列传第一百二十四 儒学中
郎余令,定州新乐人。祖颖,字楚之,与兄蔚之俱有名。隋大业中,为尚书民曹朗,蔚之位左丞。炀帝语称“二郎”。武德时,楚之以大理卿封常山郡公,与李纲、陈叔达定律令。持节谕山东,为窦建德所获,胁以白刃,终不屈。贼平,以老乞身,谥曰平。
余(yu)(yu)令博(bo)于学,擢进(jin)士第,授霍王元(yuan)(yuan)轨(gui)府参军(jun)事。从父知年,亦为王友。元(yuan)(yuan)轨(gui)每曰:“郎家(jia)二贤(xian)皆入府,不意培塿而松柏为林也。”徙幽(you)州录事参军(jun)。有为浮屠者(zhe),积薪自焚,长史裴煚率官(guan)属(shu)将观焉,余(yu)(yu)令曰:“人(ren)好生恶死,情也。彼(bi)违(wei)蔑教义(yi),反其所(suo)欲,公(gong)当(dang)察之,毋轻往。”煚试(shi)廉按,果得其奸。
孝敬(jing)在东宫,余令以梁元(yuan)帝有《孝德传(chuan)》,更撰《后传(chuan)》数(shu)十篇献太子(zi),太子(zi)嗟重。改著作佐(zuo)郎,卒。
兄余(yu)庆,为(wei)吏清而刻于法(fa)。高(gao)宗时,为(wei)万年令,道无(wu)掇遗。累迁(qian)御史中丞,务谦谨下人(ren),引(yin)御史坐(zuo)与(yu)议论(lun)。吏部(bu)侍(shi)郎杨思(si)玄倨(ju)贵,视选(xuan)者(zhe)不以礼,余(yu)庆劾(he)免(mian)其官。久之(zhi),出为(wei)苏州刺史。坐(zuo)累下迁(qian)交(jiao)州都督。
驩州司(si)马裴敬敷(fu)与余(yu)庆(qing)雅故(gu),以事笞余(yu)庆(qing)婢(bi)父,婢(bi)方嬖(bi),谮敬敷(fu)死狱中。又裒货无艺,民诣(yi)阙诉之,使者十辈临按,余(yu)庆(qing)谩(man)谰,不能(neng)得(de)其情(qing)。最后,广州都督陈善弘(hong)按之,余(yu)庆(qing)自恃在朝廷久,明(ming)法令,轻(qing)善弘(hong),不置对。善弘(hong)怒曰:“舞文弄法,吾不及君(jun);今日以天子(zi)命治君(jun),吾力有余(yu)矣。”欲搒械(xie)之,余(yu)庆(qing)惧,服(fu)罪。高宗诏放琼州。会赦当还,朝廷恶其暴,徙春州。
始,余庆(qing)治万年,父知运嫌其酷,将(jiang)杖之,余庆(qing)避免。父叹(tan)曰(yue):“国家用之矣,吾尚奈何!”及(ji)为(wei)御史中丞,复叹(tan)曰(yue):“郎氏(shi)危(wei)矣!”以忧死。余庆(qing)卒(zu)以贪残(can)废。
徐齐聃,字将道,湖州长城(cheng)人(ren)(ren),世(shi)客冯翊。梁慈(ci)源侯(hou)整四世(shi)孙。八岁能文,太(tai)宗(zong)召试(shi),赐所(suo)佩金削刀(dao)。举弘文生,调曹王府参军(jun)。高(gao)宗(zong)时,为(wei)(wei)潞王府文学(xue)、崇文馆学(xue)士,侍(shi)皇太(tai)子讲,修书(shu)于芳林门。时姑为(wei)(wei)帝婕妤,嫌以恩进,故求(qiu)出为(wei)(wei)桃林令。召为(wei)(wei)沛王侍(shi)读,再迁司议郎(lang),皆不就。累进西台(tai)舍(she)人(ren)(ren)。
咸亨初,诏突厥酋长子弟得事(shi)东宫,齐聃上(shang)书谏,以为:“氈裘冒顿之裔,解(jie)辫(bian)削衽,使在左右,非(fei)所(suo)谓‘恭慎威仪,以近有德(de)’、‘任官惟贤(xian)才,左右惟其人’之义。”又(you)长孙无忌以谗(chan)死,家庙(miao)毁顿,齐聃言于帝曰(yue):“齐献公,陛下外祖(zu),虽(sui)后嗣有罪,不宜毁及先庙(miao)。今周忠孝公庙(miao)反崇饰逾制,恐非(fei)所(suo)以示海内。”帝寤,有诏复(fu)献公官,以无忌孙延(yan)主其祀。
齐(qi)聃善文诰,帝爱之(zhi),令侍皇(huang)太子及(ji)诸王(wang)属文,以(yi)职枢(shu)剧(ju),许(xu)间日一至。坐(zuo)漏禁中事,贬蕲(qi)州(zhou)司马(ma)。又流钦州(zhou)。卒,年四十四。睿(rui)宗时,赠礼(li)部(bu)尚书。子坚。
坚,字元固,幼有敏性。沛王闻其名,召见,授纸为赋,异之。十四而(er)孤(gu),及壮,宽(kuan)厚长者。举秀才及第,为汾州(zhou)参军事,迁(qian)万年主簿。
天授三(san)年,上(shang)言:“书(shu)有五听(ting),令有三(san)覆,虑失(shi)情(qing)也(ye)。比犯大逆(ni),诏(zhao)使者勘当,得(de)实(shi)辄(zhe)决。人命至(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong),万有一(yi)(yi)不(bu)实(shi),欲(yu)诉无由,以就赤族,岂不(bu)痛(tong)哉!此不(bu)足检下(xia)之奸乱,适长使人威(wei)福耳(er)。臣(chen)请如令覆奏,则死者无恨。又古(gu)者罚不(bu)逮嗣(si),故却(que)芮(rui)乱国而缺升诸(zhu)朝,嵇康蒙戮而绍死于(yu)难,则于(yu)它亲不(bu)复致疑。今选部广责(ze)逆(ni)人亲属,至(zhi)(zhi)无服者尚(shang)数十(shi)条。且诏(zhao)书(shu)‘与(yu)逆(ni)同堂亲不(bu)任京畿,缌麻(ma)亲不(bu)得(de)侍卫’,臣(chen)请如诏(zhao)书(shu)外,一(yi)(yi)切不(bu)禁,以申旷荡。”
圣历(li)中(zhong),东都留(liu)守(shou)杨再思、王方(fang)庆共引为判官(guan)。方(fang)庆善《礼》学(xue),尝就质疑晦,坚为申(shen)释,常(chang)得所未闻。属文典厚,再思每(mei)目(mu)为凤阁舍人(ren)样。与徐彦伯、刘知(zhi)几、张(zhang)说(shuo)与修《三教珠英》,时张(zhang)昌(chang)宗、李(li)峤(jiao)总领,弥年不下(xia)笔,坚与说(shuo)专意撰综,条汇粗立,诸儒因之(zhi),乃成书。累(lei)迁给事中(zhong),封慈源县(xian)子。
中宗(zong)怒韦(wei)月(yue)将,欲即斩之,坚奏(zou)盛夏生长,请须(xu)秋乃(nai)决,时申救者亦众,得(de)以搒死。俄以礼(li)部侍郎为修文(wen)馆学士(shi)。
睿宗(zong)即位(wei),授(shou)太子左庶子兼(jian)崇文馆学(xue)士,修史(shi),进(jin)东海郡公(gong),迁黄门侍郎(lang)。时监察御史(shi)李知(zhi)古兵击姚(yao)州渳河蛮(man)(man),降之,又请筑(zhu)城,使(shi)输赋徭。坚议:“蛮(man)(man)夷(yi)羁縻以属,不宜与中国同法,恐(kong)劳师远伐,益不偿损。”不听,诏知(zhi)古发剑(jian)南兵筑(zhu)城堡,列州县。知(zhi)古因(yin)是(shi)欲诛其豪酋,入子女为奴婢,蛮(man)(man)惧(ju),杀知(zhi)古,相率(lv)溃叛,姚(yao)、巂路(lu)闭不通者(zhe)数(shu)年。
初,太平(ping)公主用事,武(wu)攸暨(ji)屡(lv)邀请坚(jian),坚(jian)不(bu)许。又(you)以(yi)妻(qi)岑羲女弟,固(gu)辞机密,转太子詹事,曰(yue):“吾非求高,逃祸耳。”羲败,不(bu)染于恶,出为(wei)绛州(zhou)刺史(shi)。数(shu)外徙(xi),久乃迁秘书监、左散(san)骑常侍。
玄宗改丽正(zheng)书院(yuan)为(wei)集贤(xian)院(yuan),以坚充学士(shi),副张说知院(yuan)事(shi)。帝大(da)酺集贤(xian),幔舍在(zai)百司上,说令揭大(da)榜(bang)以侈(chi)其宠,坚见(jian),遽命撤之,曰(yue):“君子(zi)乌取多尚人!”从(cong)上泰山,以参定仪典,加光禄大(da)夫。坚于典故多所谙识,凡七(qi)当撰次高选。卒,年(nian)七(qi)十余,帝悼惜,遣(qian)使就(jiu)吊,赠太子(zi)少保(bao),谥曰(yue)文(wen)。
齐聃姑为(wei)太宗(zong)充容,仲为(wei)高宗(zong)婕(jie)妤,皆明图(tu)史,议者以(yi)坚父子(zi)如汉班(ban)氏。
子峤(jiao),字巨山。开元中(zhong)(zhong)为驾(jia)部员(yuan)外(wai)郎、集贤院(yuan)直学士(shi),迁中(zhong)(zhong)书舍(she)人(ren)(ren)、内供(gong)奉、河(he)南尹。封慈(ci)源县公(gong)。父子相次为学士(shi),自祖及(ji)孙,三世为中(zhong)(zhong)书舍(she)人(ren)(ren)。
沈伯仪(yi),湖(hu)州吴兴人。武(wu)后时,为太子右谕德。
初(chu),太常少(shao)卿韦万(wan)石议(yi)明堂大(da)享事(shi),上(shang)言:“郑玄说祀(si)(si)五天(tian)帝(di),王(wang)肃谓祀(si)(si)五行(xing)帝(di)。《贞观礼(li)(li)》从玄,至(zhi)《显庆礼(li)(li)》祀(si)(si)昊(hao)(hao)天(tian)上(shang)帝(di),乾封诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)书祀(si)(si)五天(tian)帝(di)兼祀(si)(si)昊(hao)(hao)天(tian),上(shang)元(yuan)诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)书从《贞观礼(li)(li)》,仪凤(feng)初(chu)诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)祀(si)(si)事(shi)一用(yong)周(zhou)制。今应何乐?”高宗乃诏(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)尚书省(sheng)集诸儒议(yi),未能定。于是大(da)享参用(yong)《贞观》、《显庆》二礼(li)(li)。
垂拱元(yuan)年,成均助教孔玄义(yi)奏:“严(yan)父莫大(da)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian),天(tian)(tian)于(yu)万物(wu)为最(zui)大(da),推(tui)父偶天(tian)(tian),孝(xiao)之(zhi)大(da),尊之(zhi)极也。《易(yi)》称(cheng)‘先(xian)王(wang)(wang)作乐崇德,殷荐之(zhi)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),以(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、考(kao)’。上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),天(tian)(tian)也。昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)祭(ji)(ji),宜祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、考(kao)并(bing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),请(qing)以(yi)(yi)太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)、高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)于(yu)圆(yuan)丘(qiu),神(shen)尧(yao)皇帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)感帝(di)(di)(di)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。《祭(ji)(ji)法》:‘祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)王(wang)(wang),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)。’祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),始也;宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),尊也。一(yi)名而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)二义(yi)。《经(jing)(jing)》称(cheng)‘宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祀(si)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)’,文(wen)王(wang)(wang)当祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)(er)(er)云宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),包武(wu)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)言也。知明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)以(yi)(yi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、考(kao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),与二经(jing)(jing)合。”伯仪曰(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)虞氏禘(di)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)喾(ku),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛顼而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)尧(yao);夏后(hou)氏禘(di)黄(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)鲧,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)颛顼而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)禹;殷人禘(di)喾(ku)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)契而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)汤;周人禘(di)喾(ku)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稷,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)。郑玄曰(yue)(yue):‘禘(di)、郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong),皆配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)食也。祭(ji)(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)曰(yue)(yue)禘(di),祭(ji)(ji)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)南郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)曰(yue)(yue)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),祭(ji)(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)、五(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)曰(yue)(yue)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。’此(ci)为最(zui)详(xiang)。虞夏退颛顼郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)喾(ku),殷舍契郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming),去(qu)取违舛,惟周得礼(li)(li)之(zhi)序,至明(ming)堂(tang)(tang)始两配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)焉(yan)(yan)。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)上(shang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di),武(wu)王(wang)(wang)下配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)神(shen),别(bie)父子(zi)也。《经(jing)(jing)》曰(yue)(yue):‘严(yan)父莫大(da)于(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian)。’又曰(yue)(yue):‘宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)祀(si)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)于(yu)明(ming)堂(tang)(tang),以(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)。’不言严(yan)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)天(tian)(tian),则(ze)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)虽在明(ming)堂(tang)(tang),未齐于(yu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),虽同祭(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)(er)终为一(yi)主(zhu)也。纬曰(yue)(yue):‘后(hou)稷为天(tian)(tian)地主(zhu),文(wen)王(wang)(wang)为五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。’若一(yi)神(shen)而(er)(er)(er)两祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi),则(ze)荐献数(shu)渎,此(ci)神(shen)无(wu)二主(zhu)也。贞观(guan)、永徽(hui)礼(li)(li)实专配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),由显庆后(hou)始兼(jian)(jian)尊焉(yan)(yan)。今请(qing)以(yi)(yi)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)圆(yuan)丘(qiu)、方泽,太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)南北郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)天(tian)(tian)帝(di)(di)(di)。”凤阁舍人元(yuan)万顷、范履冰(bing)等(deng)议:“今礼(li)(li)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)等(deng)五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si),咸(xian)奉高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)兼(jian)(jian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei),以(yi)(yi)申孝(xiao)也。《诗(shi)昊(hao)天(tian)(tian)》章(zhang)‘二后(hou)受之(zhi)’,《易(yi)》‘荐上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、考(kao)’,有(you)(you)兼(jian)(jian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)义(yi)。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、太宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)既(ji)先(xian)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)祀(si),当如旧。请(qing)奉高(gao)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)历配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)焉(yan)(yan)。”自是(shi)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、丘(qiu),三帝(di)(di)(di)并(bing)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)云。
伯仪(yi)历国子祭酒、修文馆学士(shi),卒(zu)。
路敬淳,贝州临清人。父文逸(yi),遇隋季大乱(luan),阖门(men)死于盗。文逸(yi)遁免(mian),流(liu)离(li)辛苦,自(zi)伤(shang)家多(duo)难,闭口(kou)不食(shi),行者哀其穷(qiong),强饮食(shi)之(zhi),更负以行,乃得脱。贞观末,官申(shen)州司马(ma)。
敬淳少力学,足(zu)不(bu)履门(men)。居亲丧,倚庐不(bu)出者三年(nian)。服(fu)除,号恸(tong)入门(men),形容(rong)癯毁,妻不(bu)之识。后擢进士第。天授中,再迁太子司议郎兼修国史、崇贤馆学士。数受诏纂(zuan)辑庆恤(xu)仪典,武后称之。尤明姓系(xi)(xi),自魏、晋(jin)以降,推本(ben)其(qi)来,皆(jie)有条序(xu),著《姓略》、《衣冠系(xi)(xi)录》等百余篇。后坐綦连(lian)耀交通(tong),下狱死。神龙初(chu),赠秘书(shu)少监。
弟敬(jing)(jing)潜(qian),少与敬(jing)(jing)淳齐名,历怀州(zhou)录事(shi)(shi)参军,亦坐(zuo)耀事(shi)(shi)系(xi)狱,免死(si)(si)(si)。后为遂安令。先是(shi),令多(duo)死(si)(si)(si),敬(jing)(jing)潜(qian)欲辞,妻曰:“君不死(si)(si)(si)狱而得全,非生死(si)(si)(si)有(you)(you)命邪?”从之。到官,有(you)(you)枭啸(xiao)其屏,鼠数(shu)十走于(yu)前,左右驱之,拥(yong)杖而号,敬(jing)(jing)潜(qian)不为惧。久之,迁卫令,位中书(shu)舍人。
唐初,姓谱学唯敬淳名家。其(qi)后柳(liu)冲、韦述、萧(xiao)颖士、孔至(zhi)各有撰(zhuan)次,然皆(jie)本之(zhi)路氏。
王元感,濮州(zhou)鄄城人。擢明经高第,调博城丞(cheng)。纪王慎为(wei)兗州(zhou)都督(du),厚加礼(li),敕其子(zi)东平王续往受业。天授中,稍迁左(zuo)卫率府录事,兼(jian)直(zhi)(zhi)弘(hong)文(wen)馆。武后时,已郊,遂(sui)享明堂,封(feng)嵩山,诏(zhao)与韦叔夏等草仪(yi)具,众(zhong)推其练洽。转四门博士,仍直(zhi)(zhi)弘(hong)文(wen)馆。
年虽老,读书(shu)(shu)不(bu)废夜。所撰《书(shu)(shu)纠谬(miu)》、《春秋振滞》、《礼绳愆》等凡数十百篇,长安时上之(zhi),丐官(guan)笔楮写藏秘书(shu)(shu)。有诏(zhao)两馆(guan)学士(shi)、成均博(bo)士(shi)议可否。祝钦明、郭山恽、李宪(xian)等本章(zhang)句家,见(jian)元(yuan)感诋先儒(ru)同异,不(bu)怿,数沮诘其言,元(yuan)感缘罅申释,竟(jing)不(bu)诎。魏知(zhi)古见(jian)其书(shu)(shu),叹(tan)曰(yue):“《五(wu)经》指(zhi)南也。”而(er)徐坚、刘(liu)知(zhi)几、张思(si)敬等惜其异闻(wen),每为(wei)助(zhu)理,联疏荐之(zhi),遂(sui)下诏(zhao)褒美,以为(wei)儒(ru)宗(zong)。拜太子司(si)议郎兼崇贤(xian)馆(guan)学士(shi)。中宗(zong)以东宫官(guan)属(shu),加(jia)朝(chao)散(san)大夫(fu),卒(zu)。
元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)感(gan)初(chu)著论(lun)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)以(yi)(yi)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)有六月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),讥诋诸儒。凤(feng)阁舍人(ren)张柬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)破其(qi)说(shuo)曰(yue)(yue):“三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),由(you)(you)古则(ze)(ze)然。《春(chun)秋》僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)‘乙(yi)(yi)巳,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)薨(hong)’,文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬(dong)‘公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子遂如齐(qi)纳(na)币’。左氏曰(yue)(yue):‘礼(li)也(ye)。’杜预(yu)(yu)谓(wei):‘僖(xi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)终是(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),纳(na)币在(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。故(gu)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。’《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊(yang)传》:‘纳(na)币不(bu)(bu)(bu)书,此(ci)(ci)何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)书?讥。何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)讥?三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内不(bu)(bu)(bu)图(tu)婚(hun)。’何(he)(he)休曰(yue)(yue):‘僖(xi)以(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薨(hong),未终二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),故(gu)讥云。’杜预(yu)(yu)推历乙(yi)(yi)巳乃(nai)在(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),《经》书十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)误。文(wen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),葬(zang)僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。《传》曰(yue)(yue):‘缓。’夫(fu)诸侯(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬(zang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),若(ruo)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薨(hong),五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得云缓,则(ze)(ze)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)明甚。然二(er)(er)(er)家(jia)所竞,乃(nai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),非(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui),则(ze)(ze)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)验也(ye)。《书》称成(cheng)汤(tang)既没,太甲元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)曰(yue)(yue):‘惟元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)祀(si),十(shi)(shi)(shi)有二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),伊(yi)尹祀(si)于先(xian)王(wang),奉(feng)嗣(si)王(wang)祇(zhi)见(jian)厥祖(zu)。’孔安国曰(yue)(yue):‘汤(tang)以(yi)(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)崩。’此(ci)(ci)则(ze)(ze)明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祥(xiang)(xiang),又明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang),故(gu)下言‘惟三祀(si),十(shi)(shi)(shi)有二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔,尹以(yi)(yi)冕服,奉(feng)嗣(si)王(wang)归于亳’。是(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)服除而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)冕。《顾命》:‘四(si)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)哉生魄,王(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)怿。翌日(ri)乙(yi)(yi)丑(chou),王(wang)崩。丁卯,命作册(ce)度。越七日(ri)癸酉,伯相(xiang)命士(shi)须材。’则(ze)(ze)成(cheng)王(wang)崩至康(kang)(kang)王(wang)麻(ma)冕黼(fu)裳凡(fan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日(ri),康(kang)(kang)王(wang)始见(jian)庙。明汤(tang)崩在(zai)(zai)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。比殡讫,以(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祗见(jian)其(qi)祖(zu)。《顾命》见(jian)庙讫‘诸侯(hou)(hou)出庙门(men)俟’,《伊(yi)训》言‘祗见(jian)厥祖(zu),侯(hou)(hou)甸群(qun)后咸在(zai)(zai)’,则(ze)(ze)崩及见(jian)庙,周(zhou)因于殷(yin)也(ye),非(fei)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前复(fu)有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁(sui),此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)验。《礼(li)》:‘三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)毕,哀(ai)痛未尽,然而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)为(wei)(wei)断者,送死有已,服生有节(jie)。’又曰(yue)(yue):‘期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)祥(xiang)(xiang),食菜果;又期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang),有醯酱;中月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)(xuan),食酒肉。’又曰(yue)(yue):‘再期(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian);期(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian);九月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),三时;五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),二(er)(er)(er)时;三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时。’此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三验。《仪礼(li)》:‘期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)祥(xiang)(xiang),又期(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)大(da)祥(xiang)(xiang),中月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye),吉祭。’此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)验。《书》、《春(chun)秋》、《礼(li)》皆周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、尼父所定(ding),敢(gan)问此(ci)(ci)可为(wei)(wei)法(fa)否?昔郑玄(xuan)以(yi)(yi)中月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禫(xuan)(xuan)者,内容一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),自(zi)丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)至禫(xuan)(xuan),凡(fan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。今既用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu)无疑论(lun)。大(da)抵(di)子于亲丧(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang),有终身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痛,创巨者日(ri)久,痛深者愈迟,何(he)(he)岁(sui)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)止(zhi)乎(hu)?故(gu)练而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)慨然,悲慕未尽,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)踊擗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情差未;祥(xiang)(xiang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)廓(kuo)然,哀(ai)伤已除,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)孤藐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怀更剧(ju)。此(ci)(ci)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所致,宁外饰哉?故(gu)先(xian)王(wang)立(li)其(qi)中制(zhi),使情文(wen)两称,是(shi)以(yi)(yi)祥(xiang)(xiang)则(ze)(ze)缟带素纰,禫(xuan)(xuan)则(ze)(ze)无不(bu)(bu)(bu)佩。夫(fu)去衰麻(ma),袭锦縠,行(xing)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍,直为(wei)(wei)节(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)礼(li),叵如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何(he)(he)。故(gu)仲由(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)过(guo)(guo)制(zhi)为(wei)(wei)姊服,孔鲤不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)过(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)哭母(mu),彼(bi)讵不(bu)(bu)(bu)怀?畏名教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)严也(ye)。”当世谓(wei)柬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)诡圣人(ren),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)感(gan)论(lun)遂废。
王(wang)绍宗,字承烈,梁左民尚书铨曾孙。系本(ben)琅邪,徙江都云。少贫侠,嗜学,工(gong)草(cao)隶,客居僧(seng)坊,写书取(qu)庸自给(ji),凡三十年。庸足给(ji)一月即止,不取(qu)赢,人虽厚偿,辄拒不受。
徐敬业(ye)起兵,闻其行(xing),以币(bi)劫之(zhi)(zhi),称疾笃。复令唐之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)强遣,不肯(ken)赴(fu),敬业(ye)怒,将(jiang)杀之(zhi)(zhi),之(zhi)(zhi)奇(qi)曰:“彼人望也,杀之(zhi)(zhi)沮(ju)士心,不可。”由是(shi)免。事平,大总管李孝(xiao)逸(yi)表其节,武后召赴(fu)东都,谒殿中,褒慰(wei)良厚,擢太子文学。累进秘书少监,使(shi)侍皇太子。绍宗雅修饰(shi),当时公卿(qing)莫不慕悦其风(feng),张易之(zhi)(zhi)兄弟亦颇结纳。易之(zhi)(zhi)诛,坐废,卒于家。
尝与人(ren)书曰:“鄙夫书无工(gong)者,特由水墨之积习耳。常(chang)精心(xin)率(lv)意、虚神(shen)静思以(yi)取之。吴(wu)中陆大夫常(chang)以(yi)余比虞君,以(yi)不临写(xie)故也(ye)。闻虞被(bei)中画腹,与余正同(tong)。”虞,即(ji)世南也(ye)。
绍宗兄(xiong)玄宗,隐嵩山,号太和(he)先生,传黄老术。
彭景(jing)直(zhi),瀛州河间人(ren)。中宗景(jing)龙末,为(wei)太常(chang)博(bo)士。时献(xian)、昭、乾三陵皆日祭,景(jing)直(zhi)上言:
在(zai)礼,陵不日(ri)祭,宗(zong)庙(miao)有月祭,故王者设(she)庙(miao)、祧、坛、
墠,为(wei)亲(qin)疏多少之(zhi)杀。立七庙(miao)(miao)、一坛、一墠。曰(yue)(yue)考(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)王考(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)皇考(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)显考(kao)(kao)庙(miao)(miao),皆(jie)月祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。远庙(miao)(miao)为(wei)祧(tiao)(tiao),享尝乃止(zhi)。去祧(tiao)(tiao)为(wei)坛,去坛为(wei)墠,有祷祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi),无(wu)(wu)祷乃止(zhi)。谯周曰(yue)(yue):“天子始祖(zu)、高(gao)祖(zu)、曾祖(zu)、祖(zu)、考(kao)(kao)之(zhi)庙(miao)(miao),皆(jie)朔(shuo)加荐,以象生时(shi)(shi)朔(shuo)食(shi),号月祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),二(er)祧(tiao)(tiao)庙(miao)(miao)不(bu)月祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。”则古(gu)(gu)(gu)无(wu)(wu)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者。今(jin)诸(zhu)陵(ling)朔(shuo)、望(wang)进食(shi),近古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)殷事(shi);诸(zhu)节(jie)(jie)进食(shi),近古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)荐新。郑玄(xuan)曰(yue)(yue):“殷事(shi),月之(zhi)朔(shuo)、半,荐新奠也。”于《仪礼》,朔(shuo)、半日,犹(you)常日朝夕也,既大祥,即四(si)时(shi)(shi)焉,此其祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)皆(jie)在庙(miao)(miao)云(yun)。近世(shi)始以朔(shuo)、望(wang)诸(zhu)节(jie)(jie)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)陵(ling)寝(qin),唯四(si)时(shi)(shi)及腊,五享于庙(miao)(miao)。寻经质礼,无(wu)(wu)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于陵(ling)之(zhi)文。汉时(shi)(shi),京(jing)师自(zi)高(gao)祖(zu)下至宣帝(di),与太上(shang)皇、悼皇考(kao)(kao)陵(ling)旁立庙(miao)(miao)。园各有寝(qin)、便(bian)(bian)殿,故日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)寝(qin),月祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)便(bian)(bian)殿。贡(gong)禹(yu)以礼节(jie)(jie)烦(fan)数(shu),白元(yuan)帝(di)愿罢(ba)(ba)郡、国庙(miao)(miao)。丞相韦玄(xuan)成等后因议七庙(miao)(miao)外寝(qin)园皆(jie)无(wu)(wu)复修。议者亦以祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)欲数(shu),宜复古(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)时(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)于庙(miao)(miao)。刘歆引《春秋外传》曰(yue)(yue):“祖(zu)、祢日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),曾、高(gao)月祀,二(er)祧(tiao)(tiao)时(shi)(shi)享,坛、墠岁贡(gong)。”魏、晋以降,不(bu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墓。唐家择古(gu)(gu)(gu)作(zuo)法,臣谓宜罢(ba)(ba)诸(zhu)陵(ling)日祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),如礼便(bian)(bian)。
帝不(bu)从,因下诏(zhao):“有司言诸陵不(bu)当日(ri)(ri)进(jin)食。夫(fu)礼以人(ren)情为之沿(yan)革,何专古(gu)而泥所闻?乾(qian)陵宜(yi)朝晡进(jin)奠,昭、献陵日(ri)(ri)一进(jin),或(huo)所司乏于费,可减朕常膳为之。”
帝崩,葬定陵(ling),有司议以和思(si)皇后祔葬,后为武后所(suo)杀,不得其丧所(suo),将以招(zhao)魂(hun)合诸梓宫,景直曰:“招(zhao)魂(hun)古(gu)无传,不可。请如桥山藏衣(yi)冠故事,纳后祎衣(yi),复寝宫,举衣(yi)魂(hun)辂,告(gao)以太牢,内之方(fang)中,奉帝梓棺右,覆以夷衾。”众当其言,制(zhi)曰:“可。”景直后历(li)礼(li)部郎中卒。
卢粲(can)(can),幽(you)州范阳人(ren),后(hou)魏(wei)侍中(zhong)阳乌(wu)五世孙(sun)。祖彦(yan)卿,亦善著书(shu)。粲(can)(can)始冠(guan),擢进士(shi)第。神龙中(zhong),累迁给事中(zhong)。时(shi)(shi)节愍太(tai)子立,韦后(hou)疾之,讽中(zhong)宗以卫府封物给东宫,粲(can)(can)驳奏:“太(tai)子匕鬯主,岁时(shi)(shi)服(fu)用,宜取于百司(si)。《周礼》:诸用财器,‘岁终则会,唯王(wang)及太(tai)子不会’。今乃(nai)与诸王(wang)等(deng)夷,非所谓宪章古(gu)昔者。”诏可。
武(wu)崇(chong)(chong)训死(si),诏墓(mu)视(shi)陵制,粲(can)曰(yue):“凡王、公(gong)主墓(mu),无(wu)称(cheng)陵者(zhe),唯永泰公(gong)主事出(chu)(chu)特制,非后人所援(yuan)比。崇(chong)(chong)训茔兆,请(qing)视(shi)诸(zhu)王。”诏曰(yue):“安乐公(gong)主与(yu)永泰不异,崇(chong)(chong)训于主当(dang)同穴,为陵不疑。”粲(can)固执(zhi),以“陵之称(cheng),本施尊极,虽崇(chong)(chong)训之亲,不及雍(yong)王,雍(yong)墓(mu)不称(cheng)陵,崇(chong)(chong)训缘(yuan)主而(er)得(de)假是名哉?”诏可。主大怒,出(chu)(chu)粲(can)陈州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。粲(can)曰(yue):“苟所论得(de)行,虽远何惮!”开元初,为秘书少监。
其从父行(xing)嘉(jia),仕(shi)为雍王记室,亦以学闻。
粲累封固安(an)县(xian)侯,终邠王傅,谥曰景。
尹(yin)知章,绛(jiang)州翼城人。少(shao)虽学(xue),未(wei)甚通解,忽梦人持巨凿破其(qi)心,内若剂焉,惊悟,志(zhi)思开彻(che),遂遍明《六经》。诸生尝讲授者(zhe),更(geng)北面受大义。
长(zhang)安(an)中,擢定(ding)王(wang)府文学。迁(qian)太常博(bo)士。中宗时,或(huo)建言(yan)以凉武昭(zhao)王(wang)为七庙始祖,知(zhi)章(zhang)议:“武昭(zhao)远世,非(fei)王(wang)业所因。”乃止。出为陆(lu)浑令,坐事,辄(zhe)弃官去。时散骑常侍解(jie)琬亦罢(ba)归,与知(zhi)章(zhang)覃(tan)思经术(shu),举(ju)欣欣然(ran)。张说(shuo)表(biao)诸(zhu)朝,擢礼部员外(wai)郎,转(zhuan)国(guo)子博(bo)士。马怀(huai)素绪定(ding)秘(mi)书,奏知(zhi)章(zhang)是正文字。
每(mei)休(xiu)沐,讲授未始辍。于(yu)《易》、《老》、《庄》书尤县解。弟子(zi)贫(pin)者,赒给之。性和厚(hou),人不见(jian)有喜(xi)愠。未尝(chang)问(wen)产业(ye),其子(zi)欲广(guang)市樵(qiao)米(mi)为岁中计(ji),知章曰(yue):“如而(er)计(ji),则贫(pin)人何以取资?且(qie)吾乌应(ying)夺(duo)民利邪?”卒(zu)官。所注传(chuan)颇多,行于(yu)时。门人孙季(ji)良等颂其德,刻著东都国子(zi)监门外。
季良(liang),偃师(shi)人,一名翌,仕历左拾遗、集贤(xian)院直学士(shi)。
张(zhang)齐(qi)贤(xian),陕(shan)州陕(shan)人(ren)。圣历初,为太(tai)常奉礼(li)郎。
武(wu)后诏百(bai)官议(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),讲时(shi)(shi)(shi)令(ling)(ling),布(bu)(bu)(bu)政(zheng)事,京官九品以(yi)上(shang)(shang)、四方朝(chao)集使皆列于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)廷。太(tai)常(chang)博(bo)士(shi)辟(pi)闾仁(ren)谞(xu)曰(yue):“经(jing)无(wu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。唯《玉(yu)藻(zao)(zao)》:‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)南门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)。’《周太(tai)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)》:‘正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji),布(bu)(bu)(bu)政(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邦国都鄙。’干宝(bao)曰(yue):‘建子(zi)(zi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)日也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’此(ci)《玉(yu)藻(zao)(zao)》听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)同谊(yi)。今(jin)元(yuan)日读时(shi)(shi)(shi)令(ling)(ling),合(he)古(gu)听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)事。独郑玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)秦制(zhi)《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》有五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)官,因言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)‘听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)必(bi)以(yi)特牲告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及神,以(yi)文(wen)王(wang)(wang)、武(wu)王(wang)(wang)配(pei)(pei)。’其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)非是(shi)(shi)。《月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)令(ling)(ling)》曰(yue)‘其(qi)(qi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)太(tai)昊,其(qi)(qi)神句芒(mang)’,谓(wei)宣令(ling)(ling)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren),使奉(feng)时(shi)(shi)(shi)务(wu)业,月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)皆有令(ling)(ling),故(gu)(gu)云,非天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)配(pei)(pei)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)者(zhe),诸(zhu)侯礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),《春秋》:‘既视朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),遂(sui)登台(tai)。’玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)又说(shuo)人(ren)(ren)君月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao),其(qi)(qi)祭(ji)(ji)为朝(chao)享(xiang)。鲁(lu)自(zi)文(wen)公始不(bu)(bu)(bu)视朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),明(ming)(ming)非天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)所行(xing)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)谓(wei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)即人(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),神即重(zhong)、黎、五(wu)(wu)(wu)官,不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)拜祭(ji)(ji)。臣请罢告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)、月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)祭(ji)(ji),以(yi)应古(gu)礼(li)(li)。”齐贤不(bu)(bu)(bu)韪其(qi)(qi)说(shuo),质曰(yue):“谷梁氏称(cheng)‘闰(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)’,它月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)故(gu)(gu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)矣(yi)。左氏言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)鲁(lu)‘不(bu)(bu)(bu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)闰(run)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),为弃时(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)’,则(ze)诸(zhu)侯虽(sui)(sui)闰(run)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)矣(yi)。《周太(tai)史(shi)(shi)》‘颁(ban)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)邦国’,《玉(yu)藻(zao)(zao)》‘闰(run)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),王(wang)(wang)居门’,是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)虽(sui)(sui)闰(run)亦(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。二(er)(er)家去圣不(bu)(bu)(bu)远,载天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)、诸(zhu)侯告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)事,显显弗(fu)缪(mou)。今(jin)议(yi)者(zhe)乃以(yi)《太(tai)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)》正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji),布(bu)(bu)(bu)治邦国,而言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)元(yuan)日一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),殊失(shi)其(qi)(qi)旨。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan),六(liu)官自(zi)布(bu)(bu)(bu)所职之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典。干宝(bao)谓(wei)吉(ji)为朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),故(gu)(gu)世人(ren)(ren)谬吉(ji)为告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),据缪(mou)失(shi)经(jing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得为法。议(yi)者(zhe)又引(yin)左氏说(shuo),专在(zai)诸(zhu)侯,不(bu)(bu)(bu)知《玉(yu)藻(zao)(zao)》与(yu)左说(shuo)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)同,而独于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)岁首(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),何去取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!又谓(wei)时(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),五(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)包天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)文(wen)、武(wu)作配(pei)(pei),是(shi)(shi)并告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)两五(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为不(bu)(bu)(bu)疑。诸(zhu)侯受(shou)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi),藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)受(shou)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),宜在(zai)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),故(gu)(gu)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),配(pei)(pei)祖(zu)考。议(yi)者(zhe)曰(yue):‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)祭(ji)(ji)颁(ban)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),则(ze)诸(zhu)侯安(an)得藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?故(gu)(gu)太(tai)宰(zai)(zai)(zai)岁首(shou)布(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)岁事,太(tai)史(shi)(shi)颁(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。’是(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)然。《周太(tai)史(shi)(shi)》‘颁(ban)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)邦国’,是(shi)(shi)总颁(ban)十二(er)(er)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)侯;天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)犹月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)者(zhe),颁(ban)官府都鄙也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。内外(wai)异言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。礼(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可罢。”凤(feng)阁侍郎王(wang)(wang)方庆又推言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):“明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),布(bu)(bu)(bu)政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫,所以(yi)明(ming)(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)气(qi),统万物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。汉儒以(yi)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)、太(tai)庙(miao)(miao)为一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),宗祀(si)其(qi)(qi)祖(zu),而配(pei)(pei)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。取宗祀(si)曰(yue)清庙(miao)(miao),正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)室为太(tai)室,向(xiang)阳(yang)为明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),建学(xue)(xue)为太(tai)学(xue)(xue),圜(yuan)水为辟(pi)雍(yong),异名同事,古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)以(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)辛总受(shou)十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)政(zheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南郊,还藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)取一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng),班之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)。诸(zhu)侯则(ze)受(shou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi),藏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)庙(miao)(miao),月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)取一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)政(zheng),行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国。王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)礼(li)(li)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)庙(miao)(miao),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);视月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)视朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)。《玉(yu)藻(zao)(zao)》:‘玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)冕而朝(chao)日东门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)南门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)。’郑玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)说(shuo):‘明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)在(zai)国阳(yang),就其(qi)(qi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)堂(tang)而听(ting)(ting)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)焉(yan)。卒事,宿路寝。’今(jin)元(yuan)日通(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宫受(shou)朝(chao),有司遂(sui)读时(shi)(shi)(shi)令(ling)(ling)、布(bu)(bu)(bu)政(zheng),古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。旧说(shuo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)岁入(ru)明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)者(zhe)十八:大(da)享(xiang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi);月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),十二(er)(er);四时(shi)(shi)(shi)迎气(qi),四;巡狩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。今(jin)议(yi)者(zhe)唯许岁首(shou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)入(ru),不(bu)(bu)(bu)亦(yi)(yi)隘乎?陛(bi)下(xia)幸建明(ming)(ming)堂(tang),遵用告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)事,若月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)听(ting)(ting),则(ze)近于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)烦,每(mei)孟(meng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)视朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),惟制(zhi)定其(qi)(qi)礼(li)(li),臣下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢专。”成均博(bo)士(shi)吴(wu)杨(yang)吾(wu)等共言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan):“秦灭学(xue)(xue),告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)朔(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)废。今(jin)用四孟(meng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)、季夏,至明(ming)(ming)堂(tang)告(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)五(wu)(wu)(wu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)堂(tang)上(shang)(shang),请兼如齐贤、方庆议(yi)。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)数岁,礼(li)(li)亦(yi)(yi)废。
久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),齐(qi)贤(xian)(xian)迁博(bo)士(shi)。时东都置太(tai)社(she)(she)(she),礼(li)(li)部尚(shang)书祝(zhu)钦明(ming)问(wen)礼(li)(li)官博(bo)士(shi):“周(zhou)家田主(zhu)用(yong)所宜(yi)木,今(jin)社(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)石(shi),奈何?”齐(qi)贤(xian)(xian)与太(tai)常少(shao)卿韦叔夏、国子司业郭(guo)山恽(yun)、尹知章(zhang)等议:“《春(chun)(chun)秋》:‘君以(yi)(yi)(yi)军(jun)行,祓社(she)(she)(she)衅鼓,祝(zhu)奉(feng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)从。’故(gu)曰(yue):‘不用(yong)命,戮于社(she)(she)(she)。’社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)主(zhu)用(yong)石(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)可奉(feng)而行也(ye)(ye)(ye)。崔灵恩(en)曰(yue):‘社(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)用(yong)石(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)地产最(zui)实欤!’《吕氏春(chun)(chun)秋》言‘殷(yin)人社(she)(she)(she)用(yong)石(shi)’。后(hou)魏天(tian)平中,迁太(tai)社(she)(she)(she)石(shi)主(zhu),其(qi)来尚(shang)矣。周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田主(zhu)用(yong)所宜(yi)木,其(qi)民间(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)(she)(she)欤!非(fei)太(tai)社(she)(she)(she)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”于是旧主(zhu)长尺(chi)(chi)有六寸,方(fang)(fang)尺(chi)(chi)七寸,问(wen)博(bo)士(shi)云何,齐(qi)贤(xian)(xian)等议:“社(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),礼(li)(li)无(wu)传。天(tian)子亲征,载以(yi)(yi)(yi)行,则(ze)非(fei)过重。《礼(li)(li)》:‘社(she)(she)(she)祭(ji)土(tu)(tu),主(zhu)阴气。’《韩(han)诗外(wai)传》:‘天(tian)子太(tai)社(she)(she)(she)方(fang)(fang)五(wu)丈,诸(zhu)侯(hou)半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’五(wu),土(tu)(tu)数。社(she)(she)(she)主(zhu)宜(yi)长五(wu)尺(chi)(chi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)准数五(wu);方(fang)(fang)二尺(chi)(chi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)准阴偶;剡其(qi)上(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)象物生;方(fang)(fang)其(qi)下(xia),以(yi)(yi)(yi)象地体;埋(mai)半(ban)土(tu)(tu)中,本(ben)末均也(ye)(ye)(ye)。请度以(yi)(yi)(yi)古尺(chi)(chi)”云。又(you)问(wen):“社(she)(she)(she)稷(ji)坛随(sui)四方(fang)(fang)用(yong)色(se),而中不数尺(chi)(chi),冒(mao)黄土(tu)(tu),谓何?”齐(qi)贤(xian)(xian)等曰(yue):“天(tian)子太(tai)社(she)(she)(she),度广五(wu)丈,分四方(fang)(fang),上(shang)(shang)冒(mao)黄土(tu)(tu),象王(wang)者覆(fu)(fu)被四方(fang)(fang),然则(ze)当以(yi)(yi)(yi)黄土(tu)(tu)覆(fu)(fu)坛上(shang)(shang)。旧坛上(shang)(shang)不数尺(chi)(chi),覆(fu)(fu)被之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狭,乖于古。”于是以(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)色(se)饰坛四面(mian)及陛(bi),而黄土(tu)(tu)全覆(fu)(fu)上(shang)(shang)焉。祭(ji)牲(sheng)皆太(tai)牢。其(qi)后(hou)改先农曰(yue)“帝(di)社(she)(she)(she)”,又(you)立“帝(di)稷(ji)”,皆齐(qi)贤(xian)(xian)等参(can)定。
中(zhong)宗(zong)即(ji)位,因武(wu)后(hou)东都庙(miao)(miao)改为(wei)(wei)(wei)唐(tang)庙(miao)(miao),议满七(qi)室,以(yi)(yi)(yi)凉(liang)(liang)武(wu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)。齐(qi)贤(xian)上(shang)(shang)议:“《礼(li)》,天子七(qi)庙(miao)(miao),尊始(shi)封君(jun)曰太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),百(bai)代不(bu)迁(qian),始(shi)祖(zu)(zu)无(wu)闻焉。殷自(zi)玄(xuan)王(wang)至(zhi)汤,周后(hou)稷至(zhi)武(wu)王(wang),皆出(chu)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)后(hou),合食有序。景皇帝(di)(di)始(shi)封唐(tang),实为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)世数(shu)近,故尚在昭(zhao)(zhao)穆。今乃上(shang)(shang)引武(wu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu),异乎殷、周之本卨、稷也(ye)。卨、稷兴胙,景皇帝(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)国不(bu)世传,后(hou)嗣(si)失守。景帝(di)(di)实始(shi)封唐(tang),子孙是(shi)(shi)承(cheng)。若近舍(she)唐(tang),远(yuan)引凉(liang)(liang),不(bu)见其(qi)可(ke)。且(qie)魏不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)曹参(can),晋不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)司马卬,宋不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)楚元王(wang),齐(qi)、梁不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)萧何,陈、隋不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)胡公、杨震,今谓昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu),可(ke)乎?汉以(yi)(yi)(yi)周郊后(hou)稷,议欲(yu)郊尧,杜林以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)周兴自(zi)后(hou)稷,汉业特(te)起,功(gong)(gong)不(bu)缘尧,卒(zu)不(bu)果郊。武(wu)德(de)初定,去昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)尤(you)近,不(bu)托(tuo)祖(zu)(zu)者,不(bu)可(ke)故也(ye)。今而立之,非(fei)(fei)祖(zu)(zu)宗(zong)意。景皇失位,神(shen)弗临(lin)享(xiang),殆(dai)非(fei)(fei)诒厥孙谋者。”博士(shi)刘(liu)承(cheng)庆、尹知章又言(yan):“受(shou)命之君(jun),王(wang)迹(ji)有浅深,代系有远(yuan)迩。祖(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)(gong),昭(zhao)(zhao)穆以(yi)(yi)(yi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)。有功(gong)(gong)者不(bu)迁(qian),亲(qin)(qin)(qin)尽者毁。今不(bu)宜以(yi)(yi)(yi)庙(miao)(miao)数(shu)未备,引当迁(qian)之主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)昭(zhao)(zhao)穆上(shang)(shang),苟充七(qi)室也(ye)。景皇帝(di)(di)既号太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)世浅犹在六室位,则室未当有七(qi),非(fei)(fei)天子庙(miao)(miao)不(bu)当七(qi)也(ye)。大帝(di)(di)神(shen)主(zhu)既祔,宣皇帝(di)(di)当迁(qian)。宣非(fei)(fei)始(shi)祖(zu)(zu),又无(wu)宗(zong)号,亲(qin)(qin)(qin)尽而迁(qian),不(bu)可(ke)复立。请仍为(wei)(wei)(wei)六室。”诏宰相(xiang)详裁。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)祝钦明等(deng)上(shang)(shang)言(yan):“博士(shi)等(deng)三百(bai)人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)两说:齐(qi)贤(xian)等(deng)不(bu)祖(zu)(zu)武(wu)昭(zhao)(zhao)王(wang),刘(liu)承(cheng)庆等(deng)请迁(qian)宣皇帝(di)(di)。臣等(deng)欲(yu)皆可(ke)其(qi)奏。”诏可(ke)。俄(e)以(yi)(yi)(yi)孝敬皇帝(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)义宗(zong),列于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)(miao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)室。西京太(tai)庙(miao)(miao)亦如之。
齐贤迁累谏议大(da)夫,卒(zu)。
柳冲,蒲州(zhou)(zhou)虞(yu)乡(xiang)人(ren),隋饶州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi)庄曾孙(sun)。父楚(chu)(chu)贤,大业中(zhong)为河北(bei)县长。高祖兵(bing)兴,尧君(jun)素据郡固(gu)守,楚(chu)(chu)贤说曰:“隋之亡,天下共知。唐公名(ming)在图箓(lu),动(dong)以诚信,豪英景赴,天所赞也。君(jun)子见几而作(zuo),俟(si)终日邪?”君(jun)素不(bu)从,楚(chu)(chu)贤潜行自归,授侍御史(shi)(shi)。贞观中(zhong),持(chi)节册拜(bai)突厥,辞其遗(yi)不(bu)受。历交、桂二州(zhou)(zhou)都督、杭州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)(shi),皆有(you)名(ming)。
冲好学,多所研总。天授初(chu),为司府寺(si)主簿(bu),诏遣安抚淮南,使有指(zhi),封河东县男。中(zhong)宗景龙中(zhong),迁左散骑(qi)常侍(shi),修国史。
初,太宗命诸儒(ru)撰(zhuan)《氏族志》,甄差群姓。其(qi)后门胄兴替(ti)不常(chang),冲(chong)请改修其(qi)书,帝(di)诏魏元(yuan)忠、张(zhang)锡、萧至(zhi)忠、岑羲、崔湜、徐坚、刘宪、吴兢及冲(chong)共取德、功、时望、国(guo)籍之(zhi)家(jia),等而(er)次之(zhi)。夷蕃酋(qiu)长袭冠带者,析著(zhu)别品(pin)。会元(yuan)忠等继物(wu)故,至(zhi)先天时,复(fu)诏冲(chong)及坚、兢与(yu)魏知古、陆象先、刘子(zi)玄等讨缀,书乃成,号《姓系录》。历太子(zi)宾客、宋王师(shi)、昭(zhao)文(wen)馆学士,以(yi)老(lao)致仕(shi)。开元(yuan)初,诏冲(chong)与(yu)薛(xue)南金复(fu)加刊窜(cuan),乃定。
后柳芳著论甚详,今删其要,著之(zhi)左方。芳之(zhi)言(yan)曰:
氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)者(zhe),古(gu)史官所记也(ye)。昔周小史定系世,辩(bian)昭穆,故古(gu)有(you)《世本》,录黄帝以来至春秋时诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)、卿(qing)、大夫名号继统。左丘(qiu)明传《春秋》,亦(yi)言:“天子建德,因生以赐姓,胙(zuo)之土,命之氏(shi)(shi);诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)以字(zi)(zi)为氏(shi)(shi),以谥为族(zu)(zu)。”昔尧赐伯(bo)禹姓曰姒(si),氏(shi)(shi)曰有(you)夏;伯(bo)尼姓曰姜,氏(shi)(shi)曰有(you)吕。下及三(san)代,官有(you)世功,则(ze)(ze)有(you)官族(zu)(zu),邑(yi)亦(yi)如之。后世或氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国,则(ze)(ze)齐、鲁、秦、吴;氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)谥,则(ze)(ze)文、武、成、宣(xuan);氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)官,则(ze)(ze)司马、司徒;氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)爵,则(ze)(ze)王孙(sun)、公孙(sun);氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)字(zi)(zi),则(ze)(ze)孟(meng)孙(sun)、叔孙(sun);氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)居,则(ze)(ze)东门、北(bei)郭;氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)志,则(ze)(ze)三(san)乌(wu)、五鹿;氏(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)事,则(ze)(ze)巫、乙、匠、陶。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)受姓命氏(shi)(shi),粲然众矣。
秦既(ji)灭(mie)学,公侯子孙(sun)失其(qi)本系(xi)。汉(han)兴,司马迁父子乃(nai)约《世(shi)(shi)本》修《史记(ji)》,因(yin)周谱(pu)明世(shi)(shi)家(jia),乃(nai)知姓氏之所(suo)由(you)出,虞、夏、商、周、昆吾(wu)、大彭、豕韦、齐桓(huan)、晋文皆同祖也。更(geng)王迭霸,多(duo)者千(qian)祀,少者数(shu)十代。先(xian)王之封既(ji)绝,后(hou)嗣蒙其(qi)福(fu),犹(you)为强家(jia)。
汉高(gao)帝兴(xing)徒(tu)步,有(you)天下,命官以贤,诏爵以功,誓(shi)曰(yue):“非刘(liu)氏王(wang)、无功侯者(zhe),天下共诛之。”先(xian)王(wang)公卿(qing)之胄,才则(ze)用(yong),不(bu)才弃之,不(bu)辨士(shi)与庶族,然(ran)则(ze)始尚官矣。然(ran)犹徙山东豪杰以实京师,齐诸田,楚屈、景,皆(jie)右姓也。其后进拔豪英,论(lun)而录之,盖(gai)七(qi)相(xiang)、五公之所由兴(xing)也。
魏(wei)(wei)氏(shi)(shi)立九(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin),置中(zhong)正(zheng),尊世(shi)(shi)胄(zhou),卑寒士,权归(gui)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)已。其州大中(zhong)正(zheng)、主簿,郡(jun)中(zhong)正(zheng)、功曹,皆取著姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)士族(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi),以定(ding)门胄(zhou),品(pin)(pin)(pin)藻人物。晋、宋因(yin)之(zhi),始尚(shang)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)已。然其别贵贱,分士庶,不(bu)可(ke)易也(ye)。于(yu)时(shi)有(you)司(si)选(xuan)举,必稽谱籍,而(er)考其真(zhen)伪。故官有(you)世(shi)(shi)胄(zhou),谱有(you)世(shi)(shi)官,贾氏(shi)(shi)、王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)谱学出(chu)焉(yan)。由(you)是(shi)有(you)谱局,令史职皆具。过江则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“侨(qiao)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,王(wang)、谢、袁、萧为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大;东南则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“吴姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,硃、张、顾、陆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大;山东则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“郡(jun)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,王(wang)、崔(cui)、卢、李、郑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大;关中(zhong)亦号“郡(jun)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,韦、裴、柳(liu)、薛、杨(yang)、杜首(shou)之(zhi);代北则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“虏(lu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,元(yuan)、长孙、宇文、于(yu)、陆、源、窦首(shou)之(zhi)。“虏(lu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe),魏(wei)(wei)孝文帝(di)迁洛,有(you)八氏(shi)(shi)十姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),三(san)(san)(san)十六族(zu)(zu)(zu)九(jiu)十二姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。八氏(shi)(shi)十姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),出(chu)于(yu)帝(di)宗属,或(huo)诸国(guo)从(cong)魏(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe);三(san)(san)(san)十六族(zu)(zu)(zu)九(jiu)十二姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),世(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)部落大人;并号河南洛阳人。“郡(jun)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”者(zhe)(zhe),以中(zhong)国(guo)士人差第(di)阀阅为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)制,凡(fan)三(san)(san)(san)世(shi)(shi)有(you)三(san)(san)(san)公者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)“膏(gao)粱”,有(you)令、仆者(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)“华(hua)腴”,尚(shang)书、领、护而(er)上者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“甲姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,九(jiu)卿若方伯者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“乙(yi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,散骑常(chang)侍(shi)、太中(zhong)大夫者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“丙姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”,吏部正(zheng)员郎为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“丁(ding)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。凡(fan)得(de)入者(zhe)(zhe),谓(wei)之(zhi)“四(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。又(you)诏代人诸胄(zhou),初无族(zu)(zu)(zu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),其穆、陆、奚、于(yu),下(xia)吏部勿充猥官,得(de)视“四(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”。北齐(qi)因(yin)仍,举秀才、州主簿、郡(jun)功曹,非“四(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)”不(bu)在(zai)选(xuan)。故江左定(ding)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu),凡(fan)郡(jun)上姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)第(di)一,则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);太和以郡(jun)四(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);齐(qi)浮(fu)屠昙刚(gang)《类例(li)》凡(fan)甲门为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);周建德氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以四(si)海(hai)通望为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);隋开皇氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)以上品(pin)(pin)(pin)、茂(mao)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);唐《贞观氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)志(zhi)》凡(fan)第(di)一等则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);路(lu)氏(shi)(shi)著《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)略》,以盛门为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);柳(liu)冲(chong)《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)族(zu)(zu)(zu)系录》凡(fan)四(si)海(hai)望族(zu)(zu)(zu)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)右(you)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。不(bu)通历代之(zhi)说,不(bu)可(ke)与言谱也(ye)。今流俗独以崔(cui)、卢、李、郑为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),加太原王(wang)氏(shi)(shi)号五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),盖不(bu)经也(ye)。
夫文之(zhi)弊(bi),至(zhi)于尚(shang)(shang)(shang)官(guan);官(guan)之(zhi)弊(bi),至(zhi)于尚(shang)(shang)(shang)姓(xing)(xing);姓(xing)(xing)之(zhi)弊(bi),至(zhi)于尚(shang)(shang)(shang)诈。隋承(cheng)其(qi)弊(bi),不(bu)知其(qi)所(suo)以弊(bi),乃反古道,罢乡(xiang)举,离地(di)著,尊(zun)执事之(zhi)吏。于是乎(hu)土无(wu)乡(xiang)里(li),里(li)无(wu)衣(yi)冠(guan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)无(wu)廉耻,士族乱而(er)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)僭(jian)矣。故(gu)(gu)(gu)善言(yan)谱者(zhe)(zhe),系之(zhi)地(di)望而(er)不(bu)惑,质之(zhi)姓(xing)(xing)氏而(er)无(wu)疑,缀之(zhi)婚姻而(er)有别(bie)。山东之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)质,故(gu)(gu)(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)婚娅,其(qi)信可与也(ye);江左之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文,故(gu)(gu)(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物,其(qi)智可与也(ye);关中之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)雄,故(gu)(gu)(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)冠(guan)冕(mian),其(qi)达可与也(ye);代北之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)武,故(gu)(gu)(gu)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)贵戚,其(qi)泰可与也(ye)。及其(qi)弊(bi),则(ze)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)婚娅者(zhe)(zhe)先外族、后本宗(zong),尚(shang)(shang)(shang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物者(zhe)(zhe)进(jin)庶(shu)孽、退嫡长,尚(shang)(shang)(shang)冠(guan)冕(mian)者(zhe)(zhe)略伉(kang)俪、慕荣华,尚(shang)(shang)(shang)贵戚者(zhe)(zhe)徇势(shi)利、亡礼教。四(si)者(zhe)(zhe)俱弊(bi),则(ze)失其(qi)所(suo)尚(shang)(shang)(shang)矣。
人无(wu)所守,则(ze)士族削;士族削,则(ze)国(guo)从而衰。管仲曰:“为(wei)国(guo)之(zhi)道,利出(chu)一孔(kong)者王(wang),二(er)孔(kong)者强,三(san)孔(kong)者弱,四孔(kong)者亡(wang)。”故(gu)冠(guan)婚(hun)者,人道大伦。周、汉之(zhi)官(guan)人,齐其政(zheng),一其门,使下(xia)知(zhi)禁,此出(chu)一孔(kong)也,故(gu)王(wang);魏、晋官(guan)人,尊中正,立(li)九(jiu)品(pin),乡有(you)(you)异(yi)政(zheng),家(jia)有(you)(you)竞(jing)心,此出(chu)二(er)孔(kong)也,故(gu)强;江左、代北诸姓,纷(fen)乱不一,其要无(wu)归(gui),此出(chu)三(san)孔(kong)也,故(gu)弱;隋氏官(guan)人,以吏(li)道治天(tian)下(xia),人之(zhi)行,不本乡党(dang),政(zheng)烦于上(shang),人乱于下(xia),此出(chu)四孔(kong)也,故(gu)亡(wang)。唐承隋乱,宜救之(zhi)以忠,忠厚则(ze)乡党(dang)之(zhi)行修(xiu);乡党(dang)之(zhi)行修(xiu),则(ze)人物(wu)之(zhi)道长;人物(wu)之(zhi)道长,则(ze)冠(guan)冕(mian)之(zhi)绪崇;冠(guan)冕(mian)之(zhi)绪崇,则(ze)教化之(zhi)风美(mei);乃可与古参矣。
晋太元中,散骑(qi)常侍河东贾弼撰(zhuan)《姓(xing)(xing)氏簿状》,十(shi)八(ba)州百十(shi)六郡(jun),合七百一十(shi)二篇(pian)(pian)(pian),甄析士庶无所遗。宋王(wang)弘、刘(liu)湛(zhan)(zhan)好(hao)其(qi)(qi)书。弘每(mei)日对千客,可不犯一人(ren)讳。湛(zhan)(zhan)为(wei)选曹,撰(zhuan)《百家谱》以助铨(quan)序,文(wen)伤寡省,王(wang)俭又广(guang)之(zhi),王(wang)僧(seng)孺演益(yi)为(wei)十(shi)八(ba)篇(pian)(pian)(pian),东南诸族自为(wei)一篇(pian)(pian)(pian),不入百家数。弼传(chuan)(chuan)子匪(fei)之(zhi),匪(fei)之(zhi)传(chuan)(chuan)子希镜(jing)(jing),希镜(jing)(jing)撰(zhuan)《姓(xing)(xing)氏要状》十(shi)五篇(pian)(pian)(pian),尤(you)所谙究。希镜(jing)(jing)传(chuan)(chuan)子执(zhi),执(zhi)更作《姓(xing)(xing)氏英贤(xian)》一百篇(pian)(pian)(pian),又著《百家谱》,广(guang)两(liang)王(wang)所记。执(zhi)传(chuan)(chuan)其(qi)(qi)孙冠,冠撰(zhuan)《梁国亲皇太子序亲簿》四篇(pian)(pian)(pian)。王(wang)氏之(zhi)学,本于贾氏。
唐兴(xing),言谱者以路敬(jing)淳(chun)为宗(zong),柳冲、韦述次之(zhi)。李守素亦明姓氏,时谓(wei)“肉谱”者。后有李公淹、萧(xiao)颖(ying)士(shi)、殷寅、孔至,为世所称。
初(chu),汉有邓氏《官谱(pu)》,应劭有《氏族(zu)》一篇(pian)(pian),王符(fu)《潜夫论》亦(yi)有《姓氏》一篇(pian)(pian),宋何承(cheng)天有《姓苑》二篇(pian)(pian)。谱(pu)学大抵具此(ci)。魏太和(he)时,诏诸郡中正,各列本(ben)土(tu)姓族(zu)次第为(wei)举选格,名(ming)曰(yue)“方(fang)司格”,人到于今称(cheng)之。
马(ma)怀(huai)素,字惟白,润(run)州丹徒人(ren)。客(ke)江都,师(shi)事李善(shan),贫无资(zi),昼樵,夜辄然(ran)以读书,遂博通经史。擢(zhuo)进士(shi)(shi)第,又(you)中文(wen)学优赡科,补(bu)郿尉。积劳,迁左台监察御(yu)史。长安中,大夫魏元(yuan)忠为张易之(zhi)构谪岭表(biao),太(tai)仆崔贞忄(xin)贞、东宫率独(du)孤(gu)祎之(zhi)祖道(dao)(dao),易之(zhi)怒(nu),使(shi)人(ren)上急变(bian),告贞忄(xin)贞等与元(yuan)忠谋(mou)反。武后(hou)诏怀(huai)素按(an)之(zhi),使(shi)者促迫,怀(huai)素执不(bu)从,曰:“贞忄(xin)贞饯流人(ren)当得罪(zui)(zui),以为谋(mou)反,则非(fei)。昔(xi)彭越以逆诛,栾(luan)布(bu)奏事尸(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia),汉不(bu)坐罪(zui)(zui)。今元(yuan)忠罪(zui)(zui)非(fei)越比,不(bu)宜坐饯阔之(zhi)人(ren)。且陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)操生杀柄,欲加之(zhi)罪(zui)(zui),自(zi)当处(chu)决(jue)圣心。既付(fu)臣(chen)按(an)状(zhuang),惟知守陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)法(fa)尔。”后(hou)意解(jie),贞忄(xin)贞等乃(nai)免。宰相李迥秀藉易之(zhi)势,敛赇诿(wei)法(fa),怀(huai)素劾罢之(zhi)。转礼部员(yuan)外(wai)郎。以十道(dao)(dao)使(shi)黜陟江西,处(chu)决(jue)平恕。迁考功,核取(qu)实才,权贵谒(ye)请不(bu)能阿挠。擢(zhuo)中书舍人(ren)内(nei)供(gong)奉,为修文(wen)馆直学士(shi)(shi)。
开(kai)元初,为(wei)(wei)(wei)户部侍郎,封(feng)常山(shan)县公,进兼昭文(wen)(wen)馆学(xue)士。笃(du)学(xue),手未(wei)(wei)尝废卷(juan)。谦恭(gong)慎(shen)畏,推为(wei)(wei)(wei)长者。玄宗诏(zhao)与褚(chu)无量同(tong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)侍读,更日(ri)番入。既叩阁,肩舆(yu)以进;或行在远,听乘马。宫中每宴见,帝(di)自送(song)迎以师臣礼。有(you)诏(zhao)句校(xiao)(xiao)秘(mi)书。是时(shi),文(wen)(wen)籍(ji)(ji)盈漫,皆炱朽蟫断,签啇纷(fen)舛。怀素建白(bai):“愿下紫微、黄门(men),召宿学(xue)巨儒就校(xiao)(xiao)缪缺。”又言:“自齐以前旧籍(ji)(ji),王俭《七志》已详(xiang)。请采近(jin)书篇(pian)目及前志遗者,续俭《志》以藏秘(mi)府(fu)(fu)。”诏(zhao)可。即拜怀素秘(mi)书监。乃诏(zhao)国子博士尹知章、四(si)门(men)助(zhu)教王直(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)(zhi)国子监赵玄默,陆(lu)浑丞(cheng)吴(wu)绰、桑泉(quan)尉(wei)(wei)韦述(shu)、扶风(feng)丞(cheng)马利征、湖州司功参(can)军刘彦(yan)直(zhi)(zhi)、临汝(ru)丞(cheng)宋辞玉、恭(gong)陵丞(cheng)陆(lu)绍(shao)伯、新郑尉(wei)(wei)李子钊(zhao)、杭州参(can)军殷(yin)践(jian)猷、梓潼尉(wei)(wei)解崇质、四(si)门(men)直(zhi)(zhi)讲余钦、进士王惬、刘仲(zhong)丘、右威(wei)卫参(can)军侯行果、邢州司户参(can)军袁晖(hui)、海州录(lu)事参(can)军晁良、右率府(fu)(fu)胄曹参(can)军毋煚、荥阳(yang)主簿王湾、太常寺太祝(zhu)郑良金等(deng)分部撰(zhuan)次(ci),践(jian)猷从弟秘(mi)书丞(cheng)承业、武陟(zhi)尉(wei)(wei)徐楚(chu)璧是正文(wen)(wen)字。怀素奏秘(mi)书少监卢俌、崔(cui)沔(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)修(xiu)图书副使(shi),秘(mi)书郎田(tian)可封(feng)、康子元为(wei)(wei)(wei)判官。然怀素不(bu)善著(zhu)述(shu),未(wei)(wei)能(neng)有(you)所绪别。会卒,帝(di)举(ju)哀(ai)洛(luo)阳(yang)南(nan)城门(men),赠(zeng)润州刺史,谥(shi)曰文(wen)(wen),给舆(yu)还乡里,丧事官办。
怀(huai)素卒(zu)后(hou),诏秘(mi)书(shu)官并号修书(shu)学(xue)(xue)士,草(cao)定四(si)部,人(ren)人(ren)意自出,无(wu)所统一,逾年不(bu)成。有司疲于供拟,太仆卿王毛仲(zhong)奏罢内料。又诏右(you)常侍褚无(wu)量、大理卿元行冲考(kao)绌(chu)不(bu)应选者,无(wu)量等奏:“修撰有条,宜(yi)得大儒综(zong)治(zhi)(zhi)。”诏委(wei)行冲。乃令煚、述(shu)、钦(qin)总缉部分,践猷、惬治(zhi)(zhi)经,述(shu)、钦(qin)治(zhi)(zhi)史,煚、彦直治(zhi)(zhi)子,湾、仲(zhong)丘(qiu)治(zhi)(zhi)集(ji)。八年,《四(si)录(lu)》成,上之。学(xue)(xue)士无(wu)赏擢者。
行(xing)冲知丽正院,又奏绍伯、利征、彦直、践猷、行(xing)果、子钊、直、煚、述、湾、玄默、钦(qin)、良金与朝邑(yi)丞冯朝隐、冠氏(shi)尉权寅献、秘(mi)书(shu)省校(xiao)书(shu)郎(lang)孟晓、扬州兵曹参(can)军韩(han)覃、王(wang)嗣琳,福昌令张悱(fei)、进士崔藏之入校(xiao)丽正书(shu)。由是秘(mi)书(shu)省罢(ba)撰缉,而(er)学士皆在丽正矣(yi)。
惬、仲丘老病(bing)还乡里。绍伯卒于官(guan)。直(zhi)终(zhong)岐王(wang)府(fu)(fu)记(ji)室参(can)军(jun)事(shi)。玄默集贤直(zhi)学士(shi)。利征,出为山(shan)茌令,儒缓无治术,免官(guan),终(zhong)于家。子钊坐保任非人,终(zhong)德州长史。钦至太(tai)(tai)学博士(shi)、集贤院学士(shi)。湾,洛阳尉。良(liang)金,右补阙(que)、京兆府(fu)(fu)仓曹(cao)参(can)军(jun)事(shi)。寅献,临淮太(tai)(tai)守。晓,左补阙(que)。覃,莱州别驾,坐诬告刺史,流远方。藏之,膳部员外郎(lang),明年(nian),以(yi)将(jiang)仕郎(lang)梁令瓚文学直(zhi)书院,后(hou)以(yi)右率府(fu)(fu)兵(bing)曹(cao)参(can)军(jun)而罢,终(zhong)恒王(wang)府(fu)(fu)司马。秘书省校书郎(lang)源幼良(liang)代利征,后(hou)以(yi)协律郎(lang)罢。
殷(yin)践猷,字伯起,陈给事中不害五世从孙(sun)。博(bo)学(xue),尤通氏(shi)族(zu)、历数、医方(fang)。与贺(he)知(zhi)章、陆象(xiang)先、韦述最善(shan),知(zhi)章尝号为“五总龟”,谓(wei)龟千年(nian)五聚,问(wen)无不知(zhi)也(ye)。初为杭州参军,举文(wen)儒异等科(ke),授秘书(shu)省(sheng)学(xue)士,用曹州司法参军,兼丽正(zheng)殿学(xue)士。以叔父丧,哀恸欧(ou)血而卒,年(nian)四(si)十(shi)八。
少子(zi)(zi)寅,举宏辞(ci),为太子(zi)(zi)校书,出为永(yong)宁尉。吏侮谩(man)甚,寅怒杀之,贬澄城丞。病且死,以母萧(xiao)老,不(bu)忍决。及敛,其(qi)子(zi)(zi)亮断(duan)指剪发置(zhi)棺中,自誓事祖母如(ru)寅在。其(qi)后侍(shi)萧(xiao)疾,不(bu)脱(tuo)衣者数年(nian),有白燕巢其(qi)楣。后终给(ji)事中、杭(hang)州刺史。
践猷弟季友,历秘书郎(lang),善画。
从父仲容(rong),终冬(dong)官郎中,有(you)重名(ming)。子承业,以谨朴称,历太(tai)子左谕德、右威(wei)卫将军。
族(zu)子(zi)成己,晋(jin)州(zhou)长史。初,母颜叔(shu)父(fu)吏(li)部郎中敬仲(zhong)为酷吏(li)所陷(xian),率二妹(mei)割(ge)耳(er)诉冤,敬仲(zhong)得减死。及成己生(sheng),而左耳(er)缺云。
孔若(ruo)(ruo)思,越州山阴人,陈吏部(bu)尚书(shu)奂四世孙。祖(zu)绍(shao)(shao)安,与兄绍(shao)(shao)新蚤知(zhi)名。陈亡(wang),客居鄠,励志于学。外兄虞世南曰:“本朝沦覆,吾分(fen)湮灭(mie),有弟若(ruo)(ruo)此(ci),知(zhi)不亡(wang)矣。”绍(shao)(shao)安与孙万寿(shou)皆以(yi)文辞称,时谓“孙孔”。隋大业末,为监(jian)察御(yu)史。高祖(zu)讨(tao)贼河东,绍(shao)(shao)安与夏侯端同监(jian)军,礼遇尤密。帝受禅,端先归,拜秘书(shu)监(jian)。已而绍(shao)(shao)安间道(dao)走长(zhang)安,帝悦(yue),擢内史舍(she)人,赐(ci)宅一区、良马二匹(pi)。
若(ruo)思早孤(gu),其(qi)母躬训教,长以博学闻。有遗以褚遂(sui)良书者(zhe),纳一卷焉(yan)。其(qi)人曰(yue):“是书贵(gui)千(qian)金,何(he)取之廉?”答(da)曰(yue):“审尔,此为多(duo)矣(yi)。”更还其(qi)半。擢明经,历库部(bu)郎(lang)(lang)中,常曰(yue):“仕宦(huan)至郎(lang)(lang)中足矣(yi)。”座右置(zhi)止水(shui)一石,明自足意。
中宗(zong)初,敬晖、桓彦范当国(guo),以(yi)若(ruo)思(si)多识古今,凡大政事,必咨质后行。三(san)迁礼部(bu)侍郎,出为卫州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。故事,以(yi)宗(zong)室为州别(bie)驾(jia),见(jian)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),骜放不肯致恭。若(ruo)思(si)劾(he)奏别(bie)驾(jia)李道钦,请讯状(zhuang)。有诏别(bie)驾(jia)见(jian)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)致恭,自若(ruo)思(si)始。以(yi)清白(bai)擢银青(qing)光禄大夫,赐绢百匹,累封梁郡公(gong)。开元七年卒,谥曰惠。
从父祯,第进士(shi),历监察御(yu)史,门无宾(bin)谒,时讥其介。高宗时,再(zai)迁绛州刺(ci)史,封武(wu)昌县子,谥曰温(wen)。
子(zi)季诩(xu),字季和。永昌初(chu),擢制科,授秘书郎。陈子(zi)昂常(chang)称(cheng)其神清(qing)韵远,可比卫玠。终(zhong)左补(bu)阙。
若思子(zi)至,字(zi)惟微(wei)。历著作郎(lang),明氏(shi)族(zu)学,与韦述(shu)(shu)、萧颖士、柳冲(chong)齐名(ming)。撰《百家类例》,以张说等为近世(shi)新族(zu),叕(zhui)刂去之(zhi)。说子(zi)垍方有(you)宠,怒曰(yue):“天下(xia)族(zu)姓,何豫若事,而妄纷(fen)纷(fen)邪?”垍弟素善至,以实告。初,书成(cheng),示韦述(shu)(shu),述(shu)(shu)谓可(ke)传。及闻垍语,惧,欲更增损,述(shu)(shu)曰(yue):“止!丈夫奋笔成(cheng)一家书,奈何因人(ren)动摇?有(you)死不(bu)可(ke)改(gai)。”遂罢(ba)。时述(shu)(shu)及颖士、冲(chong)皆撰《类例》,而至书称(cheng)工(gong)。
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