曾巩《陈书》目录序
《陈(chen)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》六本纪,三(san)十列传,凡三(san)十六篇,唐散(san)骑(qi)常(chang)侍姚(yao)思廉(lian)(lian)撰(zhuan)。始思廉(lian)(lian)父察(cha)(cha)(cha),梁、陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)史(shi)官(guan)也。录二(er)代之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),未(wei)就而(er)陈(chen)亡。隋文(wen)帝见察(cha)(cha)(cha)甚重之(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)就察(cha)(cha)(cha)访(fang)梁陈(chen)故事(shi),察(cha)(cha)(cha)因以所论载每(mei)一篇成辄(zhe)奏之(zhi)(zhi),而(er)文(wen)帝亦遣虞(yu)世(shi)基就察(cha)(cha)(cha)求其书(shu)(shu)(shu),又未(wei)就而(er)察(cha)(cha)(cha)死。察(cha)(cha)(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)将死,属思廉(lian)(lian)以继其业(ye)。唐兴,武德五年,高祖(zu)以自(zi)魏以来,二(er)百(bai)馀岁,世(shi)统数(shu)更(geng),史(shi)事(shi)放逸(yi),乃诏(zhao)撰(zhuan)次。而(er)思廉(lian)(lian)遂受诏(zhao)为(wei)《陈(chen)书(shu)(shu)(shu)》。久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi),犹不就。贞观三(san)年,遂诏(zhao)论撰(zhuan)于秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)内(nei)省。十年正月壬子,始上之(zhi)(zhi)。
观察(cha)等(deng)之(zhi)为(wei)此书(shu)(shu),历(li)三世,传(chuan)父子(zi),更数(shu)十岁而后乃成,盖其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)难如此。然及其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)既成,与宋(song)、魏、梁、齐(qi)等(deng)书(shu)(shu),世亦传(chuan)之(zhi)者少,故学(xue)(xue)者于其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行事之(zhi)迹,亦罕得而详也(ye)。而其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)亦以罕传(chuan),则自秘府所藏(zang),往(wang)往(wang)脱误(wu)。嘉(jia)祐(you)六(liu)年八月,始诏校雠(chou),使可(ke)镂板(ban)行之(zhi)天下。而臣等(deng)言:“梁、陈等(deng)书(shu)(shu)缺,独馆(guan)阁所藏(zang),恐不(bu)足以定箸。愿诏京师及州县藏(zang)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)家(jia),使悉上之(zhi)。”先(xian)皇(huang)帝(di)为(wei)下其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事。至七年冬,稍稍始集(ji),臣等(deng)以相校。至八年七月,《陈书(shu)(shu)》三十六(liu)篇(pian)者始校定,可(ke)传(chuan)之(zhi)学(xue)(xue)者。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疑者亦不(bu)敢损益,特各书(shu)(shu)疏(shu)于篇(pian)末。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)旧(jiu)无目,列传(chuan)名氏多阙谬(miu),因别(bie)为(wei)目录(lu)一篇(pian),使览者得详焉。
夫陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)陈(chen),盖(gai)偷为(wei)(wei)一(yi)切之(zhi)(zhi)计,非(fei)有(you)先(xian)王经纪礼义风化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)美,制治之(zhi)(zhi)法,可章示后世。然而兼权尚计,明于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)任使,恭俭爱人,则(ze)其始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以兴(xing);惑于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邪(xie)臣,溺于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嬖妾,忘患纵(zong)欲,则(ze)其终(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以亡。兴(xing)亡之(zhi)(zhi)端,莫非(fei)自己(ji)致(zhi)者。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)所(suo)(suo)因(yin)造,以为(wei)(wei)号令威刑职官州郡(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)制,虽其事已浅(qian),然亦(yi)各(ge)施(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)时,皆学者之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)不可不考也。而当时之(zhi)(zhi)士,自争夺诈伪,苟(gou)得(de)(de)偷合之(zhi)(zhi)徒,尚不得(de)(de)不列以为(wei)(wei)世戒;而况(kuang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)坏乱之(zhi)(zhi)中,苍皇之(zhi)(zhi)际,士之(zhi)(zhi)安贫乐义,取舍去(qu)就不为(wei)(wei)患祸势利动其心者,亦(yi)不绝于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其间。若此(ci)人者,可谓笃于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)善焉。盖(gai)古人之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)思见(jian)而不可得(de)(de),《风雨》之(zhi)(zhi)诗所(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)作者也,安可使之(zhi)(zhi)泯泯不少概见(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天下哉!则(ze)陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)史,其可废乎?
盖此(ci)书成之既难,其(qi)后又久(jiu)不显。及宋兴(xing)已百年(nian),古文遗事,靡不毕(bi)讲,而(er)始得盛行(xing)于天下,列于学者,其(qi)传之之难又如此(ci),岂非遭遇固(gu)自有时(shi)也哉(zai)!
臣(chen)恂、臣(chen)穆(mu)、臣(chen)藻、臣(chen)觉、臣(chen)彦(yan)若(ruo)、臣(chen)洙(zhu)、臣(chen)巩谨(jin)叙目录昧死上
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