越王勾践栖于会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,乃号令于三(san)军曰:「凡我父兄昆(kun)弟及国子姓(xing),有能助寡人谋(mou)而(er)退吴者,吾(wu)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共知越国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。」大夫(fu)种(zhong)进对曰:「臣(chen)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),贾人夏则资皮,冬则资絺;旱则资舟,水则资车,以待(dai)乏也。夫(fu)虽无四(si)方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧,然(ran)谋(mou)臣(chen)与爪牙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,不可(ke)不养而(er)择也;譬如(ru)蓑笠,时雨既(ji)至必求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今君既(ji)栖于会(hui)(hui)稽(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,然(ran)后乃求谋(mou)臣(chen),无乃后乎?」勾践曰∶「苟得闻子大夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,何(he)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有?」执(zhi)其手(shou)而(er)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋(mou)。
遂使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)成于(yu)(yu)吴曰:「寡君(jun)勾践乏无所(suo)使,使其(qi)下(xia)臣种,不敢彻声闻于(yu)(yu)天王(wang),私(si)于(yu)(yu)下(xia)执事曰:寡君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)徒,不足以(yi)辱君(jun)矣,愿以(yi)金玉子女赂君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辱,请勾践女女于(yu)(yu)王(wang),大夫女女于(yu)(yu)大夫,士(shi)女女于(yu)(yu)士(shi),越国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宝器毕从(cong);寡君(jun)率越国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众,以(yi)从(cong)君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)徒,惟(wei)君(jun)左右(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若以(yi)越国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪为不可赦也,将焚宗庙,系(xi)妻孥,沈金玉于(yu)(yu)江;有带(dai)甲五千人(ren),将以(yi)致死(si),乃必有偶,是以(yi)带(dai)甲万人(ren)事君(jun)也,无乃即伤(shang)君(jun)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)爱乎?与其(qi)杀是人(ren)也,宁其(qi)得(de)此国(guo)(guo)也,其(qi)孰利乎?」
夫(fu)差将欲听,与之(zhi)成。子胥(xu)谏曰:「不(bu)可(ke)!夫(fu)吴之(zhi)与越(yue)也(ye),仇雠敌(di)战之(zhi)国(guo)也(ye),三(san)江环之(zhi),民无所移,有吴则(ze)无越(yue),有越(yue)则(ze)无吴,君将不(bu)可(ke)改(gai)于(yu)是矣。员闻之(zhi):『陆人居陆,水人居水。』夫(fu)上党之(zhi)国(guo),我攻而(er)胜之(zhi),吾(wu)不(bu)能居其(qi)地(di),不(bu)能乘其(qi)车;夫(fu)越(yue)国(guo),吾(wu)攻而(er)胜之(zhi),吾(wu)能居其(qi)地(di),吾(wu)能乘其(qi)舟。此其(qi)利也(ye),不(bu)可(ke)失也(ye)已,君必灭(mie)之(zhi)。失此利也(ye),虽悔之(zhi),必无及已。」
越人饰美(mei)女八人,纳之(zhi)太宰[喜否],曰(yue):「子苟赦越国(guo)罪,又(you)有美(mei)于此者将进之(zhi)。」太宰[喜否]谏曰(yue):「[喜否]闻(wen)古之(zhi)伐国(guo)者,服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)而已(yi);今已(yi)服(fu)(fu)矣,又(you)何(he)求焉。」夫(fu)差与之(zhi)成而去之(zhi)。
勾(gou)践说于(yu)国(guo)人(ren)曰:「寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)不(bu)知其力之不(bu)足也,又与大国(guo)执(zhi)雠,以暴露百(bai)姓之骨于(yu)中原,此(ci)则寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)之罪也,寡(gua)(gua)人(ren)请(qing)更。」于(yu)是葬(zang)死者(zhe),问(wen)伤者(zhe),养生者(zhe),吊有忧(you),贺有喜,送往者(zhe),迎来者(zhe),去民之所恶,补民之不(bu)足,然后卑事夫差,宦士三百(bai)人(ren)于(yu)吴,其身亲为(wei)夫差前马(ma)。
勾践之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,南至于(yu)句无(wu),北至于(yu)御儿,东至于(yu)鄞,西至于(yu)姑(gu)蔑,广运百里。乃致其(qi)(qi)父母昆弟而誓(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):「寡人(ren)(ren)闻古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤君(jun),四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)归之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)水之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)归下也(ye)。 今寡人(ren)(ren)不能,将(jiang)帅二(er)(er)、三(san)(san)子(zi)夫妇以蕃。」令(ling)壮者(zhe)无(wu)取老妇,令(ling)老者(zhe)无(wu)娶(qu)壮妻。女子(zi)十七(qi)不嫁,其(qi)(qi)父母有罪;丈夫二(er)(er)十不娶(qu),其(qi)(qi)父母有罪。将(jiang)免者(zhe)以告,公(gong)令(ling)医守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。生丈夫,二(er)(er)壶(hu)酒、一犬;生女子(zi),二(er)(er)壶(hu)酒、一豚;生三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren),公(gong)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母;生二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),公(gong)与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饩(xi)。当室(shi)者(zhe)死(si),三(san)(san)年(nian)释其(qi)(qi)政;支子(zi)死(si),三(san)(san)月(yue)释其(qi)(qi)政;必(bi)哭泣葬埋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如其(qi)(qi)子(zi)。令(ling)孤子(zi)、寡妇、疾疹(zhen)、贫病者(zhe),纳宦其(qi)(qi)子(zi)。其(qi)(qi)达士,洁(jie)其(qi)(qi)居,美其(qi)(qi)服,饱其(qi)(qi)食(shi),而摩厉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)义。四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士来(lai)者(zhe),必(bi)庙礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),勾践载稻与脂于(yu)舟以行(xing),国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孺子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)游者(zhe),无(wu)不哺也(ye),无(wu)不歠也(ye),必(bi)问其(qi)(qi)名。非其(qi)(qi)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所种则不食(shi),非其(qi)(qi)夫人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所织则不衣。十年(nian)不收于(yu)国(guo),民(min)俱有三(san)(san)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)。
国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父兄(xiong)请(qing)曰(yue):「昔(xi)者(zhe),夫(fu)差耻吾君(jun)(jun)(jun)于诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国;今越(yue)(yue)国亦(yi)节矣,请(qing)报(bao)(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!」勾(gou)践辞曰(yue):「昔(xi)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战也(ye),非(fei)二、三子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也(ye),寡人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也(ye)。如(ru)寡人(ren)者(zhe),安与知(zhi)耻?请(qing)姑(gu)无庸战!」父兄(xiong)又(you)请(qing)曰(yue):「越(yue)(yue)四封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,亲吾君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye),犹(you)父母也(ye),子而(er)思报(bao)(bao)父母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇,臣(chen)而(er)思报(bao)(bao)君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雠,其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)敢不(bu)(bu)尽力者(zhe)乎?请(qing)复(fu)战!」勾(gou)践既许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃致其(qi)(qi)众而(er)誓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue):「寡人(ren)闻古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤君(jun)(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)患(huan)其(qi)(qi)众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足也(ye),而(er)患(huan)其(qi)(qi)志行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少耻也(ye)。今夫(fu)差衣水犀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甲者(zhe),亿有(you)(you)三千,不(bu)(bu)患(huan)其(qi)(qi)行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少耻也(ye),而(er)患(huan)其(qi)(qi)众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足也(ye)。今寡人(ren)将助天灭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。吾不(bu)(bu)欲(yu)匹(pi)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇也(ye),欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)旅进旅退(tui)(tui)。进则思赏(shang),退(tui)(tui)则思刑;如(ru)此,则有(you)(you)常赏(shang);进不(bu)(bu)用命,退(tui)(tui)则无耻,如(ru)此,则有(you)(you)常刑。」果行,国人(ren)皆劝:父勉其(qi)(qi)子,兄(xiong)勉其(qi)(qi)弟(di),妇勉其(qi)(qi)夫(fu),曰(yue):「孰是吾君(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye),而(er)可无死乎?」是故(gu)败(bai)吴于囿,又(you)败(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于没,又(you)郊败(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
夫(fu)差行成(cheng),曰:「寡(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)徒,不(bu)足(zu)以(yi)辱(ru)君矣(yi),请(qing)以(yi)金玉子女赂君之(zhi)(zhi)辱(ru)!」勾践对曰:「昔天(tian)(tian)以(yi)越与吴(wu),而吴(wu)不(bu)受命(ming);今天(tian)(tian)以(yi)吴(wu)予越,越可以(yi)无听天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)而听君之(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)乎?吾(wu)(wu)请(qing)达王甬(yong)、句东,吾(wu)(wu)与君为二君乎!」夫(fu)差对曰;「寡(gua)人礼先壹饭矣(yi),君若不(bu)忘周(zhou)室(shi)而为弊邑宸宇,亦(yi)寡(gua)人之(zhi)(zhi)愿也。君若曰;『吾(wu)(wu)将残(can)汝社稷,灭(mie)汝宗庙。』寡(gua)人请(qing)死,余何面目以(yi)视于天(tian)(tian)下乎?越君其(qi)次也!」遂(sui)灭(mie)吴(wu)。此篇(pian)非古(gu)文观(guan)止所(suo)选,电子版初稿录入,姑从之(zhi)(zhi)。校以(yi)四部丛刊(kan)和(he)四
部(bu)备要本国语及(ji)汪(wang)远孙《考(kao)异》,异文(wen)多依丛刊,不一一注明。