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春秋左氏传注疏卷四十九 昭公二十年在线阅读

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卷四十九 昭公(gong)二十年

  【经】二十年,春,王正月(yue)。

夏,曹公孙会自鄸出奔宋。无传。尝有玉帛之使来告,故书。鄸,曹邑。
  ○鄸,莫公反(fan)(fan),一音亡(wang)增反(fan)(fan);《字(zi)林》音梦。案梦字(zi),《字(zi)林》亡(wang)忠反(fan)(fan)。使,所吏反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]注“尝有”至“曹邑”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:宣十(shi)年(nian)传例曰:“凡(fan)诸侯之(zhi)大夫违,告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)於(wu)(wu)诸侯曰:‘某(mou)氏之(zhi)守臣某(mou),失守宗庙,敢告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。’所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)之(zhi)使者(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)则(ze)否。”注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)之(zhi)使谓聘(pin)。恩(en)好(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。”如杜(du)(du)之(zhi)意,此(ci)(ci)为奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)身,尝有(you)(you)玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)之(zhi)使於(wu)(wu)彼国(guo)(guo),已经相接则(ze)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),若奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)未(wei)尝往聘(pin),恩(en)好(hao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)接,则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),唯告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)尝聘(pin)之(zhi)国(guo)(guo),馀不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)也。曹会(hui)(hui)曾(ceng)来(lai)聘(pin)鲁,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“尝有(you)(you)玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)之(zhi)使来(lai)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),故(gu)(gu)书(shu)”也。此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)二十(shi)二年(nian),“宋(song)华亥、向宁、华定(ding)自宋(song)南(nan)里(li)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)楚”,其(qi)文正(zheng)同。彼华亥等入南(nan)里(li)以(yi)(yi)叛(pan),又(you)从南(nan)里(li)出(chu)(chu)奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),则(ze)此(ci)(ci)亦应然(ran)。贾逵云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“前此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)鄸(meng)(meng)叛(pan)也,叛(pan)便从鄸(meng)(meng)而出(chu)(chu),叛(pan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)。”是言(yan)既以(yi)(yi)鄸(meng)(meng)叛(pan),又(you)从鄸(meng)(meng)而出(chu)(chu)也。南(nan)里(li)系(xi)宋(song),此(ci)(ci)鄸(meng)(meng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)系(xi)曹者(zhe)(zhe),鄸(meng)(meng)是大都(dou),得以(yi)(yi)名通。南(nan)里(li)是宋(song)都(dou)之(zhi)里(li),非(fei)别邑,故(gu)(gu)系(xi)於(wu)(wu)宋(song)。此(ci)(ci)鄸(meng)(meng)及定(ding)十(shi)一年(nian)萧,皆是别邑,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)系(xi)国(guo)(guo)也。曹是小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo),其(qi)臣书(shu)名者(zhe)(zhe)少,此(ci)(ci)会(hui)(hui)书(shu)名,盖备於(wu)(wu)礼,成为卿也。《释例》曰:小(xiao)(xiao)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)卿,“或命(ming)而礼仪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)备,或未(wei)加(jia)命(ming)数,故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)之(zhi)。邾(zhu)卑我之(zhi)等,其(qi)奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)亡亦多,所(suo)(suo)(suo)书(shu)唯数人(ren)(ren)而已,知其(qi)合制者(zhe)(zhe)少也”。杜(du)(du)言(yan)数人(ren)(ren),谓此(ci)(ci)公孙会(hui)(hui)与邾(zhu)快邾(zhu)卑我也。是杜(du)(du)意以(yi)(yi)会(hui)(hui)备礼成卿,故(gu)(gu)书(shu)名也。刘炫云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):《春(chun)秋(qiu)》未(wei)尝书(shu)曹人(ren)(ren)来(lai)聘(pin),非(fei)徒会(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)经。炫谓玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)之(zhi)使,谓国(guo)(guo)家所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)交好(hao)皆告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)之(zhi),非(fei)奔(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)身尝聘(pin)也。今贾又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)华亥、向宁、射姑等不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)有(you)(you)玉(yu)帛(bo)(bo)来(lai)聘(pin)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)时未(wei)为卿也。

秋,盗杀卫侯之兄絷。齐豹作而不义,故书曰盗,所谓求名而不得。
  ○絷,张立反。

[疏]注“齐豹”至“不得”。
  ○正义曰(yue)(yue)(yue):襄(xiang)十(shi)年(nian)郑尉止、司臣(chen)等(deng)杀子驷、子国,书(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“盗(dao)(dao)杀郑公子騑(fei)公子发”,尉止之(zhi)徒皆士,书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)为(wei)“盗(dao)(dao)”。释例曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“士杀大夫则(ze)书(shu)(shu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘盗(dao)(dao)’。”则(ze)此书(shu)(shu)“盗(dao)(dao)”贬之(zhi),使同於士也。三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)传(chuan)说《春秋》褒贬之(zhi)义云(yun):“或求名而(er)不(bu)得(de),或欲(yu)盖而(er)名章,惩不(bu)义也。齐(qi)豹为(wei)卫(wei)司寇,守嗣(si)大夫,作而(er)不(bu)义,其书(shu)(shu)为(wei)‘盗(dao)(dao)’。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“《春秋》书(shu)(shu)齐(qi)豹曰(yue)(yue)(yue)‘盗(dao)(dao)’,惩不(bu)义”也。宣十(shi)七年(nian)传(chuan)例曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“凡称弟(di)皆母弟(di)。”《公羊传(chuan)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“母兄(xiong)称兄(xiong)”。此絷与卫(wei)侯同母,故称兄(xiong)。

冬,十月,宋华亥、向宁、华定出奔陈。与君争而出,皆书名,恶之。
  ○华,户(hu)化反(fan)。争,争斗之(zhi)争。恶,乌路(lu)反(fan)。

十有一月辛卯,蔡侯卢卒。无传。未同盟而赴以名。
  ○卢(lu),力乌反(fan)(fan);本又作庐,力於反(fan)(fan)。

【传】二十年,春,王二月,已(yi)丑,日南至。(是岁(sui)朔旦(dan),冬(dong)至之岁(sui)也(ye)。当(dang)言(yan)正(zheng)月已(yi)丑朔,日南至。时史失闰,闰更(geng)在二月后。故经(jing)因(yin)史而书正(zheng)月,传更(geng)具於二月,记南至日,以正(zheng)历也(ye)。)

[疏]注“是岁”至“历也”。
  ○正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义曰(yue):历法(fa),十九年(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)一章(zhang),章(zhang)首之(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui),必周之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)(shuo)旦(dan)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。僖五年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)辛亥(hai)朔(shuo)(shuo),日(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)(shi)章(zhang)首之(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)。计僖五年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往(wang)年(nian)(nian)合一百三十三年(nian)(nian),是(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)七(qi)章(zhang)。今年(nian)(nian)复(fu)为(wei)(wei)章(zhang)首,故(gu)(gu)云(yun)“是(shi)(shi)岁(sui)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)冬(dong)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)也(ye)(ye)。朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)冬(dong)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“谓正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo)当(dang)言(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou)(chou)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)南(nan)(nan)”至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“今传(chuan)乃(nai)云(yun):“二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou)(chou),日(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。是(shi)(shi)错名(ming)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。历之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法(fa),往(wang)年(nian)(nian)十二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)宜置闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),即(ji)此年(nian)(nian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)当(dang)是(shi)(shi)往(wang)年(nian)(nian)闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),此年(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)(gu)朔(shuo)(shuo)日(ri)已(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou)(chou),日(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。时(shi)(shi)史失(shi)闰(run)(run)(run),往(wang)年(nian)(nian)错不(bu)(bu)置闰(run)(run)(run),闰(run)(run)(run)更在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),传(chuan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)下,乃(nai)云(yun):“闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)戊辰,杀宣姜。”是(shi)(shi)闰(run)(run)(run)在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)也(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)而云(yun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)后(hou)(hou)者(zhe),以正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)前当(dang)置闰(run)(run)(run),二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)即(ji)不(bu)(bu)可,故(gu)(gu)据二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)。时(shi)(shi)史谓闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)(gu)经(jing)因史而书正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),从(cong)其误(wu)而书之(zhi)(zhi)。传(chuan)以经(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)实非正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),更具於(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)记南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),以正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)历之(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)也(ye)(ye)。日(ri)南(nan)(nan)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),谓冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),周之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)中气(qi)(qi)。历法(fa)闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)无中气(qi)(qi),中气(qi)(qi)必在(zai)(zai)(zai)前月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)内。时(shi)(shi)史误(wu)以闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),而置冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)朔(shuo)(shuo),既不(bu)(bu)晓历数,故(gu)(gu)闰(run)(run)(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)与冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悉皆错也(ye)(ye)。杜(du)下注(zhu)云(yun)“时(shi)(shi)鲁侯(hou)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)登台之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li),使梓慎(shen)望气(qi)(qi)”。是(shi)(shi)杜(du)意以为(wei)(wei)时(shi)(shi)鲁之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)臣知(zhi)此已(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou)(chou)是(shi)(shi)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),但不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)其不(bu)(bu)合在(zai)(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)耳。服(fu)虔云(yun):梓慎(shen)知(zhi)失(shi)闰(run)(run)(run),二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)(gu)独以二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)望气(qi)(qi)。则服(fu)意以为(wei)(wei)当(dang)时(shi)(shi)鲁人置冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)内,独梓慎(shen)知(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)已(yi)(yi)(yi)丑(chou)(chou)(chou)是(shi)(shi)真冬(dong)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。其义或当(dang)然也(ye)(ye)。

梓慎望氛,氛,气也。时鲁侯不行登台之礼,使梓慎望气。
  ○氛,芳云反。曰:“今兹宋有乱,国几亡,三年而后弭。蔡有大丧。”为宋华、向出奔,蔡侯卒传。
  ○几音祈,又音机。弭,弥尔反。叔孙昭子曰:“然则戴、桓也。戴族,华氏;桓族,向氏。汏侈,无礼已甚,乱所在也。”传言妖由人兴。
  ○汏音泰。

费无极言於楚子曰:“建与伍奢将以方城之外叛,自以为犹宋、郑也。齐、晋又交辅之,将以害楚,其事集矣。”王信之,问伍奢。伍奢对曰:“君一过多矣,一过,纳建妻。何信於谗?”王执伍奢。忿奢切言。使城父司马奋扬杀大子。未至,而使遣之。知大子冤,故遣令去。
  ○奋(fen),方问反(fan)。冤,於元(yuan)反(fan)。令,力呈(cheng)反(fan)。三月,大子建奔宋。王召奋(fen)扬,奋(fen)扬使城父人执已以至。

[疏]“城父人”。
  ○正义曰:服虔云:城父人,城父大夫也(ye)。

王曰:“言出於余口,入於尔耳,谁告建也?”对曰:“臣告之。君王命臣曰:‘事建如事余。’臣不佞,佞,才也。不能苟贰。奉初以还,奉初命以周旋。不忍后命,故遣之。既而悔之,亦无及已。”王曰:“而敢来,何也?”对曰:“使而失命,召而不来,是再奸也。奸,犯也。
  ○使而,所吏反,又如字。奸音干。逃无所入。”王曰:“归,从政如他日。”善其言,舍使还。
  ○还音环,下还豹同。无极曰:“奢之子材,若在吴,必忧楚国,盍以免其父召之。彼仁,必来。不然,将为患。”王使召之,曰:“来,吾免而父。”棠君尚谓其弟员棠君,奢之长子尚也,为棠邑大夫。员,尚弟子胥。
  ○盍,户腊反。棠君尚,君或作尹。员音云。长,丁丈反。曰:“尔適吴,我将归死。吾知不逮,自以知不及员。
  ○知音智,注及下知也同。一音如字。逮音代,一音大计反。我能死,尔能报。闻免父之命,不可以莫之奔也;亲戚为戮,不可以莫之报也。奔死免父,孝也;度功而行,仁也;仁者贵成功。
  ○度,待洛反。择任而往,知也;员任报雠。
  ○任音壬,注同。知死不辟,勇也。尚为勇。父不可弃,俱去为弃父。名不可废,俱死为废名。尔其勉之!相从为愈。”愈,差也。
  ○差,初卖反。

[疏]“尔其”至“为愈”。
  ○正义曰(yue):勉谓(wei)(wei)努(nu)力“尔其勉之”,今勉力报雠,比於相(xiang)(xiang)从(cong)俱死(si)为愈(yu)也(ye)(ye)。病差谓(wei)(wei)之愈(yu)。言(yan)其胜共死(si)也(ye)(ye)。服(fu)(fu)虔云:“相(xiang)(xiang)从(cong)愈(yu)於共死(si)”,则服(fu)(fu)意相(xiang)(xiang)从(cong),使员(yuan)从(cong)其言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。语法(fa),两人交互乃(nai)得(de)称相(xiang)(xiang),独使员(yuan)从(cong)己,语不得(de)为相(xiang)(xiang)从(cong)也(ye)(ye)。

伍尚归。奢闻员不来,曰:“楚君、大夫其旰食乎!”将有吴忧,不得早食。
  ○旰,古旦反。楚人皆杀之。员如吴,言伐楚之利於州于。州于,吴子僚。
  ○僚,力彫反。公子光曰:“是宗为戮,而欲反其雠,不可从也。”光,吴公子阖庐也。反,复也。员曰:“彼将有他志,光欲弑僚,不利员用事,故破其议,而员亦知之。余姑为之求士,而鄙以待之。”计未得用,故进勇士以求入於光,退居边鄙。
  ○姑为,于伪反。乃见鱄设诸焉,鱄诸,勇士。
  ○见,贤(xian)遍(bian)反。鱄(zhuan)音专。

[疏]“乃见鱄设诸焉”。
  ○正义曰:见(jian),谓为之(zhi)绍介,使之(zhi)见(jian)光。下文齐豹见(jian)宗鲁(lu)於公孟亦然(ran)。犹《论语》云“门(men)人见(jian)之(zhi)”也。

而耕於鄙。为二十七年吴弑僚传。
  ○弑,申(shen)志反。

宋元公无信多私,而恶华、向。华定、华亥与向宁谋曰:“亡愈於死,先诸?”恐元公杀已,欲先作乱。
  ○恶,音恶路反。华亥伪有疾,以诱群公子。公子问之,则执之。夏六月丙申,杀父子寅、公子御戎、公子朱、公子固、公孙援、公孙丁,拘向胜、向行於其廪。八子皆公党。
  ○御,鱼吕(lv)反(fan),又如(ru)字。援,于(yu)养反(fan)。拘,九(jiu)于(yu)反(fan)。廪(lin),力甚反(fan)。公(gong)如(ru)华(hua)氏请焉,弗许(xu),遂(sui)劫之(zhi)。劫公(gong)。

[疏]“公如华氏请焉”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:公未知诸(zhu)人已死,故(gu)犹往请之(zhi)。

癸卯,取大子栾与母弟辰、公子地以为质。栾,景公也。辰及地皆元公弟。
  ○栾,力官(guan)反。质,音致,下同。辰及地皆元(yuan)公弟(di)。案公子(zi)辰是景(jing)公之(zhi)母弟(di),地是辰兄,皆当为(wei)元(yuan)公之(zhi)子(zi)。今注皆作“元(yuan)公弟(di)”,误耳。

[疏]注“栾景”至“公弟”。
  ○正义曰:定十年经书“宋(song)公(gong)(gong)之弟(di)辰”,当景公(gong)(gong)之世,辰及弟(di)不得为元公(gong)(gong)弟(di)也。《世族(zu)谱》:“辰、地皆云元公(gong)(gong)子。”此诸本(ben)皆云“元公(gong)(gong)弟(di)”。当时转(zhuan)写误耳(er)。

公亦取开亥之子无慼、向宁之子罗、华定之子启,与华氏盟,以为质。为此冬华、向出奔传。
  ○慼,干历反。

卫公孟絷狎齐豹,公孟,灵公兄也。齐豹,齐恶之子,为卫司寇。狎,轻也。
  ○狎,户甲反。夺之司寇与鄄。鄄,豹邑。
  ○鄄音绢。有役则反之,无则取之。絷足不良,故有役则以官邑还豹使行。公孟恶北宫喜、褚师圃,欲去之。喜,贞子。
  ○恶,乌路反,褚,中吕反。圃,布五反。去,起吕反。公子朝通于襄夫人宣姜,宣姜,灵公嫡母。
  ○朝,如字。嫡,丁历反;本又作適。惧,而欲以作乱。故齐豹、北宫喜、褚师圃、公子朝作乱。初齐豹见宗鲁於公孟,荐,达也。
  ○见,贤遍反。为骖乘焉。为公孟骖乘。
  ○骖,七南反。乘,绳证反,注及下骖乘与乘一、乘驷、乘就、公乘皆同。将作乱,而谓之曰:“公孟之不善,子所知也,勿与乘,吾将杀之。”对曰:“吾由子事公孟,子假吾名焉,故不吾远也。言子借我以善名,故公孟亲近我。
  ○与音预,又如字。远,于迈反。借,子夜反。近,附近之近。虽其不善,吾亦知之;抑以利故,不能去,是吾过也。今闻难而逃,是僣子也。使子言不信也。
  ○难,乃旦(dan)反。僣(tie),子念反。子行事乎(hu),吾(wu)将死之,以周事子;周犹终竟(jing)也(ye)。

[疏]注“周犹终竟(jing)也”。正义曰(yue):杜意(yi)终不泄子言,是终事子,即(ji)谓(wei)杀公(gong)孟之(zhi)言。

而归死於公孟,其可也。”丙辰,卫侯在平寿。平寿,卫下邑。公孟有事於盖获之门外,有事,祭也。盖获,卫郭门。齐子氏帷於门外,而伏甲焉。齐豹之家。使祝鼃寘戈於车薪以当门,要其前也。
  ○鼃,乌娲反。寘,之豉反。要,一遥反。使一乘从公孟以出;亦如前车寘戈於薪,寻其后。
  ○从,如字,又才用反。使华齐御公孟,宗鲁骖乘。及闳中,闳,曲门中。
  ○华,户(hu)化反(fan),下(xia)同。闳音宏(hong)。

[疏]“使华齐御公孟”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:诸本(ben)皆“华”上(shang)有“使(shi)”字,计华齐(qi)是公孟之臣,自(zi)为公孟之御(yu),非(fei)齐(qi)氏所(suo)当使(shi),必不得有使(shi)字。学者以(yi)上(shang)文有“使(shi)祝鼃”,“使(shi)一乘(cheng)(cheng)”,下有“使(shi)华寅(yin)乘(cheng)(cheng)贰车(che)”,使(shi)华寅(yin)执盖,以(yi)此妄加“使(shi)”字。今(jin)定(ding)本(ben)有“使(shi)”,非(fei)也。

齐氏用戈击公孟,宗鲁以背蔽之,断肱,以中公孟之肩。皆杀之。公闻乱,乘,驱自阅门入。庆比御公,公南楚骖乘。使华寅乘贰车。公副车。
  ○断,丁管反(fan)。肱,古(gu)弘(hong)反(fan)。中,丁仲反(fan),下中南楚同。乘驱(qu),如字,又(you)绳证反(fan)。阅音悦。比如字,又(you)毗(pi)志反(fan)。

[疏]“乘驱自阅门”。
  ○正义曰:乘驱(qu)者(zhe),乘车而疾驱(qu)也。阅门者(zhe),卫(wei)城门,盖(gai)偏侧之门,其路远齐氏。

及公宫,鸿众2魋驷乘于公。鸿众2复就公乘,一车四人。
  ○众2音留。魋,徒回反。复,扶又反。公载宝以出。褚师子申遇公于马路之衢,遂从。从公出。
  ○衢,其俱反。从,才用反,注及下注同。过齐氏,使华寅肉袒,执盖以当其阙,肉袒,示不敢与齐氏争。执盖,蔽公而去。阙,空也。以盖当侍从空阙之处。
  ○袒,徒旱反。争,争斗之争。处,昌虑反。齐氏射公,中南楚之背,公遂出。寅闭郭门,不欲令追者出。
  ○射,食亦反。令,力呈反。逾而从公。逾郭出。
  ○从,才用反,又如字,下从公同。公如死鸟。死鸟,卫地。析朱鉏宵从窦出,徒行从公。朱鉏,成子黑背孙。
  ○析,星历反。鉏,仕居反。窦音豆。齐侯使公孙青聘于卫。青,顷公之孙。
  ○顷音倾。既出,闻卫乱,使请所聘。公曰:“犹在竟内,则卫君也。”乃将事焉,将事,行聘事。
  ○竟音境。遂从诸死鸟。请将事。辞曰:“亡人不佞,失守社稷,越在草莽,吾子无所辱君命。”宾曰:“寡君命下臣於朝曰:‘阿下执事。’阿,比也。命已使比卫臣下。
  ○莽,莫荡反。臣不敢贰。”贰,违命也。主人曰:“君若惠顾先君之好,昭临敝邑,镇抚其社稷,则有宗祧在。”言受聘当在宗庙也。
  ○好,呼报反。祧,他彫反。乃止。止,不行聘事。卫侯固请见之。欲以青相见。不获命,以其良马见,以为相见之礼。
  ○马见,贤遍反,下注容礼见同。为未致使故也。未致使,故不敢以客礼见。
  ○为,于伪反。使,所吏反,注同。

[疏]注“未致”至“礼见”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:客礼见(jian)者,若已致君命(ming),则享有庭实,复有私(si)觌(di)私(si)面之(zhi)礼。今为未(wei)致使,故但以(yi)良(liang)马(ma)见(jian)也(ye)。

卫侯以为乘马。喜其敬己,故贵其物。
  ○乘,绳证反,又如字。宾将掫,掫,行夜。
  ○掫,侧九反,又祖侯(hou)反。行(xing),下(xia)孟反。

[疏]注“掫,行夜”。
  ○正义曰(yue):下云(yun)“终夕(xi)与於燎”。故知掫是行夜也。《说文》云(yun):“掫,夜戒(jie)有所击(ji)也。从手取声”。

主人辞曰:“亡人之忧,不可以及吾子;草莽之中,不足以辱从者。敢辞。”宾曰:“寡君之下臣,君之牧圉也。若不获扞外役,是不有寡君也。有,相亲有。
  ○从,才用反。圉,鱼吕反。扞,户旦反。臣惧不免於戾,请以除死。”亲执铎,终夕与於燎。设火燎以备守。
  ○铎,待洛(luo)反(fan)。与(yu)(yu)音(yin)预(yu),下(xia)不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)闻谋(mou)、与(yu)(yu)於(wu)青(qing)之(zhi)赏(shang)同。燎(liao),九召反(fan)。又力吊反(fan)。一(yi)本作终(zhong)夕与(yu)(yu)於(wu)燎(liao)。齐氏(shi)之(zhi)宰(zai)渠子召北(bei)宫子。北(bei)宫喜(xi)(xi)也。北(bei)宫氏(shi)之(zhi)宰(zai)不(bu)(bu)与(yu)(yu)闻谋(mou),杀渠子,遂伐齐氏(shi),灭(mie)之(zhi)。丁(ding)巳晦,公(gong)入(ru),与(yu)(yu)北(bei)宫喜(xi)(xi)盟于彭(peng)水之(zhi)上。喜(xi)(xi)本与(yu)(yu)齐氏(shi)同谋(mou),故公(gong)先与(yu)(yu)喜(xi)(xi)盟。

[疏]“丁巳晦”。
  ○正义曰:丙辰丁巳乃是频日(ri)(ri)(ri),其(qi)事既多,不(bu)应二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之中并为此事。今杜(du)不(bu)云(yun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)误者,以(yi)误在(zai)(zai)可知(zhi),故(gu)杜(du)不(bu)言(yan)。且宣二(er)(er)年“壬(ren)申,朝于武官”。注云(yun):“壬(ren)申,十月(yue)(yue)(yue)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)。既有(you)日(ri)(ri)(ri)而无(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue),冬又(you)在(zai)(zai)壬(ren)申下,明(ming)传(chuan)文无(wu)较例。”又(you)注哀(ai)十二(er)(er)年传(chuan)云(yun):“此事,经在(zai)(zai)‘十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)螽’上(shang),今倒在(zai)(zai)下,更具列其(qi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)以(yi)为别者,丘明(ming)本(ben)不(bu)以(yi)为义例,故(gu)不(bu)皆齐同。”如杜(du)此言(yan),或传(chuan)因简(jian)牍之辞(ci),不(bu)复(fu)具显其(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)。刘炫以(yi)为日(ri)(ri)(ri)误而规(gui)杜(du)氏,非也。

秋七月戊(wu)午(wu)朔(shuo),遂(sui)盟国人(ren)。八月辛亥,公子(zi)朝(chao)、褚师圃、子(zi)玉(yu)霄、子(zi)高鲂出奔(ben)晋。皆齐(qi)氏党。闰月戊(wu)辰,杀宣姜(jiang)。与公子(zi)朝(chao)通(tong)谋故(gu)。卫侯赐北宫(gong)喜谥(shi)曰贞子(zi),灭齐(qi)氏故(gu)。

[疏]“贞子”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:谥法“外内用(yong)情曰贞(zhen)”。

赐析朱(zhu)鉏谥(shi)曰成子(zi),霄从公故。而(er)以齐(qi)氏之(zhi)墓(mu)予之(zhi)。皆(jie)未死(si)而(er)赐谥(shi)及墓(mu)田,传(chuan)终而(er)言(yan)之(zhi)。卫(wei)侯告宁于齐(qi),且言(yan)子(zi)石。子(zi)石,公孙青,言(yan)其(qi)有(you)礼。

[疏]注“子石公孙青”。
  ○正义曰:案(an)《世本》,倾公生子夏胜,胜生子石青是也。

齐侯将饮酒,徧赐大夫曰:“二三子之教也。”喜青敬卫侯。
  ○徧音遍。苑何忌辞,曰:“与於青之赏,必及于其罚。何忌,齐大夫。言青若有罪,亦当并受其罚。
  ○苑,於元反(fan)。在《康(kang)诰(gao)》曰(yue),父子(zi)兄弟(di),罪不(bu)相及,《尚(shang)书·康(kang)诰(gao)》。

[疏]“在康”至“相及”。
  ○正义曰:此(ci)非《康诰(gao)》之全文,引其(qi)意而言之。其(qi)本文云(yun)(yun):“子(zi)(zi)弗(fu)祗服厥父事,大伤厥考心(xin)。于(yu)父不(bu)(bu)(bu)能字(zi)厥子(zi)(zi),乃疾厥子(zi)(zi)。于(yu)弟弗(fu)念天显,乃弗(fu)克恭厥兄(xiong)(xiong);兄(xiong)(xiong)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)念鞠子(zi)(zi)哀,大不(bu)(bu)(bu)友于(yu)弟。惟吊兹,不(bu)(bu)(bu)于(yu)我政人(ren)得(de)(de)罪。”孔安国云(yun)(yun):“至(zhi)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)慈弗(fu)友不(bu)(bu)(bu)恭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)於我执(zhi)政之人(ren)得(de)(de)罪乎!道教不(bu)(bu)(bu)至(zhi)所致(zhi)。”又曰:“文王(wang)作罚,刑兹无赦(she)。”言刑此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)慈之人(ren)无赦(she)也。刑不(bu)(bu)(bu)慈者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可刑其(qi)父又刑其(qi)子(zi)(zi);刑不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可刑其(qi)子(zi)(zi)又刑其(qi)父。是为父子(zi)(zi)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟,罪不(bu)(bu)(bu)相及。

况在群臣?臣敢贪君赐以干先王?”言受赐,则犯《康诰》之义。琴张闻宗鲁死,琴张,孔子弟子,字子开,名牢。
  ○牢,力刀(dao)反。

[疏]注“琴张”至“名牢”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《家语》云(yun)“孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟子(zi)(zi)(zi)琴(qin)(qin)张与宗鲁友”。《七十(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)篇》云(yun),“琴(qin)(qin)牢卫人,字(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)开,一字(zi)张”,则以字(zi)配姓为琴(qin)(qin)张,即(ji)牢曰(yue)子(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)是也(ye)。贾逵(kui)、郑众皆以为子(zi)(zi)(zi)张即(ji)颛(zhuan)孙师(shi)。服(fu)虔(qian)云(yun):案《七十(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)传》云(yun),子(zi)(zi)(zi)张少孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)四十(shi)馀岁,孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是时(shi)四十(shi)一,未有子(zi)(zi)(zi)张。郑、贾之(zhi)说,不知所出。

将往吊之。仲尼曰:“齐豹之盗,而孟絷之贼,女何吊焉?言齐豹所以为盗,孟絷所以见贼,皆由宗鲁。
  ○女音汝。君子不食奸,如公孟不善而受其禄,是食奸也。不受乱,许豹行事,是受乱也不为利疚於回,疚,病;回,邪也。以利故不能去,是病身於邪。
  ○为,于伪反。疚,居又反。邪似嗟反,下同。不以回待人,知难不告,是以邪待人。
  ○难,乃(nai)旦反,下同。不(bu)盖(gai)不(bu)义(yi)(yi),以(yi)周(zhou)事豹,是盖(gai)不(bu)义(yi)(yi)。不(bu)犯非礼(li)。”以(yi)二心(xin)事絷,是非礼(li)。

宋华、向之乱,公子城、平公子。公孙忌、乐舍、舍,乐喜孙。司马彊、向宜、向郑、宜、郑皆向戌子。楚建、楚平王之亡大子。郳甲小邾穆公子。
  ○郳,五兮反。出奔郑。八子,宋大夫。皆公党,辟难出。其徒与华氏战于鬼阎,八子之徒众也。颍川长平县西北有阎亭。
  ○阎,似廉(lian)反,又似冉反。败子城。子城適(shi)晋。子城为(wei)(wei)华氏所(suo)败,别(bie)走至(zhi)晋。为(wei)(wei)明年子城以晋师至(zhi)起(qi)本。

[疏]“子城適晋”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:上(shang)云八子(zi)(zi)奔郑。而此(ci)又云適晋(jin)者,子(zi)(zi)城本意与七子(zi)(zi)同心奔郑,故上(shang)云奔郑。及其败后,遂率意適晋(jin)以请(qing)师。

华亥与其妻,必盥而食所质公子者,而后食。公与夫人每日必適华氏,食公子而后归。华亥患之,欲归公子。向宁曰:“唯不信,故质其子。若又归之,死无日矣。”公请於华费遂,将攻华氏。费遂,大司马,华氏族。
  ○盥,古缓反。而食音嗣,下食公子同。质音致,下同。费,扶味反。对曰:“臣不敢爱死,无乃求去忧而滋长乎!恐杀大子,忧益长。
  ○去,起吕反。长,丁丈反,注及下同。臣是以惧,敢不听命?”公曰:“子死亡有命,余不忍其訽。”訽,耻也。
  ○訽,许(xu)候反(fan),本或(huo)作诟,同。

[疏]“子死”至“其訽”。
  ○正义曰:言我(wo)子死(si)亡,自有天命。天命欲尽(jin),非人所免。我(wo)不(bu)忍其耻。欲丧子以伐之。

冬十月,公杀华、向之质而攻之。戊辰,华、向奔陈,华登奔吴。登,费遂之子,党华、向者。向宁欲杀大子。华亥曰:“干君而出,又杀其子,其谁纳我?且归之有庸。”可以为功善。使少司寇牼以归,以三公子归公也。牼,华亥。庶兄。
  ○少,诗照反,下注少皞同。牼,苦耕反。曰:“子之齿长矣,不能事人。以三公子为质,必免。”质,信也。送公子归,可以自明不叛之信。
  ○质,如字,注(zhu)同。

[疏]“不能事人”。
  ○正义曰(yue):言年(nian)齿既长,不能他国事人为臣(chen)。

公子既入,华牼将自门行。从公门去。公遽见之,执其手,曰:“余知而无罪也,入,复而所。”而,女也。所,所居官。
  ○遽,其据反。女音汝。

齐侯疥,遂痁,痁,疟疾。
  ○疥,旧音(yin)戒,梁(liang)元(yuan)帝(di)音(yin)该,依字(zi)则当作(zuo)痎(jie)。《说文》云,两日(ri)一发(fa)之疟也。痎(jie)音(yin)皆,后学之徒佥以戒字(zi)为误(wu)。案传例因事曰遂,若痎(jie)巳(si)是(shi)疟疾(ji),何为复言遂痁(dian)乎?痁(dian),失廉反。

[疏]“齐侯疥遂痁”。
  ○正义曰:后(hou)(hou)魏之(zhi)(zhi)世,尝使(shi)李绘聘梁。梁人袁狎(xia)与绘言(yan)(yan)及(ji)《春秋》说此事云(yun),疥(jie)(jie)当为痎(jie),痎(jie)是(shi)小(xiao)疟(nve)(nve)(nve),痁(dian)(dian)是(shi)大疟(nve)(nve)(nve)。<疒尔>患积久,以小(xiao)致大,非(fei)疥(jie)(jie)也。狎(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)所言(yan)(yan),梁王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)说也。案《说文》疥(jie)(jie),搔(sao)也。疟(nve)(nve)(nve),热(re)寒休作(zuo)。痁(dian)(dian)有热(re)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)。痎(jie),二(er)(er)日一发(fa)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)。今(jin)人疟(nve)(nve)(nve)有二(er)(er)日一发(fa),亦有频日发(fa)者(zhe),俗(su)人仍(reng)呼二(er)(er)日一发(fa)。久不差者(zhe)为痎(jie)疟(nve)(nve)(nve),则梁王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)信而有徵(zhi)也。是(shi)齐侯之(zhi)(zhi)疟(nve)(nve)(nve),初二(er)(er)日一发(fa)。后(hou)(hou)遂频日热(re)发(fa),故曰疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian)(dian)。以此久不差,故诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)宾(bin)问疾者(zhe)多(duo)在齐也。若其不然,疥(jie)(jie)搔(sao)小(xiao)患,与疟(nve)(nve)(nve)不类,何云(yun)疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian)(dian)乎?徐(xu)仙民音作(zuo)疥(jie)(jie),是(shi)先儒旧说皆(jie)为疥(jie)(jie)遂痁(dian)(dian),初疥(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)疟(nve)(nve)(nve)耳。今(jin)定本亦作(zuo)疥(jie)(jie)。

期而不瘳。诸侯之宾问疾者多在。多在齐。
  ○期音(yin)基。瘳,敕留反。

[疏]“期而”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:期(qi),三(san)(san)百(bai)有(you)六旬又(you)六日(ri)(ri),法天数(shu)三(san)(san)百(bai)六十五(wu)度四分度之一(yi)。帝言(yan)闰(run)从全数(shu),故言(yan)三(san)(san)百(bai)六十又(you)六日(ri)(ri),合(he)五(wu)百(bai)六十五(wu)日(ri)(ri)又(you)四分度之一(yi)分,欠三(san)(san)分不成六日(ri)(ri)。大月却还天期(qi)十度,小月不尽置闰(run)。

梁丘据与裔款二子,齐嬖大夫。
  ○裔,以制反。嬖,必计反。言於公曰:“吾事鬼神丰,於先君有加矣。今君疾病,为诸侯忧,是祝、史之罪也。诸侯不知,其谓我不敬,君盍诛於祝固、史嚚以辞宾?”欲杀嚚、固以辞谢来问疾之宾。
  ○盍,户腊反。嚚,鱼巾反。

[疏]注“欲杀嚚固”。
  ○正义曰:服虔云(yun):祝(zhu)固,齐(qi)大(da)祝(zhu),史(shi)(shi)(shi)嚚(yin),大(da)史(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。谓祝(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)固陋(lou)嚚(yin)闇,不能尽礼(li)荐美(mei),至於(wu)鬼神(shen)怒(nu)也(ye)。其意以(yi)(yi)为(wei)请诛祝(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)嚚(yin)闇固陋(lou)者,嚚(yin)、固非人名也(ye)。案(an),庄(zhuang)三十(shi)二年,“神(shen)降(jiang)於(wu)莘。虢公使祝(zhu)应、宗区(qu)、史(shi)(shi)(shi)嚚(yin)享焉。”彼是人名,则此亦名也(ye)。《世族谱(pu)》齐(qi)杂人内有(you)祝(zhu)固、史(shi)(shi)(shi)嚚(yin)。此云(yun)欲杀嚚(yin)、固,是杜必以(yi)(yi)为(wei)人名也(ye)。

公说,告晏子。晏子曰:“日宋之盟,日,往日也。宋盟在襄二十七年。
  ○说音悦。屈建问范会之德於赵武。赵武曰:‘夫子之家事治;言於晋国,竭情无私。其祝、史祭祀,陈信不愧;其家事无猜,其祝、史不祈。’家无猜疑之事,故祝史无求於鬼神。
  ○屈,居勿反(fan)。治,直吏反(fan)。愧,九位反(fan),本又作(zuo)媿。猜,七才(cai)反(fan)。

[疏]“晏子曰”至“不祈”。
  ○正义曰(yue):彼传(chuan)赵武对曰(yue),“夫(fu)子(zi)之(zhi)家事治;言(yan)(yan)於晋国,无隐(yin)情。其祝、史陈信於鬼神无愧辞(ci)”。此晏子(zi)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi),其辞(ci)微(wei)多於彼,其意亦(yi)不(bu)异也。

建以语康王。楚王。
  ○语,鱼据反。康王曰:“神(shen)、人无怨,宜(yi)夫子之(zhi)光辅(fu)五君以为诸(zhu)侯主也。”五君,文、襄、灵、成、景。

[疏]“光辅五君”。
  ○正义曰:文公为戎右,襄(xiang)、灵为大夫,成公为卿,景公为大傅。

公(gong)曰:“据与(yu)款谓寡人(ren)能事(shi)鬼神(shen),故欲诛于祝、史(shi),子称是语,何故?”对(dui)曰:“若有德(de)之君,外内不废,无(wu)废事(shi)。上(shang)下无(wu)怨,动(dong)无(wu)违事(shi),其祝、史(shi)荐(jian)信,无(wu)愧心(xin)矣。君有功(gong)德(de),祝史(shi)陈说之,无(wu)所(suo)愧。

[疏]“上下无怨”。
  ○正义曰:此犹如《孝经》“上(shang)下(xia)无怨(yuan)也”。言人臣及民,上(shang)下(xia)无相怨(yuan)耳。服(fu)虔云(yun):上(shang)下(xia)谓人、神无怨(yuan)。即如服(fu)言,下(xia)云(yun)“上(shang)下(xia)怨(yuan)疾”,复(fu)是人与神相怨(yuan)疾也。

是以鬼神用飨,国受其福,祝、史与焉。与受国福。
  ○与焉音预,注同,下祝史与焉亦同。其所以蕃祉老寿者,为信君使也,其言忠信於鬼神。其適遇淫君,外内颇邪,上下怨疾,动作辟违,从欲厌私,使私情厌足。
  ○蕃音烦。祉音耻。为,于伪反,又如字,下为暴君使同。颇,普何反。邪,似嗟反。辟,匹亦反。从,子用反,下淫从同,或音如字。厌,於艳反,注同。高台深池,撞锺舞女。斩刈民力,输掠其聚,掠,夺取也。
  ○撞(zhuang),直江反。刈,本又作艾,鱼废反。掠(lve)音亮(liang),聚才住反,又如字。

[疏]“输掠其聚”。
  ○正义曰:输,堕也。故为(wei)堕毁,夺其所(suo)聚(ju)之物。

以成(cheng)其违,不恤后人。暴虐淫从,肆行非(fei)度,无(wu)所还忌,还犹(you)顾也。

[疏]“肆行非度”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:肆,纵(zong)恣也。恣意行非(fei)法度之事(shi)也。

不思谤讟,不惮鬼神。神怒民痛,无悛於心。其祝、史荐信,是言罪也;以实白神,是为言君之罪。
  ○讟(du),徒木反(fan)(fan)。悛,七全(quan)反(fan)(fan)。

[疏]“不思谤讟”。
  ○正义曰:俗(su)本(ben)(ben)作畏,定本(ben)(ben)作思。

其盖失数美,是矫诬也。盖,掩也。
  ○数,所主反(fan)。矫(jiao),居表反(fan)。

[疏]“其盖”至“诬也”。
  ○正义曰:掩盖愆失,妄数美(mei)善,是矫(jiao)诈(zha)诬罔(wang)也(ye)。

进退无辞,则虚以求媚。作虚辞以求媚於神。
  ○媚,眉记反。是以鬼神不飨其国以祸之,祝、史与焉。所以天昏孤疾者,为暴君使也,其言僣嫚於鬼神。”公曰:“然则若之何?”对曰:“不可为也:言非诛祝、史所能治。
  ○僣,子念反,下僣令同。嫚,武谏反。山林之木,衡鹿守之;泽之萑蒲,舟鲛守之;薮之薪蒸,虞候守之;海之盐、蜃,祈望守之。衡鹿、舟鲛、虞候、祈望,皆官名也。言公专守山泽之利,不与民共。
  ○萑(huan)音丸(wan)。鲛音交(jiao)。薮,素口反。蒸,之丞反。粗曰薪,细曰蒸。蜃,巿轸反。

[疏]注“衡鹿”至“民共”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《周礼(li)》,司徒(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,有(you)林衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),掌(zhang)巡(xun)林麓(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁。郑玄(xuan)云:“衡,平也(ye)。平林麓(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)及所生者(zhe)。竹木生平地曰(yue)林,山足曰(yue)麓(lu)。”此置衡鹿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),守山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木,是其宜也(ye)。舟是行水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器,鲛是大(da)鱼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。泽中有(you)水(shui)有(you)鱼,故(gu)以(yi)舟鲛为(wei)官(guan)名也(ye)。《周礼(li)》山泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)皆名为(wei)虞,“每(mei)大(da)泽大(da)薮,中士四人(ren)”。郑玄(xuan)云,虞,度(du)也(ye)。度(du)知山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)小(xiao)及所生者(zhe)。泽,水(shui)所锺也(ye),水(shui)希曰(yue)薮。则薮是少水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽,立(li)官(guan)使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候(hou)望,故(gu)以(yi)虞候(hou)为(wei)名也(ye)。海是水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)神,有(you)时祈望祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因以(yi)祈望为(wei)主海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)也(ye)。此皆齐自(zi)立(li)名,故(gu)与《周礼(li)》不同。山泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)当与民共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),言公立(li)此官(guan),使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守掌(zhang),专山泽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li),不与民共,故(gu)鬼(gui)神怒(nu)而加病也(ye)。

县鄙之人,入从其政;逼介之关,暴征其私;介,隔也。迫近国都之关。言边鄙既入服政役,又为近关所征税相暴,夺其私物。
  ○其政,如字,一音征(zheng)。逼,彼力反。介音界。近(jin),附近(jin)之近(jin)。

[疏]注“介隔”至“私物”。
  ○正义曰:《聘礼(li)》“及竟(jing)(jing)谒关(guan)人(ren)”,郑(zheng)玄云:“古者竟(jing)(jing)上(shang)为关(guan)。”又《周礼(li)·司关(guan)》注云“关(guan),界(jie)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)门(men)”。然则礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)正法,国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)竟(jing)(jing)界(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)乃有关(guan)耳,自竟(jing)(jing)至国(guo)(guo)更(geng)无关(guan)也(ye)(ye)。齐於竟(jing)(jing)内更(geng)复置(zhi)关(guan),不与常礼(li)同(tong),以(yi)隔外内,故(gu)注介为隔也(ye)(ye)。迫近(jin)(jin)国(guo)(guo)都为关(guan),以(yi)隔边鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)。县鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)入从(cong)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)政役,近(jin)(jin)关(guan)又征(zheng)税(shui),夺其私(si)物而使民困也(ye)(ye)。

承嗣大夫,强易其贿。承嗣大夫,世位者。
  ○强,其丈反(fan)。贿,呼罪反(fan)。布常(chang)无艺(yi),艺(yi),法(fa)(fa)制(zhi)也。言布政无法(fa)(fa)制(zhi)。

[疏]“布常无艺”。正义曰:布其(qi)寻常之政,无准(zhun)艺。

徵敛无度;宫室日更,淫乐不违。违,去也。内宠之妾,肆夺於巿;肆,放也。外宠之臣,僣令於鄙。诈为教令於边鄙。私欲养求,不给则应。养,长也。所求不给则应之以罪。
  ○应,应对之应,注同。长(zhang),丁丈(zhang)反(fan)。

[疏]“私欲”至“则应”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):言此(ci)嬖宠之臣(chen),私有所欲,长(zhang)养其情,求(qiu)物共之,民不(bu)共给,则应(ying)之以罪(zui)。

民人苦病,夫妇皆诅。祝有益也,诅亦有损。聊、摄以东,聊、摄,齐西界也。平原聊城县东北有摄城。
  ○诅(zu),庄虑反(fan)。祝,之(zhi)又反(fan),下善祝同。姑、尢以西,姑、尢齐东(dong)界也。姑水、尢水皆在城阳郡(jun)东(dong)南入海。

[疏]“聊摄”至“以西”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:聊、摄、姑(gu)、尢皆(jie)是(shi)邑(yi)也。管仲夸楚,言其(qi)竟界所(suo)至,故远举河海也。晏子(zi)言其(qi)人多(duo),故唯举属(shu)邑(yi)言之也。

其为人也多矣。虽其善祝,岂能胜亿兆人之诅?万万曰亿,万亿曰兆。
  ○亿,於力反。君若欲诛於祝、史,脩德而后可。”公说,使有司宽政,毁关,去禁,薄敛,已责。除逋责。
  ○说(shuo)音悦。去,起吕反,下(xia)以去其(qi)否(fou)同。敛(lian),力验反。责(ze)本又作债,同。逋,布胡反。

十二月,齐侯田于沛,言疾愈行猎。沛,泽名。
  ○沛音贝。招虞人以弓,不进。虞人,掌山泽之官。公使执之。辞曰:“昔我先君之田也,旃以招大夫,弓以招士,皮冠以招虞人。臣不见皮冠,故不敢进。”乃舍之。仲尼曰:“守道不如守官。”君招当往,道之常也。非物不进,官之制也。
  ○旃,之然反。

[疏]“旃以”至“虞人”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《周礼》“孤卿建旃(zhan)”,大夫(fu)尊,故麾旃(zhan)以(yi)招之也(ye)。《逸(yi)诗》“翘翘车(che)乘,招我以(yi)弓(gong)”。古者(zhe),聘士以(yi)弓(gong),故弓(gong)以(yi)招土也(ye)。诸侯服皮(pi)冠以(yi)田(tian),虞人掌田(tian)猎(lie),故皮(pi)冠以(yi)招虞人也(ye)。

君子韪之。韪,是也。
  ○韪,于鬼反。齐侯至自田,晏子侍于遄台,子犹驰而造焉。子犹,梁丘据。
  ○田,本亦作佃,音同。遄,巿专反。造,七报反。公曰:“唯据与我和夫!”晏子对曰:“据亦同也,焉得为和?”公曰:“和与同异乎!”对曰:“异。和如羹焉,水、火、醯、醢、盐、梅,以烹鱼肉,燀之以薪,燀,炊也。
  ○夫音扶。焉(yan),於虔(qian)反(fan)。羹音庚,旧音衡(heng)。醯,呼兮反(fan)。醢音海。烹,普庚反(fan),煮也(ye)。燀,章善反(fan),燃也(ye)。炊(chui),昌垂反(fan)。

[疏]“醯醢盐梅”。
  ○正义曰:醯(xi),酢(zuo)也。醢(hai),肉酱也。梅(mei)(mei),果实(shi)似(si)杏而(er)醋。《礼记(ji)·内(nei)则》炮豚之法云“调之以醯(xi)醢(hai)”,《尚书·说命》云“若(ruo)作(zuo)和羹,尔(er)惟盐梅(mei)(mei)”。是古(gu)人调鼎(ding)用梅(mei)(mei)醢(hai)也。此说和羹而(er)不言(yan)豉,古(gu)人未有(you)豉也。《礼记(ji)·内(nei)则》、《楚辞·招魂》备(bei)论饮食而(er)言(yan)不及豉。史游《急就篇》乃有(you)芜荑盐豉。盖秦汉以来始为之耳。

宰夫和之,齐之以味,济其不及,以泄其过。济,益也。泄,减也。
  ○齐,才细反(fan),又如字(zi)。泄,息列(lie)反(fan)。

[疏]“齐之”至“其过”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):齐之者(zhe)(zhe),使酸咸適中,济益其味(wei),不足者(zhe)(zhe),泄减其味(wei)大过者(zhe)(zhe)。

君子食之,以平其心。君臣亦然。亦如羹君所谓可而有否焉,否,不可也。臣献其否,以成其可;献君之否,以成君可。君所谓否而有可焉,臣献其可,以去其否,是以政平而不干,民无争心。故《诗》曰:‘亦有和羹,既戒既平。《诗》颂殷中宗。言中宗能与贤者和齐可否,其政如羹,敬戒且平。和羹备五味,异於大羹。
  ○争,争斗之争。和、齐并如字,一读上户卧反,下才细反。鬷嘏无言,时靡有争。’鬷,緫也。嘏,大也。言緫大政能使上下皆如和羹。
  ○鬷,子工反。嘏,古雅反。緫音揔。

[疏]“诗曰”至“有争”。
  ○正义曰:《诗》言殷王中宗非徒身自贤明,亦有和羹之臣,臣与其君可否相济,如宰夫之和齐羹也。此臣既敬戒其事矣,既志性和平矣。中宗裛齐大政,自上及下无怨恨之言,时民无有相争斗讼者也,言其上下悉如和羹。
  ○注“诗颂”至“大羹”。
  ○正义曰:《诗·商颂·列祖》之(zhi)篇,祀中(zhong)宗(zong)之(zhi)诗也(ye)。中(zhong)宗(zong),殷王大(da)(da)戊,汤(tang)之(zhi)玄孙也(ye)。有桑穀之(zhi)异(yi)(yi),惧(ju)而(er)脩(xiu)德(de),殷道复兴,故表显之(zhi)号为(wei)中(zhong)宗(zong)。殷人(ren)祭其(qi)庙,述(shu)其(qi)德(de),而(er)歌此诗也(ye)。言亦有者(zhe),臣能谏君,君能改(gai)悔。亦者(zhe),两(liang)相(xiang)须之(zhi)意也(ye)。言中(zhong)宗(zong)能与臣之(zhi)贤者(zhe)和齐(qi)可否,其(qi)为(wei)政教,如宰夫和齐(qi)羹(geng)(geng)之(zhi)味(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)。敬戒且平,言此贤臣之(zhi)性行也(ye)。《乐记(ji)》云“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)不(bu)(bu)和”。郑玄云“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)肉(rou)湆,不(bu)(bu)调以盐菜”。桓二(er)年传云“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)不(bu)(bu)致(zhi)”,注云:“大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)肉(rou)汁(zhi),不(bu)(bu)致(zhi)五味(wei)(wei)(wei)。”和羹(geng)(geng)备五味(wei)(wei)(wei),异(yi)(yi)於大(da)(da)羹(geng)(geng)也(ye)。

注“鬷緫”至“和羹”。
  ○正义曰:鬷,总。嘏,大。《诗·毛(mao)传》文也。言中(zhong)宗(zong)为天(tian)子,总大政,能(neng)使上下皆(jie)如(ru)和羹焉。传引此诗,证民无争(zheng)(zheng)心,则以(yi)时靡有争(zheng)(zheng),谓时无有争(zheng)(zheng)也。

先王之济五味、济,成也。和五声也,以平其心,成其政也。声亦如味,一气,须气以动。
  ○一气,杜解以为人(ren)气也。服(fu)云,歌气也。

[疏]“一气”。
  ○正义曰:服(fu)虔云,歌气(qi)(qi)也。杜言,须气(qi)(qi)以动。则(ze)一气(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)主(zhu)为歌吹。人(ren)(ren)以气(qi)(qi)生,动皆由(you)气(qi)(qi),弹丝、击石莫不(bu)(bu)用气(qi)(qi),气(qi)(qi)是(shi)作乐(le)之主(zhu),故先言之。人(ren)(ren)作诸乐(le)皆须气(qi)(qi)以动,则(ze)与服(fu)不(bu)(bu)异(yi)。

二体,舞者(zhe)有(you)文武。

[疏]“二体”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:乐之动身体者,唯有(you)舞耳。文舞,执羽籥;武舞,执干戚(qi)。舞者,有(you)文武之二体。

三(san)类(lei),风、雅、颂(song)。

[疏]“三类”。
  ○正义曰:乐以歌诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)主,《诗(shi)(shi)(shi)》有风、雅、颂(song),其类(lei)各别。知三(san)(san)类(lei)是(shi)风、雅、颂(song)也。一(yi)国之事,诸侯之诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)风,天下之事,天子之诗(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)雅,成(cheng)功告神为(wei)(wei)颂(song)。是(shi)三(san)(san)者(zhe),类(lei)别各不同(tong)。

四物,杂用四方之物以成器。

[疏]“四物”。
  ○正(zheng)义(yi)曰:乐之所用八音之器金、石、丝、竹(zhu)、匏、土(tu)、革、木(mu),其物非一(yi)处能备,故杂用四方之物以成(cheng)器。

五声,宫、商、角、徵、羽。
  ○五声,宫为(wei)君,商为(wei)臣(chen),角(jiao)为(wei)民,徵为(wei)事,羽为(wei)物。徵,张(zhang)里反。

[疏]“五声”。
  ○正义曰:《汉(han)书(shu)·律(lv)历志》云:五声(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、商(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)乐(le)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谐八(ba)音(yin)(yin),荡涤人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪志,令(ling)(ling)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)正性,移风易俗也(ye)(ye)(ye)”。五声(sheng)(sheng)和,八(ba)音(yin)(yin)谐,而(er)(er)乐(le)成。商(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言章也(ye)(ye)(ye)。物(wu)(wu)成熟可章度(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。角(jiao)(jiao),触也(ye)(ye)(ye),物(wu)(wu)触地而(er)(er)出,戴芒(mang)角(jiao)(jiao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye),居中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang),畅四(si)方(fang),唱始(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)声(sheng)(sheng)纲也(ye)(ye)(ye)。徵(zhi)(zhi),祉也(ye)(ye)(ye),物(wu)(wu)盛大而(er)(er)藩祉也(ye)(ye)(ye)。羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),宇也(ye)(ye)(ye),物(wu)(wu)聚宇而(er)(er)覆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫声(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),触於(wu)(wu)角(jiao)(jiao),祉於(wu)(wu)徵(zhi)(zhi),章於(wu)(wu)商(shang)(shang),宇於(wu)(wu)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),故(gu)四(si)声(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)纪也(ye)(ye)(ye)。是五声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名义也(ye)(ye)(ye)。声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清(qing)(qing)浊,凡有五品,自然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。圣(sheng)人配(pei)於(wu)(wu)五方(fang),宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)居其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),商(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)四(si)方(fang)。四(si)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu),春生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),夏长(zhang),秋(qiu)成,冬聚,取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)而(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《志》又(you)云:“五声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)黄(huang)锺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)。九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),或(huo)(huo)益(yi)或(huo)(huo)损(sun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)商(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。九(jiu)(jiu)六(liu)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),阴阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《乐(le)记》云:“宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君,商(shang)(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣,角(jiao)(jiao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)民,徵(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi),羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)。”《月令(ling)(ling)》,“春其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)角(jiao)(jiao),夏其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)徵(zhi)(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)土(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),秋(qiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)商(shang)(shang),冬其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)(yin)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)”。郑玄云,“声(sheng)(sheng)始(shi)於(wu)(wu)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)数八(ba)十一(yi),属(shu)(shu)土(tu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)最(zui)浊,君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)徵(zhi)(zhi),徵(zhi)(zhi)数五十四(si),属(shu)(shu)火,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)微清(qing)(qing),事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)徵(zhi)(zhi)益(yi)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)商(shang)(shang),商(shang)(shang)数七十二(er)属(shu)(shu)金,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)浊次宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)商(shang)(shang)去(qu)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)数四(si)十八(ba),属(shu)(shu)水以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)最(zui)清(qing)(qing),物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)分(fen)(fen)羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)益(yi)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)角(jiao)(jiao),角(jiao)(jiao)数六(liu)十四(si),属(shu)(shu)木(mu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)(qing)浊中(zhong)(zhong),民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”《志》言或(huo)(huo)损(sun)或(huo)(huo)益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)分(fen)(fen)损(sun)一(yi),上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)分(fen)(fen)益(yi)一(yi)。九(jiu)(jiu)六(liu)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)六(liu),是三(san)损(sun)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)六(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)九(jiu)(jiu)是三(san)益(yi)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。损(sun)益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数,清(qing)(qing)浊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),无(wu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)准;况以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)锺九(jiu)(jiu)寸(cun)自乘为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)九(jiu)(jiu)八(ba)十一(yi),定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)数,因宫(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)而(er)(er)损(sun)益(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)商(shang)(shang)、角(jiao)(jiao)、徵(zhi)(zhi)、羽(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差(cha),言其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)校(xiao)如此(ci)数也(ye)(ye)(ye),唯相(xiang)准况耳(er),非言实有此(ci)数可用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。

六律,黄锺、大蔟、姑洗、蕤宾、夷则、无射也。阳声为律,阴声为吕。此十二月气。
  ○大音泰。蔟,七(qi)豆反(fan)。蕤(rui),人谁(shei)反(fan)。射音亦(yi)。

[疏]“六律”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):《周礼》“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)师掌六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)(sheng)。阳(yang)(yang)声(sheng)(sheng):黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)、姑洗(xi)、蕤宾(bin)、夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)、无(wu)(wu)射(she);阴(yin)(yin)声(sheng)(sheng):大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、应(ying)(ying)(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。《月(yue)(yue)令》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv)。《律(lv)(lv)历(li)志》云(yun)(yun)(yun),律(lv)(lv)有十二(er)(er)(er)。阳(yang)(yang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv),阴(yin)(yin)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所作也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)帝使(shi)伶伦自大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)夏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi),昆仑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阴(yin)(yin),取(qu)(qu)竹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窍(qiao)厚均者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),断两节间而(er)(er)吹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong)。制十二(er)(er)(er)筩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)听凤皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鸣(ming)(ming),其(qi)(qi)(qi)雄鸣(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),雌鸣(ming)(ming)亦六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)比黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)(gong),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)本(ben)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色(se)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),种(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)数(shu)五(wu),五(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)声(sheng)(sheng),声(sheng)(sheng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)宫(gong)(gong),五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)莫(mo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)焉。地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)数(shu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv),律(lv)(lv)有形有色(se),色(se)上(shang)(shang)(shang)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),五(wu)色(se)莫(mo)盛焉。故(gu)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)施种(zhong)(zhong)於(wu)(wu)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)泉,滋萌万(wan)物(wu)(wu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)气(qi)(qi)(qi)元也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)色(se)名元气(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),著(zhu)宫(gong)(gong)声(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。始於(wu)(wu)子(zi)(zi)(zi),在(zai)(zai)十一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv):吕(lv)(lv)(lv),旅(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),旅(lv)(lv)助黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宣气(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)牙物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)丑,在(zai)(zai)十二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu):蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu),奏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),奏地(di)而(er)(er)达物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)寅,在(zai)(zai)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)。夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)夹助大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu),宣四方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi),而(er)(er)出(chu)种(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)卯,在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)。姑洗(xi):洗(xi)絜(xie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)洗(xi)物(wu)(wu)辜絜(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“辜,必也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)辰,在(zai)(zai)三(san)月(yue)(yue)。仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)微阴(yin)(yin)始起(qi)未咸,著(zhu)於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),旅(lv)(lv)助姑洗(xi)宣气(qi)(qi)(qi)齐物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)巳,在(zai)(zai)四月(yue)(yue)。蕤宾(bin):蕤,继也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);宾(bin),道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)始道(dao)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)继养物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)午(wu),在(zai)(zai)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)。林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):林,君(jun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)受任(ren),助蕤宾(bin)君(jun)主种(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)(wu)使(shi)长大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)茂(mao)盛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)未,在(zai)(zai)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)月(yue)(yue)。夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze):则(ze)(ze),法(fa)(fa)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)正(zheng)法(fa)(fa)度而(er)(er)使(shi)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)夷(yi)(yi)当伤(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)申,在(zai)(zai)七月(yue)(yue)。南吕(lv)(lv)(lv):南,任(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)旅(lv)(lv)助夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)任(ren)成万(wan)物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)酉,在(zai)(zai)八月(yue)(yue)。无(wu)(wu)射(she):射(she),厌(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阳(yang)(yang)气(qi)(qi)(qi)究物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)使(shi)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)毕(bi)剥落(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),终而(er)(er)复始,无(wu)(wu)厌(yan)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)戌,在(zai)(zai)九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)(yue)。应(ying)(ying)(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)阴(yin)(yin)气(qi)(qi)(qi)应(ying)(ying)(ying)无(wu)(wu)射(she),该藏万(wan)物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)杂阳(yang)(yang)阂种(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“外闭(bi)曰(yue)阂”。位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)於(wu)(wu)亥,在(zai)(zai)十月(yue)(yue)。是(shi)解六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)律(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如《志》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),初(chu)(chu)(chu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),吹其(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)(qi)(qi)后则(ze)(ze)用铜为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)。《后汉(han)书》章帝时,零陵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)学奚(xi)景(jing)於(wu)(wu)阴(yin)(yin)冷道(dao)舜祠(ci)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)得白玉管(guan),是(shi)古人(ren)或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)玉为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)管(guan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《续汉(han)书》云(yun)(yun)(yun),候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土室三(san)重(zhong),户(hu)闭(bi),涂(tu)衅必周,密布缇缦(man)於(wu)(wu)室,中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)案,每律(lv)(lv)各(ge)一(yi)(yi),内痺外高,从其(qi)(qi)(qi)方位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),加律(lv)(lv)其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葭莩(fu)灰实其(qi)(qi)(qi)端,案历(li)而(er)(er)候(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至,则(ze)(ze)灰飞而(er)(er)管(guan)通,盖(gai)音声(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)与天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)(qi)(qi)通,故(gu)取(qu)(qu)律(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)。《月(yue)(yue)令》,正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)“律(lv)(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)”。郑玄云(yun)(yun)(yun),“律(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),候(hou)气(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)竹为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中(zhong)(zhong),犹(you)应(ying)(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)气(qi)(qi)(qi)至,则(ze)(ze)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv)应(ying)(ying)(ying)。应(ying)(ying)(ying),谓(wei)吹灰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。是(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)旧说然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)(lv)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng),郑注(zhu)《周礼·大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)师》职云(yun)(yun)(yun):“黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)九(jiu)(jiu),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)(er),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)南吕(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)(er)(er),南吕(lv)(lv)(lv)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)姑洗(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)三(san),沽洗(xi)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)应(ying)(ying)(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)三(san),应(ying)(ying)(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)蕤宾(bin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)四,蕤宾(bin)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)四,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)五(wu),夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)五(wu),夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又(you)(you)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)无(wu)(wu)射(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu),无(wu)(wu)射(she)又(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。同(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)象(xiang)(xiang)夫妻,异(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)象(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)母,所谓(wei)律(lv)(lv)取(qu)(qu)妻而(er)(er)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”子(zi)(zi)(zi)午(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng),子(zi)(zi)(zi)午(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng),五(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),乃一(yi)(yi)终矣。郑玄云(yun)(yun)(yun),“同(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)象(xiang)(xiang)夫妻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)(chu)(chu)九(jiu)(jiu),林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)(chu)(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)及大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)(er),南吕(lv)(lv)(lv)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,同(tong)在(zai)(zai)初(chu)(chu)(chu)二(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故(gu)象(xiang)(xiang)夫妻。异(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)象(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)母者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)初(chu)(chu)(chu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)(er)(er),初(chu)(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与二(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)不(bu)同(tong),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),象(xiang)(xiang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)母。律(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)吕(lv)(lv)(lv),是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)律(lv)(lv)取(qu)(qu)妻。吕(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)於(wu)(wu)律(lv)(lv),则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)异(yi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)生(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)夷(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)、林锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、南吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、无(wu)(wu)射(she)、应(ying)(ying)(ying)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皆是(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)午(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)蔟(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)、夹锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、姑洗(xi)、仲吕(lv)(lv)(lv)、蕤宾(bin),皆是(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)午(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)西(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)。黄(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)锺(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)律(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首(shou),不(bu)是(shi)馀管(guan)所生(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)入其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)分益(yi)一(yi)(yi),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)三(san)分减一(yi)(yi),皆左旋隔八而(er)(er)相(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)”。

七音,周武王伐纣,自午及子凡七日。王因此以数合之,以声昭之,故以七同其数,以律和其声,谓之七音。
  ○七音(yin),宫、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽、变宫、变徵(zhi)也。

[疏]“七音”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)清浊(zhuo),数(shu)不过五(wu),而(er)得(de)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),终五(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外更(geng)变(bian)(bian)(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。贾逵注(zhu)《周(zhou)(zhou)语(yu)(yu)》云(yun)(yun):周(zhou)(zhou)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin),谓七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv),谓七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)器(qi)音(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),黄锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宫,太蔟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商,沽洗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)角,林锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)徵(zhi)(zhi),南(nan)(nan)吕(lv)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)羽,应锺(zhong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)(bian)(bian)宫,蕤宾为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)变(bian)(bian)(bian)徵(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外,更(geng)加变(bian)(bian)(bian)宫、变(bian)(bian)(bian)徵(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《周(zhou)(zhou)语(yu)(yu)》云(yun)(yun):景王(wang)(wang)将(jiang)铸(zhu)无射,问律(lv)於伶州鸠。对(dui)(dui)曰:律(lv)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立均出度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)瞽,考中(zhong)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)量之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制,度律(lv)均锺(zhong),百官(guan)轨仪,故(gu)(gu)先王(wang)(wang)贵(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。王(wang)(wang)曰“七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)”?对(dui)(dui)曰:“昔武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)伐殷,岁(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo),月(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天驷(si),日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津,辰在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)柄,星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天鼋。星(xing)(xing)与辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)维。我姬氏出自(zi)天鼋,则我皇妣大(da)姜(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)侄逢公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)冯神(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),则我周(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)野(ye)(ye)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),辰马农祥,我大(da)祖后(hou)(hou)稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)经纬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)(wang)欲合(he)是(shi)五(wu)位(wei)三所(suo)而(er)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自(zi)鹑(chun)及驷(si)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)列也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),南(nan)(nan)比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揆(kui)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),凡(fan)(fan)(fan)神(shen)人以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数(shu)合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),数(shu)合(he)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和,然后(hou)(hou)可(ke)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)数(shu),而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)和其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),於是(shi)乎有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)律(lv)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。是(shi)言周(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。五(wu)位(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),岁(sui)(sui)、月(yue)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)、辰、星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三所(suo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),星(xing)(xing)与日(ri)(ri)(ri)、辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)所(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),岁(sui)(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)二(er)所(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)二(er)十(shi)八日(ri)(ri)(ri)戊(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu)发师(shi),其(qi)年,岁(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)合(he)宿(su)(su)於房(fang)(fang)五(wu)度。房(fang)(fang),即天驷(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)箕七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)度,箕於次(ci)分(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)析木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)津也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰。斗(dou)(dou)(dou)柄,斗(dou)(dou)(dou)前(qian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。戊(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)三日(ri)(ri)(ri)得(de)周(zhou)(zhou)二(er)月(yue)辛(xin)酉朔,日(ri)(ri)(ri)月(yue)合(he)宿(su)(su)於箕十(shi)度,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)前(qian)一(yi)(yi)度,是(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辰,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)斗(dou)(dou)(dou)柄也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天鼋者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),星(xing)(xing)於五(wu)星(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水星(xing)(xing),辰星(xing)(xing)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天鼋即玄枵次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别名也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。於是(shi)辰星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)婺(wu)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),其(qi)分(fen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)天鼋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su)次(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)是(shi)张星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),驷(si)是(shi)房(fang)(fang)星(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天宿(su)(su)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)右旋为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci),张、翼、轸、角、亢(kang)、氐(di)、房(fang)(fang)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宿(su)(su),是(shi)自(zi)鹑(chun)火(huo)至(zhi)(zhi)驷(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),列宿(su)(su)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)火(huo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)午(wu)(wu)(wu),天鼋在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)子(zi),斗(dou)(dou)(dou)柄所(suo)建(jian),月(yue)移(yi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci),是(shi)自(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揆(kui)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。揆(kui),度也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。度量星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)既(ji)见天时(shi)如此(ci)(ci),因此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数(shu)比(bi)合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)数(shu)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昭明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)亦宜有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)数(shu),五(wu)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外加以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)变(bian)(bian)(bian)宫、变(bian)(bian)(bian)徵(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)二(er)变(bian)(bian)(bian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),旧乐(le)无之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)不会,而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)和其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),调和其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)使与五(wu)音(yin)谐会谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)。由此(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)始加二(er)变(bian)(bian)(bian),周(zhou)(zhou)乐(le)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)耳(er),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)未(wei)有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。杜(du)(du)言武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)伐纣(zhou),自(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)及子(zi)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尚(shang)书·泰誓(shi)》云(yun)(yun),“戊(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu),王(wang)(wang)次(ci)于河朔”。又《牧誓(shi)》云(yun)(yun):“时(shi)甲子(zi)昧爽,王(wang)(wang)朝至(zhi)(zhi)于商郊牧野(ye)(ye),乃誓(shi)。”又《武(wu)(wu)成(cheng)》云(yun)(yun):“戊(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu),师(shi)逾孟(meng)津。癸亥,陈于商郊。”甲子(zi)受率其(qi)旅若(ruo)林,“前(qian)徒(tu)倒(dao)戈,攻于后(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)北(bei),血流(liu)漂杵(chu),一(yi)(yi)戎(rong)衣,天下大(da)定(ding)”。是(shi)自(zi)戊(wu)(wu)午(wu)(wu)(wu)至(zhi)(zhi)甲子(zi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。刘(liu)炫云(yun)(yun):杜(du)(du)既(ji)取(qu)《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同其(qi)数(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)和其(qi)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)又云(yun)(yun)自(zi)午(wu)(wu)(wu)及子(zi)凡(fan)(fan)(fan)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)乎?是(shi)杜(du)(du)意(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)(wu)王(wang)(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu),而(er)作乐(le)用(yong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)音(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。违《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,是(shi)杜(du)(du)说(shuo)谬(miu)。今知不然者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《尚(shang)书》、《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》俱有(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi),事得(de)两通,故(gu)(gu)杜(du)(du)兼而(er)取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘(liu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)杜(du)(du)背《国(guo)语(yu)(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文而(er)规(gui)杜(du)(du)过,非也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

八风,八方之风。
  ○八风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),《易纬·通卦验》云,东(dong)北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)条(tiao)(tiao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),东(dong)方曰(yue)(yue)明(ming)(ming)庶风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),东(dong)南曰(yue)(yue)清明(ming)(ming)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),南方曰(yue)(yue)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),西南曰(yue)(yue)凉(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),西风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)曰(yue)(yue)阊阖(he)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),西北(bei)曰(yue)(yue)不周风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),北(bei)方曰(yue)(yue)广莫风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。条(tiao)(tiao)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)又(you)名融风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一名凯(kai)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。

[疏]“八风”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:《易纬·通卦验》云(yun):“立春,调风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);春分(fen),明庶风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);立夏,清(qing)明风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);夏至(zhi),景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);立秋(qiu),凉(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);秋(qiu)分(fen),阊阖风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);立冬,不周(zhou)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi);冬至(zhi),广莫风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)。调风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)一名融(rong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。十八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)年(nian)传云(yun):“是(shi)谓融(rong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。”是(shi)调融(rong)同也(ye)(ye)。此八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)方之风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),以(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)节而至(zhi),但八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)方风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)气寒暑(shu)不同,乐(le)(le)能调阴阳和(he)节气。隐五年(nian)传曰:“舞,所以(yi)节八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)音而行八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”,故乐(le)(le)以(yi)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)相成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)节之风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),亦与(yu)八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)卦、八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)音相配。贾逵云(yun):兑为(wei)(wei)(wei)金,为(wei)(wei)(wei)阊阖风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。乾为(wei)(wei)(wei)石,为(wei)(wei)(wei)不周(zhou)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。坎为(wei)(wei)(wei)革(ge),为(wei)(wei)(wei)广莫风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。艮(gen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)匏,为(wei)(wei)(wei)融(rong)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。震为(wei)(wei)(wei)竹(zhu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)明庶风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。巽(xun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu),为(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)明风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。离为(wei)(wei)(wei)丝(si),为(wei)(wei)(wei)景风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。坤(kun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)土,为(wei)(wei)(wei)凉(liang)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)先儒依《易纬》配八(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)风(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也(ye)(ye)。

九歌,九功之德,皆可歌也。六府、三事谓之九功。
  ○六府(fu),水(shui)、火、金、木、土、穀。三事,正德(de)、利用、厚生也。

[疏]“九歌”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰:九歌之(zhi)事,《尚(shang)书·大禹谟》与文(wen)七(qi)年传具(ju)有其文(wen)。

以相成也;言此九者合,然后相成为和乐。清浊、大小,短长、疾徐,哀乐、刚柔,迟速、高下,出入、周疏,以相济也。周,密也。
  ○哀(ai)乐,音(yin)洛。下及注皆(jie)同。周疏(shu),传本皆(jie)作(zuo)流,然(ran)此五句皆(jie)相对,不(bu)应独作(zuo)周流。古本有作(zuo)疏(shu)者。案注训周为(wei)密(mi),则与疏(shu)相对,宜为(wei)疏(shu)耳。

[疏]“清浊”至“周疏”。
  ○正义曰:周(zhou)疏(shu)以(yi)上(shang)凡十(shi)事,皆两(liang)字(zi)相(xiang)对,其义相(xiang)反,乃言乐声如(ru)此相(xiang)反以(yi)成音曲,犹羹之水火相(xiang)反,人(ren)之和而不(bu)同(tong)也。杜(du)训周(zhou)为(wei)密,则疏(shu)为(wei)希,亦相(xiang)反也。俗本疏(shu)作流(liu),《易·系辞》云(yun):“周(zhou)流(liu)六虚(xu)。”《仲尼燕居》云(yun):“周(zhou)流(liu)无不(bu)遍(bian)也。”涉彼文而误耳。杜(du)既以(yi)周(zhou)为(wei)密,则流(liu)当为(wei)疏(shu),今定本作流(liu),非也。

君子听之,以平其心。心平,德和,故《诗》曰‘德音不瑕’。《诗·豳风》也。义取心平则德音无瑕阙。
  ○豳,彼贫(pin)反。

[疏]“诗曰德音不瑕”。
  ○正义曰(yue):《诗·豳风(feng)·狼跋》:“美(mei)周公摄政,远则四国(guo)流言,近则成王不(bu)知。周大夫美(mei)其不(bu)失其圣也(ye)。”云:“公孙硕肤(fu),德(de)音不(bu)瑕(xia)。”郑玄云:“不(bu)瑕(xia),言不(bu)可疵瑕(xia)也(ye)。”

今据不然。君所谓可,据亦曰可;君所谓否,据亦曰否。若以水济水,谁能食之?若琴瑟之专壹,谁能听之?同之不可也如是。”饮酒乐。公曰:“古而无死,其乐若何!”晏子对曰:“古而无死,则古之乐也,君何得焉?昔爽鸠氏始居此地,爽鸠氏,少皞氏之司寇也。
  ○专如字;董遇本作抟,音同。季荝因之,季荝,虞夏诸侯,代爽鸠氏者。
  ○荝,仕侧反。夏,户雅反。

[疏]注“季荝”至“氏(shi)(shi)者”。正义曰:此相(xiang)传说也(ye)。以逢伯是殷之诸(zhu)侯,此在(zai)逢伯之前(qian),故以为虞夏时也(ye)。爽鸠在(zai)少皞之世,至虞夏历代(dai)多矣,未必其间更无(wu)他姓。据(ju)晏(yan)之言(yan),云代(dai)爽鸠氏(shi)(shi)耳。

有逢伯陵因之,逢伯陵,殷诸侯,姜姓。蒲姑氏因之,浦姑氏,殷周之间代逢公者。而后大公因之。古若无死,爽鸠氏之乐,非君所原也。”齐侯甘於所乐,志於不死。晏子称古以节其情原。
  ○大音(yin)泰。爽鸠氏之乐,一本作乐之。

[疏]“古者”至“愿也”。
  ○正义曰:自(zi)古者其无(wu)死(si),爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)至今犹(you)存则此齐(qi)(qi)地(di)是爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)氏得而乐也。君(jun)不得为(wei)齐(qi)(qi)君(jun)不死(si)之(zhi)事,此乐爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)氏之(zhi)有,非君(jun)所原(yuan)乐也。晏(yan)子以爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)氏为(wei)始,故言爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)之(zhi)乐,计爽(shuang)鸠(jiu)以前处齐(qi)(qi)地(di)者,犹(you)应代有人矣。

郑子产有疾,谓子大叔曰:“我死,子必为政。唯有德者能以宽服民,其次莫如猛。夫火烈,民望而畏之,故鲜死焉;水懦弱,民狎而玩之,狎,轻也。
  ○鲜,息浅反。懦,乃乱、乃卧二反,一音儒。狎,户甲反。玩,五乱反。则多死焉,故宽难。”难以治。
  ○治,直吏反。疾数月而卒。大叔为政,不忍猛而宽。郑国多盗,取人於萑苻之泽。萑苻,泽名。於泽中劫人。
  ○数,所主反。萑音丸。苻音蒲,又如字。大叔悔之,曰:“吾早从夫子,不及此。”兴徒兵以攻萑苻之盗,尽杀之。盗少止。仲尼曰:“善哉!政宽则民慢,慢则纠之以猛。纠,犹摄也。
  ○尽杀之,本或作尽之,杀衍字。纠,居黝反。

[疏]“尽杀之盗少止”。
  ○正义(yi)曰:既言(yan)尽(jin)杀之(zhi),复云盗(dao)少止者,盖谓(wei)(wei)尽(jin)萑苻之(zhi)内盗(dao)也。少止,谓(wei)(wei)郑(zheng)国馀处(chu)之(zhi)盗(dao)由此(ci)少止。

猛则民残,残则施之以宽。宽以济猛,猛以济宽,政是以和。《诗》曰,‘民亦劳止,汔可小康;惠此中国,以绥四方。’施之以宽也。《诗·大雅》。汔,其也。康、绥皆安也。周厉王暴虐,民劳於苛政,故诗人剌之,欲其施之以宽。
  ○汔,许乙反。苛音何。‘毋从诡随,诡人随人,无正心,不可从。
  ○毋,本又作无。从,子又反,注同。诡,九委反。以谨无良,谨,敕慎也。式遏寇虐,惨不畏明’,纠之以猛也。式,用也。遏,止也。惨,曾也。言为寇虐,曾不畏明法者,亦当用猛政纠治之。
  ○遏,於葛反(fan)。惨,七感(gan)反(fan)。‘柔远(yuan)能迩,以定(ding)我王’,平之以和也(ye)。柔,安也(ye)。迩,近也(ye)。远(yuan)者怀附,近者各以能进,则王室定(ding)。

[疏]“诗曰”至“和也”。
  ○正义曰:此《诗·大雅·民劳》之篇,刺厉王之诗也。其下十句,《诗》之文也。仲尼分为三段,每以一句释之。汔,其也。康、绥皆安也。止,辞也。於是厉王以苛政劳民,故言当今之民亦大疲劳止,其可以小息之。中国,京师也,四方,诸夏也,施惠於此京师,中国以绥彼诸夏之民。此四句者,欲其施之以宽也。诡、随谓诡人为善,随人小恶,此虽恶之小者,其事不可舍从也,毋得从此诡随之人,以谨敕彼无善之人。无善之恶,大於诡随,诡随不从,则无善息止,是谨敕之也。寇虐之恶人又大於无善。式,用也。遏,止也。惨,曾也。王当严为刑威,用止臣民之间有为寇盗苛虐,曾不畏明白之刑者。此四句者,欲其纠之以猛也。柔,安也。迩,近也。能,谓才能也。王者当以宽政安慰远人,使之怀附,则各以才能自进者,是近人也。远者怀而归,近者以能自进,用此以定我为王之功。此二句者,言平之以和也。
  ○注“《诗·大雅》”云云。
  ○正义曰:《释诂》云(yun),“汔,几也。”杜以(yi)几、其同(tong)声,故以(yi)汔为其也。康(kang)、绥皆(jie)安,及下注遏(e),止,皆(jie)《释诂》文也。式,用;惨(can),曾,《释言》文也。

又曰,‘不竞不絿,不刚不柔,《诗·殷颂》。言汤政得中和。竞,强也。絿,急也。
  ○絿音求。布政优优,百禄是遒’,优优,和也。遒,聚也。
  ○遒,在由反,又子由反。和之(zhi)至也。”及子产卒,仲(zhong)尼闻之(zhi),出(chu)涕曰:“古之(zhi)遗(yi)爱(ai)也。”子产见爱(ai),有(you)古人之(zhi)遗(yi)风。

[疏]“又曰”至“至也”。
  ○正义曰:《诗·商颂·长发》之篇,述成汤之德也。汤之为政,不大强,不大急,不大刚,不大柔,布行政教,优优然和绥,百种福禄於是聚而归之。言其和之至也。竞,强。《释言》文也。絿,急。遒,聚。《毛传》文也。
  ○“及子”至“闻之”。
  ○正(zheng)义曰(yue):案(an)上,子(zi)(zi)大(da)叔悔后巳云,仲(zhong)尼曰(yue)善哉!今方(fang)言及子(zi)(zi)产卒,闻之者,上所云,先美子(zi)(zi)大(da)叔之善法政(zheng),用子(zi)(zi)产生时法也;此(ci)出涕,重美子(zi)(zi)产身之贤,故传云“及子(zi)(zi)产卒”,欲显仲(zhong)尼美之意也。

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