●卷四
均人,掌均地政,均地守,均地职,均人民、牛马、车辇之力政。(政读为征。地征谓地守、地职之税也。地守,衡虞之属。地职,农圃之属。力征,人民则治城郭、涂巷、沟渠、牛马、车辇则转委积之属。
○政(zheng),音征,出注(zhu)下同。)
[疏]“均人”至“力政”
○释曰:均人所均地政已下,总均畿内乡遂及公邑。云“均地政”者,谓均地守、地职二者之税,使皆十一而出税,又均人民已下力征之事。
○注“政读”至“之属”
○释曰:郑(zheng)破(po)政(zheng)(zheng)为征(zheng)者,以(yi)(yi)经政(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng),非征(zheng)税(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng),故破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。郑(zheng)又知地征(zheng)是(shi)地守(shou)(shou)(shou)、地职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui)者,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)出税(shui)无过地守(shou)(shou)(shou)、地职(zhi)(zhi)二者,故知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“地守(shou)(shou)(shou),衡虞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者,亦谓畿(ji)内川(chuan)(chuan)衡、林(lin)(lin)衡、山(shan)(shan)虞、泽(ze)虞,皆遣其(qi)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民守(shou)(shou)(shou)护之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)其(qi)入山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)川(chuan)(chuan)泽(ze)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者,使出税(shui)以(yi)(yi)当(dang)邦(bang)赋。云(yun)(yun)“地职(zhi)(zhi)农圃(pu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者,此(ci)即《大宰》九职(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)“一曰三农”、“二曰园(yuan)圃(pu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,以(yi)(yi)九职(zhi)(zhi)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),因使出税(shui)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“力(li)征(zheng)”已(yi)下并“车辇”,并是(shi)力(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng)税(shui)。若然(ran),《土均》云(yun)(yun)“掌平地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng),以(yi)(yi)均地守(shou)(shou)(shou),以(yi)(yi)均地事,以(yi)(yi)均地贡(gong)(gong)”。注云(yun)(yun):“所(suo)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui),邦(bang)国都鄙(bi)也(ye)。”与此(ci)乡遂及(ji)公邑别。彼又云(yun)(yun)“地贡(gong)(gong)”,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“谓诸侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九贡(gong)(gong)”,与此(ci)九职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贡(gong)(gong)又不(bu)同也(ye)。
凡均力政,以岁上下。丰年则公旬用三日焉,中年则公旬用二日焉,无年则公旬用一日焉。(丰年,人食四之岁也。人食三为中岁。人食二为无岁,岁无赢储也。公,事也。旬,均也。读如“┿┿原隰”之┿。《易》“坤为均”,今书亦有作旬者。
○上,时掌反(fan)。,房(fang)甫反(fan)。┿,音均,又舒均反(fan),又音旬(xun),聂氏常纯反(fan)。)
[疏]“凡均”至“日焉”
○释曰:此所均力政者,即上人民之力征,不通牛马车辇,故《礼记·王制》云“用民之力岁不过三日”,是此亦据人而言也。云“以岁上下”者,上即丰年,下即俭年也。“丰年则公旬用三日”者,公,事也。旬,均也。谓为事均用三日也。
○注“丰年”至“旬者”
○释(shi)曰:郑(zheng)知“丰年(nian)人(ren)食(shi)四(si)”已(yi)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《廪人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)“人(ren)四(si)上也(ye),人(ren)三(san)中也(ye),人(ren)二(er)(er)(er)下(xia)也(ye)”而(er)知之(zhi)(zhi)。彼(bi)又云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)能人(ren)二(er)(er)(er),则令(ling)邦移民就”,此(ci)(ci)时则无(wu)力征矣。若然,此(ci)(ci)食(shi)二(er)(er)(er)而(er)言无(wu)年(nian)。无(wu)年(nian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“无(wu)赢(ying)储(chu)”,仍(reng)未移民就贱(jian)。此(ci)(ci)无(wu)年(nian)与彼(bi)不(bu)能人(ren)二(er)(er)(er)之(zhi)(zhi)岁不(bu)同(tong),彼(bi)不(bu)能人(ren)二(er)(er)(er),自然无(wu)赢(ying)储(chu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“公(gong),事也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),非(fei)诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)礼,不(bu)得为(wei)公(gong)君(jun)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)从(cong)公(gong)事而(er)释(shi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“旬(xun),均(jun)(jun)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《王制》既云(yun)(yun)“用民岁不(bu)过三(san)日(ri)”,明不(bu)得为(wei)旬(xun)十日(ri)解(jie)之(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)破从(cong)均(jun)(jun)。恐不(bu)平,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)均(jun)(jun)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“读(du)(du)如┿┿原隰(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)┿”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)《诗》┿┿是均(jun)(jun)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),故(gu)读(du)(du)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“《易》坤(kun)为(wei)均(jun)(jun),今书(shu)亦(yi)有作旬(xun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)《易》坤(kun)为(wei)地,地德均(jun)(jun)平,是以均(jun)(jun)为(wei)义。今书(shu),今《易》书(shu)有作旬(xun)字者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。旬(xun)与均(jun)(jun),旬(xun)与均(jun)(jun)俱有均(jun)(jun)平之(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),故(gu)引为(wei)证也(ye)。
凶札则无力政,无财(cai)(cai)赋(fu)。(无力政,恤其劳也。无财(cai)(cai)赋(fu),恤其乏(fa)困也。财(cai)(cai)赋(fu),九(jiu)赋(fu)也。)
[疏]“凶札”至“财赋”
○释曰:凶谓年不孰,札谓天下疫病,作无此力征及财赋二事。此即《廪人》云“不能人二”之岁。
○注“无力”至“赋也”
○释曰:云(yun)“财赋(fu),九(jiu)赋(fu)也”者,此即《大宰(zai)》九(jiu)赋(fu),谓(wei)口率出(chu)泉。知赋(fu)中惟是九(jiu)赋(fu)者,以下文有地(di)守、地(di)职,故此惟有九(jiu)赋(fu)也。若(ruo)然,上均地(di)政(zheng)不言(yan)均九(jiu)赋(fu),亦均之(zhi)可知。
不(bu)收地(di)(di)守、地(di)(di)职,不(bu)均(jun)地(di)(di)政(zheng)。(不(bu)收山(shan)泽及地(di)(di)税(shui),亦不(bu)平(ping)计地(di)(di)税(shui)也。非凶札之岁当收税(shui),乃均(jun)之耳。)三年(nian)大(da)(da)比,则(ze)大(da)(da)均(jun)。(有年(nian)无年(nian),大(da)(da)平(ping)计之。若久(jiu)不(bu),则(ze)数或阙。)
[疏]注“有年”至“或阙”
○释曰:经(jing)既(ji)云(yun)大(da)均,明(ming)知有(you)年及无年,皆(jie)须大(da)平均计(ji)之也。云(yun)“久(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)则数(shu)或阙(que)”者,三(san)年一阙(que),是(shi)(shi)其久(jiu)(jiu)。久(jiu)(jiu)不(bu)谓不(bu)大(da)平计(ji),则其中间不(bu)知其数(shu)。不(bu)知其数(shu),则是(shi)(shi)数(shu)阙(que)也。
师氏,掌以[A134]诏王。(告王以善道也。《文王世子》曰:“师也者,教之以事而谕诸德者也。”
○[A134],音美。)
[疏]“师氏”至“诏王”
○释曰:[A134],美也。师氏掌以前世美善之道,以诏告於王,庶王行其美道也。
○注“告王”至“者也”
○释曰:引(yin)《文王(wang)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)》者,彼(bi)是(shi)师氏教(jiao)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)礼,引(yin)为(wei)诏(zhao)王(wang)者,但诏(zhao)王(wang)以(yi)(yi)道无(wu)文,彼(bi)教(jiao)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)与教(jiao)王(wang)同(tong),故(gu)取以(yi)(yi)为(wei)证也。谕(yu),晓(xiao)也。诸,於也。彼(bi)谓教(jiao)世(shi)(shi)(shi)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)君臣、父子(zi)、长幼之事,而晓(xiao)之以(yi)(yi)德,今诏(zhao)王(wang)亦晓(xiao)之以(yi)(yi)德也。
以三德教国子:一曰至德,以为道本;二曰敏德,以为行本;三曰孝德,以知逆恶。教三行:一曰孝行,以亲父母;二曰友行,以尊贤良;三曰顺行,以事师长。(德行,内外之称。在心为德,施之为行。至德,中和之德,覆焘持载含容者也。孔子曰:“中庸之为德,其至矣乎。”敏德,仁义顺时者也。《说命》曰:“敬孙务时敏,厥乃来。”孝德,尊祖爱亲,守其所以生者也。孔子曰:“武王、周公,其达孝矣乎。夫孝者,善继人之志,善述人之事者也。”孝在三德之下、三行之上,德有广於孝,而行莫尊焉。国子,公卿大夫之子弟,师氏教之,而世子亦齿焉,学君臣、父子、长幼之道。
○行,下孟反(fan)(fan)(fan),下及注(zhu)同(tong)。知(zhi),音(yin)智。称,尺证反(fan)(fan)(fan)。焘,徒报反(fan)(fan)(fan)。说(shuo),音(yin)悦。孙,音(yin)逊(xun)。夫,音(yin)扶。)
[疏]“以三”至“师长”
○释曰:以此三德教国子,王大子已下至元士之子也。云“一曰至德,以为道本”者,至德谓至极之德,以为行道之本也。“二曰敏德,以为行本”者,谓敏达之德,以为行行之本也。“三曰孝德,以知逆恶”者,善父母为孝,以孝德之孝以事父母,则知逆恶不行也。此上三德皆在心而行不见,故郑云“在心为德”也。云“一曰孝行,以亲父母”者,行善事父母之行,则能亲父母。冬温夏冫青,昏定晨省,尽爱敬之事也。云“二曰友行,以尊贤良”者,此行施於外人,故尊事贤人良人有德行之士也。云“三曰顺行,以事师长”者,此亦施於外人,行逊顺之行,事受业之师及朋友之长也。
○注“德行”至“之道”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),内外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,在(zai)(zai)心为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“耻有(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)其(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)内,行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)见(jian)经(jing)(jing)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)。又(you)(you)(you)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)知(zhi)逆恶,亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)知(zhi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)皆(jie)在(zai)(zai)内,与外(wai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)。又(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亲父(fu)(fu)母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“致中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和,天(tian)地位(wei)焉(yan)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“覆(fu)(fu)焘持(chi)载含(han)容(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)“至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”即《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“至(zhi)诚”,一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。彼说(shuo)“至(zhi)诚无(wu)(wu)(wu)息。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息则(ze)(ze)(ze)久,久则(ze)(ze)(ze)徵(zhi),徵(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)悠(you)远,悠(you)远则(ze)(ze)(ze)博厚(hou),博厚(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)高明(ming)。博厚(hou)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)载物(wu)(wu),高明(ming)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)覆(fu)(fu)物(wu)(wu)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若(ruo)天(tian)地覆(fu)(fu)焘持(chi)载含(han)容(rong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),其(qi)至(zhi)矣乎(hu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《论语(yu)·雍(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)与中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)施政,春夏行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)赏为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仁(ren)(ren),秋冬行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)罚(fa)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)(yi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)敏(min)(min)疾(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)引(yin)《说(shuo)命(ming)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“敬(jing)逊务(wu)时(shi)敏(min)(min),厥乃(nai)(nai)来”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《尚书(shu)(shu)·说(shuo)命(ming)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇(pian),傅说(shuo)告高宗以(yi)(yi)(yi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。孙,顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。敏(min)(min),疾(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。厥,其(qi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,当(dang)恭敬(jing)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),务(wu)在(zai)(zai)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)疾(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)其(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)从学(xue)(xue)(xue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)来。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证(zheng)仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),尊祖(zu)爱(ai)亲,守其(qi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如上二(er)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),直能(neng)善(shan)(shan)父(fu)(fu)母为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),施德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)於(wu)亲而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)守其(qi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)(you)引(yin)孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong),其(qi)达孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)矣乎(hu)”至(zhi)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)》文(wen)(wen),言(yan)(yan)(yan)二(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)通(tong)达行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)善(shan)(shan)继(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志、善(shan)(shan)述人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)(an)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)》上文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“无(wu)(wu)(wu)忧(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)惟文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)乎(hu)!父(fu)(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)善(shan)(shan)继(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。据周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)时(shi)未大(da)(da)平,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)制(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)作(zuo)(zuo)乐(le)。周(zhou)(zhou)公(gong)摄政六年,大(da)(da)平,乃(nai)(nai)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)乐(le),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)(shan)继(ji)文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志则(ze)(ze)(ze)《尚书(shu)(shu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“考朕昭(zhao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)刑,乃(nai)(nai)单文(wen)(wen)祖(zu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。善(shan)(shan)述人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)能(neng)述父(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)伐纣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)《尚书(shu)(shu)序》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“惟十(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一年,武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)伐殷”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)在(zai)(zai)三(san)(san)(san)(san)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia)、三(san)(san)(san)(san)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)广(guang)於(wu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)莫(mo)尊焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),欲见(jian)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)已(yi)(yi)上所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直明(ming)在(zai)(zai)心为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)其(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)兼见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)(san)(san)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)广(guang)於(wu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。则(ze)(ze)(ze)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)广(guang)於(wu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)莫(mo)尊焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),三(san)(san)(san)(san)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施於(wu)父(fu)(fu)母为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上,顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、友(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施於(wu)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)莫(mo)尊焉(yan)。莫(mo),无(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),无(wu)(wu)(wu)尊於(wu)事(shi)父(fu)(fu)母也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),公(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)直言(yan)(yan)(yan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。案(an)(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)·王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“春秋教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)乐(le),冬夏教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)书(shu)(shu)。”下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、群书(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫元士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)皆(jie)造焉(yan)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)及元士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),略言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)实(shi)皆(jie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》惟言(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)(da)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)弟(di),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)弟(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《大(da)(da)司乐(le)》及此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)(xia)文(wen)(wen)皆(jie)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)”,连弟(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)弟(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师氏教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)亦齿(chi)焉(yan),学(xue)(xue)(xue)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)、父(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)约《文(wen)(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》文(wen)(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)三(san)(san)(san)(san)善(shan)(shan)皆(jie)得(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),惟世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)(yi),其(qi)齿(chi)於(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)齿(chi)於(wu)学(xue)(xue)(xue),国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘将君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)我(wo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与我(wo)齿(chi)让,何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?’曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)父(fu)(fu)在(zai)(zai),则(ze)(ze)(ze)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。’然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)众(zhong)知(zhi)父(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)矣。其(qi)二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘将君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)我(wo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与我(wo)齿(chi)让,何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?’曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)(zai),则(ze)(ze)(ze)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)然(ran)(ran)(ran)。’然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)众(zhong)著(zhu)於(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)矣。”其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘将君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)我(wo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与我(wo)齿(chi)让,何(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?’曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’然(ran)(ran)(ran)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)众(zhong)知(zhi)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)幼(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节矣。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)与国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)齿(chi)焉(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。案(an)(an)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)(san)(san)(san)等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。案(an)(an)《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)·道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)经(jing)(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)可(ke)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),非(fei)(fei)(fei)常道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”。河上公(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“谓(wei)经(jing)(jing)术政教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),非(fei)(fei)(fei)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。常道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)养(yang)神,无(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)安民,含(han)光藏曜,灭迹匿端,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)称以(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。”又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)《德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)经(jing)(jing)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),凡以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”。河上公(gong)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),大(da)(da)古(gu)无(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)号(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)无(wu)(wu)(wu)上,故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)民,因循自然(ran)(ran)(ran),其(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谓(wei)号(hao)(hao)谥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)见(jian),其(qi)功称,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)仁(ren)(ren),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)义(yi)(yi)(yi),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)後(hou)(hou)(hou)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)衰(shuai)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化,德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衰(shuai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)仁(ren)(ren)爱(ai)见(jian),仁(ren)(ren)衰(shuai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)忿(fen)争(zheng)明(ming),义(yi)(yi)(yi)衰(shuai)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)聘(pin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)玉帛。”又(you)(you)(you)案(an)(an)《握河纪》,尧曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“皇道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)帝(di)(di)(di)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),非(fei)(fei)(fei)朕所(suo)(suo)专”。又(you)(you)(you)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)候(hou)义(yi)(yi)(yi)》明(ming)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“洞五(wu)九,礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)阏(yan)邮(you)”。注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“阏(yan),止。邮(you),过。言(yan)(yan)(yan)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)後(hou)(hou)(hou)洞三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi),其(qi)治各九百(bai)岁,当(dang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)止过也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。案(an)(an)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸文(wen)(wen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)至(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆(fu)(fu)焘持(chi)载含(han)容(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同於(wu)天(tian)地,与《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》“常道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”及“上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一物(wu)(wu),皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燧(sui)皇已(yi)(yi)上无(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)号(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)河上公(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),无(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)(ming)号(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)则(ze)(ze)(ze)《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“可(ke)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)“非(fei)(fei)(fei)常道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)”、“下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),亦一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)河上公(gong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“政教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)经(jing)(jing)术,有(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)(ming)号(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)所(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)政,皆(jie)须仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)顺(shun)(shun)(shun)(shun)时(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran),《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)仁(ren)(ren)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)皇行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),即尧云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“皇道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)帝(di)(di)(di)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)”亦谓(wei)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),於(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敏(min)(min)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),其(qi)三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)同行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)耳。其(qi)《老子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)》又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)仁(ren)(ren),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)仁(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)义(yi)(yi)(yi),失(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)义(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)专据三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)洞五(wu)九,礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)阏(yan)邮(you)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran),仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)前德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)後(hou)(hou)(hou),则(ze)(ze)(ze)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)与三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)俱(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“尧、舜率天(tian)下(xia)(xia)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)民从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“禹立三(san)(san)(san)(san)年,百(bai)姓以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)遂焉(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)(ren)义(yi)(yi)(yi)关(guan)在(zai)(zai)五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)(san)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran)(ran),《礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)记(ji)(ji)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“生(sheng)乎(hu)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi),反古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。”谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,全行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)非(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
居虎门之左,司王朝。(虎门,路寝门也。王日视朝於路寝门外,画虎焉以明勇猛,於守宜也。司犹察也,察王之视朝,若有善道可行者,则当前以诏王。
○朝,直遥反,注(zhu)及下皆同。)
[疏]“居虎”至“王朝”
○释曰:言师氏之官既知三德三行,故居路门之左画虎之处,司察王朝,若有善事可行者,则前告王,有所改为也。
○注“虎门”至“诏王”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)虎门是路(lu)寝门者(zhe),其路(lu)寝庭朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)及库(ku)门外之朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),非常朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之处,司(si)士所掌(zhang)路(lu)门外是常朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),日所朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之所。经云“司(si)王朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”,明据此朝(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),故郑(zheng)以(yi)路(lu)寝门外解(jie)之。此即上文“以(yi)美(mei)诏王”之义(yi)也。
掌国中失之事,以教国子弟,(教之者,使识旧事也。中,中礼者也。失,失礼者也。故书“中”为“得”,杜子春云:“当为得,记君得失,若《春秋》是也。”
○中,郑丁仲反,注“中”、“中礼者”同,杜音得(de)。)
[疏]“掌国”至“子弟”
○释曰:以其师氏知德行,识其善恶得失,故掌国家中礼、失礼之事,以教国之子弟。国之子弟即王大子已下,言弟,即王庶子。以其诸侯已下皆以子入国学,庶子不入,故知也。
○注“教之”至“是也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云“教之(zhi)(zhi)使识旧事也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe),即中(zhong)失之(zhi)(zhi)事是也(ye)(ye)。云“中(zhong),中(zhong)礼也(ye)(ye)”,又引子春(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),从(cong)古书中(zhong)为得(de),得(de)谓得(de)礼者(zhe),中(zhong)与得(de)俱(ju)合(he)於义(yi),故两从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。言(yan)“若(ruo)《春(chun)(chun)秋》”者(zhe),《玉藻》云:“动则左(zuo)史(shi)书之(zhi)(zhi),言(yan)则右史(shi)书之(zhi)(zhi)。”是记君(jun)得(de)失之(zhi)(zhi)事,故云若(ruo)《春(chun)(chun)秋》也(ye)(ye)。此《春(chun)(chun)秋》即鲁史(shi)是也(ye)(ye),谓记君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)(ye)。
凡国之贵(gui)游(you)子(zi)弟学焉。(贵(gui)游(you)子(zi)弟,王公之子(zi)弟。游(you),无官司者。杜(du)子(zi)春(chun)云:“游(you)当(dang)为(wei)犹,言虽贵(gui)犹学。”)
[疏]“凡国”至“学焉”
○释曰:言“凡国之贵游子弟”,即上国之子弟。言游者,以其未仕而在学,游暇习业。
○注“贵游”至“犹学”
○释曰:云“王(wang)公之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)”者(zhe),此即(ji)《王(wang)制》云:“王(wang)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)、王(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)、群后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)大子(zi)(zi)(zi)、卿大夫元(yuan)士之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。”公即(ji)三公群后(hou)。卿大夫元(yuan)士之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)略言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)也。云“游,无(wu)(wu)官司者(zhe)”,官司则事(shi)繁(fan),不得(de)为(wei)(wei)游,故郑以(yi)无(wu)(wu)官司解之(zhi)(zhi)。郑既以(yi)游为(wei)(wei)无(wu)(wu)官司,又引子(zi)(zi)(zi)春“游当为(wei)(wei)犹,言(yan)虽贵犹学”者(zhe),亦(yi)义得(de)两通(tong),故引之(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)下也。
凡祭祀、宾客、会同、丧纪、军旅,王举则从。(举犹行也。故书“举”为“与”,杜子春云:“当为与,谓王与会同丧纪之事。”
○从(cong),才用反。与,音预(yu),下同。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“则从”
○释曰:祭祀则郊庙及山川社稷总是也。宾客谓诸侯及卿大夫来朝聘,或在朝,或在庙。会同亦或在畿内,或在畿外。军旅谓出畿外征伐。王举者,举,行也。此数事,王行之时师氏则从,以王所在,皆须诏王以美道故也。
○注“举犹”至“之事”
○释曰:既训举(ju)为行,又引子春从故书为与者,亦(yi)义得两(liang)通(tong),故亦(yi)引之在下也。
听治亦如之。(谓王举於野外以听朝。
○治(zhi),直吏反,下同。)
[疏]“听治亦如之”
○释曰:即上(shang)数事(shi),王所在皆有(you)朝以(yi)听治之(zhi),故从王。亦如上(shang)虎门之(zhi)左同,故云“亦如之(zhi)”。
使其属帅四夷之隶,各以其兵服守王之门外,且跸。(兵服,旃布、弓隶不同也。门外,中门之外。跸,止行人不得迫王宫也。故书“隶”或作“肆”,郑司农云:“读为隶。”
○跸,音毕。)
[疏]“使其”至“且跸”
○释曰:云“使其属”者,属即《序官》师氏中大夫之下有属官上士二人,并有府史胥徒之等。使此人帅四夷之隶,若《秋官》蛮隶之等,各使四夷隶以其本国之兵器及其服,以守王之门外以卫王,并使跸止行人,故云且跸也。
○注“兵服”至“为隶”
○释曰:云“兵服(fu),旃(zhan)(zhan)布及弓(gong)剑(jian)”者,东方、南方,其服(fu)布,其兵剑(jian);西方、北方,其服(fu)旃(zhan)(zhan),其兵弓(gong)矢。云“门(men)外(wai)(wai),中(zhong)门(men)之外(wai)(wai)”者,案(an)阍(hun)人掌中(zhong)门(men)之禁,则中(zhong)门(men)内也,人不得入,明(ming)在中(zhong)门(men)之外(wai)(wai)。
朝在野外,则(ze)守(shou)内列。(内列,蕃营(ying)之(zhi)在内者也。其属亦帅四夷之(zhi)隶守(shou)之(zhi),如守(shou)王宫。)
[疏]“朝在”至“内列”
○释曰:云“朝在野外”,即上文“听治”是也。
○注“内列”至“王宫”
○释曰:云“内列(lie),蕃营之(zhi)在(zai)(zai)内”者,言蕃营之(zhi)在(zai)(zai)内,谓若《司(si)戈盾》云“及舍,设蕃盾”者也。案:《司(si)隶(li)(li)职》云“守(shou)野(ye)舍之(zhi)厉禁”,上文云“使(shi)其(qi)属帅(shuai)四(si)夷之(zhi)隶(li)(li)”,则二处皆帅(shuai)四(si)夷隶(li)(li)守(shou)之(zhi),故云“其(qi)属亦帅(shuai)四(si)夷之(zhi)隶(li)(li)守(shou)之(zhi),如守(shou)王宫”也。
保氏,掌谏王恶。(谏者,以礼义正之。《文王世子》曰:“保也(ye)者,慎其身以辅翼之,而归(gui)诸道者也(ye)。”)
[疏]“保氏掌谏王恶”
○释曰:“掌谏王恶”者,师氏掌三德、三行,以美道诏王;保氏以师氏之德行审喻王,王有恶则谏之,故云掌谏王恶。
○注“谏者”至“者也”
○释曰:云“谏(jian)者以(yi)礼(li)义(yi)正之”者,君臣主义(yi),故(gu)知(zhi)谏(jian)者以(yi)礼(li)义(yi)谏(jian)正王(wang)也(ye)。引(yin)(yin)《文王(wang)世(shi)子》者,彼亦是教世(shi)子法,以(yi)教世(shi)子法保护王(wang)身同(tong),故(gu)引(yin)(yin)之。以(yi)其保者是保安(an)之义(yi),故(gu)使王(wang)谨慎其身而归於道。
而养国子以道,乃教之六艺:一曰五礼,二曰六乐,三曰五射,四曰五驭,五曰六书,六曰九数;乃教之六仪:一曰祭祀之容,二曰宾客之容,三曰朝廷之容,四曰丧纪之容,五曰军旅之容,六曰车马之容。(养国子以道者,以师氏之德行审谕之,而後教之以艺仪也。五礼,吉、凶、宾、军、嘉也。六乐,《云门》、《大咸》、《大韶》、《大夏》、《大》、《大武》也。郑司农云:“五射,白矢、参连、剡注、襄尺、井仪也。五驭,鸣和鸾、逐水曲、过君表、舞交衢、逐禽左。六书,象形、会意、转注、处事、假借、谐声也。九数,方田、粟米、差分、少广、商功、均输、方程、赢不足、旁要。今有重差、夕桀、句股也。祭祀之容,穆穆皇皇。宾客之容,严恪矜庄。朝廷之容,济济跄跄。丧纪之容,涕涕翔翔。军旅之容,阚阚仰仰。车马之容,颠颠堂堂。”玄谓祭祀之容,齐齐皇皇。宾客之容,穆穆皇皇。朝廷之容,济济翔翔。丧纪之容,累累颠颠。军旅之容,暨暨讠各讠各。车马之容,匪匪翼翼。
○驭,音(yin)(yin)御(yu)。德行,下(xia)孟(meng)反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)文及注(zhu)同。剡(yan),羊甚反(fan)(fan)(fan)。注(zhu),之树反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。襄,音(yin)(yin)让(rang),本(ben)(ben)作让(rang),诸音(yin)(yin)非(fei)(fei)。差,初(chu)佳反(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)初(chu)宜反(fan)(fan)(fan),下(xia)同。重,直龙反(fan)(fan)(fan)。夕桀,音(yin)(yin)的,沈祥易(yi)反(fan)(fan)(fan),此(ci)二字(zi)非(fei)(fei)郑注(zhu)。严,如(ru)字(zi),又(you)音(yin)(yin)俨。济,子(zi)礼反(fan)(fan)(fan)。跄,七(qi)良反(fan)(fan)(fan)。阚,呼槛反(fan)(fan)(fan)。仰(yang),本(ben)(ben)又(you)作,五刚反(fan)(fan)(fan)。济皇,上子(zi)礼反(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)音(yin)(yin)齐;下(xia)于况反(fan)(fan)(fan),又(you)音(yin)(yin)往。累颠,上律(lv)悲反(fan)(fan)(fan);下(xia)音(yin)(yin)田,又(you)如(ru)字(zi)。暨,其器反(fan)(fan)(fan)。讠各,五格反(fan)(fan)(fan)。匪,芳非(fei)(fei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“而养”至“教之”
○释曰:此道即上《师氏》三德、三行,故郑云“以师氏之德行审喻之,乃教之六艺”已下。此乃保氏所专教也。
○注“养国”至“翼翼”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案《文(wen)(wen)王世子》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“大传审(shen)(shen)父(fu)子、君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),少傅(fu)奉世子以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)观(guan)大傅(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)行而(er)审(shen)(shen)喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。师也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事而(er)喻(yu)诸(zhu)德(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);保也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),慎其(qi)身以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辅翼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)归诸(zhu)道(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”不(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)保氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)行审(shen)(shen)喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。少傅(fu)既以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大傅(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)审(shen)(shen)喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),明(ming)保氏亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)师氏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)行审(shen)(shen)喻(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)知,故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)礼(li)(li),吉(ji)凶(xiong)宾军(jun)嘉”,《大宗伯》文(wen)(wen)。“六(liu)乐(le)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门(men)》”已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),《大司乐(le)》文(wen)(wen)。先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)射白(bai)(bai)矢”已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),无(wu)正文(wen)(wen),或先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)别有(you)(you)所见(jian),或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)义(yi)(yi)而(er)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)白(bai)(bai)矢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),矢在(zai)(zai)侯(hou)(hou)而(er)贯侯(hou)(hou)过,见(jian)其(qi)镞白(bai)(bai)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)参(can)连者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),前放一(yi)矢,後(hou)(hou)三矢连续(xu)而(er)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)剡(yan)注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)羽头高镞低而(er)去,剡(yan)剡(yan)然。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)襄尺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),臣与(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)射,不(bu)与(yu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)并立,襄君(jun)(jun)(jun)一(yi)尺而(er)退。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)井(jing)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),四矢贯侯(hou)(hou),如井(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)五(wu)驭者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),驭车(che)(che)有(you)(you)五(wu)种。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)鸣和(he)鸾(luan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),和(he)在(zai)(zai)式,鸾(luan)在(zai)(zai)衡(heng)。案《韩诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“升车(che)(che)则(ze)马动(dong),马动(dong)则(ze)鸾(luan)鸣,鸾(luan)鸣则(ze)和(he)应。”先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)依此(ci)而(er)言。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)逐(zhu)水(shui)(shui)曲(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无(wu)正文(wen)(wen),先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)而(er)言,谓(wei)御(yu)车(che)(che)随(sui)逐(zhu)水(shui)(shui)势(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屈(qu)曲(qu)而(er)不(bu)坠水(shui)(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)过君(jun)(jun)(jun)表者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)若《毛传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“褐(he)缠(chan)旃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)门(men),裘缠(chan)质以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),间容(rong)(rong)握(wo),驱(qu)(qu)而(er)入(ru),{车(che)(che)}则(ze)不(bu)得入(ru)。”《梁》亦(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“艾兰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)防,置(zhi)旃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辕门(men),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)葛覆质以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei){执木},流旁(pang)握(wo),御(yu){车(che)(che)}者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)得入(ru)”。是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)过君(jun)(jun)(jun)表即褐(he)缠(chan)旃是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)舞交衢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),衢,道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),谓(wei)御(yu)车(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)交道(dao),车(che)(che)旋(xuan)应於舞节。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)逐(zhu)禽左(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)御(yu)驱(qu)(qu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)车(che)(che),逆(ni)驱(qu)(qu)禽兽使左(zuo),当人(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),人(ren)君(jun)(jun)(jun)自(zi)左(zuo)射。故(gu)《毛传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“故(gu)自(zi)左(zuo)膘(biao)而(er)射之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),达于右(you)禺,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上杀。”又《礼(li)(li)记》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“佐(zuo)车(che)(che)止,则(ze)百姓田猎”是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)六(liu)书象(xiang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,皆依许氏《说(shuo)(shuo)文(wen)(wen)》。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)象(xiang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),日月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),象(xiang)日月形(xing)(xing)(xing)体而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)会意(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),武信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),人(ren)言为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)信(xin),止戈(ge)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)武,会合(he)人(ren)意(yi)(yi),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)会意(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)转注(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),考老之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),建类(lei)(lei)(lei)一(yi)首(shou),文(wen)(wen)意(yi)(yi)相受,左(zuo)右(you)相注(zhu)(zhu),故(gu)名(ming)(ming)转注(zhu)(zhu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)处事者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),上下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),人(ren)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)上为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上,人(ren)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)(xia),各有(you)(you)其(qi)处,事得其(qi)宜,故(gu)名(ming)(ming)处事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)假借(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),令长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),一(yi)字(zi)(zi)两用,故(gu)名(ming)(ming)假借(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)曰(yue)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)谐(xie)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即形(xing)(xing)(xing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),江河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)形(xing)(xing)(xing),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工可(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。但书有(you)(you)六(liu)体,形(xing)(xing)(xing)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)实多,若江河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)左(zuo)形(xing)(xing)(xing)右(you)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),鸠鸽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)右(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)左(zuo)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),草藻(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上形(xing)(xing)(xing)下(xia)(xia)(xia)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),婆(po)娑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)(xia)(xia)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疲国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外形(xing)(xing)(xing)内声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),阙衡(heng)衔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)外声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)内形(xing)(xing)(xing),此(ci)声(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等有(you)(you)六(liu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。依郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)义(yi)(yi),案《孝(xiao)经纬·援神契》,三皇(huang)无(wu)文(wen)(wen),则(ze)五(wu)帝已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)始有(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi),故(gu)说(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)苍颉为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黄(huang)帝史,而(er)造文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)起在(zai)(zai)黄(huang)帝,於後(hou)(hou)滋益而(er)多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)九数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),方田已(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),皆依《九章算(suan)术》而(er)言。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“今有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)差、夕(xi)桀、句(ju)股(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)汉(han)法增之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。马氏注(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)今有(you)(you)重(zhong)(zhong)差、夕(xi)桀,夕(xi)桀亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)算(suan)术之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming),与(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)异。案今《九章》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句(ju)股(gu)替旁(pang)要,则(ze)旁(pang)要,句(ju)股(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)(lei)(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)穆(mu)穆(mu)皇(huang)皇(huang)”至(zhi)“堂(tang)堂(tang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)意(yi)(yi)所释(shi),不(bu)依经典,故(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“祭祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)齐(qi)齐(qi)皇(huang)皇(huang),宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)穆(mu)穆(mu)皇(huang)皇(huang),朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)济济翔(xiang)翔(xiang)”,已(yi)(yi)上皆《礼(li)(li)记·少仪(yi)(yi)(yi)》文(wen)(wen);“丧纪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)累累颠颠,军(jun)旅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)暨(ji)暨(ji)讠(yan)各讠(yan)各”,《礼(li)(li)记·玉藻(zao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)(wen);“车(che)(che)马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)(rong)匪(fei)匪(fei)翼翼”,亦(yi)《少仪(yi)(yi)(yi)》文(wen)(wen)。故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)《少仪(yi)(yi)(yi)》注(zhu)(zhu)还引此(ci)六(liu)仪(yi)(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)证彼也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡祭祀、宾客、会同、丧纪、军旅,王举则从。听治亦如之。使其属守王闱。(闱,宫中之巷门。
○闱,音韦。)
[疏]“凡祭”至“王闱”
○释(shi)曰:言(yan)“亦(yi)(yi)如之(zhi)”已上(shang),与师氏同从王(wang)之(zhi)事。其属守(shou)王(wang)闱(wei)者(zhe),亦(yi)(yi)谓在国,其师氏守(shou)中门外,此保氏守(shou)王(wang)闱(wei)门。
司谏,掌纠万民之德而劝之朋友,正其行而强之道艺,巡问而观察之,以时书其德行道艺,辨其能而可任於国事者。(朋友,相切磋以善道也。强犹劝也。《学记》曰:“强而弗抑则易。”巡问,行问民间也。可任於国事,任吏职。
○强,其丈反(fan),注同。易,以豉反(fan)。)
[疏]“司谏”至“事者”
○释曰:“以时书其德行道艺”者,此万民时所习,即《大司徒》所云:“以乡三物教万民,一曰六德,知仁圣义忠和;二曰六行,孝友睦姻任恤。”此德行也。彼又云:“三曰六艺,礼乐射御书数。”即此道艺也。云“辨其能而可任於国事”者,案《乡大夫职》云“兴贤者能者”,贤谓德行,能谓道艺。彼则贤能俱兴,此直云办其能可任於国事,不言贤者,既办其能,则贤者自然亦办而举之可知也。
○注“朋友”至“吏职”
○释(shi)曰(yue):案郑(zheng)注《论语》“同(tong)(tong)门曰(yue)朋(peng),同(tong)(tong)志曰(yue)友(you)”,则彼其(qi)共在学者(zhe),切(qie)磋以(yi)道(dao)义。此劝(quan)万(wan)民为(wei)(wei)友(you)朋(peng),则若《孟子》所(suo)云(yun)“守望相助,出入相友(you)”者(zhe)同(tong)(tong),故郑(zheng)云(yun)切(qie)磋以(yi)善道(dao)也。云(yun)“任吏(li)职(zhi)”者(zhe),案《乡大夫》,所(suo)举(ju)者(zhe)谓(wei)乡民之(zhi)有(you)德(de)行道(dao)艺。云(yun)“办其(qi)能为(wei)(wei)吏(li)职(zhi)”者(zhe),亦谓(wei)以(yi)人(ren)治之(zhi)。若然,任吏(li)职(zhi)者(zhe)谓(wei)使为(wei)(wei)比长(zhang)、闾胥、族师之(zhi)类是(shi)也。
以考乡里之治,以诏废置,以行赦宥。(因巡问劝强万民,而考乡里吏民罪过,以告王所当罪不。
○行,下(xia)孟反,注同。)
[疏]注“因巡”至“罪不”
○释曰:“司谏考乡里之(zhi)治”者,由(you)上文巡问(wen)即察官民善不(bu)也。云“而考乡里吏民罪过”者,以巡问(wen)观察万民,则知吏之(zhi)治不(bu),故(gu)郑兼吏民总言之(zhi)。
司救,掌万民之[B103]恶过失而诛让之,以礼防禁而救之。([B103]恶,谓侮慢长老、语言无忌而未丽於罪者。过失,亦由[B103]恶酗[B12C]好讼,若抽拔兵器,误以行伤害人丽於罪者。诛,诛责也。古者重刑,且责怒之,未即罪也。
○救,如(ru)字,刘音拘。[B103],似嗟反(fan),注作[B103],同。酗,况付反(fan)。[B12C],音咏。好(hao)讼,呼报(bao)反(fan)。)
[疏]“司救”至“救之”
○释曰:云“掌万民之[B103]恶过失而诛让之”者,此经与下文二经为总目也。则云[B103]恶谓坐嘉石之罢民,不入圜土者。过失谓不坐嘉石入圜土者也。云而诛让之者,即下二文“三让”是也。云“以礼防禁而救之”者,此[B103]恶及过失,皆去冠饰,其过失者又使入圜土耳。云救之者,皆使困苦而令改恶从善,是救之也。
○注“[B103]恶”至“罪也”
○释(shi)曰(yue):[B103]恶云(yun)“未(wei)(wei)(wei)丽於罪(zui)(zui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)未(wei)(wei)(wei)附於圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)土之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“酗[B12C]”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),孔注《尚书》曰(yue):“以酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)凶曰(yue)酗。”此据(ju)字酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)旁为(wei)凶,是(shi)(shi)因(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)凶者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若然,[B12C]者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),荣下作酉,小人饮酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),一醉日富,亦因(yin)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)为(wei)荣。俱是(shi)(shi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)省(sheng)水之(zhi)(zhi)字也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“丽於罪(zui)(zui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)附圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)土罪(zui)(zui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)刑,且责怒之(zhi)(zhi),未(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)罪(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)云(yun)古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)重(zhong)(zhong)刑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),据(ju)周时为(wei)古。云(yun)责解经“诛”,怒之(zhi)(zhi)解经“罚(fa)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)未(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)罪(zui)(zui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各有所对,此圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)土对五刑之(zhi)(zhi)刑人,则是(shi)(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)罪(zui)(zui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以其(qi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)入五刑之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)(zui),且役之(zhi)(zhi)耳。郑(zheng)必知(zhi)过失亦由[B103]恶者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《司寇(kou)职》云(yun)“以嘉石平罢民(min)(min)”,又云(yun)“圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)土收教罢民(min)(min)”,二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同名(ming)罢民(min)(min),以其(qi)为(wei)恶大者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)因(yin)小以致大,故知(zhi)过失之(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)亦因(yin)[B103]恶之(zhi)(zhi)轻也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡民之有[B103]恶者,三让三罚,而士加明刑,耻诸嘉石,役诸司空。(罚谓挞击之也。加明刑者,去其冠饰,而书其[B103]恶之状,著之背也。嘉石,朝士所掌,在外朝之门左,使坐焉以耻辱之;既而役诸司空,使事官作之也。坐役之数,存於司寇。
○去,起吕反(fan)(fan)。著,直略(lve)反(fan)(fan),一音(yin)丁(ding)略(lve)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]“凡民”至“司空”
○释曰:此一经论[B103]恶嘉石之罢民也。云“三让而罚?恶者,凡欲治罚人者,皆先以言语责让之,乃行治罚。云“三罚而士加明刑”,三罚既讫,乃送司寇,使朝士於外朝坐嘉石耻之也。云“役诸司空”者,坐讫,乃送司空,使役之也。
○注“罚谓”至“司寇”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“加明刑(xing)者,去其(qi)(qi)(qi)冠饰”者,案《司圜(yuan)》云(yun)“凡害人(ren)者弗使(shi)冠饰”,彼据过失入(ru)圜(yuan)土者。但冠尊,不(bu)居肉袒(tan)之(zhi)体(ti),岂嘉石之(zhi)罢民而著冠乎?明其(qi)(qi)(qi)去冠饰也(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪(zui)状者,以其(qi)(qi)(qi)称明刑(xing),既不(bu)亏体(ti),明知(zhi)书(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪(zui)状著於背(bei)为(wei)明刑(xing)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“嘉石朝士”至“外(wai)朝之(zhi)门左”,并《朝士职》文(wen)。故彼云(yun)“左嘉石,平罢民也(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)“役(yi)(yi)(yi)诸司空(kong),使(shi)事(shi)官作之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者,以其(qi)(qi)(qi)司空(kong)主(zhu)事(shi)故也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“坐(zuo)役(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数(shu)(shu)存於司寇”者,《司寇》云(yun):“重罪(zui),旬有三日坐(zuo),期役(yi)(yi)(yi);其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)九(jiu)日坐(zuo),九(jiu)月(yue)(yue)役(yi)(yi)(yi);其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)七(qi)日坐(zuo),七(qi)月(yue)(yue)役(yi)(yi)(yi);其(qi)(qi)(qi)次(ci)五(wu)日坐(zuo),五(wu)月(yue)(yue)役(yi)(yi)(yi);其(qi)(qi)(qi)下罪(zui)三日坐(zuo),三月(yue)(yue)役(yi)(yi)(yi)。”是其(qi)(qi)(qi)坐(zuo)役(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也(ye)(ye)。
其有过失者,三让而罚,三罚而归於圜土。(圜土,狱城也。过失近罪,昼日任之以事而收之,夜藏於狱,亦如明刑以耻之。不使坐嘉石,其罪已著,未忍刑之。
○近,附近之近。)
[疏]“其有”至“圜土”
○释曰:此经论圜土之刑人。云“三让而罚”者,亦如上三度责让乃治罚之,三罚讫,乃归与司寇,使纳之圜土也。
○注“圜土”至“刑之”
○释曰(yue):云“过失近罪(zui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓对[B103]恶(e)未(wei)近罪(zui),此(ci)(ci)圜土之(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)(xing)人(ren),近五(wu)刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui),故(gu)入圜土也。云“昼日任之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)使(shi)司(si)空使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“收之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)罪(zui)重,使(shi)人(ren)收敛之(zhi)(zhi),不使(shi)漫游(you)。云“夜藏於狱”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此(ci)(ci)与(yu)嘉(jia)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)异。云“亦(yi)加明刑(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦(yi)如嘉(jia)石(shi)以(yi)书其(qi)罪(zui)状著(zhu)(zhu)於背以(yi)耻(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)。云“不使(shi)坐(zuo)(zuo)嘉(jia)石(shi),其(qi)罪(zui)已著(zhu)(zhu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼坐(zuo)(zuo)嘉(jia)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),罪(zui)轻未(wei)著(zhu)(zhu),须(xu)坐(zuo)(zuo)嘉(jia)石(shi),使(shi)众人(ren)知之(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)等罪(zui)重已著(zhu)(zhu),不须(xu)坐(zuo)(zuo)嘉(jia)石(shi)也。云“未(wei)忍刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),比五(wu)刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)又轻,故(gu)未(wei)忍刑(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)也。
凡岁时有天(tian)(tian)患民病(bing),则(ze)以节巡国(guo)中及郊野,而(er)以王命(ming)施惠(hui)。(天(tian)(tian)患,谓灾害也。节,旌节也。施惠(hui),周恤之。)
[疏]注“天患”至“恤之”
○释曰(yue):“天患,谓灾害也(ye)”者,谓天与人物为(wei)灾害,谓水旱之灾及(ji)疫病(bing)之害也(ye)。知(zhi)节(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)旌(jing)节(jie)(jie)者,道路(lu)用旌(jing)节(jie)(jie),此(ci)炯洳(ru)国及(ji)郊野是(shi)(shi)道路(lu)之事(shi),故知(zhi)旌(jing)节(jie)(jie)也(ye)。
调(diao)人,掌司万民(min)之(zhi)难而谐和之(zhi)。(难,相与为仇雠。谐犹调(diao)也。)
[疏]“调人”至“和之”
○释曰:此一经与下经为总目。言“万民之难”即下经“凡和难”已下是也。
○注“难相与为仇雠”
○释曰:言“仇(chou)雠”者,案(an)《左氏(shi)桓公传》云(yun)“怨(yuan)耦曰仇(chou)”,则仇(chou)是(shi)怨(yuan)也;雠谓报也,即(ji)下文(wen)“父之雠”已下,皆是(shi)怨(yuan)当报之,故云(yun)仇(chou)雠也。
凡过而杀伤人者(zhe),以民(min)(min)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。(过,无本意(yi)也(ye)(ye)。成(cheng),平也(ye)(ye)。郑司农云:“以民(min)(min)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi),谓立(li)证佐成(cheng)其罪也(ye)(ye)。一(yi)说以乡里之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)共和解之(zhi)(zhi),《春秋传》曰(yue)‘惠伯(bo)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)’之(zhi)(zhi)属。”)
[疏]“凡过”至“成之”
○释曰:此谓非故心,是过误攻杀或伤於人者。成平也。既非故心,故共乡里之民共和解之。
○注“过无”至“之属”
○释曰(yue):先(xian)郑虽(sui)为两说(shuo),後郑以後说(shuo)为是(shi)(shi),故下注(zhu)云“上说(shuo)立证佐成其(qi)罪,似非”也(ye)。此过(guo)失即《司(si)剌(la)》云“再宥(you)曰(yue)过(guo)失”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。引《春(chun)秋》者,《左氏》文七年传(chuan)云:“鲁穆伯(bo)娶於莒,曰(yue)戴(dai)己,其(qi)娣声己。戴(dai)己卒(zu),又(you)聘(pin)於莒,莒人以声己,辞则为襄仲(zhong)聘(pin)焉。”又(you)云:“且为仲(zhong)迎,及(ji)鄢陵,登城见之(zhi),美,自为娶之(zhi)。仲(zhong)请攻之(zhi),公将(jiang)许之(zhi),叔仲(zhong)惠(hui)伯(bo)谏曰(yue):‘臣闻兵作(zuo)於内为乱(luan),於外(wai)为寇(kou)。寇(kou)犹及(ji)人,乱(luan)自及(ji)也(ye)。今臣作(zuo)乱(luan)而君不(bu)禁(jin),以启寇(kou)雠,若之(zhi)何(he)?’公止之(zhi),惠(hui)伯(bo)成之(zhi)。”注(zhu)云:“平二子(zi),使仲(zhong)舍之(zhi),公孙敖(ao)反之(zhi),复(fu)为兄弟如初。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)事也(ye)。
鸟兽亦如之。(过失杀伤人之畜产者。
○畜,许又反。)
[疏]“鸟兽亦如之”
○释曰(yue):亦谓过(guo)误(wu)杀(sha)伤人(ren)之(zhi)鸟兽(shou),若鹰隼牛(niu)马之(zhi)属,亦以(yi)民平和之(zhi)。案:今(jin)杀(sha)伤人(ren)牛(niu)马之(zhi)等,偿其价直耳。和之(zhi)使辟(pi)於(wu)此,不得就而仇之(zhi)。
凡和难,父之雠辟诸海外,兄弟之雠辟诸千里之外,从父兄弟之雠不同国,君之雠氐父,师长之雠氐兄弟,主友之雠氐从父兄弟。(和之使辟於此,不得就而仇之。九夷、八蛮、六戎、五狄,谓之四海。主,大夫君也。《春秋传》曰:“晋荀偃卒而视不可含,宣子盥而抚之,曰:事吴敢不如事主。”
○辟,音避,下(xia)同。从,才用(yong)反。氐,音视。盥,音管。)
[疏]“凡和”至“兄弟”
○释曰:云“父之雠辟诸海外”已下,皆是杀人之贼,王法所当讨,即合杀之。但未杀之间,虽以会赦,犹当使离乡辟雠也。是以父之雠辟之海外,兄弟之雠辟诸千里之外。从父兄弟之雠不同国,别国即得。云“君之雠氐父者,谓同国人杀君,氐犹比,比父亦辟之海外。云“师长之雠氐兄弟”者,师长谓见受业师,与兄弟同。云“主友之雠氐从父兄弟”者,注云:“主,大夫君也。”此经略言,其不言者,皆以服约之:伯叔父母、姑姊妹、女子子在室及兄弟子、众子,一与兄弟同;其祖父母、曾祖父母、高祖父母,其孙承後,皆斩衰,皆与父同。其不承後者,祖与伯叔同,曾祖、高祖齐衰三月,皆与从父兄弟同,以其同绳屦故也。自外不见者,据服为断也。其兄弟及从父兄弟、师长、主友皆为无子,复无亲於己者,故据己亲疏为远近;若有子及亲於己,则自从亲为断。
○注“和之”至“事主”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue):云(yun)(yun)“和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)辟(pi)(pi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci)”者(zhe),此(ci)谓海(hai)外(wai)、千(qian)里外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等。云(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)夷(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等,据《职方》、《明堂位》而(er)言。案(an)(an)汉时徐(xu)州剌史荀文若问(wen)玄:“《周(zhou)礼》父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)辟(pi)(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)外(wai),今(jin)(jin)青州人雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)在(zai)辽东(dong),可(ke)以王(wang)法(fa)纵(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讨(tao)(tao)乎?”当(dang)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,玄已年(nian)(nian)老,昏耄(mao),意(yi)忘(wang)九(jiu)夷(yi)、八蛮(man)、六戎(rong)、五狄谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)海(hai)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)《周(zhou)礼》在(zai)四(si)海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如是,亦是远(yuan)矣(yi)。近则(ze)青州、辽东(dong)作难,未(wei)达(da)周(zhou)公圣意(yi)所趣(qu)。若文若之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难海(hai)水为(wei)四(si)海(hai),故(gu)今(jin)(jin)辨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)近东(dong)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,当(dang)辟(pi)(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi)戎(rong),馀皆放此(ci)。引《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》者(zhe),襄十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)《左(zuo)氏》,晋荀偃伐齐,十(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian),反(fan)(fan)。荀偃瘅疽,生(sheng)疡於(wu)(wu)头。济(ji)河,及著雍,病,目出。士(shi)モ请见,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纳(na)。请後(hou),曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)甥可(ke)。”甲寅(yin),卒(zu)而(er)视(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)含。宣(xuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)盥而(er)抚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“事(shi)吴(wu)敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如事(shi)主”是也(ye)(ye)。赵(zhao)商问(wen):“《调人职》称父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)诸海(hai)外(wai),君亦然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)。注‘使(shi)(shi)辟(pi)(pi)於(wu)(wu)此(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得就而(er)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’商以《春秋(qiu)(qiu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)非(fei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),臣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讨(tao)(tao)贼非(fei)臣。楚(chu)胜(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,犹言‘郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人在(zai)此(ci),雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan)矣(yi)’,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)以见雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讨(tao)(tao),於(wu)(wu)是伐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。臣感君恩,孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)思其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)报,和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)已。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)夏曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘居父(fu)母之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何?’孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘寝苦(ku)枕干(gan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仕(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)与(yu)共天下,遇诸朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)兵(bing)。’天下尚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)反(fan)(fan)兵(bing),海(hai)内何为(wei)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。岂宜不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)达(da)二礼所趣(qu)?小(xiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)惑,少蒙解说。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)答(da)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)在(zai)九(jiu)夷(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东(dong),八蛮(man)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南,六戎(rong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西(xi),五狄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北,虽(sui)有至孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,能往(wang)(wang)讨(tao)(tao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乎?子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所云(yun)(yun),偏於(wu)(wu)此(ci)义。”案(an)(an):楚(chu)胜(sheng),平(ping)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。平(ping)王(wang)为(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)木聘女於(wu)(wu)秦而(er)自纳(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)木奔郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)木为(wei)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)哀(ai)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)云(yun)(yun):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)木,其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)胜(sheng)在(zai)吴(wu),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)(shi)处境(jing)为(wei)白公。请伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘楚(chu)未(wei)节也(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)也(ye)(ye)。’他日又(you)请,许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。未(wei)起师,晋人伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),楚(chu)救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)盟。胜(sheng)怒曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人在(zai)此(ci),雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan)矣(yi)。’”又(you)云(yun)(yun):“秋(qiu)(qiu)七月,杀(sha)(sha)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)西(xi)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)期于朝。”是其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“虽(sui)有至孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,能往(wang)(wang)讨(tao)(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乎”者(zhe),欲明孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)虽(sui)会(hui)赦,恒有复(fu)(fu)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,故(gu)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)海(hai)外(wai),使(shi)(shi)绝(jue)忠臣孝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)心,使(shi)(shi)无(wu)往(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缘。其(qi)(qi)(qi)孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)“寝苦(ku)枕干(gan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仕(shi)”者(zhe),可(ke)通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui)赦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)恒然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),其(qi)(qi)(qi)君亦然(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran),恐来入中国(guo)则(ze)杀(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。复(fu)(fu)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),依《异义》古(gu)《周(zhou)礼》说,复(fu)(fu)雠(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)(chou)可(ke)尽五世,五世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内。五世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)己则(ze)无(wu)义,施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)彼则(ze)无(wu)罪。所复(fu)(fu)者(zhe)惟谓杀(sha)(sha)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen),乃在(zai)被杀(sha)(sha)者(zhe)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)孙,可(ke)尽五世得复(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
弗辟,则(ze)与之瑞节而(er)以(yi)执(zhi)之。(瑞节,玉(yu)节之玉(yu)圭也(ye)。和之而(er)不肯辟者,是(shi)不从王命也(ye)。王以(yi)玉(yu)圭使(shi)调人执(zhi)之,治其罪。)
[疏]“弗辟”至“执之”
○释曰:此经使辟者,其人恋乡不肯辟,是违王命之大,则在上与调人瑞节,执而付秋官,与之罪也。
○注“瑞节”至“其罪”
○释曰:郑知瑞节是(shi)玉(yu)(yu)圭(gui)(gui)者,案(an)《典瑞》云“玉(yu)(yu)圭(gui)(gui)以(yi)和难(nan)”,故知是(shi)玉(yu)(yu)圭(gui)(gui)也(ye)。郑又知司调人执(zhi)(zhi)瑞节,不使死家执(zhi)(zhi)之者,此王法知之,明使调人之官执(zhi)(zhi)之也(ye)。
凡杀人有反杀者,使邦国交雠之。(反,复也。复杀之者,此欲除害弱敌也。邦国交雠之,明不和,诸侯得者即诛之。郑司农云:“有反杀者,谓重杀也。”
○重,直(zhi)用反。)
[疏]“凡杀”至“雠之”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)“有反杀者”,反,复也(ye)。谓既杀一人,其(qi)有子(zi)弟复杀之(zhi),恐後与巳(si)为敌而(er)害己,故郑云(yun)(yun)欲除害弱敌也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“邦国(guo)交(jiao)雠(chou)之(zhi)”者,其(qi)杀人者或逃向邻国(guo),所之(zhi)之(zhi)国(guo),得则雠(chou)之(zhi),故云(yun)(yun)邦国(guo)交(jiao)雠(chou)之(zhi)也(ye)。
凡(fan)杀人而义者,不同国,令勿雠,雠之则死。(义,宜也(ye)。谓父母、兄弟、师长尝辱焉而杀之者,如是为得(de)其宜。虽所(suo)杀者人之父兄,不得(de)雠也(ye),使之不同国而已。)
[疏]注“义宜”至“而已”
○释曰:《论(lun)语》云:“见义(yi)(yi)不为,无勇(yong)也(ye)。”彼(bi)义(yi)(yi),则(ze)此(ci)有义(yi)(yi)者(zhe)也(ye),故云“义(yi)(yi),宜(yi)也(ye)”。谓父母、兄弟(di)(di)、师长三者(zhe)尝辱(ru)焉,子弟(di)(di)及弟(di)(di)子则(ze)得(de)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi),是得(de)其宜(yi)也(ye)。云“虽所杀(sha)者(zhe)人之(zhi)(zhi)父兄,不得(de)雠(chou)也(ye)”者(zhe),直言(yan)(yan)父兄不言(yan)(yan)子弟(di)(di),略之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。古者(zhe)质,故三者(zhe)被辱(ru),即得(de)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
凡有斗怒者,成之;不可成者,则书之,先动者诛之。(斗怒,辨讼者也。不可成,不可平也。书之,记其姓名,辨本也。郑司农云:“成之谓和之也。和之,犹今二千石以令解仇怨,後复相报,移徙之。此其类也。”玄谓上言“立证佐成其罪”,似非。
○复,扶(fu)又反,下(xia)“不复听(ting)”同。)
[疏]“凡有”至“诛之”
○释曰:言“斗怒”,则是言语忿争,未至殴击,故成之。若相殴击,则当罪之也,故郑云斗怒谓辩讼也。
○注“玄谓”至“似非”
○释曰:云(yun)“上言立(li)(li)证(zheng)”者(zhe),即经云(yun)“过而(er)杀伤人者(zhe),以(yi)民成(cheng)之”。司农於彼注两解之,初解成(cheng)谓立(li)(li)证(zheng)佐(zuo)成(cheng)其罪,复一解成(cheng)为和(he)平之义(yi)。此(ci)注先郑复云(yun)成(cheng)之谓和(he)之,以(yi)和(he)解成(cheng),则上文云(yun)“立(li)(li)证(zheng)佐(zuo)成(cheng)其罪”似非,取、以(yi)破前也。
媒氏,掌万民之判(pan)。(判(pan),半也(ye)。得耦为合(he),主(zhu)(zhu)合(he)其半,成夫妇也(ye)。《丧服传》曰(yue):“夫妻判(pan)合(he)。”郑司(si)农云:“主(zhu)(zhu)万民之判(pan)合(he)。”)
[疏]注“判半”至“判合”
○释曰:云(yun)“得(de)耦(ou)为合”者,始虽以万民为主,上(shang)至天子皆得(de)耦(ou)为合,主於万民而言(yan)。但士(shi)以上(shang)兼妾媵为异耳(er)。引《丧服传》者,证判(pan)为合义。
凡男女,自成名以上,皆书年月日名焉。(郑司农云:“成名谓子生三月,父名之。”
○上,时(shi)掌(zhang)反。)
[疏]“凡男”至“民焉”
○释曰:此经论媒氏之官。合男女,必先知男女年几,故万民之男女,自三月父名之以後,皆书年月日及名,以送与媒氏。媒氏官得之,以勘男三十、女二十,配成夫妇也。
○注“成名”至“名之”
○释曰(yue):“子生三月(yue)父名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)”,《礼记(ji)·内则》文。案《内则》,三月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)末(mo),父执子右手,孩而名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)。又云:“夫告(gao)宰名(ming),宰辩告(gao)诸(zhu)男名(ming),书曰(yue):某(mou)(mou)年某(mou)(mou)月(yue)某(mou)(mou)日某(mou)(mou)生,而藏之(zhi)(zhi)。”注引“桓六年,九月(yue)丁卯,子同生”是(shi)也(ye)。
令男三十而娶,女二十而嫁。(二三者,天地相承覆之数也。《易》曰“参天两地而奇数”焉。
○奇,於岂反,本或(huo)作倚,音同。)
[疏]注“二三”至“数焉”
○释(shi)曰(yue):云(yun)“二(er)(er)三者天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)相承(cheng)覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也”者,比二(er)(er)十(shi)女,三十(shi)男,法天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)相承(cheng)覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也。云(yun)“《易(yi)》曰(yue):参天(tian)(tian)(tian)两地(di)(di)(di)而奇数(shu)(shu)焉(yan)”者,案:《易(yi)·系辞》云(yun):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)一地(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er),天(tian)(tian)(tian)三地(di)(di)(di)四(si),天(tian)(tian)(tian)五地(di)(di)(di)六。”是就(jiu)奇数(shu)(shu)之(zhi)中,天(tian)(tian)(tian)三度(du)生,地(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er)度(du)生,象天(tian)(tian)(tian)二(er)(er)覆(fu)(fu)地(di)(di)(di)二(er)(er),故云(yun)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)相承(cheng)覆(fu)(fu)之(zhi)数(shu)(shu)也。
凡娶判妻入子者,皆书之。(书之者,以别未成昏礼者。郑司农云:“入子者,谓嫁女者也。”玄谓言入子者,容媵侄娣不聘之者。
○别,彼列反,下同。)
[疏]“凡娶”至“书之”
○释曰:云“凡”者,以其此经总说天子已下娶妻及媵之事,故云凡以广之。
○注“书之”至“之者”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue):媒(mei)氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)既(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)未(wei)成(cheng)昏(hun)(hun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藉(jie),书(shu)其已成(cheng)昏(hun)(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)别未(wei)昏(hun)(hun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待後(hou)昏(hun)(hun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“入子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)不(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),经“判妻”已是(shi)(shi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),後(hou)更言(yan)(yan)“入子(zi)(zi)”,明非(fei)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)入子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),容媵(ying)(ying)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)不(bu)聘(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)成(cheng)公九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)春二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)月(yue),伯(bo)姬归(gui)于宋。夏(xia),晋人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)来媵(ying)(ying)。是(shi)(shi)媵(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)书(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)待年(nian)(nian)於父母(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。隐二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)冬,伯(bo)姬归(gui)于纪(ji)。七年(nian)(nian)春三(san)(san)月(yue),叔姬归(gui)于纪(ji)。何(he)休云(yun)(yun):“叔姬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),伯(bo)姬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)媵(ying)(ying)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至是(shi)(shi)乃归(gui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),待年(nian)(nian)父母(mu)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。妇(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)八岁备(bei)数,十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五从(cong)嫡(di)(di),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)承事君子(zi)(zi)。媵(ying)(ying)贱(jian)书(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),後(hou)为(wei)嫡(di)(di),终有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)贤(xian)行(xing)。”郑(zheng)君或与(yu)(yu)(yu)何(he)休与(yu)(yu)(yu)?如是(shi)(shi)言(yan)(yan)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)判妻,侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)後(hou)去(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)存(cun)焉,故(gu)(gu)入子(zi)(zi)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)媵(ying)(ying)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)後(hou)去(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《昏(hun)(hun)礼(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)“虽无娣(di)(di)(di),媵(ying)(ying)先”,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)媵(ying)(ying)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)媵(ying)(ying)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di),不(bu)止是(shi)(shi)一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),既(ji)言(yan)(yan)媵(ying)(ying),又云(yun)(yun)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di),故(gu)(gu)知(zhi)别。且媵(ying)(ying)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)相对(dui),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)无媵(ying)(ying)称(cheng)。故(gu)(gu)庄公十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)秋(qiu),公子(zi)(zi)结媵(ying)(ying)陈人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妇(fu)于鄄,《公羊(yang)》云(yun)(yun):“媵(ying)(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)?诸(zhu)侯娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一国(guo),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)国(guo)往媵(ying)(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)从(cong)。”是(shi)(shi)其义(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。媒(mei)氏(shi)掌(zhang)万民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)判,得有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)媵(ying)(ying)与(yu)(yu)(yu)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)或无妾(qie),亦(yi)容有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。且媒(mei)氏(shi)所掌(zhang),虽以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)万民为(wei)主,亦(yi)容有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)尊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa),故(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)容媵(ying)(ying)侄(zhi)(zhi)娣(di)(di)(di)不(bu)聘(pin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。知(zhi)不(bu)聘(pin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),见《内则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)》云(yun)(yun)“聘(pin)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)妻,奔则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)为(wei)妾(qie)”故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王(wang)肃曰(yue)(yue):“《周官》云(yun)(yun)‘令(ling)男(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)’,谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)男(nan)(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限(xian),嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)不(bu)得过此也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)男(nan)(nan),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),不(bu)待礼(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所奔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)禁,娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)何(he)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限(xian)。前(qian)贤(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)言(yan)(yan),丈夫(fu)(fu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)敢不(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)室(shi)(shi),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五不(bu)敢不(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其家(jia)(jia)(jia)。《家(jia)(jia)(jia)语》鲁哀公问於孔子(zi)(zi):‘男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六精通,女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)化,是(shi)(shi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生民矣。闻礼(li)(li)男(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)室(shi)(shi),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夫(fu)(fu),岂不(bu)晚哉?’孔子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):‘夫(fu)(fu)礼(li)(li)言(yan)(yan)其极,亦(yi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)过。男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端;女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五许嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。於此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)往,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)自昏(hun)(hun)矣。’然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)男(nan)(nan)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),中(zhong)春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),所谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)其极法(fa)耳。”昭曰(yue)(yue):“《礼(li)(li)记(ji)·本命》曰(yue)(yue):‘中(zhong)男(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),合於中(zhong)节。大古男(nan)(nan)五十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)室(shi)(shi),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)。’《尚(shang)书(shu)·大传》曰(yue)(yue):‘孔子(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):男(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),通於织纺(fang)绩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,黼黻(fu)文章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,不(bu)若是(shi)(shi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)上无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孝(xiao)於舅姑,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下(xia)无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)事夫(fu)(fu)养子(zi)(zi),’《梁传》曰(yue)(yue):‘男(nan)(nan)子(zi)(zi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)冠(guan)(guan),冠(guan)(guan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)列(lie)丈夫(fu)(fu),三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。’尹(yin)更始云(yun)(yun):‘男(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五许嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),笄,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)。’《曲礼(li)(li)》‘三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)壮,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)室(shi)(shi)。’卢氏(shi)云(yun)(yun):‘三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)盛壮,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)。’《内则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)》‘三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)室(shi)(shi),始理男(nan)(nan)事。女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五笄,二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)故(gu)(gu),二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)’。经有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)‘夫(fu)(fu)妇(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长殇’,旧说三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夫(fu)(fu)妇(fu)长殇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),何(he)关盛衰(shuai)。一说关畏(wei)厌溺而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)伤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。卢氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)衰(shuai)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。张融从(cong)郑(zheng)及(ji)诸(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)说。又《春秋(qiu)外传》,越王(wang)勾(gou)践蕃育人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)速报吴,故(gu)(gu)男(nan)(nan)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)子(zi)(zi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia),如是(shi)(shi),足明正礼(li)(li)男(nan)(nan)不(bu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)娶(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)不(bu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)可(ke)知(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”
中春(chun)之(zhi)月(yue),令会男女。(中春(chun),阴(yin)阳交,以(yi)成昏(hun)礼,顺天时也。)
[疏]“中春”至“男女”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):王肃论云(yun)(yun)(yun):“吾幼(you)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郑学之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)谬言寻其(qi)义(yi),乃(nai)知(zhi)古(gu)人(ren)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)於(wu)冬(dong)。自马氏(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,乃(nai)因(yin)《周官》而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有二(er)月(yue)(yue)。《诗(shi)》‘东门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)杨,其(qi)叶’,毛(mao)(mao)传曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)失(shi)时,不(bu)逮秋冬(dong)。’三(san)(san)星,参(can)也(ye),十月(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)见(jian)东方,时可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)嫁(jia)(jia)娶。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun):“时尚(shang)暇(xia)务须合昏(hun)因(yin),万(wan)(wan)物(wu)闭藏於(wu)冬(dong),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,娶妻入室,长养(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,亦不(bu)失(shi)也(ye)。孙卿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘霜降(jiang)(jiang)逆(ni)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),冰(bing)(bing)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)杀(sha)止。’《诗(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘将子(zi)(zi)无(wu)怒,秋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi)。’《韩诗(shi)传》亦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘古(gu)者霜降(jiang)(jiang)逆(ni)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),冰(bing)(bing)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)杀(sha)止,士(shi)(shi)如(ru)归(gui)(gui)妻,迨(dai)(dai)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)。’为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)验也(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)‘归(gui)(gui),使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来归(gui)(gui)於(wu)己,谓请期(qi)时’。来归(gui)(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,非请期(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名也(ye)。或(huo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)亲迎用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昏(hun),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘旭日(ri)(ri)始(shi)旦’,何(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)哉?《诗(shi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鸣雁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时纳采(cai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)感(gan)时而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)亲迎,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《周官》中(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)令(ling)(ling)会男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无(wu)夫(fu)家(jia)者,於(wu)是时奔(ben)(ben)者不(bu)禁,则昏(hun)姻(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)非此(ci)日(ri)(ri)也(ye)。《孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)家(jia)语》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘霜降(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)妇功成,嫁(jia)(jia)娶者行焉。冰(bing)(bing)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)农业起,昏(hun)礼杀(sha)於(wu)此(ci)。’又(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘冬(dong)合男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),秋班时位也(ye)。’”《诗(shi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“有女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)怀春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun),吉(ji)士(shi)(shi)诱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)日(ri)(ri)迟(chi)(chi)迟(chi)(chi),女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)心伤(shang)(shang)悲(bei)(bei);绸(chou)(chou)缪(mou)束刍,三(san)(san)星在(zai)隅;我行其(qi)野,蔽(bi)芾(fei)(fei)其(qi)樗(chu);仓(cang)(cang)庚(geng)于飞,熠(yi)(yi)其(qi)羽。”《诗(shi)·殷颂》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)命玄(xuan)(xuan)鸟,降(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生商。”《月(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》:“仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)玄(xuan)(xuan)鸟至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大牢祠于高,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)亲往(wang)。”玄(xuan)(xuan)鸟生乳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)嫁(jia)(jia)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)候(hou),天(tian)子(zi)(zi)重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)祀焉。凡此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)与(yu)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)嫁(jia)(jia)娶为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)候(hou)者也(ye)。《夏小(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“二(er)月(yue)(yue),冠子(zi)(zi)嫁(jia)(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)娶妻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时。”秋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)期(qi),此(ci)淫奔(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时。《夏小(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“二(er)月(yue)(yue),绥多士(shi)(shi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),交昏(hun)於(wu)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)。”《易·泰卦》:“六五(wu),帝乙(yi)归(gui)(gui)妹(mei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祉(zhi)元吉(ji)。”郑说(shuo)六五(wu)爻(yao),辰(chen)在(zai)卯(mao),春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阳中(zhong),万(wan)(wan)物(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生,生育者嫁(jia)(jia)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵,仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),嫁(jia)(jia)娶男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,福(fu)禄大吉(ji)。《易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《咸(xian)卦》,柔上刚下,二(er)气感(gan)应以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)与(yu)。皆(jie)(jie)说(shuo)男(nan)下女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)。《召南(nan)·草虫》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi),夫(fu)人(ren)待礼,随从在(zai)涂,见(jian)采(cai)鳖(bie)者以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诗(shi)自兴。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)如(ru)归(gui)(gui)妻,迨(dai)(dai)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)”。旧说(shuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun):士(shi)(shi)如(ru)归(gui)(gui)妻,我尚(shang)及(ji)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)定纳。其(qi)篇义(yi)云(yun)(yun)(yun):嫁(jia)(jia)娶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun),阳气始(shi)生万(wan)(wan)物(wu),嫁(jia)(jia)娶亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生类,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《管(guan)子(zi)(zi)篇·时令(ling)(ling)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)”。融谨(jin)案:《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》鲁送夫(fu)人(ren)、嫁(jia)(jia)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),四时通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),无(wu)讥文。然则孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)制素王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遗後世,男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)时盛(sheng)年为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de),不(bu)限以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)月(yue)(yue)。《家(jia)语》限以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冬(dong),不(bu)附於(wu)《春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)秋》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)经,如(ru)是则非孔(kong)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言嫁(jia)(jia)娶也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun),著(zhu)在(zai)《诗(shi)》、《易》、《夏小(xiao)(xiao)正(zheng)(zheng)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,且仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有期(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言;秋、冬(dong)、春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)三(san)(san)时嫁(jia)(jia)娶,何(he)(he)自违也(ye)。《家(jia)语》冬(dong)合男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)穷天(tian)数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)语。《诗(shi)》、《易》、《礼》传所载(zai),《咸(xian)》、《泰》、《归(gui)(gui)妹(mei)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦,《国风·行露》、《绸(chou)(chou)缪(mou)》“有女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)怀春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)”、“仓(cang)(cang)庚(geng)于飞,熠(yi)(yi)其(qi)羽”、“春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)日(ri)(ri)迟(chi)(chi)迟(chi)(chi)”、“乐与(yu)公(gong)子(zi)(zi)同归(gui)(gui)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌,《小(xiao)(xiao)雅》“我行其(qi)野,蔽(bi)芾(fei)(fei)其(qi)樗(chu)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹,此(ci)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证也(ye)。礼,诸侯越国娶女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)及(ji)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)散请期(qi),乃(nai)足容往(wang)反也(ye)。秋如(ru)期(qi)往(wang),淫奔(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv),不(bu)能待年,故(gu)(gu)(gu)设秋迎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)。《标有梅》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi),殷纣暴乱,娶失(shi)其(qi)盛(sheng)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年,习乱思治,故(gu)(gu)(gu)戒文王能使男(nan)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)得(de)及(ji)其(qi)时。陈(chen)、晋(jin)弃《周礼》,为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国乱悲(bei)(bei)伤(shang)(shang),故(gu)(gu)(gu)刺昏(hun)姻(yin)不(bu)及(ji)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)。玄(xuan)(xuan)说(shuo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“嫁(jia)(jia)娶以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)”,既有群(qun)证,故(gu)(gu)(gu)孔(kong)晁曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“‘有女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)怀春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)’,毛(mao)(mao)云(yun)(yun)(yun):春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)不(bu)暇(xia),待秋。‘春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)日(ri)(ri)迟(chi)(chi)迟(chi)(chi)’,‘女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)心伤(shang)(shang)悲(bei)(bei)’,谓蚕事(shi)始(shi)起,感(gan)事(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)悲(bei)(bei)。‘蔽(bi)芾(fei)(fei)其(qi)樗(chu)’,喻(yu)愚恶夫(fu)。‘熠(yi)(yi)其(qi)羽’,喻(yu)嫁(jia)(jia)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)饰。‘三(san)(san)星在(zai)隅’,孟冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue)(yue),参(can)见(jian)东方,举正(zheng)(zheng)昏(hun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)剌时。”此(ci)虽用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毛(mao)(mao)义(yi),未(wei)(wei)若郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)礼”为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)密(mi)也(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“匏有苦叶,济(ji)有深(shen)涉”,笺云(yun)(yun)(yun):“匏叶苦而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)渡处深(shen),谓八月(yue)(yue)时。时阴(yin)阳交会,始(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏(hun)礼,纳采(cai)问名。”又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)如(ru)归(gui)(gui)妻,迨(dai)(dai)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)泮(pan)(pan)(pan)”,笺云(yun)(yun)(yun):“归(gui)(gui)妻,使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来归(gui)(gui)於(wu)己,谓请期(qi)冰(bing)(bing)未(wei)(wei)散,正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)二(er)月(yue)(yue)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏(hun)。”然则以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)其(qi)实,惟为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有故(gu)(gu)(gu)者,得(de)不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仲(zhong)春(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)。
於(wu)是时也(ye),奔者不禁(jin)。(重天时,权许之也(ye)。)
[疏]注“重天”至“之也”
○释曰:云“於是时(shi)”,谓是仲(zhong)春时(shi)。此月(yue)既(ji)是娶(qu)女之月(yue),若有父母(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)娶(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁之者(zhe),自相奔就,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)禁之。但人而无礼(li),胡不(bu)(bu)(bu)遄死,以(yi)当礼(li)乃可(ke)得(de)为配。言(yan)“奔者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禁”者(zhe),郑(zheng)云“权许之”,其实非正礼(li)也。
若无故而不用令者,罚之。(无故,谓无丧祸之变也。有丧祸者娶,得用非中春之月。《杂记》曰:“己虽小功,既卒哭。可以冠子娶妻。”
○冠,古唤反(fan)。)
[疏]注“无故”至“娶妻”
○释曰:言(yan)“令(ling)”者,即上“中(zhong)春之(zhi)月(yue),令(ling)会男女”。男女有丧祸之(zhi)故(gu),得不用中(zhong)春令(ling)。无故(gu)不用令(ling),则罪罚之(zhi)也(ye)。注引《杂记》者,证丧祸之(zhi)故(gu)於月(yue)数满,虽(sui)非中(zhong)春,可以嫁娶也(ye)。云(yun)“己虽(sui)小(xiao)功(gong)”者,彼上文(wen)有父小(xiao)功(gong)之(zhi)未可以冠娶,故(gu)云(yun)己虽(sui)小(xiao)功(gong)也(ye)。
司男女之(zhi)(zhi)无夫(fu)家者(zhe)而会之(zhi)(zhi)。(司犹察也。无夫(fu)家,谓男女之(zhi)(zhi)鳏寡(gua)者(zhe)。)
[疏]“司男”至“会之”
○释曰:上文(wen)已云令会男(nan)(nan)女谓无夫家(jia)者也,今又言司(si)察男(nan)(nan)女无夫家(jia),是尝已有匹配(pei),故郑云“无夫家(jia)谓男(nan)(nan)女之鳏寡者”也。
凡嫁子娶妻,入币纯帛,无过五两。(纯,实缁字也。古缁以才为声。纳币用缁,妇人阴也。凡於娶礼,必用其类。五两,十端也。必言两者,欲得其配合之名。十者,象五行十日相成也。士大夫乃以玄束帛,天子加以圭,诸侯加以大璋。《杂记》曰:“纳币一束,束五两,两五寻。”然则每端二丈。
○纯,则其(qi)反(fan),依字从(cong)糸才(cai)。)
[疏]注“纯实”至“二丈”
○释曰:凡(fan)嫁子(zi)娶妻(qi)(qi)含尊卑,但(dan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)缁(zi)帛(bo),文(wen)主庶人(ren)耳。注“纯(chun)(chun)实缁(zi)字(zi)也(ye),古缁(zi)以(yi)(yi)才为(wei)(wei)(wei)声(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),缁(zi)以(yi)(yi)丝(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei),才为(wei)(wei)(wei)声(sheng),故(gu)(gu)(gu)误为(wei)(wei)(wei)纯(chun)(chun)字(zi)。但(dan)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缁(zi)有(you)二(er)(er)(er)种:其缁(zi)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缁(zi),系旁甾,後不(bu)误,故(gu)(gu)(gu)礼(li)有(you)缁(zi)布冠(guan)、缁(zi)布衣(yi)(yi)(yi),存古字(zi);若以(yi)(yi)丝(si)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缁(zi),则(ze)系旁才,此字(zi)诸(zhu)处不(bu)同。丝(si)理明(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)即(ji)破为(wei)(wei)(wei)色,此纯(chun)(chun)帛(bo)及《祭统》“蚕事以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)纯(chun)(chun)服(fu)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)《论语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“麻冕,礼(li)也(ye),今也(ye)纯(chun)(chun)俭”。如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,皆丝(si)理自明(ming),即(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)色解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《昏(hun)礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“女次(ci)纯(chun)(chun)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)”,郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“纯(chun)(chun)衣(yi)(yi)(yi),丝(si)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)。”以(yi)(yi)《昏(hun)礼(li)》直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)纯(chun)(chun)衣(yi)(yi)(yi),丝(si)理不(bu)明(ming),故(gu)(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)丝(si)衣(yi)(yi)(yi)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五(wu)(wu)两(liang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)端”者(zhe)(zhe),古者(zhe)(zhe)二(er)(er)(er)端相(xiang)向(xiang)卷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),共为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)两(liang),五(wu)(wu)两(liang)故(gu)(gu)(gu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)端也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)象五(wu)(wu)行(xing)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)相(xiang)成(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),《左(zuo)传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)有(you)六(liu)气”,降生五(wu)(wu)行(xing),行(xing)各有(you)二(er)(er)(er)日(ri)。东方(fang)木(mu)(mu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)甲(jia)乙,南方(fang)火为(wei)(wei)(wei)丙丁,中央土(tu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)戊己,西方(fang)金为(wei)(wei)(wei)庚辛,北方(fang)水为(wei)(wei)(wei)壬癸,是十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri)。言(yan)相(xiang)成(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe),木(mu)(mu)八(ba)为(wei)(wei)(wei)金九妻(qi)(qi),火七为(wei)(wei)(wei)水六(liu)妻(qi)(qi),土(tu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)八(ba)妻(qi)(qi),金九为(wei)(wei)(wei)火七妻(qi)(qi),水六(liu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)五(wu)(wu)妻(qi)(qi),所克者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)妻(qi)(qi),是夫(fu)妻(qi)(qi)相(xiang)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“土(tu)大(da)夫(fu)乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)玄(xuan)(xuan)束(shu)帛(bo)”者(zhe)(zhe),案:士(shi)昏(hun)礼(li)玄(xuan)(xuan)束(shu)帛(bo),大(da)夫(fu)昏(hun)礼(li)而有(you)改娶者(zhe)(zhe),依士(shi)礼(li)用(yong)玄(xuan)(xuan),故(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)士(shi)大(da)夫(fu)用(yong)玄(xuan)(xuan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)子(zi)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)圭,诸(zhu)侯加(jia)以(yi)(yi)大(da)璋”者(zhe)(zhe),《玉人(ren)》文(wen)。谓加(jia)於玄(xuan)(xuan)束(shu)帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)礼(li)。引《杂记》者(zhe)(zhe),证五(wu)(wu)两(liang),两(liang)五(wu)(wu)寻四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“纳币一(yi)束(shu),束(shu)五(wu)(wu)两(liang),两(liang)五(wu)(wu)寻”者(zhe)(zhe),寻八(ba)尺,则(ze)一(yi)两(liang)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尺。五(wu)(wu)两(liang),四(si)五(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),总二(er)(er)(er)百尺,故(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)玄(xuan)(xuan)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然则(ze)每端二(er)(er)(er)丈”。若馀行(xing)礼(li),则(ze)用(yong)制币丈八(ba)尺,取俭亦共此昏(hun)礼(li),每端二(er)(er)(er)丈,取诚实之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,故(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)二(er)(er)(er)丈整数为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
禁迁(qian)葬(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)与嫁殇(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)。(迁(qian)葬(zang),谓生时非夫妇(fu),死既葬(zang),迁(qian)之使相从也。殇(shang)十九以下未嫁而死者(zhe)(zhe)。生不以礼相接,死而合之,是亦乱(luan)人伦者(zhe)(zhe)也。郑司农(nong)云:“嫁殇(shang)者(zhe)(zhe),谓嫁死人也。今时娶会是也。”)
[疏]“禁迁”至“殇者”
○释曰(yue):迁(qian)葬,谓成人(ren)鳏寡,生(sheng)时非(fei)夫(fu)妇(fu),死乃嫁(jia)之(zhi)。嫁(jia)殇(shang)(shang)者(zhe),生(sheng)年(nian)十九已(yi)下而死,死乃嫁(jia)之(zhi)。不言殇(shang)(shang)娶者(zhe),举女殇(shang)(shang),男可知也(ye)。
凡男女之阴讼,听之于胜国之社;其附于刑者,归之于士。(阴讼,争中之事以触法者。胜国,亡国也。亡国之社,奄其上而栈其下,使无所通。就之以听阴讼之情,明不当宣露。其罪不在赦宥者,直归士而刑之,不复以听。士,司寇之属。《诗》云:“墙有茨,不可埽也。中之言,不可道也。所可道也,言之丑也。”
○,古候反(fan)(fan)。栈,士(shi)板反(fan)(fan),刘(liu)才产反(fan)(fan),或士(shi)谏反(fan)(fan)。茨,音疾私(si)反(fan)(fan)。)
[疏]注“阴讼”至“丑也”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)(yun)(yun)“阴(yin)讼(song),争(zheng)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓若(ruo)《诗(shi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)以(yi)触(chu)法也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo),亡国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),此社(she)(she)(she)有四名(ming)。若(ruo)此往(wang)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)得彼(bi)国(guo)(guo),将社(she)(she)(she)来,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo),即(ji)此文是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)据彼(bi)国(guo)(guo)丧亡,则谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she),引(yin)《公(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。又名(ming)丧国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she),《郊特牲(sheng)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“丧国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)必屋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。据其(qi)(qi)地则曰(yue)亳社(she)(she)(she),则《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亳社(she)(she)(she)灾”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)亡国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)郑引(yin)《公(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)亡国(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“亡国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《公(gong)羊(yang)传(chuan)》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“奄其(qi)(qi)上”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),即(ji)《郊特牲(sheng)》“屋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)受天阳(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”是(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“栈其(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓於(wu)下(xia)(xia)著柴以(yi)栈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使(shi)不(bu)(bu)通阴(yin)故(gu)也(ye)(ye),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“使(shi)无所通”也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)听(ting)(ting)(ting)阴(yin)讼(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,明不(bu)(bu)当宣露(lu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)(qi)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)上下(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)通,是(shi)不(bu)(bu)宣露(lu)。中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)亦不(bu)(bu)宣露(lu),故(gu)就(jiu)而听(ting)(ting)(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),案《诗(shi)》召伯听(ting)(ting)(ting)男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讼(song)於(wu)小棠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)在(zai)胜(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)国(guo)(guo)社(she)(she)(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),彼(bi)谓周(zhou)公(gong)未制礼前,此据制礼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後,故(gu)不(bu)(bu)同。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)罪不(bu)(bu)在(zai)赦宥(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),直归(gui)士而刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)复以(yi)听(ting)(ting)(ting)”,释经(jing)“附於(wu)刑者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)归(gui)於(wu)士”。若(ruo)然(ran)(ran),在(zai)赦宥(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)媒氏听(ting)(ting)(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士,司寇(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案《司寇(kou)》有士师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等属司寇(kou),故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属。是(shi)以(yi)郑注《诗(shi)》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)“士师(shi)所当审”也(ye)(ye)。诗(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),邶诗(shi),剌卫宣公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),证经(jing)所听(ting)(ting)(ting)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。
司,掌之治教、政刑、量度、禁令。(量,豆、区、斗、斛之属。度,丈尺也。
○治(zhi),直吏反,下及(ji)“大治(zhi)”、“小治(zhi)”同。区,乌候反。)
[疏]“司”至“禁令”
○释曰:此经与下文为总目。云“掌之治”者,下文云“听大治小治”是也。教,即此下文“以次叙分地”之等,谓教之处置货物是也。政者,即下文云“以政令禁物靡”等是也。刑者,即下文云“以刑罚禁”是也。量度,即下文云“以量度成贾”是也。禁令者,即下文云“以贾民禁伪”是也。
○注“量豆”至“尺也”
○释曰:“豆区(qu)斗斛(hu)之属”者,豆、区(qu),即昭三年晏子云(yun)“齐旧四量,豆、区(qu)、釜、锺(zhong)”是也。云(yun)斗斛(hu),即《律(lv)历志》云(yun)“合升(sheng)(sheng)斗斛(hu)”是也。此不言釜锺(zhong)与升(sheng)(sheng)者,“之属”中兼之也。
以次叙分地而经,(次谓吏所治舍,思次、介次也,若今亭然。叙,肆行列也。经,界也。
○行,户刚反,下“行列”同。)
[疏]“以次”至“经”
○释曰:司之官以次叙二事,分地而置之,而以经界其市,使各有处所,不相杂乱也。
○注“次谓”至“界也”
○释曰:云(yun)“次(ci)谓(wei)吏所治(zhi)舍(she)”者,吏即(ji)(ji)下文(wen)司、贾师莅思(si)次(ci)、介(jie)次(ci)者是也(ye)。云(yun)“若今(jin)亭然”者,举(ju)汉法而言。云(yun)“叙(xu)(xu)(xu),肆(si)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie)也(ye)”者,以(yi)其言叙(xu)(xu)(xu)即(ji)(ji)行(xing)(xing)肆(si)之列(lie)(lie)(lie),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie)解之。案《内宰职》云(yun)“设其次(ci),置其叙(xu)(xu)(xu),正其肆(si)”。注云(yun):“次(ci),思(si)次(ci)。叙(xu)(xu)(xu),介(jie)次(ci)。”不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie),与此(ci)注违者,彼文(wen)次(ci)与叙(xu)(xu)(xu)下更云(yun)“正其肆(si)”,则肆(si)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie),故(gu)分(fen)次(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)思(si)次(ci),以(yi)叙(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)介(jie)次(ci)也(ye)。此(ci)文(wen)不(bu)具,直有次(ci)叙(xu)(xu)(xu),无言正其肆(si),故(gu)并思(si)介(jie)同(tong)名为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci),叙(xu)(xu)(xu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)(lie)。此(ci)郑望文(wen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义,故(gu)注不(bu)同(tong)。
以陈肆办(ban)物(wu)而平(ping),(陈犹(you)列也。辨物(wu),物(wu)异(yi)(yi)肆也。肆异(yi)(yi)则平(ping)。)
[疏]“以陈”至“平”
○释(shi)曰:陈(chen),列也,谓行列其(qi)廛(chan)肆而(er)辨其(qi)物。物异则贾平(ping),故(gu)云平(ping)也。
以政令禁物靡而均,(物靡者,易售而无用,禁之则均。郑司农云:“靡谓侈靡也。”
○易,以豉反,下“之易”同。售(shou),受又反。)
[疏]释(shi)曰:司出政(zheng)令而禁(jin)其(qi)物(wu)(wu)货(huo)细靡(mi)者,但物(wu)(wu)货(huo)细靡(mi),人买之(zhi)者多,贵(gui)而无用,令使(shi)粗物(wu)(wu)买之(zhi)者少而贱,使(shi)贾不(bu)平(ping)(ping),令禁(jin)之(zhi)则物(wu)(wu)均平(ping)(ping),故云(yun)“均”也。
以商贾阜货而行布,(通物曰商,居卖物曰贾。阜犹盛也。郑司农云:“布谓泉也。”
○贾,音(yin)古(gu),注“曰(yue)贾”、下(xia)“商贾”、“贾师”皆同。)
[疏]“以商”至“行布”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):郑知“通(tong)物曰(yue)(yue)(yue)商(shang)(shang)”者(zhe),《易》云(yun)(yun):“至日闭关(guan),商(shang)(shang)旅(lv)不行;除(chu)至之日,商(shang)(shang)旅(lv)则(ze)行。”故郑注《大宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)“行曰(yue)(yue)(yue)商(shang)(shang)”。行商(shang)(shang)则(ze)是通(tong)物者(zhe)也(ye)。郑知居卖(mai)物曰(yue)(yue)(yue)贾者(zhe),商(shang)(shang)既(ji)通(tong)物,明贾则(ze)在而(er)居卖(mai)物者(zhe)也(ye)。故郑注《大宰(zai)》云(yun)(yun)“处曰(yue)(yue)(yue)贾也(ye)”。由(you)此二等之人,或通(tong)货,或在卖(mai)之,故货贿阜盛而(er)布(bu)泉得行,故云(yun)(yun)“阜货而(er)行布(bu)”也(ye)。
以量度成贾而徵亻卖,(徵,召也。亻卖,买也。物有定贾则买者来也。
○成(cheng)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),音嫁(jia),注下(xia)不音者皆同,聂氏(shi)及沈云(yun):成(cheng)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、定贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、奠物、贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)其贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、平(ping)大(da)贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、小贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)贱、恒贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)、而故贾(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia),凡十二,音嫁(jia),馀音古。亻(ren)卖,刘音育,聂氏(shi)音笛,《字(zi)林(lin)》他竺反(fan)。)
[疏]“以量”至“徵亻卖”
○释曰:量,以量梁之等。度,以度布绢之等。成,定也。二物以量度以定物贾。徵,召也。亻卖,买之。物贾定则召买者来,故云徵亻卖也。
○注“徵召也亻卖贾也物有定贾则买者来也”
○释曰:知亻(ren)卖(mai)(mai)为买(mai)者,以(yi)言徵召买(mai)者,故以(yi)亻(ren)卖(mai)(mai)为买(mai)。此字(zi)所训(xun)不定。案:下(xia)文所云“贵亻(ren)卖(mai)(mai)者”,郑注“贵卖(mai)(mai)之”,郑亦望(wang)文为义,故注不同也。
以质剂结信而止讼,(质剂,谓两书一札而别之也。若今下手书,言保物要还矣。郑司农云:“质剂,月平。”
○剂,子(zi)随反(fan)(fan)。平,皮命反(fan)(fan),下“月(yue)平”同。)
[疏]“以质”至“止讼”
○释曰:质剂谓券书,恐民失信,有所违负,故为券书结之,使有信也。民之狱讼,本由无信,既结信则无讼,故云“止讼”也。
○注“质剂”至“月平”
○释曰:下《质(zhi)(zhi)人》云“大(da)以(yi)(yi)质(zhi)(zhi),小以(yi)(yi)剂”,故知质(zhi)(zhi)剂是券书(shu)(shu)。是以(yi)(yi)郑(zheng)云“两书(shu)(shu)一札而别之(zhi)”。古者未(wei)有(you)纸,故以(yi)(yi)札书(shu)(shu)。《小宰(zai)职》注云:“两书(shu)(shu)一札,同而别之(zhi)。”此不(bu)云同,明亦(yi)有(you)同义(yi)也(ye)。郑(zheng)云“若令下手书(shu)(shu)”者,汉时下手书(shu)(shu),即(ji)今画指(zhi)券,与古质(zhi)(zhi)剂同也(ye)。先郑(zheng)云“质(zhi)(zhi)剂,月(yue)平”,《小宰(zai)》先郑(zheng)注亦(yi)如此解,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)月(yue)平若今之(zhi)估文(wen)书(shu)(shu),亦(yi)得(de)为(wei)一义(yi),故後郑(zheng)每引(yin)之(zhi)在下也(ye)。
以贾民禁伪而除诈,(贾民,胥师、贾师之属。必以贾民为之者,知物之情伪与实诈。
○贾民(min),刘音嫁,聂、沈音古,注(zhu)“贾民(min)”同(tong)。)
[疏]“以贾”至“除诈”
○释曰:司之官,用贾民知物真伪者,使禁物之伪,而除去人之诈虚也。
○注“贾民”至“实诈”
○释(shi)曰:知贾(jia)(jia)民是(shi)胥(xu)师(shi)、贾(jia)(jia)师(shi)之(zhi)属(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe),案下《胥(xu)师(shi)职》云(yun)(yun):“察其诈(zha)伪饰行亻卖慝者(zhe)(zhe),而(er)诛罚之(zhi)。”故知此贾(jia)(jia)民禁伪是(shi)胥(xu)师(shi)、贾(jia)(jia)师(shi)之(zhi)属(shu)(shu)。谓属(shu)(shu)胥(xu)师(shi)贾(jia)(jia)师(shi),受其役使也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“知物之(zhi)情(qing)伪与实诈(zha)”者(zhe)(zhe),直依(yi)经解(jie)之(zhi)。情(qing)则真(zhen)也(ye)。情(qing)伪既据(ju)物而(er)言(yan),则言(yan)实诈(zha)据(ju)人(ren)而(er)说也(ye)。
以刑罚禁而去盗,(刑罚,宪、徇、扑。
○,薄报反。去(qu),起吕(lv)反。扑(pu),普卜反,下(xia)文(wen)同。)
[疏]“以刑”至“去盗”
○释曰:刑期於无刑,以杀止杀,故以刑罚禁乱之人。又去其相盗窃也。
○注“刑罚宪徇扑”
○释曰(yue):知刑罚是宪徇扑者,司所施,惟施於(wu)中者,故下云:“小刑宪罚,中刑徇罚,大刑扑罚,其附於(wu)刑者归於(wu)士。”故知惟有此三(san)者也。
以泉府同货而敛赊。(同,共也。同者,谓民货不售,则为敛而买之;民无货,则赊贳而予之。
○赊,伤蛇(she)反(fan)。共(gong),如字。为,于伪反(fan),下“为民”同。贳,音(yin)世,贷(dai)也,刘伤夜(ye)反(fan),一时夜(ye)反(fan)。)
[疏]“以泉”至“敛赊”
○释曰:下文有泉府职掌於之罚布之等藏之,今司之官以泉府所藏之布物与民同行其货,而民无财者赊而予之,後敛取其直,故云“同货而敛赊”也。
○计“同共”至“予之”
○释曰:云(yun)“同者,谓(wei)民货(huo)(huo)不售(shou),则为敛(lian)而买(mai)之”者,民卖物(wu)不售(shou),则以泉府之物(wu)买(mai)取(qu)(qu)之,释经同货(huo)(huo)也。“民无货(huo)(huo),则赊(she)(she)贳而予(yu)(yu)之”者,此谓(wei)所(suo)买(mai)得(de)之物(wu),民有急须(xu)而无货(huo)(huo)者,则贳予(yu)(yu)之,有时敛(lian)取(qu)(qu)其直(zhi),释经敛(lian)赊(she)(she)也。但(dan)赊(she)(she)、贳二字通用也。
大,日昃而,百族为主;朝,朝时而,商贾为主;夕,夕时而,贩夫贩妇为主。(日昃,失中也。,杂聚之处。言主者,谓其多者也。百族必容来去,商贾家於城,贩夫贩妇朝资夕卖,因其便而分为三时之,所以了物极众。郑司农云:“百族,百姓也。”
○昃(ze),音侧,本(ben)又(you)作昃(ze)。贩(fan),方(fang)万反。便,皮面(mian)反。)
[疏]“大”至“为主”
○释曰:案下文“朝一夫,各方百步”,就百步而分为三时之,恐不可。若然,则一夫者,据亭置坎与叙,司及贾师、胥师听事之处,取其列行肆之处,则居地多矣。今经有三时之,不先言朝、夕,而先言日昃者,据向人多而称大,故先言之。此三皆於一院内为之,大於中,朝於东偏,夕於西偏,《郊特牲》所云是也。
○注“日昃”至“姓也”
○释曰:云(yun)(yun)(yun)“日昃,失(shi)中也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),昃者(zhe)(zhe)倾侧(ce)之(zhi)义,失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)差失(shi)之(zhi)言(yan),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)失(shi)解(jie)昃也(ye)(ye)。是以(yi)(yi)《尚书·无逸》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“文王(wang)至於(wu)(wu)日中昃,不遑暇食。”是中後称昃也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“,杂聚之(zhi)处(chu)。害主(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe),谓多者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),谓言(yan)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)为主(zhu),则(ze)兼(jian)有(you)商(shang)(shang)贾贩(fan)(fan)夫(fu)贩(fan)(fan)妇(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)商(shang)(shang)贾为主(zhu),则(ze)兼(jian)有(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)、贩(fan)(fan)夫(fu)、贩(fan)(fan)妇(fu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)贩(fan)(fan)夫(fu)贩(fan)(fan)妇(fu)为主(zhu),则(ze)兼(jian)有(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)与(yu)商(shang)(shang)贾也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)必容(rong)来去”者(zhe)(zhe),百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)或在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)内,或在(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)外者(zhe)(zhe),容(rong)其(qi)来往,故(gu)於(wu)(wu)日昃以(yi)(yi)後主(zhu)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“商(shang)(shang)贾家於(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),行曰商(shang)(shang),居曰贾,即贾家於(wu)(wu)。今并(bing)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe),其(qi)商(shang)(shang)虽(sui)行通物(wu),亦(yi)容(rong)於(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“朝(chao)资(zi)夕卖(mai)”者(zhe)(zhe),资(zi)若(ruo)冬资(zi)绵、夏(xia)资(zi)绵之(zhi)类(lei)。则(ze)资(zi)者(zhe)(zhe),朝(chao)买资(zi)之(zhi),至夕乃卖(mai),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)资(zi)言(yan)之(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)以(yi)(yi)了物(wu)极(ji)众(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)分为三(san)者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)了其(qi)所(suo)卖(mai)之(zhi)物(wu),极(ji)尽(jin)其(qi)众(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)。先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu),百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)见此百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)异於(wu)(wu)《秋官·司(si)寇》“戒於(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)”。彼百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)是府史以(yi)(yi)下(xia),此据(ju)人称百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu),明(ming)据(ju)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing),亦(yi)非百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)官百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)。对(dui)则(ze)正(zheng)姓(xing)与(yu)氏族(zu)(zu)异,通而言(yan)之(zhi),氏族(zu)(zu)则(ze)庶姓(xing),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)为百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)族(zu)(zu)。
凡入,则胥执鞭度守门,之群吏平肆展成奠贾,上旌于思次以令,师莅焉,而听大治大讼。胥师、贾师莅于介次,而听小治小讼。(凡入,谓三时之者入也。胥,守门察伪诈也。必执鞭度,以威正人众也。度谓殳也,因刻丈尺耳。群吏,胥师以下也。平肆,平卖物者之行列,使之正也。展之言整也。成,平也,会平成物者也。奠读为定,整敕会者,使定物贾,防诳豫也。上旌者,以为众望也,见旌则知当也。思次,若今亭也。师,司也。介次,亭之属别,小者也。故书莅作立。杜子春云:“奠当为定。”郑司农云:“思,辞也。次,中候楼也。立当为莅,莅,视也。”玄谓“思”当为“司”字,声之误也。
○奠,音定,又田(tian)见反。上(shang),时掌反,注同。殳,音殊。诳,九(jiu)况反。)
[疏]注“凡”至“误也”
○释曰:郑(zheng)知(zhi)凡入(ru)是(shi)上三(san)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)言(yan)(yan)“凡”,明总(zong)三(san)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“胥(xu)守门(men)察伪诈也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)其(qi)执度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“必执鞭度以(yi)威正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)众也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),鞭以(yi)威人(ren)(ren)(ren)众,度以(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)众,故(gu)并言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“度谓殳(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),案:下文《庐人(ren)(ren)(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)同(tong)强(qiang)”,注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“改句言(yan)(yan),容殳(shu)无刃。”此(ci)文鞭度连言(yan)(yan),则(ze)(ze)一(yi)物(wu)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)二用,若(ruo)以(yi)系(xi)鞘於上则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)鞭,以(yi)长丈二,因克丈尺则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)度。知(zhi)“群吏胥(xu)师(shi)以(yi)下”者(zhe)(zhe),见下《司(si)(si)稽职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“执鞭度而巡(xun)其(qi)前”。此(ci)亦执鞭度,故(gu)知(zhi)是(shi)胥(xu)师(shi)以(yi)下。《叙官》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“胥(xu)师(shi)二十(shi)肆(si)则(ze)(ze)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),胥(xu)二肆(si)则(ze)(ze)一(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“胥(xu)师(shi),领(ling)群胥(xu)。”则(ze)(ze)胥(xu)师(shi)已下,非直(zhi)(zhi)巡(xun)行肆(si),亦更(geng)来守门(men),故(gu)郑(zheng)总(zong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)胥(xu)师(shi)以(yi)下。知(zhi)“平(ping)肆(si)是(shi)平(ping)卖物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行列,使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)是(shi)经直(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)平(ping)肆(si),肆(si)是(shi)行列,恐其(qi)行肆(si)不(bu)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),以(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“展之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)整也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。成,平(ping)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。会平(ping)成物(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奠读(du)为(wei)(wei)定”者(zhe)(zhe),郑(zheng)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)平(ping)成,整敕会者(zhe)(zhe),使定物(wu)价,恐有豫为(wei)(wei)诳(kuang)欺,故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“防(fang)诳(kuang)豫”。先郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“思,辞(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”,後(hou)郑(zheng)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)“思则(ze)(ze)司(si)(si)字声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe),下云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“介次”不(bu)为(wei)(wei)辞(ci),明“思”不(bu)得(de)为(wei)(wei)辞(ci),直(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)思、司(si)(si)声(sheng)同(tong),故(gu)误(wu)为(wei)(wei)思也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)思、司(si)(si)声(sheng)同(tong),不(bu)得(de)为(wei)(wei)字误(wu)。今有本(ben)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“字声(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)误(wu)”,兼有“字”者(zhe)(zhe),读(du)当云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“思当为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)字”,字绝读(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃合义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡万民之期于者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辟(pi)布(bu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、量(liang)度者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、刑戮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),各(ge)於其地之叙。(期,谓欲卖买(mai)期决於也。量(liang)度者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),若今处斗斛及丈尺(chi)也。故书辟(pi)为辞(ci)(ci)。郑司(si)农(nong)云:“辞(ci)(ci)布(bu),辞(ci)(ci)讼(song)泉(quan)物者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。”玄(xuan)谓辟(pi)布(bu),之群(qun)吏考实诸(zhu)泉(quan)入及有遗(yi)忘。)
[疏]“凡万”至“之叙”
○释曰:云“凡万民之期于”,有此已下三事,有辟布者、度量者、刑戮者。“各於其地之叙”,则诸物行肆之所也。
○注“期谓”至“遗志”
○释曰:云(yun)“期(qi)决於(wu)(wu)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)人各(ge)自为(wei)期(qi)限,使了(le)事於(wu)(wu)也(ye)。云(yun)“若今处(chu)(chu)斗(dou)(dou)斛(hu)及(ji)丈尺(chi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)斗(dou)(dou)斛(hu)处(chu)(chu)置(zhi)於(wu)(wu)米粟之(zhi)(zhi)肆(si)(si),处(chu)(chu)置(zhi)丈尺(chi)於(wu)(wu)绢(juan)布(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)肆(si)(si)。案:前(qian)注(zhu)“量,豆(dou)、区(qu)、斗(dou)(dou)、斛(hu)”,此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)豆(dou)、区(qu),前(qian)注(zhu)广解量名,此(ci)略(lve)云(yun)所用,故注(zhu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。案《律(lv)(lv)历志(zhi)》,度量衡皆(jie)起於(wu)(wu)黄(huang)锺之(zhi)(zhi)律(lv)(lv),故彼(bi)云(yun):“以子黍(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),一黍(shu)一分(fen),九十(shi)(shi)黍(shu)黄(huang)锺之(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang),则一黍(shu)为(wei)一分(fen),十(shi)(shi)黍(shu)为(wei)寸,十(shi)(shi)寸为(wei)尺(chi),十(shi)(shi)尺(chi)为(wei)丈,十(shi)(shi)丈为(wei)引(yin),五度审(shen)矣(yi)。”又云(yun):“子黍(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),千二百(bai)黍(shu),其(qi)实(shi)一,十(shi)(shi)为(wei)合(he),十(shi)(shi)合(he)为(wei)升,十(shi)(shi)升为(wei)斗(dou)(dou),十(shi)(shi)斗(dou)(dou)为(wei)斛(hu),五量审(shen)矣(yi)。”先郑(zheng)从故书辟布(bu)为(wei)辞(ci)讼之(zhi)(zhi)布(bu)。後郑(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,而为(wei)群吏考实(shi)诸(zhu)泉(quan)入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。若辞(ci)讼之(zhi)(zhi)布(bu),当归其(qi)本主(zhu),何(he)得各(ge)有地之(zhi)(zhi)叙乎?明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得为(wei)辞(ci)讼之(zhi)(zhi)布(bu)也(ye)。云(yun)“考实(shi)诸(zhu)泉(quan)入”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),辟,法也(ye)。谓(wei)民(min)(min)将物(wu)(wu)来(lai)於(wu)(wu)肆(si)(si)卖者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),肆(si)(si)长(zhang)各(ge)考量物(wu)(wu)数,得实(shi),税(shui)入於(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)泉(quan)府。知民(min)(min)将物(wu)(wu)来(lai)於(wu)(wu)有税(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案下文云(yun)“国凶荒,无征(zheng)”,明(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)凶荒有征(zheng)矣(yi)。其(qi)实(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)则宜置(zhi)於(wu)(wu)地之(zhi)(zhi)叙,欺者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)没入官,是(shi)其(qi)法也(ye)。云(yun)“及(ji)有遗忘”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)群吏考实(shi)泉(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)(chu)有遗忘者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),便(bian)归令(ling)本主(zhu)识认之(zhi)(zhi)。下文得货(huo)贿六畜之(zhi)(zhi)等,是(shi)依列肆(si)(si)失者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),与此(ci)文别也(ye)。
凡得货贿、六畜(chu)者亦如之(zhi)(zhi),三(san)日而(er)举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)。(得遗物者,亦使(shi)置其地(di),货於(wu)货之(zhi)(zhi)肆(si),马於(wu)马之(zhi)(zhi)肆(si),则主求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)也(ye)。三(san)日而(er)无职认者,举(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)没入(ru)官(guan)。)
[疏]“凡得”至“举之”
○释(shi)曰(yue):此谓在列肆(si)遗忘(wang)阑失者,吏(li)各归本肆(si),吏(li)主识认取之(zhi)。
凡治之货贿、六畜、珍异,亡者使有,利者使阜,害者使亡,靡者使微。(利,利於民,谓物实厚者。害,害於民,谓物行苦者。使有使阜,起其贾以徵之也。使亡使微,抑其贾以却之也。侈靡细好,使富民好奢微之而已。郑司农云:“亡者使有,无此物则开利其道,使之有。”
○物(wu)行(xing),遐孟反(fan),又如字,聂胡刚反(fan)。苦,音古。却,起略反(fan)。好,呼(hu)报(bao)反(fan)。)
[疏]注“利利”至“之有”
○释曰:云(yun)“使有使阜(fu)”者(zhe),总释经亡者(zhe)利者(zhe)。云(yun)“起(qi)其(qi)贾(jia)”者(zhe),谓(wei)增起(qi)其(qi)贾(jia),引(yin)物自然来,故使有使阜(fu)盛(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“微之(zhi)(zhi)而已”,谓(wei)少抑其(qi)贾(jia),使微少不(bu)绝而已。先郑(zheng)云(yun)“亡者(zhe)使有。无此(ci)物,则开利其(qi)道,使之(zhi)(zhi)有”,与後郑(zheng)“起(qi)其(qi)贾(jia)”义(yi)异,引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe),义(yi)得两通,故後郑(zheng)亦从之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
凡(fan)通(tong)货贿,以(yi)(yi)玺节(jie)出入之(zhi)(zhi)。(玺节(jie),印章,如今斗检封(feng)矣,使人执之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)通(tong)商。以(yi)(yi)出货贿者,王之(zhi)(zhi)司也(ye);以(yi)(yi)内货贿者,邦国之(zhi)(zhi)司也(ye)。)
[疏]“凡通”至“入之”
○释曰:金玉曰货,布帛曰贿。其玺节馀物亦通,而直云通货贿者,以物之贵及民之所用多者莫过货贿,故举以言之,无妨馀物亦通之。
○注“玺节”至“也”
○释曰(yue):云(yun)“玺(xi)(xi)节(jie),印(yin)章,如(ru)金(jin)斗检封矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案汉法,斗检封,其刑方,上有封检,其内有书;则周(zhou)时印(yin)章上书其物,识事而已。云(yun)“使人执之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)通商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旅(lv)主通货(huo)(huo)贿,故知执玺(xi)(xi)节(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)通商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)也。云(yun)“出货(huo)(huo)贿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)旅(lv)买货(huo)(huo)贿於(wu),以(yi)(yi)出向邦(bang)国(guo)(guo),故知是(shi)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)给玺(xi)(xi)节(jie)也。云(yun)“内货(huo)(huo)贿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其货(huo)(huo)贿从邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)来,当入王(wang)畿,故知还是(shi)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si)给玺(xi)(xi)节(jie)也。此经直云(yun)“入之(zhi)(zhi)”,郑(zheng)虽(sui)云(yun)内货(huo)(huo)贿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)邦(bang)国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)司(si),亦容有从畿内入者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故下(xia)《掌节(jie)》云(yun)“货(huo)(huo)贿用玺(xi)(xi)节(jie)”,郑(zheng)云(yun):“变司(si)言货(huo)(huo)贿者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),货(huo)(huo)贿非必(bi)由(you),或资(zi)於(wu)民(min)(min)家。”若然,商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)资(zi)於(wu)民(min)(min)家,得出向邦(bang)国(guo)(guo);若资(zi)於(wu)民(min)(min)家,亦容入来向王(wang)卖之(zhi)(zhi),则玺(xi)(xi)节(jie)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)门关矣。
国(guo)凶(xiong)荒札丧(sang),则(ze)无征,而作(zuo)布。(有灾害,物贵(gui),不税,为民(min)(min)乏困也。金(jin)铜无凶(xiong)年,因物贵(gui),大铸泉以饶(rao)民(min)(min)。)
[疏]“国凶”至“作布”
○释曰:凶荒谓年不熟。札谓疫病。丧谓死丧。恤其乏困,故无征也。
○注“金铜无年”
○释曰(yue):以(yi)其凶(xiong)年则贵,金铜凶(xiong)年亦(yi)贱(jian),故(gu)云“无凶(xiong)年”。是以(yi)谚云“丰年粟,俭年玉”。因云物贵者(zhe),其物止谓米(mi),馀物并贱(jian)也。
凡伪饰之禁,在民者十有二,在商者十有二,在贾者十有二,在工者十有二。(郑司农云:“所以俱十有二者,工不得作,贾不得粥,商不得资,民不得畜。”玄谓《王制》曰:“用器不中度,不粥於;兵车不中度,不粥於;布帛精粗不中数,幅广狭不中量,不粥於;奸色乱正色,不粥於;五不时,果实未熟,不粥於;木不中伐,不粥於;禽兽鱼鳖不中杀,不粥於。”亦其类也。於四十八则未闻,数十二焉。
○贾,音(yin)古(gu),注同。粥,音(yin)育,下(xia)(xia)同。中,丁(ding)仲反(fan),下(xia)(xia)同。狭,音(yin)洽。数,色主反(fan)。)
[疏]“几”至“有二”
○释曰:云“凡伪饰之禁”,此与在民以下为总目,故云“凡”以广之。
○注“郑司”至“二焉”
○释曰(yue)(yue):先郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)以(yi)(yi)俱十(shi)有(you)(you)二(er)(er)(er)(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),工(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)作(zuo)”以(yi)(yi)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun),谓(wei)(wei)民与商贾(jia)(jia)及(ji)工(gong)四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)同十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)工(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)作(zuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),工(gong)匠主(zhu)营作(zuo),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)作(zuo)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)贾(jia)(jia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)其处曰(yue)(yue)贾(jia)(jia),贾(jia)(jia)主(zhu)卖粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)商不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)资(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),商主(zhu)通(tong)货贿(hui),货贿(hui)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)当豫资(zi)(zi)贮,故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)资(zi)(zi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)畜者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),万民非作(zuo)、非粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、非资(zi)(zi),故以(yi)(yi)畜聚而言也(ye)(ye)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)《王(wang)制》曰(yue)(yue),用器(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)彼(bi)郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“用器(qi),弓矢、耒耜。”耒耜长(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)尺(chi)(chi),弓长(zhang)(zhang)六(liu)尺(chi)(chi)六(liu)寸之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),矢长(zhang)(zhang)三(san)尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)长(zhang)(zhang)短度数也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“兵(bing)车不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《考工(gong)记》,轮(lun)人(ren)(ren)为(wei)兵(bing)车、乘车之(zhi)(zhi)轮(lun),崇六(liu)尺(chi)(chi)六(liu)寸。成出革车一(yi)(yi)(yi)乘,出於(wu)(wu)(wu)民间,故民亦(yi)有(you)(you)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)兵(bing)车之(zhi)(zhi)法。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“布(bu)(bu)(bu)帛(bo)精粗(cu)(cu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)数、广(guang)狭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”,布(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)精粗(cu)(cu),谓(wei)(wei)若朝(chao)服十(shi)五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),斩衰三(san)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),齐(qi)衰有(you)(you)三(san)等(deng),或四(si)(si)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、或五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、或六(liu)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),大(da)功已(yi)下(xia)有(you)(you)七升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、八(ba)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、九升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),小功有(you)(you)十(shi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),缌麻有(you)(you)十(shi)五升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)抽去半(ban)。其帛(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)数,礼无明文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“广(guang)狭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),布(bu)(bu)(bu)幅则(ze)广(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)寸。共(gong)缯幅则(ze)依朝(chao)贡礼,广(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)尺(chi)(chi)四(si)(si)寸。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)乱(luan)正色(se)(se)(se)(se),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《论语》孔子(zi)“恶(e)紫(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)夺(duo)朱(zhu)”,则(ze)朱(zhu)是南方正色(se)(se)(se)(se),紫(zi)(zi)是北方奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)。紫(zi)(zi)夺(duo)朱(zhu)色(se)(se)(se)(se),是奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)乱(luan)正色(se)(se)(se)(se),故孔子(zi)恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)。若然,自馀四(si)(si)方皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)、正色(se)(se)(se)(se),若红绿及(ji)碧等(deng),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)乱(luan)正色(se)(se)(se)(se)之(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)(shi)、果实未(wei)熟,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”,郑彼(bi)注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“皆(jie)(jie)(jie)谓(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)人(ren)(ren)。”“木不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)伐(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),郑彼(bi)注引《山虞职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仲(zhong)冬斩阳木,仲(zhong)夏斩阴木”以(yi)(yi)为(wei)证,是非此时(shi)(shi)则(ze)木不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)伐(fa)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“禽(qin)兽(shou)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)鳖(bie)(bie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)杀(sha)(sha),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),案(an)《鳖(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“秋献(xian)鳖(bie)(bie)蜃(shen),冬献(xian)龟鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)。”案(an)《礼记·王(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun):“獭祭(ji)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu),然後虞人(ren)(ren)入泽梁。豺祭(ji)兽(shou),然後杀(sha)(sha)。”是杀(sha)(sha)禽(qin)兽(shou)鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)鳖(bie)(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)(shi)得(de)(de)粥(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)於(wu)(wu)(wu),非此时(shi)(shi)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“亦(yi)其类(lei)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《王(wang)制》所(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)度”之(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)是在(zai)(zai)工(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)数、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)、奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)乱(luan)正色(se)(se)(se)(se)是在(zai)(zai)商者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)时(shi)(shi)及(ji)未(wei)熟是在(zai)(zai)农者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe);此等(deng)亦(yi)兼有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)贾(jia)(jia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)亦(yi)其类(lei)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)十(shi)八(ba)则(ze)未(wei)闻(wen)数十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),《王(wang)制》之(zhi)(zhi)文,从(cong)用器(qi)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi),兵(bing)车为(wei)二(er)(er)(er)(er),布(bu)(bu)(bu)三(san),帛(bo)四(si)(si),奸(jian)(jian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)五,五六(liu),果实七,木八(ba),禽(qin)九,兽(shou)十(shi),鱼(yu)(yu)(yu)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),鳖(bie)(bie)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er),是闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)矣。於(wu)(wu)(wu)四(si)(si)十(shi)八(ba)则(ze)未(wei)闻(wen)三(san)十(shi)六(liu),故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“未(wei)闻(wen)数十(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)”也(ye)(ye)。
刑,小刑宪罚,中刑徇罚,大刑扑罚,其附于刑者归于士。(徇,举以示其地之众也。扑,挞也。郑司农云:“宪罚,播其肆也。”故书附为付,杜子春云:“当为附。”
○付,刘方符反,沈音附。)
[疏]“刑”至“于士”
○释曰:“附於刑者归於士”者,此刑各有所对言之,刑虽轻,亦名为刑,若对五刑,则五种者为刑,故云附於刑归於士。士谓秋官士师、乡士、遂士之属。其人属彼者各归之,使刑官断之也。
○注“徇举”至“为附”
○释曰:“徇(xun),举(ju)以示(shi)其地之(zhi)众(zhong)也(ye)”者,徇(xun)者,徇(xun)列(lie)之(zhi)名。故知举(ju)其人以示(shi)其地肆之(zhi)众(zhong),使从为戒也(ye)。云“扑(pu),挞(ta)也(ye)”者,《大射》云“司射扑(pu)”,《尚书(shu)》云“扑(pu)作教刑(xing)”,皆是(shi)(shi)笞(chi)挞(ta)为扑(pu),故云扑(pu)挞(ta)也(ye)。先郑云“宪罚,播(bo)其肆也(ye)”者,宪是(shi)(shi)表显之(zhi)名。徇(xun)既将(jiang)身以示(shi)之(zhi),则(ze)此宪是(shi)(shi)以文(wen)书(shu)表示(shi)於肆,若布宪之(zhi)类也(ye)。
国君过则刑人赦,夫人过罚一幕,世子过罚一,命夫过罚一盖,命妇过罚一帷。(谓诸侯及夫人、世子过其国之,大夫、内子过其都之也。者,人之所交利而行刑之处,君子无故不游观焉。若游观则施惠以为说也。国君则赦其刑人,夫人、世子、命夫、命妇则使之出罚,异尊卑也。所赦谓宪徇扑也。必罚幕盖帷,者众也,此四物者,在众之用也。此王国之而说国君以下过者,诸侯之於其国,与王同,以其足以互明之。
○幕,刘音(yin)莫。,音(yin)亦。观,古(gu)乱反,下同,或音(yin)官。为说,如字,解说也,聂如锐反。)
[疏]注“谓诸”至“明之”
○释曰(yue):云“大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)、内(nei)子”者(zhe),大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)中(zhong)(zhong)含有卿(qing),内(nei)子,卿(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)妻,含大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)妻命妇也(ye),故经(jing)云命妇,注云内(nei)子也(ye)。若(ruo)然,此经(jing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)命妇,是(shi)诸侯(hou)科(ke)中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)天子卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu),则天子卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)与(yu)诸侯(hou)卿(qing)大(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)及命妇,亦是(shi)互(hu)(hu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)为(wei)义(yi)也(ye)。云“所罚(fa)谓宪(xian)徇(xun)扑也(ye)”者(zhe),其(qi)宪(xian)徇(xun)刑之(zhi)(zhi)轻者(zhe)而(er)赦之(zhi)(zhi),使出帷幕(mu)难备之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)者(zhe),出物(wu)(wu)虽(sui)重而(er)无耻(chi),宪(xian)徇(xun)虽(sui)轻而(er)有愧(kui),故以出物(wu)(wu)为(wei)轻也(ye)。案《幕(mu)人》云“掌(zhang)供帷幕(mu)幄(wo)绶”,帷幕(mu)用布,幄(wo)用缯,在上曰(yue)幕(mu),在旁(pang)曰(yue)帷,承尘。其(qi)盖当是(shi)於众中(zhong)(zhong)障暑雨之(zhi)(zhi)盖,未必是(shi)轮人所作(zuo)盖,弓二十有八,在车者(zhe)也(ye)。云“诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)於国(guo),与(yu)王同,以其(qi)足以互(hu)(hu)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe),此王国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)直见(jian)(jian)(jian)王后(hou)世子过(guo)(guo),则不(bu)(bu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)诸侯(hou)已(yi)下(xia)。今以王国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)见(jian)(jian)(jian)诸侯(hou)已(yi)下(xia)过(guo)(guo),足得互(hu)(hu)见(jian)(jian)(jian)王已(yi)下(xia)过(guo)(guo),故云互(hu)(hu)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
凡(fan)会同、师(shi)役,司(si)帅(shuai)贾(jia)师(shi)而从,治(zhi)其政,掌(zhang)其卖(mai)亻卖(mai)之事。(司(si),司(si)也。亻卖(mai),买也。会同师(shi)役必有者,大众(zhong)所在(zai),来物以备之。)
[疏]“凡会”至“之事”
○释曰(yue):王(wang)与诸侯行会同及(ji)师役(yi)征伐之(zhi)等,或(huo)(huo)在(zai)畿(ji)内,或(huo)(huo)在(zai)畿(ji)外,皆有。则(ze)司帅(shuai)贾师而从,以其知物(wu)(wu)贾,故使从。不(bu)帅(shuai)胥师者,胥师不(bu)知物(wu)(wu)贾,於(wu)事缓,故不(bu)从也(ye)。