曹操煮(zhu)酒论英(ying)雄 

阅读(du)下(xia)面文段，回答文后问题

一日，关、张(zhang)不(bu)(bu)在，玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)正在后园(yuan)浇菜，许褚、张(zhang)辽引数十人(ren)(ren)(ren)入园(yuan)中曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“丞相有(you)(you)命，请使(shi)君便行(xing)。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)惊问曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“有(you)(you)甚紧事？”许褚曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)。只(zhi)(zhi)教我来相请。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)只(zhi)(zhi)得随二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)入府见操(cao)(cao)(cao)。操(cao)(cao)(cao)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“在家做得好大(da)事！”唬得玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)面(mian)如(ru)土色。操(cao)(cao)(cao)执玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)，直至后园(yuan)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)学圃不(bu)(bu)易！”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)方(fang)才(cai)放(fang)心(xin)，答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“无事消遣耳(er)。”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“适见枝头梅(mei)子青青，忽感去(qu)年征(zheng)张(zhang)绣(xiu)时(shi)，道上缺水，将(jiang)士(shi)皆(jie)渴；吾心(xin)生一计，以(yi)鞭虚(xu)指(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘前面(mian)有(you)(you)梅(mei)林。’军士(shi)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，口皆(jie)生唾(tuo)，由是不(bu)(bu)渴。今见此(ci)梅(mei)，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)赏。又(you)值煮(zhu)酒(jiu)正熟，故邀使(shi)君小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)一会(hui)。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)心(xin)神(shen)方(fang)定。随至小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)亭(ting)，已设樽(zun)俎：盘置青梅(mei)，一樽(zun)煮(zhu)酒(jiu)。二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)对(dui)坐，开怀畅饮。酒(jiu)至半酣(han)，忽阴云漠(mo)(mo)漠(mo)(mo)，聚(ju)雨(yu)(yu)将(jiang)至。从人(ren)(ren)(ren)遥指(zhi)天外龙(long)挂，操(cao)(cao)(cao)与(yu)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)凭(ping)栏观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“使(shi)君知(zhi)龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变化否？”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“未知(zhi)其详(xiang)。”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“龙(long)能(neng)(neng)(neng)大(da)能(neng)(neng)(neng)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)升(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)隐(yin)；大(da)则(ze)(ze)兴云吐雾(wu)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)则(ze)(ze)隐(yin)介藏形；升(sheng)则(ze)(ze)飞腾于宇宙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间，隐(yin)则(ze)(ze)潜伏于波(bo)涛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。方(fang)今春深，龙(long)乘时(shi)变化，犹(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)得志而纵(zong)横四(si)(si)海。龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)物，可(ke)比世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)久历四(si)(si)方(fang)，必知(zhi)当世英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)。请试指(zhi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“备肉眼(yan)安(an)识(shi)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“休得过(guo)谦。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“备叨恩庇，得仕于朝。天下(xia)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)，实(shi)有(you)(you)未知(zhi)。”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“既不(bu)(bu)识(shi)其面(mian)，亦闻其名(ming)(ming)。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“淮南(nan)袁术，兵粮(liang)足备，可(ke)为(wei)(wei)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“冢中枯(ku)骨，吾早晚(wan)必擒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)！”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“河北袁绍，四(si)(si)世三公，门多(duo)故吏；今虎踞冀州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，部(bu)下(xia)能(neng)(neng)(neng)事者极多(duo)，可(ke)为(wei)(wei)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)？“操(cao)(cao)(cao)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“袁绍色厉(li)胆薄，好谋(mou)无断；干大(da)事而惜身，见小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)利(li)而忘命：非英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)也。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“有(you)(you)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)名(ming)(ming)称八俊，威(wei)镇九(jiu)州(zhou)：刘(liu)景升(sheng)可(ke)为(wei)(wei)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“刘(liu)表虚(xu)名(ming)(ming)无实(shi)，非英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)也。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“有(you)(you)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)血气方(fang)刚(gang)，江东领(ling)袖(xiu)——孙(sun)(sun)伯符乃(nai)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)也？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“孙(sun)(sun)策(ce)藉父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)，非英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)也。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“益州(zhou)刘(liu)季玉，可(ke)为(wei)(wei)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)乎？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“刘(liu)璋虽(sui)系宗室，乃(nai)守户之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犬耳(er)，何足为(wei)(wei)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)！”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“如(ru)张(zhang)绣(xiu)、张(zhang)鲁、韩(han)遂(sui)等辈皆(jie)何如(ru)？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)鼓掌(zhang)大(da)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“此(ci)等碌碌小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，何足挂齿(chi)！”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“舍此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，备实(shi)不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)。”操(cao)(cao)(cao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“夫(fu)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)者，胸怀大(da)志，腹有(you)(you)良谋(mou)，有(you)(you)包(bao)藏宇宙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机，吞(tun)吐天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志者也。”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“谁(shei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)当之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”操(cao)(cao)(cao)以(yi)手(shou)(shou)指(zhi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)，后自指(zhi)，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“今天下(xia)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)，惟使(shi)君与(yu)操(cao)(cao)(cao)耳(er)！”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)闻言，吃(chi)了一惊，手(shou)(shou)中所执匙箸，不(bu)(bu)觉(jue)落(luo)于地下(xia)。时(shi)正值天雨(yu)(yu)将(jiang)至，雷声(sheng)大(da)作。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)乃(nai)从容俯首拾箸曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“一震之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei)，乃(nai)至于此(ci)。”操(cao)(cao)(cao)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“丈夫(fu)亦畏雷乎？”玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)迅(xun)雷风烈(lie)必变，安(an)得不(bu)(bu)畏？”将(jiang)闻言失箸缘故，轻轻掩(yan)饰过(guo)了。操(cao)(cao)(cao)遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)疑(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)德(de)(de)(de)。后人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)诗赞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“勉从虎穴(xue)暂趋身，说破(po)英(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)雄(xiong)(xiong)惊杀(sha)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。巧借闻雷来掩(yan)饰，随机应变信如(ru)神(shen)。” 

1．曹操认为真正(zheng)的(de)英雄(xiong)具备哪些特(te)点(dian)？（用文中的(de)语言(yan)回答）曹操煮酒论当世英雄(xiong)的(de)目的(de)是什么(me)？这表现了曹操的(de)什么(me)性格特(te)点(dian)？

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2．试结合文章内容(rong)评析刘备的(de)性格特点。

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3．文章主要采用(yong)了哪些描写方法来刻画(hua)人(ren)物(wu)形象的？试举例说(shuo)明。

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4．文中引用(yong)下(xia)面诗句的作用(yong)是什么？

勉从虎穴暂(zan)趋身，说破英雄(xiong)惊杀人。巧借闻雷来掩饰，随机应(ying)变信如神。

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5．“适见枝头梅子青青，忽感去年征张绣时，道上缺水，将士皆渴；吾心生一计，以鞭虚指曰：‘前面有梅林。’军士闻之，口皆生唾，由是不渴。”本段文字中暗含一成语，请指出来并加以解释。并列举《三国演义》中的成语，至少两个。

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【参考答案】

1．“夫英(ying)雄(xiong)者，胸怀(huai)大(da)志(zhi)，腹(fu)有(you)良谋(mou)，有(you)包藏宇宙之(zhi)机，吞吐天地之(zhi)志(zhi)者也。” 曹操(cao)借煮酒论当(dang)世英(ying)雄(xiong)为名，实际(ji)上是多(duo)方试探刘备，有(you)刀(dao)光剑(jian)影之(zhi)势。表现(xian)了(le)曹操(cao)踌躇满志(zhi)、老奸(jian)巨(ju)猾的性格特点(dian)。

2．刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)寄居(ju)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)篱下，为怕(pa)引起(qi)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)的(de)猜疑，实(shi)行“韬晦”之计，在(zai)自己(ji)的(de)住(zhu)处(chu)(chu)后园里种(zhong)起(qi)菜来了(le)。不料曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)和他青梅煮酒论英雄(xiong)，在(zai)文中(zhong)曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)着意追问(wen)，步步紧逼，刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)则(ze)(ze)故作无知，轻(qing)轻(qing)饰(shi)过(guo)；曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)得意洋洋，谈笑风生(sheng)，刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)则(ze)(ze)谨(jin)慎小(xiao)心，处(chu)(chu)处(chu)(chu)设防曹(cao)(cao)操(cao)一语道破他“英雄(xiong)”的(de)真(zhen)面目，刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)虽惊慌失措，手(shou)中(zhong)筷子不觉落(luo)在(zai)地下。恰(qia)巧这(zhei)时(shi)老天作美，雷声大(da)作，刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)急中(zhong)生(sheng)智(zhi)，以雷声巧妙掩饰(shi)而过(guo)。这(zhei)一系列的(de)情(qing)节(jie)表现了(le)刘(liu)(liu)备(bei)的(de)聪明睿智(zhi)、小(xiao)心谨(jin)慎、随机应变的(de)性格特点。

3．（1）语(yu)言描写(xie)：“玄德(de)曰：‘谁(shei)能(neng)当之？’操以(yi)手指(zhi)玄德(de)，后自指(zhi)，曰：‘今天下(xia)英雄，惟(wei)使君与操耳！’”

（2）心理描写：如“玄德闻言，吃(chi)了一惊”

（3）动作描写：“手中所执(zhi)匙箸，不觉落于(yu)地(di)下。”

（4）神态描写：“唬(hu)得玄德面如土色”

4．点明(ming)了刘(liu)备的(de)危险处境，诗(shi)(shi)中既(ji)有曹(cao)操的(de)试探(tan)，也有刘(liu)备的(de)从(cong)容应对，在说破英雄(xiong)之(zhi)时(shi)，刘(liu)备能急中生智，随机应变。这首(shou)诗(shi)(shi)是对刘(liu)备寄居(ju)曹(cao)操篱下大智大勇(yong)的(de)赞颂，同时(shi)也是对上文(wen)的(de)总结，言(yan)简意赅，颇有深意。（意对即(ji)可）

5．望梅止渴：比喻用空想安慰自己。  

 

成语(yu)：万事俱(ju)备(bei)，只欠东风   三顾茅庐