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周礼注疏·卷二十九在线阅读

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●卷四

  大司马之职,掌建邦国之九(jiu)法,以(yi)佐(zuo)王平邦国。(平,成也,正也。)

[疏]“大司”至“邦国”
  ○释曰:此“九法(fa)”已(yi)下(xia),皆言邦国(guo),则施於诸侯为主,故(gu)云邦国(guo)也。云“以(yi)佐王(wang)平(ping)邦国(guo)”者,九法(fa)以(yi)纠察诸侯,使之(zhi)(zhi)成正,故(gu)以(yi)平(ping)言之(zhi)(zhi)也。但此九法(fa),据殷(yin)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)时建之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)《大行人》云“殷(yin)同(tong)以(yi)施天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)”,注云:“政(zheng)谓(wei)邦国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)九法(fa)。”则殷(yin)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)时,司马(ma)明布告之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云建也。

制畿封国以正邦国,(封,谓立封於疆为界。
  ○畿,音祈。)

[疏]“制畿”至“邦国”
  ○释曰:谓制诸(zhu)侯五百、四百里之等,各有封疆(jiang),界分(fen)乃得(de)正(zheng),故云(yun)“以正(zheng)邦国(guo)”。

设仪辨位以等邦国,(仪,谓诸侯及诸臣之仪。辨,别也,别尊卑之位。
  ○别,彼列反,下皆同。)

[疏]注“仪谓”至“之位”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):郑知仪(yi)中(zhong)有(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)及诸(zhu)臣(chen)者,以(yi)此(ci)经云(yun)(yun)等邦国。按《大行人》云(yun)(yun):“以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)辨诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming),等诸(zhu)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)爵(jue)。”郑云(yun)(yun):“九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi),谓命(ming)(ming)(ming)者五,公侯(hou)伯子(zi)男(nan)也(ye)。爵(jue)者四,孤卿大夫(fu)士也(ye)。”知九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)中(zhong)唯有(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou)诸(zhu)臣(chen),无天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)。按《大宗伯》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming),正(zheng)邦国之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)”,注云(yun)(yun)“每命(ming)(ming)(ming)异仪(yi)”,则(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)仪(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)谓一命(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)至(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi)。其中(zhong)有(you)六命(ming)(ming)(ming)、八命(ming)(ming)(ming)并九(jiu)(jiu)命(ming)(ming)(ming)作伯兼有(you)王臣(chen),则(ze)与(yu)此(ci)异也(ye)。

进贤兴功以作邦国,(兴犹举也。作,起也。起其劝善乐业之心,使不惰废。
  ○乐业,如(ru)字,又音洛(luo),一音五(wu)教反。)

[疏]“进贤”至“邦国”
  ○释曰(yue):“进贤”,诸臣(chen)(chen)旧在位,有(you)(you)德行者,并草莱有(you)(you)德行未遇爵命者,进之(zhi)(zhi),使称才(cai)仕用。兴,举(ju)(ju)也。臣(chen)(chen)有(you)(you)功者,举(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)使任用。作,起(qi)也。以臣(chen)(chen)有(you)(you)贤有(you)(you)功,举(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)与官,则起(qi)邦国之(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)劝善(shan)(shan)乐业之(zhi)(zhi)心,使不惰(duo)废善(shan)(shan)业也。

建牧立监以维邦国,(牧,州牧也。监,监国,谓君也。维犹连结也。
  ○监,古衔反。)

[疏]“建牧”至“邦国”
  ○释曰:二(er)百一十国以(yi)为州(zhou),州(zhou)有牧(mu),使维(wei)持诸侯。又一国立(li)一监,以(yi)监察一国,上(shang)下相维(wei),故云“以(yi)维(wei)邦(bang)国”也(ye)。此则《大宰》云“建其(qi)牧(mu),立(li)其(qi)监,亦一也(ye)。

制军诘禁以纠邦国,(诘犹穷治也。纠犹正也。
  ○诘,去吉反。)

[疏]“制军”至“邦国”
  ○释曰:按:上文大国三军,次国二军,小国一军也。诘禁者,按《士师》有“五(wu)禁”,天子礼。此诸侯国,亦当有五(wu)禁以相(xiang)穷治、相(xiang)纠(jiu)正(zheng),故云“以纠(jiu)邦国也”。

施贡分(fen)职以(yi)任邦国,(职谓职税也(ye)。任犹事(shi)也(ye)。事(shi)以(yi)其力(li)之所堪。)

[疏]“施贡”至“邦国”
  ○释(shi)曰:施贡多少,据(ju)(ju)国(guo)地大(da)小,故(gu)《地官》大(da)国(guo)贡半,次国(guo)三之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),小国(guo)四之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),皆由天(tian)子(zi)施之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)《大(da)宰(zai)》九贡,并《小行(xing)(xing)人》春(chun)令入贡,皆是岁之(zhi)(zhi)常贡,与《大(da)行(xing)(xing)人》因朝(chao)而(er)贡者(zhe)异(yi)也。分职者(zhe),即《大(da)宰(zai)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)云九职是也。彼据(ju)(ju)畿内,此(ci)据(ju)(ju)诸侯(hou)。诸侯(hou)邦(bang)国(guo)亦由天(tian)子(zi)分之(zhi)(zhi),使民有职业(ye),因使税(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)税(shui)者(zhe),市之(zhi)(zhi)以充贡。若然,言贡,据(ju)(ju)向(xiang)天(tian)子(zi)而(er)言。云税(shui),据(ju)(ju)民所(suo)(suo)(suo)为为说。事(shi)相因,皆所(suo)(suo)(suo)以任邦(bang)国(guo),故(gu)云“以任邦(bang)国(guo)”也。

简稽乡民以用邦国,(简谓比数之。稽犹计也。
  ○乡,许亮反。)

[疏]“简稽”至“邦国”
  ○释曰:注云(yun)“简(jian)谓比数之稽犹(you)计也”,谓比数计会(hui)乡民(min)而用之,故云(yun)“以用邦国”也。

均(jun)守(shou)平则(ze)以(yi)安邦国,(诸侯(hou)有土地者均(jun)之,尊者守(shou)大,卑者守(shou)小。则(ze),法也(ye)。)

[疏]“均守”至“邦国”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):言(yan)“均守(shou)”,谓(wei)五(wu)等诸侯有五(wu)等受地,“五(wu)百(bai)里”已下是(shi)均守(shou)也。“平则”者,则,法也,比谓(wei)五(wu)等职(zhi)贡之等皆有常法,邦(bang)国获安(an),故(gu)云“以安(an)邦(bang)国”。

比小事大以和邦国。(比犹亲。使大国亲小国,小国事大国,相合和也。《易·比·象》曰:“先王以建万国,亲诸侯。”
  ○比,毗(pi)志反(fan),注(zhu)同。)

[疏]注“比犹”至“诸侯”
  ○释(shi)曰:按(an)(an)《司仪》,有(you)五等(deng)(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)自相(xiang)为(wei)(wei)宾,亦有(you)五等(deng)(deng)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)之臣相(xiang)为(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)客。按(an)(an)《春(chun)秋》,有(you)小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)朝大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo),大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)聘小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。故郑云使(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)亲小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo),释(shi)经比小(xiao)也(ye)。云“小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)事(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)”,释(shi)经事(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da),使(shi)相(xiang)合(he)和(he),故云“以(yi)和(he)邦国(guo)(guo)(guo)”也(ye)。引《易·比·象》者,其卦坤下坎上,坤为(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu),坎为(wei)(wei)水,水得(de)土(tu)(tu)而流,土(tu)(tu)得(de)水而柔,是水土(tu)(tu)和(he)合(he)。故象先王建万国(guo)(guo)(guo),亲诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou),谓(wei)法卦行事(shi)(shi),使(shi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)相(xiang)亲。引之者,证(zheng)比小(xiao)事(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)之义(yi)。

以九伐之法正邦国,(诸侯有违王命,则出兵以征伐之,所以正之也。诸侯之于国,如树木之有根本,是以言伐云。
  ○伐,如字,刘扶发反(fan)。)

[疏]注“诸侯”至“伐云”
  ○释曰:郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)有违(wei)王(wang)命,则出兵以(yi)(yi)征伐之(zhi)(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)正之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此经与下(xia)文为(wei)目,则下(xia)九者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)违(wei)王(wang)命者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。若然(ran),按(an)(an)下(xia)文九者(zhe)(zhe),唯有“贼贤害民”一者(zhe)(zhe)称伐,其馀八者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)不言(yan)伐。此经总言(yan)伐者(zhe)(zhe),侵灭二者(zhe)(zhe)亦是(shi)(shi)伐之(zhi)(zhi)例,其馀六(liu)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)先以(yi)(yi)兵加其境,服乃眚之(zhi)(zhi)、单之(zhi)(zhi)、削之(zhi)(zhi)、正之(zhi)(zhi)、残之(zhi)(zhi)、杜之(zhi)(zhi),故皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)伐言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)国,如树(shu)木之(zhi)(zhi)有根本,是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)言(yan)伐云(yun)(yun)(yun)”者(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《月令·孟夏》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)伐大树(shu)”,孔(kong)子云(yun)(yun)(yun):“伐一木不以(yi)(yi)其时(shi)(shi),非孝子。”是(shi)(shi)树(shu)木称伐。此九伐施(shi)於(wu)邦国,在於(wu)时(shi)(shi)会之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《大行人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“时(shi)(shi)会以(yi)(yi)发四方之(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“禁(jin)谓九伐之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)”,是(shi)(shi)当时(shi)(shi)会者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

冯弱犯寡则眚之,(冯犹乘陵也,言不字小而侵侮之。眚犹人眚瘦也,《王霸语》曰“四面削其地”。
  ○冯(feng),皮冰反。眚,所景(jing)反。瘦,所又反。)

[疏]注“冯犹”至“其地”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“冯弱”,据以强(qiang)陵弱。云(yun)“犯寡”,据以大侵小。如此者(zhe),眚(sheng)瘦其(qi)地(di),使(shi)不(bu)得(de)强(qiang)大也。引《王(wang)霸(ba)(ba)记》者(zhe),其(qi)记王(wang)及霸(ba)(ba)事者(zhe)。云(yun)“四面削其(qi)地(di)”者(zhe),对下文(wen)削之者(zhe)示四面削之为异也。

贼贤害民则伐之,(《春秋传》曰:“粗者曰侵,精者曰伐。”又曰:“有锺鼓曰伐。”则伐者,兵入其竟,鸣锺鼓以往,所以声其罪。
  ○粗,音(yin)[B331],本亦作[B331]。竟,音(yin)境。)

[疏]注“春秋”至“其罪”
  ○释曰(yue):云“贼贤(xian)”者(zhe),乱王所(suo)任同己者(zhe),如此(ci)(ci)(ci),则贼虐谏辅,故云贼贤(xian)也(ye)。云“害(hai)民”者(zhe),以(yi)君臣俱恶,重赋多徭,其民被害(hai),故曰(yue)害(hai)民。如此(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe),则声锺鼓伐之也(ye)。引(yin)《春秋传(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe),按庄(zhuang)十年:“二月,公(gong)(gong)侵(qin)宋。”《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“角者(zhe)曰(yue)侵(qin),精者(zhe)曰(yue)伐。”何休云:“角,粗也(ye)。”彼(bi)不言粗,此(ci)(ci)(ci)言粗者(zhe),郑读传(chuan)(chuan)与(yu)何异(yi),角即(ji)粗,义亦同也(ye)。又(you)曰(yue)“有锺鼓曰(yue)伐”者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)庄(zhuang)二十九年夏,郑人侵(qin)许(xu),《左(zuo)氏传(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue):“凡师(shi)有锺鼓曰(yue)伐,无曰(yue)侵(qin)。”引(yin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)二者(zhe),皆(jie)证侵(qin)轻伐重之义也(ye)。

暴内陵外则坛之,(内谓其国,外谓诸侯。“坛”读如“同单”之单。《王霸记》曰“置之空单之地”。郑司农云:“坛读从‘惮之以威’之惮,书亦或为单。”玄谓置之空单,以出其君,更立其次贤者。
  ○坛(tan),依注作单(dan),音(yin)善。惮之以,徒旦(dan)反,下同,本(ben)或(huo)无之字。)

[疏]“暴内”至“坛之”
  ○释曰:“暴内”,即上云“贼贤害民”是也。“陵外”,即上云“冯弱犯寡”是也。上二文各有其一,故伐之、眚之,不夺其位。此则外内之恶兼有,故坛之,夺其位,立其次贤。
  ○注“内谓”至“贤者”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)云“读如同(tong)单(dan)(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)单(dan)(dan)”,从《金》“三坛同(tong)单(dan)(dan)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)单(dan)(dan)。取其除地(di)曰单(dan)(dan),谓置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)空地(di)。先郑(zheng)读从“惮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)威(wei)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惮,此罪既(ji)重,而直惮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),於义(yi)不可。故後郑(zheng)还从《王霸记(ji)》为正。郑(zheng)知立其次贤者(zhe),以(yi)其古者(zhe)不灭国,故知更(geng)立次已下贤子弟(di)。

野荒民散则削之,(荒,芜也,田不治,民不附,削其地,明其不能有。
  ○芜,音无。)

[疏]“野荒民散则削之”
  ○释曰:古者(zhe)量地(di)以制邑(yi),度地(di)以居民。地(di)邑(yi)民居必(bi)参(can)相(xiang)得,无(wu)旷土(tu),无(wu)游民。今(jin)言“野荒(huang)民散(san)”,由君政恶,民并彼(bi)乐(le)国,故民散(san)而野荒(huang),是其君不能有,故削之。

负固(gu)不服则(ze)侵(qin)(qin)之,(负犹恃也。固(gu),险可依(yi)以固(gu)者也。不服,不事大也。侵(qin)(qin)之者,兵(bing)加其竟(jing)而已,用兵(bing)浅(qian)者,《诗》曰(yue):“密人不恭,敢距大邦。”)

[疏]“负固不服则侵之”
  ○释曰:谓倚恃险固,不服事大国,则以兵侵之,使弱其势也。
  ○注“负犹”至“大邦”
  ○释曰:云“固(gu)(gu)(gu),险(xian)可(ke)依以(yi)固(gu)(gu)(gu)者也”者,谓若僖四(si)年,楚屈完云:“楚国方(fang)城以(yi)为(wei)城,汉水以(yi)为(wei)池,虽君之众,无所用之。”是(shi)其负固(gu)(gu)(gu)不服也。云“不服,不事(shi)大(da)(da)”,即上云“比小事(shi)大(da)(da)”,是(shi)其服者也。云“用兵浅者”,对(dui)伐(fa)是(shi)用兵深(shen)者,以(yi)其罪(zui)轻,直侵(qin)之而已也。《诗》云者,《大(da)(da)雅·皇矣篇》,引之者,证不服也。

贼杀其亲则正之,(正之者,执而治其罪。《王霸记》曰:“正,杀之也。”《春秋》僖二十八年冬,晋人执卫侯,归之于京师,坐杀其弟叔武。
  ○坐,才卧反。)

[疏]注“正之”至“叔武”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)云“正(zheng)之(zhi)者(zhe)执(zhi)而(er)(er)治其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪(zui)(zui)”者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)未(wei)必即是(shi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha),但(dan)贼杀(sha)(sha)(sha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲,其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪(zui)(zui)尤重,故以(yi)正(zheng)为杀(sha)(sha)(sha)解之(zhi),是(shi)以(yi)《王霸记》以(yi)正(zheng)为杀(sha)(sha)(sha)也(ye)。引晋(jin)人执(zhi)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)归(gui)于京(jing)师(shi),京(jing)师(shi)据洛邑而(er)(er)言也(ye)。云“坐杀(sha)(sha)(sha)其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)(wu)”者(zhe),按彼传,晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伐卫(wei),卫(wei)公(gong)出奔楚(chu),晋(jin)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)败楚(chu)於(wu)(wu)城濮。其(qi)(qi)(qi)弟(di)以(yi)受(shou)盟,既受(shou)盟,国则(ze)无罪(zui)(zui)。卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)即入,将入,与弟(di)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)(wu)为期,卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)先期入。叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)(wu)将沐,闻君至,喜,捉发走出,前驱犬,射而(er)(er)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)。卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)无罪(zui)(zui),枕之(zhi)股(gu)而(er)(er)哭之(zhi)。元(yuan)亘旧在(zai)国,是(shi)叔(shu)(shu)武(wu)(wu)党(dang),见卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)弟(di),遂诉(su)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)於(wu)(wu)晋(jin),晋(jin)以(yi)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有罪(zui)(zui),诸侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)不相(xiang)治罪(zui)(zui),遂执(zhi)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)归(gui)於(wu)(wu)京(jing)师(shi)。时使医(yi)衍(yan)卫(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),甯俞货医(yi)衍(yan),薄(bo)其(qi)(qi)(qi),不死。是(shi)坐杀(sha)(sha)(sha)弟(di),合(he)正(zheng)之(zhi)事也(ye)。

放弑其君则残之,(放,逐也。残,杀也。《王霸记》曰:“残灭其为恶。”
  ○弑,本又作杀,同音(yin)试。)

[疏]注“放逐”至“为恶”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue):郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)逐解(jie)放,则若季(ji)氏逐昭公之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)虽不(bu)解(jie)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun),则若庆父(fu)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)及崔杼弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)“残(can)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)”者(zhe),以(yi)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)解(jie)残(can)也(ye)(ye)。经本(ben)不(bu)云(yun)杀(sha)(sha)(sha),不(bu)云(yun)灭,云(yun)残(can)者(zhe),盖取残(can)贼(zei)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)苦(ku)毒。故(gu)《尚(shang)书(shu)·梓材》云(yun)“戕(qiang)败人(ren)宥”,注“戕(qiang),残(can)也(ye)(ye)”。又云(yun)“无胥戕(qiang),无胥虐”,注云(yun):“无相残(can)贼(zei),无相暴虐。”是(shi)戕(qiang)为残(can)贼(zei)也(ye)(ye)。《异(yi)义(yi)》,郑(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)为《左(zuo)氏》宣十八年秋七月,云(yun)“邾人(ren)戕(qiang)曾阝子于曾阝”,传曰(yue)(yue)“凡(fan)自内虐其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),自外曰(yue)(yue)戕(qiang)”,即邾人(ren)戕(qiang)曾阝子是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。自内弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)曰(yue)(yue)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),晋人(ren)弑(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)州(zhou)蒲是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。虽他国君(jun)(jun)(jun),不(bu)加虐,亦曰(yue)(yue)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)。若加虐杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),乃谓之(zhi)(zhi)戕(qiang)之(zhi)(zhi),取残(can)贼(zei)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。若自上杀(sha)(sha)(sha)下及两(liang)下自相杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)等,皆曰(yue)(yue)杀(sha)(sha)(sha)。若然(ran),此经云(yun)残(can)者(zhe),是(shi)加虐杀(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)。虽非他国君(jun)(jun)(jun),至於贼(zei)臣,亦云(yun)残(can)也(ye)(ye)。

犯令陵(ling)政则杜(du)之(zhi),(令犹(you)命(ming)(ming)也(ye)。《王霸(ba)记》曰:“犯令者(zhe),违命(ming)(ming)也(ye)。”陵(ling)政者(zhe),轻政法,不循也(ye)。杜(du)之(zhi)者(zhe),杜(du)塞使(shi)不得与邻国交通。)

[疏]注“令犹”至“交通”
  ○释曰:郑训“令”为“命”者,欲就《王霸记》之(zhi)(zhi)命解之(zhi)(zhi)为王命之(zhi)(zhi)意也。但(dan)犯(fan)命陵政是不受(shou)上命,不通之(zhi)(zhi)事。故(gu)还(hai)杜(du)塞(sai)之(zhi)(zhi),使不与四邻交通。

外内乱,鸟兽行,则灭之。(《王霸记》曰:“悖人伦,外内无以异于禽兽,不可亲百姓,则诛灭去之也。”《曲礼》曰:“夫唯禽兽无礼,故父子聚。”
  ○行(xing),下孟反(fan)。悖(bei),必内(nei)反(fan)。去,起(qi)吕(lv)反(fan)。夫(fu),音(yin)符。,於(wu)牛反(fan),牝(pin)鹿也。)

[疏]注“王霸”至“聚”
  ○释曰(yue):外(wai)乱(luan),谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)齐襄公(gong)淫於外(wai)鲁(lu)桓夫人文(wen)姜之(zhi)等是(shi)也(ye)。内乱(luan),谓(wei)(wei)家内若(ruo)卫宣公(gong)上父(fu)妾、下(xia)纳子(zi)妻(qi)之(zhi)等是(shi)也(ye)。引(yin)《曲礼》者,鹿(lu)之(zhi)父(fu)子(zi)聚,兽之(zhi)乱(luan),不(bu)(bu)言鸟(niao)之(zhi)乱(luan),义可(ke)知,故略而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)言也(ye)。按《春(chun)秋公(gong)羊》、《左氏》说,凡(fan)征战有(you)六等,谓(wei)(wei)侵(qin)(qin)、战、伐、围(wei)、入(ru)、灭(mie)。用兵粗(cu)角(jiao),不(bu)(bu)声锺鼓(gu),入(ru)境(jing)而(er)(er)(er)已,谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)侵(qin)(qin)。侵(qin)(qin)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)战之(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)两陈交刃。战而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)伐之(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)用兵精而(er)(er)(er)声锺鼓(gu)。伐而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)围(wei)之(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)其(qi)四(si)(si)郭(guo)。围(wei)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)入(ru)之(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)入(ru)其(qi)四(si)(si)郭(guo),取人民,不(bu)(bu)有(you)其(qi)地。入(ru)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)则(ze)灭(mie)之(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)取其(qi)君(jun)。此皆举重而(er)(er)(er)言,假令先入(ru)後灭(mie),书入(ru)举重,已外(wai)尽然。

正月之吉,始和布政于邦国都鄙,乃县政象之法于象魏,使万民观政象,挟日而敛之。(以正月朔日布王政於天下,至正岁又县政法之书。挟日,十日也。
  ○县,音玄(xuan),注同(tong)。治(zhi),直(zhi)吏反。挟,子协反。)

[疏]“正月”至“敛之”
  ○释曰:“正(zheng)月(yue)”,谓周正(zheng)建子之(zhi)月(yue)。“之(zhi)吉”,谓朔日。“始和(he)”,凡(fan)政有故(gu),言始和(he)者,若改造云耳。“布政于邦国都(dou)鄙”者,谓上九(jiu)法、九(jiu)伐(fa),并(bing)下(xia)“凡(fan)令”以下(xia),皆(jie)此时布之(zhi)。邦国据畿外,都(dou)鄙据畿内。不(bu)(bu)言乡遂(sui)及公(gong)邑,布政可知,此则(ze)遍天下(xia)也(ye)(ye)。云“乃县”已下(xia),亦(yi)谓正(zheng)岁(sui)乃县之(zhi),一(yi)与《大宰(zai)》同,不(bu)(bu)复具释也(ye)(ye)。

乃以九畿之籍,施邦国之政职。方千里曰国畿,其外方五百里曰侯畿,又其外方五百里曰甸畿,又其外方五百里曰男畿,又其外方五百里曰采畿,又其外方五百里曰卫畿,又其外方五百里曰蛮畿,又其外方五百里曰夷畿,又其外方五百里曰镇畿,又其外方五百里曰蕃畿。(畿,犹限也,自王城以外五千里为界,有分限者九。籍,其礼差之书也。政职,所共王政之职,谓赋税也。故书“畿”为“近”。郑司农云:“近当言畿。《春秋传》曰:‘天子一畿,列国一同。’《诗·殷颂》曰:‘邦畿千里,维民所止。’”
  ○分,符问反。共(gong),音(yin)恭(gong),凡(fan)供字皆(jie)作共(gong),後仿(fang)此(ci)。)

[疏]“乃以”至“蕃畿”
  ○释曰:“乃以九畿之籍”者,谓以面五千里为九畿,皆有典籍之书,今大司马以此籍书施其政职之事於邦国诸侯也。云“方千里曰国畿”者,此据王畿内千里而言,非九畿之畿。但九畿以此国畿为本,向外每五百里加为一畿也。云“侯”者,候也,为天子伺候非常也。云“甸”者,为天子治田,以出赋贡。云“男”者,任也,任王者之职事。云“采”者,采取美物以共天子。云“卫”者,为天子卫守。云“蛮”者,縻也,以近夷狄,縻系之以政教。自此已上六服,是中国之九州。自此已外,是夷狄之诸侯。此蛮服出《大司徒》,云“要服”,亦一也。言要者,亦见要束以文教也。云“夷”者,以夷狄而得夷称也。云“镇”者,去中国稍远,理须镇守。云“蕃”者,以其最远,故得蕃屏之称。此三服总号蕃服,故《大行人》云“九州之外谓之蕃国,世一见”,指此三服也。此云者,卫服之内各举一边而言,其实通称,唯蛮服以外,直据彼为号,不通中国之言也。
  ○注“畿犹”至“所止”
  ○释曰:云“王(wang)(wang)城以外五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)为界”者(zhe),两面(mian)相距(ju)则(ze)方万(wan)(wan)里(li),此(ci)(ci)则(ze)易之(zhi)(zhi)一君二民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)然,尧舜之(zhi)(zhi)时,固(gu)应万(wan)(wan)里(li),而五(wu)(wu)服面(mian)二千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)里(li),两面(mian)相距(ju)止(zhi)有(you)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)。无(wu)万(wan)(wan)里(li)者(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据(ju)(ju)(ju)未(wei)治(zhi)洪水时,服各五(wu)(wu)百(bai)里(li)。至(zhi)禹治(zhi)洪水之(zhi)(zhi)後(hou),弼成五(wu)(wu)服,服加(jia)五(wu)(wu)百(bai),则(ze)亦(yi)万(wan)(wan)里(li)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)孔君义(yi)则(ze)不然。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)据(ju)(ju)(ju)鸟飞直路,此(ci)(ci)周之(zhi)(zhi)九服亦(yi)止(zhi)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)随山(shan)川屈曲,则(ze)《禹贡(gong)(gong)》亦(yi)万(wan)(wan)里(li),彼此(ci)(ci)不异也(ye)。云“九籍,其礼差之(zhi)(zhi)书也(ye)”者(zhe),诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)赋(fu)(fu)贡(gong)(gong)多少有(you)常,则(ze)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)(gong)半,次国(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)一,小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)四(si)之(zhi)(zhi)一,是(shi)(shi)其礼差也(ye)。云“政职(zhi),所共(gong)王(wang)(wang)政之(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),谓(wei)(wei)赋(fu)(fu)税也(ye)”者(zhe),按(an)《大宰》云“以九职(zhi)任(ren)万(wan)(wan)民(min)(min)”,据(ju)(ju)(ju)畿(ji)内。此(ci)(ci)九职(zhi)亦(yi)施(shi)与邦国(guo)(guo)(guo),则(ze)此(ci)(ci)政职(zhi)也(ye)。但(dan)施(shi)职(zhi)事与之(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)万(wan)(wan)民(min)(min)勤职(zhi)而出(chu)赋(fu)(fu)税,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)得之(zhi)(zhi),以半与三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)一四(si)之(zhi)(zhi)一,市取土毛以贡(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)《禹贡(gong)(gong)》“篚贡(gong)(gong)”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。据(ju)(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)而出(chu)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu)(fu)税,据(ju)(ju)(ju)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)所送谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)贡(gong)(gong)也(ye)。引(yin)《春秋传》者(zhe),按(an)襄二十五(wu)(wu)年,郑子产对(dui)晋(jin)云:“昔天子之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)一圻,列国(guo)(guo)(guo)一同,今大国(guo)(guo)(guo)多数圻矣,若(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)无(wu)侵小(xiao),何以至(zhi)焉?”《殷颂(song)》“邦畿(ji)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)”,是(shi)(shi)《殷颂(song)·玄鸟》诗之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),引(yin)此(ci)(ci)二者(zhe),证(zheng)王(wang)(wang)畿(ji)千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。

凡令赋,以地与民制之。上地食者参之二,其民可用者家三人;中地食者半,其民可用者二家五人;下地食者参之一,其民可用者家二人。(赋,给军用者也。令邦国之赋,亦以地之美恶、民之众寡为制,如六遂矣。郑司农云:“上地,谓肥美田也。食者参之二,假令一家有三顷,岁种二顷,休其一顷。下地食者参之一,田薄恶者所休多。”
  ○令,力呈反。)

[疏]“凡令”至“二人”
  ○释曰:此(ci)文承上(shang)(shang)(shang)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“令赋”,是(shi)还据(ju)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)诸侯而说(shuo)也。此(ci)经有(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),按《小司徒》注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“有(you)(you)夫有(you)(you)妇,然後为(wei)(wei)家(jia)。自二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)至於十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)九(jiu)等,七六(liu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)。则地(di)(di)有(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia),各分为(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)(san)等。九(jiu)等,则十(shi)(shi)口食(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)上(shang)(shang)(shang),九(jiu)口食(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong),八(ba)口食(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia),七人(ren)(ren)食(shi)中(zhong)上(shang)(shang)(shang),六(liu)人(ren)(ren)食(shi)中(zhong)中(zhong),五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)食(shi)中(zhong)下(xia)(xia),四人(ren)(ren)食(shi)下(xia)(xia)上(shang)(shang)(shang),三(san)(san)(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)食(shi)下(xia)(xia)中(zhong),二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)食(shi)下(xia)(xia)下(xia)(xia)。”又按《遂人(ren)(ren)》,上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)夫一(yi)廛,田百亩,莱五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)亩,中(zhong)地(di)(di)家(jia)二(er)(er)(er)(er)百亩,下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)家(jia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)百亩,与此(ci)上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)合(he),故(gu)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)如六(liu)遂矣。若然,则上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)是(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),应(ying)家(jia)八(ba)人(ren)(ren),一(yi)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)家(jia)长,可任者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当二(er)(er)(er)(er)家(jia)七人(ren)(ren),今云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)家(jia)三(san)(san)(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经欲(yu)互举(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)义,故(gu)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)家(jia)七人(ren)(ren),见出上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)八(ba)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),明(ming)亦有(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。又言(yan)“下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),其民可用者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)家(jia)二(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)”,地(di)(di)即据(ju)下(xia)(xia)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),人(ren)(ren)即据(ju)中(zhong)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)。家(jia)五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦是(shi)互举(ju)(ju)(ju)以(yi)(yi)明(ming)义,故(gu)地(di)(di)举(ju)(ju)(ju)其下(xia)(xia),人(ren)(ren)举(ju)(ju)(ju)其中(zhong),欲(yu)见亦有(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)内三(san)(san)(san)(san)等其地(di)(di)及人(ren)(ren)也。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)(san)(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),假令一(yi)家(jia)有(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)顷,岁种二(er)(er)(er)(er)顷,休其一(yi)顷”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),举(ju)(ju)(ju)上(shang)(shang)(shang)地(di)(di),只应(ying)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)顷五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)亩,而云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)顷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直取参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),举(ju)(ju)(ju)整言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),或并二(er)(er)(er)(er)家(jia)而说(shuo)也。

中春,教振旅,司马以旗致民,平列陈,如战之陈。(以旗者,立旗期民於其下也。兵者,守国之备。孔子曰:“以不教民战,是谓弃之。”兵者凶事,不可空设,因狩而习之。凡师出曰治兵,入曰振旅,皆习战也。四时各教民以其一焉。春习振旅,兵入收众专於农。平犹正也。
  ○中(zhong),音仲,下放此。陈(chen),直觐反,下“之陈(chen)”、“可(ke)陈(chen)”、“陈(chen)前”、“徇陈(chen)”、“行(xing)陈(chen)”、“巡陈(chen)”皆同,馀以(yi)意求之。,所(suo)留(liu)反。)

[疏]注“以旗”至“正也”
  ○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)旗者(zhe)(zhe),立旗期(qi)民於(wu)其(qi)(qi)下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓大司马素有田(tian)猎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)日,今至期(qi)日,立熊(xiong)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗於(wu)期(qi)处以(yi)(yi)集众(zhong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)期(qi)民於(wu)其(qi)(qi)下(xia)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe),守国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)欲解田(tian)猎者(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)守国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)备。引孔子语,欲见(jian)须田(tian)猎以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)凶事”者(zhe)(zhe),隐公(gong)(gong)《传(chuan)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)可空设,因(yin)狩(shou)而习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe),狩(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)猎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)。欲行狩(shou),先(xian)芟草莱,教(jiao)战(zhan)(zhan)讫,乃入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)防田(tian)猎,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)因(yin)狩(shou)而习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《书传(chuan)》文:“战(zhan)(zhan)斗不(bu)可空习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),故(gu)於(wu)狩(shou)以(yi)(yi)闲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”闲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因(yin)狩(shou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡师出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)”者(zhe)(zhe),按庄公(gong)(gong)八年正月(yue),师次於(wu)郎。甲午(wu),祠(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。《公(gong)(gong)羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“祠(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祠(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“礼(li),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)徒(tu)使,故(gu)将出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),必(bi)祠(ci)於(wu)近郊,陈(chen)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan),杀牲飨(xiang)士(shi)卒(zu)。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),其(qi)(qi)礼(li)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《左氏》说(shuo)“治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙,礼(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“三年而治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),与秋同名(ming)。兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)革将出(chu),故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。”《梁传(chuan)》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”郑(zheng)玄於(wu)《异义》不(bu)从《公(gong)(gong)羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)祠(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祠(ci)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe),《公(gong)(gong)羊》字(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误,因(yin)而作说(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,亦不(bu)从《左氏》说(shuo)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)为(wei)(wei)授兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“於(wu)周《司马职(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),仲夏教(jiao)茇舍,仲秋教(jiao)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),其(qi)(qi)下(xia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)如(ru)战(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)。仲冬教(jiao)大阅,战(zhan)(zhan)法,虞人莱所(suo)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野,乃为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi),治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属皆(jie)(jie)(jie)习(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)战(zhan)(zhan),非授兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)於(wu)庙,又无祠(ci)五兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)《尔雅·释天(tian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“出(chu)为(wei)(wei)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),尚威武也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)为(wei)(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),反尊卑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”言(yan)反尊卑者(zhe)(zhe),出(chu)则壮者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)前,老弱在(zai)後;入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)则壮者(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)後,老弱在(zai)前。是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)收(shou)众(zhong)专於(wu)农(nong)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四时各教(jiao)民以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)一(yi)焉”者(zhe)(zhe),春教(jiao)振(zhen)(zhen)旅(lv),夏教(jiao)茇舍,秋教(jiao)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),至冬大阅,是(shi)(shi)(shi)各教(jiao)民以(yi)(yi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

辨鼓铎镯铙之用:王执路鼓,诸侯执贲鼓,军将执晋鼓,师帅执提,旅帅执鼙,卒长执铙,两司马执铎,公司马执镯。(《鼓人职》曰:“以路鼓鼓鬼享,以贲鼓鼓军事,以晋鼓鼓金奏,以金铙止鼓,以金铎通鼓,以金镯节鼓。”郑司农云:“辨鼓铎镯铙之用,谓钲铎之属。镯读如浊其源之浊。铙读如ん哓之哓。提读加摄提之提,谓马上鼓,有曲木提持鼓立马髦上者,故谓之提。”杜子春云:“公司马,谓五人为伍,伍之司马也。”玄谓王不执贲鼓,尚之於诸侯也。伍长谓之公司马者,虽卑同其号。
  ○辨(bian),如字,刘方免反(fan)(fan)(fan)。铎,直各反(fan)(fan)(fan)。镯,直角反(fan)(fan)(fan)。铙,女交反(fan)(fan)(fan)。贲,扶云反(fan)(fan)(fan)。将军(jun),如字,本或作军(jun)将。提(ti)(ti),徒兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。鼙,薄兮反(fan)(fan)(fan)。钲,音征。ん,火官反(fan)(fan)(fan)。哓,女交反(fan)(fan)(fan)。摄提(ti)(ti),《尔雅》云:“大岁在寅曰摄提(ti)(ti)格。”)

[疏]“辨鼓”至“执镯”
  ○释曰:此春夏秋三时各教其一,必春辨鼓铎者,鼓雷之类,象仲春雷发声於外。言“辨鼓铎镯铙之用”者,此句与下文为总目也。
  ○注“鼓人”至“其号”
  ○释曰:郑(zheng)引(yin)《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)职》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)有六鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)金(jin),据(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)各依(yi)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)。今此(ci)所用(yong)(yong)(yong),或有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)唯(wei)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)事是依(yi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)。王(wang)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、军(jun)将执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)等(deng)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)用(yong)(yong)(yong),而(er)(er)在军(jun)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“辨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)铎(duo)镯(zhuo)铙(nao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),谓钲铎(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)法》云(yun)(yun):“十(shi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)钲,百人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)铎(duo),千人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼙,万人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”义(yi)与(yu)此(ci)同(tong),故(gu)引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为证也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“镯(zhuo)读(du)(du)如(ru)浊(zhuo)(zhuo)其(qi)源之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浊(zhuo)(zhuo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)读(du)(du)取音同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。浊(zhuo)(zhuo)其(qi)源者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《淮南子(zi)》云(yun)(yun)“浊(zhuo)(zhuo)其(qi)源,其(qi)流不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清”,故(gu)读(du)(du)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“铙(nao)读(du)(du)如(ru)ん哓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哓”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)《毛(mao)诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)谨ん哓”。云(yun)(yun)“提读(du)(du)如(ru)摄提之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)“寅为摄提格(ge)”,取音同(tong)而(er)(er)已(yi)(yi)。云(yun)(yun)“提谓马(ma)(ma)上鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)先(xian)郑(zheng)盖据(ju)(ju)当时已(yi)(yi)有单骑(qi),举以(yi)(yi)况周。其(qi)实周时皆(jie)乘车,无(wu)轻骑(qi)法也(ye)(ye)。後(hou)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)诸侯也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)职》,贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)事,注王(wang)在军(jun)自为元帅(shuai),自合执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu);今不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见诸侯因朝而(er)(er)来,与(yu)王(wang)为宾客(ke),故(gu)让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)诸侯。王(wang)既(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)贲(bi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)雷(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、灵鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)祭天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)用(yong)(yong)(yong),故(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)祭宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。军(jun)将用(yong)(yong)(yong)晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)金(jin)奏与(yu)诸相应故(gu)也(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),役事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。云(yun)(yun)“伍长谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),虽卑(bei)同(tong)其(qi)号(hao)(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)诸官(guan)大夫乃与(yu)大官(guan)同(tong)号(hao)(hao),宰夫已(yi)(yi)下(xia),并上士、中(zhong)士、下(xia)士,皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)与(yu)大官(guan)同(tong)号(hao)(hao)。今於(wu)《序官(guan)》大司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),上士得(de)(de)号(hao)(hao)行司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma),及(ji)在军(jun)二十(shi)五(wu)人(ren)(ren)长中(zhong)士号(hao)(hao)两司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma),五(wu)人(ren)(ren)长下(xia)士号(hao)(hao)公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma),皆(jie)与(yu)大官(guan)同(tong)号(hao)(hao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)司(si)(si)马(ma)(ma)主军(jun),军(jun)事主严,虽卑(bei)得(de)(de)同(tong)号(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)。

以教坐作进退疾徐疏数之节,(习战法。
  ○疏(shu)数(shu),音(yin)朔,下注疏(shu)数(shu)同(tong)。)

[疏]“以教”至“之节”
  ○释曰(yue):按下大阅(yue)礼(li)备军法(fa),虞(yu)人(ren)莱所田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野,下又云(yun)“中军以(yi)举令鼓(gu),鼓(gu)人(ren)皆三鼓(gu)”,已(yi)下有此坐作进退(tui)疾徐(xu)疏(shu)数(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。彼大阅(yue)具言,於此略说有此坐作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。此於教战之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故郑云(yun)“习(xi)战法(fa)”也(ye)。

遂以田,有司表貉,誓民,鼓,遂围禁,火弊,献禽以祭社。(春田为。有司,大司徒也,掌大田役治徒庶之政令。表貉,立表而貉祭也。誓民,誓以犯田法之罚也。誓曰:“无干车,无自後射,立旌遂围禁,旌弊争禽而不审者,罚以假马。”禁者,虞衡守禽之厉禁也。既誓,令鼓而围之,遂田。火弊,火止也。春田主用火,因焚莱除陈草,皆杀而火止。献犹致也,属也。田止,虞人植旌,众皆献其所获禽焉。《诗》云:“言私其<豕从>,献肩于公。”春田主祭社者,土方施生也。郑司农云:“貉读为。谓师祭也。书亦或为。
  ○貉,莫(mo)驾(jia)反(fan)(fan),注同(tong)。弊(bi),婢(bi)世(shi)反(fan)(fan),刘薄计反(fan)(fan)。射,食亦反(fan)(fan),下“王射”同(tong)。<豕从(cong)>,子工反(fan)(fan)。肩(jian),《诗》作<豕开>,音同(tong)。施,式豉反(fan)(fan)。,莫(mo)驾(jia)反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“遂以”至“祭社”
  ○释曰:按下大阅礼“遂以狩田”以下云“以旌为左右和之门,群吏各帅其车徒以叙和出,左右陈车徒,有司平之”,“既陈,乃设驱逆之车,有司表貉于陈前”。此亦当如彼,但春非大备,故亦略言也。言“誓民”者,即下大阅礼“群吏听誓於阵前”,郑引《月令》“司徒北面誓之”是也。云“鼓”者,即下文“中军以な令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓”已下是也。云“遂围禁”者,既誓,令鼓而围之。云“火弊”者,谓田止也。云“献禽以祭社”者,此因田猎而祭,非《月令》仲春祭社也。
  ○注“春田”至“为”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“春田(tian)为”者(zhe)(zhe),,搜也(ye)(ye)(ye),春时(shi)鸟(niao)兽孚乳,搜择取不(bu)孕任(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以为名。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有司(si)(si),大(da)(da)司(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《大(da)(da)司(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)田(tian)役(yi)治(zhi)其徒(tu)(tu)庶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)令”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知有司(si)(si)是(shi)大(da)(da)司(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“表貉,立表而(er)(er)(er)貉祭(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)即(ji)《诗(shi)》及(ji)《尔雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“也(ye)(ye)(ye)”、“师祭(ji)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓(shi)民,誓(shi)以犯(fan)(fan)田(tian)法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罚也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),当司(si)(si)徒(tu)(tu)北面誓(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),小子斩牲(sheng),以左右(you)巡陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“誓(shi)曰无(wu)干(gan)车(che)无(wu)自後射(she)”者(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)据《汉田(tian)律》而(er)(er)(er)言。无(wu)干(gan)车(che),谓无(wu)干(gan)犯(fan)(fan)他(ta)车(che)。无(wu)自後射(she),象战(zhan)陈(chen)不(bu)逐奔走。又一解云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“前人已(yi)射(she)中(zhong)禽,後人不(bu)得复射(she)。”彼又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)面伤”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),象降者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)逆击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“立旌(jing)遂围禁(jin)(jin)(jin)”者(zhe)(zhe),旌(jing),则下文大(da)(da)阅(yue)礼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“旗居卒(zu)间”者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“旌(jing)弊”者(zhe)(zhe),弊,仆(pu)也(ye)(ye)(ye),田(tian)止旌(jing)则仆(pu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“争(zheng)(zheng)禽而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)审(shen)者(zhe)(zhe),罚以假马”者(zhe)(zhe),谓获(huo)禽所算之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)筹。罚者(zhe)(zhe),谓效功(gong)时(shi)争(zheng)(zheng)禽不(bu)审(shen),即(ji)罚去其筹。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禁(jin)(jin)(jin)者(zhe)(zhe),虞衡守禽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厉(li)(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《山虞》皆云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“使地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,守其厉(li)(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)”,谓遮厉(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁(jin)(jin)(jin),不(bu)得非时(shi)入也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,按《地(di)官·川(chuan)衡》,小田(tian)猎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,无(wu)厉(li)(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。言“衡”者(zhe)(zhe),川(chuan)林或有与山泽连者(zhe)(zhe),则亦有厉(li)(li)禁(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)连言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

中夏,教茇舍,如振旅之陈。群吏撰车徒,读书契,辨号名之用。帅以门名,县鄙各以其名,家以号名,乡以州名,野以邑名,百官各象其事,以辨军之夜事。其他皆如振旅。(茇读如莱沛之沛。茇舍,草止之也。军有草止之法。撰读曰算。算车徒,谓数择之也。读书契,以簿书校录军实之凡要。号名者,徽识所以相别也。乡遂之属谓之名,家之属谓之号,百官之属谓之事。在国以表朝位,在军又象其制而为之,被之以备死事。帅,谓军将及师帅、旅帅至伍长也。以门名者,所被徽识如其在门所树者也。凡此言以也、象也,皆谓其制同耳。军将皆命卿。古者军将,盖为营治於国门,鲁有东门襄仲,宋有桐门右师,皆上卿为军将者也。县鄙,谓县正、鄙师至邻长也。家,谓食采地者之臣也。乡以州名,亦谓州长至此长也。野,谓公邑大夫。百官,以其职从王者。此六者皆书其官与名氏焉。门则襄仲、右师明矣。乡则南乡<垂瓦>、东乡为人是也。其他象此,云某某之名,某某之号,某某之事而已,未尽闻也。乡遂大夫,文错不见,以其素信于民,不为军将,或为诸帅,是以阙焉。夜事,戒夜守之事。草止者慎於夜,於是主别其部职。
  ○茇(ba),蒲末反(fan)(fan)。撰,息(xi)(xi)转(zhuan)(zhuan)反(fan)(fan),又(you)仕转(zhuan)(zhuan)反(fan)(fan),注(zhu)音(yin)算,息(xi)(xi)缓反(fan)(fan)。沛,步未反(fan)(fan),一(yi)音(yin)具,又(you)普具反(fan)(fan)。数,色(se)主反(fan)(fan)。簿(bu),步古反(fan)(fan),後(hou)“簿(bu)书(shu)”皆放此。识,音(yin)志,一(yi)音(yin)试(shi),下同(tong)。朝位(wei),直(zhi)遥(yao)反(fan)(fan)。被,皮伪反(fan)(fan),下同(tong)。治(zhi),直(zhi)吏反(fan)(fan)。比,毗志反(fan)(fan)。<垂瓦>,直(zhi)伪反(fan)(fan)。见,贤遍反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]“中夏”至“振旅”
  ○释曰:如“振旅之陈”者,四时各教其一。故春教振旅,夏教茇舍,但设经不可文文具设,故云如振旅之陈,皆转相如也。云“群吏撰车徒”者,群吏,谓军将至伍长,各有部分,皆选择其在车甲士三人,步徒七十二人之等。云“读书契”者,书契,谓兵士簿书之要契,此《小宰》之八成云“师田以简稽”,一也。云“辨号名”者,此“帅以门名”已下是也。
  ○注“茇读”至“部职”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):“茇读如(ru)莱(lai)沛(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沛(pei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“居民(min)山川(chuan)沮泽(ze)”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“沮谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)莱(lai)沛(pei)”。时俗有(you)(you)水草谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莱(lai)沛(pei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)读从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“茇舍(she)草止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)草释(shi)茇,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)止(zhi)释(shi)舍(she),故(gu)(gu)(gu)即(ji)(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)军(jun)有(you)(you)草止(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“数择之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解撰(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)数择,取(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)实(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凡(fan)(fan)要(yao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),凡(fan)(fan)军(jun)有(you)(you)三(san)种:或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)俘(fu)囚为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)实(shi),或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)戈盾弓矢为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)实(shi),或(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禽牲为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)实(shi)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)军(jun)实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)兵器为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)实(shi)。凡(fan)(fan)要(yao),即(ji)(ji)名(ming)(ming)籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“号(hao)名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)徽识”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)上(shang)(shang)注(zhu)“三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)旌旗(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相别(bie)(bie)(bie)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)缀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)膊上(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)(bie)(bie)死者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),即(ji)(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“县(xian)(xian)鄙”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),从(cong)县(xian)(xian)鄙至(zhi)(zhi)邻里(li)(li),州(zhou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu),从(cong)州(zhou)至(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)都家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),从(cong)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)至(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从(cong)王(wang)(wang)朝六(liu)(liu)卿(qing)已下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)士(shi)。野以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)名(ming)(ming),郑虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沟洫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),出军(jun)出贡(gong)又等(deng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)入名(ming)(ming)中也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)号(hao)也(ye)(ye),名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye),事也(ye)(ye),三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)据(ju)经(jing)(jing)(jing)而言(yan)(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)表朝位”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)《觐礼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)(shang)介各(ge)奉(feng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)置于宫”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)(fan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)经(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)”已下(xia)(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)“野以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)名(ming)(ming)”已上(shang)(shang),五者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye),惟百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”虽异,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)同(tong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)小旌旗(qi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)命卿(qing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲解帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,止(zhi)由(you)卿(qing)居於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)门(men)(men)(men)(men),使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)盖为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)营(ying)治於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)门(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)解军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),只由(you)非常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急,要(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)门(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)(gu)使卿(qing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)门(men)(men)(men)(men)住而营(ying)治其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)有(you)(you)东(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)襄仲(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)昭(zhao)三(san)十(shi)二年(nian)《左传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“鲁(lu)文(wen)公(gong)(gong)薨,而东(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)杀立庶,鲁(lu)君於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)乎失国(guo)。”公(gong)(gong)子遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui),字襄仲(zhong),号(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)东(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),只由(you)居东(dong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)。宋(song)(song)有(you)(you)桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you)师(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)春秋《左氏传》:“昭(zhao)二十(shi)五年(nian)春,叔孙聘於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)宋(song)(song),桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you)师(shi)(shi)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“右(you)师(shi)(shi),宋(song)(song)师(shi)(shi)乐大(da)(da)(da)心也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室居桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men),故(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you)师(shi)(shi)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宋(song)(song)有(you)(you)桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you)师(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),证将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)得以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。经(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“县(xian)(xian)鄙”,郑知(zhi)邻长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,从(cong)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)邻长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)略(lve)(lve)言(yan)(yan)(yan)县(xian)(xian)鄙,明皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食采地者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),食采地,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)朝,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臣在(zai)(zai)(zai)采地,若(ruo)公(gong)(gong)山弗(fu)扰(rao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类。今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)随王(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)号(hao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)。“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)至(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)如(ru)六(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。自乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai),今(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)略(lve)(lve)举州(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)首也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)等(deng)公(gong)(gong)邑(yi),若(ruo)《载(zai)(zai)师(shi)(shi)职(zhi)》公(gong)(gong)邑(yi),自甸以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)出,至(zhi)(zhi)五百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)二百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)、三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)如(ru)州(zhou)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),四(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)、五百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)如(ru)县(xian)(xian)正(zheng),长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)属(shu)(shu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邑(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)从(cong)王(wang)(wang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),各(ge)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)职(zhi)事从(cong)王(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun),若(ruo)大(da)(da)(da)宰下(xia)(xia)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),随其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)从(cong)王(wang)(wang),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)号(hao)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)书其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)名(ming)(ming)氏焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)经(jing)(jing)(jing)五以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。假(jia)令为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)司徒下(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)姓(xing)名(ming)(ming)某(mou)(mou)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“门(men)(men)(men)(men)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)襄仲(zhong)、右(you)师(shi)(shi)明矣(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)(jing)(jing)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming),怨直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)(ming),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)名(ming)(ming)字。诸(zhu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)须名(ming)(ming)氏,明门(men)(men)(men)(men)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)与(yu)(yu)氏名(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明矣(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)南乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)<垂(chui)瓦>、东(dong)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),<垂(chui)瓦>与(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)当(dang)时乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)名(ming)(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)况(kuang)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)郑略(lve)(lve)举门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)与(yu)(yu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)名(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)仍有(you)(you)县(xian)(xian)鄙与(yu)(yu)家(jia)、野、百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)依此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而称(cheng)焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)(men)(men)(men)、县(xian)(xian)鄙、乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、野四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming),当(dang)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)桐(tong)(tong)门(men)(men)(men)(men)右(you)师(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)姓(xing)某(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)放此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“家(jia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)号(hao)名(ming)(ming)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)鲁(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费(fei)邑(yi),即(ji)(ji)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)费(fei)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)姓(xing)某(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号(hao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)(ji)经(jing)(jing)(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)各(ge)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事”,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)地官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)大(da)(da)(da)司徒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)某(mou)(mou)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)某(mou)(mou)姓(xing)某(mou)(mou)甲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未尽(jin)(jin)闻也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)来所(suo)释(shi)六(liu)(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),略(lve)(lve)闻帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming),举以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)况(kuang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀未闻,故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)未尽(jin)(jin)闻也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)文(wen)错不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)(jing)六(liu)(liu)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)直(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)县(xian)(xian)鄙,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)。六(liu)(liu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)名(ming)(ming),虽见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)交错,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)文(wen)错不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)素(su)信於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)民(min)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),兵书《孙子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“素(su)信者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)(yu)众相得”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。旧素(su)与(yu)(yu)民(min)相信者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),必情义相得,故(gu)(gu)(gu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),还使为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)吏(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)阙(que)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《管子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因内(nei)政寄军(jun)令”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)已下(xia)(xia)至(zhi)(zhi)比长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、邻长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)因为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)吏(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)领(ling)本民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang),或(huo)别(bie)(bie)(bie)使人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)别(bie)(bie)(bie)领(ling)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)师(shi)(shi)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)、旅帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia),经(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)军(jun)吏(li)(li)(li)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),故(gu)(gu)(gu)阙(que)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)。必知(zhi)有(you)(you)别(bie)(bie)(bie)使人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)法(fa)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)《外(wai)传》穆叔云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子作(zuo)师(shi)(shi),公(gong)(gong)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)征(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)德”,《诗(shi)》曰(yue)“周公(gong)(gong)东(dong)征(zheng),四(si)(si)国(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)遑”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)并上(shang)(shang)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)六(liu)(liu)师(shi)(shi)”,此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)乃诸(zhu)侯世子为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。田(tian)猎(lie)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)容如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)时乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)师(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然,按(an)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)(shi)都载(zai)(zai)旃,乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)载(zai)(zai)物”,注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)或(huo)载(zai)(zai)旃,或(huo)载(zai)(zai)物,众属(shu)(shu)军(jun)吏(li)(li)(li),无(wu)所(suo)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)全无(wu)武(wu)用,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)诸(zhu)帅(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)(shuai)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众属(shu)(shu)他(ta)军(jun)吏(li)(li)(li),己身(shen)全无(wu)所(suo)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)载(zai)(zai)旃,或(huo)载(zai)(zai)物,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)载(zai)(zai)旗(qi),义与(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)违也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主别(bie)(bie)(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)部职(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)经(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨军(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夜事,分别(bie)(bie)(bie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)当(dang)部当(dang)职(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)外(wai)交杂也(ye)(ye)。

遂以苗田,如之法,车弊献禽以享礻勺。(夏田为苗。择取不孕任者,若治苗去不秀实者云。车弊,驱兽之车止也。夏田主用车,示所取物希,皆杀而车止。《王制》曰:“天子杀则下大绥,诸侯杀则下小绥,大夫杀则止佐车,佐车止则百姓田猎。”礻勺,宗庙之夏祭也。冬夏田主于祭宗庙者,阴阳始起,象神之在内。
  ○礻勺,馀若(ruo)反(fan)(fan)。孕,羊证反(fan)(fan)。去,起(qi)吕反(fan)(fan)。绥,而谁反(fan)(fan),下同。)

[疏]“遂以”至“享礻勺”
  ○释曰:在教战之处辨号名既讫,遂入防,行苗田之法。云“如之法”者,如上时有司表貉、誓民、令鼓、遂围禁之等。云“车弊”及“以享礻勺”,二者则与春异,以其春时火弊祭社,此时车弊享礻勺也。
  ○注“夏田”至“在内”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):以(yi)(yi)其(qi)春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)为阳(yang),主(zhu)其(qi)生(sheng)长,故春(chun)(chun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为,搜取(qu)不(bu)孕任(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)。夏(xia)(xia)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)为苗(miao),若(ruo)治苗(miao)去不(bu)秀实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)义,但(dan)春(chun)(chun)时主(zhu)孚乳,故以(yi)(yi)不(bu)孕任(ren)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“车(che)(che)(che)(che)弊,驱(qu)兽(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)止(zhi)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)。“夏(xia)(xia)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)用车(che)(che)(che)(che)示所(suo)取(qu)物(wu)希(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe),《春(chun)(chun)秋左氏传》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“彼徒(tu)我(wo)车(che)(che)(che)(che),惧其(qi)侵轶我(wo)也(ye)。”是(shi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)行(xing)迟,取(qu)兽(shou)(shou)少,故知用车(che)(che)(che)(che)示取(qu)物(wu)希(xi)也(ye)。引《王(wang)制》曰(yue)“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)杀则(ze)下大绥(sui)(sui)”已下,据(ju)杀讫(qi)而言,《毛(mao)诗传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)子(zi)发抗大绥(sui)(sui),诸侯(hou)发抗小绥(sui)(sui)”者(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)始(shi)杀而言也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大夫杀则(ze)止(zhi)佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che)”,《王(wang)制》注“佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che),驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)”。按《田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)仆(pu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“掌佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政,驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)。”佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che)似与驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)别者(zhe)(zhe),但(dan)《王(wang)制》佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che)与《田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)仆(pu)》驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)为一(yi),其(qi)《田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)仆(pu)》佐(zuo)车(che)(che)(che)(che)自(zi)是(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)车(che)(che)(che)(che)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贰(er)曰(yue)佐(zuo),佐(zuo)文虽同,其(qi)义则(ze)异(yi)也(ye)。若(ruo)然,驱(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che)(che)(che)言佐(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe),能(neng)逐禽(qin),故以(yi)(yi)佐(zuo)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“礻(shi)勺,宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)祭(ji)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),《大宗伯》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“冬(dong)夏(xia)(xia)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)於(wu)祭(ji)宗庙,阴阳(yang)始(shi)起,象(xiang)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在内(nei)”者(zhe)(zhe),仲冬(dong)一(yi)阳(yang)生(sheng),仲夏(xia)(xia)一(yi)阴生(sheng),是(shi)阴阳(yang)在内(nei),故神象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而行(xing)祭(ji)也(ye)。此(ci)祭(ji)因田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)猎献(xian)禽(qin)为祭(ji),若(ruo)正祭(ji)自(zi)在孟月(yue)。

中秋(qiu),教治兵,如(ru)振(zhen)旅之(zhi)陈。

[疏]“中秋”至“之陈”
  ○释曰:言“教治兵(bing)(bing)”者,凡(fan)兵(bing)(bing),出曰治兵(bing)(bing),入(ru)曰振(zhen)旅。春以(yi)入(ru)兵(bing)(bing)为(wei)名,尚(shang)农事(shi)。秋以(yi)出兵(bing)(bing)为(wei)名,秋严尚(shang)威故也。云“如(ru)振(zhen)旅之陈”者,如(ru)春振(zhen)旅时(shi)坐作、进退、疾(ji)徐(xu)、疏数之法也。

辨旗物之用:王载大常,诸侯载,军吏载旗,师都载旃,乡遂载物,郊野载,百官载,各书其事与其号焉。其他皆如振旅。(军吏,诸军帅也。师都,遂大夫也。乡遂,乡大夫也。或载旃,或载物,众属军吏,无所将也。郊,谓乡遂之州长、县正以下也。野,谓公邑大夫。载者,以其将羡卒也。百官,卿大夫也。载者,以其属卫王也。凡旌旗,有军众者画异物,无者帛而已。书当为画,事也,号也,皆画以云气。
  ○书,音画(hua),出注。气,本或作乞,同(tong)。)

[疏]“辨旗”至“振旅”
  ○释曰:按下文注,以出军之旗则如秋,则此经是在军旌旗也。云“各书其事与其号焉”者,此二者即是仲夏百官各象其事及号名之等,此秋虽不具辨号名,以略举之,见四时皆有此物也。云“其他皆如振旅”者,亦谓坐作、进退、疾徐之法如振旅之陈也。
  ○注“军吏”至“云气”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),诸(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)帅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),亦谓(wei)从军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang)至下(xia)(xia)(xia)伍长(zhang)皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)都(dou),遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《司常(chang)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“孤卿(qing)建(jian)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)士建(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。”则乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing),建(jian)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)常(chang)。师(shi)都(dou)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),不(bu)嫌无(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)直举(ju)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),建(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)常(chang)。今乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)建(jian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),不(bu)嫌无(wu)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)直举(ju)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“或载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),或载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),众(zhong)(zhong)属(shu)(shu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),无(wu)所将(jiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)若为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),则在军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旗军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)中(zhong),领(ling)众(zhong)(zhong)来(lai)时亦载(zai)(zai)(zai)旗。今载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旗,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)己(ji)之(zhi)所管之(zhi)众(zhong)(zhong)属(shu)(shu)他军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),己(ji)无(wu)所将(jiang)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)无(wu)武用,非直不(bu)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),亦不(bu)为(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)帅,故(gu)(gu)(gu)全(quan)无(wu)所将(jiang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)已(yi)。若然,既不(bu)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)上(shang)得与卿(qing)同载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)则是(shi)(shi)(shi)卿(qing),下(xia)(xia)(xia)得与大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)同载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)掌众(zhong)(zhong)同,故(gu)(gu)(gu)同载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。俱(ju)两(liang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)将(jiang),又不(bu)任(ren)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)职(zhi),卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)尊卑(bei)之(zhi)常(chang),当(dang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)载(zai)(zai)(zai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)已(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)容其(qi)(qi)(qi)两(liang)载(zai)(zai)(zai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“郊(jiao)(jiao)谓(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)州长(zhang)、县(xian)正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),郊(jiao)(jiao)内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)六乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),州长(zhang)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)(you)六遂(sui)(sui),县(xian)正(zheng)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)言(yan)郊(jiao)(jiao)有(you)(you)(you)此(ci)二等人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“野(ye)谓(wei)公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)”者(zhe)(zhe),按《载(zai)(zai)(zai)师(shi)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)之(zhi)田任(ren)甸(dian)地。”郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)曰(yue)甸(dian),甸(dian)则郊(jiao)(jiao)外(wai)(wai)曰(yue)野(ye),故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)野(ye)言(yan)之(zhi)。但公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)自(zi)甸(dian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)出至︹五百里,有(you)(you)(you)四(si)等公(gong)(gong)邑(yi),皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)治之(zhi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)《司马法》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“二百里如(ru)州长(zhang),四(si)百里、五百里如(ru)县(xian)正(zheng)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)将(jiang)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)六乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)内(nei),上(shang)剂致民,一(yi)家一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)皆(jie)(jie)为(wei)(wei)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu)。六遂(sui)(sui)之(zhi)内(nei),下(xia)(xia)(xia)剂致民,家一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu),一(yi)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)为(wei)(wei)馀(yu)夫(fu)(fu)。正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)既属(shu)(shu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu),使此(ci)州长(zhang)已(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)等不(bu)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)领(ling)之(zhi)。但公(gong)(gong)邑(yi)之(zhi)内(nei),虽不(bu)见有(you)(you)(you)出军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)法,若出军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),亦当(dang)与乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)同,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)得为(wei)(wei)沟洫法故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若出军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),亦正(zheng)卒(zu)(zu)使大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)等为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li),其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)羡(xian)卒(zu)(zu),亦使不(bu)为(wei)(wei)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)领(ling)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“百官(guan),卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),载(zai)(zai)(zai)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)属(shu)(shu)卫王也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)地四(si)时之(zhi)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)属(shu)(shu)各六十(shi),有(you)(you)(you)选当(dang)行卫守王者(zhe)(zhe),即是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)众(zhong)(zhong),故(gu)(gu)(gu)载(zai)(zai)(zai)鸟(niao)隼之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡旌(jing)旗,有(you)(you)(you)军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)众(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)画(hua)异物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe),即经(jing)天(tian)子、诸(zhu)侯、军(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)吏(li)(li)、郊(jiao)(jiao)野(ye)、百官(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)者(zhe)(zhe),帛而(er)(er)已(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe),乡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)(sui)载(zai)(zai)(zai)旃(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“书(shu)当(dang)为(wei)(wei)画(hua),事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),号(hao)(hao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆(jie)(jie)画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气”者(zhe)(zhe),事(shi),即上(shang)百官(guan)言(yan)事(shi);号(hao)(hao),即上(shang)家言(yan)号(hao)(hao)。不(bu)言(yan)名,此(ci)亦有(you)(you)(you)名,文略耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“画(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)气”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)解(jie)经(jing)典言(yan)画(hua)者(zhe)(zhe),皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)解(jie)之(zhi),谓(wei)画(hua)五色云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

遂以田,如田之法,罗弊致禽以祀礻方。(秋田为。,杀也。罗弊,罔止也。秋田主用罔,中杀者多也。皆杀而罔止。礻方当为方,声之误也。秋田主祭四方,报成万物,《诗》曰“以社以方”。
  ○,息(xi)浅反(fan)。礻方(fang),音(yin)方(fang)。出注。皆杀,如字,刘色(se)界反(fan)。)

[疏]“遂以”至“祀礻方”
  ○释曰:上文教载旗旃物讫,遂入防行田之礼,其法如田之法。云“罗弊致禽以祀礻方”者,秋田主用罗。罗止田毕,入国过郊之神位,乃致禽以祀四方之神。
  ○注“秋田”至“以方”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“礻(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)当(dang)为方(fang)(fang),声之(zhi)误(wu)也(ye)”者,以(yi)礻(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)乃(nai)是庙门(men)之(zhi)外(wai)内,惟因祭(ji)宗庙及明日绎祭(ji),乃(nai)为礻(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)祭(ji)。今既因秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)田而祭(ji),当(dang)是祭(ji)四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)神,故云(yun)误(wu)也(ye)。云(yun)“秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)田主(zhu)祭(ji)四(si)方(fang)(fang),报(bao)成万(wan)物”者,以(yi)秋(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)物成,四(si)方(fang)(fang)神之(zhi)功,故报(bao)祭(ji)之(zhi)。云(yun)“《诗》曰‘以(yi)社以(yi)方(fang)(fang)’”者,《诗·大雅》。引(yin)之(zhi),证方(fang)(fang)是四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)神也(ye)。

中冬,教大阅:(春辨鼓铎,夏辨号名,秋辨旗物,至冬大阅,简军实。凡颁旗物,以出军之旗则如秋,以尊卑之常则如冬,司常左司马时也。大阅备军礼,而旌旗不如出军之时,空辟实。
  ○阅,音(yin)悦。辟,音(yin)避。)

[疏]“中冬教大阅”
  ○释曰:以冬时农隙,故大简阅军实之凡要也。
  ○注“春辨”至“辟实”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“春(chun)辨鼓铎(duo)”已下,欲见春(chun)夏(xia)秋(qiu)(qiu)各(ge)教(jiao)其(qi)(qi)一,至冬(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)(da)阅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时总教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故云(yun)“至冬(dong)(dong)(dong)大(da)(da)(da)阅军(jun)(jun)实(shi)”。云(yun)“凡(fan)颁旗物(wu),以出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗则如(ru)(ru)(ru)秋(qiu)(qiu),以尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)则如(ru)(ru)(ru)冬(dong)(dong)(dong),司(si)(si)(si)常(chang)佐司(si)(si)(si)马时也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)王与诸侯所建(jian)(jian)秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)同,又(you)秋(qiu)(qiu)云(yun)“军(jun)(jun)吏建(jian)(jian)旗,师都载(zai)(zai)旃,乡(xiang)遂(sui)载(zai)(zai)物(wu),郊野载(zai)(zai),百官(guan)载(zai)(zai)”,不(bu)言┸、旌(jing)(jing)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以其(qi)(qi)是出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,故不(bu)言道(dao)车(che)(che)游(you)车(che)(che)所载(zai)(zai)。大(da)(da)(da)阅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,见尊卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常(chang),故《司(si)(si)(si)常(chang)》云(yun):“孤卿建(jian)(jian)旃,大(da)(da)(da)夫士(shi)建(jian)(jian)物(wu),师都建(jian)(jian)旗,州(zhou)里(li)建(jian)(jian),县鄙建(jian)(jian),道(dao)车(che)(che)载(zai)(zai)┸,游(you)车(che)(che)载(zai)(zai)旌(jing)(jing)。”此为异也。郑云(yun):“大(da)(da)(da)阅备军(jun)(jun)礼(li),而旌(jing)(jing)旗不(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,空辟(pi)实(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)阅虽备礼(li),是教(jiao)战(zhan),非(fei)实(shi)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)法,是其(qi)(qi)空也。秋(qiu)(qiu)教(jiao)治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing),治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)是出(chu)军(jun)(jun)法,故寄出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗於彼。是冬(dong)(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)空辟(pi)实(shi)出(chu)军(jun)(jun)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。赵商问:“《巾车(che)(che)职(zhi)》‘建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)麾以田(tian)’,注‘田(tian),四时田(tian)猎’。商按《大(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)(si)马》职(zhi),四时皆(jie)建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)常(chang)何?”郑答曰:“麾,夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)色(se)。田(tian)虽习(xi)战(zhan),春(chun)夏(xia)尚生,其(qi)(qi)时宜入兵(bing)(bing),夏(xia)本(ben)不(bu)以兵(bing)(bing)得天下,故建(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)色(se)以春(chun)夏(xia)田(tian)。至秋(qiu)(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)出(chu)兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,乃建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)常(chang)。”赵商又(you)问:“《巾车(che)(che)职(zhi)》曰‘建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)以即(ji)戎(rong)’,注云(yun)‘谓兵(bing)(bing)事(shi)’。《司(si)(si)(si)马职(zhi)》‘仲(zhong)秋(qiu)(qiu)辨其(qi)(qi)物(wu)以治(zhi)兵(bing)(bing),王建(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)常(chang)’,注‘凡(fan)颁物(wu),以出(chu)军(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗则如(ru)(ru)(ru)秋(qiu)(qiu)’。不(bu)知大(da)(da)(da)白(bai)以即(ji)戎(rong)为何时?”答曰:“白(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)色(se)。王即(ji)戌(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),或命将(jiang)(jiang),或劳师,不(bu)自(zi)亲将(jiang)(jiang),故建(jian)(jian)先(xian)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)色(se),异於亲自(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)也。”

前(qian)期(qi),群吏戒众庶(shu)战(zhan)法。(群吏,乡师以下。)

[疏]注“群吏乡师以下”
  ○释曰:言(yan)“前期”者,谓若《大宰职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)“前期十(shi)日”。此亦在(zai)教战前,不(bu)必要十(shi)日前也(ye)(ye)。知“群吏,乡(xiang)师(shi)以下”者,见《乡(xiang)师(shi)职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“凡四时之田(tian),前期,出(chu)田(tian)法于州(zhou)(zhou)里,简其(qi)鼓铎(duo)(duo)、旗物(wu)、兵(bing)器(qi),其(qi)卒(zu)伍。”是其(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)“乡(xiang)师(shi)以下”,则(ze)不(bu)及乡(xiang),乡(xiang)是乡(xiang)大夫,则(ze)卿也(ye)(ye),则(ze)可及州(zhou)(zhou)长,故《州(zhou)(zhou)长职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“若国作民而(er)(er)师(shi)田(tian)行役(yi)(yi)之事(shi),则(ze)帅而(er)(er)致之,掌其(qi)戒(jie)令与其(qi)赏罚。”《党(dang)正》云(yun)(yun):“凡作民而(er)(er)师(shi)田(tian)行役(yi)(yi),则(ze)以其(qi)法治其(qi)政事(shi)。”《族师(shi)》亦云(yun)(yun):“若作民而(er)(er)师(shi)田(tian)行役(yi)(yi),则(ze)合其(qi)卒(zu)伍,简其(qi)兵(bing)器(qi),以鼓铎(duo)(duo)旗物(wu)帅而(er)(er)至。”是其(qi)以下之事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

虞人莱所田之野,为表,百步则一,为三表,又五十步为一表。田之日,司马建旗于後表之中,群吏以旗物鼓铎镯铙,各帅其民而致。质明弊旗,诛後至者。乃陈车徒如战之陈,皆坐。(郑司农云:“虞人莱所田之野,芟除其草莱,令车得驱驰。”《诗》曰:“田卒污莱。”玄谓莱,芟除可陈之处。後表之中五十步,表之中央。表,所以识正行列也。四表积二百五十步。左右之广当容三军,步数未闻。致,致之司马。质,正也。弊,仆也。皆坐,当听誓。
  ○芟,所衔反(fan)。令,力呈反(fan),下“令走”同。卒(zu),子律反(fan)。污(wu),音乌(wu)。行(xing),户刚(gang)反(fan),下“行(xing)列”、“行(xing)陈”皆同。仆,音赴。)

[疏]“虞人”至“皆坐”
  ○释曰:虞人者,若田在泽,泽虞。若田在山,山虞。谓使其地之民,於可陈之处,芟除草莱。故云:“莱所田之野。”云“为表,百步则一,为三表”者,按下注引《月令》“司徒北面以誓之”,此经云“司马建旗於後表之中,车徒皆坐”,则此於可陈之中,从南头立表,以北头为後表也。
  ○注“郑司”至“听誓”
  ○释曰:先(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“虞人莱所田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye),芟(shan)(shan)除其(qi)草(cao)(cao)莱,令(ling)车得驱驰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓芟(shan)(shan)除其(qi)田(tian)猎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)令(ling)车得驱驰。引(yin)《诗(shi)(shi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)田(tian)处(chu)草(cao)(cao)莱。按(an)《王制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“昆虫(chong)未蛰,不(bu)以火(huo)田(tian)。”则仲(zhong)冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),放(fang)火(huo)田(tian)猎,何须芟(shan)(shan)除草(cao)(cao)莱。是(shi)(shi)以《车攻》诗(shi)(shi)毛传云(yun)(yun)(yun)“大艾草(cao)(cao)以为防,然後焚而(er)射焉(yan)”。是(shi)(shi)田(tian)处(chu)不(bu)得芟(shan)(shan)草(cao)(cao)莱,故後郑(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以为芟(shan)(shan)除可(ke)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“後表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)五(wu)(wu)十步(bu)(bu)(bu),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)央”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓从南(nan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)至北表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),所以识正(zheng)(zheng)行列(lie)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),於可(ke)陈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)央立此(ci)四表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao),表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)两相各有(you)三军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众(zhong),至表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)则间一而(er)坐(zuo),坐(zuo)而(er)更起,是(shi)(shi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)正(zheng)(zheng)行列(lie)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“积二(er)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十步(bu)(bu)(bu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以三表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)二(er)百(bai)(bai)步(bu)(bu)(bu),又加(jia)一表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)五(wu)(wu)十步(bu)(bu)(bu),故总为二(er)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十步(bu)(bu)(bu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广当容(rong)三军”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),天子六(liu)军,左右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)各容(rong)三军,此(ci)郑(zheng)据天子六(liu)军整数而(er)言。其(qi)实兼羡卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,故《小司徒职》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“凡起徒役,无过(guo)家(jia)一人,惟田(tian)与追胥竭作。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“国人尽(jin)行”,是(shi)(shi)非止六(liu)乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)六(liu)军而(er)已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“步(bu)(bu)(bu)数未闻”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),但先(xian)(xian)南(nan)北二(er)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)十步(bu)(bu)(bu),东(dong)西不(bu)言步(bu)(bu)(bu)数,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“皆(jie)坐(zuo),当听誓(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下文即云(yun)(yun)(yun)“听誓(shi)於陈前”,故先(xian)(xian)当听誓(shi)也(ye)(ye)。

群吏听誓于陈前,斩牲以左右徇陈,曰:“不用命者斩之。”(群吏,诸军帅也。陈前,南面乡表也。《月令》:“季秋,天子教于田猎,以习五戎,司徒扑,北面以誓之。”此大阅礼实正岁之中冬,而说季秋之政,於周为中冬,为《月令》者失之矣。斩牲者,小子也。凡誓之大略,《甘誓》、《汤誓》之属是也。
  ○乡(xiang),许(xu)亮反。,刘如(ru)字,又音箭,一音初洽反。扑,普(pu)卜反。甘,如(ru)字,刘胡甘反。)

[疏]“群吏”至“斩之”
  ○释曰:云“群吏听誓於陈前”者,士卒皆於後表北面坐,群吏诸军帅皆在士卒前南面立,以听誓。云“斩牲以左右徇陈”者,从表左右向外以徇陈。
  ○注“群吏”至“是也”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“群吏,诸军帅”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),从军将以(yi)至伍(wu)长,谓象(xiang)军吏建旗(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。引《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证所(suo)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)司(si)徒(tu)。使(shi)(shi)司(si)徒(tu)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此军吏及士,本是(shi)六乡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,今虽属(shu)司(si)马(ma),犹是(shi)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民众(zhong),故(gu)(gu)使(shi)(shi)司(si)徒(tu)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此大阅(yue)礼实正岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)冬”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),周(zhou)虽建子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正,及其(qi)行事,皆用夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正岁,则此经中(zhong)夏、中(zhong)春、中(zhong)秋(qiu)、中(zhong)冬皆据(ju)夏法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“而说(shuo)季秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政,於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)冬,为(wei)(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣”,吕不韦(wei)作《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)此经中(zhong)冬为(wei)(wei)(wei)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)冬,当夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季秋(qiu),故(gu)(gu)说(shuo)於(wu)(wu)季秋(qiu),是(shi)失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。按(an)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》季秋(qiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“是(shi)月(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)(ye),天子(zi)乃教於(wu)(wu)田(tian)猎,以(yi)习五戎(rong),班马(ma)政”云(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun),注引“中(zhong)秋(qiu)教治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)法,王(wang)载大常(chang)”已(yi)下为(wei)(wei)(wei)证,不云(yun)(yun)(yun)失。至此乃以(yi)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》是(shi)中(zhong)冬教大阅(yue)法,而言为(wei)(wei)(wei)《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先。郑君两解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)其(qi)彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)司(si)徒(tu)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong),与(yu)此誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)同,故(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大阅(yue)。彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)彼(bi)(bi)文授(shou)车以(yi)等(deng)级,乃命(ming)主(zhu)祠祭于四(si)方,又与(yu)中(zhong)秋(qiu)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同,故(gu)(gu)彼(bi)(bi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)治(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“斩(zhan)牲”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《小子(zi)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡师(shi)田(tian),斩(zhan)牲以(yi)左(zuo)右徇陈”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大略,《甘誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《汤(tang)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《甘誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》是(shi)启与(yu)有扈(hu)战,《汤(tang)誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》是(shi)汤(tang)伐桀誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)众(zhong)辞(ci),言“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),仍有《大誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》、《费誓(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)。

中军以鼙令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓,司马振铎,群吏作旗,车徒皆作;鼓行,鸣镯,车徒皆行,及表乃止;三鼓,扌鹿铎,群吏弊旗,车徒皆坐。(中军,中军之将也。天子六军,三三而居一偏。群吏既听誓,各复其部曲。中军之将令鼓,鼓以作其士众之气也。鼓人者,中军之将、师帅、旅帅也。司马,两司马也。振铎以作众。作,起也。既起,鼓人击鼓以行之,伍长鸣镯以节之。伍长一曰公司马。及表,自後表前至第二表也。三鼓者,鼓人也。郑司农云:“扌鹿读如弄。”玄谓如涿鹿之鹿。掩上振之为扌鹿。扌鹿者,止行息气也。《司马法》曰:“鼓声不过阊,鼙声不过,铎声不过琅。”
  ○扌鹿,音(yin)鹿,李扶表反(fan)(fan)。铎,待洛反(fan)(fan)。涿(zhuo),丁(ding)角反(fan)(fan),沈音(yin)浊,刘音(yin)独(du)。阊,吐刚反(fan)(fan)。,吐猎(lie)反(fan)(fan),刘汤(tang)答反(fan)(fan)。琅,音(yin)郎(lang)。)

[疏]“中军”至“皆坐”
  ○释曰:此经总说听誓既已,将欲向南第二表,象战陈初发面敌,此即仲春振旅疾徐坐作之事,一也。
  ○注“中军”至“过琅”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):“中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun),中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)六(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),三(san)(san)(san)(san)军(jun)(jun)(jun)居一(yi)(yi)(yi)偏,皆(jie)(jie)自有中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天子六(liu)军(jun)(jun)(jun),三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)居一(yi)(yi)(yi)偏”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。言三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),非(fei)(fei)谓(wei)如法。云(yun)(yun)(yun)三(san)(san)(san)(san)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)九(jiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)是(shi)(shi)两(liang)个三(san)(san)(san)(san),为三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)复(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“群吏既听誓(shi)(shi),命(ming)各(ge)复(fu)(fu)其部(bu)曲(qu)(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),军(jun)(jun)(jun)吏本(ben)各(ge)主(zhu)其部(bu)分(fen)曲(qu)(qu)别,谓(wei)若伍(wu)(wu)(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)主(zhu)五人(ren),两(liang)司(si)(si)马(ma)主(zhu)二十五人(ren),卒长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)主(zhu)百人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)部(bu)曲(qu)(qu)。至(zhi)於(wu)誓(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,出向(xiang)众前,听誓(shi)(shi)讫(qi),各(ge)复(fu)(fu)其部(bu)伍(wu)(wu)(wu)本(ben)处,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)复(fu)(fu)其部(bu)曲(qu)(qu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将令(ling)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鼙令(ling)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”,故知(zhi)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)其士众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《春(chun)秋左氏(shi)》曹刿云(yun)(yun)(yun):“一(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)(zuo)气(qi)(qi),再而(er)(er)(er)衰(shuai),三(san)(san)(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)竭。”是(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)士众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)军(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将、师(shi)帅、旅(lv)(lv)帅也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《左氏(shi)》成二年传,晋与齐战(zhan)于鞍,克伤於(wu)矢(shi),曰(yue):“余病矣。”张侯曰(yue):“师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳目,在(zai)吾旗(qi)(qi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),进退从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”於(wu)是(shi)(shi)右爰抱而(er)(er)(er)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。时克击鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。哀二年《左传》,铁(tie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战(zhan),赵简子云(yun)(yun)(yun):“伏呕血,鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)音不衰(shuai)。”是(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)将居鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)下。知(zhi)兼有师(shi)帅、旅(lv)(lv)帅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)春(chun)辨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)铎(duo)(duo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)将执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晋鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),师(shi)帅执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提,旅(lv)(lv)帅执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼙”,皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren),故知(zhi)是(shi)(shi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)将、师(shi)帅、旅(lv)(lv)帅也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其卒长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)铙(nao)(nao)已(yi)下,皆(jie)(jie)金(jin)(jin),非(fei)(fei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)马(ma),两(liang)司(si)(si)马(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)其上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“两(liang)司(si)(si)马(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)铎(duo)(duo)”,故知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“司(si)(si)马(ma)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)铎(duo)(duo)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)两(liang)司(si)(si)马(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)众”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),金(jin)(jin)虽非(fei)(fei)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)众也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)(zuo),起(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。既起(qi),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)击鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),释(shi)经(jing)“车徒皆(jie)(jie)作(zuo)(zuo),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)行(xing)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“伍(wu)(wu)(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)鸣(ming)镯以(yi)(yi)(yi)节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镯”,《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“金(jin)(jin)镯节(jie)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)”,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)伍(wu)(wu)(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)鸣(ming)镯以(yi)(yi)(yi)节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“伍(wu)(wu)(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上(shang)(shang)(shang)文(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镯是(shi)(shi)伍(wu)(wu)(wu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)”,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)曰(yue)公(gong)司(si)(si)马(ma)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“扌鹿(lu)读如弄”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)扌鹿(lu)弄声相近,以(yi)(yi)(yi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)铎(duo)(duo)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弄也(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄谓(wei)“如涿(zhuo)鹿(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹿(lu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)从《史记(ji)》黄帝(di)与蚩尤战(zhan)于涿(zhuo)鹿(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹿(lu),直(zhi)取音同(tong),不从义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)鹿(lu)鹿(lu)然作(zuo)(zuo)声也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掩(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)手(shou)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang),向(xiang)下掩(yan)(yan)而(er)(er)(er)执(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“止行(xing)息气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),按(an)(an)《鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“金(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)通鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),金(jin)(jin)铙(nao)(nao)止鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”则金(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)通鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)止行(xing)息气(qi)(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见(jian)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)扌鹿(lu)铎(duo)(duo),即云(yun)(yun)(yun)群吏弊(bi)旗(qi)(qi),故知(zhi)金(jin)(jin)铎(duo)(duo)亦得(de)止行(xing)息气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《司(si)(si)马(ma)法》“鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)声不过阊”以(yi)(yi)(yi)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鼙与铎(duo)(duo)声之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有异也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

又三鼓,振铎,作旗,车徒皆作。鼓进,鸣镯,车骤徒趋,及表乃止,坐作如初。(趋者,赴敌尚疾之渐也。《春秋传》曰:“先人有夺人之心。”及表,自第二前至第三。
  ○骤,仕救反(fan)(fan),刘(liu)才遘(gou)反(fan)(fan)。先(xian),悉荐反(fan)(fan)。)

[疏]注“春秋”至“之心”
  ○释曰:昭(zhao)二(er)十一(yi)年:“冬十月(yue),华(hua)登(deng)以吴师(shi)救华(hua)氏。宋阍人(ren)濮(pu)曰:‘《军志》有之(zhi):先人(ren)有夺人(ren)之(zhi)心(xin)。’”注(zhu)云:“战(zhan)气未定故也(ye)。”“後(hou)人(ren)有待(dai)其衰(shuai)”,注(zhu)云:“待(dai)敌(di)之(zhi)衰(shuai)乃(nai)攻。”是其事也(ye)。

乃鼓,车驰徒走,及表乃止。(及表,自第三前至前表。)鼓戒三阕,车三发,徒三剌。(鼓戒,戒攻敌。鼓壹阕,车壹转,徒壹剌,三而止,象服敌。
  ○阕,苦穴反。)

[疏]注“鼓戒”至“服敌”
  ○释曰:经并言(yan)三(san)(san)(san)阕、三(san)(san)(san)发、三(san)(san)(san)剌,郑历(li)言(yan)鼓一(yi)阕、车一(yi)转、徒(tu)一(yi)剌,三(san)(san)(san)而(er)止者(zhe),郑据实而(er)言(yan),非是一(yi)时而(er)三(san)(san)(san)故也。

乃鼓退,鸣铙且,及表乃止,坐作如初。(铙所以止鼓。军退,卒长鸣铙以和众,鼓人为止之也。退,自前表至後表。鼓铎则同,习战之礼,出入一也;异者,废镯而鸣铙。
  ○,起(qi)略(lve)反(fan)(fan)。和(he),胡卧反(fan)(fan)。为(wei),于伪反(fan)(fan),下“为(wei)相”疑同。)

[疏]“乃鼓”至“如初”
  ○释曰:此言“乃鼓退”者,谓至南表,军吏及士卒回身向北,更从南为始也。云“鸣铙且”者,此鸣铙且,据初至南表退军之时,象在军,军退亦鸣铙。是以《左氏》哀公传,铁之战,陈子云“吾闻鼓不闻金”,亦是鸣铙退军注。及其向北,即更为习战之事,故云及表乃止,坐作如初。故郑云习战之礼,出入一也。
  ○注“铙所”至“鸣铙”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“铙所(suo)以止鼓(gu)(gu)”者(zhe),《鼓(gu)(gu)人职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“金(jin)铙止鼓(gu)(gu)”是(shi)也(ye)。知“卒长鸣铙”者(zhe),春辨鼓(gu)(gu)铎云(yun)(yun)(yun)“卒长执铙”是(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“退(tui),自前(qian)表(biao)(biao)至後表(biao)(biao)”者(zhe),经略言(yan)表(biao)(biao),则“及表(biao)(biao)乃止,坐(zuo)作如初”者(zhe),总向(xiang)(xiang)北三(san)表(biao)(biao),故郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)自前(qian)表(biao)(biao)至後表(biao)(biao)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)铎则同”者(zhe),鼓(gu)(gu)人三(san)鼓(gu)(gu),两司马(ma)执铎,与向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)时同,以其习(xi)战(zhan)(zhan)之礼,出(chu)入(ru)一(yi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“异者(zhe),废镯(zhuo)而鸣铙”者(zhe),前(qian)向(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)时云(yun)(yun)(yun)“鼓(gu)(gu)行鸣镯(zhuo)”,此(ci)北向(xiang)(xiang),不言(yan)鸣镯(zhuo)而言(yan)鼓(gu)(gu)退(tui)鸣铙,以其虽习(xi)战(zhan)(zhan),出(chu)入(ru)一(yi)犹(you)象退(tui)军,故鸣铙也(ye)。

遂以狩田,以旌为左右和之门,群吏各帅其车徒以叙和出,左右陈车徒,有司平之。旗居卒间以分地,前後有屯百步,有司巡其前後。险野,人为主;易野,车为主。(冬田为狩,言守取之,无所择也。军门曰和,今谓之垒门,立两旌以为之。叙和出,用次第出和门也。左右,或出而左,或出而右。有司平之,乡师居门,正其出入之行列也。旗,军吏所载。分地,调其部曲疏数。前後有屯百,步车徙异群相去之数也。车徒毕出和门,乡师又巡其行陈。郑司农云:“险野人为主,人居前;易野车为主,车居前。”
  ○分(fen),扶(fu)问反,又如(ru)字,注(zhu)同。易,以豉反,注(zhu)同。垒,力轨反。)

[疏]“遂以”至“为主”
  ○释曰:此一节总论教战讫入防田猎之事,故云“遂以狩田”也。云“以旌为左右和之门”者,六军分三军,各处东西为左右,各为一门。云“以致和出”者,以教战处内,故以田处出。云“旗居卒门”者,军吏各领已之士卒,执旗以表之,故旗居卒间也。
  ○注“冬田”至“居前”
  ○释(shi)曰:云(yun)(yun)“冬田为(wei)狩,言守取之,无所择”者(zhe),对春夏言、言苗有(you)所择。又(you)(you)秋(qiu)名(ming),中杀者(zhe)多,对此(ci)围(wei)守之,此(ci)又(you)(you)多於,故(gu)(gu)得守名(ming)也。云(yun)(yun)“军(jun)(jun)(jun)门(men)(men)(men)(men)曰和(he)”者(zhe),《左氏传》云(yun)(yun)“师克在(zai)和(he),不在(zai)众”,田猎(lie)象(xiang)战伐,故(gu)(gu)其(qi)门(men)(men)(men)(men)曰和(he)门(men)(men)(men)(men)也。云(yun)(yun)“今谓之垒(lei)门(men)(men)(men)(men)”者(zhe),汉时(shi)军(jun)(jun)(jun)垒(lei)为(wei)门(men)(men)(men)(men),名(ming)曰垒(lei)门(men)(men)(men)(men),与古(gu)和(he)门(men)(men)(men)(men)同,故(gu)(gu)举(ju)为(wei)说。云(yun)(yun)“立两旌以(yi)为(wei)之”者(zhe),昭八(ba)年《梁传》云(yun)(yun):“秋(qiu),於红,正(zheng)也。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun):“刈兰以(yi)为(wei)防,置(zhi)旃以(yi)为(wei)辕门(men)(men)(men)(men),以(yi)葛覆质以(yi)为(wei){执(zhi)木}。”注云(yun)(yun):“质,椹也。{执(zhi)木},门(men)(men)(men)(men)中臬。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun):“流(liu)旁(pang)握(wo)(wo)御{车(che)}者(zhe)不得入。”注:“流(liu)旁(pang)握(wo)(wo),谓车(che)两彗头,各去门(men)(men)(men)(men)边容握(wo)(wo)。握(wo)(wo),四(si)寸也。又(you)(you)《车(che)攻诗》传云(yun)(yun):“大艾(ai)草以(yi)为(wei)防,或舍其(qi)中,褐缠(chan)(chan)旃以(yi)为(wei)门(men)(men)(men)(men),裘(qiu)缠(chan)(chan)质以(yi)为(wei)执(zhi)。门(men)(men)(men)(men)容握(wo)(wo),驱而(er)入,{车(che)}则不得入。左者(zhe)之左,右(you)者(zhe)之右(you),然後(hou)焚而(er)射(she)焉。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“古(gu)者(zhe)战不出顷,田不出防”。是(shi)其(qi)事也。云(yun)(yun)“有(you)司平之,乡师居门(men)(men)(men)(men),正(zheng)其(qi)出入之行列也”者(zhe),按《乡师职(zhi)》云(yun)(yun):“巡(xun)其(qi)前後(hou)之屯,常(chang)戮(lu)其(qi)犯命(ming)者(zhe),断其(qi)争(zheng)禽之讼。”故(gu)(gu)知此(ci)经云(yun)(yun)有(you)司皆是(shi)乡师也。云(yun)(yun)“车(che)徒异群(qun)”者(zhe),出军(jun)(jun)(jun)之时(shi),一(yi)车(che)甲士(shi)三人,步卒(zu)七十(shi)二人,车(che)徒同群(qun)。今在(zai)军(jun)(jun)(jun)行列之时(shi),则车(che)徒异群(qun),故(gu)(gu)车(che)人有(you)异也。

既陈,乃设驱逆之车,有司表貉于陈前。(驱,驱出禽兽使趋田者也。逆,逆要不得令走。设此车者,田仆也。
  ○驱(qu),起具反,又如字。要,於(wu)遥反。)

[疏]“既陈”至“陈前”
  ○释曰:前经论陈车徒讫,故此云“既陈”。云“乃设驱逆之车”,设讫,即为表貉之祭於陈前也。
  ○注“驱驱”至“仆也”
  ○释曰:云(yun)“驱(qu)(qu),驱(qu)(qu)出(chu)禽(qin)兽使(shi)趋(qu)田”者,按《王(wang)制》云(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)发(fa),诸侯发(fa)”,皆(jie)不云(yun)佐车者,其实天(tian)子(zi)、诸侯田时皆(jie)有驱(qu)(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)佐车。直於大夫(fu)言之(zhi)者,据终而(er)言也(ye)。知设此车是田仆(pu)者,见《田仆(pu)职(zhi)》六设驱(qu)(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)车,故(gu)知也(ye)。

中军以鼙令鼓,鼓人皆三鼓,群司马振铎,车徒皆作。遂鼓行,徒衔枚而进。大兽公之,小禽私之,获者取左耳。(群司马,谓两司马也。枚如箸,衔之,有纟画结项中。军法止语,为相疑惑也。进,行也。郑司农云:“大兽公之,输之於公;小禽私之,以自畀也。《诗》云:‘言私其<豕从>,献肩于公。’一岁为<豕从>,二岁为,三岁为特,四岁为肩,五岁为慎。此明其献大者於公,曰取其小者。”玄谓慎读为{鹿辰},《尔雅》曰:“豕生三曰<豕从>,豕牝曰,糜牝曰{鹿辰}。”获,得也。得禽兽者取左耳,当以计功。
  ○箸,直虑反(fan)。纟画,户卦反(fan),刘(liu)又胡(hu)麦(mai)反(fan),或音(yin)(yin)卦。畀(bi),必二反(fan),与也(ye)。,音(yin)(yin)巴(ba),本(ben)亦(yi)作巴(ba)。慎,如字,亦(yi)音(yin)(yin)辰。{鹿(lu)辰},音(yin)(yin)辰,又音(yin)(yin)肾,止尸(shi)反(fan)。{鹿(lu)辰},糜牝也(ye)。<豕&gt;,本(ben)亦(yi)作<豕从>,子工反(fan)。)

[疏]“中军”至“左耳”
  ○释曰:此令鼓之事,与上文教战时大同,惟徒衔枚为异。
  ○注“群司”至“计功”
  ○释曰(yue):郑(zheng)(zheng)知“群(qun)司马谓两司马”者(zhe)(zhe),上文(wen)春辨鼓(gu)铎(duo),云(yun)两司马振铎(duo),故知之(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)“枚如箸,衔之(zhi),有(you)纟画结(jie)项中”者(zhe)(zhe),虽(sui)无(wu)正文(wen),以意(yi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。纟画即两头系(xi)也(ye)。既有(you)两系(xi),明於(wu)项後(hou)中央(yang)结(jie)之(zhi)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)引《诗》云(yun)“言(yan)(yan)私其<豕(shi)(shi)从(cong)>,献肩于公”,一岁为<;豕(shi)(shi)从(cong)>已下,郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)不从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe),《豳诗》毛传(chuan)云(yun)“三岁曰(yue)<豕(shi)(shi)开(kai)>”,此云(yun)四岁为肩,《尔雅(ya)》云(yun):“豕(shi)(shi)生一曰(yue)特,二曰(yue)师(shi),三曰(yue)<豕(shi)(shi)从(cong)>。”又(you)《尔雅(ya)》云(yun):“糜牝曰(yue){鹿辰}。”无(wu)五岁为慎。又(you)《魏(wei)诗》云(yun):“三岁曰(yue)特。”先郑(zheng)(zheng)皆(jie)无(wu)可依据,故不从(cong)也(ye)。若然,<豕(shi)(shi)开(kai)>还是(shi)鹿之(zhi)绝有(you)力者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。

及所弊,鼓皆戒,车徒皆讠。(郑司农云:“及所弊,至所弊之处。”玄谓至所弊之处,田所当於止也。天子诸侯狩有常,至其常处,吏士鼓噪,象攻敌京刂胜而喜也。疾雷击鼓曰戒。噪,ん也。《书》曰“前师乃鼓{付鼓}噪”,亦谓喜也。
  ○戒,本亦作骇(hai),胡楷(kai)反,李一音亥。噪,素报(bao)反。{付鼓},音符,又芳甫反。)

[疏]“及所”至“皆噪”
  ○释曰:云“及所弊”者,冬徒弊止之处,谓百姓猎止。
  ○注“郑司”至“喜也”
  ○释曰(yue):引“《书(shu)》曰(yue)”者,《书(shu)传》文。彼说(shuo)武王伐纣时事。

徒乃弊,致禽饣盍兽于郊,入献禽以享。(徒乃弊,徒止也。冬田主用众,物多,众得取也。致禽饣盍兽于郊,聚所获禽,因以祭四方神於郊。《月令》“季秋,天子既田,命主祠祭禽四方”是也。入又以禽祭宗庙。
  ○饣盍,于辄反,刘于法反。,之升反,後皆放此。)

[疏]“徒乃”至“享”
  ○释曰:云“致禽饣盍兽于郊”者,亦谓因田过郊之神位而馈之。
  ○注“徒乃”至“宗庙”
  ○释曰:“《月令》季(ji)秋天子(zi)既田”云(yun)云(yun)者,证彼祭禽于(yu)四郊,与此饣盍兽于(yu)郊为一(yi)物。其实彼一(yi)解以(yi)为是(shi)仲秋祭禽,以(yi)祠礻方为一(yi)也。

及师,大合军,以行禁令,以救无辜,伐有罪。(师,所谓王巡守若会同,司马起师合军以从,所以威天下、行其政也。不言大者,未有敌,不尚武。
  ○从,才用(yong)反,下同。)

[疏]注“师所”至“尚武”
  ○释曰(yue):云(yun)“师,所谓王巡守若(ruo)会同”者,以(yi)对(dui)下文云(yun)“若(ruo)大师”是(shi)出军法,故郑云(yun)“未有(you)敌,不尚武”也。

若(ruo)大(da)师,则掌其(qi)戒令,莅大(da)卜,帅(shuai)执事莅衅主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)军器(qi)。(大(da)师,王出(chu)征伐也。莅,临(lin)也。临(lin)大(da)卜,卜出(chu)兵吉凶也。《司(si)马(ma)法(fa)》曰(yue):“上卜下谋,是谓参之。”主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),谓迁(qian)庙(miao)之主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)社(she)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在军者也。军器(qi),鼓铎之属。凡师既(ji)受甲,迎主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于庙(miao)及(ji)社(she)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),祝奉以(yi)(yi)从,杀牲以(yi)(yi)血(xue)涂(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及(ji)军器(qi),皆神之。)

[疏]“若大”至“军器”
  ○释曰:云“帅执事莅衅主及军器”者,按《小子职》云“衅邦器及军器”,彼官衅之,而大司马临之。
  ○注“大师”至“神之”
  ○释曰:郑知临大(da)卜(bu)者(zhe)(zhe),按《大(da)卜(bu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“掌龟(gui)之八命:一曰征”,故(gu)知也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《司马法(fa)》曰‘上(shang)卜(bu)下(xia)谋,是谓参(can)之’”者(zhe)(zhe),卜(bu)在(zai)庙(miao),又龟(gui)有神(shen),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)上(shang)卜(bu)。谋人在(zai)下(xia),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)下(xia)谋。君居其中(zhong),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)参(can)也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“主谓迁庙(miao)之主及社(she)主在(zai)军(jun)也”者(zhe)(zhe),《曾(ceng)子(zi)问》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“军(jun)行则(ze)以迁庙(miao)之主行。”《左传》祝佗(tuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“军(jun)行,祓社(she)衅鼓,祝奉以从(cong)。”《尚(shang)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun):“用(yong)命赏于(yu)祖,不(bu)用(yong)命戮于(yu)社(she)。”皆是在(zai)军(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)也。

及致,建大常,比军众,诛後至者。(比或作庀。郑司农云:“致,谓聚众也。庀,具也。”玄谓致,乡师致民於司马。比,校次之也。
  ○比,必(bi)履(lv)反(fan),注同,或毗志反(fan),刘(liu)芳直反(fan)。作(zuo)庀,匹(pi)是也,刘(liu)芳美反(fan),具也,沈方二反(fan)。)

[疏]注“比或”至“之也”
  ○释(shi)曰:先郑云(yun)“庀(pi),具(ju)也”者,先郑从古书庀(pi),後郑不从,以为校(xiao)次者,凡物(wu)有数者,皆须校(xiao)次乃知具(ju)不,故不从具(ju)也。“玄谓致,乡师致民於司(si)马(ma)”者,据《乡师职》知之(zhi)(zhi),其司(si)马(ma)用(yong)王(wang)大(da)(da)常者,以上文(wen)大(da)(da)师王(wang)亲(qin)御六(liu)军,故司(si)马(ma)用(yong)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)常致众(zhong)。若王(wang)不亲(qin),则(ze)司(si)马(ma)自用(yong)大(da)(da)旗致之(zhi)(zhi)。

及战,巡陈,事而赏罚。(事,谓战功也。
  ○氐,音(yin)视。)

[疏]“及战”至“赏罚”
  ○释曰:“巡陈”者(zhe),司马当战,对阵(zhen)之(zhi)时,巡军陈,氐其(qi)战功(gong)之(zhi)事,知有其(qi)功(gong)无功(gong)而行(xing)赏罚(fa)也。

若师有功,则左执律,右秉钺,以先恺乐献于社。(功,胜也。律所以听军声,钺所以为将威也。先犹道也。兵乐曰恺。献于社,献功于社也。《司马法》曰:“得意则恺乐,恺歌,示喜也。”郑司农云:“故城濮之战,《春秋传》曰,振旅恺以入于晋。”
  ○钺,音越。道(dao),音导。濮,音卜。)

[疏]“若师”至“于社”
  ○释曰:云“若师有功,则左执律,右秉钺,以先”者,谓战陈知有胜,功讫乃执律者,示此律听军声克胜耳。右秉钺,示威也。
  ○注“功胜”至“于晋”
  ○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“律所以听军(jun)声”者,《大(da)师(shi)职》文。彼(bi)初出(chu)军(jun)时,大(da)师(shi)执(zhi)听,至(zhi)此克胜,司(si)马执(zhi)之(zhi)。先(xian)郑引城(cheng)濮之(zhi)战者,僖二(er)十八年,晋文公(gong)败楚於城(cheng)濮,兵入曰(yue)振旅,整众(zhong)而还,歌(ge)恺(kai)乐(le)而入晋,彼(bi)诸侯法,与此天子礼同,故引为证也。赵商问:“《夏官(guan)》,师(shi)有功(gong)则(ze)献(xian)于(yu)社(she)。《春官(guan)·大(da)司(si)乐(le)》‘王师(shi)大(da)献(xian),则(ze)令奏恺(kai)乐(le)’,注云(yun):‘大(da)献(xian),献(xian)捷於祖(zu)。’不违(wei)异意。”郑答(da)曰(yue):“司(si)马主军(jun)事之(zhi)功(gong),故献(xian)於社(she)。大(da)司(si)乐(le),宗伯之(zhi)属(shu),宗伯主宗庙,故献(xian)于(yu)祖(zu)。若(ruo)然,军(jun)有功(gong),二(er)处俱献(xian),以其(qi)出(chu)军(jun)之(zhi)时告于(yu)祖(zu),宜于(yu)社(she),故反(fan)必(bi)告也。”

若师不功,则厌而奉主车。(郑司农云:“厌谓厌冠,丧服也。军败则以丧礼,故秦伯之败於ゾ也,《春秋传》‘曰秦伯素服郊次,乡师而哭’。”玄谓厌,伏冠也。奉犹送也。送主归於庙与社。
  ○厌,於涉反,李一音於入反,注同。ゾ,户交反,刘音豪(hao)。乡师,许(xu)亮反。)

[疏]注“郑司”至“与社”
  ○释(shi)曰:《春秋》秦伯事,《左(zuo)传》僖三(san)十三(san)年,秦师(shi)(shi)袭郑之(zhi)(zhi)事。按彼僖三(san)十年,秦晋(jin)围郑,郑使烛之(zhi)(zhi)武说秦伯,秦师(shi)(shi)退,使杞子、逢孙、杨(yang)孙戍(shu)郑。至僖三(san)十三(san)年,秦使孟明视、白乙丙(bing)、西(xi)乞术袭郑,将(jiang)(jiang)至郑,逢商人(ren)弦高将(jiang)(jiang)市于周,诈之(zhi)(zhi),秦师(shi)(shi)还至ゾ,晋(jin)师(shi)(shi)与姜戎败之(zhi)(zhi),获三(san)帅,囚之(zhi)(zhi)於晋(jin),晋(jin)舍三(san)师(shi)(shi)还,秦伯素(su)服(fu)(fu)(fu)郊次,乡师(shi)(shi)而哭(ku)之(zhi)(zhi),是其(qi)(qi)事也(ye)。玄谓“厌(yan),伏(fu)冠(guan)也(ye)”者,按下(xia)《曲礼(li)》云:“厌(yan)冠(guan)不(bu)入(ru)公门。”彼差次当缌小功之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan),以(yi)义(yi)言之(zhi)(zhi),五服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)冠(guan)皆厌(yan),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)丧冠(guan)反。吉冠(guan)於武上(shang)向(xiang)内缝(feng)之(zhi)(zhi),丧冠(guan)於武下(xia)向(xiang)上(shang)缝(feng)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)伏(fu)冠(guan)在武,故得(de)厌(yan)伏(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)名。按《檀弓》注“厌(yan)冠(guan),丧冠(guan),其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)亦未闻(wen)”。若然,先郑引秦伯素(su)服(fu)(fu)(fu)者,彼据在国(guo)向(xiang)外(wai)哭(ku),此(ci)则从(cong)外(wai)向(xiang)内,不(bu)同,故云其(qi)(qi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)未闻(wen)。後(hou)郑不(bu)破(po)者,已有《檀弓》注,此(ci)从(cong)破(po)可知。

王吊劳士庶子,则相。(师败,王亲吊士庶子之死者,劳其伤者,则相王之礼。庶子,卿大夫之子从军者,或谓之庶士。
  ○劳,老报反,注同。相,息亮反,注同。)

[疏]注“师败”至“庶士”
  ○释曰:按《宫(gong)伯》云(yun)“掌宫(gong)中士(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,注云(yun)“士(shi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),其(qi)支庶(shu)(shu)”,与(yu)此注云(yun)“庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,庶(shu)(shu)俱兼,则经中士(shi)为(wei)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)之(zhi)身。与(yu)《宫(gong)伯》注不(bu)同者(zhe),彼(bi)宫(gong)正掌卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)身,宫(gong)伯别掌士(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),士(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)支子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)明矣。此惟(wei)一文云(yun)“吊(diao)劳(lao)士(shi)庶(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,不(bu)见别有吊(diao)劳(lao)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)士(shi)身,故(gu)分之(zhi)。郑望(wang)经为(wei)注,故(gu)不(bu)同也。若然,此注不(bu)云(yun)士(shi)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)卿大(da)(da)夫(fu)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),为(wei)王与(yu)后与(yu)士(shi)同,故(gu)亲吊(diao)劳(lao)之(zhi)。士(shi)之(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)如众人,不(bu)得为(wei)王及后如士(shi),故(gu)不(bu)吊(diao)劳(lao)之(zhi)也。

大役,与虑事属其植,受其要,以待考而赏诛。(大役,筑城邑也。郑司农云:“国有大役,大司马与谋虑其事也。植,谓部曲将吏。故宋城,《春秋传》曰‘华元为植巡功’。属谓聚会之也。要者,簿书也。考,谓考校其功。”玄谓虑事者,封人也。于有役,司马与之。植,筑城桢也。属,赋丈尺与其用人数。
  ○与虑,音预,又如字,注与谋同。属(shu),音烛,注同。植,直吏反,注同。华,户化反。桢,音贞。)

[疏]“大役”至“赏诛”
  ○释曰:此谓筑城邑之时,封人虑事计功,大司马虽不掌徒役,亦得与谋也。“属其植”者,属,谓属聚徒役,计其人数,付其丈尺,以课其功也。植者,版之属,计其人事,各使备足也。
  ○注“大役”至“人数”
  ○释(shi)曰:先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)为与(yu)虑(lv)事,大(da)司(si)马(ma)与(yu)在谋虑(lv)其(qi)事中,後郑(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi),增成(cheng)其(qi)义(yi)。按宣(xuan)十(shi)一年(nian):“楚令尹艾猎城所,使(shi)封(feng)(feng)人(ren)虑(lv)事,以(yi)(yi)授司(si)徒。”注云(yun)(yun):“封(feng)(feng)人(ren),司(si)徒之(zhi)属官。”是(shi)封(feng)(feng)人(ren)虑(lv)事,司(si)马(ma)与(yu)在谋虑(lv)中也(ye)。《春秋》宋(song)华(hua)元者(zhe),按宣(xuan)二年(nian)《左氏传》云(yun)(yun):“宋(song)城,华(hua)元为植(zhi),巡功(gong)。”注云(yun)(yun):“植(zhi),将主也(ye)。”先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun):“植(zhi),谓部(bu)曲(qu)将吏。属,谓聚会之(zhi)。”後郑(zheng)(zheng)不从,以(yi)(yi)为植(zhi)筑(zhu)城桢也(ye)。“属,赋丈尺与(yu)其(qi)用人(ren)数(shu)”者(zhe),按昭(zhao)三(san)十(shi)二年(nian),“晋士弥牟营成(cheng)周,计丈数(shu),揣高卑,度厚薄,仞沟(gou)洫”。又云(yun)(yun):“以(yi)(yi)令役(yi)於诸侯,属役(yi)赋丈尺。”宣(xuan)十(shi)一年(nian),计虑(lv)用人(ren)功(gong)之(zhi)数(shu)。以(yi)(yi)此知属谓赋丈尺与(yu)人(ren)数(shu)也(ye)。

大(da)会(hui)同,则帅士庶子(zi)而掌其(qi)政令(ling)。(帅,师以从王。)

[疏]注“帅师以从王”
  ○释曰(yue):知“帅,帅以从(cong)(cong)王(wang)”者,按(an)《诸子职》云(yun)“若会(hui)同宾客,作群子从(cong)(cong)”,注(zhu)云(yun):“从(cong)(cong),从(cong)(cong)王(wang)。”是其事也。

若大射(she),则合诸(zhu)侯之六(liu)耦。(大射(she),王将(jiang)祭(ji),射(she)于射(she)宫,以选(xuan)贤(xian)也。王射(she)三侯,以诸(zhu)侯为(wei)六(liu)耦。)

[疏]“若大”至“六耦”
  ○释曰:王大射之时有诸侯来朝,在京师者,大司马令之为六耦。
  ○注“大射”至“六耦”
  ○释(shi)曰:云“大(da)射(she)(she)(she),王将祭(ji)(ji)(ji),射(she)(she)(she)于(yu)射(she)(she)(she)宫,以选(xuan)贤也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),按《礼记·射(she)(she)(she)义》云:“古者(zhe)天(tian)子之制,诸侯(hou)(hou)岁献(xian)贡士於天(tian)子,天(tian)子试(shi)之於射(she)(she)(she)宫,而中多者(zhe)得与於祭(ji)(ji)(ji)。”《大(da)射(she)(she)(she)礼》亦(yi)射(she)(she)(she)於郊学宫中,皆是为祭(ji)(ji)(ji)选(xuan)士,故(gu)云选(xuan)贤也(ye)(ye)。云“王射(she)(she)(she)三侯(hou)(hou)”者(zhe),《司裘》云“王大(da)射(she)(she)(she),则共虎侯(hou)(hou)、熊侯(hou)(hou)、豹(bao)侯(hou)(hou)”是也(ye)(ye)。此大(da)射(she)(she)(she)是将祭(ji)(ji)(ji)而射(she)(she)(she),故(gu)用(yong)(yong)诸侯(hou)(hou)为六(liu)耦。若宾射(she)(she)(she),射(she)(she)(she)人亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)六(liu)耦,但不用(yong)(yong)诸侯(hou)(hou),当(dang)用(yong)(yong)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)夫为之。燕(yan)射(she)(she)(she)三耦,自(zi)然(ran)用(yong)(yong)卿(qing)(qing)大(da)夫已下为之。

大祭祀、飨食,羞牲鱼,授其祭。(牲鱼,鱼牲也。祭,谓尸宾所以祭也。郑司农云:“大司马主进鱼牲。”
  ○食,音嗣,後“飨食”皆放此。)

[疏]“大祭”至“其祭”
  ○释曰:大祭祀,谓天地宗庙。此大祭,据祭庙而言,其中小之祭祀,亦为之矣。飨食,谓诸侯来朝,上公三飨三食之等,行之在庙,故与大祭祀同。皆羞进鱼牲。
  ○注“牲鱼”至“鱼牲”
  ○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),谓(wei)尸(shi)宾所(suo)以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)”者(zhe),大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)授尸(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),飨食(shi)授宾祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe),鱼之(zhi)大脔,即《少牢(lao)下篇》云(yun)(yun):“主人、主妇、尸(shi)侑各一(yi)鱼,加无,祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)於(wu)其上。”无,谓(wei)鱼之(zhi)反覆者(zhe)。《公食(shi)大夫(fu)》亦云(yun)(yun)“授宾祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”。故云(yun)(yun)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)谓(wei)尸(shi)宾所(suo)以(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。若王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),则(ze)《膳夫(fu)》云(yun)(yun)“授王祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)”是也(ye)。先(xian)郑云(yun)(yun)“大司(si)马(ma)主进(jin)鱼牲”者(zhe),必使司(si)马(ma)进(jin)之(zhi)者(zhe),司(si)马(ma)夏官,夏阴气所(suo)起,鱼,水物,亦阴类,故使司(si)马(ma)进(jin)之(zhi)也(ye)。

大丧,平(ping)士大夫(fu)。(郑司农云:“平(ping),一其服也。”玄(xuan)谓平(ping)者,正其职与其位。)

[疏]“大丧平士大夫”
  ○释曰:必使司马平之者,司马之属有司士,主群吏。今王丧,不得使司士,故司马士之。
  ○注“郑司”至“其位”
  ○释曰(yue):先郑云“平,一其(qi)服也”者,後郑不从(cong)者,《小宗(zong)伯》已悬衰冠(guan),故後郑以为平者正其(qi)职(zhi)与(yu)其(qi)位也。

丧祭,奉诏马牲。(王丧之以马祭者,盖遣奠也。奉犹送也,送之至墓,告而藏之。
  ○遣(qian)奠,弃战反,後(hou)“遣(qian)奠”、“遣(qian)车”之类皆同。)

[疏]注“王丧”至“藏之”
  ○释曰:郑知丧(sang)祭是大遣奠(dian)者,以(yi)其丧(sang)奠(dian)、反虞、卒哭(ku)丧(sang)祭之等,无奉(feng)送(song)诏告,惟有(you)大遣奠(dian)。入圹之时,有(you)奉(feng)送(song)之事,故知丧(sang)祭是大遣奠(dian)耳。

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