列传第四十九 姚宋(song)
姚崇,字元之,陕州硖石人。父懿,字善懿,贞观中,为巂州都督,赠幽州大都督,谥文献。
崇少倜傥,尚气节,长乃好学。仕为孝敬挽(wan)郎(lang)(lang),举下(xia)(xia)(xia)笔成章,授濮(pu)州司仓参军(jun),五迁夏官郎(lang)(lang)中。契丹扰河北,兵檄丛(cong)进,崇奏(zou)决若(ruo)(ruo)流,武后(hou)(hou)贤之(zhi),即(ji)拜侍郎(lang)(lang)。后(hou)(hou)尝语左右(you):“往周兴、来俊臣(chen)等数治诏狱(yu),朝(chao)臣(chen)相逮引,一切承(cheng)反。朕(zhen)意其枉,更畏近臣(chen)临问(wen),皆得其手牒不冤(yuan),朕(zhen)无(wu)所疑(yi),即(ji)可其奏(zou)。自(zi)俊臣(chen)等诛,遂无(wu)反者,然则(ze)向论(lun)死得无(wu)冤(yuan)邪?”崇曰:“自(zi)垂拱后(hou)(hou),被告(gao)(gao)者类自(zi)诬。当是时,以(yi)告(gao)(gao)言为功,故(gu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)号曰‘罗(luo)织’,甚于汉之(zhi)钩党。虽陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)使近臣(chen)覆讯(xun),彼尚不自(zi)保(bao)(bao),敢一摇(yao)手以(yi)悖(bei)酷吏意哉!且被问(wen)不承(cheng),则(ze)重罹(li)其惨(can),如张虔勖、李安静等皆是也。今赖(lai)天之(zhi)灵,发寤陛下(xia)(xia)(xia),凶竖歼夷(yi),朝(chao)廷乂安,臣(chen)以(yi)一门百口(kou)保(bao)(bao)内(nei)外官无(wu)复反者。陛下(xia)(xia)(xia)以(yi)告(gao)(gao)牒置(zhi)弗推,后(hou)(hou)若(ruo)(ruo)反有端,臣(chen)请坐知(zhi)而(er)不告(gao)(gao)。”后(hou)(hou)悦曰:“前宰相务顺(shun)可,陷我为淫刑主,闻(wen)公(gong)之(zhi)言,乃得朕(zhen)心(xin)。”赐银千两。
圣(sheng)历(li)三年(nian),进同凤阁(ge)鸾台平章事(shi)。迁(qian)凤阁(ge)侍郎(lang),俄兼(jian)相王(wang)府(fu)长史(shi),以母老纳政(zheng)归侍,乃诏以相王(wang)府(fu)长史(shi)侍疾,月(yue)余,复兼(jian)夏官尚书、同凤阁(ge)鸾台三品。崇建言:“臣事(shi)相王(wang),而夏官本兵,臣非惜(xi)死(si),恐不益王(wang)。”乃诏改春(chun)官。张易(yi)之(zhi)私有(you)请于崇,崇不纳,易(yi)之(zhi)谮于后,降司(si)仆卿,犹同凤阁(ge)鸾台三品。出为灵武道大总管。
张柬之等(deng)谋诛二(er)张,崇适自屯所还,遂参(can)计议。以功封(feng)梁县侯,实封(feng)二(er)百(bai)户(hu)。后(hou)迁上阳(yang)宫(gong),中宗率百(bai)官起居,王公更相庆,崇独(du)流(liu)涕(ti)。柬之等(deng)曰(yue)(yue):“今岂涕(ti)泣时邪(xie)?恐公祸由(you)此始。”崇曰(yue)(yue):“比与(yu)讨逆,不足(zu)以语功,然事(shi)天后(hou)久,违旧主而泣,人臣终节也,由(you)此获罪甘(gan)心焉。”俄为亳(bo)州刺史。后(hou)五(wu)王被害,而崇独(du)免。历宋(song)、常、越、许四州。睿(rui)宗立,拜兵部(bu)尚书(shu)(shu)、同(tong)中书(shu)(shu)门下三品,进中书(shu)(shu)令。
玄宗在东(dong)宫,太平(ping)公主干政,宋(song)王(wang)成器(qi)等分典(dian)闲厩、禁兵(bing)。崇与宋(song)璟建(jian)请(qing)主就东(dong)都(dou),出(chu)诸王(wang)为(wei)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),以壹人心。帝以谓(wei)主,主怒。太子惧,上疏以崇等槊间王(wang)室,请(qing)加(jia)罪(zui),贬为(wei)申州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。移徐、潞(lu)二(er)州(zhou)(zhou),迁扬州(zhou)(zhou)长史(shi)(shi)。政条简肃,人为(wei)纪德于碑(bei)。徙同州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。
先(xian)天二年,玄宗讲武(wu)新丰(feng)。故(gu)事,天子行(xing)(xing)幸,牧守(shou)在三百(bai)里者,得(de)诣(yi)行(xing)(xing)在。时帝(di)(di)亦密(mi)召(zhao)崇,崇至,帝(di)(di)方猎渭(wei)滨(bin),即召(zhao)见,帝(di)(di)曰(yue):“公(gong)知(zhi)猎乎(hu)?”对(dui)曰(yue):“少所习也。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)年二十(shi),居(ju)广成(cheng)泽,以(yi)(yi)呼(hu)鹰逐兽(shou)为(wei)乐。张憬藏谓臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)当位王佐,无自(zi)(zi)弃(qi),故(gu)折(zhe)(zhe)节读书,遂待罪(zui)将相。然少为(wei)猎师,老(lao)而犹能。”帝(di)(di)悦,与俱驰逐,缓速如旨,帝(di)(di)欢(huan)甚。既(ji)罢,乃咨天下(xia)事,衮(gun)(gun)衮(gun)(gun)不(bu)知(zhi)倦。帝(di)(di)曰(yue):“卿宜遂相朕(zhen)。”崇知(zhi)帝(di)(di)大度,锐于治,乃先(xian)设(she)事以(yi)(yi)坚帝(di)(di)意,即阳不(bu)谢,帝(di)(di)怪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。崇因跪奏(zou):“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿以(yi)(yi)十(shi)事闻,陛下(xia)度不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing),臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)敢辞。”帝(di)(di)曰(yue):“试(shi)为(wei)朕(zhen)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”崇曰(yue):“垂拱以(yi)(yi)来(lai),以(yi)(yi)峻法绳下(xia);臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿政先(xian)仁恕,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?朝廷覆师青海(hai),未有牵复之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悔;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿不(bu)倖边功(gong),可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?比来(lai)壬佞冒触宪网(wang),皆得(de)以(yi)(yi)宠自(zi)(zi)解;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿法行(xing)(xing)自(zi)(zi)近,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?后氏临朝,喉(hou)舌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任出阉人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿宦(huan)竖不(bu)与政,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?戚(qi)(qi)里贡献以(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)媚(mei)于上,公(gong)卿方镇浸(jin)亦为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿租赋外一绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?外戚(qi)(qi)贵主更相用(yong)事,班序荒杂;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)请(qing)戚(qi)(qi)属不(bu)任台省,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?先(xian)朝亵狎(xia)大臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen),亏君臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)严;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿陛下(xia)接(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)礼,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?燕钦(qin)融(rong)、韦月将以(yi)(yi)忠被罪(zui),自(zi)(zi)是诤臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)沮(ju)折(zhe)(zhe);臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿群臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)皆得(de)批逆鳞,犯忌讳(hui),可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?武(wu)后造(zao)福先(xian)寺,上皇(huang)造(zao)金仙、玉真二观,费钜百(bai)万;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)请(qing)绝道(dao)佛营造(zao),可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?汉以(yi)(yi)禄、莽(mang)、阎、梁乱天下(xia),国家为(wei)甚;臣(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)愿推此鉴戒为(wei)万代法,可(ke)(ke)(ke)乎(hu)?”帝(di)(di)曰(yue):“朕(zhen)能行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”崇乃顿首谢。翌日,拜兵部尚(shang)书、同中(zhong)书门下(xia)三品。封(feng)(feng)(feng)梁国公(gong)。迁紫微令。固辞实封(feng)(feng)(feng),乃停旧食,赐新封(feng)(feng)(feng)百(bai)户。
中宗时,近戚(qi)奏度(du)僧尼,温户强丁因(yin)避赋役(yi)。至是,崇建(jian)言:“佛(fo)不(bu)在外(wai),悟之(zhi)(zhi)于心。行(xing)事利益,使(shi)苍生(sheng)安稳,是谓佛(fo)理(li)。乌用奸人(ren)以汨真教?”帝善之(zhi)(zhi),诏天下汰僧伪滥,发而农(nong)者余万二千人(ren)。
崇(chong)(chong)尝于帝前序次郎(lang)吏,帝左右(you)顾,不(bu)(bu)主其语(yu)。崇(chong)(chong)惧,再三言(yan)之(zhi),卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)答(da),崇(chong)(chong)趋出。内侍(shi)高力士曰:“陛下新(xin)即位,宜与(yu)大(da)臣裁可(ke)否。今崇(chong)(chong)亟言(yan),陛下不(bu)(bu)应,非虚怀纳诲者。”帝曰:“我任崇(chong)(chong)以政,大(da)事吾当与(yu)决,至用郎(lang)吏,崇(chong)(chong)顾不(bu)(bu)能而重(zhong)烦我邪?”崇(chong)(chong)闻乃安。由(you)是进(jin)贤退不(bu)(bu)肖而天下治。
开(kai)元四年,山(shan)东大蝗(huang)(huang)(huang),民祭且(qie)(qie)拜,坐视食苗不(bu)(bu)敢捕。崇(chong)奏(zou)(zou):“《诗》云(yun):‘秉彼蟊贼,付畀炎火。’汉光武(wu)诏曰(yue)(yue):‘勉顺时政,劝(quan)督(du)农桑。去彼螟域,以及蟊贼。’此除蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)谊也。且(qie)(qie)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)畏人(ren)(ren)(ren)易驱(qu),又田(tian)皆(jie)有(you)(you)主,使自救(jiu)(jiu)其地(di),必(bi)不(bu)(bu)惮劝(quan)。请夜(ye)设火,坎其旁,且(qie)(qie)焚且(qie)(qie)瘗,蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)乃(nai)可(ke)(ke)尽。古(gu)有(you)(you)讨(tao)(tao)除不(bu)(bu)胜者,特(te)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)用命(ming)耳。”乃(nai)出御史(shi)为(wei)捕蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)使,分道(dao)(dao)杀蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)。汴州刺史(shi)倪若水上言(yan):“除天灾者当以德,昔(xi)刘聪除蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)克而(er)害愈甚。”拒御史(shi)不(bu)(bu)应命(ming)。崇(chong)移书诮之曰(yue)(yue):“聪伪主,德不(bu)(bu)胜祆(xian),今祆(xian)不(bu)(bu)胜德。古(gu)者良守,蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)避其境,谓(wei)修德可(ke)(ke)免,彼将无德致然乎(hu)?今坐视食苗,忍而(er)不(bu)(bu)救(jiu)(jiu),因以无年,刺史(shi)其谓(wei)何(he)?”若水惧,乃(nai)纵(zong)捕,得蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)十四万石。时议(yi)者喧(xuan)哗,帝(di)疑,复以问(wen)崇(chong),对(dui)曰(yue)(yue):“庸(yong)儒泥文不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)变。事固有(you)(you)违经而(er)合道(dao)(dao),反道(dao)(dao)而(er)适(shi)权者。昔(xi)魏世(shi)山(shan)东蝗(huang)(huang)(huang),小忍不(bu)(bu)除,至(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相食;后奏(zou)(zou)有(you)(you)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang),草木皆(jie)尽,牛马至(zhi)相啖毛。今飞蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)所在(zai)充满,加复蕃息,且(qie)(qie)河南(nan)、河北家(jia)无宿藏,一不(bu)(bu)获(huo)则流离(li),安(an)危系之。且(qie)(qie)讨(tao)(tao)蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)纵(zong)不(bu)(bu)能尽,不(bu)(bu)愈于(yu)养(yang)以遗患乎(hu)?”帝(di)然之。黄(huang)门监卢怀(huai)慎曰(yue)(yue):“凡天灾,安(an)可(ke)(ke)以人(ren)(ren)(ren)力制也!且(qie)(qie)杀虫多,必(bi)戾和气。愿公思之。”崇(chong)曰(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)楚(chu)王(wang)吞(tun)蛭而(er)厥疾瘳,叔敖断虵福乃(nai)降。今蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)幸可(ke)(ke)驱(qu),若纵(zong)之,谷(gu)且(qie)(qie)尽,如百姓何(he)?杀虫救(jiu)(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),祸归于(yu)崇(chong),不(bu)(bu)以诿公也!”蝗(huang)(huang)(huang)害讫息。
于(yu)是(shi),帝方躬万机,朝夕询逮,它宰相畏帝威决,皆谦(qian)惮,唯独崇(chong)(chong)佐裁决,故得(de)专任。崇(chong)(chong)第(di)赊僻,因近舍客庐。会怀慎卒,崇(chong)(chong)病{疒(chuang)占}移告,凡(fan)大政(zheng)事(shi),帝必令源乾曜就咨焉(yan)。乾曜所奏(zou)善,帝则曰(yue):“是(shi)必崇(chong)(chong)画之。”有不(bu)(bu)(bu)合,则曰(yue):“胡不(bu)(bu)(bu)问(wen)崇(chong)(chong)?”乾曜谢其未也,乃已(yi)。帝欲崇(chong)(chong)自近,诏徙(xi)寓四(si)方馆,日遣问(wen)食(shi)饮起居(ju),高(gao)医、尚(shang)食(shi)踵(zhong)道。崇(chong)(chong)以馆局华大,不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢居(ju)。帝使语崇(chong)(chong)曰(yue):“恨(hen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)处禁中(zhong),此何避(bi)?”久之,紫(zi)微史赵诲(hui)受夷人赇,当死(si)。崇(chong)(chong)素亲倚(yi),署(shu)奏(zou)营减,帝不(bu)(bu)(bu)悦。时(shi)曲赦京师,惟诲(hui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)原。崇(chong)(chong)惶惧(ju),上还宰政(zheng),引宋(song)璟(jing)代(dai),乃以开府(fu)仪同(tong)三司罢政(zheng)事(shi)。
帝(di)(di)(di)将(jiang)幸(xing)东都,而(er)太(tai)庙屋自坏(huai),帝(di)(di)(di)问宰相,宋璟、苏颋(ting)同对曰:“三年之(zhi)丧未(wei)终,不可以行(xing)(xing)(xing)幸(xing)。坏(huai)压(ya)之(zhi)变,天所(suo)以示教戒(jie),陛下宜停(ting)东巡,修德(de)以答至谴(qian)。”帝(di)(di)(di)以问崇(chong),对曰:“臣闻隋取(qu)苻坚(jian)故(gu)殿(dian)以营庙,而(er)唐因之(zhi)。且(qie)山(shan)有朽(xiu)坏(huai)乃(nai)崩,况(kuang)木(mu)积年而(er)木(mu)自当蠹乎。但(dan)坏(huai)与行(xing)(xing)(xing)会,不缘行(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)坏(huai)。且(qie)陛下以关中无年,轮饷告劳,因以幸(xing)东都,所(suo)以为人不为己(ji)也(ye)。百司已戒(jie),供拟既具,请(qing)车驾如行(xing)(xing)(xing)期(qi)。旧庙难复(fu)完,尽奉(feng)神主舍太(tai)极殿(dian)?更作新庙,申(shen)诚(cheng)奉(feng),大孝(xiao)之(zhi)德(de)也(ye)。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰:“卿(qing)言(yan)正契朕意。”赐(ci)绢二百匹(pi),诏所(suo)司如崇(chong)言(yan),天子(zi)遂东。因诏五日(ri)一参,入阁(ge)供奉(feng)。
八年,授(shou)太(tai)子(zi)少保,以疾不拜。明(ming)年卒,年七十二。赠(zeng)扬州(zhou)大(da)都督(du),谥曰文献。十七年,追赠(zeng)太(tai)子(zi)太(tai)保。
崇析赀产,令诸子各有定分。治令曰(yue):
比见达(da)宦之裔多贫(pin)困,至(zhi)铢尺(chi)是竞,无论(lun)曲直,均受絜,诋。田宅(zhai)水硙既共有之,至(zhi)相推倚以顿废(fei)。陆(lu)贾、石苞,古达(da)者也,亦(yi)先有定分,以绝后争。
昔杨震、赵明、卢植、张奂咸(xian)以薄葬,知(zhi)真识(shi)去身,贵速朽(xiu)耳。夫厚葬之家(jia)流于(yu)俗(su),以奢靡为孝,令死(si)者戮尸暴(bao)骸(hai),可不痛哉!死(si)者无知(zhi),自同粪土(tu),岂(qi)烦奢葬;使(shi)其有知(zhi),神不在(zai)柩,何(he)用破(po)赀徇侈乎?吾(wu)亡(wang),敛以常(chang)服(fu),四(si)时衣各一称。性(xing)不喜冠衣,毋(wu)以入墓(mu)。紫衣玉带,足(zu)便于(yu)体。
今之(zhi)佛(fo)经(jing),罗什所译,姚兴(xing)与之(zhi)对翻,而(er)兴(xing)命(ming)不(bu)延,国(guo)(guo)亦随灭。梁武帝身(shen)(shen)为(wei)(wei)寺奴(nu),齐胡(hu)太(tai)后以(yi)六(liu)宫入道(dao),皆亡国(guo)(guo)殄家。近孝和(he)皇(huang)帝发使赎(shu)生,太(tai)平公主、武三思(si)等度人造(zao)寺,身(shen)(shen)婴夷戮(lu),为(wei)(wei)天下(xia)笑。五(wu)帝之(zhi)时,父不(bu)丧子,兄不(bu)哭弟,致仁(ren)寿(shou),无(wu)凶(xiong)短也。下(xia)逮三王(wang),国(guo)(guo)祚延久,其(qi)臣(chen)则彭祖(zu)、老聃皆得长(zhang)龄,此(ci)(ci)时无(wu)佛(fo),岂抄经(jing)铸像(xiang)力邪?缘死丧造(zao)经(jing)像(xiang),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)追福(fu)。夫死者生之(zhi)常(chang),古所不(bu)免,彼经(jing)与像(xiang)何(he)所施为(wei)(wei)?儿曹慎不(bu)得为(wei)(wei)此(ci)(ci)!崇(chong)尤(you)长(zhang)吏道(dao),处(chu)决无(wu)淹(yan)思(si)。三为(wei)(wei)宰(zai)相(xiang),常(chang)兼(jian)兵部(bu),故屯戊(wu)斥候、士马储械,无(wu)不(bu)谙记。玄宗(zong)初(chu)立,宾(bin)礼大臣(chen)故老,雅尊遇(yu)崇(chong),每见便殿,必(bi)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)兴(xing),去辄临轩以(yi)送,它相(xiang)莫如也。时承权戚干(gan)政之(zhi)后,纲纪大坏,先天末,宰(zai)相(xiang)至(zhi)十七人,台(tai)省要职不(bu)可数。崇(chong)常(chang)先有司罢冗职,修制度,择(ze)百官各当其(qi)材,请无(wu)广释道(dao),无(wu)数移吏。繇是天子责成于(yu)下(xia),而(er)权归于(yu)上矣。
然(ran)资(zi)权谲。始为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)州,张说(shuo)以(yi)素憾(han)(han),讽赵彦昭劾崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。及(ji)当国,说(shuo)惧,潜诣岐(qi)王申(shen)款。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)它日朝,众趋出(chu)(chu),崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曳踵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有疾状(zhuang),帝(di)(di)召(zhao)问之(zhi),对(dui)曰(yue):“臣损足。”曰(yue):“无甚痛乎?”曰(yue):“臣心有忧(you),痛不在(zai)足。”问以(yi)故(gu),曰(yue):“岐(qi)王陛下爱(ai)弟(di),张说(shuo)辅(fu)臣,而(er)密(mi)乘车出(chu)(chu)入王家(jia),恐为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)所(suo)误,故(gu)忧(you)之(zhi)。”于(yu)(yu)是出(chu)(chu)说(shuo)相(xiang)州。魏知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu),崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)所(suo)引(yin),及(ji)同(tong)列,稍轻之(zhi),出(chu)(chu)摄吏部尚书(shu),知(zhi)(zhi)东都选(xuan),知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)憾(han)(han)焉。时崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)二子(zi)在(zai)洛(luo),通宾客馈(kui)遗,凭旧请(qing)托。知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)归,悉以(yi)闻。他日,帝(di)(di)召(zhao)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue):“卿子(zi)才(cai)乎,皆安(an)在(zai)?”崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)揣(chuai)知(zhi)(zhi)帝(di)(di)意,曰(yue):“臣二子(zi)分司东都,其为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人多欲而(er)寡慎,是必尝(chang)以(yi)事(shi)干魏知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu)。”帝(di)(di)始以(yi)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)私(si)其子(zi),或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)隐,微以(yi)言动之(zhi)。及(ji)闻,乃大喜,问:“安(an)从得之(zhi)?”对(dui)曰(yue):“知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu),臣所(suo)荐也,臣子(zi)必谓其见德而(er)请(qing)之(zhi)。”帝(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)是爱(ai)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不私(si)而(er)薄知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu),欲斥之(zhi)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)曰(yue):“臣子(zi)无状(zhuang),桡陛下法,而(er)逐(zhu)知(zhi)(zhi)古(gu),外(wai)必谓陛下私(si)臣。”乃止,然(ran)卒罢为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工部尚书(shu)。
崇始名(ming)(ming)元崇,以(yi)与突(tu)厥(jue)叱(chi)剌同名(ming)(ming),武后时以(yi)字行;至(zhi)(zhi)开元世,避帝号,更(geng)以(yi)今名(ming)(ming)。三子:彝(yi)、异、弈,皆至(zhi)(zhi)卿、刺史。
弈(yi)少修谨。始(shi),崇欲使(shi)不越(yue)官次而习知吏道,故(gu)自右(you)千(qian)牛(niu)进(jin)至太(tai)(tai)(tai)子舍(she)人(ren),皆平(ping)迁(qian)。开元中,有事五陵,有司以鹰犬从,弈(yi)曰(yue):“非(fei)礼也。”奏罢之(zhi)。请(qing)治剧,为(wei)睢(sui)阳太(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou),召授太(tai)(tai)(tai)仆(pu)卿。后为(wei)尚(shang)书右(you)丞(cheng)。子闳,居右(you)相(xiang)(xiang)牛(niu)仙(xian)客幕府。仙(xian)客病甚,闳强使(shi)荐弈(yi)及卢(lu)奂(huan)为(wei)宰相(xiang)(xiang),仙(xian)客妻以闻,闳坐死,弈(yi)贬永阳太(tai)(tai)(tai)守(shou),卒。
曾孙(sun)合(he)、勖。合(he),元和中进士及(ji)第,调武(wu)功尉,善诗,世号姚武(wu)功者。迁(qian)监察(cha)御史,累(lei)转(zhuan)给事中。奉先、冯(feng)翊二县民诉牛羊使(shi)夺其田(tian),诏美原主簿硃俦覆按,猥(wei)以田(tian)归(gui)使(shi),合(he)劾发其私(si),以地(di)还民。历陕虢观(guan)察(cha)使(shi),终秘书监。
勖字斯勤(qin)。长庆初(chu)擢(zhuo)进士第,数为(wei)使府表辟,进监(jian)察御史(shi),佐盐铁(tie)使务。累迁谏议大夫,更湖、常(chang)二州刺史(shi)。为(wei)宰相李德(de)裕厚善。及德(de)裕为(wei)令狐綯(tao)等谮逐,擿索(suo)支党,无(wu)敢通劳(lao)问;既海上(shang),家无(wu)资,病无(wu)汤(tang)剂,勖数馈饷候问,不傅(fu)时为(wei)厚薄。终(zhong)夔王傅(fu)。自作寿藏于(yu)万安山南原(yuan)崇茔之(zhi)旁,署兆曰(yue)“寂居(ju)穴(xue)”,坟曰(yue)“复(fu)真堂”,中(zhong)叕刂土为(wei)床(chuang)曰(yue)“化台(tai)”,而刻石告(gao)后世。
宋璟,邢州南和(he)人。七世祖弁(bian)为元魏吏部尚书。璟耿介有大(da)节,好学,工文辞,举(ju)进士中第。调(diao)上党尉,为监(jian)察御史,迁凤阁(ge)舍人。居官鲠正,武后高其(qi)才。张(zhang)易之诬御史大(da)夫魏元忠有不臣语,引张(zhang)说为验,将廷(ting)辩,说惶遽,璟谓说曰:“名义至重(zhong),不可陷正人以求(qiu)苟免。缘此受谪,芬香(xiang)多矣。若不测者,吾(wu)且叩阁(ge)救,将与子(zi)偕死(si)。”说感其(qi)言,以实对,元忠免死(si)。
璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)后(hou)迁左台御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng),会(hui)飞书告张昌(chang)宗(zong)引相(xiang)工观吉(ji)凶者,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)请(qing)穷治,后(hou)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等已自言于(yu)朕。”璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“谋反无(wu)容以(yi)(yi)首原(yuan),请(qing)下(xia)吏明国法(fa)。易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等贵(gui)宠,臣(chen)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且有(you)祸,然激于(yu)义,虽死(si)不悔(hui)。”后(hou)不怿,姚遽(ju)传诏(zhao)令(ling)出,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)亲奉(feng)德音,不烦宰相(xiang)擅宣王命。”后(hou)意解,许收易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等就(jiu)狱。俄诏(zhao)原(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),敕二(er)张诣璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)谢,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不见(jian),曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)事(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若私见(jian),法(fa)无(wu)私也。”顾左右叹(tan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾悔(hui)不先碎竖子首而(er)令(ling)乱(luan)国经。”尝宴朝堂,二(er)张列卿(qing)三品(pin),璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)阶六(liu)品(pin),居(ju)下(xia)坐(zuo)。易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谄事(shi)(shi)璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),虚(xu)位(wei)揖曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)第一人,何下(xia)坐(zuo)?”璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“才劣品(pin)卑,卿(qing)谓第一何邪(xie)?”是时朝廷(ting)以(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等内宠,不名其官(guan),呼(hu)易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“五郎”,昌(chang)宗(zong)“六(liu)郎”。郑善(shan)果谓璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)奈何谓五郎为卿(qing)?”璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“以(yi)(yi)官(guan)正当为卿(qing)。君非(fei)其家(jia)奴(nu),何郎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)?”会(hui)有(you)丧(sang),告满入朝,公(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)以(yi)(yi)次谒,通礼(li)意。易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等后(hou)至,促(cu)步前,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)举笏却揖唯唯。故积怨,常(chang)欲中(zhong)(zhong)伤,后(hou)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),得免(mian)。然以(yi)(yi)数(shu)忤旨,诏(zhao)按(an)(an)狱扬州(zhou),璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)奏:“按(an)(an)州(zhou)县,才监察(cha)御史职耳。”又诏(zhao)按(an)(an)幽(you)州(zhou)都督屈突仲(zhong)翔,辞曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“御史中(zhong)(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)非(fei)大事(shi)(shi)不出使(shi)。仲(zhong)翔罪止赃,今(jin)使(shi)臣(chen)往,此必有(you)危臣(chen)者。”既(ji)而(er)诏(zhao)副(fu)李峤使(shi)陇(long)、蜀,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)复言:“陇(long)右无(wu)变(bian),臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)丞(cheng)(cheng)副(fu)李峤,非(fei)朝廷(ting)故事(shi)(shi)。”终辞。易(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初冀璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)出则劾(he)奏诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),计不行(xing),乃(nai)伺璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)〗家(jia)婚(hun)礼(li),将(jiang)遣客(ke)刺杀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。有(you)告璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)者,璟(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)乘庳车舍他所,刺不得发。俄二(er)张死(si),乃(nai)免(mian)。
神(shen)龙初,为吏部侍郎。中宗嘉(jia)其直,令兼谏议大夫、内供(gong)奉(feng),仗(zhang)下(xia)与(yu)言(yan)得失。迁黄门侍郎。武三思(si)怙烝(zheng)宠,数(shu)有请(qing)于璟(jing)(jing)。璟(jing)(jing)厉答曰:“今(jin)复(fu)子明辟(pi),王宜以侯就第,安得尚干朝政,独(du)不见产、禄事乎(hu)?”后(hou)韦月将告三思(si)乱宫掖,三思(si)讽有司论大逆不道,帝诏(zhao)殊(shu)死,璟(jing)(jing)请(qing)付狱按(an)(an)罪,帝怒(nu),岸(an)巾出侧门,谓璟(jing)(jing)曰:“朕谓已诛(zhu)矣,尚何请(qing)?”璟(jing)(jing)曰:“人言(yan)后(hou)私三思(si),陛下(xia)不问(wen)即斩(zhan)之,臣恐有窃议者,请(qing)按(an)(an)而(er)后(hou)刑。”帝愈怒(nu)。璟(jing)(jing)曰:“请(qing)先诛(zhu)臣,不然,终不奉(feng)诏(zhao)。”帝乃流(liu)月将岭(ling)南。会还京师,诏(zhao)璟(jing)(jing)权检校(xiao)并州长史(shi),未行(xing),又检校(xiao)贝州刺(ci)史(shi)。时河北水,岁(sui)大饥,三思(si)使(shi)敛封租,璟(jing)(jing)拒不与(yu),故为所挤。历杭(hang)、相二州,政清毅,吏下(xia)无敢(gan)犯者。迁洛州长史(shi)。
睿(rui)宗立(li),以吏部尚书、同(tong)中书门下三品(pin)(pin)。玄宗在东宫,兼右(you)庶(shu)子。先(xian)是崔湜(shi)、郑愔(yin)典(dian)选,为(wei)戚(qi)近干夺,至(zhi)迎用二岁阙,犹不能给,更置比冬选,流(liu)品(pin)(pin)淆并(bing),璟与侍郎李乂、卢从愿澄革(ge)之,铨总平(ping)允。
太平公(gong)主不利东宫,尝驻辇光范门(men),伺(si)执政(zheng)以讽(feng)。璟曰(yue):“太子(zi)有大功(gong),宗朝(chao)社(she)稷(ji)主也,安得异议?”乃与姚崇(chong)白奏出公(gong)主诸王于外,帝(di)不能(neng)用。贬(bian)楚州(zhou)刺史,历(li)兗冀魏三州(zhou)、河北按察使,进幽州(zhou)都督,以国子(zi)祭酒(jiu)留守(shou)东都,迁雍州(zhou)长史。
玄宗开元初,以雍州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)为(wei)京(jing)兆府,复(fu)为(wei)尹。进御史大夫,坐小累为(wei)睦州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史,徙(xi)广(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)都督。广(guang)人以竹茅茨屋(wu),多火。璟教(jiao)之陶瓦筑堵(du),列(lie)邸肆,越俗始知栋宇利而无患(huan)灾。召(zhao)拜(bai)刑部尚书。四年,迁吏部兼侍中(zhong)。
帝幸东都,次崤谷(gu),驰道(dao)隘,稽拥车(che)骑(qi),帝命黜河南尹李朝隐、知顿使王怡等官(guan)。璟(jing)(jing)曰(yue):“陛下(xia)富春秋,今始(shi)巡守,以(yi)(yi)道(dao)不治而罪二臣(chen),繇此相饬(chi),后有受其(qi)(qi)蔽(bi)者。”帝遽(ju)命舍之。璟(jing)(jing)谢曰(yue):“陛下(xia)向以(yi)(yi)怒责之,以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)言(yan)免(mian)之,是过归于(yu)上而恩在下(xia)。姑听待罪于(yu)朝,然(ran)后诏还其(qi)(qi)职(zhi),进退得矣。”帝善之。累封广(guang)(guang)平郡(jun)公。广(guang)(guang)人(ren)为璟(jing)(jing)立遗(yi)爱颂(song),璟(jing)(jing)上言(yan):“颂(song)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)传德载(zai)功(gong)也。臣(chen)之治不足(zu)纪,广(guang)(guang)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)当国(guo),故为溢辞,徒成谄谀(yu)者。欲(yu)厘正之,请自臣(chen)始(shi)。”有诏许(xu)停(ting)。
帝(di)尝命璟(jing)与苏颋制皇子(zi)名与公主号,遂差次(ci)所封(feng),且(qie)诏别(bie)(bie)(bie)择一(yi)美称及佳邑封(feng)上(shang)。璟(jing)奏言:“七(qi)子(zi)均养(yang),诗(shi)人(ren)所称。今(jin)若同等别(bie)(bie)(bie)封(feng),或(huo)母(mu)宠子(zi)爱,恐伤跂鸠之平。昔袁盎引却慎夫人(ren)席,文帝(di)纳之,夫人(ren)亦不为嫌(xian),以其得长久计也(ye)。臣不敢别(bie)(bie)(bie)封(feng)。”帝(di)叹(tan)重其贤。
皇(huang)后父王仁籞卒(zu),将葬(zang)(zang)(zang),用昭(zhao)成皇(huang)后家窦孝谌故(gu)事,坟(fen)高五丈一尺。璟等请如著令(ling),帝(di)已然可,明日,复诏如孝谌者(zhe)。璟还诏曰:“俭(jian),德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恭;侈,恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大也。僭(jian)礼(li)(li)厚葬(zang)(zang)(zang),前世所诫(jie),故(gu)古(gu)墓而不(bu)(bu)(bu)坟(fen)。人(ren)(ren)子于(yu)哀迷则未(wei)遑以(yi)礼(li)(li)自制(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)圣人(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)齐、斩、缌、免,衣衾棺郭,各有度数。虽有贤者(zhe),断(duan)其(qi)(qi)私怀。众皆(jie)务奢,独(du)能以(yi)俭(jian),所谓(wei)至德(de)要道者(zhe)。中(zhong)(zhong)宫若谓(wei)孝谌逾制(zhi)(zhi),初无(wu)非者(zhe),一切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)固(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)法。贞观时(shi)嫁长乐(le)公主,魏徵谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可加长公主,太宗欣纳,而文(wen)德(de)皇(huang)后降使厚谢。韦(wei)庶人(ren)(ren)追王其(qi)(qi)父,擅作,酆陵,而祸不(bu)(bu)(bu)旋踵。国家知人(ren)(ren)情无(wu)穷,故(gu)为(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)度,不(bu)(bu)(bu)因人(ren)(ren)以(yi)摇动,不(bu)(bu)(bu)变法以(yi)爱憎。比来人(ren)(ren)间竞务靡葬(zang)(zang)(zang),今以(yi)后父重戚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)忧乏用,高冢(zhong)大寝,不(bu)(bu)(bu)畏无(wu)人(ren)(ren),百(bai)事官给,一朝可就,而区区屡(lv)闻(wen)者(zhe),欲(yu)成朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政、中(zhong)(zhong)宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)尔。傥中(zhong)(zhong)宫情不(bu)(bu)(bu)可夺,请准令(ling)一品陪陵,坟(fen)四(si)丈,差合(he)所宜。”帝(di)曰:“朕常欲(yu)正身纪纲(gang)天下,于(yu)后容有私邪?然人(ren)(ren)所难言,公等乃能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”即(ji)可其(qi)(qi)奏。又(you)遣使赉彩绢(juan)四(si)百(bai)匹(pi)。
会日食,帝(di)素服(fu)俟变,录(lu)囚多所(suo)贷遣,赈恤灾患,罢不急之务。璟曰:“陛下降德(de)音,恤人隐,末(mo)宥(you)轻(qing)系,惟流、死不免,此(ci)古所(suo)以(yi)(yi)慎赦也。恐议者直以(yi)(yi)月蚀修刑,日蚀修德(de),或言(yan)分野之变,冀有揣合。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)君(jun)子道(dao)长,小人道(dao)销。止女谒,放谗夫,此(ci)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)修德(de)也。囹圄不扰,兵甲不渎(du),官不苛治,军不轻(qing)进,此(ci)所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)修刑也。陛下常以(yi)(yi)为念(nian),虽(sui)有亏食,将转而为福(fu),又(you)何患乎?且君(jun)子耻言(yan)浮于(yu)行,愿劝天以(yi)(yi)诚,无(wu)事空文。”帝(di)嘉纳(na)。后以(yi)(yi)开府仪同三司罢政事。
京(jing)兆人权梁山谋逆,敕河南尹(yin)王怡驰传往按。牢(lao)械(xie)充满,久未决,乃命璟为京(jing)留守(shou),覆(fu)其狱。初,梁山诡称婚集,多假(jia)贷(dai),吏(li)欲并坐(zuo)贷(dai)人。璟曰:“婚礼借索大同(tong),而(er)(er)狂谋率然,非所防亿。使知而(er)(er)不假(jia),是与为反。贷(dai)者弗知,何罪(zui)之云?”平(ping)纵数(shu)百(bai)人。
十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian),东巡(xun)泰山,璟(jing)复为留守。帝将发,谓(wei)曰:“卿,国元老(lao),别方历时,宜有嘉谋以遗朕(zhen)。”璟(jing)因一二(er)(er)极言。手制答曰:“所进当书(shu)之坐右,出入观省,以诫终身。”赐赉优渥,进兼吏(li)部尚书(shu)。十(shi)七年(nian)。为尚书(shu)右丞相,而张说为左(zuo)丞相,源乾曜为太(tai)(tai)子少傅(fu),同日拜。有诏(zhao)(zhao)太(tai)(tai)官设馔,太(tai)(tai)常(chang)奏乐,会百官尚书(shu)省东堂。帝赋三(san)杰(jie)诗(shi),自写以赐。二(er)(er)十(shi)年(nian),请致仕,许(xu)之,仍(reng)赐全禄(lu)。退居洛。乘舆东幸,璟(jing)谒道左(zuo)。诏(zhao)(zhao)荣王劳问,别遣使赐药饵。二(er)(er)十(shi)五年(nian)卒,年(nian)七十(shi)五,赠太(tai)(tai)尉,谥文贞(zhen)。
璟(jing)(jing)风度凝远(yuan),人(ren)莫涯其(qi)量。始(shi),自(zi)广(guang)州入朝,帝(di)遣内侍杨(yang)思勖驿迓之。未尝交一言(yan)。思勖自(zi)以(yi)将军贵(gui)幸,诉之帝(di),帝(di)益嗟重(zhong)。璟(jing)(jing)为宰相,务清(qing)政(zheng)刑,使官人(ren)皆任职(zhi)。圣历后(hou),突厥默啜负其(qi)强,数窥边,侵九姓拔(ba)曳(ye)固,负胜轻出,为其(qi)狙击斩之,入蕃使郝灵(ling)亻传其(qi)首京师。灵(ling)佺(quan)自(zi)谓还必厚见(jian)赏。璟(jing)(jing)顾天(tian)子方少,恐后(hou)干宠蹈(dao)利(li)者夸威武(wu),为国生事,故抑之,逾年(nian),才(cai)授(shou)右武(wu)卫郎将,灵(ling)佺(quan)恚愤不(bu)食(shi)死(si)。张嘉贞后(hou)为相,阅堂案,见(jian)其(qi)危(wei)言(yan)切议(yi),未尝不(bu)失声叹息。六子:升(sheng)、尚、浑、恕、华、衡(heng)。
升,太(tai)仆少(shao)卿。尚,汉东太(tai)守。浑(hun),与李林甫善(shan),历谏(jian)议(yi)大夫、平原太(tai)守、御史中(zhong)丞(cheng)、东京采访(fang)使(shi)。在平原,暴敛求进(jin),至(zhi)重取民一年庸(yong)、租。使(shi)东畿,薛稷甥女郑寡而美,浑(hun)使(shi)南(nan)尉杨朝宗(zong)聘而己纳之(zhi),荐朝宗(zong)为赤尉。恕,以都官郎中(zhong)为剑南(nan)采访(fang)判官,数贪纵(zong)不法,阴(yin)养(yang)刺客。天宝中(zhong),浑(hun)、恕、尚并以赃败,浑(hun)流高(gao)要,恕流海康(kang),尚贬临海长史。华(hua)、衡亦皆坐贪得罪。广德中(zhong),浑(hun)起为太(tai)子谕德。物议(yi)秽薄之(zhi),流死江(jiang)岭。昆弟皆荒饮俳嬉,而衡最(zui)险悖,广平之(zhi)风衰焉。
赞曰:姚崇(chong)以(yi)十(shi)事要说(shuo)天(tian)子而后辅政(zheng),顾不(bu)伟哉,而旧史不(bu)传。观开元初皆已(yi)施行(xing),信不(bu)诬已(yi)。宋璟(jing)刚正又(you)过于崇(chong),玄宗(zong)素所尊惮,常(chang)屈意听纳。故唐(tang)史臣称(cheng)崇(chong)善应变以(yi)成天(tian)下(xia)之务,璟(jing)善守文以(yi)持天(tian)下(xia)之正。二人道不(bu)同,同归于治,此天(tian)所以(yi)佐(zuo)唐(tang)使中兴(xing)也。呜呼(hu)!崇(chong)劝天(tian)子不(bu)求边(bian)功,璟(jing)不(bu)肯赏边(bian)臣,而天(tian)宝之乱(luan),卒蹈其害,可谓先见(jian)矣(yi)。然唐(tang)三百年,辅弼者不(bu)为少,独前(qian)称(cheng)房、杜,后称(cheng)姚、宋,何(he)哉?君臣之遇(yu)合,盖难矣(yi)夫!
更多有关新唐书 二十四史 的资料