列传第二十七 儒林
沈文阿 沈洙 戚衮 郑灼 张崖 陆(lu)诩(xu) 沈德(de)威 贺德(de)基 全缓(huan) 张讥 顾越 沈不害(hai) 王(wang)元规
盖(gai)今儒(ru)者(zhe),本(ben)因古之六学(xue)(xue),斯则王教(jiao)之典(dian)籍(ji),先圣(sheng)所以明(ming)天道(dao),正人伦,致治之成(cheng)法也。秦始皇焚书坑儒(ru),六学(xue)(xue)自此缺矣(yi)(yi)。汉(han)(han)武帝立《五(wu)经》博士,置(zhi)(zhi)弟子员(yuan),设(she)科射策,劝以官(guan)禄,其传业(ye)者(zhe)甚众焉。自两汉(han)(han)登贤(xian),咸(xian)资经术。魏、晋浮荡,儒(ru)教(jiao)沦歇,公卿士庶(shu),罕通(tong)经业(ye)矣(yi)(yi)。宋、齐之间,国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue)时复开(kai)置(zhi)(zhi)。梁武帝开(kai)五(wu)馆,建国(guo)(guo)学(xue)(xue),总以《五(wu)经》教(jiao)授,经各置(zhi)(zhi)助教(jiao)云(yun)。武帝或纡銮驾,临幸庠序,释奠先师,躬亲试胄,申之宴(yan)语,劳之束帛,济济焉斯盖(gai)一(yi)代之盛矣(yi)(yi)。高祖创业(ye)开(kai)基,承(cheng)前(qian)代离乱,衣冠(guan)殄尽,寇(kou)贼(zei)未宁,既日不暇给,弗遑劝课。世祖以降(jiang),稍置(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)官(guan),虽博延生徒(tu),成(cheng)业(ye)盖(gai)寡。今之采缀(zhui),盖(gai)亦梁之遗(yi)儒(ru)云(yun)。
沈文(wen)阿,字国(guo)卫,吴(wu)兴武康人也(ye)。父(fu)峻,以儒学闻于梁世,授桂(gui)州刺史(shi),不(bu)行。文(wen)阿性(xing)刚强,有膂力,少习父(fu)业,研精(jing)章句。祖舅太(tai)史(shi)叔明、舅王慧兴并(bing)通经(jing)术,而文(wen)阿颇传之。又博(bo)采先儒异(yi)同,自为义疏。治《三礼》、《三传》。察孝(xiao)廉,为梁临川王国(guo)侍(shi)郎,累(lei)迁兼国(guo)子(zi)助教、《五经(jing)》博(bo)士(shi)。
梁简(jian)文(wen)在(zai)东宫,引(yin)为学士(shi),深相礼(li)遇,及撰《长春(chun)义记》,多使文(wen)阿(a)(a)撮(cuo)异闻(wen)以(yi)广(guang)之(zhi)。及侯景寇逆(ni),简(jian)文(wen)别遣(qian)文(wen)阿(a)(a)招(zhao)募士(shi)卒,入援京师。城陷(xian),与张乘共保吴(wu)兴,乘败,文(wen)阿(a)(a)窜(cuan)于山野。景素闻(wen)其(qi)名。求之(zhi)甚急,文(wen)阿(a)(a)穷迫不知所(suo)出(chu),登(deng)树(shu)自(zi)缢,遇有(you)所(suo)亲救之(zhi),便自(zi)投而(er)下,折其(qi)左臂。及景平,高祖(zu)以(yi)文(wen)阿(a)(a)州里,表为原乡令,监江阴郡。
绍泰元(yuan)年,入为(wei)(wei)国子博士,寻领步兵校尉,兼掌仪(yi)礼(li)(li)。自太清之(zhi)乱,台阁故(gu)事,无有存者,文阿(a)父(fu)峻,梁(liang)武(wu)世(shi)尝(chang)掌朝(chao)仪(yi),颇有遗稿(gao),于(yu)是斟(zhen)酌裁撰,礼(li)(li)度皆自之(zhi)出。及(ji)高(gao)祖(zu)受禅,文阿(a)辄弃(qi)官还武(wu)康,高(gao)祖(zu)大(da)怒,发使(shi)往诛之(zhi)。时文阿(a)宗人沈恪为(wei)(wei)郡,请使(shi)者宽其(qi)死,即面缚(fu)锁(suo)颈致于(yu)高(gao)祖(zu),高(gao)祖(zu)视(shi)而笑(xiao)曰:“腐儒复何为(wei)(wei)者?”遂(sui)赦之(zhi)。
高祖崩,文(wen)阿与尚(shang)书左丞(cheng)徐陵、中(zhong)书舍(she)人刘师知等议大行皇帝灵座侠御衣服之制,语在师知传。及世祖即(ji)皇帝位,克日谒庙,尚(shang)书右丞(cheng)庾持奉诏遣博士议其礼。文(wen)阿议曰:
民(min)物推(tui)移(yi),质文殊轨,圣贤因机而立(li)教,王公(gong)(gong)随时以(yi)(yi)适宜。夫千人无(wu)君(jun),不(bu)散则(ze)乱,万乘无(wu)主,不(bu)危则(ze)亡。当隆周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),公(gong)(gong)旦叔(shu)父,吕、召爪牙,成王在(zai)丧,祸几覆国。是以(yi)(yi)既葬便(bian)有公(gong)(gong)冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),始殡受(shou)麻(ma)冕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策。斯(si)盖(gai)示天(tian)下以(yi)(yi)有主,虑(lv)社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艰难。逮乎末叶纵横(heng),汉承其弊(bi),虽(sui)文、景刑厝(cuo),而七国连(lian)兵。或(huo)逾月(yue)即尊(zun)(zun),或(huo)崩日(ri)称诏(zhao),此(ci)皆有为(wei)而为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非无(wu)心(xin)于礼(li)制也。今(jin)国讳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),虽(sui)抑哀于玺绂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,犹未(wei)序于君(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)。古礼(li),朝庙退坐正(zheng)寝,听群臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政,今(jin)皇帝拜庙还(hai),宜御太极(ji)殿,以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)南面之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun),此(ci)即周(zhou)康(kang)在(zai)朝一二臣(chen)卫者(zhe)也。其壤奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,周(zhou)礼(li)以(yi)(yi)玉(yu)作贽,公(gong)(gong)侯以(yi)(yi)圭(gui)(gui),子男执(zhi)璧,此(ci)瑞玉(yu)也。奠贽既竟,又复致(zhi)享(xiang),天(tian)子以(yi)(yi)璧,王后(hou)用琮。秦烧经典,威仪(yi)散灭,叔(shu)孙通定礼(li),尤(you)失前(qian)宪,奠贽不(bu)圭(gui)(gui),致(zhi)享(xiang)无(wu)帛,公(gong)(gong)王同(tong)璧,鸿(hong)胪奏贺。若此(ci)数事,未(wei)闻于古,后(hou)相沿袭,至(zhi)梁行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫称觞奉(feng)寿,家国大(da)庆(qing),四厢雅乐,歌奏欢欣(xin)。今(jin)君(jun)臣(chen)吞哀,万民(min)抑割,岂同(tong)于惟新之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)乎?且周(zhou)康(kang)宾称奉(feng)圭(gui)(gui),无(wu)万寿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)献,此(ci)则(ze)前(qian)准明矣。三宿(su)三咤,上宗曰飨,斯(si)盖(gai)祭傧受(shou)福,宁(ning)谓(wei)贺酒(jiu)邪(xie)!愚(yu)以(yi)(yi)今(jin)坐正(zheng)殿,止(zhi)行荐(jian)璧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),无(wu)贺酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。谨撰谒庙还(hai)升(sheng)正(zheng)寝、群臣(chen)陪荐(jian)仪(yi)注(zhu)如别(bie)。
诏可施(shi)行。寻迁通直散骑(qi)常侍,兼国(guo)子博士(shi),领羽林监,仍令于(yu)东宫讲《孝经(jing)》、《论(lun)语》。天嘉(jia)四(si)年卒(zu),时(shi)年六十(shi)一。诏赠(zeng)廷尉卿。
文阿(a)所撰《仪礼(li)》八十馀卷,《经典大义》十八卷,并行于世,诸儒多传其学。
沈洙(zhu),字弘道(dao),吴兴武康(kang)人(ren)也。祖(zu)休稚,梁馀杭令。父山卿,梁国子博士、中散大(da)夫。洙(zhu)少方雅好学(xue),不(bu)(bu)妄(wang)交(jiao)游。治《三礼》、《春秋左氏传》。精识强记,《五经》章(zhang)句(ju)(ju),诸(zhu)子史书,问无(wu)不(bu)(bu)答。解巾(jin)梁湘东王(wang)国左常(chang)侍,转中军宣(xuan)城(cheng)王(wang)限内(nei)参军,板(ban)仁威临(lin)贺王(wang)记室参军,迁尚书祠部郎中,时年盖二十馀。大(da)同(tong)中,学(xue)者多涉(she)猎文史,不(bu)(bu)为(wei)章(zhang)句(ju)(ju),而洙(zhu)独积思经术,吴郡硃异(yi)、会(hui)稽贺琛甚嘉之(zhi)。及(ji)异(yi)、琛于士林馆(guan)讲制旨(zhi)义(yi),常(chang)使洙(zhu)为(wei)都(dou)讲。侯(hou)景之(zhi)乱(luan),洙(zhu)窜(cuan)于临(lin)安,时世祖(zu)在焉,亲就(jiu)习业。及(ji)高祖(zu)入辅,除(chu)国子博士,与沈文阿(a)同(tong)掌仪礼。
高祖(zu)受(shou)禅,加员外散骑常(chang)侍,历扬(yang)州别(bie)驾从事(shi)史、大(da)匠卿。有司奏(zou)前宁远将军、建康令沈孝轨门(men)生陈(chen)三儿牒(die)称主(zhu)人翁灵(ling)柩(jiu)在(zai)周(zhou),主(zhu)人奉(feng)使(shi)关内,因欲(yu)迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),久而未返。此月晦即是再(zai)周(zhou),主(zhu)人弟息(xi)见在(zai)此者(zhe),为(wei)(wei)至月末除(chu)灵(ling),内外即吉(ji)?为(wei)(wei)待主(zhu)人还情礼(li)(li)(li)申竟(jing)?以(yi)事(shi)谘左(zuo)(zuo)丞(cheng)江德藻,德藻议:“王(wang)卫军云(yun):‘久丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)不(bu)葬,唯主(zhu)人不(bu)变(bian),其馀亲(qin)各(ge)终(zhong)月数(shu)(shu)(shu)而除(chu)。’此盖引《礼(li)(li)(li)》文论(lun)在(zai)家(jia)内有事(shi)故(gu)未得(de)葬者(zhe)耳(er)。孝轨既在(zai)异域(yu),虽已迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),还期无(wu)指,诸弟若(ruo)遂(sui)不(bu)除(chu),永(yong)绝(jue)(jue)婚嫁,此于人情,或(huo)为(wei)(wei)未允。中(zhong)原沦陷已后(hou),理有事(shi)例(li),宜(yi)(yi)谘沈常(chang)侍详(xiang)议。”洙议曰(yue):“礼(li)(li)(li)有变(bian)正(zheng),又有从宜(yi)(yi)。《礼(li)(li)(li)小记》云(yun):‘久而不(bu)葬者(zhe),唯主(zhu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)者(zhe)不(bu)除(chu),其馀以(yi)麻终(zhong)月数(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)除(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)则已。’《注(zhu)》云(yun):‘其馀谓傍亲(qin)。’如郑(zheng)所(suo)解,众子皆应不(bu)除(chu),王(wang)卫军所(suo)引,此盖礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)也(ye)。但魏氏(shi)(shi)东关之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,既失亡尸柩(jiu),葬礼(li)(li)(li)无(wu)期,议以(yi)为(wei)(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)无(wu)终(zhong)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),故(gu)制使(shi)除(chu)服(fu)。晋氏(shi)(shi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)乱(luan),或(huo)死于虏庭(ting),无(wu)由迎殡,江左(zuo)(zuo)故(gu)复申明其制。李(li)胤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu),王(wang)华之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父,并存(cun)亡不(bu)测,其子制服(fu)依时释縗,此并变(bian)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)也(ye)。孝轨虽因奉(feng)使(shi)便(bian)欲(yu)迎丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),而戎狄难亲(qin),还期未克。愚谓宜(yi)(yi)依东关故(gu)事(shi),在(zai)此国内者(zhe),并应释除(chu)縗麻,毁灵(ling)附祭(ji),若(ruo)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)柩(jiu)得(de)还,别(bie)行改葬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。自(zi)天下寇乱(luan),西朝(chao)倾覆,流播绝(jue)(jue)域(yu),情礼(li)(li)(li)莫申,若(ruo)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,谅非一二(er),宁可(ke)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)期无(wu)数(shu)(shu)(shu),而弗(fu)除(chu)衰(shuai)服(fu),朝(chao)庭(ting)自(zi)应为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限制,以(yi)义断恩,通访博识,折(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)衷。”德藻依洙议,奏(zou)可(ke)。
世祖即(ji)位,迁通直(zhi)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi),侍(shi)东宫读(du)。寻兼尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)左丞(cheng)(cheng),领扬州大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)正,迁光禄(lu)卿,侍(shi)读(du)如(ru)(ru)故。废帝嗣位,重为通直(zhi)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi),兼尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)左丞(cheng)(cheng)。迁戎(rong)昭将军、轻(qing)(qing)车(che)衡(heng)阳王(wang)长(zhang)(zhang)史(shi),行(xing)府(fu)国事(shi)(shi),带(dai)琅邪、彭城(cheng)二(er)(er)郡(jun)丞(cheng)(cheng)。梁代(dai)旧(jiu)律(lv),测(ce)(ce)(ce)囚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),日一(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),起自晡鼓(gu)(gu),尽于(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)更(geng)。及(ji)(ji)比部郎范(fan)泉(quan)(quan)删(shan)定(ding)律(lv)令,以(yi)(yi)旧(jiu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)测(ce)(ce)(ce)立(li)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)久(jiu),非(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所堪(kan),分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)数,日再上(shang)(shang)(shang)。廷(ting)尉以(yi)(yi)为新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)过轻(qing)(qing),请集(ji)八座丞(cheng)(cheng)郎并(bing)(bing)祭(ji)酒(jiu)孔奂、行(xing)事(shi)(shi)沈(shen)(shen)洙五(wu)舍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)会尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)省详(xiang)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高宗录尚(shang)(shang)书(shu),集(ji)众议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),都官尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)周(zhou)(zhou)弘(hong)正曰:“未知狱(yu)所测(ce)(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),有(you)(you)几(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)款(kuan)(kuan)?几(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)?须前(qian)责取人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)及(ji)(ji)数并(bing)(bing)其(qi)(qi)罪(zui)(zui)目,然后(hou)(hou)更(geng)集(ji)。”得廷(ting)尉监沈(shen)(shen)仲由列称,别制(zhi)(zhi)已后(hou)(hou),有(you)(you)寿羽儿(er)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)坐杀(sha)寿慧,刘磊渴等(deng)八人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)坐偷马仗家口(kou)渡北,依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)测(ce)(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),限(xian)讫(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)。刘道(dao)朔坐犯七改偷,依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)测(ce)(ce)(ce)立(li),首(shou)尾二(er)(er)日而(er)(er)款(kuan)(kuan)。陈法(fa)(fa)(fa)满坐被使封藏、阿法(fa)(fa)(fa)受钱,未及(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)款(kuan)(kuan)。弘(hong)正议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:“凡小(xiao)(xiao)大(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu),必应以(yi)(yi)情,正言(yan)依(yi)准五(wu)听,验其(qi)(qi)虚实(shi),岂(qi)可全恣考掠(lve),以(yi)(yi)判刑罪(zui)(zui)。且测(ce)(ce)(ce)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)节,本非(fei)(fei)古(gu)制(zhi)(zhi),近代(dai)已来,方有(you)(you)此法(fa)(fa)(fa)。起自晡鼓(gu)(gu),迄于(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)更(geng),岂(qi)是(shi)常(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所能堪(kan)忍?所以(yi)(yi)重械之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,危堕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),无(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu),诬枉(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多。朝晚二(er)(er)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等(deng)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)数,进退而(er)(er)求,于(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)为衷。若(ruo)(ruo)谓小(xiao)(xiao)促(cu)前(qian)期(qi),致(zhi)实(shi)罪(zui)(zui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伏(fu),如(ru)(ru)复时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)节延长(zhang)(zhang),则无(wu)愆(qian)妄款(kuan)(kuan)。且人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所堪(kan),既(ji)有(you)(you)强(qiang)弱,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立(li)意,固亦多途(tu)。至(zhi)如(ru)(ru)贯高榜笞刺(ci)爇,身无(wu)完者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),戴(dai)就熏针并(bing)(bing)极,困(kun)笃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移,岂(qi)关(guan)(guan)(guan)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)长(zhang)(zhang)短(duan),掠(lve)测(ce)(ce)(ce)优劣(lie)?夫与杀(sha)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辜,宁失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)经(jing),罪(zui)(zui)疑惟轻(qing)(qing),功疑惟重,斯(si)(si)则古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣王(wang),垂此明(ming)(ming)(ming)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。愚(yu)谓依(yi)范(fan)泉(quan)(quan)著(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)为允。”舍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)盛权议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:“比部范(fan)泉(quan)(quan)新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi),尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)周(zhou)(zhou)弘(hong)正明(ming)(ming)(ming)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),咸(xian)允《虞书(shu)》惟轻(qing)(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,《殷颂(song)》敷正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)。窃寻廷(ting)尉监沈(shen)(shen)仲由等(deng)列新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),凡有(you)(you)狱(yu)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)(qi)所测(ce)(ce)(ce)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)。愚(yu)谓染罪(zui)(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)囚,狱(yu)官宜(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)加辩析,穷考事(shi)(shi)理(li)。若(ruo)(ruo)罪(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)可疑,自宜(yi)启审(shen)分(fen)(fen)判,幸无(wu)滥测(ce)(ce)(ce);若(ruo)(ruo)罪(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)实(shi)验,乃可启审(shen)测(ce)(ce)(ce)立(li);此则枉(wang)(wang)直(zhi)有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen),刑宥斯(si)(si)理(li)。范(fan)泉(quan)(quan)今(jin)(jin)牒(die)述《汉律(lv)》,云‘死罪(zui)(zui)及(ji)(ji)除名(ming),罪(zui)(zui)证(zheng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)白(bai),考掠(lve)已至(zhi),而(er)(er)抵隐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),处(chu)当(dang)列上(shang)(shang)(shang)’。杜预注云‘处(chu)当(dang),证(zheng)验明(ming)(ming)(ming)白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang),列其(qi)(qi)抵隐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意’。窃寻旧(jiu)制(zhi)(zhi)深峻,百中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi),新(xin)制(zhi)(zhi)宽优,十(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)九(jiu),参会两文(wen)(wen),宽猛(meng)实(shi)异,处(chu)当(dang)列上(shang)(shang)(shang),未见厘(li)革。愚(yu)谓宜(yi)付典法(fa)(fa)(fa),更(geng)详(xiang)‘处(chu)当(dang)列上(shang)(shang)(shang)’之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。”洙议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:“夜(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)测(ce)(ce)(ce)立(li),缓(huan)急易(yi)欺,兼用(yong)昼(zhou)漏(lou)(lou),于(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)为允。但漏(lou)(lou)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)赊促(cu),今(jin)(jin)古(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),《汉书(shu)·律(lv)历》,何承天(tian)、祖冲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、釭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父子《漏(lou)(lou)经(jing)》,并(bing)(bing)自关(guan)(guan)(guan)鼓(gu)(gu)至(zhi)下鼓(gu)(gu),自晡鼓(gu)(gu)至(zhi)关(guan)(guan)(guan)鼓(gu)(gu),皆十(shi)(shi)三刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),冬(dong)夏(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异。若(ruo)(ruo)其(qi)(qi)日有(you)(you)长(zhang)(zhang)短(duan),分(fen)(fen)在中(zhong)(zhong)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)。今(jin)(jin)用(yong)梁末改漏(lou)(lou),下鼓(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),分(fen)(fen)其(qi)(qi)短(duan)长(zhang)(zhang),夏(xia)(xia)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,各(ge)十(shi)(shi)七刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),冬(dong)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,各(ge)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。伏(fu)承命旨,刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)勒(le)令,检一(yi)(yi)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)乃同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),而(er)(er)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)等(deng),廷(ting)尉今(jin)(jin)牒(die),以(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)短(duan)促(cu),致(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)款(kuan)(kuan)。愚(yu)意愿去夜(ye)测(ce)(ce)(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昧(mei),从昼(zhou)漏(lou)(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming),斟酌今(jin)(jin)古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),参会二(er)(er)漏(lou)(lou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,舍秋(qiu)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),从夏(xia)(xia)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)晷,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)问寒暑,并(bing)(bing)依(yi)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)至(zhi),朝夕上(shang)(shang)(shang)测(ce)(ce)(ce),各(ge)十(shi)(shi)七刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)漏(lou)(lou),则一(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)多昔四(si)(si)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke),即(ji)用(yong)今(jin)(jin)漏(lou)(lou),则冬(dong)至(zhi)多五(wu)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)。虽冬(dong)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),数刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)侵夜(ye),正是(shi)少(shao)(shao)日,于(yu)(yu)事(shi)(shi)非(fei)(fei)疑。庶(shu)罪(zui)(zui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)漏(lou)(lou)短(duan)而(er)(er)为捍,狱(yu)囚无(wu)以(yi)(yi)在夜(ye)而(er)(er)致(zhi)诬,求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄙意,窃谓允合(he)。”众议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)为宜(yi)依(yi)范(fan)泉(quan)(quan)前(qian)制(zhi)(zhi),高宗曰:“沈(shen)(shen)长(zhang)(zhang)史(shi)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得中(zhong)(zhong),宜(yi)更(geng)博议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。”左丞(cheng)(cheng)宗元饶议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)曰:“窃寻沈(shen)(shen)议(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)非(fei)(fei)顿异范(fan),正是(shi)欲使四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)均其(qi)(qi)刻(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)数,兼斟酌其(qi)(qi)佳,以(yi)(yi)会优剧(ju)。即(ji)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)牒(die)请写还删(shan)定(ding)曹(cao)详(xiang)改前(qian)制(zhi)(zhi)。”高宗依(yi)事(shi)(shi)施行(xing)。
洙以(yi)太(tai)建元年(nian)卒,时年(nian)五(wu)十二。
戚衮(gun),字公文,吴郡盐官人也。祖显,齐给(ji)事中(zhong)。父霸,梁临贺(he)王府中(zhong)兵(bing)参军。衮(gun)少(shao)聪慧,游学京都,受(shou)《三礼(li)》于国子(zi)助教刘文绍,一二年中(zhong),大义略备(bei)。年十(shi)九,梁武帝敕(chi)策《孔子(zi)正(zheng)言》并《周礼(li)》、《礼(li)记》义,衮(gun)对高第。仍除扬州(zhou)祭(ji)酒(jiu)从事史。
就国子博士(shi)宋怀方质《仪(yi)礼(li)》义,怀方北人,自魏(wei)携《仪(yi)礼(li)》、《礼(li)记(ji)》疏,秘惜不传,及将亡,谓家人曰:“吾死(si)后,戚生若赴,便以《仪(yi)礼(li)》、《礼(li)记(ji)》义本付之(zhi),若其不来,即(ji)宜随尸而(er)殡。”其为(wei)儒者推许(xu)如(ru)此。寻(xun)兼太(tai)学博士(shi)。
梁(liang)简文在东宫,召(zhao)衮讲论。又尝置宴(yan)集玄儒(ru)之(zhi)士,先命(ming)道(dao)学互相(xiang)质(zhi)难,次令中庶子徐摛驰骋(cheng)大义(yi),间以(yi)剧谈。摛辞辩(bian)纵横,难以(yi)答(da)抗(kang),诸人慑气,皆失(shi)次序。衮时骋(cheng)义(yi),摛与(yu)往复,衮精采自若,对(dui)答(da)如流,简文深加(jia)叹赏。寻除员(yuan)外(wai)散(san)骑侍郎,又迁员(yuan)外(wai)散(san)骑常侍。敬帝承制,出为江州(zhou)长(zhang)史,仍随沈泰镇南豫州(zhou)。泰之(zhi)奔齐(qi)也,逼衮俱行,后自鄴(ye)下遁还。又随程文季北伐,吕梁(liang)军(jun)败,衮没(mei)于周,久之(zhi)得归。仍兼(jian)国子助教,除中卫(wei)始(shi)兴王(wang)府(fu)录(lu)事参军(jun)。太建(jian)十三年卒,时年六十三。
衮于(yu)梁代(dai)撰《三礼义记》,值乱亡失,《礼记义》四十(shi)卷行于(yu)世。
郑灼,字茂(mao)昭,东阳信(xin)安人也。祖(zu)惠,梁(liang)衡(heng)阳太守。父季徽,通直散骑(qi)侍郎、建安令。灼幼(you)而聪敏,励志儒学,少受(shou)业于皇侃(kan)。梁(liang)中大通五(wu)年,释褐(he)奉朝请。累(lei)迁(qian)员(yuan)外散骑(qi)侍郎、给事(shi)中、安东临(lin)川王府(fu)记室参(can)军,转平西邵陵王府(fu)记室。简文在东宫,雅爱经术,引灼为(wei)西省义学士。承圣中,除通直散骑(qi)侍郎,兼(jian)国子博士。寻为(wei)威戎将(jiang)军,兼(jian)中书通事(shi)舍人。高(gao)祖(zu)、世祖(zu)之世,历安东临(lin)川、镇(zhen)北鄱阳二(er)王府(fu)谘议(yi)参(can)军,累(lei)迁(qian)中散大夫,以本职兼(jian)国子博士。未拜(bai),太建十三年卒,时年六十八(ba)。
灼(zhuo)性精(jing)勤(qin),尤(you)明(ming)《三礼(li)》。少(shao)时(shi)尝梦(meng)与皇侃(kan)遇于途,侃(kan)谓灼(zhuo)曰(yue)“郑郎开口(kou)”,侃(kan)因唾(tuo)灼(zhuo)口(kou)中,自后义(yi)理逾进。灼(zhuo)家贫,抄义(yi)疏以日继夜,笔毫尽,每(mei)削用之。灼(zhuo)常蔬(shu)食,讲授多苦心(xin)热,若瓜时(shi),辄偃卧(wo)以瓜镇(zhen)心(xin),起(qi)便诵读,其(qi)笃志如(ru)此。
时(shi)有晋(jin)陵张崖、吴(wu)郡陆诩(xu)、吴(wu)兴沈(shen)德(de)威、会稽(ji)贺德(de)基,俱以礼学(xue)自命。
张崖(ya)传(chuan)《三礼(li)》于(yu)同郡刘文绍,仕梁历王府中记室。天嘉元年(nian),为(wei)尚(shang)书仪曹郎,广沈(shen)文阿《仪注》,撰五礼(li)。出(chu)为(wei)丹阳令、王府谘议参(can)军(jun)。御史中丞宗元饶表荐为(wei)国子(zi)博士。
陆诩(xu)少习崔灵(ling)恩(en)《三礼义宗》,梁(liang)世百济国表求讲礼博(bo)士,诏令诩(xu)行。还(hai)除给事中(zhong)、定(ding)阳令。天嘉(jia)初,侍始兴(xing)王伯茂(mao)读,迁尚书祠(ci)部郎中(zhong)。
沈德威字怀(huai)远,少有操行。梁太(tai)清末,遁(dun)于天目山,筑(zhu)室以居,虽(sui)处(chu)乱离(li),而(er)笃学无倦(juan),遂治(zhi)经业。天嘉元(yuan)年(nian),征出都,侍太(tai)子讲《礼(li)传》。寻授太(tai)学博士,转国(guo)子助教(jiao)。每自学还私室以讲授,道俗受业者数(shu)十(shi)百(bai)人,率常如(ru)此。迁太(tai)常丞,兼(jian)五礼(li)学士,寻为尚书(shu)仪曹郎,后为祠部郎。俄丁母忧去职。祯(zhen)明三年(nian)入隋,官至秦王府主簿。年(nian)五十(shi)五卒(zu)。
贺德基字承(cheng)业,世(shi)传《礼》学(xue)(xue)。祖文发,父淹,仕(shi)梁俱为祠(ci)部(bu)郎(lang),并有名(ming)当世(shi)。德基少游学(xue)(xue)于京(jing)邑,积年不(bu)归,衣(yi)资罄(qing)乏(fa),又(you)耻(chi)服(fu)故(gu)弊,盛冬止衣(yi)裌襦袴。尝(chang)于白(bai)马寺前逢一妇人(ren),容服(fu)甚盛,呼德基入(ru)寺门,脱白(bai)纶巾以(yi)赠之。仍谓德基曰:“君方为重(zhong)器(qi),不(bu)久贫寒,故(gu)以(yi)此相遗耳。”德基问妪姓名(ming),不(bu)答而去。德基于《礼记》称为精明(ming),居以(yi)传授,累迁(qian)尚书祠(ci)部(bu)郎(lang)。德基虽不(bu)至大官,而三世(shi)儒学(xue)(xue),俱为祠(ci)部(bu),时论美其(qi)不(bu)坠(zhui)焉。
全缓,字弘(hong)立,吴郡钱(qian)塘人(ren)也。幼(you)受《易(yi)》于博士(shi)褚仲都,笃(du)志研玩(wan),得其精微。梁太清初,历(li)王(wang)国(guo)侍(shi)郎(lang)、奉朝请(qing),俄转国(guo)子助教,兼司义郎(lang),专讲《诗》、《易(yi)》。绍泰元年,除尚(shang)书水部郎(lang)。太建中(zhong),累迁镇南(nan)始兴王(wang)府谘议参军,随府诣湘州,以疾卒,时(shi)年七十四。缓治《周易(yi)》、《老庄》,时(shi)人(ren)言玄者咸推(tui)之。
张讥(ji),字直(zhi)言(yan),清河武城人也。祖(zu)僧宝,梁(liang)散(san)骑侍(shi)郎(lang)、太子洗(xi)马(ma)。父(fu)仲悦,梁(liang)庐(lu)陵(ling)王府(fu)录事(shi)参(can)军、尚书(shu)祠部郎(lang)中(zhong)。讥(ji)幼聪(cong)俊(jun),有(you)思理(li),年十(shi)四,通(tong)《孝经》、《论(lun)语》。笃(du)好玄言(yan),受学于(yu)汝南(nan)周弘(hong)正,每有(you)新意,为先辈推伏。梁(liang)大同中(zhong),召补国子《正言(yan)》生。梁(liang)武帝尝于(yu)文德殿(dian)释《乾》、《坤》文言(yan),讥(ji)与(yu)陈郡(jun)袁宪等(deng)预焉(yan),敕令(ling)论(lun)议(yi),诸儒莫敢先出,讥(ji)乃整容而进,谘审(shen)循(xun)环,辞令(ling)温雅(ya)。梁(liang)武帝甚异之,赐裙(qun)襦绢(juan)等(deng),仍云“表卿稽古之力”。
讥幼丧(sang)母,有错彩经帕(pa),即母之(zhi)遗制,及有所识(shi),家人具以告之(zhi),每(mei)岁时辄对帕(pa)哽噎,不能自胜。及丁父(fu)忧(you),居丧(sang)过礼。服阕,召补湘东王国左常侍,转田曹(cao)参军,迁士(shi)林馆学士(shi)。
简文(wen)在东宫,出士林馆发《孝经》题(ti),讥(ji)论议(yi)往(wang)复(fu),甚见(jian)嗟赏,自是每有讲集,必(bi)遣使召讥(ji)。及(ji)侯景寇逆,于围城(cheng)之中(zhong),犹侍哀太子(zi)于武德(de)后殿(dian)讲《老(lao)》、《庄(zhuang)》。梁台陷,讥(ji)崎岖避难,卒不事景,景平(ping),历(li)临安令。
高祖受禅,除太常丞,转(zhuan)始兴王(wang)府(fu)(fu)刑狱(yu)参军。天嘉中,迁国子助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)教。是(shi)时周弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)在国学(xue),发《周易》题,弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)第(di)四弟弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦在讲席。讥(ji)(ji)与弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)论议,弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)乃(nai)屈,弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)坐厉声,助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)其申理。讥(ji)(ji)乃(nai)正(zheng)色谓弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“今日义集(ji),辩正(zheng)名理,虽知(zhi)兄弟急难,四公不得有助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。”弘(hong)(hong)(hong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“仆(pu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)君(jun)师(shi),何为不可(ke)?”举座以为笑乐(le)。弘(hong)(hong)(hong)正(zheng)尝谓人曰:“吾每登(deng)座,见张讥(ji)(ji)在席,使(shi)入懔然。”高宗(zong)世,历(li)建(jian)安王(wang)府(fu)(fu)记室参军,兼东宫学(xue)士,转(zhuan)武陵王(wang)限内记室,学(xue)士如(ru)故。
后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)在东宫(gong)(gong),集宫(gong)(gong)僚(liao)置宴(yan),时造玉柄麈尾新(xin)成,后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)亲执之,曰:“当今虽复多(duo)士(shi)如林,至于(yu)堪捉此(ci)者,独张讥(ji)耳。”即(ji)(ji)手(shou)授讥(ji)。仍令于(yu)温文(wen)殿(dian)讲《庄(zhuang)》、《老(lao)》,高宗幸宫(gong)(gong)临(lin)听(ting),赐御所服衣(yi)一袭。后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)嗣位,领南平王府谘(zi)议(yi)参军、东宫(gong)(gong)学(xue)士(shi)。寻迁(qian)国子博(bo)士(shi),学(xue)士(shi)如故(gu)。后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)尝幸钟(zhong)山开(kai)善寺,召(zhao)从臣坐于(yu)寺西南松林下(xia),敕(chi)召(zhao)讥(ji)竖义。时索麈尾未至,后(hou)(hou)主(zhu)敕(chi)取松枝,手(shou)以属讥(ji),曰“可代(dai)麈尾”。顾谓群臣曰 “此(ci)即(ji)(ji)是张讥(ji)后(hou)(hou)事”。祯明三年入(ru)隋,终于(yu)长安,时年七十六。
讥(ji)性恬(tian)静,不(bu)求荣(rong)利,常(chang)慕(mu)闲逸,所居(ju)宅营山池(chi),植(zhi)花果(guo),讲《周易》、《老》、《庄(zhuang)》而教授焉(yan)。吴郡(jun)陆(lu)元(yuan)朗、硃孟博、一乘寺沙门法才、法云寺沙门慧休、至真观(guan)道士姚绥(sui),皆(jie)传其业。讥(ji)所撰《周易义(yi)》三十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《尚书义(yi)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)卷(juan)(juan),《毛(mao)诗(shi)义(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《孝经义(yi)》八卷(juan)(juan),《论语(yu)义(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《老子(zi)义(yi)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)一卷(juan)(juan),《庄(zhuang)子(zi)内篇义(yi)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)卷(juan)(juan),《外(wai)篇义(yi)》二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《杂(za)篇义(yi)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)卷(juan)(juan),《玄(xuan)部通义(yi)》十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)卷(juan)(juan),又撰《游(you)玄(xuan)桂林》二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四卷(juan)(juan),后主尝敕人就其家写入秘(mi)阁(ge)。
子(zi)孝则,官至始(shi)安王记室(shi)参军。
顾(gu)越(yue),字思南(nan),吴郡盐官(guan)人(ren)也。所居新坡黄冈,世(shi)有乡校,由是顾(gu)氏多(duo)儒学焉。越(yue)少(shao)孤,以勤苦(ku)自立(li),聪慧有口辩,说《毛氏诗(shi)》,傍通(tong)异义(yi),梁太子詹(zhan)事周舍甚赏之(zhi)。解褐扬州议(yi)曹史,兼太子左率丞。越(yue)于(yu)义(yi)理(li)精明,尤(you)善(shan)持论,与(yu)会稽贺文发(fa)俱为(wei)梁南(nan)平王伟所重(zhong),引为(wei)宾客。寻补《五经》博士(shi)(shi)。绍泰(tai)元年(nian),迁国子博士(shi)(shi)。世(shi)祖即位,除(chu)始(shi)兴(xing)王谘议(yi)参军,侍东(dong)宫读。世(shi)祖以越(yue)笃老,厚遇之(zhi),除(chu)给事黄门侍郎,又领(ling)国子博士(shi)(shi),侍读如(ru)故(gu)。废帝(di)嗣立(li),除(chu)通(tong)直散(san)骑常(chang)侍、中书(shu)舍人(ren)。华皎之(zhi)构逆也,越(yue)在东(dong)阳,或谮之(zhi)于(yu)高宗,言其(qi)有异志,诏(zhao)下(xia)狱,因坐免。太建(jian)元年(nian)卒于(yu)家,时年(nian)七十八。
时有东阳(yang)龚(gong)孟(meng)舒者(zhe),亦治《毛氏诗》,善谈名理。梁武(wu)世,仕至寻阳(yang)郡丞,元(yuan)帝(di)在江州,遇之甚重,躬(gong)师事(shi)焉。承圣(sheng)中,兼(jian)中书舍人。天嘉初,除员外散骑常侍,兼(jian)国子(zi)助教、太中大夫。太建(jian)中卒。
沈不(bu)害,字孝和,吴兴(xing)武康(kang)人也。祖总,齐尚书祠(ci)部郎。父懿,梁(liang)邵陵(ling)王参军。不(bu)害幼孤(gu),而修立好学。十四召补国(guo)子(zi)生(sheng),举明经(jing)。累迁梁(liang)太(tai)学博士。转(zhuan)庐陵(ling)王府(fu)刑(xing)狱(yu)参军,长沙王府(fu)谘议,带汝(ru)南令。天嘉(jia)初,除衡阳王府(fu)中记室(shi)参军,兼嘉(jia)德殿学士。自梁(liang)季(ji)丧乱(luan),至是(shi)国(guo)学未(wei)立,不(bu)害上书曰:
臣闻立人建国(guo),莫(mo)尚于尊儒,成(cheng)俗化民(min),必崇于教学。故东胶西序(xu),事隆乎三代,环林璧水(shui),业(ye)盛于两京(jing)。自淳源既远,浇(jiao)波已(yi)扇,物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感人无穷,人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逐欲无节,是(shi)以设(she)训(xun)垂范(fan),启导心灵,譬彼染(ran)蓝,类诸琢玉,然(ran)后人伦以睦,卑高有(you)序(xu),忠(zhong)孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理既明,君臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道攸固。执(zhi)礼(li)自基,鲁公所(suo)以难侮,歌乐已(yi)细,郑伯(bo)于是(shi)前亡,干(gan)戚舞而有(you)苗至,泮宫(gong)成(cheng)而淮夷服(fu),长想洙、泗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,载怀(huai)淹(yan)、稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛,有(you)国(guo)有(you)家,莫(mo)不尚已(yi)。
梁太清季(ji)年,数钟否(fou)剥,戎狄外侵,奸(jian)回(hui)内[B192],朝闻(wen)鼓鼙,夕炤烽(feng)火。洪(hong)儒硕学,解散甚(shen)于坑(keng)夷,《五典》、《九丘》,湮灭逾乎(hu)帷盖。成均自斯坠业,瞽宗于是不修,裒成之祠弗陈(chen)稞(ke)享,释(shi)菜之礼无称俎豆,颂声寂寞,遂逾一纪。后生敦悦(yue),不见函杖之仪,晚(wan)学钻(zuan)仰,徒深倚席之叹。
陛(bi)下(xia)继(ji)历升统(tong),握镜临宇,道洽寰中,威加无(wu)外,浊(zhuo)流已清,重氛载廓,含生(sheng)熙阜,品庶咸(xian)亨。宜其弘振礼乐,建立庠序(xu),式稽(ji)古(gu)典,纡迹儒宫,选公卿门子,皆入(ru)于(yu)学,助(zhu)教博士,朝夕讲肄,使(shi)担簦(deng)负(fu)笈(ji),锵(qiang)锵(qiang)接衽,方领(ling)矩步,济济成(cheng)林。如(ru)(ru)切(qie)如(ru)(ru)磋,闻《诗》闻《礼》,一年可以(yi)(yi)功倍(bei),三冬于(yu)是足用。故(gu)能擢秀(xiu)雄州,扬庭(ting)观国(guo),入(ru)仕登朝,资优学以(yi)(yi)自辅,莅(li)官从政,有(you)经业以(yi)(yi)治身(shen),轖(se)驾列庭(ting),青紫拾地。
古(gu)者王世(shi)子(zi)之贵,犹(you)与国子(zi)齿,降(jiang)及汉储(chu),兹(zi)礼不坠(zhui),暨乎两晋(jin),斯事弥隆,所以见师严而道尊者也。皇太(tai)子(zi)天纵生(sheng)知,无(wu)待审喻,犹(you)宜晦迹俯同(tong),专经请业,奠(dian)爵前(qian)师,肃(su)若旧典。昔阙里(li)之堂(tang),草莱自辟,旧宅之内(nei),丝(si)竹流(liu)音(yin),前(qian)圣遗烈,深以炯(jiong)戒。况复(fu)江表无(wu)虞(yu),海外(wai)有截,岂(qi)得不开阐大(da)猷,恢弘至道?宁可使玄(xuan)教(jiao)儒(ru)风,弗兴圣世(shi),盛德大(da)业,遂蕴尧年?臣末学小生(sheng),词无(wu)足算,轻献瞽言(yan),伏增悚惕。
诏(zhao)答曰:“省表闻(wen)之。自(zi)旧章弛废(fei),微言将绝,朕嗣膺宝业,念(nian)在缉熙(xi),而(er)兵革未(wei)息,军国(guo)草创,常恐前(qian)王令典,一朝泯灭。卿才思优洽,文理可求,弘惜大(da)体,殷勤名教,付外(wai)详议,依事施行。”又表改定(ding)乐章,诏(zhao)使制三朝乐歌八首,合二十八曲,行之乐府。
五(wu)年(nian),除(chu)赣令(ling)。入为(wei)(wei)尚书(shu)(shu)仪曹(cao)郎,迁(qian)国子博士,领羽林监,敕治五(wu)礼(li),掌策(ce)文谥议。太建中,除(chu)仁武南康(kang)嗣王府长史,行(xing)丹阳郡(jun)事。转员外散骑(qi)常侍、光禄卿。寻为(wei)(wei)戎昭将军、明威武陵王长史,行(xing)吴兴郡(jun)事。俄入为(wei)(wei)通直散骑(qi)常侍,兼(jian)尚书(shu)(shu)左丞。十二年(nian)卒,时(shi)年(nian)六十三(san)。
不害治经术(shu),善属文(wen)(wen),虽博综(zong)坟典,而家无卷轴(zhou)。每制文(wen)(wen),操笔(bi)立成,曾无寻检。仆射汝南(nan)周弘正常称之曰(yue):“沈(shen)生可谓意圣人(ren)乎!”著治《五礼(li)仪》一百卷,《文(wen)(wen)集》十四卷。
子志道,字崇基,少知名。解褐扬(yang)州主(zhu)簿,寻兼文林(lin)著士,历安东新(xin)蔡王记室参军。祯明三年入(ru)隋。
王(wang)元(yuan)规(gui),字正范,太(tai)原晋阳(yang)人也。祖道宝,齐员外散骑常侍、晋安郡守。父玮,梁武陵王(wang)府中记室参军(jun)。元(yuan)规(gui)八(ba)岁而孤,兄弟三人,随母(mu)(mu)依舅氏往临海郡,时(shi)年十(shi)二(er)。郡土豪(hao)刘(liu)瑱者,资财(cai)巨万,以(yi)女(nv)妻之(zhi)。元(yuan)规(gui)母(mu)(mu)以(yi)其(qi)兄弟幼弱,欲结强援,元(yuan)规(gui)泣请曰:“姻不失亲,古人所(suo)重。岂得苟安异(yi)壤,辄婚非类!”母(mu)(mu)感其(qi)言而止。
元(yuan)规(gui)性孝,事母(mu)甚谨(jin),晨昏未(wei)尝离左右(you)。梁(liang)时(shi)山阴(yin)县有(you)暴(bao)水(shui),流漂居(ju)宅,元(yuan)规(gui)唯有(you)一小船,仓(cang)卒引其(qi)母(mu)妹并孤侄入船,元(yuan)规(gui)自执楫棹(zhao)而去,留(liu)其(qi)男女三(san)人,阁(ge)于树杪,及水(shui)退获(huo)全,时(shi)人皆称其(qi)至行。
元(yuan)规(gui)少(shao)好学,从吴兴沈文阿受业,十八,通《春(chun)秋(qiu)左氏》、《孝经(jing)》、《论语》、《丧服》。梁(liang)中(zhong)大通元(yuan)年,诏策《春(chun)秋(qiu)》,举高第,时名(ming)儒(ru)咸称赏之。起家(jia)湘东王(wang)国左常侍,转员外散骑侍郎(lang)。简(jian)文之在东宫,引(yin)为宾客,每令讲论,甚见优礼。除中(zhong)军(jun)宣城王(wang)府(fu)(fu)记室参军(jun)。及侯景寇乱(luan),携家(jia)属(shu)还会稽。天嘉(jia)中(zhong),除始兴王(wang)府(fu)(fu)功(gong)曹(cao)参军(jun),领国子助教(jiao),转镇东鄱阳(yang)王(wang)府(fu)(fu)记室参军(jun),领助教(jiao)如故(gu)。
后(hou)主(zhu)在东(dong)(dong)宫(gong),引为(wei)学(xue)士,亲(qin)受《礼记》、《左(zuo)传》、《丧服(fu)(fu)》等(deng)义(yi),赏赐优厚。迁国子祭(ji)酒。新安王伯固尝因入宫(gong),适会元(yuan)规将讲,乃启请(qing)执(zhi)经,时论以(yi)为(wei)荣。俄(e)除尚书祠(ci)部(bu)郎。自(zi)梁代诸儒相传为(wei)《左(zuo)氏》学(xue)者,皆(jie)以(yi)贾逵、服(fu)(fu)虔之(zhi)义(yi)难驳杜(du)预,凡一百(bai)八(ba)十条,元(yuan)规引证通(tong)析,无复(fu)疑滞。每国家议吉凶(xiong)大礼,常参(can)预焉。丁(ding)母忧去职,服(fu)(fu)阕,除鄱阳王府(fu)中录事参(can)军(jun),俄(e)转散骑(qi)侍郎,迁南平王府(fu)限内参(can)军(jun)。王为(wei)江州,元(yuan)规随府(fu)之(zhi)镇,四方(fang)学(xue)徒,不远千里来请(qing)道(dao)者,常数十百(bai)人。祯明三年入隋,为(wei)秦王府(fu)东(dong)(dong)阁祭(ji)酒。年七十四,卒(zu)于广(guang)陵(ling)。
元规著《春秋发(fa)题辞》及《义记》十一卷(juan)(juan),《续经(jing)典大义》十四卷(juan)(juan),《孝(xiao)经(jing)义记》两卷(juan)(juan),《左传音》三卷(juan)(juan),《礼(li)记音》两卷(juan)(juan)。
子大业,聪敏知名。
时(shi)有吴(wu)郡陆(lu)庆(qing),少好学,遍知《五(wu)经(jing)》,尤明(ming)《春秋左氏传(chuan)》,节操(cao)甚高(gao)。释褐梁武(wu)陵王(wang)国(guo)右常(chang)侍,历征西府(fu)墨曹行参(can)军,除娄令。值梁季丧乱,乃(nai)覃心释典,经(jing)论靡不(bu)该究。天(tian)嘉初,征为(wei)通直散骑侍郎,不(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)。永阳(yang)王(wang)为(wei)吴(wu)郡太守,闻(wen)其名,欲与相(xiang)见,庆(qing)固辞以(yi)(yi)疾。时(shi)宗人(ren)陆(lu)荣为(wei)郡五(wu)官掾,庆(qing)尝诣焉,王(wang)乃(nai)微服往荣第(di),穿壁以(yi)(yi)观(guan)之。王(wang)谓荣曰:“观(guan)陆(lu)庆(qing)风神凝峻(jun),殆不(bu)可测,严(yan)君(jun)平(ping)、郑子真(zhen)何(he)以(yi)(yi)尚兹。” 鄱(po)阳(yang)、晋(jin)安王(wang)俱以(yi)(yi)记室征,并不(bu)就(jiu)(jiu)。乃(nai)筑室屏居(ju),以(yi)(yi)禅诵为(wei)事,由是(shi)传(chuan)经(jing)受业者(zhe)盖(gai)鲜焉。
史(shi)臣曰(yue):夫砥(di)身(shen)励(li)行,必先经术,树国崇家,率由兹道(dao),故(gu)王政因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)而至治,人伦得之(zhi)(zhi)而攸序。若沈文阿(a)之(zhi)(zhi)徒,各专经授(shou)业,亦(yi)一(yi)代之(zhi)(zhi)鸿儒焉(yan)。文阿(a)加复草(cao)创(chuang)礼仪(yi),盖叔孙通之(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)亚(ya)矣(yi)。
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