于南郊上谥曰(yue)孝闵皇帝，陵曰(yue)静(jing)陵。
史臣曰(yue)：孝(xiao)闵承(cheng)既安之(zhi)(zhi)业，应乐推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)运，柴天竺物，正位君临(lin)，迩无(wu)异言(yan)，远无(wu)异望。虽黄初(chu)代德，太始受终，不之(zhi)(zhi)尚也(ye)。然政(zheng)由宁氏，主怀芒刺之(zhi)(zhi)疑；祭则寡人，臣无(wu)复子之(zhi)(zhi)请。以之(zhi)(zhi)速祸，宜哉。