列传第一百四(si)十三 沙陀
沙陀,西突厥别部处月种也。始,突厥东西部分治乌孙故地,与处月、处蜜杂居。贞观七年,太宗以鼓纛立利邲咄陆可汗,而族人步真觖望,谋并其弟弥射乃自立。弥射惧,率处月等入朝。而步真势穷,亦归国。其留者,咄陆以射匮特勒劫越之子贺鲁统之。
西(xi)突厥浸(jin)强,内相攻,其大酋乙毘咄陆(lu)可汗建廷镞曷山之西(xi),号(hao)北庭,而处月等又隶(li)属(shu)之。处月居金娑山之阳,蒲类之东,有大碛(qi),名(ming)沙陀(tuo),故号(hao)沙陀(tuo)突厥云。
咄陆(lu)寇伊州,引二部兵围天山,安西都护(hu)郭孝恪击走之,拔处月(yue)(yue)俟(si)斤之城(cheng)(cheng)。后(hou)乙(yi)毘可汗败,奔吐火(huo)罗(luo)。贺(he)鲁(lu)来降(jiang),诏拜瑶池都督(du),徙其(qi)部庭州之莫贺(he)城(cheng)(cheng)。处月(yue)(yue)硃邪阙俟(si)斤阿厥亦请内属。
永(yong)徽初,贺鲁(lu)反,而硃(zhu)邪孤注亦杀(sha)招(zhao)慰(wei)使连和,引兵(bing)据牢山。于是射脾俟斤沙(sha)陀那速不肯从,高(gao)宗以贺鲁(lu)所领授之。明年,弓(gong)月道总管梁建方、契苾何力引兵(bing)斩孤注,俘九千人。又明年,废瑶池(chi)都(dou)督(du)府,即处月地置(zhi)金满(man)、沙(sha)陀二州,皆领都(dou)督(du)。贺鲁(lu)亡(wang),安抚(fu)大使阿史那弥射次伊(yi)丽(li)水(shui),而处月来归(gui)。乃置(zhi)昆(kun)陵都(dou)护(hu)府,统(tong)咄陆部,以弥射为(wei)都(dou)护(hu)。
龙朔初(chu),以处月酋沙(sha)陀金山从(cong)武卫将(jiang)军薛仁(ren)贵讨铁勒(le),授墨离军讨击使。长安二年,进为金满(man)州(zhou)都督,累封张掖郡公。金山死,子辅国嗣(si)。先天初(chu)避(bi)吐蕃,徙部北庭,率其下入朝。开元二年,复领金满(man)州(zhou)都督,封其母鼠(shu)尼施为鄯(shan)国夫(fu)人。辅国累爵(jue)永(yong)寿郡王。死,子骨(gu)咄支嗣(si)。
天宝初(chu),回(hui)纥内(nei)附,以(yi)骨咄(duo)支兼(jian)回(hui)纥副(fu)都(dou)护。从肃宗平安禄山,拜特进、骁卫(wei)上将(jiang)军。死,子尽(jin)忠嗣(si),累(lei)迁金吾卫(wei)大将(jiang)军、酒泉县(xian)公。至德、宝应间,中国多故,北庭、西州闭不通,朝(chao)奏使皆道出回(hui)纥,而虏(lu)多渔(yu)撷,尤苦之,虽沙陀之倚(yi)北庭者,亦困其暴敛(lian)。
贞元中,沙(sha)陀部七(qi)千(qian)帐附吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan),与共寇北庭,陷之。吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)徙其部甘州,以(yi)尽忠为(wei)军大论。吐(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)寇边,常以(yi)沙(sha)陀为(wei)前锋。
久之,回(hui)鹘取凉州(zhou)(zhou),吐(tu)蕃疑尽忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)持(chi)两(liang)端,议(yi)徙沙(sha)陀于(yu)河外,举部(bu)愁恐。尽忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)与硃邪执(zhi)宜谋(mou),曰:“我世为唐(tang)臣,不幸陷污(wu),今若走萧关自归(gui),不愈(yu)于(yu)绝种乎?”尽忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曰:“善。”元和三年,悉(xi)众三万(wan)落循(xun)乌(wu)德鞬山而东(dong)。吐(tu)蕃追之。行且战,旁洮水,奏石门,转斗(dou)不解,部(bu)众略尽,尽忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)死之。执(zhi)宜裒瘢(ban)伤,士裁二(er)千,骑七(qi)百,杂畜(chu)橐它(ta)千计(ji),款灵(ling)州(zhou)(zhou)塞(sai)。节(jie)度使范希朝以闻。诏处其部(bu)盐州(zhou)(zhou),置阴(yin)(yin)山府,以执(zhi)宜为府兵马使。沙(sha)陀素健(jian)斗(dou),希朝欲藉(jie)以捍虏,为市牛羊,广(guang)畜(chu)牧,休养之。其童(tong)耄(mao)自凤翔、兴元、太原(yuan)道(dao)归(gui)者(zhe),皆(jie)还其部(bu)。尽忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)弟葛勒(le)阿(a)波率残部(bu)七(qi)百叩振武降,授(shou)左武卫(wei)大将军,兼阴(yin)(yin)山府都督。
执宜(yi)(yi)朝(chao)(chao)长(zhang)安,赐(ci)金(jin)币袍马万(wan)(wan)计,授特进(jin)、金(jin)吾卫(wei)(wei)将军(jun)(jun)。然议者以灵武(wu)迫(po)吐蕃,恐(kong)后反覆(fu)生(sheng)变(bian),又滨边(bian),益口则(ze)食翔价。顷之(zhi)(zhi),希朝(chao)(chao)镇太原(yuan),因诏沙陀举军(jun)(jun)从之(zhi)(zhi)。希朝(chao)(chao)乃料(liao)其(qi)劲骑千二百,号沙陀军(jun)(jun),置军(jun)(jun)使,而处(chu)馀(yu)众于定襄川(chuan)。执宜(yi)(yi)乃保神武(wu)川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)黄(huang)花堆(dui),更(geng)号阴山北(bei)沙陀。是时,天子伐(fa)(fa)镇州,执宜(yi)(yi)以军(jun)(jun)七百为前(qian)锋,王(wang)承宗(zong)众数万(wan)(wan)伏(fu)木刀沟,与执宜(yi)(yi)遇,飞矢雨集。执宜(yi)(yi)提军(jun)(jun)横贯贼阵鏖斗(dou),李光(guang)颜等乘之(zhi)(zhi),斩首万(wan)(wan)级(ji)。镇兵解,进(jin)蔚州刺史。王(wang)锷节度(du)太原(yuan),建言:“硃邪(xie)族(zu)孳炽,散(san)居北(bei)川(chuan),恐(kong)启野心,愿析其(qi)族(zu)隶(li)诸州,势分易(yi)弱也。”遂(sui)建十(shi)府(fu)(fu)以处(chu)沙陀。八(ba)年(nian)(nian),回鹘过(guo)碛南(nan)取西城(cheng)、柳(liu)谷,诏执宜(yi)(yi)屯天德。明年(nian)(nian),伐(fa)(fa)吴元济,又诏执宜(yi)(yi)隶(li)李光(guang)颜,破蔡人(ren)时曲,拔凌云栅。元济平,授检(jian)校(xiao)刑部尚书,犹隶(li)光(guang)颜军(jun)(jun)。长(zhang)庆初,伐(fa)(fa)镇州,悉发沙陀,与易(yi)定军(jun)(jun)掎角,破贼深州。执宜(yi)(yi)入朝(chao)(chao),留宿卫(wei)(wei),拜金(jin)吾卫(wei)(wei)将军(jun)(jun)。大和中,柳(liu)公绰领(ling)河(he)东,奏陉(xing)北(bei)沙陀素为九(jiu)姓、六州所畏,请委(wei)执宜(yi)(yi)治云、朔塞下废府(fu)(fu)十(shi)一(yi),料(liao)部人(ren)三千御北(bei)边(bian),号代北(bei)行(xing)(xing)营(ying),授执宜(yi)(yi)阴山府(fu)(fu)都督、代北(bei)行(xing)(xing)营(ying)招抚使,隶(li)河(he)东节度(du)。
执宜死,子赤(chi)心(xin)嗣。开成四年,回鹘(gu)径碛口(kou),抵榆林塞。宰相掘罗勿以良(liang)马三百遗(yi)赤(chi)心(xin),约共攻彰信可汗(han)。可汗(han)死,节(jie)度使刘(liu)沔以沙(sha)陀击(ji)回鹘(gu)于杀胡山。久之,伐潞(lu),诛刘(liu)稹,诏赤(chi)心(xin)率代(dai)北骑军(jun)(jun)三千隶石(shi)雄为前军(jun)(jun),破(po)石(shi)会关,助王(wang)宰下(xia)天井,合太(tai)原军(jun)(jun),次(ci)榆社,与监军(jun)(jun)使吕义忠禽(qin)杨弁。潞(lu)州(zhou)平,迁朔(shuo)州(zhou)刺(ci)史,仍(reng)为代(dai)北军(jun)(jun)使。
大中初,吐蕃(fan)合党项及回鹘(gu)残(can)众(zhong)寇河西,太原王宰统代北诸军进(jin)讨,沙陀常深入,冠诸军。赤(chi)(chi)心(xin)所向(xiang),虏辄披靡,曰:“吾见(jian)赤(chi)(chi)马将军火生头(tou)上。”始(shi),沙陀臣吐蕃(fan),其左(zuo)老右壮,溷男女(nv),略与同,而驰射趫(qiao)悍(han)过(guo)之,虏倚其兵,常苦边。及归国,吐蕃(fan)由此亦衰。宣宗已(yi)复三州(zhou)、七关,征西戍皆罢,乃迁赤(chi)(chi)心(xin)蔚州(zhou)刺史(shi)、云州(zhou)守捉使。
庞勋乱,诏(zhao)(zhao)义成(cheng)康承(cheng)训为(wei)行营(ying)招讨(tao)(tao)使,赤(chi)(chi)心以(yi)突(tu)骑(qi)三千(qian)从。承(cheng)训兵(bing)绝涣水,遇伏(fu),堕围中几没(mei),赤(chi)(chi)心以(yi)骑(qi)五(wu)百掀出之。勋欲速战,众八(ba)万,短兵(bing)接,赤(chi)(chi)心勒劲骑(qi)突(tu)贼(zei),与官军(jun)夹击,败之。其(qi)弟赤(chi)(chi)衰以(yi)千(qian)骑(qi)追之亳东。勋平,进大同军(jun)节(jie)度使,赐氏李,名国昌,预郑(zheng)王属籍,赐亲(qin)仁(ren)里(li)甲(jia)第。回(hui)鹘(gu)叩(kou)榆林,扰灵、盐,诏(zhao)(zhao)国昌为(wei)鄜延节(jie)度使。又寇(kou)天德,乃徙节(jie)振(zhen)武,进检校司徒。王仙芝陷荆、襄,朝廷发诸州(zhou)兵(bing)讨(tao)(tao)捕,国昌遣刘迁(qian)统云中突(tu)骑(qi)逐贼(zei),数有功。
乾符(fu)三年,段文楚为(wei)代北水陆(lu)发运、云(yun)州防(fang)御(yu)使(shi)。是时无年,文楚晙损(sun)用(yong)度,下皆怨。边校程怀信、王行审、盖寓、李存璋、薛(xue)铁山、康君立等(deng)曹议曰:“世(shi)多难,丈夫当(dang)投(tou)罅立功(gong)。段公(gong)乃(nai)儒者,难共(gong)(gong)计。沙陀雄劲,李振武父(fu)子勇(yong)冠军(jun),我若推之(zhi),无不(bu)应,则代北唾手可定。拾(shi)取富贵若何?”咸曰:“善!”乃(nai)夜谒国(guo)(guo)昌子云(yun)中(zhong)守捉使(shi)克(ke)用(yong)曰:“岁(sui)艰禀(bing)食削,吾(wu)等(deng)不(bu)忍饿死,公(gong)家威德著闻(wen),请诛虐帅,安(an)部内。”克(ke)用(yong)许之(zhi),募得士万人,趋云(yun)州,次斗鸡台。城中(zhong)执文楚至,杀(sha)之(zhi);据州以闻(wen),共(gong)(gong)丐克(ke)用(yong)为(wei)大同防(fang)御(yu)留(liu)后。不(bu)许,发诸道兵进捕,诸道不(bu)甚力,而(er)黄巢方引(yin)度江,朝(chao)廷度未能制,乃(nai)赦之(zhi),以国(guo)(guo)昌为(wei)大同军(jun)防(fang)御(yu)使(shi)。国(guo)(guo)昌不(bu)受命,诏河东(dong)节度使(shi)崔彦昭(zhao)、幽(you)州张公(gong)素共(gong)(gong)击之(zhi),无功(gong)。
国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)与(yu)党项战(zhan),未决,大(da)同川吐浑赫(he)连鐸(duo)袭振武,尽取其赀(zi)械(xie)。国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)穷,挈骑(qi)五百(bai)还云(yun)州(zhou)(zhou),州(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)纳,鐸(duo)遂取之。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)转侧蔚、朔(shuo)(shuo)间,裒兵(bing)(bing)才三千(qian),屯(tun)新城(cheng),鐸(duo)引万(wan)人围之,隧(sui)而攻(gong),三日(ri)不(bu)拔,鐸(duo)兵(bing)(bing)杀(sha)伤甚。国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)自蔚州(zhou)(zhou)来,鐸(duo)引去。僖(xi)宗(zong)以鐸(duo)领大(da)同节度(du),畀讨国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)。六年(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)昭义李钧为(wei)(wei)北面招讨使(shi),督潞(lu)、太原兵(bing)(bing)屯(tun)代州(zhou)(zhou);幽州(zhou)(zhou)李可举(ju)会鐸(duo)攻(gong)蔚州(zhou)(zhou),国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)以一队当之。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)分兵(bing)(bing)抵(di)遮虏(lu)城(cheng)拒钧,天(tian)(tian)大(da)雪,士戺仆,钧众溃(kui),还代州(zhou)(zhou),军遂乱(luan),钧死于兵(bing)(bing)。广明元年(nian)(nian),以李琢(zhuo)为(wei)(wei)蔚、朔(shuo)(shuo)招讨都统,率兵(bing)(bing)数(shu)万(wan)屯(tun)代州(zhou)(zhou)。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)使(shi)傅文(wen)达调蔚、朔(shuo)(shuo)兵(bing)(bing),朔(shuo)(shuo)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史高文(wen)集缚以送琢(zhuo)。琢(zhuo)进攻(gong)蔚州(zhou)(zhou),国(guo)(guo)(guo)昌(chang)败,与(yu)克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)举(ju)宗(zong)奔达靼(da)。鐸(duo)密(mi)畀酋长图之,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)得其计,因(yin)豪桀大(da)会驰射,百(bai)步外(wai)针(zhen)芒木叶无不(bu)中,部人大(da)惊,即倡言:“今黄(huang)巢北寇(kou),为(wei)(wei)中原患,一日(ri)天(tian)(tian)子赦我,愿与(yu)公等南(nan)向定天(tian)(tian)下,庸(yong)能终老沙碛哉!”达靼(da)知不(bu)留,乃止。
巢攻潼关(guan),入(ru)京(jing)师,诏河东监军(jun)陈景思发代(dai)北(bei)军(jun)。时沙陀都督李友金(jin)屯(tun)兴唐军(jun),萨葛首领米海(hai)万(wan)(wan)、安庆都督史敬存(cun)屯(tun)感义军(jun),克(ke)(ke)用客塞下(xia),众数(shu)千(qian)(qian)无(wu)所属(shu)。景思闻(wen)天子西(xi),乃与友金(jin)料骑五千(qian)(qian)入(ru)居绛,兵擅劫帑自私(si)。还代(dai)州(zhou),益募士三万(wan)(wan),屯(tun)崞西(xi),士嚣(xiao)纵(zong),友金(jin)不(bu)能制,谋曰(yue):“今合大(da)众,不(bu)得威(wei)名宿将,且无(wu)功。吾兄(xiong)司徒父(fu)子,材而(er)雄(xiong),众所推(tui)畏,比得罪于朝,侨(qiao)戍北(bei)部不(bu)敢还。今若召(zhao)之使将兵,代(dai)北(bei)豪英,一(yi)呼可集(ji),整行伍,鼓而(er)南,贼不(bu)足平(ping)也。”景思曰(yue):“善!”乃丐赦国昌,使讨贼赎罪。有(you)诏拜(bai)克(ke)(ke)用代(dai)州(zhou)刺史、忻代(dai)兵马留后,促(cu)本(ben)军(jun)讨贼。克(ke)(ke)用募达(da)靼万(wan)(wan)人,趋(qu)代(dai)州(zhou),将南道太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan)。节度使郑从谠(dang)塞石岭关(guan),不(bu)得前(qian),克(ke)(ke)用儳道至太(tai)原(yuan)(yuan),营城下(xia)五日,邀粮赀,从谠(dang)不(bu)答,乃大(da)略,还屯(tun)代(dai)州(zhou)。
中和二年,蔚州刺史苏祐(you)会赫(he)连鐸(duo)(duo)兵将(jiang)攻代(dai)州,克用率骑五百先袭蔚州,下之(zhi)。祐(you)屯美女(nv)谷,鐸(duo)(duo)与(yu)幽州李可(ke)举众七万攻蔚州,谯栅相属。克用直捣营,入(ru)蔚州,燔(fan)府库,弃(qi)而去,屯雁门。国昌自达靼(da)率兵归代(dai)州。扰汾、并、楼烦,不释铠(kai)。帝诏克用还军朔(shuo)州。
于(yu)(yu)是义(yi)武节(jie)度使(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)处存(cun)、河(he)(he)中节(jie)度使(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)(wang)重荣(rong)传诏招(zhao)克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)同(tong)讨巢(chao)。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)喜(xi),即大阅雁(yan)门(men),得忻(xin)、代(dai)(dai)、蔚、朔、达靼众三(san)万、骑五千而南。于(yu)(yu)是国(guo)昌守代(dai)(dai)州(zhou)。郑从谠不肯假道,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)军(jun)傅太原而营,奉币(bi)马遗从谠,身从数骑呼曰:“我且西,愿与(yu)公一言(yan)。”从谠升陴慰勉,归货币(bi)饔饩。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)乃自阴地趋晋,会(hui)河(he)(he)中。帝闻,擢克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)雁(yan)门(men)节(jie)度、神策天(tian)宁军(jun)镇遏、忻(xin)代(dai)(dai)观察使(shi)(shi)(shi)。明年,宰相(xiang)王(wang)(wang)鐸承制(zhi),授克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)东(dong)北(bei)面(mian)行营都统,河(he)(he)东(dong)监军(jun)陈景思为(wei)监军(jun)使(shi)(shi)(shi)。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)弟克(ke)脩领彀骑五百度河(he)(he),克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自夏阳济,留薛阿(a)檀扼津口,次同(tong)州(zhou),壁(bi)乾坑,与(yu)贼战(zhan)梁田坡,败之(zhi)。进(jin)壁(bi)渭桥,遂收京师。功第一,进(jin)同(tong)中书(shu)门(men)下平章事(shi)、陇西郡(jun)公;国(guo)昌为(wei)代(dai)(dai)北(bei)军(jun)节(jie)度使(shi)(shi)(shi)。未几,以克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)领河(he)(he)东(dong)节(jie)度。
黄巢与(yu)秦(qin)宗权合(he)(he)寇(kou)河南。四年(nian),克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)率河东、代(dai)北兵(bing)(bing)将(jiang)自泽、潞下(xia)天(tian)井关,河阳诸葛(ge)爽堙井以(yi)拒,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)乃(nai)(nai)由河中济,趋许州(zhou),合(he)(he)徐、汴兵(bing)(bing)破尚让于太康(kang)。战(zhan)西(xi)华(hua),又破之。贼(zei)走,河南平(ping)。追北曹州(zhou),还过汴,硃全(quan)忠(zhong)邀之,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)留兵(bing)(bing)于郊,入舍(she)上源馆。夜帐饮,全(quan)忠(zhong)自佐饔(yong),进赀(zi)宝,握手谆劳。是时,全(quan)忠(zhong)忌克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)桀迈难(nan)制,则连车外环,陈(chen)兵(bing)(bing)道左右(you)。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)醉。乃(nai)(nai)攻馆,下(xia)拒战(zhan),亲将(jiang)郭景铢灭烛(zhu)扶(fu)克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong),徐告(gao)之,尚被酒,乃(nai)(nai)引弓射。会烟嚣四合(he)(he),大震电,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)与(yu)薛志勤(qin)等间关升南谯(qiao)门,缒走营。部下(xia)死(si)者数百人,所获(huo)贼(zei)乘舆物尽亡之。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)整众归太原,益训兵(bing)(bing),将(jiang)报(bao)仇,使(shi)弟克(ke)勤(qin)以(yi)万骑(qi)屯河中,乃(nai)(nai)请击全(quan)忠(zhong)。使(shi)者八(ba)返,内外震恐,帝使(shi)内谒慰解。寻进位检校(xiao)太傅(fu)、陇西(xi)郡王。
光启元(yuan)年(nian)(nian),幽州(zhou)(zhou)李(li)(li)可(ke)举、镇(zhen)州(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)景崇(chong)言:“易(yi)(yi)(yi)定故燕、赵境,请(qing)取分之(zhi)。”于(yu)是(shi)可(ke)举攻(gong)易(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou),下(xia)之(zhi);景崇(chong)攻(gong)无极(ji)。易(yi)(yi)(yi)定节度(du)使王(wang)处存求救(jiu)于(yu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)将救(jiu)无极(ji),败镇(zhen)人,攻(gong)马(ma)头,固新城。镇(zhen)兵(bing)走,处存复取易(yi)(yi)(yi)州(zhou)(zhou)。凤(feng)翔李(li)(li)昌符、邠宁(ning)硃玫(mei)(mei)(mei)与全(quan)忠(zhong)连和,观军容使田令孜恶(e)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与王(wang)重(zhong)荣(rong)合,建言:“不可(ke)处近(jin)辅(fu),请(qing)授王(wang)处存河(he)中,而徙重(zhong)荣(rong)于(yu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)定,则(ze)克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)孤矣。”帝从(cong)之(zhi)。重(zhong)荣(rong)以(yi)告,克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)怒曰:“我(wo)当从(cong)公(gong)提(ti)鼓(gu)出(chu)(chu)汜水关(guan)诛(zhu)全(quan)忠(zhong),回歼穴(xue)鼠耳。”重(zhong)荣(rong)计曰:“公(gong)兵(bing)朝(chao)出(chu)(chu)关(guan),则(ze)邠、岐兵(bing)夕傅(fu)吾堞(die),愿(yuan)先治邠、岐。”克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)乃表(biao)言:“玫(mei)(mei)(mei)、昌符连全(quan)忠(zhong)为(wei)乱,请(qing)以(yi)兵(bing)十五万度(du)河(he)枭二竖(shu),然后平汴雪大耻(chi),愿(yuan)陛(bi)下(xia)戒严,无为(wei)贼(zei)所摇。”帝遣使慰止,背相望也。克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不奉诏,玫(mei)(mei)(mei)亦引(yin)邠、凤(feng)兵(bing)营沙苑(yuan)。克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄战,玫(mei)(mei)(mei)败,夜亡去。克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)还(hai)(hai)河(he)中,天子出(chu)(chu)趣凤(feng)翔,道传兵(bing)且至(zhi),即趣宝鸡(ji)。克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)与重(zhong)荣(rong)联章请(qing)还(hai)(hai)宫,愿(yuan)留兵(bing)卫京师,即还(hai)(hai)镇(zhen)。帝惧,走大散关(guan),驻兴元(yuan)。克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)引(yin)归。嗣(si)襄王(wang)煴伪诏至(zhi)太(tai)原,克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燔之(zhi),执其使,间道奉表(biao)兴元(yuan)。始,朝(chao)廷意玫(mei)(mei)(mei)结克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)迫乘舆,及(ji)表(biao)至(zhi),示群(qun)臣(chen),因(yin)腾晓山(shan)南诸镇(zhen),行(xing)在少安。王(wang)行(xing)瑜斩玫(mei)(mei)(mei),克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)千骑(qi)经略(lve)京畿。三年(nian)(nian),国昌卒。俄而昭宗即位,进克(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)检校太(tai)师兼侍中。
大(da)顺(shun)初,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)自攻赫连鐸(duo)于(yu)云州(zhou),拔(ba)东郛(fu)。幽州(zhou)李(li)(li)匡(kuang)(kuang)威(wei)(wei)以兵(bing)三(san)万救之,杀(sha)(sha)其将安金俊(jun),克(ke)用(yong)(yong)走。鐸(duo)与(yu)匡(kuang)(kuang)威(wei)(wei)共(gong)建言:“山(shan)南乱,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)实首之。今(jin)乘(cheng)其败,可伐而取也。”全(quan)忠(zhong)亦请与(yu)河北三(san)镇共(gong)讨之。宰相张(zhang)浚(jun)是其计,乃(nai)下制削克(ke)用(yong)(yong)官爵(jue)、属籍,以浚(jun)为(wei)兵(bing)马(ma)招讨、制置(zhi)、宣慰(wei)使(shi),京兆(zhao)尹孙揆(kui)副之,枢密(mi)使(shi)骆全(quan)諲为(wei)行营(ying)(ying)都(dou)监(jian),华(hua)州(zhou)节度使(shi)韩(han)建为(wei)行营(ying)(ying)马(ma)步都(dou)虞候兼供军粮料使(shi),王镕领(ling)河东东面(mian),全(quan)忠(zhong)南面(mian),李(li)(li)匡(kuang)(kuang)威(wei)(wei)北面(mian),并(bing)为(wei)行营(ying)(ying)招讨使(shi)。鐸(duo)副匡(kuang)(kuang)威(wei)(wei),先薄战(zhan)。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)追潞兵(bing),不肯行,共(gong)杀(sha)(sha)守(shou)将李(li)(li)克(ke)恭(gong)(gong),送款于(yu)汴,南首阙下。更(geng)诏揆(kui)为(wei)昭义节度使(shi),克(ke)用(yong)(yong)将李(li)(li)存(cun)孝(xiao)(xiao)邀揆(kui)长(zhang)子杀(sha)(sha)之。匡(kuang)(kuang)威(wei)(wei)、鐸(duo)并(bing)吐蕃、黠戛斯(si)众(zhong)十万攻遮虏(lu)军,杀(sha)(sha)其将刘胡子。克(ke)用(yong)(yong)乃(nai)屯浑河川(chuan),存(cun)孝(xiao)(xiao)与(yu)鐸(duo)战(zhan)乐安,鐸(duo)败走。浚(jun)入阴地关,壁汾、隰,薛铁山(shan)、李(li)(li)承嗣营(ying)(ying)洪(hong)洞迎战(zhan)。存(cun)孝(xiao)(xiao)次赵城,韩(han)建夜出壮士三(san)百乘(cheng)其营(ying)(ying),存(cun)孝(xiao)(xiao)伏(fu)以待(dai),建兵(bing)大(da)奔。存(cun)孝(xiao)(xiao)攻绛州(zhou),未下,晋(jin)州(zhou)刺(ci)史张(zhang)行恭(gong)(gong)弃(qi)城走,建与(yu)浚(jun)遁还。明年,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)奉表(biao)自陈,乃(nai)复拜检校太师、守(shou)中(zhong)书令(ling)、陇西(xi)郡王。
克用(yong)悉(xi)兵攻鐸(duo)(duo)云州,以骑将(jiang)薛阿(a)檀(tan)为(wei)前军(jun),设伏(fu)河上。鐸(duo)(duo)纵骑追阿(a)檀(tan),遇伏(fu)而奔。鐸(duo)(duo)亡入吐浑。克用(yong)取云州,以部将(jiang)石善友(you)为(wei)刺史、大同(tong)军(jun)防御(yu)使(shi)。
景福初(chu),镇州(zhou)王镕攻尧山,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)李嗣(si)勋击之(zhi),斩(zhan)级(ji)三(san)万,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)遂拔天(tian)(tian)长,略常山,度滹沱,燔其(qi)郛。徇地至(zhi)赵,取鼓(gu)、藁二(er)城。赫连鐸众八万攻天(tian)(tian)成(cheng)军,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)飞檄发军太原,匡威已壁云(yun)州(zhou)北郊,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自神堆引军夜入云(yun)州(zhou),死战,走之(zhi)。乾宁元年,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)次新(xin)城,鐸膝行诣军门降,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鞭而纵之(zhi)。进下武州(zhou),攻新(xin)州(zhou)。李匡筹(chou)引步骑七万救之(zhi),克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)迎战,斩(zhan)首万级(ji),俘少将(jiang)三(san)百,徇城下,新(xin)州(zhou)降。取妫州(zhou),匡筹(chou)弃幽州(zhou)走。明年,幽州(zhou)降,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以刘仁恭为留后(hou),乃旋(xuan)。
王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)行(xing)瑜(yu)、韩建(jian)、李(li)(li)茂贞(zhen)连兵南阙下,杀李(li)(li)溪。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)尽调北部兵度河,拔绛(jiang)州(zhou)(zhou),斩刺(ci)史(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)瑶。次(ci)河中(zhong)(zhong),王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)珂(ke)谒于道。同(tong)州(zhou)(zhou)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)行(xing)约奔(ben)京师。围韩建(jian)于华州(zhou)(zhou),京师震(zhen)动,帝(di)为幸石(shi)门、莎城(cheng),遣(qian)内谒郗廷昱慰劳(lao),且(qie)言茂贞(zhen)屯(tun)盩厔(zhi),行(xing)瑜(yu)屯(tun)兴平,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)乃进营(ying)渭桥(qiao)。帝(di)以嗣(si)(si)延王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)戒(jie)丕、嗣(si)(si)丹王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)允诏克(ke)(ke)用(yong)击邠(bin)、凤(feng)。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)奉诏,屯(tun)渭北,遣(qian)史(shi)俨以票骑三千护石(shi)门,且(qie)令(ling)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)珂(ke)输河中(zhong)(zhong)粟备(bei)行(xing)在。帝(di)以赤(chi)诏嘉答(da),进克(ke)(ke)用(yong)诸(zhu)道兵马都招(zhao)讨(tao)使,命二(er)嗣(si)(si)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)兄事之,令(ling)促讨(tao)行(xing)瑜(yu)。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)请帝(di)还京师,以二(er)千骑卫乘舆。时宫室(shi)煨残,驻尚书(shu)(shu)省,百官(guan)丧马,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)进乘舆金(jin)具装(zhuang)二(er)驷(si),又上百乘给从官(guan)。进太师、兼中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)(shu)令(ling)、邠(bin)宁四面(mian)行(xing)营(ying)都统。
行(xing)瑜(yu)坚壁梨(li)园,茂(mao)(mao)贞自率师三(san)万(wan)逼咸阳而屯。克(ke)(ke)用(yong)请帝责(ze)茂(mao)(mao)贞罢(ba)兵,因削官(guan)爵,愿与河中共讨(tao)之(zhi)。帝诏弟事行(xing)瑜(yu),贷茂(mao)(mao)贞,俾(bi)结好。硃诏赐(ci)魏国夫人陈氏。陈,襄阳人也(ye),善书,帝所爱(ai),欲急平(ping)贼,故(gu)予之(zhi)。茂(mao)(mao)贞以兵援龙泉,克(ke)(ke)用(yong)使(shi)李罕之(zhi)、李存审夜引兵劫其(qi)饷,援兵亡,行(xing)瑜(yu)溃而走,追杀万(wan)计。行(xing)瑜(yu)入(ru)邠州,丐归(gui)款(kuan),克(ke)(ke)用(yong)使(shi)史俨(yan)入(ru)其(qi)城。行(xing)瑜(yu)死庆州,传自京师。帝悉论(lun)幕府官(guan)属及诸子(zi)功,封(feng)爵之(zhi),克(ke)(ke)用(yong)赐(ci)号(hao)“忠贞平(ping)难功臣”,进封(feng)晋王。
克(ke)用(yong)屯云阳,遣(qian)李习吉入(ru)朝,且请(qing)与王珂(ke)悉(xi)力讨茂贞,帝不许。克(ke)用(yong)私于(yu)使(shi)者曰:“叛(pan)根不除,忧未艾也。”天子发度支钱三(san)(san)十(shi)万(wan)缗(min)劳其军。时(shi)郓州硃宣兄弟为(wei)全忠所困(kun),使(shi)来告,克(ke)用(yong)请(qing)道于(yu)魏救(jiu)之(zhi)。兵解复(fu)斗,克(ke)用(yong)自将而(er)往,使(shi)李存信率兵三(san)(san)万(wan)与史俨等次于(yu)莘,为(wei)魏兵所破。克(ke)用(yong)怒,大略相、魏去(qu)。
始(shi),茂贞畏(wei)克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)见(jian)讨,修贡献如籓(fan)臣(chen)。及克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)还(hai),绝贡献,与韩建(jian)谋(mou)以兵入(ru)(ru)朝。帝惧,诏克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)进卫京(jing)师。帝谋(mou)度河(he)幸太原,遣延王入(ru)(ru)克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)军促迎天子。既次渭(wei)北,建(jian)固请幸华州(zhou)。克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)谓王曰:“患本于不(bu)断,顾(gu)上自为之(zhi)。”李存(cun)信(xin)攻魏(wei),葛从周(zhou)引(yin)众三万来援(yuan),战(zhan)洹水上,汴人夜坎诸野,哄合(he),克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)子落落马陷而颠(dian)(dian),克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)救之(zhi),亦颠(dian)(dian);追兵迫,射之(zhi)乃(nai)免(mian)。存(cun)信(xin)已傅魏(wei)城(cheng),克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)并力,罗弘(hong)信(xin)以捉生逆战(zhan),为克(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)所败,追及郛,叩阖而还(hai)。于是陕州(zhou)王珙攻河(he)中,李嗣昭援(yuan)珂,再(zai)战(zhan)再(zai)胜(sheng),珙围解。
帝使延王(wang)(wang)持节至太(tai)(tai)原,谓克(ke)用(yong)(yong)曰(yue):“不用(yong)(yong)卿计,故(gu)逮此,无可言者。今(jin)我(wo)寄(ji)于(yu)华,百司群官(guan)无所托,非卿尚谁(shei)与(yu)忧(you)?不则(ze)不复(fu)见宗庙矣!”王(wang)(wang)至太(tai)(tai)原,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)留累月,每大张饮(yin),王(wang)(wang)必以舞属(shu)克(ke)用(yong)(yong),因陈国事,涕数(shu)行下(xia),冀感动(dong)之(zhi)。时刘(liu)仁(ren)恭据幽(you)州,贰于(yu)克(ke)用(yong)(yong),数(shu)召兵不应(ying),克(ke)用(yong)(yong)以书(shu)让之(zhi),仁(ren)恭得(de)书(shu),抵(di)于(yu)地(di),遂(sui)显绝。故(gu)克(ke)用(yong)(yong)内忧(you)幽(you)州,以好辞谢王(wang)(wang),不复(fu)有西意。俄(e)自将屯蔚州,会(hui)晨大雺冥,仁(ren)恭来薄战,克(ke)用(yong)(yong)大败,走太(tai)(tai)原,大将多死(si)。
全忠夺邢、磁(ci)、洺三(san)州,茂(mao)贞(zhen)度克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)沮桡,无(wu)(wu)能出(chu)(chu)师,乃与(yu)韩建谩(man)好,致书(shu)言帝(di)暴露(lu)累年,请共(gong)治(zhi)(zhi)宫(gong)室(shi)迎天子(zi)。初,长安自石门之奔,宫(gong)殿(dian)焚圮,及岐人再逆,火闾里皆(jie)尽,宫(gong)城昏夜(ye)狐狸(li)鸣啼,无(wu)(wu)人迹。帝(di)幸华西溪,望(wang)旧京必泫然流涕,左(zuo)右(you)凄塞不得语。王建方盗两川(chuan),茂(mao)贞(zhen)欲披其鄙私之,数南师,不暇东,而全忠缮治(zhi)(zhi)洛阳,茂(mao)贞(zhen)因约克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)共(gong)其劳(lao),克(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)辞穷(qiong),乃出(chu)(chu)赀为助。
光(guang)化初,帝(di)还京(jing)师(shi),诏克(ke)用(yong)与(yu)全(quan)忠(zhong)(zhong)解仇,宰相(xiang)(xiang)徐彦若、崔胤(yin)皆劝之(zhi)(zhi)。克(ke)用(yong)势已(yi)折,然(ran)尚以(yi)功高位全(quan)忠(zhong)(zhong)上(shang),耻先下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi),时(shi)王镕方睦于汴(bian),乃遗(yi)书镕,使为己倡。全(quan)忠(zhong)(zhong)即遣使奉书币恭甚,克(ke)用(yong)亦报之(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)汴(bian)日益张,穷(qiong)斗不置。王珙请(qing)汴(bian)兵攻(gong)河(he)中,克(ke)用(yong)使李嗣昭、张汉瑜援之(zhi)(zhi),汴(bian)兵走。葛(ge)从周(zhou)取(qu)承天军,氏叔琮取(qu)辽州、乐平,进壁榆次,克(ke)用(yong)使周(zhou)德威逐出之(zhi)(zhi)。李嗣昭以(yi)步骑(qi)三(san)万(wan)下(xia)太行(xing),略河(he)内,拔怀(huai)州,进攻(gong)河(he)阳(yang),汴(bian)人(ren)阎宝(bao)救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi),嗣昭退保怀(huai)。天复元年,全(quan)忠(zhong)(zhong)取(qu)晋、绛,逼(bi)河(he)中,王珂告急,使相(xiang)(xiang)望,汴(bian)人(ren)扼(e)空道,晋兵不得前,遂虏珂。珂妻,克(ke)用(yong)女(nv),不能(neng)救(jiu),全(quan)忠(zhong)(zhong)遂有河(he)中,克(ke)用(yong)朝(chao)贡道亦梗。
全(quan)(quan)(quan)忠知克(ke)用迮不(bu)振,乃大举攻太(tai)原,分遣锐将(jiang)氏叔(shu)琮等率魏博、兗郓(yun)、邢(xing)洺、义武、晋(jin)绛(jiang)兵(bing)环入之,晋(jin)城邑(yi)多下。会大雨,汴(bian)(bian)兵(bing)粮乏,士疟疠,遂(sui)解。克(ke)用虽内愤悒,惮全(quan)(quan)(quan)忠强(qiang)难与争,乃厚(hou)致币(bi)马(ma)谢(xie),复请(qing)修好(hao)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)忠遂(sui)取同(tong)、华,屯渭上(shang)。帝如(ru)凤(feng)翔,李茂贞、韩(han)全(quan)(quan)(quan)诲请(qing)召克(ke)用入卫。克(ke)用间道遣使者奔(ben)问,并诒书全(quan)(quan)(quan)忠劝还汴(bian)(bian),全(quan)(quan)(quan)忠不(bu)答。
克(ke)用(yong)率(lv)兵(bing)趋平阳,攻吉上堡(bao),破汴(bian)(bian)军于(yu)晋(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)。李嗣(si)昭(zhao)、周德威(wei)(wei)下(xia)慈(ci)、隰,进(jin)屯(tun)河中。汴(bian)(bian)将硃友宁(ning)以(yi)兵(bing)十万壁(bi)其南,全(quan)忠自屯(tun)晋(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)。晋(jin)(jin)人闻(wen)全(quan)忠至,皆失色(se)。时有虹贯德威(wei)(wei)营,氏叔(shu)琮薄(bo)垒疾斗,晋(jin)(jin)兵(bing)大败(bai),仗械(xie)辎储皆尽。友宁(ning)长驱(qu)略汾、慈(ci)、隰州(zhou)(zhou),皆下(xia),遂围(wei)太原,攻西(xi)门。德威(wei)(wei)、嗣(si)昭(zhao)循山(shan)挈(qie)馀众得归,克(ke)用(yong)大恐,身荷(he)版(ban)筑,率(lv)士(shi)拒守,阴(yin)于(yu)嗣(si)昭(zhao)、德威(wei)(wei)谋奔云州(zhou)(zhou)。李存(cun)信(xin)曰:“不(bu)如依北(bei)蕃。”国昌妻(qi)刘语克(ke)用(yong)曰:“闻(wen)王(wang)欲(yu)委(wei)城入蕃,审乎?计谁出(chu)?”曰:“存(cun)信(xin)等为此(ci)。”刘曰:“彼牧羊奴(nu),安办远(yuan)计。王(wang)常笑(xiao)王(wang)行瑜失城走(zou)而死,若何效(xiao)之?且王(wang)顷居达靼,危(wei)不(bu)免(mian)。必(bi)一朝去此(ci),祸不(bu)旋跬,渠能及北(bei)虏(lu)哉(zai)?”克(ke)用(yong)悟,乃(nai)(nai)止。居数日,散(san)士(shi)复集。嗣(si)昭(zhao)夜扰友宁(ning)营,汴(bian)(bian)人惊,引去。德威(wei)(wei)追之,抵(di)白壁(bi)关,复收慈(ci)、隰、汾三州(zhou)(zhou)。三年,克(ke)用(yong)攻晋(jin)(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),闻(wen)帝自凤翔还(hai)京(jing)师,乃(nai)(nai)去。云州(zhou)(zhou)都将王(wang)敬(jing)晖杀刺史(shi)刘再立,以(yi)地予刘仁(ren)(ren)恭(gong);李嗣(si)昭(zhao)讨之。仁(ren)(ren)恭(gong)援敬(jing)晖,嗣(si)昭(zhao)壁(bi)乐(le)安,欲(yu)战,仁(ren)(ren)恭(gong)取(qu)敬(jing)晖,弃城去。
帝(di)东迁,诏至太原,克用(yong)(yong)泣谓(wei)其下曰:“乘舆(yu)不复西矣。”遣使(shi)者奔问(wen)行在,俄加(jia)号“协盟同力功臣。”李(li)茂贞、王建(jian)与(yu)(yu)邠州杨崇本遣使(shi)者来约义(yi)举(ju),克用(yong)(yong)顾籓(fan)镇皆附汴(bian),不可(ke)与(yu)(yu)共功,惟契丹阿保(bao)(bao)机(ji)(ji)尚可(ke)用(yong)(yong),乃(nai)卑辞召之。保(bao)(bao)机(ji)(ji)身到云中,与(yu)(yu)克用(yong)(yong)会(hui),约为兄弟(di),留十日去,遗马千匹、牛羊万(wan)计,期冬大(da)举(ju)度河,会(hui)昭(zhao)宗弑(shi)而止。四年(nian),王建(jian)、李(li)茂贞约克用(yong)(yong)大(da)举(ju)。建(jian)将康晏步骑(qi)二万(wan)与(yu)(yu)克用(yong)(yong)监(jian)军张承业会(hui)凤翔(xiang),是时汴(bian)将王重(zhong)师守长安,刘知(zhi)俊守同州,与(yu)(yu)战长安西,建(jian)兵(bing)败,遂不振。
唐亡,建(jian)(jian)与淮南杨渥请(qing)克(ke)用自王一方,须(xu)贼平访唐宗室立之。建(jian)(jian)请(qing)悉蜀工制乘舆(yu)御物。克(ke)用答曰:“自王,非吾志也。”建(jian)(jian)又劝茂(mao)贞王岐(qi),茂(mao)贞孱褊,亦不敢当,但侈府第、僭宫禁(jin)而(er)已。建(jian)(jian)、渥乃(nai)自王。是岁,克(ke)用有疾(ji),城门自坏(huai),明年卒。
赞(zan)曰(yue):沙陀始归命(ming)天(tian)(tian)子,仰哺于(yu)边,世喋血助征(zheng)讨,常为边兵雄。至(zhi)克用(yong)逢王(wang)室(shi)乱,遂有太(tai)原。虏(lu)性惇固,少它肠,自负材果(guo),欲经营(ying)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)而不克也。兵虽(sui)胜,然数败;地(di)虽(sui)得,辄复失,故(gu)熟视帝(di)劫迁,缩颈羞汗,偷景待僵,不亦(yi)鄙(bi)乎(hu)!赖其子慓锐,抑而复振。是(shi)时,提兵托(tuo)勤王(wang)者五族,然卒(zu)亡(wang)硃氏为唐涤耻者,沙陀也。使克用(yong)稍知(zhi)古今,能如齐桓、晋文,唐遽(ju)亡(wang)乎(hu)哉?
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