爱上海

 华语网 > 文言专题 > 文言经典 > 正文

荆轲传

作者:史 记 文章来源:本站整理

荆轲者,卫人(ren)也。其先(xian)乃齐人(ren)。徙于卫,卫人(ren)谓之(zhi)(zhi)庆卿;而之(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan),燕(yan)人(ren)谓之(zhi)(zhi)荆卿。

荆卿好读书(shu)、击剑,以术说(shuo)卫元(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun),卫元(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)不用。其后秦伐魏,置东郡,徙卫元(yuan)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之支属于野王。

荆轲尝游过榆次,与盖(gai)聂论(lun)剑,盖(gai)聂怒而目之(zhi)。荆轲出,人或言复召荆卿(qing),盖(gai)聂曰(yue):「曩者(zhe)(zhe)吾(wu)(wu)(wu)与论(lun)剑有(you)不(bu)称者(zhe)(zhe),吾(wu)(wu)(wu)目之(zhi),试(shi)往(wang),是宜去,不(bu)敢(gan)留。」使(shi)使(shi)往(wang)之(zhi)主人,荆卿(qing)则已驾而去榆次矣。使(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)还报(bao),盖(gai)聂曰(yue):「固去也,吾(wu)(wu)(wu)曩者(zhe)(zhe)目摄之(zhi)。」

荆轲游于邯郸,鲁(lu)句(ju)践与荆轲博,争(zheng)道,鲁(lu)句(ju)践怒而叱(chi)之(zhi),荆轲嘿(hei)而逃去,遂不(bu)复会。

荆轲既(ji)至燕,爱燕之(zhi)狗屠及(ji)善击筑者(zhe)高(gao)(gao)渐离(li)。荆轲嗜(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu),日(ri)与狗屠及(ji)高(gao)(gao)渐离(li)饮于(yu)(yu)燕市,酒(jiu)(jiu)酣以往,高(gao)(gao)渐离(li)击筑,荆轲和而(er)歌于(yu)(yu)市中相(xiang)乐也。已(yi)而(er)相(xiang)泣,旁若无人者(zhe)。荆轲虽游(you)于(yu)(yu)酒(jiu)(jiu)人乎,然其(qi)为人沈深(shen)好书,其(qi)所游(you)诸(zhu)侯(hou),尽(jin)与其(qi)贤豪(hao)长者(zhe)相(xiang)结。其(qi)之(zhi)燕,燕之(zhi)处士田光先生亦善待之(zhi),知其(qi)非庸(yong)人也。

居顷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),会燕(yan)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)质(zhi)秦亡归燕(yan)。燕(yan)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)者,故(gu)尝(chang)质(zhi)于(yu)(yu)赵,而秦王政生于(yu)(yu)赵,其(qi)少时与丹(dan)(dan)(dan)欢。及政立为(wei)(wei)秦王,而丹(dan)(dan)(dan)质(zhi)于(yu)(yu)秦,秦王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇(yu)燕(yan)太(tai)子(zi)(zi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)不善,故(gu)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)怨而亡归。归而求为(wei)(wei)报(bao)秦王者,国(guo)小(xiao)力(li)不能。其(qi)后秦日(ri)出(chu)兵山东,以伐齐楚三晋,稍蚕(can)食诸侯,且至于(yu)(yu)燕(yan)。燕(yan)君臣皆恐祸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至。太(tai)子(zi)(zi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),问其(qi)傅鞠武。武对曰:「秦地遍天下,威胁韩魏赵氏,北(bei)有(you)(you)甘泉(quan)谷口之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)固(gu),南有(you)(you)泾渭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沃,擅巴(ba)汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饶,右陇蜀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山,左(zuo)关崤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险,民众而士(shi)厉,兵革有(you)(you)余。意(yi)有(you)(you)所(suo)出(chu),则(ze)(ze)长城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南,易水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei),未有(you)(you)所(suo)定也。奈何以见(jian)陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怨,欲批(pi)其(qi)逆鳞(lin)哉(zai)?」丹(dan)(dan)(dan)曰:「然则(ze)(ze)何由?」对曰:「请入图之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。」

居有(you)间,秦(qin)将(jiang)樊(fan)于(yu)(yu)期得(de)罪(zui)于(yu)(yu)秦(qin)王,亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan),太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)受而(er)(er)(er)舍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。鞠武(wu)(wu)(wu)谏曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「不(bu)(bu)可(ke),夫(fu)以(yi)秦(qin)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暴,而(er)(er)(er)积(ji)怒于(yu)(yu)燕(yan),足(zu)(zu)为寒心(xin),又(you)况闻樊(fan)将(jiang)军之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在乎!是(shi)谓委肉当饿(e)虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹊也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),祸必(bi)不(bu)(bu)振矣,虽有(you)管晏,不(bu)(bu)能为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)疾遣樊(fan)将(jiang)军入匈奴以(yi)灭口,请西约(yue)三(san)晋,南连齐楚,北购于(yu)(yu)单于(yu)(yu),其后(hou)乃(nai)可(ke)图(tu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「太(tai)(tai)傅(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计旷(kuang)日(ri)弥久,心(xin)惛然,恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)能须臾(yu)。且非(fei)(fei)独于(yu)(yu)此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)樊(fan)将(jiang)军穷困于(yu)(yu)天下(xia),归身于(yu)(yu)丹,丹终(zhong)不(bu)(bu)以(yi)迫(po)于(yu)(yu)强秦(qin)而(er)(er)(er)弃所(suo)哀(ai)怜(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao),置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匈奴,是(shi)固丹命(ming)卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)太(tai)(tai)傅(fu)更虑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。」鞠武(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):夫(fu)行(xing)危欲求安,造祸而(er)(er)(er)求福(fu),计浅而(er)(er)(er)怨(yuan)深,连结一(yi)(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)交(jiao)(jiao),不(bu)(bu)顾国(guo)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大害(hai),此谓资怨(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)助祸矣。夫(fu)以(yi)鸿毛燎于(yu)(yu)炉(lu)炭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),必(bi)无(wu)事矣。且以(yi)雕鸷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秦(qin),行(xing)怨(yuan)暴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怒,岂足(zu)(zu)道(dao)哉(zai)。燕(yan)有(you)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng),其为人(ren)智深而(er)(er)(er)勇沈,可(ke)与(yu)谋。」太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)太(tai)(tai)傅(fu)而(er)(er)(er)得(de)交(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)(yu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)乎?」鞠武(wu)(wu)(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「敬诺(nuo)。」出见田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng),道(dao)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)图(tu)国(guo)事于(yu)(yu)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「敬奉教(jiao)。」乃(nai)造焉(yan)。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)逢迎,却(que)行(xing)为导,跪而(er)(er)(er)蔽席(xi)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)坐定,左右无(wu)人(ren),太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)避席(xi)而(er)(er)(er)请曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「燕(yan)秦(qin)不(bu)(bu)两立,愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)留意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「臣闻骐骥盛壮(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),一(yi)(yi)日(ri)而(er)(er)(er)驰千(qian)里(li),至其衰老,驽(nu)马(ma)先(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻光(guang)盛壮(zhuang)(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)臣精已消亡矣。虽然,光(guang)不(bu)(bu)敢以(yi)图(tu)国(guo)事,所(suo)善荆(jing)卿(qing)可(ke)使(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)(yin)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)得(de)结交(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)(yu)荆(jing)卿(qing)可(ke)乎?」田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「敬诺(nuo)。」即起趋出,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)送至门,戒曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「丹所(suo)报,先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe),国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)勿泄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)俯(fu)而(er)(er)(er)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「诺(nuo)。」偻(lou)行(xing)见荆(jing)卿(qing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「光(guang)与(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)善,燕(yan)莫不(bu)(bu)知(zhi);今太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)闻光(guang)壮(zhuang)(zhuang)盛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)吾形(xing)已不(bu)(bu)逮也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),幸(xing)而(er)(er)(er)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):『燕(yan)秦(qin)不(bu)(bu)两立,愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)留意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)』,光(guang)窃不(bu)(bu)自(zi)外,言(yan)(yan)足(zu)(zu)下(xia)于(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)足(zu)(zu)下(xia)过(guo)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)宫。」荆(jing)轲曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「谨奉教(jiao)。」田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)光(guang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「吾闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),长者(zhe)为行(xing),不(bu)(bu)使(shi)人(ren)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),今太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)告光(guang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):『所(suo)言(yan)(yan)者(zhe)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)勿泄』,是(shi)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)疑光(guang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)为行(xing)而(er)(er)(er)使(shi)人(ren)疑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非(fei)(fei)节侠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」欲自(zi)杀以(yi)激荆(jing)卿(qing),曰(yue)(yue)(yue):「愿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)足(zu)(zu)下(xia)急过(guo)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),言(yan)(yan)光(guang)已死,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。」因(yin)(yin)遂自(zi)刎而(er)(er)(er)死。

荆(jing)(jing)轲(ke)遂(sui)见(jian)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi),言田(tian)(tian)光已(yi)死,致(zhi)光之(zhi)(zhi)言。太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)再拜(bai)而(er)(er)跪,膝行流(liu)涕,有顷而(er)(er)后言曰(yue):「丹(dan)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诫田(tian)(tian)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)毋(wu)言者(zhe)(zhe),欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成大(da)事之(zhi)(zhi)谋也(ye)。今田(tian)(tian)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)死明(ming)不(bu)言,岂丹(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)哉!」荆(jing)(jing)轲(ke)坐定,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)避席顿(dun)首(shou)曰(yue):「田(tian)(tian)先(xian)(xian)生(sheng)不(bu)知丹(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)肖,使(shi)(shi)得(de)至(zhi)前(qian)敢有所(suo)(suo)(suo)道,此天之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)哀燕而(er)(er)不(bu)弃其孤也(ye)。今秦有贪利之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),而(er)(er)欲不(bu)可足(zu)也(ye),非(fei)尽(jin)天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),臣海内之(zhi)(zhi)王(wang)者(zhe)(zhe),其意(yi)(yi)不(bu)厌。今秦已(yi)虏韩王(wang),尽(jin)纳其地(di),又(you)举(ju)兵南伐楚(chu),北临赵,王(wang)翦将数(shu)十(shi)万(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)众距漳、邺,而(er)(er)李(li)信(xin)出太(tai)(tai)原、云中。赵不(bu)能(neng)支秦,必入臣,入臣则祸(huo)至(zhi)燕。燕小弱(ruo),数(shu)困于(yu)兵,今计举(ju)国不(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)当秦。诸侯服秦,莫(mo)敢合从(cong)(cong)。丹(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)私计,愚以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)诚(cheng)得(de)天下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)勇士,使(shi)(shi)于(yu)秦,窥(kui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重利,秦王(wang)贪,其势必得(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)愿(yuan)矣。诚(cheng)得(de)劫秦王(wang),使(shi)(shi)悉反(fan)诸侯侵地(di),若曹沫之(zhi)(zhi)与齐桓公,则大(da)善矣。则不(bu)可,因(yin)而(er)(er)刺杀之(zhi)(zhi)。彼(bi)秦大(da)将擅兵于(yu)外,而(er)(er)内有乱,则君臣相疑;以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其间(jian),诸侯得(de)合从(cong)(cong),其破(po)秦必矣。此丹(dan)之(zhi)(zhi)上愿(yuan),而(er)(er)不(bu)知所(suo)(suo)(suo)委命,唯荆(jing)(jing)卿(qing)留(liu)意(yi)(yi)焉。」久之(zhi)(zhi),荆(jing)(jing)轲(ke)曰(yue):「此国之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)事也(ye),臣驽下(xia)(xia),恐不(bu)足(zu)任使(shi)(shi)。」太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)前(qian)顿(dun)首(shou),固请毋(wu)让,然后许诺(nuo)。于(yu)是尊(zun)荆(jing)(jing)轲(ke)为(wei)上卿(qing),舍上舍,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)日造门下(xia)(xia),供太(tai)(tai)牢,具异物(wu),间(jian)进车骑美女,恣荆(jing)(jing)轲(ke)所(suo)(suo)(suo)欲,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)顺适其意(yi)(yi)。

久之(zhi)(zhi),荆(jing)轲未有行意。秦(qin)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)王(wang)翦(jian)破赵,虏赵王(wang),尽收其地(di),进兵北略地(di),至燕南(nan)界。太子(zi)丹恐惧,乃请荆(jing)轲曰(yue):「秦(qin)兵旦暮渡(du)易水(shui),则(ze)(ze)虽欲长侍足下,岂可(ke)得(de)哉!」荆(jing)轲曰(yue):「微太子(zi)言,臣愿(yuan)(yuan)谒之(zhi)(zhi),今行而毋信,则(ze)(ze)秦(qin)未可(ke)亲也。夫(fu)樊将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),秦(qin)王(wang)购之(zhi)(zhi)金千斤,邑万(wan)家。诚(cheng)得(de)樊将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)首,与燕督亢之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)图,奉献秦(qin)王(wang),秦(qin)王(wang)必说见臣,臣乃得(de)有以报。」太子(zi)曰(yue):「樊将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)穷困(kun)来归丹,丹不忍(ren)以己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)私(si)而伤(shang)长者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)意,愿(yuan)(yuan)足下更(geng)虑之(zhi)(zhi)。」

荆(jing)(jing)轲知(zhi)太(tai)子(zi)不(bu)忍,乃遂私见(jian)(jian)樊(fan)于期曰(yue):「秦(qin)(qin)之遇将(jiang)军(jun)可(ke)谓(wei)深矣(yi),父母宗族皆为戮(lu)没,今闻购将(jiang)军(jun)首(shou)金千(qian)斤,邑万家(jia),将(jiang)奈何(he)?」于期仰天太(tai)息,流涕曰(yue):「于期每念之,常痛于骨髓(sui),顾(gu)计(ji)不(bu)知(zhi)所出耳。」荆(jing)(jing)轲曰(yue):「今有(you)一(yi)言(yan)可(ke)以(yi)解燕国之患,报将(jiang)军(jun)之仇者何(he)如?」于期乃前(qian)曰(yue):「为之奈何(he)?」荆(jing)(jing)轲曰(yue):「愿得将(jiang)军(jun)之首(shou)以(yi)献秦(qin)(qin)王,秦(qin)(qin)王必(bi)喜而见(jian)(jian)臣(chen)。臣(chen)左手把其(qi)(qi)袖,右手揕其(qi)(qi)胸;然则(ze)将(jiang)军(jun)之仇报而燕见(jian)(jian)陵之愧除(chu)矣(yi)。将(jiang)军(jun)岂(qi)有(you)意乎?」樊(fan)于期偏袒扼腕而进(jin)曰(yue):「此(ci)臣(chen)之日夜切齿(chi)腐心也。乃今得闻教(jiao)。」遂自(zi)刭。太(tai)子(zi)闻之,驰(chi)往伏尸而哭,极哀。既已不(bu)可(ke)奈何(he),乃遂盛(sheng)樊(fan)于期首(shou)函(han)封之。

于是(shi)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)豫求天下之(zhi)利匕(bi)首(shou),得(de)赵人(ren)徐夫人(ren)匕(bi)首(shou),取之(zhi)百金。使工以药錊之(zhi),以试人(ren),血濡缕,人(ren)无不(bu)立死者。乃(nai)装为(wei)遣荆卿。燕国(guo)有(you)勇士(shi)秦(qin)舞阳,年(nian)十三杀人(ren),人(ren)不(bu)敢忤(wu)视,乃(nai)令秦(qin)舞阳为(wei)副(fu)。荆轲有(you)所(suo)(suo)待(dai),欲与(yu)俱(ju);其人(ren)居远(yuan)未来,而(er)为(wei)治(zhi)行(xing),顷之(zhi),未发,太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)迟(chi)之(zhi),疑其改(gai)悔,乃(nai)复(fu)请曰:「日已(yi)尽矣,荆卿岂有(you)意哉(zai)?丹请得(de)先(xian)遣秦(qin)舞阳。」荆轲怒(nu)叱(chi)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)曰:「何太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)遣?往(wang)而(er)不(bu)反者竖子(zi)(zi)也。且提(ti)一匕(bi)首(shou),入不(bu)测之(zhi)强秦(qin)。仆所(suo)(suo)以留者,待(dai)吾客与(yu)俱(ju)。今太(tai)(tai)子(zi)(zi)迟(chi)之(zhi),请辞决矣。」遂发。

太子(zi)及宾客知(zhi)其事者(zhe),皆白衣冠(guan)以送之(zhi)。至易水之(zhi)上(shang),既(ji)祖(zu),取道(dao),高渐离击筑,荆轲和而(er)(er)歌,为(wei)变(bian)徵之(zhi)声,士皆垂泪涕泣。又(you)前而(er)(er)歌曰:「风(feng)萧萧兮易水寒;壮士一(yi)去兮不复还。」复为(wei)羽声慷慨,士皆瞋目,发尽上(shang)指冠(guan)。于是荆轲就车而(er)(er)去,终已不顾。

遂(sui)(sui)至秦(qin)(qin),持(chi)千金(jin)之(zhi)资币物,厚遗秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)宠(chong)臣(chen)(chen)中(zhong)(zhong)庶(shu)子蒙嘉。嘉为(wei)先言于(yu)(yu)秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue):「燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)诚(cheng)振(zhen)怖大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)威,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)举兵以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)逆军吏,愿举国为(wei)内臣(chen)(chen),比诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)列,给(ji)贡职如郡(jun)县,而得(de)奉(feng)守先王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)宗庙。恐惧(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)自(zi)陈(chen),谨斩樊(fan)于(yu)(yu)期(qi)之(zhi)头(tou),及(ji)献燕(yan)(yan)督亢(kang)之(zhi)地(di)(di)图(tu),函封,燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)拜送于(yu)(yu)庭,使(shi)使(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闻(wen)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。唯(wei)大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)命之(zhi)。」秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)闻(wen)之(zhi)大(da)(da)喜,乃(nai)(nai)朝服,设九宾,见(jian)(jian)燕(yan)(yan)使(shi)者咸阳宫。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)奉(feng)樊(fan)于(yu)(yu)期(qi)头(tou)函,而秦(qin)(qin)舞(wu)(wu)阳奉(feng)地(di)(di)图(tu)匣,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次进(jin)。至陛,秦(qin)(qin)舞(wu)(wu)阳色变振(zhen)恐,群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)怪之(zhi)。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)顾笑(xiao)(xiao)舞(wu)(wu)阳,前谢曰(yue)(yue):「北蕃蛮夷之(zhi)鄙(bi)人(ren),未尝见(jian)(jian)天子,故(gu)振(zhen)慑,愿大(da)(da)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)少假借之(zhi),使(shi)得(de)毕使(shi)于(yu)(yu)前。」秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)谓轲(ke)(ke)(ke)曰(yue)(yue):「取舞(wu)(wu)阳所(suo)持(chi)地(di)(di)图(tu)。」轲(ke)(ke)(ke)既取图(tu)奏(zou)之(zhi),秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)发(fa)图(tu),图(tu)穷(qiong)而匕(bi)首见(jian)(jian),因(yin)左(zuo)手(shou)把秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)袖(xiu),而右手(shou)持(chi)匕(bi)首揕之(zhi)。未至身,秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)惊,自(zi)引而起,袖(xiu)绝(jue);拔剑(jian),剑(jian)长,操其室;时(shi)惶(huang)急(ji),剑(jian)坚,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可立拔。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)逐秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)环柱而走。群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)皆愕,卒起不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)意,尽失其度。而秦(qin)(qin)法:群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)侍(shi)殿(dian)上(shang)(shang)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)持(chi)尺(chi)寸之(zhi)兵,诸(zhu)郎中(zhong)(zhong)执(zhi)兵皆陈(chen)殿(dian)下,非有诏召不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)上(shang)(shang)。方急(ji)时(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)召下兵。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)故(gu)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)乃(nai)(nai)逐秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),而卒惶(huang)急(ji)无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)击(ji)轲(ke)(ke)(ke),而以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)手(shou)共(gong)搏之(zhi)。是时(shi),侍(shi)医夏(xia)无且,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其所(suo)奉(feng)药囊提荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)也(ye)。秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)方环柱走,卒惶(huang)急(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知所(suo)为(wei),左(zuo)右乃(nai)(nai)曰(yue)(yue):「王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)负(fu)剑(jian)。」负(fu)剑(jian),遂(sui)(sui)拔,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)击(ji)荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke),断其左(zuo)股。荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)废,乃(nai)(nai)引其匕(bi)首以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)掷秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)铜柱。秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)复击(ji)轲(ke)(ke)(ke),轲(ke)(ke)(ke)被八创。轲(ke)(ke)(ke)自(zi)知事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)就,倚柱而笑(xiao)(xiao),箕踞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)骂曰(yue)(yue):「事(shi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)欲生劫之(zhi),必(bi)得(de)约契以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)报太子也(ye)。」于(yu)(yu)是左(zuo)右既前杀轲(ke)(ke)(ke),秦(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怡(yi)者良欠。已而论功赏群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)及(ji)当坐者各(ge)有差(cha),而赐夏(xia)无且黄(huang)金(jin)二百镒,曰(yue)(yue):「无且爱我,乃(nai)(nai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)药囊提荆(jing)(jing)(jing)轲(ke)(ke)(ke)也(ye)。」

于是,秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)大怒,益发兵(bing)(bing)诣赵,诏王(wang)(wang)翦军以(yi)伐燕(yan)(yan)。十月而拔蓟城,燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜、太(tai)子丹(dan)等尽率其精兵(bing)(bing)东保于辽(liao)东。秦(qin)将李信追击燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)急,代王(wang)(wang)嘉(jia)乃遗燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜书曰:「秦(qin)所以(yi)尤(you)追燕(yan)(yan)急者,以(yi)太(tai)子丹(dan)故也。今(jin)王(wang)(wang)诚(cheng)杀丹(dan)献(xian)之(zhi)秦(qin)王(wang)(wang),秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)必解(jie),而社稷幸得血食(shi)。」其后(hou)(hou)李信追丹(dan),丹(dan)匿衍水中;燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)乃使使斩太(tai)子丹(dan),欲献(xian)之(zhi)秦(qin);秦(qin)复进兵(bing)(bing)攻之(zhi),后(hou)(hou)五(wu)年,秦(qin)卒灭(mie)燕(yan)(yan),虏燕(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)喜。

其(qi)明年,秦并天下,立号为皇(huang)帝。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)秦逐太子丹荆轲之(zhi)(zhi)客(ke),皆(jie)亡。高(gao)(gao)(gao)渐离变名(ming)姓为人庸(yong)保,匿作(zuo)于(yu)(yu)宋(song)子。久之(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)苦,闻(wen)其(qi)家堂上(shang)客(ke)击(ji)筑(zhu)(zhu),彷徨不(bu)(bu)能去(qu)。每出言曰:「彼有(you)(you)善有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)善。」从者(zhe)以告其(qi)主,曰:「彼庸(yong)乃(nai)知音,窃言是(shi)非。」家大人召使前击(ji)筑(zhu)(zhu),一(yi)坐称善,赐酒。而(er)(er)高(gao)(gao)(gao)渐离念久隐畏(wei)约无(wu)穷时,乃(nai)退,出其(qi)装匣中(zhong)筑(zhu)(zhu)与其(qi)善衣,更容貌而(er)(er)前。举(ju)坐客(ke)皆(jie)惊,下与抗(kang)礼,以为上(shang)客(ke),使击(ji)筑(zhu)(zhu)而(er)(er)歌,客(ke)无(wu)不(bu)(bu)流(liu)涕而(er)(er)去(qu)者(zhe)。宋(song)子传客(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)。闻(wen)于(yu)(yu)秦始皇(huang),秦始皇(huang)召见。人有(you)(you)识者(zhe),乃(nai)曰:「高(gao)(gao)(gao)渐离也。」秦皇(huang)帝惜其(qi)善击(ji)筑(zhu)(zhu),重赦(she)之(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)矐其(qi)目,使击(ji)筑(zhu)(zhu),未尝不(bu)(bu)称善,稍益近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)渐离乃(nai)以铅置筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong),复进(jin)得(de)近(jin),举(ju)筑(zhu)(zhu)扑(pu)秦皇(huang)帝,不(bu)(bu)中(zhong)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)遂诛高(gao)(gao)(gao)渐离,终身不(bu)(bu)复近(jin)诸(zhu)侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)人。

鲁句践已闻(wen)荆轲之(zhi)刺秦王,私(si)曰(yue):「嗟乎(hu),惜哉,其不讲(jiang)于刺剑之(zhi)术也!甚矣,吾不知人也!曩者吾叱(chi)之(zhi),彼乃以(yi)我为非人也。」

【校(xiao)(xiao)注(zhu)】此篇不见(jian)于原本《古文观止》。校(xiao)(xiao)以《四部备要》重刊殿(dian)本《史记》卷八十六。

上一篇】  【目录】  【下一篇】 【】

更多有关古文观止 经典名著 的资料

请你点此纠错或发表评论 文章录入:09ping    责任编辑:Gaoge
随机推荐
�Ϻ����屦���Լ�,�Ϻ���԰�Լ���,�Ϻ���ǧ��419 �Լ��Ϻ���ǧ��,�Ϻ���ǧ��Ʒ��,���Ϻ�419��ǧ��ȫ���ս�ͬ��΢�ŵ绰����,�Ϻ��߶˺Ȳ���̳,�Ϻ�Ʒ�蹤����