爱上海

卷二 隐(yin)元年，尽二年

　　◎隐公
　　○陆曰(yue)：“解(jie)，佳买反。旧(jiu)夫子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)经与丘明之(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)各卷(juan)，氏合而(er)释(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)，故曰(yue)《经传(chuan)集解(jie)》。隐公(gong)名息(xi)姑，惠公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)。母，声子(zi)(zi)。谥法：‘不(bu)尸其(qi)位曰(yue)隐。’‘第一’，此(ci)不(bu)题《左氏传(chuan)》，《公(gong)羊》、《穀梁》二传(chuan)既(ji)显姓别之(zhi)(zhi)，此(ci)不(bu)言(yan)自(zi)见(jian)。”

[疏]正义曰：五(wu)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)题(ti)(ti)(ti)篇，皆出(chu)注(zhu)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，人各(ge)有心，故题(ti)(ti)(ti)无常(chang)准。此(ci)本(ben)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)传(chuan)别行，则经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)传(chuan)各(ge)自有题(ti)(ti)(ti)注(zhu)者(zhe)，以(yi)意裁定其(qi)(qi)本(ben)，难可(ke)复知。据今服虔(qian)所注(zhu)，题(ti)(ti)(ti)云(yun)“隐(yin)(yin)(yin)公(gong)左氏(shi)传(chuan)解(jie)(jie)谊第一”，不题(ti)(ti)(ti)“春秋(qiu)”二(er)字，然(ran)则“春秋(qiu)”二(er)字，盖(gai)是经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)题(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)；服言“左氏(shi)传(chuan)”三(san)字，盖(gai)本(ben)传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)题(ti)(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)既集解(jie)(jie)经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)传(chuan)，《春秋(qiu)》此(ci)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大名(ming)，故以(yi)“春秋(qiu)”冠其(qi)(qi)上(shang)。序说(shuo)《左氏(shi)》言巳备悉(xi)，故略去“左氏(shi)”，而(er)(er)为(wei)此(ci)题(ti)(ti)(ti)焉。“经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)传(chuan)集解(jie)(jie)”四(si)字是杜(du)所加，其(qi)(qi)馀皆旧(jiu)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)者(zhe)，常(chang)也(ye)(ye)，言事有典(dian)法可(ke)常(chang)遵用也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)者(zhe)，传(chuan)也(ye)(ye)，博释经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)意，传(chuan)示后人。分(fen)年(nian)相附，集而(er)(er)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“经(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)传(chuan)集解(jie)(jie)”。隐(yin)(yin)(yin)公(gong)，鲁(lu)(lu)君(jun)，侯爵。杜(du)君(jun)采《大史公(gong)书(shu)(shu)》、《世本(ben)》，旁引传(chuan)记(ji)(ji)，以(yi)为(wei)《世族谱(pu)》，略记(ji)(ji)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴灭。《谱(pu)》云(yun)：“鲁(lu)(lu)，姬姓，文王子(zi)周(zhou)公(gong)旦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)公(gong)股肱周(zhou)室(shi)，成(cheng)王封其(qi)(qi)子(zi)伯(bo)禽於(wu)曲阜，为(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)侯，今鲁(lu)(lu)国是也(ye)(ye)。自哀以(yi)下，九世二(er)百(bai)一十(shi)七年(nian)，而(er)(er)楚灭鲁(lu)(lu)。”依《鲁(lu)(lu)世家(jia)》，伯(bo)禽至隐(yin)(yin)(yin)公(gong)凡十(shi)三(san)君(jun)，兄弟(di)相及(ji)者(zhe)五(wu)人。隐(yin)(yin)(yin)公(gong)，名(ming)息姑(gu)，伯(bo)禽七世孙，惠(hui)公(gong)弗皇子(zi)，声子(zi)所生(sheng)，平(ping)王四(si)十(shi)九年(nian)即位，是岁岁在豕韦。《礼记(ji)(ji)·檀弓(gong)》曰：“死谥，周(zhou)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。”周(zhou)法天子(zi)至於(wu)大夫(fu)既死，则累其(qi)(qi)德行而(er)(er)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥。《周(zhou)书(shu)(shu)·谥法》云(yun)：“隐(yin)(yin)(yin)拂不成(cheng)曰隐(yin)(yin)(yin)。”鲁(lu)(lu)实侯爵，而(er)(er)称(cheng)公(gong)者(zhe)，五(wu)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爵虽尊卑(bei)殊号，臣子(zi)尊其(qi)(qi)君(jun)父，皆称(cheng)为(wei)公(gong)，是礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)也(ye)(ye)。字书(shu)(shu)云(yun)“第训(xun)次也(ye)(ye)”。一者(zhe)，数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始。此(ci)卷於(wu)次第当其(qi)(qi)一也(ye)(ye)。

杜氏

[疏]正义(yi)曰：杜(du)(du)(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，名(ming)预(yu)，字元凯，畿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)，恕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。陈寿《魏志》云：“杜(du)(du)(du)畿，字伯(bo)(bo)侯，京兆(zhao)杜(du)(du)(du)陵人也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”汉御史大夫杜(du)(du)(du)延年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。文(wen)帝(di)时(shi)为(wei)尚书(shu)仆射，封乐亭侯。试船(chuan)溺(ni)死，追赠太仆，谥戴侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。恕，字务伯(bo)(bo)，官至幽州(zhou)刺(ci)史。预(yu)，司马宣(xuan)王女婿(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王隐(yin)《晋书(shu)》云：预(yu)，知谋深博，明於治乱(luan)，当称德者非(fei)所企(qi)及，立言立功，预(yu)所庶几(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大观群典，谓《公羊》、《穀梁(liang)》诡辩(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言，又非(fei)先儒(ru)说《左(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)》，未究(jiu)丘明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，横以(yi)二传(chuan)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)错(cuo)综微(wei)言，著《春秋左(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)经传(chuan)集(ji)(ji)》。解又参考众家，为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)释例(li)。又作《盟会图》、《春秋长历》，备成一家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)，至老乃(nai)成。预(yu)有大功名(ming)於晋室，位至征南大将(jiang)军(jun)开(kai)府，封当阳侯，荆州(zhou)刺(ci)史，食邑八(ba)千(qian)户。时(shi)人号为(wei)武库。不(bu)言名(ming)而言氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者，注述(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，义(yi)在谦退，不(bu)欲自(zi)言其名(ming)，故但(dan)言杜(du)(du)(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。毛君(jun)、孔安国、马融(rong)、王肃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，其所注书(shu)皆(jie)称为(wei)传(chuan)，郑玄则(ze)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)注。而此於“杜(du)(du)(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下更无称谓者，以(yi)《集(ji)(ji)解》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)已题在上(shang)，故止(zhi)云“杜(du)(du)(du)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)”而已。刘炫(xuan)云：“不(bu)言名(ming)而云氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者，汉承焚书(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，诸儒(ru)各(ge)载学(xue)名(ming)，不(bu)敢布於天下，但(dan)欲传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)私族，自(zi)题其氏(shi)(shi)(shi)，为(wei)谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞(ci)。”

传惠公元妃孟子。言“元妃”，明始適夫人也。子，宋姓。
　　○惠公(gong)，名不皇。谥法爱(ai)人(ren)好与曰(yue)惠。”其子隐公(gong)，让国之君。元妃(fei)，芳非反。传曰(yue)“嘉(jia)耦(ou)曰(yue)妃(fei)”。適，本又作(zuo)嫡，同，丁历反。

[疏]传“惠公(gong)元(yuan)配孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”。正(zheng)义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：惠公(gong)，名弗皇，孝(xiao)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。谥法(fa)：“爱民(min)好与曰(yue)(yue)(yue)惠。”《释(shi)诂》云(yun)(yun)“元(yuan)，始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，匹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。始(shi)(shi)匹者(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)前未曾娶，而(er)(er)(er)此人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)始(shi)(shi)为匹，故(gu)(gu)(gu)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，明始(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)，名通適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妾(qie)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)传云(yun)(yun)“陈哀(ai)公(gong)元(yuan)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)郑姬生(sheng)悼大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)偃师，二妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生(sheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)留，下妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)生(sheng)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)胜(sheng)”。元(yuan)者(zhe)，始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，兼(jian)始(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)两义，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)“始(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。然则有始(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)非(fei)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，若孟(meng)(meng)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)有適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)非(fei)始(shi)(shi)，若哀(ai)姜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)者(zhe)配匹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，非(fei)有尊卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异。其(qi)(qi)尊卑(bei)殊称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，则《曲礼(li)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)“天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)后，诸侯曰(yue)(yue)(yue)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，大夫(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)孺人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，士(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑玄以(yi)为后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后，盖(gai)执治(zhi)内事(shi)在夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)扶，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能扶成人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；孺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)属，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)系属人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)服，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)服事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)齐(qi)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)与夫(fu)齐(qi)等也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贱，见其(qi)(qi)齐(qi)等也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)上因其(qi)(qi)爵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊卑(bei)为立别号，其(qi)(qi)实皆(jie)配夫(fu)，通以(yi)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)为称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。《少(shao)牢(lao)馈食礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)某(mou)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配某(mou)氏(shi)(shi)”，是(shi)(shi)大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亦(yi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)妃(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟(meng)(meng)仲叔季兄弟姊(zi)(zi)妹，长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别字(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟(meng)(meng)伯(bo)(bo)俱长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)纬》云(yun)(yun)“庶长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)”，然则適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)伯(bo)(bo)，妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)於妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，则称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)为孟(meng)(meng)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)别適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)庶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)杜注(zhu)文十五年(nian)及(ji)《释(shi)例》皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)：“庆(qing)父为长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)庶，故(gu)(gu)(gu)或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)氏(shi)(shi)。”沈氏(shi)(shi)亦(yi)然。案(an)传赵(zhao)(zhao)庄子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，晋景公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)姊(zi)(zi)，则赵(zhao)(zhao)武適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)(er)武称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)赵(zhao)(zhao)孟(meng)(meng)。荀(xun)偃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，士(shi)匄请后，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“郑甥可(ke)”，则荀(xun)吴(wu)妾(qie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)(er)吴(wu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)知伯(bo)(bo)。岂知氏(shi)(shi)常(chang)为適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)伯(bo)(bo)，赵(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)恒(heng)为庶而(er)(er)(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？盖(gai)以(yi)赵(zhao)(zhao)氏(shi)(shi)赵(zhao)(zhao)盾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，盾为庶长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)恒(heng)以(yi)孟(meng)(meng)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，与庆(qing)父同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。推此言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，知知氏(shi)(shi)荀(xun)首之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，传云(yun)(yun)“中行伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季弟”，则俱是(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妻(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。但林(lin)父、荀(xun)首并得立家，故(gu)(gu)(gu)荀(xun)首子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙(sun)亦(yi)从(cong)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或可(ke)春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)不能如礼(li)，孟(meng)(meng)伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)无適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异，盖(gai)从(cong)心(xin)所(suo)(suo)欲而(er)(er)(er)自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。契姓(xing)(xing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，宋是(shi)(shi)殷后，故(gu)(gu)(gu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为宋姓(xing)(xing)。妇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)字(zi)配姓(xing)(xing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

孟子卒，不称薨，不成丧也。无谥，先夫死，不得从夫谥。
　　○谥(shi)，实(shi)至反。

[疏]注“不称”至“夫谥”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰(yue)：鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)皆称(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)举谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，此(ci)独无谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，公卒故(gu)特解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。定(ding)十五年“姒氏(shi)卒”，传曰(yue)“不(bu)成(cheng)丧”，则(ze)知此(ci)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)，亦不(bu)成(cheng)丧也(ye)(ye)(ye)。案传例“不(bu)赴则(ze)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)薨(hong)”，然(ran)则(ze)此(ci)云(yun)不(bu)成(cheng)丧者，正(zheng)谓不(bu)赴於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸侯也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼·小史》“卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧，赐(ci)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，读诔”。止赐(ci)卿(qing)大夫(fu)(fu)，不(bu)赐(ci)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)，则(ze)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)不(bu)当谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)号当系夫(fu)(fu)。《释例》曰(yue)“谥(shi)(shi)(shi)者，兴於(wu)(wu)(wu)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始王，变质从文，於(wu)(wu)(wu)是有讳焉”。传曰(yue)“周人(ren)(ren)以(yi)讳事神，名，终将讳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，故(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)。末世(shi)滋(zi)蔓，降及匹夫(fu)(fu)，爰暨妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)。妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)无外(wai)行，於(wu)(wu)(wu)礼当系夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，以(yi)明所(suo)属。《诗》称(cheng)(cheng)庄(zhuang)姜、宣姜，即(ji)其(qi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是言(yan)(yan)(yan)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)於(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)无谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)取其(qi)夫(fu)(fu)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)冠(guan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上。生以(yi)夫(fu)(fu)国冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，韩姞秦姬是也(ye)(ye)(ye)；死(si)以(yi)夫(fu)(fu)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)冠(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，庄(zhuang)姜定(ding)姒是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。直见此(ci)人(ren)(ren)是某公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妻(qi)，故(gu)从夫(fu)(fu)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，此(ci)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)巳定(ding)，妻(qi)即(ji)从而称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。先夫(fu)(fu)而死(si)，则(ze)夫(fu)(fu)未(wei)有谥(shi)(shi)(shi)，或随宜称(cheng)(cheng)字，故(gu)云(yun)“无谥(shi)(shi)(shi)”，言(yan)(yan)(yan)妇(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)无谥(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“先夫(fu)(fu)死(si)，不(bu)得从夫(fu)(fu)谥(shi)(shi)(shi)”，解其(qi)不(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)“惠(hui)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)正(zheng)法(fa)耳。其(qi)末世(shi)滋(zi)蔓，则(ze)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作谥(shi)(shi)(shi)。景(jing)王未(wei)崩，妻(qi)称(cheng)(cheng)穆(mu)后，如此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类，皆非(fei)礼也(ye)(ye)(ye)。重言(yan)(yan)(yan)孟子者，服虔云(yun)“嫌与惠(hui)公俱(ju)卒”，故(gu)重言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。下仲(zhong)子亦然(ran)。

继室以声子，生隐公。声，谥也。盖孟子之侄娣也。诸侯始娶，则同姓之国以侄娣媵。元妃死，则次妃摄治内事，犹不得称夫人，故谓之继室。
　　○侄，直(zhi)结(jie)反，《字林(lin)》文一反，兄女也。娣，大(da)计反，女弟(di)也。娶，七住反。媵，以(yi)证(zheng)反，又(you)绳证(zheng)反。

[疏(shu)]注(zhu)“声(sheng)(sheng)谥(shi)”至“继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)”。正义曰(yue)：谥(shi)法不生其(qi)国(guo)曰(yue)声(sheng)(sheng)，是(shi)“声(sheng)(sheng)”为谥(shi)也(ye)(ye)。襄二(er)(er)十三(san)(san)年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)称“臧宣叔娶于铸，生贾及为而死，继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)以其(qi)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，则(ze)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皆(jie)得(de)继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)。此既(ji)无(wu)文，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)设(she)疑(yi)(yi)辞云(yun)“盖孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)”。成八年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)：“凡(fan)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯嫁女(nv)，同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)媵(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，异姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)否。”庄十九(jiu)年(nian)《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)：“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯娶一国(guo)，则(ze)二(er)(er)国(guo)往媵(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)从。侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)何(he)？兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)也(ye)(ye)。娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)何(he)？弟(di)也(ye)(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)侯壹聘九(jiu)女(nv)。”然则(ze)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯娶於(wu)三(san)(san)国(guo)，国(guo)别各有(you)三(san)(san)女(nv)。此言诸(zhu)(zhu)侯始娶，则(ze)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)以侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)媵(ying)者(zhe)，欲言媵(ying)者(zhe)亦(yi)(yi)有(you)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，省略(lve)为文耳(er)。其(qi)实夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)与(yu)媵(ying)皆(jie)有(you)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。但声(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)或(huo)(huo)是(shi)孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，或(huo)(huo)是(shi)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)媵(ying)者(zhe)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以其(qi)难明，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)杜(du)两解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。初(chu)云(yun)“孟(meng)(meng)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，又云(yun)“同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)以侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)媵(ying)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《释例(li)(li)》曰(yue)“古者(zhe)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娶，適(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)及左右媵(ying)各有(you)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，皆(jie)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，国(guo)三(san)(san)人(ren)，凡(fan)九(jiu)女(nv)，参(can)骨肉至亲(qin)，所以息阴(yin)讼。阴(yin)讼息，所以广继(ji)(ji)(ji)嗣(si)”，是(shi)其(qi)义也(ye)(ye)。然宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)国(guo)，依《世本》“子(zi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，殷、时、来(lai)、宋、空(kong)同(tong)、黎(li)、比、髦、自(zi)夷、萧(xiao)”，但《春秋》不载其(qi)国(guo)，未知(zhi)宋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)是(shi)何(he)。《释言》云(yun)：“媵(ying)，送(song)也(ye)(ye)。”言妾送(song)適(shi)行(xing)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亦(yi)(yi)称媵(ying)也(ye)(ye)。经传(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说诸(zhu)(zhu)侯，唯有(you)继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)，皆(jie)无(wu)重娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)元妃(fei)死，则(ze)次(ci)妃(fei)摄治(zhi)内事(shi)。次(ci)妃(fei)谓侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)媵(ying)诸(zhu)(zhu)妾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)贵者(zhe)。《释例(li)(li)》曰(yue)“夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)薨(hong)，不更聘，必以侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)媵(ying)继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)”。是(shi)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侄(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与(yu)二(er)(er)媵(ying)皆(jie)可以继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。適(shi)庶交(jiao)争，祸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)，礼(li)所以别嫌明疑(yi)(yi)、防(fang)微杜(du)渐，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)虽摄治(zhi)内事(shi)，犹(you)不得(de)称夫(fu)(fu)(fu)人(ren)，又异於(wu)馀妾，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)继(ji)(ji)(ji)室(shi)(shi)。妻处夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书传(chuan)(chuan)通谓妻为室(shi)(shi)，言继(ji)(ji)(ji)续(xu)元妃(fei)在夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)。

宋武公生仲子，仲子生而有文在其手，曰为“鲁夫人”，故仲子归于我。妇人谓嫁曰归。以手理自然成字，有若天命，故嫁之於鲁。
　　○妇人谓嫁曰归(gui)，本(ben)或无曰字(zi)。此依《公羊传(chuan)》。

[疏]“宋武”至“于我”。正义曰：《宋国公爵谱》云：“宋，子姓，其先契，佐唐虞为司徒，封於商。成汤受命，王有天下。及纣无道，周武王灭之，而封其子武庚以绍殷后。武庚作乱，周公伐而诛之，更封纣兄帝乙之元子微子启为宋公，都商丘。今梁国雎阳县是也。微子卒，其弟微仲代立。穆公七年，鲁隐公之元年也。景公三十六，年鲁哀公之十四年，获麟之岁也。昭公得之元年，《春秋》之传终矣。其后五世百七十年，而齐魏楚共灭宋。”依《宋世家》微子至武公凡十二君，兄弟相及者二人，武公是微仲九世孙。谥法：“克定祸乱曰武”。
　　○注“妇人”至“於鲁”。
　　○正义曰：妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)谓(wei)嫁曰归。隐(yin)二年(nian)《公羊传》文也(ye)(ye)。以其(qi)手(shou)之文理自然成字(zi)，有(you)若(ruo)天(tian)之所命(ming)使为(wei)鲁夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)然，故(gu)嫁之於鲁也(ye)(ye)。成季、唐(tang)叔(shu)亦有(you)文在其(qi)手(shou)曰友、曰虞，“曰”下不(bu)言(yan)“为(wei)”。此(ci)传言(yan)“为(wei)鲁夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)，以宋女而作(zuo)他国之妻(qi)，故(gu)传加“为(wei)”以示异(yi)耳。非(fei)为(wei)手(shou)文有(you)“为(wei)”字(zi)，故(gu)鲁夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)之上(shang)有(you)“为(wei)”字(zi)也(ye)(ye)。仲子手(shou)有(you)此(ci)文，自然成字(zi)，似(si)其(qi)天(tian)命(ming)使然，故(gu)云有(you)若(ruo)天(tian)命(ming)也(ye)(ye)。隶书(shu)起於秦末，手(shou)文必非(fei)隶书(shu)。石经古文虞作(zuo)<从(cong)从(cong)}，鲁作(zuo)，手(shou)文容或(huo)似(si)之。其(qi)“友”及(ji)“夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)”，固当有(you)似(si)之者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。传重(zhong)言(yan)“仲子生(sheng)”者(zhe)，详言(yan)之，与上(shang)重(zhong)言(yan)“孟(meng)子卒”其(qi)义同也(ye)(ye)。旧说云：“若(ruo)河(he)图洛书(shu)天(tian)神言(yan)语，真是天(tian)命(ming)。”此(ci)虽(sui)手(shou)有(you)文理，更(geng)无灵验，又非(fei)梦(meng)天(tian)，故(gu)言(yan)有(you)若(ruo)。

生(sheng)桓公(gong)而(er)惠公(gong)薨，言归鲁而(er)生(sheng)男，惠公(gong)不以(yi)桓生(sheng)之年(nian)薨。

[疏]注“言归”至“年薨”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：杜(du)知(zhi)不以桓(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)薨(hong)者，以元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)传曰(yue)“惠公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薨(hong)也(ye)(ye)，有宋师，大子少(shao)(shao)，葬故有阙”。少(shao)(shao)者，未成人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辞，非新始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。又改葬惠公(gong)而(er)隐(yin)公(gong)不临，使桓(huan)为(wei)主(zhu)。若(ruo)薨(hong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)则才二岁(sui)，未堪为(wei)丧主(zhu)。又羽父(fu)(fu)弑(shi)隐(yin)，与桓(huan)同谋(mou)(mou)。若(ruo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)(shi)十二，亦未堪定弑(shi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋(mou)(mou)。以此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)知(zhi)桓(huan)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)非惠公(gong)薨(hong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长幼，理(li)无所(suo)异，杜(du)言此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者，欲明庆父(fu)(fu)为(wei)庄公(gong)庶兄，故显言此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)以张本(ben)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)“今推案传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下，羽父(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弑(shi)隐(yin)公(gong)，皆谘谋(mou)(mou)於桓(huan)，然则桓(huan)公(gong)巳成人也(ye)(ye)。传云‘生(sheng)(sheng)桓(huan)公(gong)而(er)惠公(gong)薨(hong)’，指明仲子唯有此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)男，非谓生(sheng)(sheng)在薨(hong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。桓(huan)巳成人而(er)弑(shi)隐(yin)，即位乃娶於齐，自应(ying)有长庶，长庶，故氏曰(yue)孟(meng)”。是(shi)杜(du)张本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)。

是以隐公立而奉之。隐公，继室之子，当嗣世，以祯祥之故，追成父志。为桓尚少，是以立为大子，帅国人奉之，为经“元年春”不书即位传。
　　○祯音(yin)(yin)贞。为(wei)桓，于伪反。少，诗(shi)照反。大(da)(da)音(yin)(yin)泰。旧“太”字(zi)皆(jie)作“大(da)(da)”。后(hou)“大(da)(da)”字(zi)皆(jie)放(fang)此。为(wei)经，于伪反。后(hou)凡为(wei)经为(wei)传张本起本之例，皆(jie)放(fang)此，更不(bu)音(yin)(yin)。

[疏]注“隐公”至“位传”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：继室(shi)虽(sui)非夫人(ren)，而(er)贵於(wu)(wu)(wu)诸妾(qie)。惠(hui)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)立大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，母贵则(ze)(ze)宜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)。隐(yin)(yin)公(gong)当嗣(si)父(fu)(fu)世，正以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祯祥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)手有(you)夫人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，其父(fu)(fu)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夫人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)追成父(fu)(fu)志，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)让桓。但为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)桓年(nian)(nian)少，未堪(kan)多难，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立桓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)，帅国(guo)(guo)人(ren)而(er)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。已则(ze)(ze)且摄君(jun)(jun)位(wei)，待其年(nian)(nian)长，故(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)岁首不(bu)(bu)即君(jun)(jun)位(wei)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)“元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前预发此语者(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经不(bu)(bu)书公(gong)“即位(wei)”传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。是(shi)谓(wei)先经以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)始事也(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)称(cheng)“传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”者(zhe)，皆(jie)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经。唯文五年(nian)(nian)“霍(huo)伯(bo)臼季等卒”，注(zhu)云(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)蒐於(wu)(wu)(wu)夷传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)”者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)“蒐於(wu)(wu)(wu)夷”与此文次相接，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)得言(yan)张(zhang)本也(ye)(ye)。或言(yan)张(zhang)本，或言(yan)起(qi)(qi)本，或言(yan)起(qi)(qi)，检其上(shang)下，事同文异，疑杜(du)随便而(er)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)众(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隐(yin)(yin)公(gong)摄立为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)，奉(feng)(feng)(feng)桓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。案传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)言(yan)立而(er)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)先“立后(hou)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”也(ye)(ye)。若隐(yin)(yin)公(gong)先立乃(nai)后(hou)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)桓，则(ze)(ze)隐(yin)(yin)立之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时未有(you)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，隐(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)复何所(suo)摄？若先奉(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)乃(nai)后(hou)摄立，不(bu)(bu)得云(yun)“立而(er)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)郑(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谬也(ye)(ye)。贾逵以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隐(yin)(yin)立桓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，奉(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)。隐(yin)(yin)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)即位(wei)，称(cheng)公(gong)改元(yuan)，号令於(wu)(wu)(wu)臣子(zi)(zi)(zi)，朝正於(wu)(wu)(wu)宗庙(miao)，言(yan)立桓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)可矣，安在(zai)其奉(feng)(feng)(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)乎？是(shi)贾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妄也(ye)(ye)。襄二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)齐景公(gong)立，传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)云(yun)“崔杼立而(er)相之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此知(zhi)“立而(er)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”谓(wei)立为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，帅国(guo)(guo)人(ren)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，正谓(wei)奉(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)曰“大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)少”，是(shi)立为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，父(fu)(fu)在(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)，今(jin)惠(hui)公(gong)巳薨而(er)言(yan)立为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其未堪(kan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)，仍处(chu)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《礼记·曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)问》曰“君(jun)(jun)薨而(er)世子(zi)(zi)(zi)生”，是(shi)君(jun)(jun)薨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)仍可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)称(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)。

经元年，春，王正月。隐公之始年，周王之正月也。凡人君即位，欲其体元以居正，故不言一年一月也。隐虽不即位，然摄行君事，故亦朝庙告朔也。告朔朝正例在襄二十九年，即位例在隐、庄、闵、僖元年。
　　○朝，直遥(yao)反。下(xia)同(tong)。

[疏]经“元年，春，王正月”。
　　○正义曰：此“经”字并下“传”字亦杜氏所题，以分年相附。若不有“经”字，何以异传？不有“传”字，何以别经？又《公羊》、《穀梁》二传，年上皆无“经”、“传”字，故知杜所题也。《释诂》云“元，始也”；“正，长也”。此公之始年，故称元年。此年之长月，故称正月。言“王正月”者，王者革前代，驭天下，必改正朔，易服色，以变人视听。夏以建寅之月为正，殷以建丑之月为正，周以建子之月为正，三代异制，正朔不同，故《礼记·檀弓》云：“夏后氏尚黑，殷人尚白，周人尚赤。”郑康成依据纬候以正朔三而改，自古皆相变。如孔安国以自古皆用建寅为正，唯殷革夏命而用建丑，周革殷命而用建子。杜无明说，未知所从。正是时王所建，故以“王”字冠之，言是今王之正月也。“王”不在“春”上者，月改则春移，春非王所改，故“王”不先“春”。“王”必连月，故“王”处“春”下。周以建子为正，则周之二月三月皆是前世之正月也，故於春每月书“王”。王二月者，言是我王之二月，乃殷之正月也。王三月者，言是我王之三月，乃夏之正月也。既有正朔之异故每月称王以别之何休云：“二月三月皆有王者，二月殷之正月也。三月夏之正月也。王者存二王之后，使统其正朔，服其服色，行其礼乐，所以尊先圣，通三统，师法之义，恭让之礼。”服虔亦云“孔子作《春秋》，於春每月书‘王’，以统三王之正”。其意以为“王二月”、“王三月”，王是夏殷之王，谓大禹成汤也。为周室之臣民，尊夏殷之旧主，每月书“王”，敬奉前代，揆之人情，未见其可。杞、宋，二王之后，各行已祖正朔。宋不行夏，杞不行殷，而使天下诸侯遍视二代，考诸典籍，未之或闻。杞、宋不奉周正，周人悉尊夏殷，则是重过去而忽当今，尊亡国而慢时主，其为颠倒，不亦甚乎！且经之所言“王二月”、“王三月”，若是夏殷之王，当自皆言正月，何以言“王二月”、“王三月”乎？谓之二月三月，其王必是周王，安得以为夏殷王也？若如《公羊》之说，《春秋》黜周王鲁，则杞非王后，夏无可尊，复通夏正何也？但春之三月，不必月皆有事，若入年巳有“王正月”者，则二月不复书“王”；若巳有“王二月”者，则三月不复书“王”。以其上月巳是此王之月，则下月从而可知，故每年之春唯一言“王”耳。《春秋》之例，竟时无事，乃书首月以记时，此下二月有会盟之事，则不得空书首月也。正月无事而空书首月者，以人君於始年初月必朝庙告朔，因即人君之位，以继臣子之心，故君之始年必书曰“元年春王正月”。公即位，史策之正法也。隐公摄行君事，虽不即位，而亦改元朝庙，与人更始，异於常年之正月，故史特书其事，见此月公宜即位，而自不即位，庄、闵、僖元年，皆书“春王正月”，与此同也。定公元年不书正月者，正月之时定公未立，即位在於六月，岁首未得朝正，公之即位别见下文，正月无所可见，故不书也。然则定以六月即位，即位乃可改元。正月巳称元年者，未改之日，必乘前君之年；既改之后，方以元年纪事。及其史官定策，虽有一统，不可半年从前，半年从后，虽非年初，亦统此岁，故入年即称元也。《释例》曰：“‘癸亥，公之丧至自乾侯。戊辰，公即位。’丧在外，逾年乃入，故因五日改殡之节，国史用元年即位之礼，因以此年为元年也。”古法既然，故汉魏以来，虽秋冬改元，史於春夏即以元年冠之，是有因於古也。受命之王必改正朔，继世之王奉而行之，每岁颁於诸侯，诸侯受王正朔，故言“春王正月”，王即当时之王。序云“所书之王即平王”，是其事也。《公羊传》曰“王者孰谓？谓文王也”。始改正朔，自是文王所为，颁於诸侯，非复文王之历，受今王之历，称文王之正，非其义也。
　　○注“隐公”至“元年”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰：传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王(wang)(wang)周(zhou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)”，知是(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说(shuo)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬》称黄帝(di)受(shou)(shou)图有五(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，谓此(ci)五(wu)(wu)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)於(wu)《左氏(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，虽无此(ci)文，而(er)(er)五(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，亦(yi)於(wu)杜(du)无害。此(ci)非(fei)《左氏(shi)(shi)》褒贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要，自是(shi)(shi)(shi)史(shi)(shi)官记事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti)(ti)，故(gu)(gu)晋宋诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)(shi)皆言(yan)(yan)(yan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)王(wang)(wang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)帝(di)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，实(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)别(bie)立名，故(gu)(gu)解(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡人(ren)(ren)君(jun)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。言(yan)(yan)(yan)欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)实(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，但因名以(yi)(yi)广之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)君(jun)执大(da)(da)本，长(zhang)(zhang)庶物，欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)与(yu)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)同体(ti)(ti)，故(gu)(gu)年(nian)(nian)称元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，直方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间语也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，直其(qi)(qi)行(xing)，方其(qi)(qi)义。人(ren)(ren)君(jun)当执直心，杖大(da)(da)义，欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)常(chang)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道，故(gu)(gu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)称正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)，岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，故(gu)(gu)特假此(ci)名以(yi)(yi)示义。其(qi)(qi)馀皆即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)从其(qi)(qi)数，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)改(gai)(gai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《书》称“月(yue)(yue)(yue)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)日(ri)(ri)”，意同於(wu)此(ci)。又(you)解(jie)(jie)无事(shi)而(er)(er)书正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。隐虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，然(ran)摄行(xing)君(jun)事(shi)，而(er)(er)亦(yi)朝(chao)庙告(gao)(gao)朔，改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)布(bu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)书首(shou)年(nian)(nian)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，以(yi)(yi)明其(qi)(qi)应即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，割其(qi)(qi)土壤，分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)民，使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)专为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)已有，故(gu)(gu)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)其(qi)(qi)封(feng)内(nei)各得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。传说(shuo)郑国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)僖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，朝(chao)於(wu)晋。简之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，士子孔(kong)卒，是(shi)(shi)(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。非(fei)独鲁(lu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《规过(guo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)取(qu)(qu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)长(zhang)(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”，规释(shi)杜(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”谓“人(ren)(ren)君(jun)体(ti)(ti)是(shi)(shi)(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)长(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)(yi)居(ju)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲(yu)在下(xia)陵夺(duo)，处(chu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)终”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)刘妄解(jie)(jie)杜(du)意，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)体(ti)(ti)其(qi)(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)善居(ju)於(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)道，以(yi)(yi)规杜(du)氏(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)理(li)非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫又(you)难何(he)(he)休(xiu)(xiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“唯王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)然(ran)后改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)立号(hao)(hao)，《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》讬新王(wang)(wang)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)於(wu)鲁(lu)，故(gu)(gu)因以(yi)(yi)录即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。若(ruo)然(ran)，新王(wang)(wang)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)朔必改(gai)(gai)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁(lu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)称元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，亦(yi)应改(gai)(gai)其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)朔，仍(reng)用周(zhou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？既(ji)讬王(wang)(wang)於(wu)鲁(lu)，则(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事(shi)文王(wang)(wang)，仍(reng)奉(feng)王(wang)(wang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，何(he)(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？”诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，自是(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)法，而(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)讬王(wang)(wang)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)妄说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。说(shuo)《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)纬》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“黄帝(di)坐於(wu)扈阁，凤皇衔书致帝(di)前，其(qi)(qi)中得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文”。谓此(ci)五(wu)(wu)事(shi)。何(he)(he)休(xiu)(xiu)又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)莫大(da)(da)於(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)(qiu)》以(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端，以(yi)(yi)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，以(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，以(yi)(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)竟内(nei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上奉(feng)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)，而(er)(er)后言(yan)(yan)(yan)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由王(wang)(wang)出(chu)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)后言(yan)(yan)(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)奉(feng)天(tian)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)号(hao)(hao)令，则(ze)(ze)无法，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)而(er)(er)后言(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)。天(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能成其(qi)(qi)化，故(gu)(gu)先(xian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)后言(yan)(yan)(yan)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)。五(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同日(ri)(ri)并见(jian)，相须成体(ti)(ti)。”非(fei)比辞也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)(he)休(xiu)(xiu)自云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，则(ze)(ze)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，非(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，安(an)(an)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同日(ri)(ri)并见(jian)其(qi)(qi)成体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)讬王(wang)(wang)於(wu)鲁(lu)史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)既(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)所改(gai)(gai)，则(ze)(ze)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由王(wang)(wang)出(chu)，安(an)(an)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)？元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)尊(zun)而(er)(er)王(wang)(wang)卑，年(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)小，年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，改(gai)(gai)而(er)(er)无忌，王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)须奉(feng)，舍其(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)而(er)(er)事(shi)其(qi)(qi)细，敬所卑而(er)(er)慢(man)所尊(zun)，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)立教，必不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可行(xing)。圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)有作(zuo)，岂(qi)当尔也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？黄帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)五(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)子法乎？为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)法乎？诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，必非(fei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)法，若(ruo)非(fei)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)法，安(an)(an)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乎？无公(gong)(gong)(gong)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，则(ze)(ze)阙(que)一(yi)(yi)(yi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，何(he)(he)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？若(ruo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)天(tian)子法，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)言(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)王(wang)(wang)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。何(he)(he)休(xiu)(xiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，然(ran)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)岂(qi)复(fu)以(yi)(yi)已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)已即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)？不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)若(ruo)此(ci)，何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？言(yan)(yan)(yan)《左氏(shi)(shi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，或取(qu)(qu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)逐狂(kuang)东走(zou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隐、庄、闵、僖四公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)，传皆说(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由，故(gu)(gu)指以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例。隐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，又(you)谦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)至，而(er)(er)岁首(shou)告(gao)(gao)朔朝(chao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所以(yi)(yi)尊(zun)敬祖考也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)朝(chao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)与(yu)臣(chen)子无别(bie)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)，故(gu)(gu)告(gao)(gao)朔朝(chao)庙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三月，公及邾仪父盟于蔑。附庸之君，未王命，例称名。能自通于大国，继好息民，故书字贵之。名例在庄五年。邾，今鲁国邹县也。蔑，姑蔑，鲁地。鲁国卞县南有姑城。
　　○父音甫。邾(zhu)子(zi)之(zhi)字(zi)。凡人名字(zi)皆仿此。蔑(mie)，亡结反。好，呼(hu)报反。邹，侧留反。卞(bian)，皮彦反，本或作弁。

[疏]“三月”至“于蔑”。
　　○正义曰：公，隐公也。及，与也。与彼邾君字仪父者盟于蔑地。《谱》云：“邾，曹姓。颛顼之后有六，终产六子，其弟五子曰安，邾即安之后也。周武王封其苗裔邾侠为附庸，居邾。今鲁国邹县是也。自安至仪父十二世，始见《春秋》。齐桓行霸，仪父附从，进爵称子，文公徙於绎。桓公以下，《春秋》后八世而楚灭之。”诸侯俱受王命，各有寰宇，上事天子，旁交邻国。天子不信诸侯，诸侯自不相信，则盟以要之。凡盟礼，杀牲歃血，告誓神明，若有背违，欲令神加殃咎，使如此牲也。《曲礼》曰“约信曰誓，莅牲曰盟”。《周礼·天官·玉府》职曰“若合诸侯，则共珠槃玉敦”，《夏官·戎右》职曰“盟则以玉敦辟盟，遂役之，赞牛耳、桃茢”，《秋官·司盟》职曰“掌盟载之法，凡邦国有疑会同，则掌其盟约之载及其礼仪。北面诏明神”。郑玄以为槃敦皆器名也，珠玉以为饰。合诸侯者，必割牛耳，取其血，歃之以盟，敦以盛血，槃以盛耳。将歃，则戎右执其器为众陈其载辞，使心皆开辟，司盟之官乃北面读其载书，以告日月山川之神。既告，乃尊卑以次歃，戎右传敦血，以授当歃者，令含其血。既歃，乃坎其牲，加书於上而埋之。此则天子会诸侯，使诸侯聚盟之礼也。凡天子之盟诸侯十二岁於方岳之下，故传云：“再会而盟，以显昭明。”若王不巡守及诸侯有事朝王，即时见曰会，殷见曰同，亦为盟礼。其盟之法，案《觐礼》为“坛十有二寻，深四尺，加方明于其上。方明者，木也，方四尺。设六玉，上圭下璧，南方璋，西方琥，北方璜，东方圭”。朝诸侯於坛讫，乃加方明於坛而祀之。列诸侯於庭，玉府共珠槃玉敦，戎右以玉敦辟盟，遂役之，赞牛耳桃茢。司盟北面诏告明神，诸侯以次歃血。郑注《觐礼》云：“王之盟，其神主日；王官之伯盟，其神主月；诸侯之盟，其神主山川。”是盟礼之略也。若诸侯之盟亦有坛，知者故柯之盟，《公羊传》称曹子以手剑劫桓公于坛是也。其盟神则无复定限，故襄十一年传称“司慎司盟，名山名川，群神群祀，先王先公，七姓十二国之祖”是也。其盟用牛牲，故襄二十六年传云“歃用牲”，又哀十七年传云“诸侯盟，谁执牛耳”是也。其杀牛，必取血及耳，以手执玉敦之血进之於口，知者，定八年“涉佗捘卫侯之手及腕”，又襄九年传云“与大国盟，口血未乾”是也。既盟之后，牲及馀血并盟载之书加於牲上，坎而埋之，故僖二十五年传云“宵，坎血加书”是也。春秋之世，不由天子之命，诸侯自相与盟，则大国制其言，小国尸其事，官虽小异，礼则大同。故《释例》曰：“盟者杀牲载书，大国制其言，小国尸其事，珠槃玉敦，以奉流血而同歃。”是其事也。其盟载之辞，则传多有之。此时公求好於邾，邾君来至蔑地，公出与之盟。史书鲁事，以公为主，言“公及”，及者，言自此及彼，据鲁为文也。桓十七年“公会邾仪父盟于趡”，彼言“会”，此言“及”者，彼行会礼，此不行会礼故也。故刘炫云“策书之例，先会后盟”者，上言‘会’，下言‘盟’。唯盟不会者，直言‘及’”。此为不行会礼，故言“及”也。或可史异辞，非先会而盟，则称会。知者，文七年公会诸侯晋大夫盟于扈，传云“公后至”，则是不及其会，而经称“会”，故知盟称“会”者，未必先行会礼也。
　　○注“附庸”至“姑城”。
　　○正义曰：传言“未王命(ming)(ming)(ming)”，知(zhi)(zhi)是附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。庄(zhuang)五年“郳犁(li)来来朝(chao)(chao)”，传曰“未王命(ming)(ming)(ming)”，解其称“名(ming)(ming)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。是知(zhi)(zhi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)例(li)称名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。《礼记·王制》云：“不合(he)於(wu)(wu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)诸侯，曰附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。”郑玄云：“不合(he)谓(wei)不朝(chao)(chao)会也(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)城曰附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)国(guo)(guo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)於(wu)(wu)大国(guo)(guo)，未能(neng)(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其名(ming)(ming)通(tong)(tong)。”是说(shuo)(shuo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。《王制》又(you)云“天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元士(shi)视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，然则(ze)(ze)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)贵(gui)(gui)(gui)贱与(yu)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元士(shi)同(tong)也(ye)(ye)。其礼则(ze)(ze)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，知(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大夫视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)男，卿视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伯，三公(gong)(gong)视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)侯，所(suo)视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)皆多一命(ming)(ming)(ming)，明知(zhi)(zhi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多於(wu)(wu)元士(shi)一命(ming)(ming)(ming)。又(you)诸侯世子(zi)(zi)(zi)未誓(shi)，执(zhi)皮帛(bo)，视(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)，公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)亦执(zhi)皮帛(bo)，及(ji)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亦执(zhi)皮帛(bo)，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大夫四(si)命(ming)(ming)(ming)称字(zi)(zi)(zi)，附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)称名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)王朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)故(gu)特尊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)称字(zi)(zi)(zi)。《释(shi)例(li)》曰“名(ming)(ming)重(zhong)於(wu)(wu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)君(jun)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前自名(ming)(ming)，朋友之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)接自字(zi)(zi)(zi)，是以(yi)(yi)(yi)《春秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义，贬责书(shu)(shu)其名(ming)(ming)，斥所(suo)重(zhong)也(ye)(ye)；褒(bao)厚显其字(zi)(zi)(zi)，辟所(suo)讳(hui)也(ye)(ye)”。然则(ze)(ze)应字(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)名(ming)(ming)则(ze)(ze)是贬，应名(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)则(ze)(ze)是贵(gui)(gui)(gui)，故(gu)宰咺书(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，仪(yi)(yi)父(fu)书(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。传文唯言“贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，不说(shuo)(shuo)可贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)状(zhuang)。贾、服以(yi)(yi)(yi)为仪(yi)(yi)父(fu)嘉(jia)隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)有至孝(xiao)谦让(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义而(er)(er)与(yu)结(jie)(jie)好(hao)，故(gu)贵(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，善(shan)(shan)其慕(mu)贤说(shuo)(shuo)让(rang)。知(zhi)(zhi)不然者(zhe)(zhe)，案传云“公(gong)(gong)摄(she)位而(er)(er)欲求好(hao)於(wu)(wu)邾(zhu)(zhu)”，是公(gong)(gong)先求邾(zhu)(zhu)，非邾(zhu)(zhu)先慕(mu)公(gong)(gong)，复何足贵(gui)(gui)(gui)？且书(shu)(shu)曰“仪(yi)(yi)父(fu)”乃是新意，仲尼以(yi)(yi)(yi)事有可善(shan)(shan)乃得书(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)善(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不是缘鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意以(yi)(yi)(yi)为褒(bao)贬，安得以(yi)(yi)(yi)其慕(mu)贤便足贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？又(you)桓十七年“公(gong)(gong)及(ji)邾(zhu)(zhu)仪(yi)(yi)父(fu)盟(meng)(meng)于趡”，桓公(gong)(gong)不贤不让(rang)，彼经亦书(shu)(shu)“仪(yi)(yi)父(fu)”，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)“贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言不为慕(mu)贤说(shuo)(shuo)让(rang)也(ye)(ye)。附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不能(neng)(neng)自通(tong)(tong)，不与(yu)盟(meng)(meng)会，今能(neng)(neng)自通(tong)(tong)大国(guo)(guo)，继好(hao)息民，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)为此贵(gui)(gui)(gui)而(er)(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不贵(gui)(gui)(gui)来朝(chao)(chao)而(er)(er)贵(gui)(gui)(gui)其盟(meng)(meng)者(zhe)(zhe)，朝(chao)(chao)事大国(guo)(guo)，则(ze)(ze)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)常(chang)道，齐(qi)盟(meng)(meng)结(jie)(jie)好(hao)，非附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)所(suo)能(neng)(neng)，故(gu)盟(meng)(meng)则(ze)(ze)贵(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，朝(chao)(chao)从(cong)常(chang)法(fa)。

夏，五月，郑伯克段于鄢。不称国讨而言郑伯，讥失教也。段不弟，故不言弟，明郑伯虽失教而段亦凶逆。以君讨臣而用“二君”之例者，言段强大儁杰，据大都以耦国，所谓“得儁曰克”也。国讨例在庄二十二年，得儁例在庄十一年，母弟例在宣十七年。郑在荧阳宛陵县西南。鄢，今颍川鄢陵县。
　　○段，徒乱(luan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，郑(zheng)伯弟名。鄢，於(wu)(wu)晚反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)建反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)然(ran)反(fan)(fan)(fan)，弟音(yin)悌，又(you)(you)如字。儁(jun)音(yin)俊。杰音(yin)桀。荧，户扃反(fan)(fan)(fan)，本或作荥，非。宛，於(wu)(wu)阮反(fan)(fan)(fan)，又(you)(you)於(wu)(wu)元反(fan)(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“夏五月”至“于鄢”。
　　○正义曰：郑国，伯爵。《谱》云：“郑，姬姓，周厉王子、宣王母弟桓公友之后也。宣王封友於郑，今京兆郑县是也。及幽王无道，方迁其民於虢郐，虢郐之君分其地，遂国焉。今河南新郑县是也。庄公二十二年，鲁隐公之元年也。声公二十年，获麟之岁也；二十三年而《春秋》之传终矣。声公三十七年卒。自声以下，五世八十七年，而韩灭郑”。此郑伯，庄公也。谥法：“胜敌克壮曰庄。”
　　○注“不称”至“陵县”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：国讨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国若(ruo)人(ren)(ren)。称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)国称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)，则(ze)明(ming)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)贼，言(yan)一(yi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)欲讨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)，指言(yan)君自杀(sha)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，若(ruo)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)无(wu)罪(zui)然(ran)，讥(ji)其(qi)(qi)失(shi)兄(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)，不肯早为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)，乃是(shi)养成其(qi)(qi)恶，及其(qi)(qi)作乱，则(ze)必(bi)(bi)欲杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)”，所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)罪(zui)郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)例(li)(li)母弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，段(duan)实(shi)母弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)，故去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)罪(zui)段(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。两罪(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)兄(xiong)虽(sui)失(shi)教(jiao)而(er)段(duan)亦凶逆(ni)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例(li)(li)》曰(yue)：“兄(xiong)而(er)害弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)章兄(xiong)罪(zui)，弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又害兄(xiong)，则(ze)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)罪(zui)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)身。统(tong)论其(qi)(qi)义，兄(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二人(ren)(ren)交(jiao)相杀(sha)害，各(ge)有(you)曲直，存(cun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)则(ze)示兄(xiong)曲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)既失(shi)教(jiao)，若(ruo)依例(li)(li)存(cun)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，则(ze)嫌善段(duan)，故特(te)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”两见其(qi)(qi)义，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)说也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。襄(xiang)三十(shi)年(nian)“天王杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)佞(ning)(ning)夫(fu)”，传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)“罪(zui)在(zai)(zai)王”，则(ze)与(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)同讥(ji)，而(er)佞(ning)(ning)夫(fu)不去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释例(li)(li)》曰(yue)“佞(ning)(ning)夫(fu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，不闻反谋(mou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)段(duan)去(qu)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，身为(wei)(wei)(wei)谋(mou)首(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。然(ran)则(ze)佞(ning)(ning)夫(fu)不与(yu)反谋(mou)，罪(zui)王而(er)不罪(zui)佞(ning)(ning)夫(fu)，故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)弟(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)例(li)(li)战败(bai)克(ke)取，两国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，段(duan)实(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)臣而(er)言(yan)克(ke)段(duan)，故申明(ming)传(chuan)(chuan)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“得儁(jun)曰(yue)克(ke)”，庄(zhuang)(zhuang)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)传(chuan)(chuan)例(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。国讨例(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)庄(zhuang)(zhuang)二十(shi)二年(nian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼经书“陈人(ren)(ren)杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)公(gong)子(zi)御(yu)寇(kou)(kou)”，实(shi)君杀(sha)大(da)子(zi)，而(er)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“陈人(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，陈人(ren)(ren)恶其(qi)(qi)杀(sha)大(da)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，故不称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君父，以(yi)(yi)(yi)国讨公(gong)子(zi)告(gao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“陈人(ren)(ren)杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)大(da)子(zi)御(yu)寇(kou)(kou)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)实(shi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明(ming)经所(suo)(suo)(suo)书国讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼无(wu)凡例(li)(li)而(er)言(yan)例(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)此传(chuan)(chuan)云“称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)郑(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)，讥(ji)失(shi)教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，言(yan)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)仲尼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变例(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君为(wei)(wei)(wei)罪(zui)君，则(ze)知称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)国讨。序云“推变例(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)褒贬”，即(ji)此类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。推以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)(li)，故言(yan)例(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)彼年(nian)。诸注言(yan)“例(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，未必(bi)(bi)皆(jie)有(you)凡例(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《地理志(zhi)》河(he)南郡(jun)(jun)有(you)宛(wan)陵(ling)(ling)、新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)，各(ge)自为(wei)(wei)(wei)县。晋世分河(he)南而(er)立(li)荧阳，废新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)而(er)入(ru)宛(wan)陵(ling)(ling)，故郑(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)(zai)宛(wan)陵(ling)(ling)西南也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《地理志(zhi)》颍川郡(jun)(jun)有(you)鄢陵(ling)(ling)县。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公、仲子之赗。宰，官；咺，名也。咺赠死不及尸，吊生不及哀，豫凶事，故贬而名之。此天子大夫称字之例。仲子者，桓公之母。妇人无谥，故以字配姓。来者，自外之文；归者，不反之辞。
　　○咺，吁阮反。赗，芳(fang)凤反。

[疏]“秋七月”至“之赗”。
　　○正义曰：天王，周平王也。《谱》云：周，黄帝之苗裔，姬姓。后稷之后也。后稷封於邰。及夏之衰，后稷之子不窋失其官，窜於西戎。至大王，为狄所逼，去邠居岐。文王受命，武王克殷，而王有天下。幽王为犬戎所杀，平王迁都王城，今河南县是也。平王四十九年，鲁隐公之元年也。敬王又迁成周，今洛阳是也。敬王三十九年，获麟之岁也。四十三年而敬王崩。敬王子元王九年，《春秋》之传终矣。元王以下，十一世二百二十六年而周亡也。《周本纪》武王至平王凡十三王，兄弟相及者一人，平王是武王十一世孙也。”惠公薨在往年，明年仲子始薨，盖於时有疾，王闻其疾，谓之巳薨，故使大宰大夫名咺者来至於鲁，并归惠公仲子之赗。赗者，助丧之物。文五年注云“车马曰赗”。《士丧既夕礼》云“公赗，玄纁束帛两马”，士之制，只得驾两马，故云赗两马。大夫以上，皆驾四马。此宰咺来赗，盖用四马也。《公羊传》曰“丧事有赗，赗者盖以马，以乘马束帛。车马曰赗”，《穀梁传》曰“乘马曰赗”，皆谓宰咺用乘马来也。惠公仲子不言及者，是并致二赗，或是史异辞，盖二者各以乘马，不宜以一乘之马赗二人也。服虔云“赗，覆也。天王所以覆被臣子”。案《士丧既夕礼》，兄弟所知悉，皆致赗，非独君之赗臣。以赗为覆则可矣，其言“覆被臣子”则非也。何休亦云：“赗，犹覆也。”盖谓覆被亡者耳。
　　○注“宰官”至“之辞”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义曰：传(chuan)言“缓，且子(zi)(zi)(zi)氏未薨(hong)，故(gu)(gu)名(ming)”。是不(bu)应(ying)名(ming)而名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。贬乃书名(ming)，知(zhi)法(fa)应(ying)书字，故(gu)(gu)云“此天(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)大夫(fu)称(cheng)字之(zhi)(zhi)例”。传(chuan)无明例，故(gu)(gu)推此以为(wei)(wei)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周礼(li)·天(tian)官(guan)》“大宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)卿一人，小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)中大夫(fu)二人，宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫(fu)下大夫(fu)四(si)人”。宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫(fu)小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)皆(jie)是大夫(fu)，未知(zhi)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)咺(xuan)是何(he)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫(fu)职》曰“凡邦之(zhi)(zhi)吊(diao)事(shi)，掌其(qi)(qi)戒令(ling)与(yu)其(qi)(qi)币器财用(yong)”。郑玄(xuan)云“吊(diao)事(shi)，吊(diao)诸侯诸臣币所用(yong)赙(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。既掌吊(diao)事(shi)，或(huo)即充使，此盖宰(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)乃惠公妾(qie)耳，王使赗之(zhi)(zhi)者，隐(yin)立桓(huan)为(wei)(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)，成桓(huan)母为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)人，天(tian)王知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)然，故(gu)(gu)遣赗惠公，因即赗之(zhi)(zhi)。杜言“仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)者桓(huan)公之(zhi)(zhi)母”，正(zheng)(zheng)见此意。不(bu)然，仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)桓(huan)母，传(chuan)有(you)(you)明文，不(bu)须解也(ye)(ye)(ye)。男子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)谥(shi)者，人君则配(pei)(pei)王、配(pei)(pei)公，大夫(fu)或(huo)配(pei)(pei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，或(huo)配(pei)(pei)字，皆(jie)不(bu)以字配(pei)(pei)姓(xing)。妇(fu)(fu)人於法(fa)无谥(shi)，故(gu)(gu)以字配(pei)(pei)姓(xing)，言其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释(shi)例》曰：“妇(fu)(fu)人无外行，於礼(li)当系夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)谥(shi)，以明所属。”是言妇(fu)(fu)人不(bu)合谥(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。系夫(fu)谥(shi)者，夫(fu)人而已，众妾(qie)不(bu)合系夫(fu)，正(zheng)(zheng)当以字配(pei)(pei)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)声子(zi)(zi)(zi)、戴(dai)妫有(you)(you)谥(shi)者，皆(jie)越礼(li)妄作也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

九月，及宋人盟于宿。客主无名，皆微者也。宿，小国，东平无盐县也。凡盟以国地者，国主亦与盟，例在僖十九年。宋，今梁国雎阳县。
　　○与音预，下同。雎音虽(sui)。

[疏]注“客主”至“阳县”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)：《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)，若是(shi)(shi)命卿(qing)，则名书(shu)於(wu)(wu)经(jing)。此盟(meng)(meng)客主无名，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)皆是(shi)(shi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)者。《公羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)“孰及之(zhi)(zhi)？内之(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)者也(ye)”。《穀(gu)梁(liang)传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)“及者何？内卑(bei)者也(ye)。宋人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，外卑(bei)者也(ye)”。卑(bei)微(wei)(wei)(wei)，言(yan)非卿(qing)也(ye)。客谓(wei)(wei)宋，主谓(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)。直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)“及”者，他(ta)国(guo)可(ke)(ke)言(yan)某人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，鲁(lu)(lu)史(shi)不(bu)(bu)得自言(yan)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)及彼(bi)，是(shi)(shi)鲁(lu)(lu)及可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)。其微(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)(yu)他(ta)国(guo)聚(ju)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，亦(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，与(yu)(yu)此同也(ye)。会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)盟(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，地(di)(di)(di)必有主。举(ju)地(di)(di)(di)者，地(di)(di)(di)主之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)或(huo)与(yu)(yu)或(huo)否，故(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)主之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)亦(yi)序於(wu)(wu)列。其经(jing)举(ju)国(guo)名以(yi)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)地(di)(di)(di)者，国(guo)主与(yu)(yu)在(zai)其中，不(bu)(bu)复序之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)列，以(yi)其可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。例(li)(li)在(zai)僖(xi)(xi)十九年(nian)(nian)者。彼(bi)经(jing)书(shu)“会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)陈(chen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、蔡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、郑(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)“陈(chen)穆公请脩好(hao)於(wu)(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，以(yi)无忘(wang)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)桓(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)德。冬，盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，脩桓(huan)公之(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)也(ye)”。言(yan)脩桓(huan)公之(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)，齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)必与(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)序於(wu)(wu)列而(er)以(yi)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)盟(meng)(meng)地(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)(shi)其盟(meng)(meng)以(yi)国(guo)地(di)(di)(di)者，国(guo)主与(yu)(yu)盟(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)例(li)(li)。此亦(yi)推以(yi)为(wei)例(li)(li)，非凡例(li)(li)也(ye)。然(ran)(ran)则桓(huan)十四年(nian)(nian)“公会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)郑(zheng)伯(bo)于(yu)曹(cao)”，即亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)例(li)(li)，而(er)远指僖(xi)(xi)十九年(nian)(nian)者，此既(ji)是(shi)(shi)盟(meng)(meng)，故(gu)(gu)取(qu)盟(meng)(meng)为(wei)例(li)(li)。其实会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)亦(yi)然(ran)(ran)也(ye)，故(gu)(gu)彼(bi)注云(yun)“以(yi)曹(cao)地(di)(di)(di)，曹(cao)与(yu)(yu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。僖(xi)(xi)二十七年(nian)(nian)“楚(chu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、陈(chen)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、蔡侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)伯(bo)、许男围宋。公会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)盟(meng)(meng)于(yu)宋”。宋不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)盟(meng)(meng)亦(yi)地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)宋者，彼(bi)注云(yun)“宋方见(jian)围，无嫌於(wu)(wu)与(yu)(yu)盟(meng)(meng)，故(gu)(gu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)宋地(di)(di)(di)”。然(ran)(ran)则宣十四年(nian)(nian)“楚(chu)子(zi)围宋”，十五年(nian)(nian)“公孙归父(fu)会(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)楚(chu)子(zi)于(yu)宋”，亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)嫌宋与(yu)(yu)，故(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)(di)以(yi)宋也(ye)。《地(di)(di)(di)理志》：“梁(liang)国(guo)雎阳县(xian)，故(gu)(gu)宋国(guo)，微(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)所封(feng)”也(ye)。

冬，十有二月，祭伯来。祭伯，诸侯为王卿士者。祭国，伯爵也。传曰“非王命也”。释其不称使。
　　○祭，侧界(jie)反，国名。传祭仲同。使，如(ru)字，又所吏反。

[疏]注“祭伯”至“称使”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：僖二十(shi)四年(nian)传(chuan)富辰说周公封建亲戚(qi)以(yi)(yi)蕃屏周，而云(yun)(yun)“邢茅(mao)胙祭(ji)(ji)(ji)”，则祭(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)初封畿外之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)。穆王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)时有(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)公谋父(fu)，今(jin)有(you)(you)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)，世仕(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)朝，盖本(ben)封绝灭(mie)，食采於王(wang)(wang)(wang)畿也(ye)(ye)。庄二十(shi)三(san)年(nian)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)叔(shu)来(lai)(lai)聘(pin)”，注“以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)叔(shu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)公，来(lai)(lai)聘(pin)鲁。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)内臣(chen)，不得外交”。是(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)於此时为(wei)(wei)(wei)畿内之(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)，仍(reng)有(you)(you)封爵(jue)，故言(yan)诸侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)：“王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)公卿(qing)(qing)(qing)皆书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)爵(jue)，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、凡伯(bo)(bo)(bo)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)；大(da)(da)夫称字(zi)(zi)(zi)，南(nan)季(ji)、荣叔(shu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)；元士(shi)(shi)中士(shi)(shi)称名(ming)(ming)，刘(liu)(liu)夏、石(shi)尚是(shi)也(ye)(ye)；下(xia)士(shi)(shi)称人，‘公会王(wang)(wang)(wang)人于洮(tao)’是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)或(huo)称祭(ji)(ji)(ji)公，举(ju)官而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)，此其(qi)定例也(ye)(ye)。”然春秋之(zhi)(zhi)世有(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)无(wu)采地者，若王(wang)(wang)(wang)叔(shu)、陈生、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)舆之(zhi)(zhi)属是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。但(dan)未(wei)知书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)经其(qi)称云(yun)(yun)何。杜既云(yun)(yun)公卿(qing)(qing)(qing)称爵(jue)，而王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)虎及刘(liu)(liu)卷卒(zu)称名(ming)(ming)者，彼(bi)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)赴，以(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)告鲁，如(ru)诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)例，薨则称名(ming)(ming)；此云(yun)(yun)公卿(qing)(qing)(qing)称爵(jue)者，谓聘(pin)使(shi)往(wang)还，与彼(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)异也(ye)(ye)。又(you)襄(xiang)十(shi)五年(nian)注云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)”者，以(yi)(yi)传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)“刘(liu)(liu)夏逆王(wang)(wang)(wang)后于齐(qi)(qi)，卿(qing)(qing)(qing)不行(xing)，非(fei)礼也(ye)(ye)”。以(yi)(yi)刘(liu)(liu)夏非(fei)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)，若卿(qing)(qing)(qing)则应(ying)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)，以(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)字(zi)(zi)(zi)相对，故举(ju)以(yi)(yi)言(yan)焉。其(qi)实卿(qing)(qing)(qing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)爵(jue)也(ye)(ye)。此祭(ji)(ji)(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)若王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)来(lai)(lai)，当云(yun)(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)来(lai)(lai)聘(pin)，亦(yi)如(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)凡伯(bo)(bo)(bo)来(lai)(lai)聘(pin)。今(jin)以(yi)(yi)自来(lai)(lai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文，明非(fei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)命而私行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)(liu)炫云(yun)(yun)“卿(qing)(qing)(qing)而无(wu)爵(jue)，或(huo)亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)；大(da)(da)夫有(you)(you)爵(jue)，或(huo)亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)爵(jue)”。传(chuan)称王(wang)(wang)(wang)叔(shu)、陈生与伯(bo)(bo)(bo)舆争政(zheng)，俱是(shi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)，并不言(yan)爵(jue)。又(you)滕(teng)侯之(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)周卜正，《书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》称齐(qi)(qi)侯吕伋为(wei)(wei)(wei)虎贲(bi)氏，则大(da)(da)夫或(huo)有(you)(you)爵(jue)也(ye)(ye)。然则大(da)(da)夫有(you)(you)爵(jue)，不可舍爵(jue)而书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)；卿(qing)(qing)(qing)而无(wu)爵(jue)，不可越字(zi)(zi)(zi)而书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)。盖有(you)(you)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)士(shi)(shi)亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)、大(da)(da)夫亦(yi)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)爵(jue)也(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)见经者众，祭(ji)(ji)(ji)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、凡伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、毛伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、单伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、召伯(bo)(bo)(bo)、君(jun)子(zi)、单子(zi)、刘(liu)(liu)子(zi)，其(qi)间未(wei)必无(wu)大(da)(da)夫。荣叔(shu)、南(nan)季(ji)、家父(fu)叔(shu)服，其(qi)间未(wei)必无(wu)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)。但(dan)无(wu)明证，故依例解之(zhi)(zhi)。襄(xiang)十(shi)五年(nian)注云(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)”，是(shi)言(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)卿(qing)(qing)(qing)有(you)(you)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)理。

公子益师卒。传例曰“公不与小敛，故不书日，所以示厚薄也”。《春秋》不以日月为例，唯卿佐之丧独记日以见义者，事之得失，既未足以褒贬人君，然亦非死者之罪，无辞可以寄文，而人臣轻贱，死日可略，故特假日以见义。
　　○敛，力(li)验反(fan)(fan)。见(jian)，贤(xian)遍反(fan)(fan)，下同(tong)。

[疏]注“传例”至“见义”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：传(chuan)文与(yu)(yu)(yu)上下作例(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，注皆谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)传(chuan)例(li)(li)。《释(shi)(shi)例(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卿佐，是(shi)(shi)谓股肱(gong)，股肱(gong)或(huo)亏，何痛如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)！疾则(ze)(ze)(ze)亲问(wen)焉，丧(sang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)亲与(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)大敛(lian)(lian)，慎终归(gui)厚(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)仲(zhong)尼脩《春秋》，卿佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)，公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，示厚(hou)(hou)薄戒将(jiang)来也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。即以(yi)(yi)(yi)新死(si)小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)文，则(ze)(ze)(ze)但临(lin)大敛(lian)(lian)及(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临(lin)其(qi)(qi)丧(sang)，亦(yi)同不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。襄(xiang)五年(nian)，冬(dong)(dong)，十二(er)月(yue)，“辛未(wei)(wei)，季(ji)孙(sun)行(xing)父卒(zu)(zu)”。传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“大夫入敛(lian)(lian)，公(gong)(gong)在位”。是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)翚、柔、溺(ni)等生见(jian)经(jing)、传(chuan)，死(si)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)卒(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿礼(li)终也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文十四年(nian)，秋，“九(jiu)月(yue)，甲申，公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)敖卒(zu)(zu)于(yu)齐”。巳(si)绝卿位，公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)而(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)卒(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)(shi)例(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)敖纵(zong)情弃命(ming)，既巳(si)绝位，非(fei)大夫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)备(bei)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)经(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，惠叔毁请於(wu)(wu)朝，感子(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)赦父，敦公(gong)(gong)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩，崇仁孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教，故(gu)(gu)(gu)传(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孟氏，且国(guo)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’”。是(shi)(shi)言虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)敛(lian)(lian)，恩实过厚(hou)(hou)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庄三十二(er)年(nian)，“秋，七月(yue)，癸巳(si)，公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)牙(ya)卒(zu)(zu)”，时(shi)公(gong)(gong)有(you)疾。昭(zhao)二(er)十五年(nian)，“冬(dong)(dong)，十月(yue)，戊辰，叔孙(sun)婼卒(zu)(zu)”；二(er)十九(jiu)年(nian)，“夏，四月(yue)，庚子(zi)(zi)，叔诣卒(zu)(zu)”，时(shi)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)在外。成(cheng)十七年(nian)，冬(dong)(dong)，十一月(yue)，“壬申，公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)婴齐卒(zu)(zu)于(yu)貍(li)脤”，在外而(er)卒(zu)(zu)，皆公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)(yu)敛(lian)(lian)而(er)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。《释(shi)(shi)例(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“其(qi)(qi)或(huo)公(gong)(gong)疾在外，大夫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)(zu)於(wu)(wu)国(guo)，而(er)犹存其(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)责(ze)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得备(bei)，非(fei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲临(lin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)有(you)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)责(ze)公(gong)(gong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)皆书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)婴齐书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)所卒(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，馀皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)地者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《释(shi)(shi)例(li)(li)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“鲁大夫卒(zu)(zu)其(qi)(qi)竟内，则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)地，传(chuan)称‘季(ji)平子(zi)(zi)行(xing)东野(ye)，卒(zu)(zu)于(yu)房’是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。而(er)先儒以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虽以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿礼(li)终，而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临(lin)其(qi)(qi)丧(sang)，皆没而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。杜知不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临(lin)其(qi)(qi)丧(sang)亦(yi)同不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案庆父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿礼(li)终，而(er)经(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，足(zu)知唯据不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿礼(li)终者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)经(jing)始不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，明以(yi)(yi)(yi)卿礼(li)终，虽全不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临(lin)丧(sang)，亦(yi)同书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)卒(zu)(zu)，但不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)耳。《春秋》诸(zhu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)与(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)，传(chuan)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)发，唯此发传(chuan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)特解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云：“《春秋》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)(li)，唯卿佐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)独讬日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得失未(wei)(wei)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)褒贬人君(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《春秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文，褒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)厚(hou)(hou)赏(shang)，贬为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大罚，君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)臣，有(you)恩则(ze)(ze)(ze)常事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)加赏(shang)，无恩则(ze)(ze)(ze)小(xiao)失不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致罚，故(gu)(gu)(gu)云“未(wei)(wei)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)褒贬”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。止欲贬责(ze)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，君(jun)(jun)自(zi)无恩，然亦(yi)非(fei)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪，意(yi)欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)劝戒，无辞可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)寄文，而(er)人臣对君(jun)(jun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轻贱，死(si)日(ri)(ri)(ri)可(ke)(ke)略去，故(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)此一条(tiao)特假日(ri)(ri)(ri)以(yi)(yi)(yi)见(jian)义，其(qi)(qi)馀则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)例(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)无传(chuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

【传】元年，春，王周正月。（言周以别夏殷。
　　○别，彼列反。夏，户雅反。三代之号，可以意求。不书即位，摄也。假摄君政。不脩即位之礼，故史不书於策，传所以见异於常。
　　○见，贤遍反。）

[疏]“不书即位，摄也”。
　　○正(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi)曰(yue)：摄(she)(she)(she)训持也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隐以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)幼少，且(qie)摄(she)(she)(she)持国政(zheng)，待其(qi)年长，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。史(shi)(shi)(shi)官不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，仲尼因而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)改，故(gu)发传(chuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。公(gong)(gong)实不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，史(shi)(shi)(shi)本无(wu)(wu)可书(shu)(shu)。庄、闵(min)、僖(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，义(yi)(yi)亦(yi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。旧说(shuo)贾、服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)四公(gong)(gong)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)实即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)脩(xiu)经(jing)，乃(nai)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)，故(gu)杜详辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《释例(li)》曰(yue)：“遭丧继(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者，每新年正(zheng)(zheng)月，必改元正(zheng)(zheng)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，百官以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)，故(gu)国史(shi)(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)书(shu)(shu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)策以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。隐既继(ji)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，於(wu)第应(ying)立，而(er)(er)(er)(er)寻父(fu)娶仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)，委位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)让桓(huan)。天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)既巳(si)(si)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，诸(zhu)侯既巳(si)(si)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，国人(ren)既巳(si)(si)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)隐终(zhong)有(you)推国授桓(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隐、庄、闵(min)、僖(xi)，虽居(ju)(ju)君(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)故(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)脩(xiu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，或让而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)，或痛而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)，或乱而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)，礼(li)废事异，国史(shi)(shi)(shi)固无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)书(shu)(shu)，非(fei)行(xing)(xing)其(qi)礼(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)於(wu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”颍(ying)氏说(shuo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)十二公(gong)(gong)国史(shi)(shi)(shi)尽书(shu)(shu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，仲尼脩(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)有(you)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)。若实即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)隐公(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)让；若实有(you)让，则(ze)(ze)史(shi)(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)缘虚书(shu)(shu)。是(shi)言(yan)(yan)实不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，故(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)於(wu)隐、闵(min)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”，於(wu)庄、僖(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”者，《释例(li)》曰(yue)“丘明於(wu)四公(gong)(gong)发传(chuan)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)’‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)’起文(wen)(wen)(wen)，其(qi)义(yi)(yi)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。刘、贾、颍(ying)为(wei)(wei)传(chuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)生例(li)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“恩(en)深不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍(ren)(ren)，则(ze)(ze)传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)’；恩(en)浅可忍(ren)(ren)，则(ze)(ze)传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)’”。博据传(chuan)辞(ci)殊，多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)。案：杀栾盈则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)大夫(fu)(fu)”，杀良霄则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)大夫(fu)(fu)”，君(jun)(jun)氏卒(zu)则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)薨(hong)”，“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)葬(zang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)姓”，郑(zheng)伯克(ke)段(duan)则(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“称(cheng)郑(zheng)伯”，此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)同意(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)别文(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)本意(yi)(yi)在(zai)解经(jing)，非(fei)曲(qu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生例(li)，是(shi)言(yan)(yan)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)”“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)”义(yi)(yi)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《膏肓》何(he)休以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)古(gu)制诸(zhu)侯幼弱，天子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)命贤大夫(fu)(fu)辅相为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)，无(wu)(wu)摄(she)(she)(she)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。昔(xi)周公(gong)(gong)居(ju)(ju)摄(she)(she)(she)，死(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)记(ji)崩(beng)；今(jin)隐公(gong)(gong)生称(cheng)侯，死(si)(si)称(cheng)薨(hong)，何(he)因得(de)为(wei)(wei)摄(she)(she)(she)者？周公(gong)(gong)摄(she)(she)(she)政(zheng)，仍以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成王为(wei)(wei)主，直摄(she)(she)(she)其(qi)政(zheng)事而(er)(er)(er)(er)已，所(suo)(suo)有(you)大事王命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。致政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后乃(nai)死(si)(si)，故(gu)卒(zu)称(cheng)薨(hong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)崩(beng)。隐公(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)摄(she)(she)(she)则(ze)(ze)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亦(yi)摄(she)(she)(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)为(wei)(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，所(suo)(suo)有(you)大事皆(jie)(jie)(jie)专(zhuan)命以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)，摄(she)(she)(she)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)被杀，在(zai)君(jun)(jun)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)死(si)(si)，故(gu)生称(cheng)公(gong)(gong)，死(si)(si)称(cheng)薨(hong)，是(shi)与周公(gong)(gong)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)何(he)休以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯无(wu)(wu)摄(she)(she)(she)。郑(zheng)康成引(yin)《公(gong)(gong)羊(yang)》难(nan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“宋穆公(gong)(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘吾立乎，此(ci)摄(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！’以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何(he)得(de)非(fei)《左氏》？”是(shi)郑(zheng)意(yi)(yi)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从何(he)说(shuo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下传(chuan)曰(yue)“公(gong)(gong)摄(she)(she)(she)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)欲求好於(wu)邾”，是(shi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亦(yi)摄(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)“惠公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薨(hong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，“大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)少”，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)桓(huan)为(wei)(wei)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异於(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)者，元年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，行(xing)(xing)还不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告庙，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)临惠公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成声子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧，尊(zun)仲子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)，薨(hong)则(ze)(ze)赴於(wu)诸(zhu)侯，又(you)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立庙，此(ci)是(shi)谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隐公(gong)(gong)让位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贤君(jun)(jun)，故(gu)为(wei)(wei)《春(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入颂者，鲁(lu)僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时，周王岁(sui)二月，东巡守(shou)至(zhi)于(yu)岱(dai)宗(zong)，柴(chai)。季孙行(xing)(xing)父(fu)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)於(wu)周，大史(shi)(shi)(shi)克(ke)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作颂，故(gu)得(de)入颂。隐公(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)请(qing)，故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入颂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三月，公及邾仪父盟于蔑，邾子克也。克，仪父名。未王命，故不书爵。曰“仪父”，贵之也。王未赐命以为诸侯，其后仪父服事齐桓以奖王室，王命以为邾子，故庄十六年经书“邾子克卒”。
　　○“故不书爵”，一本无“故”字。奖，将丈(zhang)反。

[疏]注“王未”至“克卒”。
　　○正义曰：庄(zhuang)(zhuang)十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)齐(qi)桓会(hui)诸国于(yu)北杏(xing)，邾(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在焉(yan)。及(ji)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)书(shu)“邾(zhu)子克卒”，故(gu)知由事齐(qi)桓乃(nai)得王命(ming)也(ye)(ye)。贾、服以为(wei)北杏(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)时巳得王命(ming)，盖以北杏(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)邾(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)在列(lie)，故(gu)谓其(qi)巳得命(ming)也(ye)(ye)。列(lie)与(yu)不(bu)列(lie)在於(wu)主会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)意，不(bu)由有(you)(you)爵(jue)(jue)与(yu)否(fou)(fou)。襄二十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)宋之(zhi)(zhi)盟，齐(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)请邾(zhu)，宋人(ren)(ren)(ren)请滕，邾(zhu)、滕不(bu)列(lie)於(wu)会(hui)，故(gu)不(bu)书(shu)邾(zhu)、滕。襄五年(nian)(nian)(nian)戚之(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)，穆叔以属鄫为(wei)不(bu)利，使鄫大夫听命(ming)于(yu)会(hui)，故(gu)经书(shu)“鄫人(ren)(ren)(ren)”。然则为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)私属则不(bu)列(lie)於(wu)会(hui)，不(bu)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)私属则列(lie)於(wu)会(hui)，不(bu)可据列(lie)会(hui)以否(fou)(fou)以明有(you)(you)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)。昭四年(nian)(nian)(nian)申之(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)，淮夷列(lie)焉(yan)，未(wei)(wei)必有(you)(you)爵(jue)(jue)也(ye)(ye)。邾(zhu)今无爵(jue)(jue)，得与(yu)鲁盟北杏(xing)，会(hui)齐(qi)何须有(you)(you)爵(jue)(jue)？庄(zhuang)(zhuang)十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)会(hui)于(yu)鄄(juan)(juan)，传曰“齐(qi)始霸”，则齐(qi)桓为(wei)霸自鄄(juan)(juan)会(hui)始耳。北杏(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)时，诸侯未(wei)(wei)从，霸功(gong)未(wei)(wei)立(li)，桓尚未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)殊勋(xun)，仪父何足(zu)可纪(ji)？且齐(qi)桓未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)功(gong)於(wu)王，焉(yan)能使王命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)？其(qi)得王命(ming)，必在北杏(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)后，但未(wei)(wei)知定是(shi)何年(nian)(nian)(nian)耳。服虔云：“爵(jue)(jue)者(zhe)，醮也(ye)(ye)，所以醮尽其(qi)材(cai)也(ye)(ye)”。

公摄位而欲求好於邾，故为蔑之盟。解所以与盟也。
　　○好，呼报反(fan)。与(yu)，如字，又音预。

夏，四月，费伯帅师城郎。不书，非公命也。费伯，鲁大夫。郎，鲁邑。高平方与县东南有郁郎亭。传曰“君举必书”，然则史之策书皆君命也。今不书於经，亦因史之旧法，故传释之。诸鲁事，传释不书，他皆仿此。
　　○费音祕。郁(yu)，於六反。仿(fang)，甫往反，后(hou)此(ci)例皆同(tong)。

[疏]注“费伯鲁大夫”至“仿此”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)策书(shu)(shu)皆(jie)君(jun)命者(zhe)，谓君(jun)所命为之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)乃得书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)於策，非谓君(jun)命遣书(shu)(shu)方(fang)始书(shu)(shu)也。又解史(shi)(shi)策不(bu)书(shu)(shu)经亦不(bu)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。仲尼(ni)书(shu)(shu)於经者(zhe)，亦因史(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)旧法，旧史(shi)(shi)不(bu)书(shu)(shu)，则亦不(bu)书(shu)(shu)，故传(chuan)发此事(shi)(shi)释经不(bu)书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)意。“诸鲁事(shi)(shi)，传(chuan)释不(bu)书(shu)(shu)，他皆(jie)仿此”，谓下“盟于(yu)翼(yi)”、“作(zuo)南(nan)门”之(zhi)(zhi)类是也。

初，郑武公娶于申，曰武姜。申国，今南阳宛县。
　　○宛，於(wu)元反。娶(qu)，取住(zhu)反。

[疏]“初，郑武公娶于申，曰武姜”。
　　○正义曰：杜以为凡倒本其事者，皆言初也。贾逵云“凡言初者，隔其年，后有祸福，将终之，乃言初也”。
　　○注“申(shen)(shen)(shen)国(guo)，今南(nan)阳(yang)宛(wan)县”。正义曰(yue)：《外传(chuan)》说伯(bo)夷之(zhi)(zhi)后曰(yue)“申(shen)(shen)(shen)吕(lv)虽衰，齐(qi)许犹在”，则申(shen)(shen)(shen)吕(lv)与齐(qi)许俱出(chu)伯(bo)夷，同(tong)为(wei)姜姓也(ye)。《国(guo)语》曰(yue)“齐(qi)许申(shen)(shen)(shen)吕(lv)由(you)大姜”，言由(you)大姜而得封也(ye)。然则申(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)始封亦(yi)在周兴之(zhi)(zhi)初，其(qi)后中绝，至宣王之(zhi)(zhi)时，申(shen)(shen)(shen)伯(bo)以(yi)王舅改(gai)封於(wu)谢。《诗·大雅·崧高(gao)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇，美(mei)宣王褒赏申(shen)(shen)(shen)伯(bo)云“王命召(zhao)伯(bo)定(ding)申(shen)(shen)(shen)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)宅”是其(qi)事也(ye)。《地(di)理志》“南(nan)阳(yang)郡宛(wan)县：故申(shen)(shen)(shen)伯(bo)国(guo)”。宛(wan)县者，谓宣王改(gai)封之(zhi)(zhi)后也(ye)。以(yi)前，则不(bu)知其(qi)地(di)。

生庄公及共叔段。段出奔共，故曰共叔，犹晋侯在鄂，谓之鄂侯。
　　○共(gong)音(yin)恭。共(gong)，地(di)名(ming)。凡(fan)国名(ming)、地(di)名(ming)、人名(ming)、字、氏族、皆不重音(yin)，疑(yi)者复出，后仿此。鄂(e)，五各反。

[疏]注“段出”至“鄂侯”。
　　○正义曰：贾(jia)服(fu)以共(gong)为谥。谥法“敬(jing)长事上曰共(gong)”。作乱而出，非(fei)有共(gong)德可称，糊口四方，无(wu)人与之为谥，故(gu)知(zhi)段出奔(ben)共(gong)故(gu)称共(gong)，犹下晋侯(hou)之称鄂侯(hou)也。

庄公寤生，惊姜氏，故名曰“寤生”，遂恶之。寐寤而庄公巳生，故惊而恶之。
　　○寤，五故反(fan)。恶，乌路反(fan)。注同。

[疏]“庄公寤生，惊姜氏，故名曰寤生，遂恶之”。
　　○正义曰：谓武(wu)姜(jiang)寐时生庄公，至寤(wu)始(shi)觉其(qi)生，故杜(du)云“寐寤(wu)而庄公巳生”。

爱共叔段，欲立之。欲立以为太子。亟请於武公，公弗许。及庄公即位，为之请制。公曰：“制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。佗邑唯命。”虢叔，东虢君也。恃制岩险而不脩德，郑灭之。恐段复然，故开以佗邑。虢国，今荧阳县。
　　○亟(ji)，欺冀反，数也。为，于(yu)伪反。岩，五衔反，本又作岩。虢，瓜伯反，国名。复(fu)，扶(fu)又反。

[疏]注“虢叔”至“阳县”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：僖五年传(chuan)曰(yue)“虢(guo)仲、虢(guo)叔，王季之(zhi)(zhi)穆(mu)也(ye)(ye)”。《晋语》称(cheng)文王“敬友二(er)虢(guo)”，则(ze)(ze)虢(guo)国(guo)本有二(er)也(ye)(ye)。晋所灭者(zhe)，其(qi)国(guo)在(zai)西(xi)，故谓此为(wei)东(dong)虢(guo)也(ye)(ye)。《郑语》：史伯(bo)为(wei)桓公诈谋(mou)云(yun)(yun)：“虢(guo)叔恃(shi)势，郐仲恃(shi)险(xian)(xian)，晋有骄侈怠慢(man)之(zhi)(zhi)心。君(jun)(jun)以成(cheng)周之(zhi)(zhi)众，奉辞伐罪，无不(bu)克矣。”桓公从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)其(qi)恃(shi)险(xian)(xian)而不(bu)脩(xiu)德(de)为(wei)郑灭之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。贾逵(kui)云(yun)(yun)“虢(guo)叔封(feng)西(xi)，虢(guo)仲封(feng)东(dong)”，而此云(yun)(yun)“虢(guo)叔，东(dong)虢(guo)君(jun)(jun)”者(zhe)，言所灭之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)字叔也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)云(yun)(yun)虢(guo)仲谮(jian)其(qi)大(da)夫，谓叔之(zhi)(zhi)子孙字曰(yue)仲也(ye)(ye)。案传(chuan)燕国(guo)有二(er)，则(ze)(ze)一称(cheng)北(bei)燕；邾国(guo)有二(er)，则(ze)(ze)一称(cheng)小(xiao)邾。此虢(guo)国(guo)有二(er)而经传(chuan)不(bu)言东(dong)西(xi)者(zhe)，於时东(dong)虢(guo)巳灭，故西(xi)虢(guo)不(bu)称(cheng)西(xi)；其(qi)并存(cun)之(zhi)(zhi)日，亦应以东(dong)西(xi)别之(zhi)(zhi)。《地理志》云(yun)(yun)“河南郡荧阳县”。应劭云(yun)(yun)：故虢(guo)国(guo)，今虢(guo)亭是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

请京，使居之，谓之京城大叔。公顺姜请，使段居京，谓之“京城大叔”，言宠异於众臣。京，郑邑，今荧阳京县。
　　○大音泰，注及下皆同。祭仲曰：“都城过百雉，国之害也。祭仲，郑大夫。方丈曰堵，三堵曰雉。一雉之墙，长三丈，高一丈。侯伯之城，方五里，径三百雉，故其大都不得过百雉。
　　○过，古(gu)(gu)卧反后不音者皆同(tong)。堵，丁古(gu)(gu)反。长，直(zhi)亮反，又如(ru)字(zi)。高，古(gu)(gu)报(bao)反，又如(ru)字(zi)。径，古(gu)(gu)定反。

[疏]注“祭仲”至“百雉”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：注诸(zhu)(zhu)言(yan)“大(da)(da)夫”者，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)氏显见於(wu)传，更无卑贱之(zhi)(zhi)验者，皆以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)实是(shi)大(da)(da)夫以(yi)(yi)否，亦不可委知(zhi)也(ye)。定十二(er)(er)年《公羊传》曰“雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者何(he)？五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)板而(er)堵(du)(du)(du)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堵(du)(du)(du)而(er)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。何(he)休以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)堵(du)(du)(du)四十尺(chi)，雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)百(bai)尺(chi)。许慎《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经异义(yi)》、《戴礼(li)(li)》及《韩诗》说(shuo)，八尺(chi)为(wei)(wei)板，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)板为(wei)(wei)堵(du)(du)(du)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堵(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。板广二(er)(er)尺(chi)，积高五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)板为(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)堵(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)四丈(zhang)(zhang)。古《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)》及《左(zuo)氏》说(shuo)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)板，板广二(er)(er)尺(chi)。五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)板为(wei)(wei)堵(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)堵(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)墙，长(zhang)丈(zhang)(zhang)高丈(zhang)(zhang)。三(san)(san)(san)堵(du)(du)(du)为(wei)(wei)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)墙，长(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)高一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)，以(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)其(qi)(qi)长(zhang)者用(yong)其(qi)(qi)长(zhang)，以(yi)(yi)度(du)(du)其(qi)(qi)高者用(yong)其(qi)(qi)高也(ye)。诸(zhu)(zhu)说(shuo)不同(tong)，必(bi)以(yi)(yi)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)为(wei)(wei)正者，以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)是(shi)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)爵，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，大(da)(da)都三(san)(san)(san)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)，其(qi)(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)不过百(bai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)百(bai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)大(da)(da)都定制，因而(er)三(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)当(dang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，计五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)积千五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)步，步长(zhang)六尺(chi)，是(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)百(bai)丈(zhang)(zhang)而(er)为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)。贾逵(kui)、马(ma)融、郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)、王肃(su)之(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)为(wei)(wei)古学者，皆云(yun)雉(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang)三(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)，故杜(du)依用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，亦无正文。《周(zhou)礼(li)(li)·冬(dong)官·考工记》“匠人营(ying)国(guo)，方九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)，旁三(san)(san)(san)门”，谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)，诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)礼(li)(li)当(dang)降杀，则(ze)知(zhi)公七里(li)(li)(li)，侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，子男(nan)三(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)，以(yi)(yi)此(ci)为(wei)(wei)定说(shuo)也(ye)。但《春官·典(dian)(dian)命职(zhi)》乃(nai)称上公九(jiu)(jiu)命，侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七命，子男(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)命，其(qi)(qi)国(guo)家(jia)宫室车旗(qi)衣服礼(li)(li)仪皆以(yi)(yi)命数为(wei)(wei)节。郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)国(guo)家(jia)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)居，谓(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方也(ye)如《典(dian)(dian)命》之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，则(ze)公当(dang)九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)，侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七里(li)(li)(li)，子男(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，故郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)两解之(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)注《尚书大(da)(da)传》以(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)子九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)正说(shuo)，又(you)(you)云(yun)或者天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方十二(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)。《诗·文王有声》笺言(yan)文王城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，“方十里(li)(li)(li)。大(da)(da)於(wu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)，小(xiao)於(wu)天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)制”。《论语》注以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)公“大(da)(da)都之(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方三(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)”，皆以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子十二(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)，公九(jiu)(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)驳《异义(yi)》，又(you)(you)云(yun)“郑(zheng)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)”。以(yi)(yi)《匠人》、《典(dian)(dian)命》俱是(shi)正文，因其(qi)(qi)不同(tong)故两申其(qi)(qi)说(shuo)。今杜(du)无二(er)(er)解，以(yi)(yi)侯(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)正者，盖以(yi)(yi)《典(dian)(dian)命》所(suo)云(yun)国(guo)家(jia)者，自(zi)谓(wei)(wei)国(guo)家(jia)所(suo)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)法，礼(li)(li)仪之(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)，未必(bi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)居也(ye)。

先王之制，大都不过参国之一，三分国城之一。
　　○参，七南反(fan)，又(you)音(yin)三。中五(wu)之(zhi)一，小九之(zhi)一。今京不(bu)(bu)度(du)，非(fei)制(zhi)也。不(bu)(bu)合(he)法度(du)，非(fei)先王制(zhi)。

[疏]“大都”至“九之一”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：定以(yi)王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)九(jiu)里(li)(li)(li)，依此数计之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)王(wang)(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)长(zhang)(zhang)五(wu)百(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)。其(qi)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)，长(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)；中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)二(er)(er)百(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)步长(zhang)(zhang)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)八(ba)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)，长(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。公(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)，长(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)。其(qi)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)步，长(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)步，长(zhang)(zhang)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)二(er)(er)百(bai)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)步二(er)(er)尺，长(zhang)(zhang)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)雉(zhi)又(you)(you)二(er)(er)丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。侯伯(bo)(bo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方(fang)(fang)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)百(bai)雉(zhi)。其(qi)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)里(li)(li)(li)又(you)(you)二(er)(er)百(bai)步，长(zhang)(zhang)百(bai)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)比王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)；其(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)步四(si)(si)尺，长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)雉(zhi)又(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。子男城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)比王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)。其(qi)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)比侯伯(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)；其(qi)中(zhong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)步，长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)方(fang)(fang)百(bai)步，长(zhang)(zhang)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《考(kao)工记(ji)》曰(yue)：“王(wang)(wang)宫门(men)阿(a)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)五(wu)雉(zhi)，宫隅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)雉(zhi)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)雉(zhi)。门(men)阿(a)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)为都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)；宫隅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)为诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)。”然则(ze)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隅高(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)盖(gai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)；诸侯城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隅高(gao)(gao)(gao)七(qi)丈(zhang)(zhang)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)盖(gai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)以(yi)下，不(bu)复成城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)盖(gai)亦(yi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)三(san)(san)丈(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周礼四(si)(si)县为都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)，周公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)设法(fa)耳，但土地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形不(bu)可方(fang)(fang)平如图，其(qi)邑(yi)竟(jing)广狭无复定准，随人(ren)多(duo)少而(er)制(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)邑(yi)，故(gu)有(you)大(da)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)小(xiao)(xiao)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)焉。下邑(yi)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)，都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)亦(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)名邑(yi)。庄三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年传曰(yue)“宗邑(yi)无主(zhu)”，闵元(yuan)年传曰(yue)“分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，俱论曲沃，而(er)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)邑(yi)互言，是其(qi)名相通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

君将不堪。”公曰：“姜氏欲之，焉辟害？”对曰：“姜氏何厌之有？不如早为之所，使得其所宜。
　　○焉，於虔反。厌，於盐反。无使滋蔓！蔓，难图也。蔓草犹不可除，况君之宠弟乎？”公曰：“多行不义，必自毙，子姑待之。”毙，踣也。姑，且也。
　　○蔓音万(wan)。毙(bi)，婢世反，本(ben)又作<敝犬}，旧扶设反。踣，蒲北反。

[疏]“无使滋蔓”。
　　○正义曰：此以草喻也。草之滋长引蔓，则难可芟除，喻段之威势稍大，难可图谋也。
　　○注“毙，踣也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)：《释言(yan)》文也。孙炎(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：“前覆曰(yue)(yue)踣”。

既(ji)而大(da)叔(shu)命(ming)西(xi)鄙(bi)(bi)、北鄙(bi)(bi)贰於己。鄙(bi)(bi)，郑边邑。贰，两属(shu)。公(gong)子(zi)吕(lv)曰：“国不(bu)堪贰，君(jun)将若之何？公(gong)子(zi)吕(lv)，郑大(da)夫。

[疏]“国不堪贰”。
　　○正义曰：两属，则赋(fu)役倍；赋(fu)役倍，则国人不堪也(ye)。

欲与大叔，臣请事之；若弗与，则请除之。无生民心。”叔久不除，则举国之民当生他心。公曰：“无庸，将自及”。言无用除之，祸将自及。大叔又收贰以为己邑，前两属者，今皆取以为己邑。至于廪延。言转侵多也。廪延，郑邑。陈留酸枣县北有延津。
　　○廪，力锦反。子封曰：“可矣，厚将得众。”子封，公子吕也。厚谓土地广大。公曰：“不义不暱，厚将崩。”不义於君，不亲於兄，非众所附，虽厚必崩。
　　○暱，女(nv)乙反，亲也。

[疏]“厚将崩”。
　　○正义曰：以(yi)墙屋喻(yu)也(ye)。厚而(er)无基必自(zi)崩，喻(yu)众所不附将自(zi)败也(ye)。高大而(er)坏谓之崩。

大叔完聚，完城郭，聚人民。
　　○完音桓。

[疏]注“完城郭，聚人民”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：服虔(qian)以聚为聚禾黍也。段(duan)欲轻(qing)行袭(xi)郑，不作固(gu)守之资，故知聚为聚人，非聚粮也。完(wan)(wan)城者，谓聚人而完(wan)(wan)之，非欲守城也。

缮甲兵，具卒乘，步曰卒，车曰乘。
　　○缮，市战反。卒，尊忽反，步兵也，注及下同。乘，绳证反，注及下同。将袭郑。夫人将启之。启，开也。公闻其期，曰：“可矣！”命子封帅车二百乘以伐京。古者兵车一乘，甲士三人，步卒七十二人。京叛大叔段，段入于鄢，公伐诸鄢。五月，辛丑，大叔出奔共。共国，今汲郡共县。
　　○共音恭。汲，居及反。书曰：“郑伯克段于鄢。”段不弟，故不言弟；如二君，故曰“克”；称“郑伯”，讥失教也；谓之郑志，不言出奔，难之也。传言夫子作《春秋》，改旧史以明义。不早为之所，而养成其恶，故曰“失教”。段实出奔，而以“克”为文，明郑伯志在於杀，难言其奔。
　　○不弟，大(da)计反(fan)，又如(ru)字。难，乃旦(dan)反(fan)，注同。

[疏]“如二君，故曰克”。
　　○正义曰：谓实非二君，俊杰彊盛如是二君，伐而胜之然后称“克”，非谓真是二君也。若真是二君，则以“战”、“袭”、“败”、“取”为文。然既非二君，而杜注经云：“以君讨臣而用二君之例”又似真二君者，但杜於彼应云“以君讨臣而用如二君之例”，略其“如”字，但云“而用二君”耳。准获麟之后史文，夫子未脩之前，应云“郑伯之弟段出奔共，与秦伯之君针出奔晋同也”。以其不弟，故不言弟；志在於杀，故不言奔。然则郑伯亦是旧史之文而得为新意者。段以去弟为贬，宜以国讨为文。仍存郑伯，见其失教，其文虽是旧史，即是仲尼新意也。
　　○注“传言”至“其奔”。
　　○正义曰：经(jing)皆孔子(zi)所(suo)书(shu)，此事特言(yan)(yan)“书(shu)曰”，必(bi)是旧文。不(bu)然(ran)，夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)始改(gai)，故(gu)(gu)知传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此辞言(yan)(yan)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)作《春秋(qiu)》改(gai)旧史以(yi)(yi)明义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“克(ke)”者，战(zhan)胜(sheng)获贼(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。公(gong)伐(fa)诸鄢，段(duan)即奔(ben)共，既不(bu)交战(zhan)，亦不(bu)获段(duan)，段(duan)实(shi)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben)，而(er)以(yi)(yi)“克(ke)”为文者，此非夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，谓(wei)是郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)本(ben)志(zhi)，不(bu)欲(yu)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben)，难(nan)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)奔(ben)，志(zhi)在於杀(sha)(sha)(sha)，故(gu)(gu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)承其(qi)(qi)本(ben)志(zhi)而(er)书(shu)“克(ke)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於段(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)所(suo)锺(zhong)爱，顺(shun)母(mu)(mu)私情(qing)，分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)邑，恣(zi)其(qi)(qi)荣宠(chong)，实(shi)其(qi)(qi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)心。但大(da)叔无(wu)义，恃宠(chong)骄盈，若微加(jia)裁贬，则(ze)恐伤母(mu)(mu)意(yi)，故(gu)(gu)祭仲欲(yu)早为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，子(zi)封请往除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，公(gong)皆不(bu)许(xu)，是其(qi)(qi)无(wu)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)心也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)“必(bi)自毙”、“厚将(jiang)(jiang)崩”者，止(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)自损(sun)其(qi)(qi)身(shen)，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)恶能(neng)害(hai)(hai)国。及其(qi)(qi)谋欲(yu)袭郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，祸(huo)将(jiang)(jiang)逼身(shen)，自念友爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深，遂起初心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恨，由是志(zhi)在必(bi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)，难(nan)言(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben)。此时始有杀(sha)(sha)(sha)心，往前则(ze)无(wu)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)意(yi)。传称(cheng)“公(gong)曰：‘姜氏欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，焉(yan)辟害(hai)(hai)？’”《诗序(xu)》曰：“不(bu)胜(sheng)其(qi)(qi)母(mu)(mu)，以(yi)(yi)害(hai)(hai)其(qi)(qi)弟。”经(jing)曰：“父(fu)母(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)，亦可畏也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是迫於母(mu)(mu)命，不(bu)得裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非欲(yu)待其(qi)(qi)恶成，乃加(jia)诛(zhu)(zhu)戮也(ye)(ye)(ye)。服(fu)虔云：“公(gong)本(ben)欲(yu)养成其(qi)(qi)恶而(er)加(jia)诛(zhu)(zhu)，使不(bu)得生出(chu)(chu)，此郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)(yan)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)本(ben)有杀(sha)(sha)(sha)意(yi)，故(gu)(gu)为养成其(qi)(qi)恶，斯不(bu)然(ran)矣。传曰“称(cheng)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)，讥失教(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，止(zhi)(zhi)责郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)失於教(jiao)(jiao)诲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，不(bu)谓(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)元有杀(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。若从本(ben)以(yi)(yi)来即谋杀(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)，乃是故(gu)(gu)相屠灭，何止(zhi)(zhi)失教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有？且君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讨(tao)臣，遏其(qi)(qi)萌渐(jian)，恶虽未就，足(zu)得诛(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何须待其(qi)(qi)恶成，方始杀(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)？服(fu)言(yan)(yan)本(ben)意(yi)欲(yu)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)，乃是诬郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘炫云：“以(yi)(yi)‘克(ke)’为文，非其(qi)(qi)实(shi)状，故(gu)(gu)传解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)志(zhi)。”言(yan)(yan)仲尼(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)书(shu)“克(ke)”者，谓(wei)是郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)本(ben)志(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。注又(you)申(shen)解(jie)传意(yi)，言(yan)(yan)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)志(zhi)在於杀(sha)(sha)(sha)，心欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)克(ke)，难(nan)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)奔(ben)，故(gu)(gu)仲尼(ni)书(shu)“克(ke)”，不(bu)书(shu)奔(ben)，如郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)为文，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)恶郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯(bo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

遂寘姜氏于城颍，城颍，郑地。
　　○寘，之豉反，置也。而誓之曰：“不及黄泉，无相见也！”地中之泉，故曰黄泉。既而悔之。颍考叔为颍谷封人，封人，典封疆者。
　　○疆，居良反。

[疏]注“封人，典封疆者”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《周礼·封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)》掌“为畿封(feng)(feng)(feng)而(er)树之”，郑玄(xuan)云“畿上有(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)，若今(jin)时界也”。天(tian)子封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)职典封(feng)(feng)(feng)疆，知诸(zhu)侯封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)亦然也。传言(yan)祭仲足为祭封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)，宋高哀(ai)为萧封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)，《论(lun)语》有(you)仪(yi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)，此(ci)言(yan)颍谷(gu)封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)，皆(jie)以(yi)地名封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)。盖封(feng)(feng)(feng)人(ren)职典封(feng)(feng)(feng)疆，居在边邑。颍谷(gu)、仪(yi)、祭，皆(jie)是(shi)国之边邑也。

闻之，有献於公。公赐之食。食舍肉。公问之。对曰：“小人有母，皆尝小人之食矣，未尝君之羹，请以遗之。”食而不啜羹，欲以发问也。宋华元杀羊为羹飨士，盖古赐贱官之常。
　　○舍(she)音舍(she)。遗，唯季反，下同(tong)。啜，川悦反。华，户化反。

[疏]注“食而”至“之常”。
　　○正义曰：《礼·公食大夫(fu)》及《曲礼》所记大夫(fu)、士与客燕食，皆(jie)有牲体殽(yao)胾，非徒设羹(geng)而(er)已。此与华元飨(xiang)士唯(wei)言(yan)有羹(geng)，故疑是古赐贱官之常。

公曰：“尔有母遗，繄我独无！”繄，语助。
　　○繄，乌兮反，又乌帝反。颍考叔曰：“敢问何谓也？”据武姜在，设疑也。公语之故，且告之悔。对曰：“君何患焉？若阙地及泉，隧而相见，其谁曰不然？”隧若今延道。
　　○语，鱼据反。阙，其月反。隧音遂。公从之，公入而赋：“大隧之中，其乐也融融！”赋，赋诗也。融融，和乐也。
　　○乐音洛，注及下同。融，羊弓反。

[疏]注“赋(fu)赋(fu)”至“乐(le)也(ye)”。正(zheng)义曰：赋(fu)诗(shi)谓自作(zuo)诗(shi)也(ye)。中、融(rong)，外(wai)、洩(xie)(xie)，各自为韵(yun)。盖所赋(fu)之诗(shi)有此辞，传(chuan)略(lve)而言之也(ye)。融(rong)融(rong)和乐(le)，洩(xie)(xie)々舒(shu)散，皆是乐(le)之状，以意言之耳(er)。服虔(qian)云：“入”言公，“出(chu)”言姜(jiang)，明俱出(chu)入互相见。

姜出而赋：“大隧之外，其乐也洩々！”洩々，舒散也。
　　○洩(xie)，羊世反。遂为母(mu)子如(ru)初。君子曰(yue)：“颍考叔，纯孝也(ye)。纯犹笃也(ye)。

[疏]注“纯犹笃也”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《尔(er)雅·释诂》训(xun)纯(chun)(chun)(chun)为大，则纯(chun)(chun)(chun)孝纯(chun)(chun)(chun)臣者，谓(wei)大孝大忠也(ye)。此纯(chun)(chun)(chun)犹笃者，言孝之笃厚也(ye)。

爱其母，施及庄公。《诗》曰：‘孝子不匮，永锡尔类。’其是之谓乎！”不匮，纯孝也。庄公虽失之於初，孝心不忘，考叔感而通之。所谓“永锡尔类”，诗人之作，各以情言；君子论之，不以文害意，故《春秋传》引《诗》不皆与今说诗者同，后皆仿此。
　　○施，以(yi)豉反(fan)(fan)，又(you)式智反(fan)(fan)。匮，其(qi)位反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“诗曰”至“谓乎”。
　　○正义曰：《诗毛传》及《尔雅》之训匮，竭；永，长；锡，予；尔，女也。此《诗·大雅·既醉》之五章，言孝子为孝不有竭极之时，故能以此孝道长赐予女之族类。言行孝之至，能延及旁人，其是此事之谓乎！族类者，言俱有孝心，则是其族类也。
　　○注“不匮”至“仿此”。
　　○正义曰：颍考(kao)叔(shu)有纯孝之(zhi)行(xing)能锡(xi)庄(zhuang)公(gong)，庄(zhuang)公(gong)虽失(shi)之(zhi)於初(chu)，孝心(xin)不(bu)忘，则(ze)与颍考(kao)叔(shu)同是(shi)(shi)(shi)孝之(zhi)般(ban)类也(ye)。今(jin)考(kao)叔(shu)能感而通之(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)谓永锡(xi)尔类也(ye)。诗(shi)(shi)人之(zhi)作，各以(yi)(yi)情言。君(jun)子论之(zhi)，不(bu)以(yi)(yi)文害(hai)意，出《孟(meng)子》文也(ye)。此(ci)云《春(chun)秋(qiu)传(chuan)》引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)(shi)》不(bu)皆与今(jin)说(shuo)《诗(shi)(shi)》者同，何(he)以(yi)(yi)？昭八年(nian)注云“叔(shu)向时(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》义如此(ci)”，所以(yi)(yi)不(bu)同者，此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)丘明作传(chuan)称(cheng)君(jun)子之(zhi)言，容可引(yin)(yin)《诗(shi)(shi)》断章，评(ping)论得失(shi)，彼是(shi)(shi)(shi)叔(shu)向之(zhi)语，事近前代当时(shi)(shi)讥刺，故云“叔(shu)向时(shi)(shi)《诗(shi)(shi)》义如此(ci)”也(ye)。《诗(shi)(shi)注》意类谓子孙(sun)族类，此(ci)传(chuan)意以(yi)(yi)为(wei)事之(zhi)般(ban)类也(ye)。

秋，七月，天王使宰咺来归惠公、仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)赗。缓(huan)，且子(zi)(zi)氏未薨，故名(ming)。惠公葬(zang)在(zai)春秋前(qian)，故曰“缓(huan)”也。子(zi)(zi)氏，仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)也，薨在(zai)二年。赗，助丧(sang)之(zhi)物。

[疏]“天王”至“故名”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：缓赗(feng)惠(hui)公，生赗(feng)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，事(shi)由(you)於(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，非咺(xuan)(xuan)之(zhi)过。所以(yi)贬(bian)(bian)咺(xuan)(xuan)者(zhe)，天(tian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)至尊，不(bu)(bu)可贬(bian)(bian)责，贬(bian)(bian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)使(shi)(shi)，足见王(wang)(wang)(wang)非。且缓赗(feng)惠(hui)公，专是(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)过；生赗(feng)仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，咺(xuan)(xuan)亦有(you)愆(qian)。使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)受命(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)受辞(ci)，欲令(ling)遭(zao)时(shi)设宜(yi)，临机(ji)制变(bian)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)谓仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)巳薨，令(ling)咺(xuan)(xuan)并致其赗(feng)，仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)尚存，赗(feng)事(shi)须止。宰咺(xuan)(xuan)知(zhi)其未薨犹尚致赗(feng)，是(shi)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)达(da)时(shi)宜(yi)，耻辱君命(ming)(ming)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)任非其人，咺(xuan)(xuan)为(wei)辱命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)使(shi)(shi)，君臣一体，好恶同(tong)之(zhi)，贬(bian)(bian)咺(xuan)(xuan)亦所以(yi)责王(wang)(wang)(wang)也。文(wen)(wen)(wen)五年(nian)，“王(wang)(wang)(wang)使(shi)(shi)荣叔(shu)归含且赗(feng)”，不(bu)(bu)指所赗(feng)之(zhi)人。此指言(yan)(yan)惠(hui)公仲(zhong)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)，彼成风未葬，不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)可知(zhi)，此则(ze)(ze)惠(hui)公巳葬，子(zi)(zi)氏未薨，若不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)其人，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)为(wei)谁来(lai)赗(feng)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)九年(nian)，“秦人来(lai)归僖(xi)公、成风之(zhi)襚”，亦为(wei)年(nian)月巳远，故(gu)指其所襚，与此同(tong)也。季文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)求遭(zao)丧之(zhi)礼以(yi)行，亦豫凶事(shi)不(bu)(bu)贬(bian)(bian)者(zhe)，宰咺(xuan)(xuan)无丧致赗(feng)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)子(zi)(zi)乃量(liang)时(shi)制宜(yi)，备(bei)豫不(bu)(bu)虞，古(gu)之(zhi)善(shan)教(jiao)，与此不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。

天子七月而葬，同轨毕至；言“同轨”，以别四夷之国。
　　○别，彼列反。诸侯五月(yue)，同盟至(zhi)；同在方岳之盟。大夫(fu)三月(yue)，同位至(zhi)；古者，行(xing)役不逾时。士(shi)逾月(yue)，外(wai)姻至(zhi)。逾月(yue)，度月(yue)也。姻犹亲也。此(ci)言赴吊各以远近为(wei)差，因为(wei)葬节。

[疏]“天子”至“姻至”。
　　○正义曰：天子、诸侯、大夫、士，位既不同，礼亦异数，赴吊远近，各有等差，因其吊答以为葬节。且位高则礼大，爵卑则事小。大礼逾时乃备，小事累月即成。圣王制为常规，示民轨法，欲使各脩其典，无敢忒差。资父事君，生民之所极；哀死送终，臣子之所尽，是以未及期而葬谓之不怀，过期而葬谓之缓慢。《春秋》从实而录，以示是非。天子七月，诸侯五月者，死月葬月皆通数之也。文八年八月“天王崩”，九年二月“葬襄王”，是天子之七月也。成十八年八月“公薨于路寝”，十二月“葬我君成公”，是诸侯之五月也。宣八年传云“礼，卜葬，先远日，辟不怀也”。是卜远日不吉，乃卜近日，辟不思亲之嫌也。则未及期而葬者，不思其亲，理在可见，故传皆不言其事，唯过期乃葬者，传言缓以示讥耳。桓王以桓十五年崩，庄三年乃葬，积七年也。僖公以其三十三年十一月薨，文元年四月乃葬，薨葬中有闰，积七月也。二者并过於期，故传皆言缓以讥之也。卫桓公以隐四年三月为州吁所弑，五年四月乃葬，积十四月也。庄公以其三十二年八月薨，闵元年六月乃葬，积十一月也。二者虽亦过期，而国有事难，故传皆言“乱故，是以缓”，原其非慢，不以责臣子也。然则诸侯五月而葬，自是正法得礼，可知不假发传。而葬成公之下，传特云“书顺”者，《释例》曰：“鲁君薨葬，多不顺制，唯成公薨于路寝，五月而葬，国家安静，世適承嗣，故传见庄之缓，举成‘书顺’以包之。”然则特发此传，欲以包群公之得失，於庄见“乱故”而缓，於僖见无故而缓，於成见顺礼。传发三者，则其馀皆可知也。士逾月者，通死月亦三月也。襄十五年十一月晋侯周卒，十六年正月“葬晋悼公”。杜云“逾月而葬速”是逾月亦三月也。此注云“逾月，度月”者，言从死月至葬月其间度一月也。士与大夫不异，而别设文者，以大夫与士名位既异，因其名异，示为等差，故变其文耳，其实月数同也。“同轨”“同盟至”者，谓遣使来至，非诸侯身至。《释例》曰“万国之数至众，封疆之守至重，故天王之丧，诸侯不得越竟而奔，脩服於其国，卿共吊葬之礼。鲁侯无故而穆伯如周吊，此天子崩，诸侯遣卿共吊葬之经传也”。是言礼天子之丧，诸侯不亲奔也。其诸侯相吊，则昭三十年传云“先王之制，诸侯之丧，士吊，大夫送葬”，是正礼也。同位至，待其使还也。外姻至，亲戚毕集也。於天子言“毕至”，以下不言毕者，天子贵在尊极，海内为家，天下闻丧，无敢不至，故言“毕”也。诸侯同盟，或来或否。大夫出使，本奉君命，虽或闻丧，未必尽来，故不言毕也。此亦例而不言凡者，序巳解讫。何休《膏肓》以为礼士三月葬。今云“逾月”，《左氏》为短。郑康成云“人君殡数来日，葬数往月；大夫殡葬皆数来日来月；士殡葬皆数往日往月。士之三月，大夫之逾月也”。郑之此言天子诸侯葬数往月，於《左氏》无害，云大夫葬数来月，恐非杜旨。苏宽之意，以古礼大夫以上殡葬皆数来日来月，士殡葬数往日往月，空云古礼，事无所出，不可依用也。刘炫云“此亦例，不言凡者，诸所发凡，皆为经张例，此举葬之大期，以讥宰咺之缓，非是为葬发例，故不言凡也”。
　　○注“言同”至“之国”。
　　○正义曰：郑玄、服虔皆以轨为车辙也。王者驭天下，必令车同轨，书同文。“同轨毕至”，谓海内皆至也。四夷异俗，不可同其文轨，天子之丧，不能以时赴吊，故言“同轨”，以别四夷之国也。《周礼·巾车》木路“以封蕃国”，蕃国即四夷也。既受王命，车亦应同轨，而言别四夷者，四夷来朝天子，天子赐之车服，行於中国，自然同轨，其在本国，轨必不同。若以《巾车》之文，即言与华夏同轨，岂亦能同文也？
　　○注“同在方岳之盟”。
　　○正义曰：《周礼·司盟》“凡邦国有疑会同，则掌其盟约之载”，然则天子之合诸侯，有使诸侯共盟之礼也。王合诸侯唯有巡守，其非巡守则有事而会，会之多少唯王所命，不得有同盟常礼，礼之同盟，唯方岳耳。故《左氏》旧说，十二年三考，黜陟幽明既分，天子展义巡守，柴望既毕，诸侯遂朝，退相与盟，同好恶，奖王室。是其当方诸侯，同有方岳之盟。同盟情亲，吉凶相告，故遣使会葬也。
　　○注“古者”至“逾时”。
　　○正义曰：同(tong)位谓同(tong)为大夫、共(gong)在列位者。待(dai)其来至三(san)月待(dai)之(zhi)，故知古(gu)者於法行(xing)役不逾(yu)时也。隐五年《穀(gu)梁传(chuan)》曰“伐(fa)不逾(yu)时”，明行(xing)役聘(pin)问亦不逾(yu)时也。

赠死不及尸，尸，未葬之通称。
　　○称，尺(chi)证(zheng)反。

[疏]注“尸未葬之通称”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《曲礼(li)下》云“在床(chuang)曰(yue)尸(shi)(shi)，在棺曰(yue)柩(jiu)”。是其(qi)相对言耳。今以(yi)既葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)乃来(lai)而云“不(bu)及(ji)尸(shi)(shi)”，知(zhi)尸(shi)(shi)是未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)通称(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则尸(shi)(shi)不(bu)复见，未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)犹及(ji)见之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)以(yi)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)为限也(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)：“丧(sang)赠之(zhi)(zhi)币，车马曰(yue)赗(feng)，货财曰(yue)赙，衣服曰(yue)襚(sui)，珠玉(yu)曰(yue)含(han)(han)。然(ran)(ran)而总谓之(zhi)(zhi)赠，故(gu)传曰(yue)‘赠死不(bu)及(ji)尸(shi)(shi)’也(ye)(ye)。”然(ran)(ran)则此文(wen)虽为赗(feng)发，其(qi)实(shi)赗(feng)、赙、含(han)(han)、襚(sui)，总名为赠，但及(ji)未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)皆(jie)无所讥也(ye)(ye)。襚(sui)以(yi)衣尸(shi)(shi)，含(han)(han)以(yi)实(shi)口，大(da)敛之(zhi)(zhi)后，无所用之(zhi)(zhi)。既殡之(zhi)(zhi)后，犹致之(zhi)(zhi)者，示有恩(en)好，不(bu)以(yi)充用也(ye)(ye)。《今赞》曰(yue)：“《杂(za)记(ji)》吊含(han)(han)襚(sui)赗(feng)临之(zhi)(zhi)等，未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则苇席，既葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则蒲(pu)广。”是葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)后得行(xing)。此言缓者，《礼(li)记(ji)》后人杂(za)录，不(bu)可与传同言也(ye)(ye)。或可初葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)后则可，久则不(bu)许。

吊生不及哀。诸侯巳上，既葬则縗麻除，无哭位，谅闇终丧。
　　○上(shang)，时掌(zhang)反。縗，七雷(lei)反。谅音亮，又音良。闇，如(ru)字。

[疏]注“诸侯”至“终丧”。
　　○正义曰：昭十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传称(cheng)(cheng)穆后(hou)(hou)崩，王既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。叔(shu)向曰：“三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，虽贵(gui)(gui)遂服(fu)(fu)，礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”杜(du)(du)(du)(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，当(dang)(dang)在(zai)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)。今王既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)讥其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遂”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案僖三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祔，”杜(du)(du)(du)(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)反(fan)虞则(ze)免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，故(gu)(gu)曰‘卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)’，哭(ku)(ku)止也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。如(ru)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)，则(ze)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)与(yu)(yu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)相去非(fei)远，同(tong)在(zai)一月。《仪(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)》士三(san)虞，则(ze)天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)皆(jie)同(tong)於(wu)此(ci)。必知(zhi)然者，以(yi)(yi)(yi)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)是(shi)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馀事(shi)(shi)(shi)，共在(zai)一月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则(ze)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)麻除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)”，或(huo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)麻除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)相近故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)据(ju)《杂记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五月而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，七(qi)月而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)”，中(zhong)间既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)赊，或(huo)有(you)国事(shi)(shi)(shi)，称(cheng)(cheng)号云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)何？是(shi)知(zhi)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)与(yu)(yu)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)相连，间无事(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然《杂记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)五月而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，七(qi)月而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卒(zu)(zu)(zu)哭(ku)(ku)”者，案《释例》曰“《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》后(hou)(hou)人(ren)所作(zuo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》同(tong)”，是(shi)杜(du)(du)(du)(du)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，唯杜(du)(du)(du)(du)有(you)此(ci)说，正以(yi)(yi)(yi)《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，皆(jie)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)成君，明(ming)(ming)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)是(shi)人(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大节也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。昭十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)传曰“齐(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、卫侯(hou)(hou)(hou)、郑(zheng)(zheng)伯如(ru)晋(jin)。晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)享(xiang)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，子产(chan)相郑(zheng)(zheng)伯，辞於(wu)享(xiang)，请(qing)免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)听(ting)命。晋(jin)人(ren)许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。於(wu)时(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)有(you)简(jian)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，故(gu)(gu)请(qing)免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。其(qi)(qi)下传又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“六月，葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)郑(zheng)(zheng)简(jian)公(gong)”。丘明(ming)(ming)作(zuo)传，未尝虚(xu)举经(jing)文，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)虚(xu)言(yan)(yan)此(ci)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，得(de)非(fei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)！以(yi)(yi)(yi)此(ci)知(zhi)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)则(ze)免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)则(ze)无哭(ku)(ku)位。诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)然，知(zhi)天(tian)(tian)子亦尔。《尚书(shu)》“高(gao)宗亮阴，三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)”，《论(lun)语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“何必高(gao)宗，古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)皆(jie)然”。是(shi)天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)皆(jie)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)阴终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《晋(jin)书(shu)·杜(du)(du)(du)(du)预传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：泰始十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，元皇后(hou)(hou)崩，依汉魏旧制(zhi)，既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，帝及(ji)群臣(chen)皆(jie)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)服(fu)(fu)。疑皇太子亦应(ying)(ying)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)否(fou)？诏诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)尚书(shu)会仆射卢钦论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，唯预以(yi)(yi)(yi)为古(gu)(gu)者天(tian)(tian)子诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，始服(fu)(fu)齐(qi)斩，既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)，谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)居，心丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)士庶(shu)同(tong)礼(li)(li)(li)。於(wu)是(shi)卢钦、魏舒(shu)问预证据(ju)，预曰：《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)》晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)享(xiang)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)，子产(chan)相郑(zheng)(zheng)伯，时(shi)简(jian)公(gong)未葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，请(qing)免丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)听(ting)命。君子谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得(de)礼(li)(li)(li)，宰咺归(gui)惠公(gong)仲子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赗，传曰“吊生不(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)哀”，此(ci)皆(jie)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)服(fu)(fu)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。书(shu)传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)多(duo)，学者未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思耳。《丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)》诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)为天(tian)(tian)子亦斩衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)，岂可谓(wei)(wei)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)服(fu)(fu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？预又(you)作(zuo)议(yi)(yi)曰：“周景王有(you)后(hou)(hou)、世子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宴(yan)乐(le)(le)。晋(jin)叔(shu)向讥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰：‘三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，虽贵(gui)(gui)遂服(fu)(fu)，礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)遂，宴(yan)乐(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)早，此(ci)亦天(tian)(tian)子丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)见(jian)於(wu)古(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。称(cheng)(cheng)高(gao)宗不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘亮阴三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)’此(ci)释服(fu)(fu)心丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。讥景王，不(bu)(bu)(bu)讥其(qi)(qi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)讥其(qi)(qi)宴(yan)乐(le)(le)早，则(ze)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)应(ying)(ying)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)违(wei)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。尧丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，舜谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，故(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)‘遏密八音’。由(you)此(ci)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)子居丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，齐(qi)斩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)，菲杖(zhang)绖(die)带(dai)，当(dang)(dang)遂其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)无改於(wu)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，故(gu)(gu)曰‘百官裛已以(yi)(yi)(yi)听(ting)冢宰’。丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)服(fu)(fu)既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)更称(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美，明(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)复寝苫枕块(kuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)荒大政也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)自(zi)天(tian)(tian)子达’。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘父(fu)母(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，无贵(gui)(gui)贱一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘端衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)车(che)皆(jie)无等’。此(ci)通谓(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)子居丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，衣服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)同(tong)於(wu)凡人(ren)，心丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，亦无服(fu)(fu)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。天(tian)(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位至(zhi)尊(zun)，万几之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政至(zhi)大，群臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众至(zhi)广，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)凡人(ren)，故(gu)(gu)大行既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)，祔祭於(wu)庙，则(ze)因疏而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。已不(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)则(ze)群臣(chen)莫敢(gan)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)屈已以(yi)(yi)(yi)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)以(yi)(yi)(yi)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)，天(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)皆(jie)曰我(wo)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仁也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。屈己(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)从宜(yi)，皆(jie)曰我(wo)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝(xiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)心丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)，我(wo)王犹若(ruo)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)笃也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，凡我(wo)臣(chen)子，亦安得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)勉以(yi)(yi)(yi)崇礼(li)(li)(li)？此(ci)乃(nai)圣制(zhi)移风(feng)易俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”议(yi)(yi)奏，皇大子遂除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)衰(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)麻而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)终(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)。於(wu)时(shi)内外卒(zu)(zu)(zu)闻预议(yi)(yi)，多(duo)怪(guai)惑者，乃(nai)谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)违(wei)礼(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)合时(shi)。预谓(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)人(ren)段畅曰：兹事(shi)(shi)(shi)体大，本欲宣明(ming)(ming)古(gu)(gu)典(dian)(dian)，知(zhi)未合於(wu)当(dang)(dang)今也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，宜(yi)博采典(dian)(dian)籍，为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证据(ju)，全大分明(ming)(ming)，足以(yi)(yi)(yi)垂示将(jiang)来。畅遂敷(fu)通危疑，以(yi)(yi)(yi)弘指(zhi)趣，其(qi)(qi)论(lun)具存焉。杜(du)(du)(du)(du)议(yi)(yi)引(yin)《尚书(shu)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：亮，信也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。阴，默也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为听(ting)於(wu)冢宰，信默而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)。郑(zheng)(zheng)玄以(yi)(yi)(yi)谅(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)闇(an)(an)为凶(xiong)庐(lu)，杜(du)(du)(du)(du)所不(bu)(bu)(bu)用。

豫凶事，非礼(li)也。仲子在而来赠，故曰：“豫凶事”。

八月，纪人伐夷。夷不告，故不书。夷国在城阳庄武县，纪国在东莞剧县。隐十一年传例曰“凡诸侯有命，告则书，不然则否”。史不书於策，故夫子亦不书于经。传见其事，以明《春秋》例也。他皆仿此。
　　○筦音官。见，贤遍(bian)反，下三(san)见同。

[疏]“纪人伐夷”。
　　○正义曰：《世族谱(pu)》“纪，姜姓(xing)(xing)，侯爵(jue)。庄四年(nian)，齐灭之(zhi)(zhi)”。《世本(ben)》“夷(yi)，妘(yun)姓(xing)(xing)”。传(chuan)无其人(ren)，不知为(wei)(wei)谁所灭。《释(shi)例·土(tu)地(di)名》“夷(yi)国在城阳庄武(wu)(wu)县”。庄十(shi)六年(nian)“晋武(wu)(wu)公伐(fa)夷(yi)，执夷(yi)诡(gui)诸”。杜云“诡(gui)诸，周大夫夷(yi)采(cai)地(di)名”。《释(shi)例·土(tu)地(di)名》注为(wei)(wei)阙，则二夷(yi)别也(ye)。《世族谱(pu)》於“夷(yi)诡(gui)诸”之(zhi)(zhi)下注云“妘(yun)姓(xing)(xing)”。更无夷(yi)国，则以二夷(yi)为(wei)(wei)一。计庄武(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)县，远(yuan)在东垂，不得为(wei)(wei)周大夫之(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)邑，而晋取其地(di)，是《谱(pu)》误也(ye)。

有蜚，不为灾，亦不书。蜚，负蠜也。庄二十九年传例曰“凡物，不为灾，不书”。又於此发之者，明传之所据，非唯史策，兼采简牍之记。他皆仿此。
　　○蜚(fei)，扶味(wei)反。蠜音烦，又音盘。

[疏]注“蜚负”至“仿此”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：《释蟲》云：“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)，蠦(lu)蜰。”舍人(ren)、李(li)巡皆云“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)蠦(lu)，一名(ming)蜰”。郭璞云“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)即负(fu)(fu)盘，臭(chou)(chou)蟲”。《洪范五行传》云“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)，负(fu)(fu)蠜(fan)，夷(yi)狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所生(sheng)。其(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)蟲臭(chou)(chou)恶，南(nan)方淫女气之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)”。《本草》曰(yue)“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)，厉蟲也(ye)(ye)”。然则蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)是臭(chou)(chou)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲，害(hai)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物，故(gu)(gu)或为(wei)(wei)(wei)灾，或为(wei)(wei)(wei)不灾也(ye)(ye)。经传皆云“有(you)蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)”，则此蟲直名(ming)“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)”耳(er)，不名(ming)“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)蠦(lu)”。《尔(er)雅》所释，当言(yan)“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)”，一名(ming)“蠦(lu)蜰”。说《尔(er)雅》者言(yan)“蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)蠦(lu)”，一名(ming)“蜰”，非也(ye)(ye)。此蟲一名(ming)“负(fu)(fu)盘”，《汉书(shu)》及此注(zhu)多作(zuo)“负(fu)(fu)蠜(fan)”者，《释虫(chong)》云“草螽(zhong)，负(fu)(fu)蠜(fan)”。彼则岁时常有(you)，非灾蟲也(ye)(ye)，盖相(xiang)涉误(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)蠜(fan)耳(er)。又明(ming)下有(you)成例，此不合书(shu)，而传发之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者，明(ming)传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所据，非独正(zheng)史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策，亦(yi)(yi)兼(jian)采简(jian)牍所有(you)，故(gu)(gu)传据而言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案上传“纪(ji)人(ren)伐夷(yi)”，注(zhu)云“传见其(qi)事(shi)，以明(ming)春(chun)秋例”，则此有(you)蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)，亦(yi)(yi)明(ming)《春(chun)秋》例。此云传之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所据，非唯(wei)史策，兼(jian)采简(jian)牍，则上“纪(ji)人(ren)伐夷(yi)”，亦(yi)(yi)是兼(jian)采简(jian)牍。但“纪(ji)人(ren)伐夷(yi)”，他国不告(gao)，故(gu)(gu)以明(ming)例解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。蜚(fei)(fei)(fei)是鲁(lu)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)，故(gu)(gu)以兼(jian)采简(jian)牍言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)实二注(zhu)互以相(xiang)通。他如此类。

惠公之季年，败宋师于黄。黄，宋邑。陈留外黄县东有黄城。
　　○败，必迈(mai)反，败他也。后仿此(ci)。公立，而求成焉(yan)。九(jiu)月(yue)，及宋人盟于宿(su)，始通也。经无义例(li)，故传直言其归(gui)宿(su)而已。他皆仿此(ci)。

冬，十月，庚申，改葬惠公。公弗临，故不书。以桓为大子，故隐公让而不敢为丧主。隐摄君政，故据隐而言。惠公之薨也，有宋师，太子少，葬故有阙，是以改葬。
　　○少，诗照反。

[疏]“有宋”至“改葬”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：上云“惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之季年，败宋(song)(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)于(yu)黄。公(gong)(gong)(gong)立，而(er)求成(cheng)焉(yan)”。则隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)未立之前(qian)，惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)败宋(song)(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)也。今云“惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)之薨也，有宋(song)(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)”，盖(gai)是(shi)(shi)报黄之败来伐鲁(lu)也，隐(yin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)将兵御(yu)宋(song)(song)(song)，委(wei)葬事于(yu)太子，故有阙也。服(fu)虔以(yi)为(wei)宋(song)(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)即黄之师(shi)(shi)也。是(shi)(shi)时(shi)宋(song)(song)(song)来伐鲁(lu)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)自与(yu)战，然则隐(yin)自败宋(song)(song)(song)，还自求成(cheng)，传何当属(shu)败於惠(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)犹(you)言公(gong)(gong)(gong)立也？且薨之与(yu)葬相去(qu)既远，岂有宋(song)(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)薨时(shi)巳来成(cheng)而(er)后去(qu)？

卫侯来会葬，不见公，亦不书。诸侯会葬，非礼也。不得接公成礼，故不书於策。他皆仿此。卫国在汲郡朝歌县。
　　○朝，如字。

[疏]“卫侯来会葬”。
　　○正义曰：卫国，侯爵。《谱》云“姬姓，文王子康叔封之后也。周公既诛禄父，以其地封康叔为卫侯，居殷虚，今朝歌是也。狄灭卫文，公居楚丘。成公徙帝也。今束郡濮阳是也。桓公十三年，鲁隐公之元年也。出公辄十二年，获麟之岁也。悼公二年，《春秋》之传终矣。悼公二年卒。自悼以下，十一世二百五十五年，而秦灭卫也。《卫世家》：桓公，康叔十一世孙。《尚书·顾命》称康叔为“卫侯”，则初封侯爵也。《世家》康叔子则称“伯”，至顷侯复为侯，故今桓公为侯爵。
　　○注“诸侯”至“仿此”。
　　○正义曰：昭三(san)十年(nian)传(chuan)云(yun)“先(xian)王之制(zhi)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)之丧，士吊，大夫送葬(zang)(zang)”；昭三(san)年(nian)传(chuan)称文襄之霸，“君薨，大夫吊，卿共葬(zang)(zang)事”，皆不言(yan)诸(zhu)侯(hou)亲会(hui)葬(zang)(zang)，是诸(zhu)侯(hou)会(hui)葬(zang)(zang)非礼也。不得接公成礼，故不书(shu)(shu)。此云(yun)“不见(jian)公，不书(shu)(shu)”，介葛卢亦(yi)不见(jian)公而(er)书(shu)(shu)者(zhe)，此则公在国(guo)而(er)不与卫侯(hou)相(xiang)见(jian)，故不书(shu)(shu)；彼则公身(shen)在会(hui)，国(guo)人宾(bin)礼之，又欲见(jian)其一(yi)年(nian)再来，故书(shu)(shu)之也。

郑共叔之乱，公孙滑出奔卫。公孙滑，共叔段之子。
　　○滑，于八反，又乎八反。卫人为之伐郑，取廪延。郑人以王师、虢师伐卫南鄙。虢，西虢国也。弘农陕县东南有虢城。
　　○为，于伪反。陕，失冉反。依字作陕。请师於邾，邾子使私於公子豫。公子豫，鲁大夫。私请师。
　　○豫音预。豫请往，公(gong)弗许(xu)，遂行(xing)。及(ji)邾人(ren)、郑人(ren)盟于翼。翼，邾地。不书，非公(gong)命(ming)也。

新(xin)作(zuo)南门。不(bu)(bu)书(shu)，亦非公命(ming)也。非公命(ming)，不(bu)(bu)书(shu)，三(san)见者，皆(jie)兴作(zuo)大事(shi)，各举(ju)以(yi)备文。

十二月(yue)，祭伯来，非王命也。

众父卒，众父，公子益师字。
　　○众音终。公不与小敛，故不书日。礼，卿佐之丧，小敛大敛君皆亲临之，崇恩厚也。始死，情之所笃，礼之所崇，故以小敛为文。至於但临大敛及不临丧，亦同不书日。
　　○与音(yin)预。敛(lian)，力验反(fan)，注皆(jie)同。

[疏]注“礼卿”至“书日”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：《丧(sang)大(da)记》君临臣丧(sang)之礼云“君於大(da)夫(fu)，大(da)敛(lian)(lian)焉。为(wei)之赐，则小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)焉”。卿(qing)是(shi)大(da)夫(fu)之尊者也，明小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)大(da)敛(lian)(lian)君皆(jie)亲(qin)之，所(suo)以崇(chong)恩(en)厚也。小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)大(da)敛(lian)(lian)皆(jie)应亲(qin)之，独以小(xiao)敛(lian)(lian)为(wei)文(wen)，故(gu)知(zhi)始死情之所(suo)笃故(gu)也。贾逵云“不(bu)(bu)与大(da)敛(lian)(lian)，则不(bu)(bu)书(shu)卒”。然则在殡(bin)又不(bu)(bu)往者，复欲何以裁之？经传(chuan)无其事，不(bu)(bu)宜妄说，故(gu)杜以为(wei)但(dan)临大(da)敛(lian)(lian)及不(bu)(bu)临其丧(sang)亦(yi)同(tong)不(bu)(bu)书(shu)日也。

【经】二年，春，公会戎于潜。（戎狄夷蛮，皆氐羌之别种也。戎而书会者，顺其俗以为礼，皆谓居中国若戎子驹支者。陈留济阳县东南有戎城。潜，鲁地。
　　○氐，都兮反。羌(qiang)，郤(xi)良反。种，章勇反。驹音拘(ju)。济，子礼反，水名(ming)，凡地名(ming)皆同。）

[疏]注“戎狄”至“鲁地”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《曲礼(li)(li)》云(yun)“东夷、西戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)、南(nan)蛮(man)、北狄”，然(ran)则四者是九州之(zhi)外别(bie)名也(ye)(ye)。《诗·商颂》曰“自彼氐羌”，氐羌，西戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)之(zhi)国名也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)欲明其(qi)在远，无以相(xiang)形(xing)，故(gu)云(yun)“氐羌之(zhi)别(bie)种(zhong)”，谓是相(xiang)类之(zhi)物耳，非谓四者是羌内之(zhi)别(bie)也(ye)(ye)，其(qi)实(shi)氐羌乃是戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)内之(zhi)别(bie)耳。戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)子驹支(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)“我诸戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)饮食(shi)衣服，不(bu)(bu)与华同，贽(zhi)币不(bu)(bu)通，言语不(bu)(bu)达”，计应不(bu)(bu)堪会(hui)盟，故(gu)解云(yun)“言顺其(qi)俗以为礼(li)(li)”也(ye)(ye)。沈氏云(yun)“会(hui)据(ju)公往，戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)为主人，故(gu)得随(sui)主人之(zhi)俗以为会(hui)礼(li)(li)。朝(chao)据(ju)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)来(lai)，鲁为主人，戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)不(bu)(bu)能从主人之(zhi)俗，故(gu)朝(chao)礼(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)”。戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)是西方(fang)之(zhi)夷，必不(bu)(bu)远来(lai)会(hui)鲁，故(gu)知(zhi)谓居(ju)中国若戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)子驹支(zhi)(zhi)者也(ye)(ye)。驹支(zhi)(zhi)事见襄十四年(nian)。

夏，五月，莒人入向。向，小国也。谯国龙亢县东南有向城。莒国，今城阳莒县也。将卑师少称“人”，弗地曰“入”。例在襄十三年。
　　○向(xiang)，舒亮反。谯，在遥反。亢音刚，又苦浪反。将，子匠反。

[疏]“莒人入向”。
　　○正义曰：《世本》“莒，己姓。向，姜姓”。此传云“莒人入向，以姜氏还”。文八年传称穆伯“奔莒，从己氏”。是莒己、向姜见於传也。《谱》云“莒，嬴姓，少昊之后。周武王封兹与於莒。初都计，后徙莒。今城阳莒县是也”。《世本》：“自纪公以下为己姓。”不知谁赐之姓者。十一世兹丕公方见《春秋》，共公以下微弱不复见。四世楚灭之。向则唯此见经，不能知其终始。
　　○注“向小”至“三年”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)称“人(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)礼(li)》“万二千五(wu)百(bai)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)，二千五(wu)百(bai)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，五(wu)百(bai)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)旅(lv)(lv)”。用兵多少(shao)(shao)，其数无常，重(zhong)其举(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事，动大(da)(da)(da)(da)众，满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)之，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)。轻(qing)其众少(shao)(shao)，故(gu)经(jing)(jing)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)旅(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)。师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，众也(ye)(ye)。虽复五(wu)军(jun)三(san)军(jun)，悉皆以(yi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)，取其众义(yi)，故(gu)经(jing)(jing)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)军(jun)也(ye)(ye)。《释例(li)》曰(yue)“《春秋》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)军(jun)旅(lv)(lv)，壹(yi)皆曰(yue)‘师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’，从(cong)(cong)众辞，是(shi)其义(yi)也(ye)(ye)。经(jing)(jing)之大(da)(da)(da)(da)例(li)，君自(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)君不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；卿(qing)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)，满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)并书(shu)(shu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)则(ze)(ze)空举(ju)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)名(ming)(ming)；大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)，满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)称师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)则(ze)(ze)称人(ren)。所(suo)以(yi)然(ran)者(zhe)(zhe)，定四年传曰(yue)‘君行师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)，卿(qing)行旅(lv)(lv)从(cong)(cong)’，则(ze)(ze)君行必(bi)有师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卿(qing)行必(bi)有旅(lv)(lv)，文虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)，理足可明(ming)。君将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)帅(shuai)(shuai)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卿(qing)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)帅(shuai)(shuai)旅(lv)(lv)，以(yi)其可知故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。卿(qing)行不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)从(cong)(cong)，今乃帅(shuai)(shuai)领一(yi)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)；卿(qing)尊(zun)(zun)自(zi)合书(shu)(shu)各，师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文又须(xu)别见(jian)，故(gu)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)并举(ju)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)某帅(shuai)(shuai)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。其师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)者(zhe)(zhe)，卿(qing)自(zi)须(xu)见(jian)，唯(wei)举(ju)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)名(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)帅(shuai)(shuai)旅(lv)(lv)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)众少(shao)(shao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足录也(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)爵(jue)位卑下，名(ming)(ming)氏不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合见(jian)经(jing)(jing)，但(dan)所(suo)帅(shuai)(shuai)满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)须(xu)见(jian)，故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)；若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)，一(yi)旅(lv)(lv)之众，则(ze)(ze)例(li)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)位卑，又名(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)当见(jian)，则(ze)(ze)空举(ju)其将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)，谓之为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)，人(ren)即大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)身也(ye)(ye)。其将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)尊(zun)(zun)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)及(ji)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众，若其序列，则(ze)(ze)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众者(zhe)(zhe)在上，襄二年‘晋师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宋(song)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、卫甯(ning)殖侵郑’是(shi)也(ye)(ye)”。隐五(wu)年《公羊传》曰(yue)“曷(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)或(huo)言(yan)(yan)(yan)率师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，或(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)率师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)？将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)尊(zun)(zun)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众称某率师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)尊(zun)(zun)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)称将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)；将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众称师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)称人(ren)。君将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)率师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，书(shu)(shu)其重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”。《释例(li)》曰(yue)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)称师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)称人(ren)而已(yi)。卿(qing)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)满(man)(man)(man)(man)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)两书(shu)(shu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)满(man)(man)(man)(man)则(ze)(ze)直书(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)氏。君将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)帅(shuai)(shuai)师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，卿(qing)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)帅(shuai)(shuai)旅(lv)(lv)。此史(shi)策记注之常”。此用《公羊》为(wei)(wei)(wei)说也(ye)(ye)。刘纟玄(xuan)云(yun)“盟会例(li)，卿(qing)则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)名(ming)(ming)氏，非卿(qing)则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)人(ren)。人(ren)当名(ming)(ming)氏之处，由(you)是(shi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)卑师(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)少(shao)(shao)则(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)人(ren)，亦(yi)与盟会同”。

无骇帅师入极。无骇，鲁卿。极，附庸小国。无骇不书氏，未赐族。赐族例在八年。
　　○骇，户(hu)楷反。

[疏]注“无骇”至“八年”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《春秋》之(zhi)例(li)，卿乃(nai)见(jian)(jian)经。今(jin)名(ming)书(shu)於(wu)(wu)经，传(chuan)言(yan)(yan)“司空”，故(gu)知无(wu)(wu)(wu)骇是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鲁(lu)卿。诸名(ming)书(shu)於(wu)(wu)经，皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)一注(zhu)，以(yi)(yi)下(xia)不复言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。又《王制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“上大(da)(da)夫(fu)卿”，则(ze)卿亦(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)注(zhu)多以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)言(yan)(yan)卿。下(xia)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“裂(lie)繻纪大(da)(da)夫(fu)”，如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)类(lei)，皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)卿也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)各见(jian)(jian)於(wu)(wu)传(chuan)，而注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)夫(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)其(qi)(qi)爵真大(da)(da)夫(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《穀梁》以(yi)(yi)极(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)国，杜云(yun)(yun)(yun)“附庸”者(zhe)(zhe)，沈云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)费伯帅师城(cheng)郎，因得(de)(de)胜极(ji)(ji)(ji)”，则(ze)极(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)竟内(nei)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“附庸”。凡卿出使，必具(ju)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)氏以(yi)(yi)尊(zun)君(jun)命。今(jin)不书(shu)氏，故(gu)解(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“未赐(ci)族”，无(wu)(wu)(wu)族可(ke)称故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。贾云(yun)(yun)(yun)“极(ji)(ji)(ji)，戎(rong)(rong)邑也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。极(ji)(ji)(ji)为(wei)戎(rong)(rong)邑，传(chuan)无(wu)(wu)(wu)文焉(yan)。戎(rong)(rong)之(zhi)於(wu)(wu)鲁(lu)，本(ben)(ben)无(wu)(wu)(wu)怨恶。言(yan)(yan)脩惠公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)好(hao)(hao)，则(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)求与鲁(lu)亲(qin)。公(gong)(gong)未信(xin)戎(rong)(rong)心(xin)，故(gu)辞其(qi)(qi)盟耳(er)。秋即与盟，复脩戎(rong)(rong)好(hao)(hao)。若(ruo)己共(gong)戎(rong)(rong)会，故(gu)不与盟；旋令师入(ru)其(qi)(qi)都(dou)，然后(hou)结好(hao)(hao)，其(qi)(qi)为(wei)恶行，亦(yi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)过，让(rang)位贤(xian)君(jun)，固应不尔。良史直笔(bi)，焉(yan)得(de)(de)无(wu)(wu)(wu)讥(ji)？传(chuan)乃(nai)本(ben)(ben)其(qi)(qi)胜之(zhi)所(suo)由，而归功於(wu)(wu)费伯也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

秋，八月，庚辰，公及戎盟于唐。高平方与县北有武唐亭。八月无庚辰，庚辰，七月九日也。日月必有误。
　　○方音房。与音预(yu)。

[疏]注“高平”至“有误”。
　　○正义曰：杜勘检(jian)经传上(shang)下(xia)月(yue)(yue)日(ri)(ri)，制为《长历(li)》。此(ci)年八月(yue)(yue)壬(ren)寅朔，其月(yue)(yue)三(san)日(ri)(ri)甲(jia)辰(chen)，十五日(ri)(ri)丙辰(chen)，二十七日(ri)(ri)戊(wu)辰(chen)，其月(yue)(yue)无庚辰(chen)也。七月(yue)(yue)壬(ren)申朔，则(ze)九日(ri)(ri)有(you)(you)庚辰(chen)。杜观上(shang)下(xia)，若月(yue)(yue)不容(rong)误，则(ze)指言(yan)日(ri)(ri)误；若日(ri)(ri)不容(rong)误，则(ze)指言(yan)月(yue)(yue)误。此(ci)则(ze)上(shang)有(you)(you)秋，下(xia)有(you)(you)九月(yue)(yue)，则(ze)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)俱得有(you)(you)误，故云“日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)必(bi)有(you)(you)误”也。

九月，纪裂繻来逆女。裂繻，纪大夫。传曰“卿为君逆也”，以别卿自逆也。逆女或称使，或不称使。昏礼不称主人，史各随其实，而书非例也。他皆仿此。
　　○裂音列(lie)。繻音须。为，于伪反，下(xia)“为鲁”同。别，彼列(lie)反。

[疏]注“裂繻”至“仿此”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：此书(shu)(shu)“逆(ni)(ni)女”，传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“卿(qing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。宣“五年(nian)齐高固来(lai)逆(ni)(ni)叔姬”。传(chuan)(chuan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“书(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘逆(ni)(ni)叔姬’，卿(qing)自(zi)(zi)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)逆(ni)(ni)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)女，自(zi)(zi)逆(ni)(ni)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)书(shu)(shu)字，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云以(yi)(yi)别卿(qing)自(zi)(zi)逆(ni)(ni)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《释例》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“天子娶”，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘逆(ni)(ni)王后’；卿(qing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)逆(ni)(ni)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘逆(ni)(ni)女’；其(qi)自(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)逆(ni)(ni)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)(suo)逆(ni)(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字，尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。此不(bu)(bu)言(yan)纪侯(hou)使(shi)(shi)(shi)裂(lie)(lie)繻，而成八年(nian)经书(shu)(shu)“宋(song)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)寿来(lai)纳币”，俱是(shi)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)礼，而立文(wen)不(bu)(bu)同，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)礼不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主人者(zhe)，主人谓婿也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)廉耻(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，不(bu)(bu)欲自(zi)(zi)言(yan)娶妇，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)卿(qing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)昏(hun)(hun)(hun)行者(zhe)，必禀君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)。妇人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)不(bu)(bu)得通於邻国(guo)，若言(yan)卿(qing)辄自(zi)(zi)来(lai)，非君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)命(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)裂(lie)(lie)繻不(bu)(bu)言(yan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)无(wu)母者(zhe)，臣无(wu)所(suo)(suo)禀，不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)命(ming)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)寿言(yan)宋(song)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。史皆随其(qi)实事(shi)而书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非褒贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“何(he)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)使(shi)(shi)(shi)？礼不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主人。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曷(he)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)？称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)诸(zhu)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)师友。宋(song)公(gong)(gong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)孙(sun)寿来(lai)纳币，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主人何(he)？辞穷也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辞穷者(zhe)何(he)？无(wu)母也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)纪有(you)母乎？曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘有(you)。’有(you)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)何(he)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)母？母不(bu)(bu)通也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)妇人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)通外国(guo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)(shi)(shi)，亦不(bu)(bu)言(yan)母命(ming)，作(zuo)自(zi)(zi)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《公(gong)(gong)羊》言(yan)无(wu)母者(zhe)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)师友，宋(song)公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)者(zhe)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)臣其(qi)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)得称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《昏(hun)(hun)(hun)礼记》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“宗(zong)子无(wu)父(fu)母命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，亲皆没(mei)，巳(si)躬命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。以(yi)(yi)宗(zong)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊尚(shang)不(bu)(bu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)，况诸(zhu)侯(hou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)？其(qi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)父(fu)兄(xiong)(xiong)师友，谓大夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)下非宗(zong)子者(zhe)耳。《昏(hun)(hun)(hun)礼记》所(suo)(suo)云“支子则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)宗(zong)，弟称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)兄(xiong)(xiong)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

冬(dong)，十(shi)月(yue)，伯姬归(gui)于纪。无传(chuan)。伯姬，鲁女，裂(lie)繻所(suo)逆者。

纪子帛、莒子盟于密。子帛，裂繻字也。莒鲁有怨，纪侯既昏于鲁，使大夫盟莒以和解之。子帛为鲁结好息民，故传曰“鲁故也”。比之内大夫而在莒子上，称字以嘉之也。字例在闵元年。密，莒邑。城阳淳于县东北有密乡。
　　○帛(bo)音白。解，如(ru)字，又户买反(fan)。好，呼(hu)报反(fan)。

[疏]注“子帛”至“密乡”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：杜云(yun)“比之(zhi)内大夫而在莒子(zi)上”者(zhe)，案诸经文，鲁大夫出(chu)会他国(guo)，皆先书鲁大夫，下即云(yun)及某人。今子(zi)帛(bo)之(zhi)下不云(yun)及者(zhe)，不可(ke)全同鲁大夫故也。

十有二(er)月，乙卯，夫人(ren)子(zi)氏薨。无传。桓(huan)(huan)未为(wei)君，仲子(zi)不应称(cheng)夫人(ren)。隐让桓(huan)(huan)以(yi)为(wei)大子(zi)，成其母丧以(yi)赴诸侯，故经於(wu)此(ci)称(cheng)夫人(ren)也。不反哭，故不书葬(zang)，例(li)在三年(nian)。

[疏]注“桓未”至“三年”。
　　○正义曰：妾(qie)子为(wei)君，其母成(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)，敬嬴、齐归(gui)是也(ye)(ye)。仲(zhong)子实妾(qie)，桓未为(wei)君，故仲(zhong)子不(bu)应称(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。今称(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)薨(hong)(hong)，是隐成(cheng)(cheng)之，让桓为(wei)大(da)子，成(cheng)(cheng)其母丧。传例(li)曰“不(bu)赴则不(bu)曰薨(hong)(hong)”，故知称(cheng)(cheng)“薨(hong)(hong)”是赴於诸(zhu)侯(hou)，故经於此(ci)称(cheng)(cheng)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。五年，“考仲(zhong)子之宫”，《公羊传》曰“桓未君，则曷为(wei)祭(ji)仲(zhong)子？隐为(wei)桓立，故为(wei)桓祭(ji)其母也(ye)(ye)。然则何言尔(er)？成(cheng)(cheng)公意也(ye)(ye)”。是言隐公成(cheng)(cheng)仲(zhong)子为(wei)夫(fu)(fu)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。

郑人伐(fa)卫。凡师有锺鼓曰伐(fa)。例在庄二十九(jiu)年。

【传】二年，春，公会戎于潜，脩惠公之好也。戎请盟，公辞。（许其脩好，而不许其盟。御夷狄者不壹而足。
　　○好，呼报反，注及(ji)下(xia)同。）

[疏]注“许其”至“而足”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：戎贪(tan)而(er)无信，盟(meng)(meng)或背之。公未得(de)戎意，恐好(hao)不(bu)久成，故不(bu)许(xu)其盟(meng)(meng)也(ye)。“御夷狄(di)者不(bu)壹而(er)足(zu)”，文九年《公羊传》文，言制御夷狄(di)，当以渐教之，不(bu)一度而(er)即使足(zu)也(ye)。

莒子娶于向，向姜不安莒而归。夏，莒人入向，以姜氏还。传言失昏姻之义。凡得失小故，经无异文，而传备其事，案文则是非足以为戒。他皆仿此。
　　○还音旋，后皆同。

司空无骇入极，费庈父胜之。鲁司徒、司马、司空、皆卿也。庈父，费伯也。前年城郎，今因得以胜极，故传於前年发之。
　　○庈音琴。戎请盟。秋，盟于唐，复脩戎好也。
　　○复，扶又反。

九月，纪裂繻来逆女，卿为君逆也。
　　○为，于伪反。

冬(dong)，纪子(zi)帛、莒(ju)子(zi)盟于密(mi)，鲁(lu)故(gu)也。

郑人伐卫，讨公孙滑之(zhi)乱也(ye)。治元年(nian)取廪延之(zhi)乱。

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