列(lie)传(chuan)第七十 元王(wang)黎杨严窦
元载,字公辅,凤翔岐山人。父昇,本景氏。曹王明妃元氏赐田在扶风,昇主其租入,有劳,请于妃,冒为元氏。载少孤,既长,嗜学,工属文。天宝初,下诏举明庄、老、列、文四子学者,载策入高第,补新平尉。韦鉴监选黔中,苗晋卿东都留守,皆署判官,浸以名闻。至德初,江都采访使李希言表载自副,擢祠部员外郎、洪州刺史。入为度支郎中,占奏敏给,肃宗异之。累迁户部侍郎,充度支、江淮转运等使。
帝不(bu)豫,李辅国(guo)(guo)用事(shi),辅国(guo)(guo)妻,载宗女也,因相缔昵。会京兆尹缺,辅国(guo)(guo)白用载,载意属国(guo)(guo)柄(bing),固(gu)辞,辅国(guo)(guo)晓(xiao)之,翌(yi)日,拜同中书门下平章事(shi),领(ling)使如故。代(dai)宗立,辅国(guo)(guo)势(shi)愈重,数称其(qi)才,进拜中书侍郎、许(xu)昌(chang)县子。载以度支(zhi)繁浩,有(you)吏事(shi)督责,损威宠,乃(nai)悉天下钱谷(gu)委刘(liu)晏。未几,判天下元帅行军司马。
盗杀李辅国,载(zai)阴与其(qi)(qi)谋(mou)。乃(nai)复(fu)结中(zhong)(zhong)人董秀,厚啖以(yi)(yi)(yi)金,使刺(ci)取(qu)密旨,帝有所属,必先知之,探微揣端(duan),无不谐契,故(gu)帝任不疑(yi)。华(hua)原(yuan)令顾(gu)繇(zhou)上(shang)封(feng)白发其(qi)(qi)私(si),帝方(fang)倚以(yi)(yi)(yi)当国,乃(nai)斥繇(zhou),除名(ming)为(wei)民。鱼朝恩骄(jiao)横震天下(xia),与载(zai)不叶(ye),惮之,虽帝亦衔恚,乃(nai)乘间奏诛朝恩,帝畏(wei)有变(bian),载(zai)结其(qi)(qi)爱(ai)将为(wei)助。朝恩已诛,载(zai)得意甚,益矜肆。时拟奏文武官功状多谬舛,载(zai)虞有司驳正,乃(nai)请(qing)别(bie)敕(chi)授(shou)六品以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)官,吏(li)部(bu)(bu)、兵(bing)部(bu)(bu)即(ji)附甲团奏,不须检勘(kan),欲示权出于己。又与王缙请(qing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)都,裒(pou)关辅河(he)东十州税奉(feng)京师,选兵(bing)五万屯中(zhong)(zhong)都,镇御四方(fang),杪秋行幸,上(shang)春还,可以(yi)(yi)(yi)避羌戎患。载(zai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)议入,即(ji)从,前敕(chi)所由吏(li)于河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)经图宫殿,筑私(si)第(di)。帝闻,恶之,置其(qi)(qi)议。
初,四镇北庭行营(ying)节度(du)使(shi)寄治泾州(zhou),大历八年,吐(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)寇(kou)邠宁(ning),议者(zhe)谓三辅以(yi)西(xi)(xi)无襟带(dai)之固(gu),而(er)泾州(zhou)散地(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)足守。载尝在(zai)西(xi)(xi)州(zhou),具知河西(xi)(xi)、陇(long)右(you)(you)(you)要领,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)言(yan)于帝曰:“国(guo)家西(xi)(xi)境极于潘(pan)原(yuan)(yuan),吐(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)防戍乃(nai)(nai)(nai)在(zai)摧(cui)沙堡,而(er)原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)界(jie)其(qi)间,草荐水甘,旧(jiu)垒存焉,比(bi)(bi)吐(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)毁夷垣(yuan)墉,弃不(bu)(bu)居,其(qi)右(you)(you)(you)则监(jian)牧故地(di)(di),巨堑(qian)长壕(hao),重复深(shen)固(gu)。原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)虽早霜(shuang)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)蓺,而(er)平凉在(zai)其(qi)东(dong),独耕一(yi)县(xian),可(ke)以(yi)足食(shi)。请徙京西(xi)(xi)军戍原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou),乘间筑作(zuo),二旬可(ke)讫,贮粟一(yi)岁。戎人夏牧青海上,羽(yu)(yu)书(shu)比(bi)(bi)至(zhi),则我功集矣(yi)。徙子(zi)仪大军在(zai)泾,以(yi)为(wei)根本,分兵守石(shi)门、木峡(xia),陇(long)山之关(guan),北抵于河,皆连山峻险,寇(kou)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)越。稍置(zhi)鸣沙县(xian)、丰(feng)安(an)军为(wei)之羽(yu)(yu)翼,北带(dai)灵(ling)武(wu)五(wu)城,为(wei)之形(xing)势,然后举陇(long)右(you)(you)(you)之地(di)(di),以(yi)至(zhi)安(an)西(xi)(xi),是(shi)谓断西(xi)(xi)戎胫(jing),朝廷高枕矣(yi)。”因图上地(di)(di)形(xing),使(shi)吏间入原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)度(du)水泉,计(ji)徒(tu)庸(yong),车乘畚闸之器悉具。而(er)田神功沮短其(qi)议,乃(nai)(nai)(nai)曰:“兴师(shi)料敌,老(lao)将所难,陛下信一(yi)书(shu)生言(yan),举国(guo)从之,误矣(yi)。”帝由是(shi)疑(yi)不(bu)(bu)决。
载(zai)(zai)智略(lve)开(kai)果(guo),久得君,以(yi)为文武才略(lve)莫己(ji)若。外委主书卓英(ying)倩、李(li)(li)待荣,内劫妇言,纵诸(zhu)子(zi)关通货贿。京师要司及方面,皆(jie)(jie)挤遣忠良(liang),进贪(tan)猥。凡仕进干请(qing),不(bu)(bu)结子(zi)弟,则(ze)谒主书。城中开(kai)南(nan)北二第(di),室(shi)宇(yu)奢广,当(dang)时为冠。近郊(jiao)作观榭,帐帟什器不(bu)(bu)徙而供(gong)。膏腴(yu)别墅,疆畛相望,且数十(shi)区。名(ming)姝异(yi)伎,虽(sui)禁(jin)中不(bu)(bu)逮。帝尽(jin)得其(qi)状(zhuang)。载(zai)(zai)尝独见,帝深(shen)戒之(zhi),謷然(ran)不(bu)(bu)悛。客有赋《都(dou)卢寻橦篇》讽其(qi)危,载(zai)(zai)泣下而不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)悟。会李(li)(li)少良(liang)上书诋(di)其(qi)丑状(zhuang),载(zai)(zai)怒,奏杀(sha)少良(liang),道路目语,不(bu)(bu)敢复议。载(zai)(zai)由是(shi)非党与不(bu)(bu)复接,生(sheng)平(ping)道义交皆(jie)(jie)谢绝(jue)。
帝积怒,大历十(shi)二年三月庚辰,仗下(xia),帝御(yu)延英殿,遣左金吾大将军(jun)吴凑收(shou)载及王缙,系政事堂,分捕亲吏、诸子(zi)下(xia)狱。诏吏部尚书(shu)刘晏、御(yu)史大夫(fu)(fu)李涵、散(san)骑常侍(shi)萧昕、兵(bing)部侍(shi)郎袁騕、礼部侍(shi)郎常衮、谏议(yi)大夫(fu)(fu)杜亚讯状(zhuang),而责(ze)辨端目皆(jie)出禁中(zhong)。遣中(zhong)使临诘阴事,皆(jie)服。乃下(xia)诏赐(ci)载自尽,妻王及子(zi)扬州(zhou)兵(bing)曹(cao)参军(jun)伯(bo)和(he)、祠部员外郎仲武(wu)、校书(shu)郎季能并赐(ci)死,发其(qi)祖、父冢(zhong),棺弃(qi)尸,毁(hui)私庙主及大宁、安仁里二第,以赐(ci)百(bai)官署舍,破东(dong)都第助治禁苑。
王氏(shi),河西(xi)节(jie)度使忠嗣女,悍骄戾沓,载(zai)叵禁(jin)。而诸(zhu)子牟贼,聚(ju)敛无(wu)涯艺(yi),轻浮者奔走。争(zheng)蓄妓妾,为倡优亵戏,亲(qin)(qin)族环观不愧(kui)也(ye)。及死,行路无(wu)嗟(jie)隐(yin)者。籍(ji)其家,钟乳(ru)五百(bai)(bai)两,诏(zhao)分赐中书、门下(xia)台省官,胡椒至八百(bai)(bai)石,它物称是。女真(zhen)一,少为尼,没入掖(ye)庭。德宗时(shi),始告以载(zai)死,号踊投地,左右呵止,帝曰:“安(an)有闻亲(qin)(qin)丧责其哀(ai)殒乎?”命扶(fu)出。
帝为太(tai)子(zi)也,实(shi)用载议。兴元元年,诏复其官,听改(gai)葬(zang)。故吏许初、杨(yang)晈、纪慆等(deng)(deng)合(he)赀以葬(zang),谥曰荒,后改(gai)曰成纵。载败,董秀、卓英(ying)倩、李(li)待荣(rong)、术者李(li)季连(lian)悉论死。其它与载厚(hou)善坐贬者,若杨(yang)炎、王(wang)(wang)昂、宋晦、韩(han)洄、王(wang)(wang)定、包佶、徐縯、裴冀(ji)、王(wang)(wang)纪、韩(han)会等(deng)(deng)凡数十百人。
英倩弟英璘(lin),家金州,州人缘(yuan)以(yi)授官者(zhe)亦百(bai)馀,豪(hao)制乡曲,聚无(wu)赖少(shao)年(nian)以(yi)伺变,恃(shi)载权,牧宰(zai)莫敢问。载诛,英璘(lin)盗(dao)库兵(bing)(bing)据(ju)险(xian)以(yi)叛。诏发禁兵(bing)(bing)及山南(nan)西道兵(bing)(bing)二(er)千讨(tao)捕,刺史孙道平(ping)禽杀之。诏给复(fu)其州三年(nian)。
李少良(liang)者(zhe),以(yi)吏治由诸(zhu)(zhu)帅府迁(qian)累(lei)殿中(zhong)侍御史(shi)。罢,游京(jing)(jing)师,不(bu)见(jian)调,愤载不(bu)法,疏论(lun)其恶,帝留少良(liang)客省,欲(yu)究其事。其友韦颂(song)者(zhe)候之(zhi),漏言(yan)(yan)于陆珽(ting)(ting)。载召珽(ting)(ting)问知之(zhi),乃奏下少良(liang)御史(shi)台,劾其漏禁中(zhong)语,并与(yu)颂(song)、珽(ting)(ting)论(lun)杀之(zhi)。珽(ting)(ting),善(shan)经子,与(yu)颂(song)及少良(liang)善(shan),又狎载子弟亲党,故载廉(lian)得其谋。初,载盛时(shi),人皆疾厌之(zhi)。大历八年,有(you)晋州男子郇谟(mo)以(yi)麻总发,持(chi)竹笥(si)、苇席(xi),行哭长安东市,人问之(zhi),曰:“我(wo)有(you)字三(san)十,欲(yu)以(yi)献上,字言(yan)(yan)一事,即不(bu)中(zhong),以(yi)笥(si)贮尸,席(xi)裹(guo)而(er)弃之(zhi)。”京(jing)(jing)兆以(yi)闻,帝召见(jian),赐以(yi)衣(yi),馆内客省,问状(zhuang),多讥切(qie)载。其言(yan)(yan)“团(tuan)(tuan)”者(zhe),愿(yuan)罢诸(zhu)(zhu)州团(tuan)(tuan)练(lian)使(shi),其言(yan)(yan)“监”者(zhe),请罢诸(zhu)(zhu)道监军,大抵(di)类(lei)此。先是,天(tian)下兵兴,凡要州权署团(tuan)(tuan)练(lian)、刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)。载用事,授(shou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)者(zhe)悉带团(tuan)(tuan)练(lian)以(yi)悦(yue)人心(xin),故谟(mo)指而(er)刺(ci)(ci)云(yun)。
王缙(jin),字(zi)夏卿,本太(tai)原(yuan)祁人,后(hou)客(ke)河中。少(shao)好学,与兄维俱以(yi)名闻。举草(cao)泽、文(wen)辞清丽科(ke)上(shang)第,历侍(shi)(shi)(shi)御史、武部(bu)员外郎。禄山(shan)乱,擢太(tai)原(yuan)少(shao)尹,佐李(li)光(guang)弼(bi),以(yi)功(gong)加宪部(bu)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎,迁兵部(bu)。史朝义平,诏宣慰(wei)河北,使(shi)还有指(zhi),俄拜(bai)(bai)黄门(men)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)郎、同中书门(men)下(xia)平章(zhang)事(shi)(shi)。进(jin)侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中,持节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)都统河南(nan)(nan)、淮西、山(shan)南(nan)(nan)东(dong)道诸节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)度行营(ying)(ying)事(shi)(shi)。辞侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中,加东(dong)都留(liu)守。岁馀,拜(bai)(bai)河南(nan)(nan)副(fu)元(yuan)帅,损军(jun)资钱四十万缗,营(ying)(ying)完宫室。硃希彩(cai)杀李(li)怀(huai)仙也,诏拜(bai)(bai)卢龙节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)度使(shi),至(zhi)幽(you)州,委军(jun)于希彩(cai)乃还。会辛云京卒,兼领河东(dong)节(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)度,让(rang)还河南(nan)(nan)副(fu)元(yuan)帅、东(dong)都留(liu)守。太(tai)原(yuan)将(jiang)王无纵、张(zhang)奉璋恃(shi)功(gong),以(yi)缙(jin)儒者(zhe)易之,不如律令,缙(jin)斩以(yi)徇,诸将(jiang)股栗(li)。再(zai)岁还,以(yi)本官复知政事(shi)(shi)。时(shi)元(yuan)载专朝,天子拱手,缙(jin)曲意附离,无敢忤。又恃(shi)才多所狎侮,虽(sui)载亦疾(ji)其凌(ling)靳(jin)也。京兆尹黎干数论(lun)执(zhi),载恶(e)之,缙(jin)折干曰(yue):“尹,南(nan)(nan)方孤(gu)生(sheng),安晓朝廷事(shi)(shi)?”
缙素奉(feng)佛,不(bu)茹荤(hun)食(shi)肉,晚节(jie)(jie)(jie)尤谨。妻死(si),以(yi)(yi)道政里第为(wei)佛祠(ci),诸道节(jie)(jie)(jie)度(du)、观察使来朝(chao),必邀至(zhi)其所(suo),讽令(ling)出财佐营作。初(chu),代(dai)宗喜(xi)祠(ci)祀,而(er)未重浮(fu)屠法(fa),每从容问(wen)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)然,缙与元(yuan)载(zai)盛陈福业报(bao)应,帝意(yi)向之。繇(zhou)是(shi)禁中祀佛,讽呗斋薰,号“内(nei)道场(chang)”,引内(nei)沙门(men)日(ri)百(bai)馀(yu),馔供珍滋,出入乘厩马(ma),度(du)支具(ju)禀给。或夷狄入寇(kou),必合(he)众沙门(men)诵《护(hu)国(guo)仁王(wang)经》为(wei)禳厌(yan),幸其去,则横加锡与,不(bu)知纪极。胡人官至(zhi)卿监(jian)、封国(guo)公(gong)者(zhe),著籍禁省(sheng),势(shi)倾公(gong)王(wang),群居赖宠,更相凌夺,凡京畿上田美产,多归浮(fu)屠。虽藏奸(jian)宿乱(luan)踵相逮(dai),而(er)帝终不(bu)悟,诏天下官司不(bu)得棰辱僧尼。初(chu),五台(tai)山祠(ci)铸铜为(wei)瓦,金(jin)涂之,费亿(yi)万计。缙给中书符,遣浮(fu)屠数十辈行州县,敛丐赀(zi)货。缙为(wei)上言(yan):“国(guo)家庆(qing)祚灵长,福报(bao)所(suo)冯,虽时多难,无足道者(zhe)。禄(lu)山、思明毒乱(luan)方煽,而(er)皆(jie)有子祸,仆固(gu)怀恩(en)临乱(luan)而(er)踣,西戎内(nei)寇(kou),未及击辄(zhe)去,非人事(shi)也。”故(gu)帝信愈笃。七(qi)月望日(ri),宫中造盂兰盆,缀饰镠饮(yin)琲,设高祖以(yi)(yi)下七(qi)圣位(wei),幡节(jie)(jie)(jie)、衣冠皆(jie)具(ju),各(ge)以(yi)(yi)帝号识(shi)其幡,自禁内(nei)分诣道佛祠(ci),铙吹鼓舞,奔(ben)走相属。是(shi)日(ri)立仗,百(bai)官班光顺门(men),奉(feng)迎导从,岁以(yi)(yi)为(wei)常。群臣(chen)承风(feng),皆(jie)言(yan)生死(si)报(bao)应,故(gu)人事(shi)置而(er)不(bu)脩,大历政刑,日(ri)以(yi)(yi)堙陵(ling),由缙与元(yuan)载(zai)、杜鸿渐倡之也。
性贪冒,纵亲(qin)戚尼姏招纳(na)财贿,猥屑相稽,若市贾然。及(ji)败(bai),刘晏(yan)等鞫其(qi)(qi)罪,同(tong)载论死(si),晏(yan)曰:“重刑再(zai)覆,有国常典(dian),况大(da)臣乎(hu)!法有首从,不容俱死(si)。”于是以闻,上悯其(qi)(qi)耄,不加刑,乃贬括州(zhou)刺(ci)史。久之(zhi),迁(qian)太(tai)子宾客,分司东都。建中二年(nian)死(si),年(nian)八(ba)十二。
黎干(gan),戎(rong)州人(ren)。善星纬术,得待(dai)诏翰林(lin),擢累谏议大夫(fu),封寿春公。自负其辩,沾沾喜议论。初(chu),唐家郊(jiao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)地,以(yi)(yi)(yi)高祖神尧皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)。宝应元年(nian),杜鸿渐为(wei)(wei)太常(chang)卿(qing)、礼(li)仪(yi)使,于是礼(li)仪(yi)判官薛颀(qi)、集贤(xian)校(xiao)理(li)归崇敬(jing)等(deng)共建:“神尧独(du)受(shou)命之主,非始封君(jun),不得冒太祖配(pei)天(tian)地。景皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)受(shou)封于唐,即商之契、周(zhou)之后稷,请奉(feng)景皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)天(tian)地,于礼(li)宜甚。”干(gan)非之,乃(nai)上《十诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)》、《十难》,傅经谊(yi),抵郑(zheng)玄,以(yi)(yi)(yi)折颀(qi)、崇敬(jing)等(deng),曰:“颀(qi)等(deng)引(yin)禘(di)者至日(ri)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)于圆(yuan)丘,周(zhou)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)远祖配(pei),今宜以(yi)(yi)(yi)景皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)始祖,配(pei)昊天(tian)圆(yuan)丘。臣干(gan)一诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《国语》称有虞氏、夏后氏并(bing)禘(di)黄帝(di)(di)(di),商禘(di)舜,周(zhou)禘(di)喾。二诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《商颂(song)‘《长发》,大禘(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)’。三诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《周(zhou)颂(song)》‘《雍》,禘(di)太祖也(ye)(ye)(ye)’。四诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)法》,虞、夏并(bing)禘(di)黄帝(di)(di)(di),商、周(zhou)俱禘(di)喾。五(wu)(wu)诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《大传(chuan)》‘不王(wang)不禘(di),王(wang)者禘(di)其祖之所自出,以(yi)(yi)(yi)其祖配(pei)之’。六诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《尔雅》‘禘(di),大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)’。七诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):《家语》‘凡四代帝(di)(di)(di)王(wang)所郊(jiao),皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)配(pei)天(tian);所谓禘(di),五(wu)(wu)年(nian)大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)’。八诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):卢植以(yi)(yi)(yi)‘禘(di),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)名。禘(di),谛也(ye)(ye)(ye),事取明谛,故云’。九诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):王(wang)肃言‘禘(di),五(wu)(wu)年(nian)大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)’。十诘(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie):郭璞亦云。此(ci)经传(chuan)先儒皆(jie)不言祭(ji)(ji)(ji)昊天(tian)于圆(yuan)丘,根证章章,故臣谓禘(di)止五(wu)(wu)年(nian)宗庙大祭(ji)(ji)(ji),了无疑(yi)晦。”
其《十(shi)难》,一曰:“《周颂(song)》《雍》之(zhi)序曰:‘禘(di)(di),祭(ji)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖也。’郑玄说‘禘(di)(di),大(da)(da)祭(ji)也。太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖,谓文(wen)王也’。《商颂(song)》‘《长(zhang)发》,大(da)(da)禘(di)(di)也’玄曰;‘大(da)(da)禘(di)(di),祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也。’商、周两《颂(song)》,同文(wen)异解,索玄之(zhi)意,以禘(di)(di)加‘大(da)(da)’,因(yin)曰‘祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)’。臣谓《春秋》‘大(da)(da)事(shi)于太(tai)(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)’,虽曰‘大(da)(da)’,得祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)乎?虞、夏、商、周禘(di)(di)黄帝(di)与(yu)喾,《礼》‘不(bu)王不(bu)禘(di)(di)’,皆(jie)不(bu)言‘大(da)(da)’,玄安得称祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)乎?《长(zhang)发》所颂(song),不(bu)及喾与(yu)感生帝(di),故知不(bu)为(wei)祭(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)侑喾明矣。商、周五帝(di)大(da)(da)祭(ji)见于经者甚(shen)详,而禘(di)(di)主(zhu)庙(miao)(miao),不(bu)主(zhu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。今背孔(kong)子之(zhi)训言,取玄之(zhi)偏谊,诬(wu)缪祀典(dian),不(bu)见其可。”
二曰(yue)(yue):“‘不(bu)(bu)王不(bu)(bu)禘(di)(di),王者(zhe)禘(di)(di)其(qi)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)所自出,以(yi)其(qi)祖(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)’。此言惟天(tian)子当禘(di)(di)。如(ru)虞、夏出黄帝(di),商、周(zhou)出喾,以(yi)近祖(zu)配(pei)(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)。自出之(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)无庙,及自外(wai)至。自外(wai)至者(zhe),同之(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)地,得(de)主(zhu)而止。又自出者(zhe)在(zai)母亦然。《春秋(qiu)传》‘陈,则(ze)我周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)自出’。讵可谓出太微(wei)五帝(di)乎?玄以(yi)一‘禘(di)(di)’为三谊(yi),在(zai)《祭(ji)法》则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)‘祭(ji)昊(hao)天(tian)于(yu)(yu)圆丘(qiu)’。在(zai)《春秋(qiu)传》则(ze)‘郊以(yi)后稷配(pei)(pei)灵(ling)威仰’。在(zai)《商颂(song)》曰(yue)(yue)‘祭(ji)天(tian)’。在(zai)《周(zhou)颂(song)》则(ze)禘(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)‘大于(yu)(yu)四时祭(ji),而小于(yu)(yu)祫(xia)’。本末驳舛(chuan),臆判(pan)自私,不(bu)(bu)足以(yi)训。”
三曰:“商、周之前,禘所自出。自汉、魏以来,旷千馀岁,其礼(li)不(bu)(bu)讲(jiang)。盖玄所说不(bu)(bu)当于(yu)经(jing),不(bu)(bu)质(zhi)于(yu)圣,先儒置之不(bu)(bu)用,是为弃言。”
四曰(yue):“今礼家(jia)行于(yu)世者(zhe),皆本玄(xuan)学。臣(chen)请取玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隙,还破颀(qi)等所建。颀(qi)等曰(yue):‘景皇帝为(wei)始(shi)祖,以(yi)配天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。’按《王制》‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)七(qi)(qi)庙’。玄(xuan)曰(yue):‘周礼也。太祖与文、武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祧,合亲庙四而(er)七(qi)(qi)。商氏六庙,契(qi)与汤合二昭(zhao)二穆而(er)六。’据(ju)玄(xuan),则(ze)夏(xia)不以(yi)鮌、颛顼、昌意为(wei)始(shi)祖,是又与玄(xuan)乖背。自古未有(you)以(yi)人(ren)臣(chen)为(wei)始(shi)祖者(zhe),唯商以(yi)契(qi),周以(yi)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)。夫稷(ji)(ji)(ji)、契(qi)皆天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)元妃(fei)子(zi)。简狄吞(tun)玄(xuan)鸟卵而(er)生契(qi),契(qi)佐禹有(you)大功(gong),舜(shun)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)商,其《诗》曰(yue):‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)玄(xuan)鸟,降而(er)生商,宅殷土芒(mang)芒(mang)。’后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)母曰(yue)姜嫄,出(chu)野履巨(ju)迹而(er)生稷(ji)(ji)(ji),稷(ji)(ji)(ji)勤(qin)稼穑(se),尧举为(wei)农师(shi),舜(shun)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邰(tai),号曰(yue)后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)。其诗曰(yue):‘履帝武(wu)敏歆,攸介攸止。’‘即有(you)邰(tai)家(jia)室。’舜(shun)、禹有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下,契(qi)、稷(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)焉。《传》曰(yue):‘功(gong)施(shi)于(yu)人(ren)则(ze)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)死勤(qin)事则(ze)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’契(qi)为(wei)司徒(tu),而(er)人(ren)辑睦,稷(ji)(ji)(ji)勤(qin)百谷而(er)山死,皆在(zai)祀(si)典。及子(zi)孙(sun)而(er)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下,故尊而(er)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
五曰:“既用玄说(shuo),小德配(pei)(pei)寡,而后稷止(zhi)配(pei)(pei)一帝,不(bu)得全(quan)配(pei)(pei)五帝。今(jin)以景帝配(pei)(pei)昊天,于玄为(wei)可为(wei)不(bu)可乎?”
六曰(yue):“众诘臣(chen)(chen)曰(yue):‘上(shang)(shang)帝(di)一帝(di),《周(zhou)官》:祀(si)天(tian)旅上(shang)(shang)帝(di),祀(si)地(di)旅四(si)望。旅,众也。则上(shang)(shang)帝(di)是五帝(di)。’臣(chen)(chen)曰(yue):‘否,旅有众义,出于《尔雅》。又(you)为(wei)祭(ji)名,亦曰(yue)陈也。如(ru)前(qian)所诘,旅上(shang)(shang)帝(di)为(wei)五帝(di),则季氏旅于泰(tai)山(shan)可得为(wei)四(si)镇邪?’”
七曰:“援玄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,则(ze)(ze)景(jing)帝(di)(di)(di)亲尽,主应在祧,反配(pei)天(tian)地(di),礼(li)不相值。夫所谓(wei)始祖(zu)(zu)者(zhe),经纶草昧,功(gong)普体大(da),以(yi)比元气含覆广(guang)大(da)者(zhe)也(ye)。故曰万物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,天(tian)也(ye);人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,祖(zu)(zu)也(ye);日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,至也(ye)。扫(sao)地(di)而祭,则(ze)(ze)质;器用陶匏,则(ze)(ze)性;牲用犊,则(ze)(ze)诚;兆于(yu)南郊(jiao),则(ze)(ze)就(jiu)阳。至尊至质,不敢同于(yu)先祖(zu)(zu)也(ye)。”《白虎(hu)通议(yi)》曰:‘祭天(tian)岁一者(zhe)何?事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不敢黩(du)也(ye)。’故因(yin)岁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳气始达而祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今一岁四(si)祭,黩(du)莫大(da)焉(yan)。上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)五帝(di)(di)(di),祀阙不举(ju),怠孰甚焉(yan)?黩(du)与怠,皆失也(ye)。臣(chen)闻亲有限,祖(zu)(zu)有常,圣人(ren)制礼(li)不以(yi)情变。唐家累圣,历祀百年,非不知景(jing)帝(di)(di)(di)为(wei)始封。当时通儒钜工尊高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)以(yi)配(pei)天(tian),宗太宗以(yi)配(pei)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),人(ren)神克(ke)厌,为(wei)日既久。乃(nai)今以(yi)神尧降侑(you)含枢(shu)纽,而太宗仍配(pei)上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),则(ze)(ze)枢(shu)纽上(shang)(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)佐(zuo)也(ye)。以(yi)子(zi)先父,非天(tian)地(di)祖(zu)(zu)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。”
八曰(yue):“景皇(huang)帝(di)非造我区夏(xia),不(bu)得与夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)禹(yu)、商之(zhi)(zhi)契、周之(zhi)(zhi)稷、汉高帝(di)、魏武帝(di)、晋宣帝(di)、唐神尧皇(huang)帝(di)并功,则陟配圜丘,上与天匹,曾谓圜丘不(bu)如(ru)林放乎?”
九曰:“魏以(yi)(yi)武帝(di)、晋以(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)帝(di)为始祖者(zhe),夫操(cao)与懿皆人杰也。拥(yong)天(tian)下强兵,挟(xie)弱主(zhu),制(zhi)海内(nei)之(zhi)命,名(ming)虽(sui)为臣(chen),势实为君,后世因之(zhi)以(yi)(yi)成帝(di)业(ye),尊而(er)祖之(zhi),不亦可乎?”
十曰:“神尧拯(zheng)隋室之(zhi)乱(luan),振臂大呼(hu),济人(ren)涂炭,汛扫荡攘,群(qun)凶无馀,出入不(bu)(bu)(bu)数年(nian)而成王业,汉(han)祖之(zhi)功不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)加焉(yan)。夏(xia)以(yi)禹,汉(han)以(yi)高帝(di),我以(yi)神尧为始(shi)祖,订夏(xia)法汉(han),于义何(he)嫌?今颀、崇(chong)敬革天对,易祖庙(miao),事之(zhi)大者不(bu)(bu)(bu)稽于古(gu),难(nan)以(yi)疑文僻说定之(zhi)。臣官(guan)以(yi)谏为名,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽愚。”
议闻,代宗(zong)不韪其言。其后名儒大议,而(er)景帝配天卒著(zhu)于礼。
俄迁京兆尹,颇以治称。京师苦樵薪乏,干度(du)开漕渠(qu),兴(xing)南山(shan)谷(gu)口(kou),尾入于苑,以便运载。帝为(wei)御安福门观(guan)之。干密(mi)具同(tong)船作倡优(you)水嬉(xi),冀以媚帝。久之,渠(qu)不就。俄改(gai)刑部侍郎(lang)。鱼朝(chao)恩败,坐交通,出为(wei)桂管观(guan)察(cha)使(shi)。大历八年,复召(zhao)为(wei)京兆尹。时(shi)大旱,干造土龙(long),自(zi)与巫(wu)觋(xi)对舞,弥(mi)月不应。又祷孔子庙,帝笑(xiao)曰:“丘之祷久矣。”使(shi)毁(hui)土龙(long),帝减膳(shan)节用,既(ji)而霪雨。十(shi)三年,泾水拥隔,请开郑、白(bai)支渠(qu),复秦(qin)、汉故道以溉民(min)田,废碾硙八十(shi)馀所。
干(gan)性贪暴,既复用,不暇念(nian)治,专徇财色,附会嬖(bi)近(jin),挟左道希主恩,帝甚惑之。德宗(zong)在东宫,干(gan)与(yu)宦者特进(jin)刘忠翼阴(yin)谋,几危(wei)宗(zong)嗣。及即位(wei),又诡道希进(jin),密乘车谒(ye)忠翼。事觉(jue),除名(ming)长流,既行,市人数(shu)百群噪投砾从之,俄赐死(si)蓝(lan)田(tian)驿。
忠翼本名清潭,与左卫将军董(dong)秀皆有宠于(yu)代宗。当(dang)盛时(shi),爵赏在其口吻(wen),掊冒财贿,赀(zi)产累皆巨万(wan)。至(zhi)是,积前罪,并(bing)及(ji)诛。
杨(yang)炎(yan),字公南,凤翔天兴人(ren)。曾祖大(da)宝,武德初(chu)为(wei)(wei)龙门令(ling),刘(liu)武周(zhou)攻之(zhi),死于(yu)守,赠全(quan)节(jie)侯。祖哲,以(yi)孝行称。父(fu)播,举(ju)进士,退居(ju)求(qiu)志,玄宗召(zhao)拜谏议大(da)夫(fu),弃(qi)官(guan)归养。肃宗时,即(ji)家(jia)拜散骑常侍,号玄靖先生。炎(yan)美须眉,峻风宇,文藻雄蔚,然豪爽尚气。河西节(jie)度(du)使吕崇贲(bi)辟掌书(shu)记(ji)。神(shen)乌(wu)令(ling)李太(tai)简尝醉辱之(zhi),炎(yan)令(ling)左右反(fan)接,搒二(er)百馀(yu),几(ji)死,崇贲(bi)爱(ai)其才,不(bu)问。李光弼(bi)表(biao)为(wei)(wei)判官(guan),不(bu)应。召(zhao)拜起居(ju)舍人(ren),固辞。父(fu)丧,庐墓(mu)侧,号慕(mu)不(bu)废声,有(you)紫芝白雀之(zhi)祥,诏(zhao)表(biao)其闾。炎(yan)三世以(yi)孝行闻,至门树六阙,古所未有(you)。终丧,为(wei)(wei)司(si)勋员外(wai)郎,迁中(zhong)书(shu)舍人(ren),与(yu)常衮同(tong)时知制诰(gao)。衮长于(yu)除(chu)书(shu),而炎(yan)善德音,自开元后(hou)言制诏(zhao)者,称“常杨(yang)”云。宰相元载(zai)与(yu)炎(yan)同(tong)郡,炎(yan)又元出(chu)也,故擢炎(yan)吏部(bu)侍郎、史馆脩撰。载(zai)当国,阴择才可代己者,引以(yi)自近,初(chu)得礼部(bu)侍郎刘(liu)单,会卒,复取吏部(bu)侍郎薛邕,邕坐(zuo)事贬,后(hou)得炎(yan),亲重无比。会载(zai)败(bai),坐(zuo)贬道州司(si)马。
德宗在东宫,雅知(zhi)其名(ming),又尝(chang)得(de)炎(yan)(yan)所为(wei)《李楷洛碑》,寘于壁,日讽玩之。及(ji)即位(wei),崔祐甫荐炎(yan)(yan)可器任,即拜门(men)下侍郎、同中书门(men)下平章事。
旧制(zhi),天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)财赋皆入(ru)左藏库,而(er)太府四(si)时(shi)以(yi)(yi)数(shu)闻,尚(shang)书比部覆出纳(na),举无(wu)(wu)干欺。及第五琦(qi)(qi)为(wei)度(du)支、盐铁使,京(jing)师豪将求取无(wu)(wu)节,琦(qi)(qi)不能禁,乃悉租赋进大(da)盈内库。天(tian)(tian)子以(yi)(yi)给取为(wei)便,故不复出。自是天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)公赋为(wei)人(ren)君(jun)私藏,有司(si)不得(de)计(ji)赢少。而(er)宦官以(yi)(yi)冗名(ming)持(chi)簿者三百(bai)人(ren),奉给其间,根(gen)柢连结不可(ke)(ke)动。及炎为(wei)相,言于帝曰:“财赋者,邦(bang)国大(da)本,而(er)生人(ren)之(zhi)喉(hou)命,天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)治乱重轻系(xi)焉。先(xian)朝(chao)权制(zhi),以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)领其职,五尺宦竖,操邦(bang)之(zhi)柄(bing),丰俭盈虚,虽大(da)臣不得(de)知,则无(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)计(ji)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)利害。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)至(zhi)德(de),惟人(ren)是恤(xu),参(can)计(ji)敝(bi)蠹(du),莫(mo)与(yu)斯甚(shen)。臣请出之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)归(gui)有司(si)。度(du)宫中(zhong)(zhong)经(jing)费一岁几(ji)何,量数(shu)奉入(ru),不敢以(yi)(yi)阙。如此,然后可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)议政(zheng),惟陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)审察。”帝从之(zhi)。乃诏(zhao)岁中(zhong)(zhong)裁取以(yi)(yi)入(ru)大(da)盈,度(du)支具数(shu)先(xian)闻。
初,定令有(you)(you)租(zu)赋(fu)庸(yong)(yong)调法(fa),自(zi)(zi)开(kai)元承平久,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)版(ban)籍(ji)(ji),法(fa)度(du)(du)玩敝。而(er)丁(ding)口转死,田(tian)亩换易,贫(pin)富(fu)升降,悉非向时,而(er)户(hu)(hu)(hu)部岁(sui)以(yi)(yi)空文上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又戍边(bian)者(zhe)(zhe),蠲其(qi)(qi)(qi)租(zu)、庸(yong)(yong),六岁(sui)免归(gui)。玄(xuan)宗事夷狄,戍者(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)死,边(bian)将(jiang)讳不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)闻(wen),故贯(guan)籍(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)除。天(tian)宝中(zhong),王钅共为(wei)(wei)户(hu)(hu)(hu)口使,方(fang)务(wu)聚敛(lian),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)籍(ji)(ji)存(cun)而(er)丁(ding)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai),是(shi)隐(yin)课不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu),乃按旧(jiu)籍(ji)(ji),除当免者(zhe)(zhe),积(ji)三十(shi)年(nian),责其(qi)(qi)(qi)租(zu)、庸(yong)(yong),人(ren)(ren)苦无告,故法(fa)遂(sui)大敝。至德后(hou),天(tian)下兵起(qi),因(yin)以(yi)(yi)饥(ji)疠,百(bai)役并作,人(ren)(ren)户(hu)(hu)(hu)凋耗,版(ban)图空虚(xu)。军国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用,仰给(ji)于(yu)(yu)度(du)(du)支、转运使;四(si)方(fang)征镇,又自(zi)(zi)给(ji)于(yu)(yu)节度(du)(du)、都(dou)团练使。赋(fu)敛(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)司数(shu)(shu)四(si),莫相统(tong)摄,纲目大坏。朝(chao)(chao)廷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能覆诸(zhu)使,诸(zhu)使不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能覆诸(zhu)州。四(si)方(fang)贡献(xian),悉入内库,权臣巧吏(li),因(yin)得旁(pang)缘,公托进(jin)献(xian),私(si)为(wei)(wei)赃盗者(zhe)(zhe),动万万计。河南(nan)、山东、荆襄、剑(jian)南(nan)重(zhong)兵处,皆厚自(zi)(zi)奉养,王赋(fu)所(suo)入无几。科(ke)敛(lian)凡(fan)数(shu)(shu)百(bai)名(ming),废者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)削,重(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去,新(xin)旧(jiu)仍积(ji),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)涯。百(bai)姓竭膏血,鬻(yu)亲爱,旬输(shu)月送,无有(you)(you)休息。吏(li)因(yin)其(qi)(qi)(qi)苛,蚕食于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)。富(fu)人(ren)(ren)多(duo)丁(ding)者(zhe)(zhe),以(yi)(yi)宦(huan)、学(xue)、释(shi)、老得免,贫(pin)人(ren)(ren)无所(suo)入则丁(ding)存(cun)。故课免于(yu)(yu)上(shang),而(er)赋(fu)增(zeng)于(yu)(yu)下。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)下残瘁,荡为(wei)(wei)浮人(ren)(ren),乡(xiang)居地著(zhu)者(zhe)(zhe)百(bai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)四(si)五。炎疾其(qi)(qi)(qi)敝,乃请(qing)为(wei)(wei)“两(liang)税(shui)法(fa)”以(yi)(yi)一(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)制。凡(fan)百(bai)役之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费,一(yi)钱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敛(lian),先度(du)(du)其(qi)(qi)(qi)数(shu)(shu)而(er)赋(fu)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren),量出(chu)制入。户(hu)(hu)(hu)无主客(ke),以(yi)(yi)见居为(wei)(wei)簿;人(ren)(ren)无丁(ding)中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)贫(pin)富(fu)为(wei)(wei)差。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)居处而(er)行商(shang)者(zhe)(zhe),在(zai)所(suo)州县(xian)税(shui)三十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),度(du)(du)所(suo)取与居者(zhe)(zhe)均,使无侥利。居人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui),秋(qiu)(qiu)夏(xia)两(liang)入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),俗有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)便者(zhe)(zhe)三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)租(zu)、庸(yong)(yong)、杂徭悉省,而(er)丁(ding)额不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)废。其(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)亩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui),率以(yi)(yi)大历十(shi)四(si)年(nian)垦(ken)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)(shu)为(wei)(wei)准,而(er)均收(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夏(xia)税(shui)尽(jin)(jin)六月,秋(qiu)(qiu)税(shui)尽(jin)(jin)十(shi)一(yi)月,岁(sui)终以(yi)(yi)户(hu)(hu)(hu)赋(fu)增(zeng)失(shi)进(jin)退长吏(li),而(er)尚书度(du)(du)支总(zong)焉。帝(di)善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使谕中(zhong)外。议者(zhe)(zhe)沮诘,以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)租(zu)庸(yong)(yong)令行数(shu)(shu)百(bai)年(nian),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可轻改。帝(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)听。天(tian)下果利之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。自(zi)(zi)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)土断而(er)地著(zhu),赋(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)加敛(lian)而(er)增(zeng)入,版(ban)籍(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)造而(er)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)虚(xu)实,吏(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)诫而(er)奸无所(suo)取,轻重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权始(shi)归(gui)朝(chao)(chao)廷矣。
炎兴岭表,以单议悟天(tian)子(zi),中(zhong)外翕然(ran)属(shu)望为(wei)贤相。居数月,崔祐甫(fu)疾(ji),不(bu)能(neng)事(shi),乔(qiao)琳免,炎独(du)当(dang)国,遂多(duo)变(bian)祐甫(fu)之(zhi)政,减薄护元陵功优,人始不(bu)悦(yue)。又请开丰州陵阳(yang)渠,发畿(ji)县民(min)役(yi)作,闾(lv)里(li)骚(sao)然(ran),渠卒(zu)不(bu)就。
素(su)德(de)元载,思有以报(bao)(bao)之(zhi),于(yu)是复议城原(yuan)州,节(jie)度使(shi)(shi)段秀实(shi)谓“安边却敌,宜以缓计,方(fang)农(nong)事,不可遽兴功。”炎怒,追秀实(shi)为(wei)司农(nong)卿,以邠宁(ning)李怀(huai)光督作,遣硃(zhu)泚(ci)(ci)、崔(cui)宁(ning)统兵(bing)各(ge)万人(ren)翼(yi)之(zhi)。诏(zhao)(zhao)书下(xia),泾军恚曰:“吾军为(wei)国西屏(ping)十馀年。始自(zi)邠土,农(nong)桑地著之(zhi)安,徙此榛莽中,手披足践,既立(li)城垒,则又投之(zhi)塞外,且安寘此乎?”又怀(huai)光持法(fa)严,举军畏(wei)之(zhi)。裨将(jiang)刘(liu)文喜(xi)因人(ren)之(zhi)怨,乃(nai)上疏求秀实(shi)、硃(zhu)泚(ci)(ci)为(wei)使(shi)(shi)。诏(zhao)(zhao)以泚(ci)(ci)代怀(huai)光,文喜(xi)不奉诏(zhao)(zhao),闭(bi)城拒守,质其(qi)子(zi)吐蕃以求援(yuan)。时方(fang)炀(yang)旱,人(ren)情骚携,群臣皆(jie)请赦(she)文喜(xi),帝(di)(di)不听。诏(zhao)(zhao)减(jian)服御(yu)给军,且趣师泾州,士(shi)当受春服者皆(jie)即赐。命泚(ci)(ci)、怀(huai)光率军攻之(zhi),垒环其(qi)州。别将(jiang)刘(liu)海宾斩(zhan)文喜(xi),献其(qi)首(shou),泾州平(ping),而(er)原(yuan)卒不能城。又以刘(liu)晏(yan)劾载,已(yi)坐贬,乃(nai)出晏(yan)忠(zhong)州,用庾准为(wei)荆南节(jie)度使(shi)(shi),诬晏(yan)杀之(zhi),朝野侧目(mu)。李正(zheng)己(ji)表(biao)请晏(yan)罪(zui),炎惧,乃(nai)遣腹心分走(zou)诸道(dao):裴冀使(shi)(shi)东(dong)都、河(he)(he)阳、魏博,孙成使(shi)(shi)泽潞、礠邢、幽州,卢(lu)东(dong)美使(shi)(shi)河(he)(he)南、淄(zi)青,李舟使(shi)(shi)山南、湖南,王定(ding)使(shi)(shi)淮西。声言宣慰(wei),而(er)实(shi)自(zi)辩解,言“晏(yan)往(wang)尝傅会奸(jian)邪(xie),谋(mou)立(li)独(du)孤(gu)妃为(wei)后,帝(di)(di)自(zi)恶(e)之(zhi),非(fei)它过也(ye)”。帝(di)(di)闻,使(shi)(shi)中人(ren)复其(qi)言于(yu)正(zheng)己(ji),还报(bao)(bao)信然,于(yu)是帝(di)(di)意衔之(zhi),未发也(ye)。
会卢杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)门下(xia)侍郎同中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)门下(xia)平章事,进炎(yan)(yan)中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)侍郎,同秉(bing)政(zheng)。杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无术学,貌么陋,炎(yan)(yan)薄(bo)之(zhi)(zhi),托疾不(bu)与(yu)会食(shi),杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)阴为憾。旧制,中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)舍人分押(ya)尚书(shu)(shu)六曹,以(yi)(yi)平奏报。开元(yuan)初,废其(qi)职。杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)请(qing)复(fu)之(zhi)(zhi),炎(yan)(yan)固以(yi)(yi)为不(bu)可,杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)益怒。又密(mi)启主书(shu)(shu)过咎,逐(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue):“主书(shu)(shu),吾(wu)(wu)局吏也(ye),吾(wu)(wu)当自治之(zhi)(zhi),奈何相侵邪?”始(shi),炎(yan)(yan)还朝,道襄、汉(han),因劝梁(liang)崇义入朝,后又使(shi)(shi)李舟邀说之(zhi)(zhi),崇义益反侧。及其(qi)叛,议(yi)者(zhe)归咎炎(yan)(yan),以(yi)(yi)为趣成之(zhi)(zhi)。帝欲以(yi)(yi)淮西李希烈统诸军致讨(tao),炎(yan)(yan)曰(yue):“希烈始(shi)与(yu)李忠(zhong)臣(chen)为子,逐(zhu)忠(zhong)臣(chen)取其(qi)位,此(ci)可以(yi)(yi)任(ren)乎(hu)?居无尺(chi)寸功,犹倔强不(bu)奉法(fa),设(she)使(shi)(shi)平贼,陛下(xia)将何以(yi)(yi)制之(zhi)(zhi)?”帝不(bu)能平,恚曰(yue):“氍(qu)不(bu)能食(shi)吾(wu)(wu)言。”遂用希烈。又尝访群臣(chen)可大任(ren)者(zhe),杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)荐张镒(yi)、严郢(ying),而炎(yan)(yan)举崔昭、赵惠(hui)伯。帝以(yi)(yi)炎(yan)(yan)论(lun)议(yi)疏阔,遂罢(ba)为尚书(shu)(shu)左仆射(she)。既谢,对延英讫,不(bu)至中(zhong)书(shu)(shu),杞(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)怒,益欲中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)。
先是,严郢(ying)为京(jing)兆尹(yin),不附炎,炎讽御(yu)(yu)史张著劾之(zhi),罢兼御(yu)(yu)史中丞。源休(xiu)(xiu)与郢(ying)不善,自流(liu)人(ren)擢休(xiu)(xiu)为京(jing)兆少(shao)尹(yin),令伺郢(ying)过(guo)。休(xiu)(xiu)反与郢(ying)善,炎怒。会张光(guang)晟谋杀回纥(he)酋帅(shuai),乃(nai)使(shi)(shi)休(xiu)(xiu)使(shi)(shi)回纥(he)。郢(ying)坐度田不实,下除大理卿。至(zhi)是炎罢,其子弘(hong)业赇赂狼(lang)藉,故杞(qi)引郢(ying)为御(yu)(yu)史大夫按(an)之(zhi),并得它过(guo)。惠伯为河南尹(yin)时(shi),尝市炎第(di)为官(guan)廨(xie)。御(yu)(yu)史劾炎宰相抑吏市私第(di),贵取其直。杞(qi)召(zhao)大理正(zheng)田晋(jin)评罪(zui)(zui),晋(jin)曰:“宰相于庶官(guan)比监临,计(ji)羡利(li),罪(zui)(zui)夺官(guan)。”杞(qi)怒,谪晋(jin)衡州司马(ma)。于是当监主自盗,罪(zui)(zui)绞(jiao)。开元时(shi),萧(xiao)嵩尝度曲江南,欲立(li)(li)私庙(miao),以为天子临幸处(chu)乃(nai)止,后炎复取以立(li)(li)庙(miao)。飞语云(yun):“地有王气,故炎取之(zhi)。”帝(di)闻,震怒,会狱(yu)具,诏三(san)司同(tong)覆,贬(bian)崖(ya)州司马(ma)同(tong)正(zheng)。未至(zhi)百里(li),赐死,年(nian)五十(shi)五。贬(bian)惠伯多田尉,亦杀之(zhi)。
初,炎(yan)矫饬志(zhi)节,颇得名。既傅会元载抵罪,俄而得政(zheng),然(ran)忮害根中(zhong),不能自(zi)止。眦睚(ya)必雠,果于用(yong)私,终以此及(ji)祸(huo)。自(zi)道州还(hai)也(ye),家人以绿袍(pao)木(mu)简弃(qi)之(zhi),炎(yan)止曰(yue):“吾岭上一(yi)逐吏,超登上台,可常(chang)哉?且有非常(chang)之(zhi)福,必有非常(chang)之(zhi)祸(huo),安(an)可弃(qi)是乎?”及(ji)贬,还(hai)所服。久之(zhi),诏复其(qi)官,谥肃愍,左(zuo)丞孔(kong)驳之(zhi),更(geng)曰(yue)平厉。
庾(yu)准者,常(chang)州(zhou)人(ren)。无(wu)学术(shu),以柔媚(mei)自(zi)进,得幸(xing)于(yu)王(wang)缙(jin)(jin),骤至中(zhong)书舍人(ren),时流嗤(chi)薄之。再迁(qian)尚书右(you)丞(cheng)。缙(jin)(jin)得罪,出为汝州(zhou)刺史。复入(ru)为司农卿。又(you)善炎,故炎使节度(du)荆南;晏已诬死,引为尚书左丞(cheng)。建中(zhong)三年卒,赠工部(bu)尚书。
严郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),字叔(shu)敖,华州(zhou)(zhou)华阴人(ren)(ren)。父(fu)正(zheng)诲(hui),以(yi)(yi)才吏更七郡、终江南西道(dao)采访使(shi)。郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及进(jin)士第,补太常协(xie)律郎,守东都太庙。禄山(shan)乱,郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)取(qu)神主秘于家,至德初(chu)(chu),定洛阳,有(you)司得以(yi)(yi)奉(feng)迎还(hai)(hai)庙,擢大(da)理司直。吕諲镇江陵,表为判(pan)官(guan)。方(fang)(fang)士申泰芝(zhi)以(yi)(yi)术得幸(xing)肃宗,遨游湖(hu)、衡间,以(yi)(yi)妖幻诡(gui)众,奸赃(zang)钜(ju)万(wan),潭州(zhou)(zhou)刺史庞承(cheng)鼎(ding)按治。帝不信,召还(hai)(hai)泰芝(zhi),下承(cheng)鼎(ding)江陵狱。郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)具言泰芝(zhi)左道(dao),帝遣中人(ren)(ren)与諲杂讯有(you)状,帝不为然。御史中丞敬羽白贷(dai)泰芝(zhi),郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)方(fang)(fang)入朝,亟(ji)辨之。帝怒,叱郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)去。郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)复曰:“承(cheng)鼎(ding)劾泰芝(zhi)诡(gui)沓有(you)实(shi),泰芝(zhi)言承(cheng)鼎(ding)验左不存。今缓有(you)罪(zui)(zui),急无(wu)罪(zui)(zui),臣(chen)死不敢如诏(zhao)。”帝卒(zu)杀(sha)承(cheng)鼎(ding),流郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)建州(zhou)(zhou)。泰芝(zhi)后坐妖妄不道(dao)诛(zhu)。代(dai)宗初(chu)(chu),追还(hai)(hai)承(cheng)鼎(ding)官(guan),召郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)为监(jian)察御史,连署帅府(fu)司马(ma)。郭子(zi)仪表为关内、河东副元(yuan)帅府(fu)判(pan)官(guan),迁行军司马(ma)。子(zi)仪镇邠州(zhou)(zhou),檄郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)主留务。河中士卒(zu)不乐戍邠,多逃还(hai)(hai)。郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)取(qu)渠首(shou)尸之,乃定。岁余,召至京(jing)师,元(yuan)载荐之帝,时载得罪(zui)(zui),不见(jian)用(yong)。御史大(da)夫李栖筠(yun)亦荐郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying),帝曰:“是元(yuan)载所厚,可乎?”答曰:“如郢(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)材力,陛下不自取(qu),而留为奸人(ren)(ren)用(yong)邪?”即日拜河南尹、水陆(lu)运使(shi)。大(da)历末,进(jin)拜京(jing)兆尹。严明持法令,疾恶抚穷,敢诛(zhu)杀(sha),盗贼一衰,减(jian)隶(li)官(guan)匠丁(ding)数百千人(ren)(ren),号称职(zhi)尹。
宰相杨炎请(qing)(qing)屯田(tian)丰(feng)州,发关(guan)辅民(min)(min)凿陵阳(yang)渠,郢习(xi)朔边病利(li)(li),即奏:“旧屯肥饶地(di),今(jin)十(shi)不(bu)垦一,水(shui)田(tian)甚(shen)广(guang),力(li)不(bu)及而废。若(ruo)发二(er)(er)京(jing)关(guan)辅民(min)(min)浚丰(feng)渠营田(tian),扰(rao)而无(wu)利(li)(li)。请(qing)(qing)以内苑莳(shi)稻验之(zhi),秦地(di)膏腴,田(tian)上上,耕者(zhe)皆(jie)畿(ji)(ji)人,月一代,功甚(shen)易,又(you)人给(ji)钱月八(ba)千,粮(liang)不(bu)在,然有司常募不(bu)能足。合府县(xian)共之(zhi),计(ji)一农(nong)岁(sui)(sui)钱九万六千,米月七斛(hu)二(er)(er)斗,大抵(di)岁(sui)(sui)僦丁三百,钱二(er)(er)千八(ba)百八(ba)十(shi)万,米二(er)(er)千一百六十(shi)斛(hu),臣(chen)恐终岁(sui)(sui)获不(bu)酬费(fei)(fei)。况二(er)(er)千里发人出塞,而岁(sui)(sui)一代乎?又(you)自太原转(zhuan)粮(liang)以哺,私出资费(fei)(fei)倍之(zhi),是虚畿(ji)(ji)甸,事空徭也(ye)。”郢又(you)言:“五城旧屯地(di)至(zhi)广(guang),请(qing)(qing)以凿渠粮(liang)俾诸城,夏贷(dai)冬输,取渠工布(bu)帛给(ji)田(tian)者(zhe),令据直转(zhuan)谷(gu),则关(guan)辅免调发,而诸城辟田(tian)。”炎不(bu)许,渠卒不(bu)成,弃之(zhi)。
御(yu)史台请天下断(duan)狱一切待(dai)报(bao),唯杀人(ren)许偿(chang)死,论徒者得悉(xi)徙(xi)边。郢(ying)(ying)(ying)言(yan):“罪人(ren)徙(xi)边,即流(liu)也。流(liu)有(you)三,而(er)一用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi),诚难。且杀人(ren)外犹(you)有(you)十恶(e)、伪造用(yong)符印、强光火诸盗,今一徙(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),法太(tai)轻(qing),不(bu)(bu)足(zu)禁(jin)恶(e)。又罪抵徒,科别差殊(shu),或殴伤、夫(fu)妇(fu)离非义绝、养男别姓(xing)、立(li)嫡不(bu)(bu)如(ru)式、私度关、冒户等不(bu)(bu)可悉(xi),而(er)与十恶(e)同徙(xi),即轻(qing)重不(bu)(bu)伦(lun)。又按(an),京师天下聚,论徒者至广(guang),例不(bu)(bu)覆谳,今若悉(xi)待(dai)报(bao),有(you)司断(duan)决有(you)程,月(yue)不(bu)(bu)啻(chi)五千狱,正恐(kong)牒按(an)填委,章程紊挠。且边及近(jin)边犯死徒流(liu)者,若何为差?请下有(you)司更议。”炎恶(e)异己,阴讽御(yu)史张著劾郢(ying)(ying)(ying)匿(ni)发(fa)民浚渠,使怨归(gui)上。系金吾(wu)。长(zhang)安中(zhong)日数(shu)千人(ren)遮建福门讼(song)郢(ying)(ying)(ying)冤(yuan),帝微知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),削兼御(yu)史中(zhong)丞。人(ren)知(zhi)郢(ying)(ying)(ying)得原,皆(jie)迎(ying)拜。会秋旱,郢(ying)(ying)(ying)请蠲租(zu)税,炎令度支(zhi)御(yu)史按(an)覆,以不(bu)(bu)实(shi),罢为大理卿。
炎(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)罢,卢杞引郢(ying)为御史大夫,共谋炎(yan)罪(zui)。即(ji)逮捕河(he)中观(guan)察使赵(zhao)惠(hui)伯(bo)下(xia)狱(yu),楚掠惨棘(ji),锻成其罪(zui),卒逐炎(yan)崖州(zhou),惠(hui)伯(bo)费州(zhou)。天下(xia)以(yi)郢(ying)挟(xie)宰(zai)相报仇为不直。然(ran)杞用郢(ying)败炎(yan),内忌郢(ying)才,因按蔡廷玉事(shi),杀(sha)御史郑詹(zhan),出(chu)郢(ying)为费州(zhou)刺史。道逢柩殡(bin),问之(zhi)(zhi),或曰:“赵(zhao)惠(hui)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)殡(bin)。”郢(ying)内惭,忽(hu)忽(hu)岁余卒。
窦参(can),字时中,刑(xing)部(bu)尚(shang)书诞四世(shi)孙。学律令,为(wei)(wei)人(ren)矜(jin)严悻(xing)直,果于断(duan)。以廕累为(wei)(wei)万年尉(wei)。同舍当(dang)夕直者,闻亲疾惶遽,参(can)为(wei)(wei)代之(zhi)。会失(shi)囚,京兆(zhao)按(an)直簿劾其人(ren),参(can)曰(yue):“彼以不(bu)及(ji)谒而往(wang),参(can)当(dang)坐。”乃贬(bian)江(jiang)夏尉(wei),人(ren)皆义(yi)之(zhi)。迁(qian)奉先(xian)尉(wei)。男子曹芬兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)隶北军,醉暴其妹,父救不(bu)止,恚赴(fu)井(jing)死。参(can)当(dang)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)重辟(pi),众(zhong)请俟免丧,参(can)曰(yue):“父繇子死,若(ruo)以丧延(yan),是杀父不(bu)坐。”皆榜杀之(zhi),一县畏(wei)伏。
进大理司直,按(an)江淮(huai)狱扬州(zhou),节度使(shi)陈少(shao)(shao)游偃蹇不(bu)郊迎,遣军吏致问,参(can)厉辞(ci)谯让(rang),少(shao)(shao)游惭,往(wang)谒(ye)参(can),参(can)不(bu)顾即(ji)去。婺州(zhou)刺史邓(deng)珽盗(dao)赃(zang)八千缗,宰相右珽,欲免(mian)输其财,诏百官(guan)集尚书省议(yi),多希意为助,参(can)独持法,卒输入之。迁监察御史。湖南判(pan)官(guan)马彝发部令赃(zang)千万(wan),令之子因(yin)权幸诬奏彝,参(can)往(wang)按(an),直其侵衊(mie)。彝后佐曹王(wang)皋,以干直闻者也。
入为(wei)御(yu)史中(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng),举(ju)劾无(wu)所回忌。德宗数召见,语天下(xia)事,或决大(da)议(yi),帝器之(zhi)。然(ran)多与(yu)宰(zai)相驳(bo)异,数为(wei)排却(que),卒(zu)无(wu)以伤(shang)。参(can)由是无(wu)所惮,或率情制(zhi)事矣。时(shi)定(ding)百官班禀(bing),参(can)尝为(wei)大(da)理司直,故(gu)多其(qi)入,使在丞(cheng)(cheng)上。恶(e)詹事李昇(sheng),抑其(qi)班在诸府少尹下(xia)。中(zhong)外稍恶(e)其(qi)专(zhuan)。
进(jin)兼户部(bu)侍郎(lang)。民家生豕二首四足,有(you)司欲以(yi)闻,参(can)(can)曰:“此乃豕祸。”屏不奏。陈少游(you)死,子请袭(xi)封,参(can)(can)大署省(sheng)门(men)曰:“少游(you)位(wei)将相,以(yi)艰危易节,上含垢不忍发,其息容得传袭(xi)邪?”神策(ce)将军(jun)孟(meng)华战有(you)功,或诬(wu)以(yi)反,龙武将军(jun)李(li)建玉陷吐蕃自拔归,部(bu)曲告与虏通,皆论死。参(can)(can)悉(xi)治出之(zhi),人始属望。
俄以中(zhong)书侍郎(lang)同中(zhong)书门下平章事,领度支、盐铁使。每延(yan)英对,它(ta)相罢,参必留,以度支为(wei)(wei)言,实(shi)(shi)专政也。然参无学(xue)术,不(bu)能稽古立事,惟树亲(qin)党,多所讠冋察,四(si)方畏(wei)之(zhi)。于(yu)是淄青李纳厚馈参,外示(shi)严畏(wei),实(shi)(shi)赂帝亲(qin)近为(wei)(wei)间,故(gu)左(zuo)右争毁短之(zhi)。
申(shen)(shen),其族子也,为给事中,参亲爱,每除吏多(duo)访申(shen)(shen),申(shen)(shen)因得招赂,漏禁密语,故申(shen)(shen)所至,人目(mu)为“喜鹊”。帝(di)(di)闻,以(yi)戒参,且(qie)曰:“是必(bi)为累,不如斥(chi)之。”参以(yi)情(qing)诉曰:“臣(chen)无强子姓,申(shen)(shen)虽疏属,无它恶。”帝(di)(di)曰:“而(er)虽自保,如外言何?”参固陈丐。
初,陆贽与参(can)(can)不(bu)平,吴通玄兄弟皆在翰(han)林,与贽轩(xuan)轾(zhi)不(bu)得,申舅嗣虢王则(ze)之与通微(wei)等(deng)善,遂共谮贽。帝(di)得其奸(jian),逐申为(wei)道州(zhou)司(si)马。不(bu)浃日,贬参(can)(can)郴州(zhou)别驾。宣武刘士宁饷(xiang)参(can)(can)绢五千(qian),湖(hu)南(nan)观(guan)察(cha)使李(li)巽(xun)故与参(can)(can)隙,以(yi)状闻,又中人为(wei)之验左,帝(di)大怒,以(yi)为(wei)外交戎臣,欲(yu)杀参(can)(can)。贽虽怨,然亦以(yi)杀之太重,乃贬驩州(zhou)司(si)马,逐其息(xi)景伯于(yu)泉州(zhou),女(nv)尼于(yu)郴州(zhou),没入赀产奴婢。帝(di)又欲(yu)杀申、则(ze)之及(ji)属人荣,贽固争:“法有(you)首从(cong),首原则(ze)从(cong)减。荣与参(can)(can)虽善,然初无邪僻,数(shu)激愤有(you)直言,晚颇疏(shu)忌,请贬荣远官,申、则(ze)之除名流(liu)岭南(nan)。”诏可。时宦侍谤(bang)沮不(bu)已(yi),参(can)(can)竟(jing)赐死于(yu)邕(yong)州(zhou),年(nian)六(liu)十。而杖杀申,免荣死,诸窦并逐云。
吴通(tong)玄(xuan)者(zhe),海州(zhou)人,与弟通(tong)微皆博学(xue)善文章。父道瓘,以道士诏授(shou)太子诸(zhu)王(wang)经,故通(tong)玄(xuan)等皆得(de)侍太子游,太子待之甚善。始,通(tong)玄(xuan)举神童,补秘书正(zheng)字(zi)。又擢(zhuo)文辞清丽科,调同州(zhou)司户参军。德(de)宗立(li),弟兄(xiong)踵召为翰林(lin)学(xue)士。顷之,通(tong)微迁职方郎中(zhong),通(tong)玄(xuan)起居舍人,并知制诰。凡(fan)帝有撰述(shu),非通(tong)玄(xuan)笔(bi)未尝(chang)慊。
与陆贽(zhi)、吉(ji)中(zhong)孚、韦执谊并(bing)位。贽(zhi)文高有谋(mou),特为帝器遇,且更(geng)险难,有功。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)等特以(yi)(yi)(yi)东宫恩(en)旧进(jin),昵而(er)不礼,见贽(zhi)骤(zhou)擢,颇媢恨。贽(zhi)自恃(shi)劲正,屡短通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)于帝前,欲斥远之(zhi)(zhi),即建言:“承(cheng)平时,工(gong)艺书(shu)画之(zhi)(zhi)冗,皆待(dai)诏(zhao)翰林而(er)无(wu)学士,至德以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,命集贤学士入禁中(zhong)草(cao)书(shu)诏(zhao),待(dai)进(jin)止于翰林院,因以(yi)(yi)(yi)名官。今(jin)四方无(wu)事,制书(shu)职分宜归中(zhong)书(shu)舍(she)人,请罢(ba)学士。”帝不许。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)怨日结,谋(mou)夺其内职。会贽(zhi)权知(zhi)兵(bing)部侍郎,主贡举,乃命为真。贞元十(shi)年(nian),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)拜谏议大(da)(da)夫,自以(yi)(yi)(yi)久次(ci),当(dang)得中(zhong)书(shu)舍(she)人,大(da)(da)怨望。贽(zhi)与窦参交恶(e),参从(cong)子申(shen)从(cong)舅嗣(si)虢王则之(zhi)(zhi)方为金(jin)吾将军(jun),故申(shen)介之(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)结通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)兄弟,共危贽(zhi)。而(er)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)宗室(shi)女为外妇,帝知(zhi),未及(ji)责。则之(zhi)(zhi)飞谤云:“贽(zhi)试进(jin)士,受贿谢。”帝恶(e)诬构,大(da)(da)怒(nu),罢(ba)参宰相(xiang),逐则之(zhi)(zhi)昭州司马,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)玄(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)泉州司马。又衔淫污近属事,自诘之(zhi)(zhi),不敢(gan)答(da),赐死长城驿。贽(zhi)遂相(xiang)矣。
通(tong)玄死,通(tong)微(wei)白衣待罪于门,帝宥之,内惧祸,不敢行(xing)丧服。
赞(zan)曰:元载(zai)(zai)、杨炎各以(yi)(yi)才资(zi)奋,适(shi)主暗庸,故致位(wei)辅相。若其翦阉尹,城原州以(yi)(yi)谋(mou)西夏,还左(zuo)藏有(you)(you)司,一租赋(fu)以(yi)(yi)检制有(you)(you)亡,诚(cheng)有(you)(you)取(qu)焉。然载(zai)(zai)本与(yu)辅国(guo)以(yi)(yi)利合(he),险刻著诸心,溪(xi)壑之欲,发乎无(wu)厌(yan)。炎牵连载(zai)(zai)势,兴(xing)丑裔,秉国(guo)维(wei)纲(gang),返为载(zai)(zai)复雠,释(shi)言于(yu)(yu)君,卒(zu)与(yu)妻子(zi)并诛,暴(bao)先(xian)骨,殛命于(yu)(yu)道,盖自(zi)取(qu)之也。夫奸(jian)人(ren)多才,未始不为患,故鄷舒以(yi)(yi)俊死,而邓析以(yi)(yi)辩亡。若两人(ren)者,所谓多才者邪!缙言福业(ye)报(bao)应,参得(de)君自(zi)私,无(wu)可论者。《易》称“鼎折足,其刑剭(wu)谅哉!
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