爱上海

卷十六 十六之五

　　《灵台》，民始附也。文王受命，而民乐其有灵德，以及鸟兽昆虫焉。民者，冥也。其见仁道迟，故於是乃附也。天子有灵台者，所以观祲象，察气之妖祥也。文王受命，而作邑于丰，立灵台。《春秋传》曰：“公既视朔，遂登观台以望，而书云物，为备故也。”
　　○灵(ling)台(tai)，杜预(yu)注(zhu)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)：“灵(ling)台(tai)在始平鄠县，今属京(jing)兆(zhao)府所管。”昆(kun)，古门(men)反(fan)，郑注(zhu)《礼记》云(yun)：“明也。”虫(chong)，直(zhi)弓反(fan)，本或作“虫(chong)”，非。冥(ming)，亡(wang)丁反(fan)。冥(ming)冥(ming)，无知(zhi)貌。《字林》云(yun)：“幽也。”又亡(wang)定(ding)反(fan)。祲，子鸩反(fan)，阴阳气相侵，渐成祥。观，古乱(luan)反(fan)。下“观台(tai)”、“节观”同。

[疏]“《灵台》五章，章四句”至“昆虫焉”。
　　○正义曰：作《灵台》诗者，言民始附也。文王受天之所命，而民乐有其神灵之德，以及鸟兽昆虫焉。以文王德及昆虫，民归附之，故作此诗以歌其事也。经说作台，序言始附，则是作台之时民始附也。文王嗣为西伯，三分天下而有其二，则为民所从，事应久矣。而於作台之时，始言民附者，三分有二，诸侯之君从文王耳，其民从君而来，其心未见灵德。至於作台之日，民心始知，故言始附，谓心附之也。往前则貌附之耳。此言作台而民始附，则其附在受命六年。而序追言受命者，以民心之附，事亦有渐。初受命已附，至作台而齐心，故系之受命，见附之所由也。言民始附，首章及二章上二句是也。乐其有灵德，以及鸟兽昆虫者，二章下二句及三章是也。台、囿、沼皆言灵，是明文王有灵德之义。麀鹿，兽也。白鸟，鸟也。昆虫者，《王制》注云：“昆，明也。明虫者，得阳而生，得阴而藏。”阴阳即寒温也，故《祭统》注云：“昆虫，温生寒死之虫。”然则诸蛰虫皆是也。此经无昆虫之事，而三章言鱼，鱼亦虫之别名，举潜物以见陆产，故言昆虫以总之。经先言兽，序先言鸟者，作囿主以养兽，故先言之。序则从其言便，故不同也。四章、卒章言政教得所，合乐详之，亦是灵德之事，故序略之也。
　　○笺“民者”至“备故”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“民者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，冥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，《孝(xiao)经(jing)(jing)·援神契》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冥冥无知，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)见(jian)仁道迟，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)始附(fu)，解其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)晚附(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)解台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)祲(jin)(jin)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，察气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖(yao)(yao)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。四方而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)高曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上，须登台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《春官(guan)(guan)·眡祲(jin)(jin)》“掌十(shi)(shi)煇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)妖(yao)(yao)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，辨吉凶。一(yi)(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祲(jin)(jin)，二(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，三(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)镌，四曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)监，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)闇(an)，六曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)瞢，七曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)弥(mi)，八(ba)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)叙(xu)(xu)，九(jiu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隮，十(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)想。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“妖(yao)(yao)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，善恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘煇，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)光(guang)(guang)气(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祲(jin)(jin)，阴(yin)阳气(qi)(qi)相侵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，如(ru)赤(chi)鸟也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。闇(an)，日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。瞢，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)瞢瞢无光(guang)(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。叙(xu)(xu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)次(ci)叙(xu)(xu)，如(ru)山在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)日(ri)(ri)上也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)‘镌谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)日(ri)(ri)旁气(qi)(qi)刺日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。监，冠珥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。弥(mi)，气(qi)(qi)贯日(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隮，虹也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。想，杂气(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)似(si)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)形想也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。”此(ci)(ci)十(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)(jie)举(ju)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异(yi)啤ｘ视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，当在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上视(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)笺(jian)取(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)。十(shi)(shi)煇而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)唯言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)祲(jin)(jin)、象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，举(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)初(chu)二(er)(er)(er)事，馀从可(ke)(ke)(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《冯相氏(shi)(shi)》、《保章(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妖(yao)(yao)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。”则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。独引《视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)视(shi)(shi)祲(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)官(guan)(guan)名(ming)(ming)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)(shi)(shi)仰观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)特取(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实冯相、保章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)解文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)作(zuo)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)受命，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)作(zuo)邑(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)丰，立(li)(li)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)”。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)(ci)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)丰邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《含(han)神务》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“作(zuo)邑(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)丰，起(qi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。”《易乾(qian)凿(zao)度(du)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“伐崇(chong)作(zuo)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)丰邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)引《春秋传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，僖五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)年《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)气(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)用(yong)。彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望(wang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)，礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡分、至、启、闭，必书(shu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)物(wu)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)备(bei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。”此(ci)(ci)略引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)与(yu)彼(bi)小异(yi)。此(ci)(ci)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)，诸(zhu)儒以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)无正文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)说(shuo)(shuo)多异(yi)。《异(yi)义(yi)》、《公(gong)羊》说(shuo)(shuo)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)三(san)(san)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)二(er)(er)(er)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时(shi)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)四时(shi)施化，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)囿(you)(you)(you)(you)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鸟兽(shou)鱼(yu)鳖。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)当有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)时(shi)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、囿(you)(you)(you)(you)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)卑，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，无灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。皆(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)南二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)，东(dong)(dong)南少阳用(yong)事，万物(wu)著见(jian)。用(yong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)里(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，吉行(xing)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)，朝行(xing)暮反(fan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《韩(han)诗(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)“辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，圆如(ru)璧，壅(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)，示圆，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，取(qu)(qu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德。不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)水(shui)(shui)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)春射(she)秋飨，尊(zun)(zun)事三(san)(san)老(lao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)更。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南方七里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)，立(li)(li)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)於(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，《五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)(jing)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)藏处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，盖(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)茅(mao)草，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)洁清也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，壅(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，亦(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望(wang)嘉祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。《毛诗(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)“灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)监视(shi)(shi)。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，精也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)囿(you)(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)囿(you)(you)(you)(you)，称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)沼(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)。谨(jin)案《公(gong)羊传(chuan)》、《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)(shi)》说(shuo)(shuo)皆(jie)(jie)无明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)。说(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)·王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教然后(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)将(jiang)出征(zheng)(zheng)，受命於(wu)(wu)(wu)祖(zu)，受成於(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。出征(zheng)(zheng)执有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)罪，反(fan)，释奠(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讯馘告(gao)”。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)即(ji)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《诗(shi)(shi)·颂·泮(pan)(pan)(pan)水(shui)(shui)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“既(ji)作(zuo)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，淮夷(yi)攸服。矫矫虎(hu)臣，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)献(xian)馘。淑问如(ru)皋陶，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)献(xian)囚。”此(ci)(ci)复与(yu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)义(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)雅·灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)》一(yi)(yi)篇(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)囿(you)(you)(you)(you)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)沼(zhao)(zhao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)及三(san)(san)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)皆(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。囿(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、沼(zhao)(zhao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)下(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)囿(you)(you)(you)(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)沼(zhao)(zhao)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)知小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)郊(jiao)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)相变(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)，众家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo)(shuo)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)昭皙(xi)，虽(sui)然於(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)差近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)远矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》与(yu)《诗(shi)(shi)》，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)察察，亦(yi)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。如(ru)郑(zheng)(zheng)此(ci)(ci)说(shuo)(shuo)，灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)与(yu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)，乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)殷制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)虽(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仍(reng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)。何(he)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)？囿(you)(you)(you)(you)、沼(zhao)(zhao)鱼(yu)鸟所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)萃(cui)，终不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)移而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)移者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)耳(er)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)说(shuo)(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)必常以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)亦(yi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。周(zhou)立(li)(li)三(san)(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。若然，鲁是(shi)(shi)(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)郊(jiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)当有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，泮(pan)(pan)(pan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)亦(yi)应在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《礼(li)(li)(li)器》注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“頖宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，郊(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，《诗(shi)(shi)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。字或为(wei)(wei)(wei)郊(jiao)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)诗(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“鲁侯(hou)(hou)戾止”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)往(wang)適(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)。盖(gai)鲁以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周(zhou)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，尊(zun)(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)殷礼(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郊(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)郊(jiao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)与(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)皆(jie)(jie)异(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。案《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)(li)·盛(sheng)德篇(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)尊(zun)(zun)卑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。外(wai)(wai)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。”《政(zheng)(zheng)穆篇(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)序(xu)(xu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”如(ru)此(ci)(ci)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)诸(zhu)儒多用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。卢植《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)注》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，上可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)望(wang)气(qi)(qi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)序(xu)(xu)昭穆，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。圆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)，似(si)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。古法(fa)皆(jie)(jie)同(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，近(jin)世(shi)(shi)殊异(yi)，分为(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)耳(er)。”蔡(cai)邕(yong)《月(yue)(yue)令论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清貌(mao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌(mao)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)周(zhou)水(shui)(shui)圆如(ru)璧则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。异(yi)名(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同(tong)(tong)(tong)事，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)实一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”颖子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)容《春秋释例》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)八(ba)名(ming)(ming)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)体(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。肃(su)然清静(jing)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，行(xing)禘祫(xia)、序(xu)(xu)昭穆谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，告(gao)朔行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，行(xing)飨射(she)、养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)老(lao)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，占(zhan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)物(wu)、望(wang)气(qi)(qi)祥(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，总谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。”贾(jia)逵、服虔注《左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。”此(ci)(ci)等诸(zhu)儒，皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)。郑(zheng)(zheng)必知皆(jie)(jie)异(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，袁准《正论》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)物(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，事义(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，合以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)(ti)，取(qu)(qu)《诗(shi)(shi)》、《书(shu)》放逸(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、经(jing)(jing)典相似(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)复考之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)情(qing)，验之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道理，失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)远矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。夫(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)致敬，幽隐清静(jing)，鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)居(ju)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)使众学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)焉，飨射(she)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)慢黩，死(si)(si)生交(jiao)错，囚俘截耳(er)，疮痍流血，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)干(gan)犯鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神，非(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)理矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。且夫(fu)(fu)茅(mao)茨采椽，至质(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)，建日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)，乘玉辂，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)箸玉杯而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)食於(wu)(wu)(wu)土簋，非(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)类也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)《礼(li)(li)(li)记(ji)》先(xian)儒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四面，东(dong)(dong)西(xi)八(ba)丈，南北六丈。礼(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)昭右穆，又(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)祖(zu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)数中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，昭穆安在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)？若又(you)(you)区别(bie)(bie)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)，祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)於(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，法(fa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神常处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祖(zu)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。配其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父於(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)位(wei)(wei)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。事天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)就人(ren)(ren)(ren)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)非(fei)(fei)(fei)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。自(zi)古帝(di)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，必立(li)(li)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)教天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)氏(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、下(xia)(xia)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，夏后(hou)氏(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)序(xu)(xu)、西(xi)序(xu)(xu)，殷谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)右学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，周(zhou)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)胶、虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，皆(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)老(lao)乞言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位(wei)(wei)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘瞽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，殷学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’周(zhou)置师保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)(guan)，居(ju)虎(hu)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侧。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)非(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》‘春夏学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)干(gan)戈，秋冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)羽籥，皆(jie)(jie)於(wu)(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)序(xu)(xu)’。又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘秋学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)礼(li)(li)(li)，冬学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)书(shu)。礼(li)(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瞽宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)，书(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。’此(ci)(ci)周(zhou)立(li)(li)三(san)(san)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。可(ke)(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)立(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)立(li)(li)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)齿於(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)百姓所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)东(dong)(dong)胶。’不(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)右学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)庶老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun)(zun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)应与(yu)小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，圆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)。圆象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)，取(qu)(qu)生长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。水(shui)(shui)润下(xia)(xia)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)惠泽也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。水(shui)(shui)必有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鱼(yu)鳖，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)朝诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)讲(jiang)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，享鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神岁觐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)孤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，众学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)，望(wang)气(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。清庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，训俭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室(shi)(shi)。各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)居(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，《月(yue)(yue)令》则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)居(ju)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)士处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)内(nei)(nei)，君臣同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，死(si)(si)生参并，非(fei)(fei)(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)张(zhang)三(san)(san)侯(hou)(hou)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)侯(hou)(hou)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)步(bu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)七十(shi)(shi)步(bu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)步(bu)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。今(jin)未(wei)知辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)广狭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数，但二(er)(er)(er)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)径(jing)三(san)(san)百步(bu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)公(gong)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宾，百官(guan)(guan)侍从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众，殆非(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能容也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)立(li)(li)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)门(men)，又(you)(you)非(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能受也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祭(ji)(ji)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於(wu)(wu)(wu)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)献(xian)捷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)神恶(e)(e)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。或谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。总谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)同(tong)(tong)(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。生人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别(bie)(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)儒曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘《春秋》人(ren)(ren)(ren)君将(jiang)行(xing)，告(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，反(fan)献(xian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。’《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》释奠(dian)於(wu)(wu)(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讯馘告(gao)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)亦(yi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上句曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)公(gong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)’，明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)非(fei)(fei)(fei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)养(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)庶老(lao)於(wu)(wu)(wu)虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，虞(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庠(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)郊(jiao)。今(jin)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》亦(yi)小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)近(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)远，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乖错，非(fei)(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。颖氏(shi)(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘公(gong)既(ji)视(shi)(shi)朔，遂(sui)登观(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。’以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)遂(sui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。夫(fu)(fu)遂(sui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，遂(sui)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)必同(tong)(tong)(tong)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。马融云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)南郊(jiao)，就阳位(wei)(wei)’，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)外(wai)(wai)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)阴(yin)阳者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道，顺(shun)时(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。融云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘告(gao)朔行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)’。夫(fu)(fu)告(gao)朔行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)，上下(xia)(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，未(wei)闻诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。顺(shun)时(shi)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)国(guo)(guo)(guo)皆(jie)(jie)然，未(wei)闻诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)居(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。齐(qi)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)问孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)：‘人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我毁(hui)(hui)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，毁(hui)(hui)诸(zhu)？已乎？’孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘夫(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)欲行(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)政(zheng)(zheng)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)勿毁(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。’夫(fu)(fu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毁(hui)(hui)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)独王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)即(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘夫(fu)(fu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)’。且说(shuo)(shuo)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)教毁(hui)(hui)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)君而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)疑於(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)毁(hui)(hui)与(yu)否，虽(sui)复浅(qian)丈夫(fu)(fu)，未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)皆(jie)(jie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)思弟(di)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，去圣不(bu)(bu)(bu)远，此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《尸(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘昔武王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)崩，成王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)少，周(zhou)公(gong)践东(dong)(dong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)，祀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，假为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。’明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祀明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，假为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。此(ci)(ci)又(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)证也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”窃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)准之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)(ci)论，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)郑(zheng)(zheng)意。《大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)戴礼(li)(li)(li)》，遗逸(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)多假托，不(bu)(bu)(bu)立(li)(li)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)官(guan)(guan)，世(shi)(shi)无传(chuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《盛(sheng)德篇(pian)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)“外(wai)(wai)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”，《政(zheng)(zheng)穆篇(pian)》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)(dong)序(xu)(xu)”，皆(jie)(jie)后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)增(zeng)，失於(wu)(wu)(wu)事实，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先(xian)儒虽(sui)立(li)(li)异(yi)端，亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)据为(wei)(wei)(wei)说(shuo)(shuo)。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)非(fei)(fei)(fei)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《月(yue)(yue)令》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)居(ju)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，正谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)室(shi)(shi)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)位(wei)(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。”自(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)，非(fei)(fei)(fei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)名(ming)(ming)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)与(yu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)又(you)(you)宜(yi)别(bie)(bie)处(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)灵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)台(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)、辟(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)雍(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)皆(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)郊(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

经始灵台，经之营之。庶民攻之，不日成之。神之精明者称灵。四方而高曰台。经，度之也。攻，作也。不日有成也。笺云：文王应天命，度始灵台之基趾，营表其位。众民则筑作，不设期日而成之。言说文王之德，劝其事，忘己劳也。观台而曰灵者，文王化行，似神之精明，故以名焉。
　　○度，待(dai)洛反。下同。应，应对之应。说(shuo)音悦。

[疏]“经始”至“成之”。
　　○正义曰：言文王有德，民心附之。既徙於丰，乃经理而量度，初始为灵台之基趾也。既度其处，乃经理之，营表之。其位既定，於是天下众庶之民则竞攻而筑作之，不设期日而已成之。民悦其德，自劝其事，是民心附之也。
　　○传“神之”至“成”。
　　○正义曰：灵是神之别名，对则有精粗之异，故辨之云“神之精明者”。称灵，则灵之为称，就神中精者而名也。“四方而高曰台”，《释宫》文。经度之，谓经理而量度之。攻作，谓庶民筑作之。不日有成，谓不设期日，已成功，言民心乐为之也。
　　○笺“文王”至“以名焉”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：非天(tian)子不得(de)作灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)，故(gu)(gu)本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)“文王(wang)应天(tian)命，始(shi)度灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基趾(zhi)”也(ye)(ye)。营表(biao)其(qi)位(wei)，谓以(yi)(yi)绳(sheng)度立表(biao)，以(yi)(yi)定其(qi)位(wei)处也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)唯解(jie)灵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)，不解(jie)名(ming)(ming)台(tai)为灵(ling)(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，故(gu)(gu)申之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)实(shi)观(guan)(guan)气祥(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)，而(er)(er)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)灵(ling)(ling)者，以(yi)(yi)文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化行(xing)，似神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精明，故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)焉。以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)，故(gu)(gu)因言(yan)(yan)(yan)文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化行(xing)耳。其(qi)实(shi)天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)台(tai)皆(jie)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)。服虔《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》注云(yun)：“天(tian)子曰(yue)灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)，诸(zhu)侯曰(yue)观(guan)(guan)台(tai)。”是也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然《书(shu)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》说(shuo)“武王(wang)渡(du)河，言(yan)(yan)(yan)观(guan)(guan)台(tai)亚”者，彼谓在(zai)台(tai)仰观(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人，不得(de)谓其(qi)人为台(tai)，故(gu)(gu)指(zhi)实(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)观(guan)(guan)也(ye)(ye)。僖(xi)十五年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)：“秦伯获(huo)晋侯以(yi)(yi)归，乃舍诸(zhu)灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)。”秦是诸(zhu)侯，而(er)(er)得(de)有(you)灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)者，杜预云(yun)：“在(zai)京兆(zhao)鄠县，周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)台(tai)也(ye)(ye)。”哀二十五年《左(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)》曰(yue)：“卫侯为灵(ling)(ling)台(tai)於(wu)藉圃。”言(yan)(yan)(yan)为，则是新造。其(qi)时僣名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。

经始勿亟，庶民子来。笺云：亟，急也。度始灵台之基趾，非有急成之意。众民各以子成父事而来攻之。
　　○亟(ji)，居力反。

王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏。囿，所以域养禽兽也。天子百里，诸侯四十里。灵囿，言灵道行於囿也。麀，牝也。笺云：攸，所也。文王亲至灵囿，视牝鹿所游伏之处，言爱物也。
　　○囿音又，徐于目反(fan)。麀音忧。麀牝，牝，频(pin)刃(ren)反(fan)。处，昌虑(lv)反(fan)。

[疏]传“囿所以”至“於囿”。
　　○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：《春秋(qiu)》成十(shi)八年(nian)筑(zhu)鹿(lu)囿(you)(you)(you)。昭九(jiu)年(nian)筑(zhu)郎囿(you)(you)(you)。则(ze)囿(you)(you)(you)者，筑(zhu)墙为(wei)(wei)(wei)界域(yu)而禽兽在(zai)其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“囿(you)(you)(you)，所以(yi)域(yu)养禽兽也(ye)”。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)百(bai)里，诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)四十(shi)里，解正礼耳。其(qi)(qi)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you)，则(ze)七十(shi)里，故(gu)(gu)《孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)》云(yun)：“齐宣王(wang)(wang)问於(wu)孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘文(wen)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you)方七十(shi)里，有诸(zhu)？’孟(meng)子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘《书传(chuan)》有之(zhi)。’曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘若是其(qi)(qi)大乎？’‘民犹以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小也(ye)。’曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘寡人之(zhi)囿(you)(you)(you)方四十(shi)里，民犹以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大，何也(ye)？’”是宣王(wang)(wang)自以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)而问，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)四十(shi)里”。以(yi)宣王(wang)(wang)不举天(tian)子(zi)(zi)而问及文(wen)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)七十(shi)里，则(ze)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)非(fei)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)制，明(ming)天(tian)子(zi)(zi)不止(zhi)七十(shi)里，故(gu)(gu)宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)百(bai)里也(ye)。又解囿(you)(you)(you)称灵(ling)意，言“灵(ling)道行(xing)於(wu)囿(you)(you)(you)也(ye)”。郑《驳异义》云(yun)：“同言灵(ling)者，於(wu)台(tai)下为(wei)(wei)(wei)囿(you)(you)(you)、沼，则(ze)似因台(tai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名，其(qi)(qi)实亦因相近，灵(ling)道遍(bian)行(xing)，故(gu)(gu)皆称灵(ling)也(ye)。”《释兽》云(yun)：“鹿(lu)牡麚、牝麀。”是为(wei)(wei)(wei)鹿(lu)牝也(ye)。

麀鹿濯濯，白鸟翯々。濯濯，娱游也。翯々，肥泽也。笺云：鸟兽肥盛喜乐，言得其所。
　　○濯，直角(jiao)反(fan)。翯，户角(jiao)反(fan)，《字林(lin)》云：“鸟白(bai)肥泽曰翯。”下(xia)沃(wo)反(fan)。乐音洛。下(xia)文“於乐”、注“喜乐”皆同。

[疏]传“濯濯”至“肥泽”。
　　○正义曰：娱乐游戏，亦(yi)由肥泽故(gu)也，二者(zhe)互(hu)相足。

王在灵沼，於牣鱼跃。沼，池也。灵沼，言灵道行於沼也。牣，满也。笺云：灵沼之水，鱼盈满其中，皆跳跃，亦言得其所。
　　○沼(zhao)，之邵反(fan)。牣音刃。跃，羊略反(fan)。跳，徒(tu)彫反(fan)。

虡业维枞，贲鼓维镛。於论鼓锺，於乐辟雍。植者曰虡，横者曰栒。业，大版也。枞，崇牙也。贲，大鼓也。镛，大锺也。论，思也。水旋丘如璧曰辟雍，以节观者。笺云：论之言伦也。虡也、栒也，所以悬锺鼓也。设大版於上，刻画以为饰。文王立灵台，而知民之归附。作灵囿、灵沼，而知鸟兽之得其所。以为音声之道与政通，故合乐以详之，於得其伦理乎？鼓与锺也。於喜乐乎？诸在辟雍中者，言感於中和之至。
　　○虡音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)巨。枞，徐七凶反(fan)，又音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)冲，冲牙也。沈(shen)又音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)子容(rong)反(fan)。贲，符云反(fan)，字亦作(zuo)“鼖。镛音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)容(rong)。於(wu)(wu)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)乌(wu)，郑(zheng)(zheng)如(ru)字。下(xia)“於(wu)(wu)乐”、“於(wu)(wu)论”皆同。论，卢门反(fan)，一(yi)云：“郑(zheng)(zheng)音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)伦。”下(xia)同。辟音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)壁。注同。植，恃职反(fan)，栒(xun)，旬尹反(fan)。县音(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)玄。

[疏]“虡业”至“辟雍”。
　　○毛以为，文王既立灵台，而知民心归附。作沼囿，而知鸟兽得所。以为音声之道与政通，故作乐以详之，观己之德行审否，故使人设植者之虡，横者之栒，上加大版而捷业然。又有崇牙，其饰维枞然。於此虡业之上，悬贲之大鼓，及维镛之大锺，然后使人击之，观其和否。於是思念鼓锺，使之和谐。於是作乐在此辟雍宫中。是王之灵道行於人物之验。
　　○郑唯下二句别，义俱在笺。
　　○传“植者”至“节观者”。
　　○正义曰：《释器》云：“木谓之虡。”孙炎曰：“虡栒之植，所以悬锺磬也。”郭璞曰：“悬锺磬之木，植者名为虡。”然则悬锺磬者，两端有植木，其上有横木，谓直立者为虡，谓横牵者为栒。栒上加之大版，为之饰。《释器》云：“大版谓之业。”孙炎曰：“业所以饰栒，刻板捷业，如锯齿也。其悬锺磬之处，又以彩色为大牙，其状隆然，谓之崇牙。”言崇牙之状枞枞然。《有瞽》曰：“设业设虡，崇牙树羽。”此枞亦文承“虡业”之下，故知枞即崇牙之貌枞枞然也。贲，大也，故谓大鼓为贲鼓。《冬官·韗人》云：“鼓长八尺，鼓四尺，中围加三之一，谓鼖鼓。”注亦云：“大鼓谓之鼖。”是也。《释乐》云：“大锺谓之镛。”李巡曰：“大锺音声大。镛，大也。”郭璞曰：“亦名鑮也。”水旋丘如璧者，璧体圆而内有孔，此水亦圆而内有地，犹如璧然。土之高者曰丘，此水内之地未必高於水外，正谓水下而地高，故以丘言之。以水绕丘所以节约观者，令在外而观也。定本及《集注》“镛大锺”之下云：“论，思也。”则其义不得同郑也。
　　○笺“论之”至“之至”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：以(yi)(yi)伦(lun)(lun)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字宜为(wei)(wei)伦(lun)(lun)，故曰(yue)“论之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言伦(lun)(lun)传(chuan)”。唯言栒虡植横，不言所(suo)(suo)用，故申明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，言所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)悬(xuan)锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)经(jing)有锺(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)，故特言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其磬鑮亦有栒虡也(ye)。又解上言台(tai)、沼，此言作乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。文王知(zhi)民心(xin)归附，鸟兽得所(suo)(suo)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)音声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)与(yu)(yu)政(zheng)通，故大合诸乐(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)详之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。言欲详审(shen)己德(de)，观其实允人物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)以(yi)(yi)否也(ye)。此在辟(pi)雍合乐(le)(le)(le)，必行(xing)养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼，但主(zhu)言乐(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得理，不美养(yang)(yang)老(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故言不及焉。治(zhi)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音安以(yi)(yi)乐(le)(le)(le)，故在辟(pi)雍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内与(yu)(yu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)，莫不喜乐(le)(le)(le)，是其和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至也(ye)。

於论鼓锺，於乐辟雍。鼍鼓逢逢，矇瞍奏公。鼍，鱼属。逢逢，和也。有眸子而无见曰矇。无眸子曰瞍。公，事也。笺云：凡声，使瞽矇为之。
　　○鼍，徒何反(fan)，沈又音(yin)檀。《草木疏(shu)》云(yun)：形似蜥蜴，四足长丈馀，甲如铠(kai)，皮坚厚，宜冒鼓(gu)。逢，薄红反(fan)，《埤苍》云(yun)：“鼓(gu)声(sheng)也(ye)。”字(zi)(zi)作(zuo)“韸(peng)”，徐音(yin)丰。矇音(yin)蒙。瞍(sou)，依字(zi)(zi)作(zuo)“叟”，苏(su)口反(fan)，亦(yi)作(zuo)“瞍(sou)”，《说(shuo)文》云(yun)：“无目也(ye)。”《字(zi)(zi)林》先么(me)反(fan)，云(yun)：“目有眸无珠子也(ye)。”眸，莫侯反(fan)。

[疏]传“鼍鱼”至“公事”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：《月令(ling)》：“季夏，命(ming)渔(yu)(yu)师伐蛟取(qu)鼍(tuo)。”渔(yu)(yu)师，取(qu)鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)官，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)鼍(tuo)是鱼(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)类属也。《书传》注(zhu)云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)如(ru)蜥蜴，长六七尺(chi)。”陆机《疏》云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)形似水蜥蜴，四足长丈馀(yu)，生(sheng)卵大(da)如(ru)鹅卵，甲如(ru)铠甲，今(jin)合乐鼍(tuo)鱼(yu)甲是也。其(qi)皮坚，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)冒鼓(gu)。”《月令(ling)》注(zhu)亦(yi)云(yun)：“鼍(tuo)皮可(ke)以(yi)(yi)冒鼓(gu)也。”美鼓(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)得理(li)，而(er)(er)云(yun)逢(feng)逢(feng)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和也。矇(meng)(meng)(meng)、瞍(sou)(sou)皆无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)，就无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)中以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)级(ji)(ji)。矇(meng)(meng)(meng)者，言其(qi)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)然无(wu)(wu)所见(jian)，故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)子(zi)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)见(jian)曰(yue)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)，即(ji)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)青盲(mang)者也。矇(meng)(meng)(meng)有(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)子(zi)，则(ze)瞍(sou)(sou)当(dang)无(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“无(wu)(wu)眸(mou)子(zi)曰(yue)瞍(sou)(sou)”。其(qi)瞽(gu)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)眸(mou)子(zi)，矇(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)小别也，故(gu)(gu)《春(chun)官·瞽(gu)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)》注(zhu)郑司农云(yun)：“无(wu)(wu)目(mu)(mu)眹谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)瞽(gu)。有(you)(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)眹而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)见(jian)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)。有(you)(you)(you)目(mu)(mu)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)眸(mou)子(zi)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)瞍(sou)(sou)。”亦(yi)与此(ci)传同也。此(ci)则(ze)对而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名(ming)，其(qi)总则(ze)皆谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)瞽(gu)。《尚书》谓(wei)(wei)舜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瞽(gu)子(zi)，《外传》云(yun)“吾非瞽(gu)史”。《周颂》有(you)(you)(you)《有(you)(you)(you)瞽(gu)》之(zhi)(zhi)篇，《周礼》有(you)(you)(you)瞽(gu)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)职，是瞽(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)总也。《周礼》瞽(gu)矇(meng)(meng)(meng)二字(zi)已(yi)是为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官名(ming)，故(gu)(gu)文(wen)不及瞍(sou)(sou)。此(ci)言瞍(sou)(sou)，不言瞽(gu)，各从文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)所便(bian)。《外传》称“矇(meng)(meng)(meng)诵瞍(sou)(sou)赋”，亦(yi)此(ci)类也。《周礼》上瞽(gu)、中瞽(gu)、下瞽(gu)，以(yi)(yi)智之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)下为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等(deng)级(ji)(ji)，不以(yi)(yi)目(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次第矣。“公，事(shi)”，《释诂》文(wen)。

《灵台》五(wu)章(zhang)，章(zhang)四句(ju)。

《下武》，继文也。武王有圣德，复受天命，能昭先人之功焉。继文者，继文王之王业而成之。昭，明也。
　　○复，扶(fu)又反。王业，于况反。

[疏]“《下武》六章，章四句”至“功焉”。
　　○正义曰(yue)：经六章，皆(jie)(jie)言武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)益(yi)有明智(zhi)，配(pei)先人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)道，成其孝思(si)，继(ji)(ji)嗣(si)祖(zu)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)迹，皆(jie)(jie)是继(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)能昭先人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)焉(yan)。经云(yun)“三后在(zai)天(tian)(tian)，王(wang)(wang)配(pei)於京”，则武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)所继(ji)(ji)，自大王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季皆(jie)(jie)是矣。而序独云(yun)“继(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)”者(zhe)，作(zuo)者(zhe)以(yi)周道积基，故(gu)本之(zhi)(zhi)於三后，言“世有哲王(wang)(wang)”，见积德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)深远，其实美(mei)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)能继(ji)(ji)，唯(wei)在(zai)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)也。大王(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)季虽脩德(de)创业，为后世所因，而未有天(tian)(tian)命，非(fei)开基之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，不足使武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)圣(sheng)人(ren)继(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。又此篇在(zai)《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)》诗后，故(gu)诗言“继(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)”，著其功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)大，且见篇之(zhi)(zhi)次也。文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)已受天(tian)(tian)命，故(gu)言“复受”，为亚(ya)前之(zhi)(zhi)辞。武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)受天(tian)(tian)命，白鱼(yu)入舟是也。

下武维周，世有哲王。武，继也。笺云：下，犹后也。哲，知也。后人能继先祖者，维有周家最大，世世益有明知之王，谓大王、王季、文王稍就盛也。
　　○哲，张(zhang)列反，本(ben)又(you)作“悊”，又(you)作“喆”，皆同。知音智。下同。

[疏]传“武，继”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》文。
　　○笺“下犹”至“就盛”。
　　○正义曰：居下世(shi)，即是在后(hou)，故云“下，犹后(hou)也(ye)”。“哲(zhe)，智”，《释(shi)言》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。言后(hou)人(ren)能继祖者(zhe)，维(wei)周(zhou)家最大，谓(wei)大王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季、文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)稍稍就盛者(zhe)也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)季为西伯，文(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)又受命，是稍盛也(ye)。不(bu)通数(shu)武王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)，此言哲(zhe)王(wang)(wang)(wang)，即是下文(wen)(wen)(wen)“三后(hou)”、“王(wang)(wang)(wang)配”之(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)，别在於下，故知世(shi)有之(zhi)中，不(bu)兼武王(wang)(wang)(wang)也(ye)。

三后在天，王配于京。三后，大王、王季、文王也。王，武王也。笺云：此三后既没登遐，精气在天矣。武王又能配行其道於京，谓镐京也。
　　○假音遐，已也。本或作“遐”。

[疏]笺“此三后”至“镐京”。
　　○正义曰：《曲礼下》云：“天(tian)子崩，告丧(sang)曰：‘天(tian)王登遐(xia)。’”注(zhu)云：“登，上(shang)也(ye)。遐(xia)，已也(ye)。”上(shang)已者，若(ruo)仙(xian)去云耳(er)。以三后皆号为(wei)王，故(gu)(gu)以天(tian)子之(zhi)礼言之(zhi)。武王居镐(hao)，故(gu)(gu)知配(pei)行其道於(wu)京，谓(wei)镐(hao)京也(ye)。

王配(pei)于京，世(shi)德(de)作求。笺云：作，为。求，终也。武(wu)王配(pei)行三(san)后之道於(wu)镐(hao)京者，以其世(shi)世(shi)积(ji)德(de)，庶为终成其大功。

[疏]笺“作为”至“大功”。
　　○正义曰：“作，为(wei)”，《释(shi)言(yan)》文。“求(qiu)，终(zhong)”，《释(shi)诂》文。世积厚德，是当王(wang)(wang)天(tian)下(xia)。文王(wang)(wang)未及诛纣，即是王(wang)(wang)事(shi)未终(zhong)。武王(wang)(wang)乃终(zhong)之，故云终(zhong)成(cheng)其大功。

永言配命，成王之孚。笺云：永，长。言，我也。命，犹教令也。孚，信也。此为武王言也。今长我之配行三后之教令者，欲成我周家王道之信也。王德之道成於信，《论语》曰：“民无信不立。”
　　○成(cheng)王，如(ru)字，又于况反。此为如(ru)字。

[疏]笺“命犹”至“不立”。
　　○正(zheng)义(yi)曰：此(ci)(ci)承“王(wang)(wang)配于京”，是(shi)配三(san)后，不配天(tian)，故以(yi)命为教令(ling)。此(ci)(ci)篇是(shi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之诗，於此(ci)(ci)独(du)云“此(ci)(ci)为武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)言(yan)”者(zhe)，馀(yu)文是(shi)作者(zhe)以(yi)已之心论武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)之事，此(ci)(ci)则称武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)口自(zi)所(suo)言(yan)，故辨之也。又(you)解欲成王(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)，所(suo)为多(duo)矣(yi)，独(du)以(yi)信(xin)为言(yan)者(zhe)，由王(wang)(wang)德(de)之道(dao)(dao)成於信(xin)，欲使民(min)信(xin)王(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)，然后天(tian)下顺从，必伐(fa)纣(zhou)，功成然始得耳(er)。以(yi)民(min)无信(xin)不立，故引(yin)《论语》以(yi)证之。

成王之孚，下土之式(shi)。式(shi)，法也(ye)。笺云：王道尚信，则天下以为法，勤行之。永(yong)言孝(xiao)思(si)(si)，孝(xiao)思(si)(si)维(wei)则。则其(qi)先人(ren)也(ye)。笺云：长我孝(xiao)心之所思(si)(si)。所思(si)(si)者，其(qi)维(wei)则三后之所行。子孙以顺祖考为孝(xiao)。

媚兹一人(ren)，应(ying)侯顺(shun)德。一人(ren)，天(tian)子也(ye)。应(ying)，当(dang)。侯，维也(ye)。笺云：媚，爱。兹，此(ci)也(ye)。可爱乎武王(wang)，能(neng)当(dang)此(ci)顺(shun)德。谓能(neng)成其祖考之功也(ye)。《易》曰：“君子以顺(shun)德，积(ji)小以高大。”

永言孝思(si)，昭(zhao)哉(zai)嗣(si)服。笺云(yun)：服，事(shi)也。明哉(zai)，武(wu)王之嗣(si)行祖考之事(shi)。谓伐纣定天下。

[疏]“媚兹”至“嗣服”。
　　○正义曰：既言武王能法则三后之道，故於此叹而美之。可爱乎，此一人之武王。所以可爱者，以其能当此维顺之德。祖考欲定天下，武王能顺而定之，是能当顺德。又述武王所言而叹美之。武王自言，长我孝心之所思者，此事显明哉。武王实能嗣行祖考之事，伐纣定天下，是能嗣祖考也。
　　○传“一人”至“侯维”。
　　○正义曰：《曲礼下》云：“天子自称曰予一人。”言其天下之贵，唯一人而已，谓天子为一人。“应，当”，《释诂》文。又云：“维，侯也。”是侯得为维也。
　　○笺“可爱”至“高大”。
　　○正义曰：序言“继文”，此云“顺德”，故知是顺其先人之心，成其祖考之德。所引《易》者，《升卦·象辞》。升卦巽下坤上，故言木生地中。木渐而顺长以成树，犹人顺德以成功。彼谓一人之身，渐积以成，此则顺父祖而成事，亦相类，故引以为证。定本作“慎德”。准约此诗上下及《易》，宜为顺字。又《集注》亦作“顺”，疑定本误。
　　○笺“服事”至“天下”。
　　○正(zheng)曰(yue)：“服(fu)，事”，《释(shi)诂(gu)》文。《礼记·大传》曰(yue)：“牧之(zhi)(zhi)野，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)大事。”故知嗣行祖(zu)考之(zhi)(zhi)事，唯谓伐(fa)纣定天下也。上(shang)言“永言配命”、“永言孝思”，其(qi)下句云“成王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)孚”、“孝思维则”，亦是武(wu)王(wang)(wang)自言。此(ci)(ci)云“昭哉嗣服(fu)”，是作者美(mei)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)辞，所以亦与“孝思”相连者，上(shang)云“永言孝思”，是武(wu)王(wang)(wang)自言，此(ci)(ci)又述武(wu)王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)言，叹而美(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)，并此(ci)(ci)“孝思”之(zhi)(zhi)句，亦非(fei)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)自言，得与嗣服(fu)相连也。

昭兹来许，绳其祖武。许，进。绳，戒。武，迹也。笺云：兹，此。来，勤也。武王能明此勤行，进於善道，戒慎其祖考所履践之迹，美其终成之。
　　○来，王如字，郑音(yin)赉(lai)。下篇“来孝”同。

於万斯年，受天之祜。笺云：祜，福也。天下乐仰武王之德，欲其寿考之言也。
　　○祜音户(hu)。下(xia)同。

[疏]“昭兹”至“之祜”。
　　○正义曰：既言武王能嗣行祖事，又美其为民所乐仰。言武王能明此勤行，进於善道，戒慎其祖考所行之迹而践行之，犹行善不倦，故为天下乐仰，皆欲令武王得於万年之寿，且又多受天之福禄。言武王行善之故，为民爱之如此。
　　○传“许进”至“武迹”。
　　○正义曰：以礼法既许，而后得进，故以许为进。“绳，戒。武，迹”，皆《释训》文。
　　○笺“兹此”至“成之”。
　　○正义曰：“兹，此。来，勤”，皆《释诂》文。戒慎祖考践履之迹，谓谨慎奉行，故美其终成之。
　　○笺“祜福”至“之言”。
　　○正义曰：“祜，福(fu)”，《释诂》文(wen)。以万年受福(fu)，是祝庆之辞，故知(zhi)武(wu)王为(wei)天下所乐仰，此是欲其(qi)得福(fu)之言(yan)也。

受天之(zhi)祜，四方来(lai)贺。於(wu)万斯年(nian)，不(bu)遐有(you)佐！远夷来(lai)佐也。笺云：武王受此万年(nian)之(zhi)寿，不(bu)远有(you)佐。言其辅佐之(zhi)臣，亦宜蒙其馀福(fu)也。《书》曰“公(gong)其以子万亿(yi)年(nian)”，亦君(jun)臣同福(fu)禄也。

[疏]“受天”至“有佐”。
　　○毛以为，民欲王受福，即实言其受福之事。武王既受得天之祜福，故四方诸侯之国皆贡献庆之。又得於此万年之寿，岂不远有佐助之乎！言有远方夷狄来佐助之也。此乘上章之文，故先言所受天之祜，因则为远近之次，故先言四方，后言远夷。四方，谓中国诸侯也。
　　○郑唯以下句为异。言武王得於此万年之寿，不远其有辅佐之臣。言王亲近其臣，与之同福。
　　○传“远夷来佐”。
　　○正义曰：言不远有佐，是远有佐。远人佐天子，唯夷狄耳，故知远夷来佐之。《书叙》言：“武王既胜殷，西旅献獒，巢伯来朝。”《鲁语》曰：“武王克商，遂通道於九夷八蛮，萧慎来贺。”是远夷来佐之事。“不遐有佐”为远夷，则“四方来贺”为诸夏。《民劳》传曰：“四方，诸夏。”是也。
　　○笺“武王”至“福禄”。
　　○正义曰：笺以“不(bu)(bu)遐有(you)佐”顺文(wen)自通，不(bu)(bu)当反其(qi)(qi)言(yan)，故(gu)易之。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)既(ji)有(you)万年(nian)之寿，不(bu)(bu)远有(you)辅佐之臣(chen)(chen)，共蒙(meng)其(qi)(qi)福(fu)(fu)。其(qi)(qi)封为诸侯(hou)，则与(yu)周升(sheng)降；其(qi)(qi)仕於王(wang)(wang)朝，则继世在位，是(shi)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)与(yu)远之。引(yin)《书》曰“公(gong)其(qi)(qi)以予万亿(yi)年(nian)”者，《洛诰》文(wen)。成王(wang)(wang)告周公(gong)，言(yan)公(gong)与(yu)我身(shen)，皆(jie)得万亿(yi)之年(nian)。既(ji)引(yin)其(qi)(qi)文(wen)，乃申其(qi)(qi)意，言(yan)彼亦(yi)君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)同福(fu)(fu)禄(lu)，故(gu)知此亦(yi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)君(jun)臣(chen)(chen)同受福(fu)(fu)矣(yi)。

《下武》六章(zhang)，章(zhang)四句。

《文(wen)王有声(sheng)》，继伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)也。武王能广文(wen)王之(zhi)声(sheng)，卒其(qi)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)功也。继伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)者，文(wen)王伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)崇，而(er)武王伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)纣。

[疏]“《文王有声》八章，章五句”至“伐功”。
　　○正义(yi)(yi)曰：经八(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，上四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，下(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)继(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是继(ji)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。首章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)声，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)道广於文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，是能广文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声。二章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)崇，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)则(ze)(ze)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)纣(zhou)以(yi)(yi)定天下(xia)(xia)，是卒(zu)其伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)功。经虽(sui)无武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)广声、卒(zu)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，於理则(ze)(ze)有(you)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)序言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)转互相明也。上四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)有(you)令闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声、成(cheng)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)，作(zuo)丰邑(yi)以(yi)(yi)追孝心，同四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)而(er)(er)(er)正法度，所(suo)为不(bu)(bu)止於伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)崇也。下(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)君天下(xia)(xia)，服四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)，定镐京而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)卜兆，传善谋以(yi)(yi)安后(hou)世，所(suo)为不(bu)(bu)止於伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)纣(zhou)。唯以(yi)(yi)继(ji)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其所(suo)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，皆伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，故(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)继(ji)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此篇(pian)八(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，其末俱言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)“烝(zheng)哉”。而(er)(er)(er)四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谥，四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)、皇(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)，作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)变(bian)其文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)，见(jian)其事(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)异。上四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)虽(sui)同是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)(er)首章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、二章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)令闻成(cheng)民，受(shou)命伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)罪(zui)，是文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)举(ju)(ju)其义(yi)(yi)谥而(er)(er)(er)称文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。三章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筑城大(da)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，述(shu)其所(suo)徙(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)：四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)丰以(yi)(yi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)，施化而(er)(er)(er)为法度，比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前事(shi)(shi)(shi)为不(bu)(bu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)其谥，而(er)(er)(er)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)后(hou)。下(xia)(xia)四(si)(si)(si)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)虽(sui)同是武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，五章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)、六章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)纣(zhou)，作(zuo)邑(yi)定居(ju)(ju)，四(si)(si)(si)方(fang)归(gui)服，於武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)为不(bu)(bu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)举(ju)(ju)义(yi)(yi)谥，比文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)益(yi)大(da)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皇(huang)(huang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。七(qi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)考卜而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)居(ju)(ju)镐京，伐(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)纣(zhou)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)其占(zhan)：八(ba)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)重功业以(yi)(yi)为大(da)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，传顺谋以(yi)(yi)安孙子，除虐去残，诒训后(hou)世，是武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)举(ju)(ju)其义(yi)(yi)谥而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)居(ju)(ju)前，不(bu)(bu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)次(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在先者(zhe)(zhe)，见(jian)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)，盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)。作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)比其事(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小，而(er)(er)(er)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)章(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)次(ci)(ci)也。

文王有声，遹骏有声。遹求遹宁，遹观厥成。笺云：遹，述。骏，大。求，终。观，多也。文王有令闻之声者，乃述行有令闻之声之道所致也。所述者，谓大王、王季也。又述行终其安民之道，又述行多其成民之德，言周德之世益盛。
　　○遹，尹橘反，又音(yin)述(shu)。骏(jun)音(yin)峻。观，古乱反。注同。闻音(yin)问，本亦作“问”。

文王烝哉！烝，君也。笺云：君哉者，言其诚得人君之道。
　　○烝(zheng)，之丞反，《韩诗》云：“美也。”

[疏]“文王”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：此文王乃有令闻之善声。所以有之者，以文王从后仰而述行广大其大王、王季所有令闻之善声。所广大者，谓文王又述行终其大王、王季安民之道，又述行多其大王、王季成民之德，以此益盛而大有声也。此文王之德，信得人君之道哉。
　　○笺“遹述”至“益盛”。
　　○正义曰：“遹，述”，《释言》文。“骏，大。求，终。观，多”，《释诂》文。《孔子閒居》曰：“三代之王，必先其令闻。”言有善事可以闻於外，是为有声矣。故为有声，是令闻之声。言述行者，是述先闻之辞，故知谓述大王、王季也。声闻则长之使大，令为已有，故云“遹骏有声”。其安民、成民，则大王、王季有此行，但其事未终未多，今文王则终之多之，皆述行其道而增广之耳。
　　○传“烝，君”。
　　○正义(yi)曰：《释(shi)诂》文。

文王受命，有此武功。既伐于崇，作邑于丰。笺云：武功，谓伐四国及崇之功也。作邑者，徙都于丰，以应天命。
　　○应(ying)，应(ying)对之应(ying)

文王烝哉！

[疏]笺“武功”至“天命”。
　　○正义曰：经别言“既(ji)伐(fa)(fa)於崇(chong)”，则“武(wu)功(gong)”之(zhi)(zhi)言，非独伐(fa)(fa)崇(chong)而已。受命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，所伐(fa)(fa)邘、耆、密须、混(hun)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)皆(jie)是也，故(gu)(gu)云“武(wu)功(gong)，谓伐(fa)(fa)四国及崇(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)也”。武(wu)功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)中既(ji)兼伐(fa)(fa)崇(chong)，而别言“既(ji)伐(fa)(fa)於崇(chong)”者，以其功(gong)最大，其伐(fa)(fa)最后(hou)(hou)，故(gu)(gu)特(te)言之(zhi)(zhi)，为作邑张本，言功(gong)成乃(nai)作都(dou)也。言应天(tian)命(ming)者，天(tian)既(ji)命(ming)为天(tian)子，当立天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)居，故(gu)(gu)言徙都(dou)於丰(feng)，以应天(tian)命(ming)。或以为於丰(feng)得命(ming)，故(gu)(gu)徙丰(feng)应之(zhi)(zhi)。然则武(wu)王於盟津得命(ming)，不可(ke)徙都(dou)入河(he)，乃(nai)迁(qian)都(dou)於镐，非得命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)地矣。

筑城伊淢，作丰伊匹。匪棘其欲，遹追来孝。淢，成沟也。匹，配也。笺云：方十里曰成。淢，其沟也，广深各八尺。棘，急。来，勤也。文王受命而犹不自足，筑丰邑之城，大小適与成偶，大於诸侯，小於天子之制。此非以急成从己之欲，欲广都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行，进其业也。
　　○淢，况域反(fan)。成(cheng)间有淢，字又作“洫(xu)”，《韩诗(shi)》云：“洫(xu)，深池。”亟，居(ju)力反(fan)。下“亟”同(tong)。或作“棘”。欲(yu)(yu)音欲(yu)(yu)，本亦作“欲(yu)(yu)”。广，古旷(kuang)反(fan)。深，尸鸩反(fan)。行，下孟反(fan)。

王(wang)后烝哉！后，君也。笺云：变谥(shi)言王(wang)后者，非其盛事(shi)，不以义谥(shi)。

[疏]“筑城”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：上言作邑于丰，此述作丰之制。言文王兴筑丰邑之城，维如一成之淢。淢内之地，其方十里。文王作此丰邑，维与相匹，言大小正与成淢相配偶，是大於诸侯，小於天子之制，所以才得伐崇。即作此邑者，非以急从己之欲而广此都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行，思进其业故耳。此王之为人后也，诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“淢，成沟”。
　　○正义曰：《冬官·匠人》云：“井间有沟，成间有淢。”沟是总名，故云“淢，成沟”，谓十里成间所有沟。淢、洫，音同。
　　○笺“方十里”至“其业”。
　　○正义曰：申传“淢，成沟”之义，故云“方十里曰成。淢，其沟也”。言每方十里之地，其外有此沟，谓之为淢。此淢广八尺深八尺。《匠人》云：“方十里为成，成间广八尺深八尺谓之洫。”是其事也。“棘，急”，《释言》文。《礼记》引此诗作“匪革其犹”，革亦急也。文王既已受命，当为天子，其意以纣尚在，犹不敢自足，故筑此丰邑之城，大小適与赋法十里之成相匹偶，是大於诸侯，小於天子之制，不以急从己之欲，欲得广此都邑，乃述追王季勤孝之行。以王季勤孝，欲早成周道，故己早建都邑，以进其功业。文王所述，述大王以来。此止言王季者，以大王始有王迹，勤行其道，大王以前未有王迹，不得言大王勤孝。欲成父功，故所追勤孝，唯王季也。《春官·典命》云：“上公九命，侯伯七命，子男五命。其国家宫室，皆以命数为节。”注云：“国家之所居，谓城方也。公之城盖方九里，侯伯之城盖方七里，子男之城盖方五里。”《坊记》注云：“子男之城方五里。”此二注皆以公城方九里为差，则天子之城十二里矣，故此十里为小於天子也。《异义驳》云：“郑伯之城方五里。”又以侯伯为五里者，郑两解，故《书传》云：“古者百里之国九里之城，七十里之国五里之城，五十里之国三里之城。”注云：“玄或疑焉。《周礼·匠人》营国方九里，谓天子之城。今大国九里，则与之同。然则大国七里之城，次国五里之城，小国三里之城为近耳。或者天子实十二里之城，诸侯大国九里，次国七里，小国五里。”是郑两解之事也。以《匠人》、《典命》俱是正文，故不敢执定。《典命》注每言“盖”，《匠人》注云“立王国若邦国”者，皆为疑辞，以见二涂之意也。
　　○传“后，君”。
　　○正义(yi)曰(yue)：《释诂(gu)》文。笺(jian)以作文有(you)体(ti)，章类(lei)宜同，今半谥半否，故知变之(zhi)(zhi)有(you)义(yi)。以相比校，无谥之(zhi)(zhi)章，其(qi)(qi)事皆劣，故言非(fei)其(qi)(qi)盛事，不以义(yi)谥，谓不以义(yi)理而言其(qi)(qi)谥也(ye)。谥者，行之(zhi)(zhi)成名，总一身之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)，故事盛者称之(zhi)(zhi)，不盛者变名耳。

王公伊濯，维丰之垣。四方攸同，王后维翰。濯，大。翰，干也。笺云：公，事也。文王述行大王、王季之王业，其事益大。作邑於丰，城之既成，又垣之，立宫室，乃为天下所同心而归之。王后为之幹者，正其政教，定其法度。
　　○濯，直角反(fan)，《韩诗(shi)》云(yun)：“美也。”垣音袁。翰，户旦反(fan)，徐音寒。

王后烝哉！

[疏]“王公”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：既言筑作丰城，欲又本之前世，言此王述先王之业，其事维益大矣。即言大之状，维在丰城之内，更筑而垣墙之，以立宫室而居焉，乃为天下四方之民所共同心而归之。其王君文王，维乃为之桢幹，谓为施法度以行之。是王后诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“濯，大。翰，幹”。
　　○正义曰：皆《释诂》文。
　　○笺“文王”至“法度”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰：言(yan)王事(shi)(shi)伊大(da)，则(ze)从小(xiao)至(zhi)大(da)，非文王之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)自为(wei)大(da)也。上言(yan)“遹追来孝”，此(ci)承(cheng)其下，故知(zhi)是(shi)述大(da)王、王季之(zhi)(zhi)业，其事(shi)(shi)益大(da)。上言(yan)“筑城(cheng)”、“作(zuo)丰”，此(ci)言(yan)“维丰之(zhi)(zhi)垣(yuan)”，则(ze)是(shi)丰城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)内别起垣(yuan)也，故云“作(zuo)邑於丰，城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)既成，又垣(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)，立宫室”。谓立天子之(zhi)(zhi)宫室。宫室既定，万姓知(zhi)有(you)所归(gui)，故为(wei)天下所同(tong)心而归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)。幹(gan)者，筑墙所立之(zhi)(zhi)木。幹(gan)与墙为(wei)法，故为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)幹(gan)者，正(zheng)其政教，定其法度。

丰水东注，维禹之绩。四方攸同，皇王维辟。绩，业。皇，大也。笺云：绩，功。辟，君也。昔尧时洪水，而丰水亦汎滥为害。禹治之，使入渭，东注于河，禹之功也。文王、武王今得作邑於其旁地，为天下所同心而归。大王为之君，乃由禹之功，故引美之。丰邑在丰水之西，镐京在丰水之东。
　　○辟(pi)音壁。注及下皆同(tong)。又音婢(bi)亦(yi)(yi)反，法也(ye)。氾，芳(fang)剑反，字(zi)亦(yi)(yi)作“汎”。滥，力暂(zan)反。大王，此及下言“大”者，并如字(zi)。

皇王烝哉！笺云：变王后言大(da)王者，武王之事又益(yi)大(da)。

[疏]“丰水”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：上既言文王之事，故武王继之。今丰水之得东流，注渭入河者，是禹之功业，言禹决治之，其傍得成平地也。今文王得作邑於傍，武王既成镐京，故为天下四方所共同心归之，文王、武王维於是为之君而施化焉。此大王诚得人君之道哉。
　　○传“绩，业。皇，大”。
　　○正义曰：“绩，业”，《释诂》文。又云：“皇，君。”君亦大之义，故为大。
　　○笺“绩功”至“之东”。
　　○正义曰：“绩，功。辟，君”，亦《释诂》文也。功、业大同耳。据其力之所成则谓之功，言其泽及於后则谓之业。昭元年《左传》刘定公见雒汭之水曰：“美哉，禹之功也！”此亦见丰水而思禹，故易传以绩为功。《尧典》曰：“汤汤洪水。”是尧时洪水。此言丰水东注，由禹之功，故知丰水亦泛滥为害，禹治之也。泛滥，谓汎长滥决，平地有水也。《禹贡》曰：“导渭自鸟鼠同穴，东会于丰，入于河。”是丰水入渭，东注於河。此章武王之事，而并言文王作邑於其傍者，以二邑皆在丰傍，举丰而言，可以兼及文王，欲连言之。《帝王世纪》云：“丰、镐皆在长安之西南。”言丰邑在丰水之西，镐京在丰水之东，以时验而知之。
　　○笺“变王”至“益大”。
　　○正义曰：此(ci)与下章俱言(yan)(yan)皇王，而下有镐(hao)京之事(shi)，知(zhi)此(ci)皇王为武(wu)(wu)王也(ye)(ye)。同不言(yan)(yan)谥(shi)，而王后与皇王异文，既人异而辞(ci)变，故知(zhi)为武(wu)(wu)王之事(shi)，又(you)益大也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)与上章皆言(yan)(yan)“四方攸同”，而言(yan)(yan)益大者，以(yi)文王亦武(wu)(wu)王，故亦以(yi)四方言(yan)(yan)之，其实同归之者，少於武(wu)(wu)王也(ye)(ye)。

镐京(jing)辟雍(yong)，自(zi)西(xi)自(zi)东，自(zi)南自(zi)北(bei)，无思不服。武王作邑於镐京(jing)。笺云：自(zi)，由也(ye)。武王於镐京(jing)行辟雍(yong)之(zhi)礼，自(zi)四方来观者，皆感化其德，心无不归服者。

皇王烝哉！

[疏]笺“自由”至“服者”。
　　○正义曰：《释诂》云：“由(you)，自也(ye)(ye)。”故(gu)自得(de)为由(you)也(ye)(ye)。既言辟雍，即云四(si)方皆服，明由(you)在辟雍行(xing)(xing)礼(li)，见其(qi)行(xing)(xing)礼(li)，感其(qi)德化，故(gu)无不归服也(ye)(ye)。辟雍之礼(li)，谓养老(lao)以教孝悌也(ye)(ye)。

考卜维王，宅是镐京。维龟正之，武王成之。笺云：考，犹稽也。宅，居也。稽疑之法，必契灼龟而卜之。武王卜居是镐京之地，龟则正之，谓得吉兆，武王遂居之。修三后之德，以伐纣定天下，成龟兆之占，功莫大於此。
　　○挈，苦(ku)计反(fan)，本(ben)又作“契”。或(huo)苦(ku)结(jie)反(fan)。

武王烝哉！

[疏]“考卜”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：言稽考其疑，灼疑龟而卜之者，维武王所疑而卜者，其宅居於是镐京之地。维此所契之龟，则出其吉兆以正定之，言居此必吉，故得天下。武王则能成之，伐纣以定天下，成此龟兆之占，是功之大美者，此武王诚得人君之道哉。
　　○笺“考犹”至“於此”。
　　○正义曰：以《洪范》有稽(ji)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，故(gu)云“考(kao)，犹稽(ji)也”。“宅，居(ju)(ju)”，《释言(yan)》文。以稽(ji)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，必契灼其龟而(er)(er)卜(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。正谓得(de)吉(ji)兆(zhao)，龟正定(ding)其吉(ji)，云此地可居(ju)(ju)。卜(bu)兆(zhao)言(yan)吉(ji)，居(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)得(de)天下(xia)，是(shi)成(cheng)龟兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)，伐(fa)去虐(nve)纣，身(shen)即王(wang)位(wei)，功无大於此者。伐(fa)纣为(wei)成(cheng)龟兆(zhao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)，定(ding)本(ben)、《集注》皆云“功莫大是(shi)也”，义亦得(de)通。《礼记(ji)》引(yin)此诗，彼注云：“武(wu)(wu)王(wang)筑而(er)(er)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”与此异者，引(yin)《诗》断章，多异於本(ben)。此顾上(shang)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文言(yan)“武(wu)(wu)王(wang)烝(zheng)哉”，是(shi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛事不宜直(zhi)言(yan)其筑作而(er)(er)已，故(gu)以伐(fa)纣为(wei)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

丰水有芑，武王岂不仕？诒厥孙谋，以燕翼子。芑，草也。仕，事。燕，安。翼，敬也。笺云：诒，犹传也。孙，顺也。丰水犹以其润泽生草，武王岂不以其功业为事乎？以之为事，故传其所以顺天下之谋，以安其敬事之子孙，谓使行之也。《书》曰：“厥考翼，其肯曰：‘我有后，弗弃基？’”
　　○芑音起。诒，以之反。孙(sun)，王(wang)申毛如字，郑音逊。传，直(zhi)专(zhuan)反。下同。

武(wu)王烝哉(zai)！笺云：上言(yan)皇王，而(er)变言(yan)武(wu)王者，皇，大(da)也(ye)，始大(da)其业(ye)，至武(wu)王伐纣成之，故言(yan)武(wu)王也(ye)。

[疏]“丰水”至“烝哉”。
　　○正义曰：言丰水之傍有芑菜，丰水是无情之物，犹以润泽而生菜为己事，况武王岂不以功业为事乎？言实以功业为事，思得泽及后人，故遗传其所以顺天下之谋，以安敬事之子孙。言武王能传顺天下，功被来世，后人敬其事者，则得行之乃安。是武王之道，令得长世，武王诚得为人君之道哉。
　　○传“燕，安。翼，敬”。
　　○正义曰：燕礼所以安宾，故燕为安也。“翼，敬”，《释诂》文。
　　○笺“诒犹”至“弃基”。
　　○正(zheng)义曰(yue)：诒(yi)训遗(yi)，即流传(chuan)之(zhi)义，故诒(yi)犹传(chuan)也(ye)(ye)。传(chuan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)顺天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)谋者(zhe)，谓圣人所(suo)谋之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，行之(zhi)则必顺天(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)心，安(an)(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)(qi)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)子(zi)孙。言(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)孙敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)(shi)，能(neng)(neng)遵(zun)用其(qi)(qi)(qi)道，则得安(an)(an)(an)也(ye)(ye)。必言(yan)(yan)(yan)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，若子(zi)孙不敬(jing)(jing)(jing)，则不能(neng)(neng)行之(zhi)；不能(neng)(neng)行，则不得安(an)(an)(an)，故安(an)(an)(an)、敬(jing)(jing)(jing)并言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)。引《书》曰(yue)者(zhe)，《大诰(gao)》文。彼(bi)(bi)(bi)上文以堂屋耕播为(wei)喻，言(yan)(yan)(yan)父(fu)为(wei)之(zhi)於(wu)前，子(zi)不循於(wu)后(hou)(hou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)则嫌责之(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)假言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)之(zhi)辞。彼(bi)(bi)(bi)注云(yun)：“其(qi)(qi)(qi)父(fu)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)职之(zhi)人，其(qi)(qi)(qi)肯曰(yue)：‘我有后(hou)(hou)，子(zi)孙不废弃我基业乎？’”引此(ci)(ci)明(ming)后(hou)(hou)人须因前基，故云(yun)传(chuan)谋以安(an)(an)(an)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)(hou)，证翼为(wei)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)。彼(bi)(bi)(bi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)父(fu)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)(yan)子(zi)孙明(ming)敬(jing)(jing)(jing)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，乃(nai)能(neng)(neng)不弃基，故引而反以相(xiang)明(ming)。

《文王有(you)声》八(ba)章，章五句。

《文王之什》十(shi)(shi)篇，六十(shi)(shi)六章，四百一十(shi)(shi)四句。

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