周书卷二十三(san) 列传第十五 苏绰
苏(su)绰字令绰,武(wu)功(gong)人,魏侍中则之(zhi)九世孙也。累世二千(qian)石。父协,武(wu)功(gong)郡守(shou)。
绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)少(shao)好学(xue),博(bo)览群(qun)书,尤善(shan)筭(suan)术(shu)。从(cong)兄让(rang)为汾州刺史,太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)饯于东都门外。临(lin)别(bie),谓(wei)让(rang)曰(yue)(yue):“卿家子弟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,谁(shei)可任用者?”让(rang)因荐(jian)绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)召为行(xing)(xing)(xing)台郎中。在官(guan)岁余(yu),太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)未深知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然诸曹疑事,皆(jie)询于绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)而后(hou)定(ding)(ding)。所行(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)(gong)文,绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)又为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)条(tiao)式。台中咸称(cheng)其(qi)能(neng)(neng)。后(hou)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)与(yu)仆(pu)射周惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)论事,惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)不能(neng)(neng)对,请(qing)(qing)出外议之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乃(nai)(nai)召绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo),告以其(qi)事,绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)即为量定(ding)(ding)。惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)入呈,太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)称(cheng)善(shan),谓(wei)惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)曰(yue)(yue):“谁(shei)与(yu)卿为此议者?”惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)以绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)对,因称(cheng)其(qi)有王(wang)佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“吾亦闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)久矣。”寻除著作佐郎。属太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)与(yu)公(gong)(gong)卿往昆明池观(guan)渔,行(xing)(xing)(xing)至城西汉故仓(cang)地,顾问(wen)左右,莫有知(zhi)者。或曰(yue)(yue):“苏绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)博(bo)物(wu)多通(tong),请(qing)(qing)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)召绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)。具以状对。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)大(da)悦,因问(wen)天地造化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi),历代兴(xing)亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹。绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)既有口辩,应对如流。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)益喜。乃(nai)(nai)与(yu)绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)并马徐行(xing)(xing)(xing)至池,竟不设(she)网罟而还。遂留绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)至夜,问(wen)以治道,太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)卧而听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)于是指陈(chen)帝王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,兼述申韩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)乃(nai)(nai)起,整(zheng)衣危坐(zuo),不觉(jue)膝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前席。语遂达(da)(da)(da)曙不厌(yan)。诘朝,谓(wei)周惠(hui)达(da)(da)(da)曰(yue)(yue):“苏绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)真(zhen)奇(qi)士也, 吾方任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以政(zheng)。”即拜大(da)行(xing)(xing)(xing)台左丞,参典机密。自(zi)是宠遇日隆。绰(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)(chuo)始(shi)制文案程序(xu),朱(zhu)出墨入,及计(ji)帐(zhang)、户籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。
大统三(san)年(nian),齐(qi)神武三(san)道入寇,诸将咸欲(yu)分兵御之,独绰意与(yu)太祖(zu)同。遂并力拒窦泰,擒之于潼关。四(si)年(nian),加(jia)卫将军、右光禄(lu)大夫,封美阳(yang)县子,邑三(san)百户。加(jia)通直散骑常侍,进爵为伯,增邑二百户。十(shi)年(nian),授(shou)大行台度支(zhi)尚书,领(ling)著作,兼司农卿(qing)。
太(tai)祖方欲(yu)革易时(shi)政(zheng),务弘(hong)强(qiang)国(guo)富民(min)之道(dao),故绰得尽其(qi)智能,赞成其(qi)事。减官员,置二(er)长,并置屯田以资军国(guo)。又为六条诏(zhao)书,奏(zou)施行之。其(qi)一,先治心,曰(yue):
凡(fan)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)伯守(shou)令,皆受命天朝,出(chu)临(lin)下(xia)国,论其尊贵,并古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸侯也(ye)。是(shi)以(yi)前世帝王,每称共治(zhi)(zhi)天下(xia)者,唯良宰(zai)守(shou)耳。明(ming)知(zhi)百(bai)僚(liao)卿尹(yin),虽(sui)各有所司,然其治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,莫若(ruo)宰(zai)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最重(zhong) 也(ye)。凡(fan)治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体,先(xian)当治(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)。心(xin)(xin)者,一(yi)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,百(bai)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。心(xin)(xin)不(bu)清净,则思虑(lv)妄生。思虑(lv)妄生,则见理不(bu)明(ming)。见理不(bu)明(ming),则是(shi)非(fei)谬乱。是(shi)非(fei)谬乱,则一(yi)身不(bu)能(neng)自治(zhi)(zhi),安能(neng)治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)也(ye)!是(shi)以(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要,在(zai)清心(xin)(xin)而已。夫所谓清心(xin)(xin)者,非(fei)不(bu)贪货财(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye),乃欲(yu)使(shi)心(xin)(xin)气(qi)清和,志意端静(jing)(jing)。心(xin)(xin)和志静(jing)(jing),则邪(xie)僻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虑(lv),无(wu)因而作。邪(xie)僻不(bu)作,则凡(fan)所思念,无(wu)不(bu)皆得至(zhi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。率至(zhi)公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理以(yi)临(lin)其民(min),则彼下(xia)民(min)孰不(bu)从化(hua)。是(shi)以(yi)称治(zhi)(zhi)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,先(xian)在(zai)治(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)。
其次又在治身。凡人君(jun)之(zhi)身者(zhe),乃百姓(xing)之(zhi)表,一国之(zhi)的也。表不(bu)正,不(bu)可(ke)求直影(ying);的不(bu)明(ming),不(bu)可(ke)责射中。今(jin)君(jun)身不(bu)能(neng)自治, 而(er)(er)望治百姓(xing),是(shi)(shi)犹(you)曲表而(er)(er)求直影(ying)也;君(jun)行(xing)不(bu)能(neng)自修,而(er)(er)欲百姓(xing)修行(xing)者(zhe),是(shi)(shi)犹(you)无的而(er)(er)责射中也。故为(wei)人君(jun)者(zhe),必(bi)心(xin)如清(qing)水,形(xing)如白(bai)玉。躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)仁义,躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)孝悌,躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)忠信,躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)礼让,躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)廉平,躬(gong)(gong)行(xing)俭(jian)约,然后(hou)继之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)无倦,加(jia)之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)察。行(xing)此八(ba)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)训其民。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)其人畏而(er)(er)爱之(zhi),则而(er)(er)象之(zhi),不(bu)待家教日见而(er)(er)自兴 行(xing)矣。 其二,敦(dun)教化(hua),曰:
天地之(zhi)性(xing)(xing),唯人为贵(gui)。明其有中和之(zhi)心,仁(ren)恕之(zhi)行,异于木石,不同禽(qin)兽,故贵(gui)之(zhi)耳。然性(xing)(xing)无(wu)常守,随(sui)化(hua)而迁(qian)。化(hua)于敦朴者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)质直;化(hua)于浇(jiao)伪者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)浮薄。浮薄者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)衰(shuai)弊(bi)之(zhi)风;质直者(zhe),则(ze)(ze)(ze)淳和之(zhi)俗。衰(shuai)弊(bi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)祸乱(luan)交兴,淳和则(ze)(ze)(ze)天下自治。治 乱(luan)兴亡(wang),无(wu)不皆由所(suo)化(hua)也。
然世道(dao)雕(diao)丧,已(yi)数(shu)百年(nian)。大(da)乱滋甚,且二十岁。民不(bu)(bu)见德,唯兵革是闻;上(shang)无教(jiao)化(hua)(hua),惟刑罚(fa)是用(yong)。而(er)中兴始(shi)尔,大(da)难未(wei)平,加之以(yi)(yi)师旅,因之以(yi)(yi)饥馑,凡(fan)百草创,率多权宜。致使(shi)(shi)礼(li)让弗兴,风俗未(wei)改。比年(nian)稍登稔(ren),徭赋差(cha)轻,衣食不(bu)(bu)切,则(ze)(ze)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)可修矣。凡(fan)诸牧守令长,宜洗(xi)心(xin)革意,上(shang)承朝旨,下宣(xuan)教(jiao)化(hua)(hua)矣。夫化(hua)(hua)者,贵能扇之以(yi)(yi)淳(chun)风,浸之以(yi)(yi)太(tai)和,被之以(yi)(yi)道(dao)德,示之以(yi)(yi)朴(po)素。使(shi)(shi)百姓(xing)亹亹,中迁于善,邪伪之心(xin),嗜欲之性(xing),潜(qian)以(yi)(yi)消化(hua)(hua),而(er)不(bu)(bu)知其所以(yi)(yi)然,此(ci)之谓(wei)化(hua)(hua)也。然后教(jiao)之以(yi)(yi)孝悌,使(shi)(shi) 民慈(ci)(ci)爱(ai);教(jiao)之以(yi)(yi)仁顺,使(shi)(shi)民和睦;教(jiao)之以(yi)(yi)礼(li)义,使(shi)(shi)民敬让。慈(ci)(ci)爱(ai)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)遗其亲,和睦则(ze)(ze)无怨于人,敬让则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)竞(jing)于物。三者既(ji)备,则(ze)(ze)王道(dao)成矣。此(ci)之谓(wei)教(jiao)也。先王之所以(yi)(yi)移风易俗,还淳(chun)反素,垂拱而(er)治(zhi)天(tian)下以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)太(tai)平者,莫不(bu)(bu)由此(ci)。此(ci)之谓(wei)要(yao)道(dao)也。
其(qi)三,尽地利,曰:
人生天地之(zhi)(zhi)间,以(yi)衣(yi)(yi)食(shi)为命。食(shi)不足(zu)则饥(ji)(ji),衣(yi)(yi)不足(zu)则寒。饥(ji)(ji)寒切体,而(er)欲使民(min)兴行礼(li)让者(zhe),此犹逆阪走丸,势不可得(de)也。是(shi)以(yi)古之(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)王,知其(qi)若此,故先足(zu)其(qi)衣(yi)(yi)食(shi),然(ran)后(hou)教化随(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)衣(yi)(yi)食(shi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)足(zu)者(zhe),在(zai)于地利尽(jin)。地利所(suo)(suo)以(yi)尽(jin)者(zhe),由于劝(quan)课有方。主此教者(zhe),在(zai)乎牧守令长(zhang)(zhang)而(er)已(yi)。民(min)者(zhe)冥也,智(zhi)不自周,必待劝(quan) 教,然(ran)后(hou)尽(jin)其(qi)力(li)。诸州郡县,每至(zhi)岁首,必戒敕部(bu)民(min),无问少(shao)长(zhang)(zhang),但能(neng)操持农器(qi)者(zhe),皆(jie)令就田,垦发以(yi)时(shi),勿失其(qi)所(suo)(suo)。及布(bu) 种既讫,嘉苗须理,麦秋在(zai)野,蚕停于室,若此之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),皆(jie)宜少(shao)长(zhang)(zhang)悉力(li),男女并功,若援溺、救火、寇盗之(zhi)(zhi)将至(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)可使农夫(fu)不废其(qi)业(ye),蚕妇(fu)得(de)就其(qi)功。若有游手怠惰,早(zao)归(gui)晚出,好逸(yi)恶劳,不勤事业(ye)者(zhe),则正长(zhang)(zhang)牒(die)名郡县,守令随(sui)事加(jia)罚,罪(zui)一劝(quan)百。此则明宰之(zhi)(zhi)教也。
夫百亩之(zhi)(zhi)田,必春耕之(zhi)(zhi),夏种之(zhi)(zhi),秋收之(zhi)(zhi),然后冬食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)三(san)时(shi)(shi)者(zhe),农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)要也(ye)。若失其(qi)一时(shi)(shi),则(ze)谷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得而(er)食(shi)(shi)。故(gu)(gu)先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)戒曰(yue):“一夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)耕,天下(xia)必有(you)受其(qi)饥者(zhe);一妇不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)织,天下(xia)必 有(you)受其(qi)寒者(zhe)。”若此(ci)三(san)时(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)务省事,而(er)令(ling)民(min)废农(nong)者(zhe),是则(ze)绝民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)命,驱以就死然。单劣(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)户,及(ji)无牛之(zhi)(zhi)家,劝令(ling)有(you)无相通,使得兼济。三(san)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)隙,及(ji)阴(yin)雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)暇,又(you)当教民(min)种桑、植(zhi)果(guo),艺其(qi)菜蔬,修其(qi)园(yuan)圃,畜育鸡豚(tun),以备生(sheng)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)资,以供养老(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)具。夫为(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲过碎,碎则(ze)民(min)烦;劝课亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)太简(jian),简(jian)则(ze)民(min)怠。善为(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe),必消息时(shi)(shi)宜而(er)适烦简(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)中。故(gu)(gu)诗曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)刚(gang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)柔,布政(zheng)(zheng)优优,百禄是求。”如不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能尔(er),则(ze)必陷于刑辟矣(yi)。
其四,擢贤良,曰(yue):
天生蒸民,不能(neng)自(zi)治(zhi),故必(bi)立君以治(zhi)之(zhi)。人君不能(neng)独治(zhi),故必(bi)置(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)以佐(zuo)之(zhi)。上至帝王(wang),下及(ji)郡国(guo),置(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)得贤(xian)则(ze)治(zhi),失贤(xian)则(ze)乱,此乃自(zi)然之(zhi)理,百(bai)王(wang)不能(neng)易也。
今刺史守令,悉有僚吏,皆(jie)佐治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也。刺史府官则(ze)命于天朝,其(qi)州吏以下,并牧守自置。自昔以来,州郡(jun)大吏,但取(qu)门资,多不(bu)择贤良;末(mo)曹小吏,唯试刀(dao)笔(bi)(bi),并不(bu)问志行。夫门资者(zhe)(zhe),乃先(xian)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵禄,无妨子(zi)孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愚瞽(gu);刀(dao)笔(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe),乃身(shen)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末(mo)材,不(bu)废(fei)性行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浇伪。若(ruo)门资之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)得贤良,是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)策骐(qi)骥而(er)取(qu)千里也;若(ruo)门资之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)得愚瞽(gu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)土牛木马,形似而(er)用(yong)非(fei),不(bu)可(ke)以涉道(dao)也。若(ruo)刀(dao)笔(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)得志行,是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)金相玉质,内外俱美,实为人宝也;若(ruo)刀(dao)笔(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)而(er)得浇伪,是(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)饰画(hua)朽木,悦目(mu) 一时,不(bu)可(ke)以充榱椽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)也。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)选举者(zhe)(zhe),当不(bu)限(xian)资荫,唯在得人。苟得其(qi)人,自可(ke)起(qi)冢养而(er)为卿相,伊尹(yin)、傅说(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也,而(er)况(kuang)(kuang)州郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职乎。苟非(fei)其(qi)人,则(ze)丹朱、商均虽(sui)帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胤(yin),不(bu)能守百里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封,而(er)况(kuang)(kuang)于公卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冑乎。由此而(er)言,观人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)可(ke)见(jian)矣。
凡所(suo)求(qiu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)艺(yi)者,为(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)可(ke)以(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)民。若(ruo)有(you)材(cai)(cai)(cai)艺(yi)而以(yi)正(zheng)直为(wei)(wei)本(ben)者,必以(yi)其(qi)(qi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)而为(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)也;若(ruo)有(you)材(cai)(cai)(cai)艺(yi)而以(yi)奸伪为(wei)(wei)本(ben)者,将由其(qi)(qi)官而为(wei)(wei)乱(luan)也,何(he)治(zhi)(zhi)之可(ke)得乎。是故将求(qiu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)艺(yi),必先择志(zhi)(zhi)行。其(qi)(qi)志(zhi)(zhi)行善者,则举之;其(qi)(qi)志(zhi)(zhi)行不善者,则去(qu)之。
而(er)今择人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)多云(yun)“邦国无贤,莫知(zhi)所(suo)举”。此乃未之(zhi)(zhi)思也(ye), 非适理之(zhi)(zhi)论。所(suo)以然者(zhe),古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)有言:明主(zhu)聿兴,不(bu)降佐于(yu)昊(hao)天;大人(ren)(ren)基命,不(bu)擢才于(yu)后(hou)土。常引一(yi)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),治一(yi)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)务。故殷、周不(bu)待稷、契之(zhi)(zhi)臣,魏、晋(jin)无假萧(xiao)、曹之(zhi)(zhi)佐。仲尼曰(yue):“十室之(zhi)(zhi)邑,必有忠信如丘者(zhe)焉。”岂(qi)(qi)有万家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)都,而(er)云(yun)无士,但求之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)勤,择之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)审,或(huo)用之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)得(de)其所(suo),任之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)尽其材(cai),故云(yun)无耳。古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)云(yun):“千人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)秀曰(yue)英,万人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)英曰(yue)隽(juan)。”今之(zhi)(zhi)智效一(yi)官,行闻一(yi)邦者(zhe),岂(qi)(qi)非近(jin)英隽(juan)之(zhi)(zhi)士也(ye)。但能勤而(er)审察,去虚取实,各得(de)州郡之(zhi)(zhi)最而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)民(min)无多少,皆足治矣。孰云(yun)无贤!
夫良(liang)玉(yu)未(wei)剖(pou),与瓦石(shi)相类;名骥未(wei)驰(chi),与驽马相杂。及其(qi)(qi) 剖(pou)而莹之(zhi)(zhi),驰(chi)而试之(zhi)(zhi),玉(yu)石(shi)驽骥,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)始(shi)分。彼(bi)贤(xian)士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)用(yong)也(ye),混于凡(fan)品,竟(jing)何(he)以(yi)(yi)异(yi)。要任之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)事(shi)业(ye),责之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)成务,方与彼(bi)庸流(liu)较然不(bu)同。昔吕(lv)望之(zhi)(zhi)屠(tu)钓(diao),百里奚之(zhi)(zhi)饭(fan)牛,宁(ning)生之(zhi)(zhi)扣角(jiao),管夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)三(san)败,当此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)时,悠悠之(zhi)(zhi)徒,岂谓其(qi)(qi)贤(xian)。及升王朝(chao),登霸国(guo),积(ji)数十年,功成事(shi)立,始(shi)识其(qi)(qi)奇士(shi)也(ye)。于是后(hou)(hou)(hou)世(shi)称(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)容于口。彼(bi)瑰(gui)伟之(zhi)(zhi)材,不(bu)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)杰,尚不(bu)能以(yi)(yi)未(wei)遇之(zhi)(zhi)时,自异(yi)于凡(fan)品,况降此(ci)者哉(zai)。若必(bi)待太(tai)公(gong)而后(hou)(hou)(hou)用(yong),是千载无(wu)太(tai)公(gong);必(bi)待夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)而后(hou)(hou)(hou)任,是百世(shi)无(wu)夷(yi)(yi)吾(wu)(wu)。所以(yi)(yi)然者,士(shi)必(bi)从(cong)微而至着,功必(bi)积(ji)小以(yi)(yi)至大(da),岂有未(wei)任而已成,不(bu)用(yong)而先达(da)也(ye)。若识此(ci)理(li), 则贤(xian)可求,士(shi)可择(ze)。得(de)贤(xian)而任之(zhi)(zhi),得(de)士(shi)而使之(zhi)(zhi),则天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)治,何(he)向(xiang)而不(bu)可成也(ye)。
然善(shan)官(guan)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)必先省(sheng)(sheng)其官(guan)。官(guan)省(sheng)(sheng),则(ze)善(shan)人(ren)(ren)易充(chong),善(shan)人(ren)(ren)易充(chong),则(ze)事无(wu)(wu)不理;官(guan)烦,则(ze)必杂不善(shan)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),杂不善(shan)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),则(ze)政必有(you)得失(shi)。故语曰(yue):“官(guan)省(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)事省(sheng)(sheng),事省(sheng)(sheng)则(ze)民清;官(guan)烦则(ze)事烦,事烦则(ze)民浊。”清浊之(zhi)由,在于官(guan)之(zhi)烦省(sheng)(sheng)。案今吏员,其数(shu)不少。昔民殷(yin)事广,尚能克济(ji),况今户(hu)口减耗,依员而置,犹以为少。如闻在下(xia)州郡(jun),尚有(you)兼假,扰(rao)乱(luan)细民,甚(shen)为无(wu)(wu)理。诸如此辈,悉(xi)宜(yi)罢黜,无(wu)(wu)得习常。非直州郡(jun)之(zhi)官(guan),宜(yi)须(xu)善(shan)人(ren)(ren),爰至党族闾里正长之(zhi)职,皆当审择,各得一乡之(zhi)选,以相(xiang)监统。夫正长者(zhe),治民之(zhi)基。基不倾(qing)者(zhe),上必安。
凡求贤(xian)之(zhi)路,自非一(yi)途(tu)。然所(suo)以得之(zhi)审者(zhe),必由任而试之(zhi),考(kao)而察之(zhi)。
起于(yu)居家,至于(yu)乡党(dang),访其所以,观(guan)其所由,则(ze)人(ren)道明(ming)矣(yi),贤与不肖别(bie)矣(yi)。率此以求,则(ze)庶无愆悔矣(yi)。
其五,恤狱(yu)讼,曰:
人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受阴(yin)(yin)阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng),有(you)(you)(you)情(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)(you)性(xing)。性(xing)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)善,情(qing)(qing)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)恶。善恶既分,而(er)(er)赏罚随(sui)焉。赏罚得中(zhong),则(ze)(ze)恶止而(er)(er)善劝;赏罚不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong),则(ze)(ze)民(min)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所措手足。民(min)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所措手足,则(ze)(ze)怨叛(pan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心生(sheng)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)先(xian)王重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),特加戒(jie)慎(shen)。夫(fu)戒(jie)慎(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲使治(zhi)狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,精心悉意(yi),推究事源。先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五听,参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证验(yan),妙睹情(qing)(qing)状,穷(qiong)鉴隐伏,使奸无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所容(rong),罪(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)得。然(ran)后(hou)随(sui)事加刑(xing)(xing)(xing),轻(qing)重皆(jie)当(dang)(dang),赦(she)过矜(jin)愚,得情(qing)(qing)勿喜。又能消息情(qing)(qing)理(li),斟酌礼律,无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)曲尽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)心,远明(ming)大(da)教,使获罪(zui)(zui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)归。此(ci)则(ze)(ze)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)宰(zai)守(shou)(shou)非(fei)(fei)一(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)通识,推理(li)求(qiu)情(qing)(qing),时或难尽。唯当(dang)(dang)率至公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,去阿枉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,务求(qiu)曲直,念(nian)(nian)尽平当(dang)(dang)。听察之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li),必(bi)穷(qiong)所见,然(ran)后(hou)栲讯(xun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)苛不(bu)(bu)(bu)暴(bao),有(you)(you)(you)疑(yi)则(ze)(ze)从轻(qing),未审不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄罚,随(sui)事断理(li),狱(yu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)停滞(zhi)。此(ci) 亦其(qi)(qi)次(ci)。若乃不(bu)(bu)(bu)仁恕而(er)(er)肆(si)其(qi)(qi)残暴(bao),同民(min)木(mu)石,专任捶楚(chu)。巧诈者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)虽事彰而(er)(er)获免(mian),辞弱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)罪(zui)(zui)而(er)(er)被罚。有(you)(you)(you)如(ru)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),斯则(ze)(ze)下矣(yi),非(fei)(fei)共治(zhi)所寄。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宰(zai)守(shou)(shou),当(dang)(dang)勤于中(zhong)科(ke),而(er)(er)慕其(qi)(qi)上善。如(ru)在下条, 则(ze)(ze)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)赦(she)。又当(dang)(dang)深思远大(da),念(nian)(nian)存(cun)德教。先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制曰(yue),与杀无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)辜,宁(ning)赦(she)有(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui);与其(qi)(qi)害善,宁(ning)其(qi)(qi)利(li)淫。明(ming)必(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得中(zhong),宁(ning)滥舍有(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui),不(bu)(bu)(bu)谬害善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从政者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)。深文(wen)巧劾,宁(ning)致(zhi)善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)于法(fa)(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)免(mian)有(you)(you)(you)罪(zui)(zui)于刑(xing)(xing)(xing)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)然(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)非(fei)(fei)好杀人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye),但云为(wei)吏宁(ning)酷,可免(mian)后(hou)患。此(ci)则(ze)(ze)情(qing)(qing)存(cun)自便,不(bu)(bu)(bu)念(nian)(nian)至公(gong),奉法(fa)(fa)如(ru)此(ci),皆(jie)奸人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵(gui)物,一(yi)死不(bu)(bu)(bu)可复生(sheng)。然(ran)楚(chu)毒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)痛自诬,不(bu)(bu)(bu)被申理(li),遂陷刑(xing)(xing)(xing)戮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),将恐往(wang)往(wang)而(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自古(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,设五听三宥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),着(zhe)明(ming)慎(shen)庶狱(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典,此(ci)皆(jie)爱民(min)甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)伐木(mu)杀草,田猎(lie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)顺,尚违时令,而(er)(er)亏帝(di)道(dao);况刑(xing)(xing)(xing)罚不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong),滥害善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),宁(ning)不(bu)(bu)(bu)伤(shang)天(tian)心、犯和(he)气(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)!天(tian)心伤(shang),和(he)气(qi)损,而(er)(er)欲阴(yin)(yin)阳调适,四时顺序(xu),万物阜安,苍生(sheng)悦乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可得也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故语曰(yue),一(yi)夫(fu)吁嗟(jie),王道(dao)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倾(qing)覆,正(zheng)谓此(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)百(bai)宰(zai)守(shou)(shou),可无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)慎(shen)乎。
若有(you)深(shen)奸巨猾,伤化败俗(su),悖乱人(ren)伦,不忠不孝,故(gu)为背道者,杀(sha)一利百,以清王化,重刑可(ke)也。识此二途,则刑政尽(jin)矣。
其六,均赋役,曰(yue):
圣(sheng)人之(zhi)大宝(bao)曰(yue)位(wei)。何(he)以(yi)(yi)守位(wei)曰(yue)仁(ren),何(he)以(yi)(yi)聚人曰(yue)财(cai)。明先王必以(yi)(yi)财(cai)聚人,以(yi)(yi)仁(ren)守位(wei)。国(guo)而(er)(er)无(wu)财(cai),位(wei)不(bu)可守。是故(五(wu))三以(yi)(yi)来(lai),皆有征(zheng)税之(zhi)法。虽轻重不(bu)同(tong),而(er)(er)济用一也(ye)。今逆寇未(wei)(wei)平(ping),军用资广,虽未(wei)(wei)遑减省,以(yi)(yi)恤民瘼(mo),然令平(ping)均,使(shi)下(xia)无(wu)匮。夫 平(ping)均者,不(bu)舍豪强而(er)(er)征(zheng)贫(pin)弱,不(bu)纵(zong)奸巧而(er)(er)困愚拙,此之(zhi)谓均也(ye)。故圣(sheng)人曰(yue):“盖均无(wu)贫(pin)。”
然财货(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生,其(qi)功不易。织(zhi)纴纺绩,起(qi)于有(you)渐,非旬日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,所可造次。必须劝课,使(shi)预营理。绢(juan)乡先(xian)事织(zhi)纴,麻土早 修纺绩。先(xian)时而(er)备,至时而(er)输(shu),故王赋获供,下民(min)无(wu)困。如其(qi)不预劝戒(jie),临时迫切,复(fu)恐稽(ji)缓(huan),以为己过,捶扑交至,取办(ban)目前。富商大(da)贾,缘(yuan)兹射利,有(you)者从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵买,无(wu)者与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)息(xi)。输(shu)税(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min),于是(shi)弊矣。
租税(shui)之(zhi)时,虽(sui)有大式,至于(yu)斟酌(zhuo)贫(pin)富,差次先后,皆事起于(yu)正长,而(er)系之(zhi)于(yu)守令(ling)。若斟酌(zhuo)得所,则政和而(er)民(min)悦;若检(jian)理 无方,则吏奸而(er)民(min)怨。又差发徭(yao)役,多(duo)不存意。致令(ling)贫(pin)弱者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)重徭(yao)而(er)远戍,富强(qiang)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)轻使而(er)近防。守令(ling)用怀(huai)如此,不存恤民(min)之(zhi)心,皆王(wang)政之(zhi)罪人也。
太(tai)祖甚重(zhong)之,常置诸(zhu)座(zuo)右。又令(ling)百司(si)习诵之。其牧守令(ling)长,非(fei)通六条及计帐者(zhe),不得居(ju)官。
自(zi)有晋之(zhi)季,文章竞为浮(fu)华,遂成风俗。太祖欲革(ge)其(qi)弊,
因(yin)魏帝(di)祭庙,群臣毕至(zhi),乃命绰为大诰(gao),奏行之。其词曰:
惟(wei)中兴十(shi)有(you)一年,仲夏,庶邦百辟(pi),咸会于王庭。柱国泰洎(ji)群公(gong)列将(jiang),罔不来朝。时乃大(da)稽百宪,敷(fu)于庶邦,用绥我王度。皇帝(di)曰:“昔尧(yao)命羲和(he),允(yun)厘百工。舜命九官(guan),庶绩咸熙(xi)。武(wu)丁命说,克号高宗(zong)。时惟(wei)休哉,朕其钦若。格尔有(you)位,胥暨我太祖之庭,朕将(jiang)丕命女(nv)以(yi)厥官(guan)。”
六月丁巳,皇帝朝格(ge)于(yu)太庙,凡厥具僚,罔不(bu)在位。
皇帝(di)若曰:“咨我(wo)(wo)元(yuan)辅、群公、列将、百辟、卿(qing)士、庶(shu)尹、御事,朕惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寅敷(fu)祖(zu)(zu)宗之(zhi)(zhi)灵命(ming),稽于(yu)先王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)训(xun),以(yi)大(da)诰(gao)于(yu)尔在(zai)(zai)位(wei)。昔我(wo)(wo)太祖(zu)(zu)神皇,肇膺明命(ming),以(yi)创(chuang)我(wo)(wo)皇基。烈祖(zu)(zu)景宗,廓开四(si)表,底定武(wu)(wu)功。暨乎文祖(zu)(zu),诞敷(fu)文德,龚惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)考,不霣(yun)其旧(jiu)。自时厥后(hou)(hou),陵夷之(zhi)(zhi)弊,用(yong)(yong)兴大(da)难于(yu)彼东丘,则我(wo)(wo)黎(li)人(ren),咸坠涂炭。惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)台(tai)一(yi)人(ren),缵戎下武(wu)(wu),夙(su)夜祗畏,若涉大(da)川,罔(wang)识攸济(ji)。是用(yong)(yong)稽于(yu)帝(di)典(dian),揆(kui)于(yu)王(wang)(wang)廷,拯我(wo)(wo)民(min)(min)瘼。惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彼哲王(wang)(wang),示我(wo)(wo)彝(yi)(yi)训(xun), 曰天生(sheng)蒸民(min)(min),罔(wang)克(ke)自乂,上(shang)帝(di)降(jiang)鉴(jian)叡圣,植元(yuan)后(hou)(hou)以(yi)乂之(zhi)(zhi)。惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)时 元(yuan)后(hou)(hou)弗(fu)(fu)克(ke)独乂,博求(qiu)明德,命(ming)百辟群吏以(yi)佐之(zhi)(zhi)。肆天之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)辟,辟之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)官(guan),惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)恤民(min)(min),弗(fu)(fu)惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)逸念(nian)。辟惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元(yuan)首(shou),庶(shu)黎(li)惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)趾(zhi),股肱惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弼。上(shang)下一(yi)体,各勤(qin)攸司(si),兹用(yong)(yong)克(ke)臻于(yu)皇极。故其彝(yi)(yi)训(xun)曰:“后(hou)(hou)克(ke)艰厥后(hou)(hou),臣(chen)克(ke)艰厥臣(chen),政乃乂。”今台(tai)一(yi)人(ren),膺天之(zhi)(zhi)嘏,既陟元(yuan)后(hou)(hou)。股肱百辟又服(fu)我(wo)(wo)国(guo)家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),罔(wang)不咸守厥职。嗟夫,后(hou)(hou)弗(fu)(fu)艰厥后(hou)(hou),臣(chen)弗(fu)(fu)艰厥臣(chen),于(yu)政何弗(fu)(fu)斁,呜(wu)呼艰哉(zai)!凡尔在(zai)(zai)位(wei),其敬(jing)听(ting)命(ming)。”皇帝(di)若曰:“柱(zhu)国(guo),唯四(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)不造(zao),载繇二纪。天未绝我(wo)(wo)太祖(zu)(zu)列祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming),用(yong)(yong)锡我(wo)(wo)以(yi)元(yuan)辅。国(guo)家(jia)将坠,公惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)栋梁。皇之(zhi)(zhi)弗(fu)(fu)极,公作相(xiang)。百揆(kui)諐(qian)度,公惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)录。公其允(yun)文允(yun)武(wu)(wu),克(ke)明克(ke)乂,迪七德,敷(fu)九功,龛暴除乱,下绥(sui)我(wo)(wo)苍(cang)生(sheng),旁施于(yu)九土。若伊之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)商,周之(zhi)(zhi)有吕(lv),说之(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)丁,用(yong)(yong)保我(wo)(wo)无疆之(zhi)(zhi)祚。”
皇帝若曰(yue):“群公(gong)、太宰(zai)、太尉(wei)、司(si)徒、司(si)空。惟(wei)公(gong)作朕(zhen)鼎足,以(yi)弼乎朕(zhen)躬。宰(zai)惟(wei)天官(guan),克(ke)谐六职。尉(wei)惟(wei)司(si)武(wu),武(wu)在止(zhi)戈。徒惟(wei)司(si)众,敬敷五(wu)教。空惟(wei)司(si)土,利用厚(hou)生。惟(wei)时(shi)三事,若三阶之(zhi)(zhi)在天;惟(wei)兹四辅,若四时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)成岁。天工人其代诸(zhu)。”皇帝若曰(yue):“列将(jiang),汝(ru)惟(wei)鹰扬,作朕(zhen)爪牙,寇贼奸宄,蛮夷猾夏(xia),汝(ru)徂征,绥(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)惠,董之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)威。刑期(qi)于无刑,万邦咸宁。俾(bi)八表之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),莫违朕(zhen)命(ming),时(shi)汝(ru)功。
皇(huang)帝若曰:“庶(shu)邦(bang)列辟,汝(ru)惟(wei)守土,作民父母。民惟(wei)不(bu)胜其(qi)饥,故(gu)先王(wang)重农;不(bu)胜其(qi)寒,故(gu)先王(wang)贵(gui)女功(gong)。民之(zhi)不(bu)率于孝慈,则(ze)骨肉之(zhi)恩(en)薄;弗惇于礼让(rang),则(ze)争夺(duo)之(zhi)萌生(sheng)。惟(wei)兹六物,寔为(wei)教(jiao)本(ben)。呜(wu)呼!为(wei)上在宽,宽则(ze)民怠。齐之(zhi)以礼,不(bu)刚(gang)不(bu)柔,稽极于道。”
皇帝(di)(di)若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)士、庶(shu)尹(yin)、凡百(bai)御事,王(wang)省(sheng)惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岁,卿(qing)士惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)月,庶(shu)尹(yin)惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri),御事惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)时。岁月日(ri)时,罔易其度,百(bai)宪咸贞,庶(shu)绩其凝。呜呼(hu)!惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)王(wang)官,陶均万(wan)国,若(ruo)天(tian)之(zhi)有斗,斟元气,酌阴阳(yang),弗(fu)失其和,苍(cang)生(sheng)永赖;悖其序,万(wan)物(wu)以(yi)伤。时惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)艰哉!” 皇帝(di)(di)若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue):“惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)地之(zhi)道,一(yi)(yi)阴一(yi)(yi)阳(yang);礼俗(su)之(zhi)变,一(yi)(yi)文一(yi)(yi)质(zhi)。爰自三五,以(yi)迄(qi)于兹,匪惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相革(ge),惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其救弊(bi),匪惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相袭,惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其可(ke)久。惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我有魏,承乎周之(zhi)末流(liu),接秦汉遗弊(bi),袭魏晋之(zhi)华诞,五代浇风(feng),因而未革(ge),将(jiang)以(yi)穆俗(su)兴化(hua),庸可(ke)暨乎。嗟我公辅、庶(shu)僚(liao)、列侯,朕惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否德,其一(yi)(yi)心力,祗慎厥(jue)(jue)艰,克(ke)遵前王(wang)之(zhi)丕(pi)显休烈,弗(fu)敢怠荒(huang)。咨尔(er)在位,亦协乎朕心,惇德允元,惟(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)厥(jue)(jue)难(nan)是(shi)务(wu)。克(ke)捐厥(jue)(jue)华,即厥(jue)(jue)实,背厥(jue)(jue)伪,崇(chong)厥(jue)(jue)诚。勿愆勿忘,一(yi)(yi)乎三代之(zhi)彝典,归于道德仁义,用保我祖宗(zong)之(zhi)丕(pi)命。荷(he)天(tian)之(zhi)休,克(ke)绥我万(wan)方,永康(kang)我黎庶(shu)。戒之(zhi)哉!戒之(zhi)哉!朕言不再。”
柱(zhu)国泰洎庶僚百(bai)辟(pi)拜手稽首曰:““亶聪明作元后(hou)(hou),元后(hou)(hou)作民父母(mu)。”惟三(san)五(wu)之(zhi)王,率(lv)繇此道(dao),用臻于(yu)刑措。自时厥(jue)(jue)后(hou)(hou),历千载(zai)而未(wei)闻(wen)。惟帝(di)念功(gong),将(jiang)反(fan)叔(shu)世,逖致于(yu)雍。庸锡(xi)降丕命(ming)于(yu)我群臣。博哉王言(yan),非(fei)言(yan)之(zhi)难(nan),行之(zhi)实难(nan)。罔(wang)不有初,鲜克有终(zhong)。商书(shu)曰:“终(zhong)始(shi)惟一,德乃日(ri)新(xin)。”惟帝(di)敬厥(jue)(jue)始(shi),慎厥(jue)(jue)终(zhong),以(yi)(yi)跻日(ri)新(xin)之(zhi)德,则我群臣,敢不夙夜对扬休哉。惟兹大谊,未(wei)光于(yu)四表,以(yi)(yi)迈种德,俾九域(yu)幽遐,咸昭(zhao)奉元后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)明训,率(lv)迁于(yu)道(dao),永膺无(wu)疆之(zhi)休。”
帝曰:“钦哉。”
自是之(zhi)后,文笔(bi)皆依(yi)此体。
绰(chuo)性俭素,不治(zhi)(zhi)产(chan)业(ye),家(jia)无(wu)余财。以海(hai)内未平(ping),常以天下为己(ji)任。博求贤俊(jun),共弘治(zhi)(zhi)道,凡所荐达,皆(jie)至大官。太祖亦推心委(wei)任,而无(wu)间言。太祖或出(chu)游,常预署空纸(zhi)以授绰(chuo),若(ruo)须有(you)处分(fen),则随事施行,及还,启之(zhi)而已。绰(chuo)尝谓治(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)之(zhi)道,当爱(ai)民如慈(ci)父,训(xun)民如严师。每与公卿议论(lun),自昼达夜(ye),事无(wu)巨细,若(ruo)指诸掌。积思劳倦,遂成气疾。十二年,卒于位,时年四十九。
太(tai)祖(zu)痛(tong)惜(xi)之(zhi),哀动左右(you)。及(ji)(ji)将(jiang)葬,乃谓(wei)公卿等曰(yue):“苏尚(shang) 书平生谦退(tui),敦尚(shang)俭约。吾欲(yu)全其(qi)素志(zhi),便恐悠悠之(zhi)徒,有所未达(da);如其(qi)厚加(jia)赠谥,又(you)乖(guai)宿昔相知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)道。进退(tui)惟谷,孤有疑(yi)焉。”尚(shang)书令史(shi)麻瑶越次而进曰(yue):“昔晏子,齐(qi)之(zhi)贤(xian)大夫,一狐裘三十年。及(ji)(ji)其(qi)死也,遗(yi)车一乘。齐(qi)侯不夺(duo)其(qi)志(zhi)。绰既操履(lv)清白,谦挹自居(ju),愚谓(wei)宜(yi)从俭约,以(yi)彰其(qi)美。”太(tai)祖(zu)称善,因荐(jian)瑶于朝廷(ting)。及(ji)(ji)绰归(gui)葬武功,唯(wei)载以(yi)布车一乘。太(tai)祖(zu)与(yu)群公,皆(jie)步(bu)送出同州(zhou)郭(guo)门外。太(tai)祖(zu)亲于车后酹(lei)酒而言曰(yue):“尚(shang)书平生为事,妻子兄弟不知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,吾皆(jie)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)。惟尔知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吾心,吾知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尔意(yi)。方欲(yu)共定天(tian)下(xia),不幸(xing)遂舍我(wo)去,奈(nai)何 !”因举声恸哭,不觉失卮于手。至葬日,又(you)遣(qian)使祭以(yi)太(tai)牢,太(tai)祖(zu)自为其(qi)文。
绰又着佛性(xing)论、七经论,并(bing)行于世。明帝二年,以(yi)绰配享太祖庙庭。子威嗣(si)。
威少(shao)有父风,袭爵美阳伯。娶晋公(gong)护女新兴公(gong)主,拜(bai)车骑 大将(jiang)(jiang)军、仪同三司,进爵怀道县公(gong)。建德初,稍迁御伯下大夫。大象末,开府仪同大将(jiang)(jiang)军。
隋开(kai)(kai)皇(huang)初,以绰著(zhu)名前(qian)(qian)代(dai),乃(nai)下诏(zhao)曰:“昔汉(han)高钦(qin)无忌之义,魏(wei)武挹子干之风(feng),前(qian)(qian)代(dai)名贤,后王(wang)(wang)斯(si)重。魏(wei)故度支尚书、美阳伯苏绰,文(wen)雅(ya)政事,遗迹可(ke)称。展力前(qian)(qian)王(wang)(wang),垂(chui)声着绩。宜开(kai)(kai)土宇,用旌善人。”于(yu)是追封邳国(guo)公,邑二千户。
绰弟椿,字(zi)令钦。性廉慎,沉(chen)勇有(you)(you)决(jue)断。正光中,关右(you)贼乱,椿应(ying)募(mu)讨之,授(shou)荡寇将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)。累功(封)迁奉朝(chao)请、厉(li)威将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、中散大(da)夫,赐爵美(mei)阳子(zi)(zi),加都督、持节、平西将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、太中大(da)夫。大(da)统初(chu),拜镇东将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、金(jin)紫光禄大(da)夫,赐姓贺兰氏。四年(nian),出(chu)为(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)都郡(jun)(jun)(jun)守。改授(shou)西夏州(zhou)长史,除(chu)帅(shuai)(shuai)都督,行弘农(nong)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)事。椿当(dang)官强济(ji),特为(wei)(wei)太祖所知。十四年(nian),置当(dang)州(zhou)乡(xiang)帅(shuai)(shuai),自(zi)非乡(xiang)望允当(dang)众心,不得预焉(yan)。乃令驿(yi)追椿领乡(xiang)兵(bing)。其年(nian),破盘头氐有(you)(you)功,除(chu)散骑(qi)(qi)常侍,加大(da)都督。十六(liu)年(nian),征随郡(jun)(jun)(jun),军(jun)(jun)还,除(chu) 武(wu)(wu)功郡(jun)(jun)(jun)守。既为(wei)(wei)本(ben)邑,以清俭自(zi)居,小大(da)之政,必(bi)尽忠恕(shu)。寻(xun)授(shou)使持节、车骑(qi)(qi)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、仪同三(san)司(si),进(jin)(jin)爵为(wei)(wei)侯(hou)。武(wu)(wu)成二年(nian),进(jin)(jin)位骠骑(qi)(qi)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、开府仪同三(san)司(si)、大(da)都督。保定三(san)年(nian),卒。子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)嗣。
史臣曰:书云:“惟(wei)后(hou)非(fei)贤弗(fu)乂,惟(wei)贤非(fei)后(hou)罔(wang)食(shi)”。是以知(zhi)人则(ze)哲,有国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)先;用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)行,为(wei)下之(zhi)(zhi)常道(dao)。若(ruo)乃庖厨(chu)、胥靡(mi)、种德、微管之(zhi)(zhi)臣,罕闻于(yu)世;黜鲁、逐荆、抱关、执戟之(zhi)(zhi)士,无乏(fa)于(yu)时。斯(si)固典(dian)慕(mu)所(suo)以昭则(ze),风雅(ya)所(suo)以兴刺也(ye)。诚(cheng)能监前(qian)事之(zhi)(zhi)得丧,劳虚(xu)己于(yu)吐(tu)握,其知(zhi)贤也(ye)必用(yong)(yong),其授爵也(ye)勿疑,则(ze)舜禹汤武之(zhi)(zhi)德可(ke)连衡矣(yi),稷契伊吕之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)可(ke)比肩矣(yi)。
太祖提剑而起,百度草创。施约(yue)法之(zhi)(zhi)制于竞逐之(zhi)(zhi)辰,修治(zhi)定之(zhi)(zhi)礼于鼎峙之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)。终能斲雕(diao)为朴,变奢从俭,风化既(ji)被,而下肃上尊;疆埸(yi)屡扰,而内亲外(wai)附。斯(si)盖苏(su)令(ling)绰之(zhi)(zhi)力也。名(ming)冠当时,庆流后嗣,宜(yi)哉。