列传(chuan)第二十一 房(fang)杜
房玄龄,字乔,齐州临淄人。父彦谦,仕隋,历司隶刺史。玄龄幼警敏,贯综坟籍,善属文,书兼草隶。开皇中,天下混壹,皆谓隋祚方永,玄龄密白父曰:“上无功德,徒以周近亲,妄诛杀,攘神器有之,不为子孙立长久计,淆置嫡庶,竞侈僭,相倾阋,终当内相诛夷。视今虽平,其亡,跬可须也。”彦谦惊曰:无妄言!”年十八,举进士。授羽骑尉,校仇秘书省。吏部侍郎高孝基名知人,谓裴矩曰:“仆观人多矣,未有如此郎者,当为国器,但恨不见其耸壑昂霄云。”补隰城尉。汉王谅反,坐累,徙上郡。顾中原方乱,慨然有忧天下志。会父疾,绵十旬,不解衣;及丧,勺饮不入口五日。
太宗(zong)以燉煌公徇渭北(bei),杖策上谒军门,一见如旧(jiu),署渭北(bei)道行(xing)军记(ji)(ji)室参军。公为秦王,即(ji)授府记(ji)(ji)室,封临淄侯。征伐(fa)未尝不从(cong),众争取怪珍,玄龄独收人(ren)物致幕府,与诸将密相申结,人(ren)人(ren)愿尽死力。王尝曰:“汉光武(wu)得邓(deng)禹(yu),门人(ren)益亲(qin)。今我(wo)有玄龄,犹禹(yu)也。”居府出入十年,军符府檄(xi),或驻马即(ji)办,文约理(li)尽,初不著稿。高祖曰:“若人(ren)机(ji)识,是宜委任。每(mei)为吾(wu)儿陈事,千里外犹对面语。”
隐太子与(yu)王有隙,王召(zhao)玄龄(ling)与(yu)计(ji)(ji),对(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“国(guo)难世有,惟(wei)圣人(ren)克之。大(da)王功(gong)盖天下,非特人(ren)谋,神且(qie)相之。”乃引杜如(ru)晦协判大(da)计(ji)(ji)。累进陕东道大(da)行台考功(gong)郎(lang)中(zhong)(zhong)、文学(xue)馆学(xue)士(shi)。故太子忌二(er)人(ren)者(zhe),奇谮于(yu)帝(di)(di),皆(jie)(jie)斥逐(zhu)还(hai)第。太子将有变,王召(zhao)二(er)人(ren)以方士(shi)服入,夜计(ji)(ji)事(shi)。事(shi)平(ping),王为皇太子,擢右庶(shu)子。太子即位,为中(zhong)(zhong)书令。第功(gong)班赏,与(yu)如(ru)晦、长孙无(wu)忌、尉迟敬德(de)、侯君(jun)集功(gong)第一(yi),进爵(jue)邗(han)国(guo)公,食邑(yi)千(qian)三百户,余皆(jie)(jie)次叙封拜。帝(di)(di)顾群臣曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“朕论公等(deng)功(gong),定封邑(yi),恐(kong)不(bu)(bu)能尽,当无(wu)有讳,各为朕言之。”淮安(an)王神通(tong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“义(yi)师起,臣兵最先(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)(zhi),今玄龄(ling)等(deng)以刀笔(bi)吏居第一(yi),臣所(suo)未(wei)(wei)喻。”帝(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“叔父兵诚先(xian)(xian)(xian)至(zhi)(zhi),然未(wei)(wei)尝躬行阵劳,故建德(de)之南,军(jun)败不(bu)(bu)振(zhen),讨黑闼反动(dong),望风辄奔。今玄龄(ling)等(deng)有决(jue)胜帷幄(wo)、定社(she)稷功(gong),此萧何所(suo)以先(xian)(xian)(xian)诸将也。叔父以亲(qin),宜无(wu)爱者(zhe),顾不(bu)(bu)可缘私与(yu)功(gong)臣竞先(xian)(xian)(xian)后尔(er)。”初,将军(jun)丘师利等(deng)皆(jie)(jie)怙(hu)跋攘袂(mei),或指画自陈说,见神通(tong)愧(kui)屈,乃曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“陛下至(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)私其(qi)亲(qin),吾属可妄诉邪!”
进(jin)尚书左仆(pu)射(she),监修国史,更封魏(wei)。帝曰:“公为仆(pu)射(she),当助(zhu)朕(zhen)广耳目,访贤材。此(ci)闻阅(yue)牒讼日数(shu)百,岂暇求人哉?”乃敕(chi)细务属左右丞,大事关仆(pu)射(she)。
帝(di)尝(chang)问:“创(chuang)(chuang)业、守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)孰难(nan)?”玄龄曰:“方(fang)时草昧,群(qun)雄竞逐,攻破乃(nai)降,战(zhan)胜乃(nai)克,创(chuang)(chuang)业则(ze)难(nan)。”魏徵曰:“王(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,必(bi)乘衰乱,覆昏暴,殆天(tian)(tian)授人与者。既得(de)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),则(ze)安于(yu)骄(jiao)逸。人欲静,徭役毒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);世方(fang)敝,裒刻穷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。国繇(zhou)此衰,则(ze)守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)为(wei)难(nan)。”帝(di)曰:“玄龄从我定(ding)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),冒(mao)百死(si),遇一生(sheng),见创(chuang)(chuang)业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan)。徵与我安天(tian)(tian)下(xia),畏(wei)富贵(gui)则(ze)骄(jiao),骄(jiao)则(ze)怠,怠则(ze)亡,见守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不为(wei)易(yi)(yi)。然创(chuang)(chuang)业之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不易(yi)(yi),既往矣;守(shou)(shou)文(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难(nan),方(fang)与公等慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
会诏大臣(chen)世袭(xi),授(shou)宋州刺史,徙国(guo)梁(liang),而(er)群臣(chen)让(rang)(rang)世袭(xi)事(shi)(shi),故(gu)罢刺史,遂为梁(liang)国(guo)公。未(wei)几,加太(tai)子少(shao)师(shi)。始诣东(dong)宫,皇(huang)太(tai)子欲(yu)拜之(zhi),玄龄(ling)让(rang)(rang)不敢谒,乃止。居宰相积十五年,女为王(wang)妃,男(nan)尚主,自(zi)以权宠(chong)隆极,累表辞位,诏不听。顷之(zhi),进司(si)空,仍(reng)总朝政。玄龄(ling)固辞,帝遣使谓曰:“让(rang)(rang),诚(cheng)美德也。然国(guo)家(jia)相眷赖久,一日去(qu)良弼,如亡(wang)左右手(shou)。顾(gu)公筋力未(wei)衰,毋多让(rang)(rang)!”晋王(wang)为皇(huang)太(tai)子,改太(tai)子太(tai)傅(fu),知门(men)下省事(shi)(shi)。以母丧,赐茔昭陵(ling)园。起(qi)复其官。会伐辽(liao),留(liu)守(shou)京师(shi)。诏曰:“公当萧何之(zhi)任,朕无西顾(gu)忧矣(yi)。”凡粮(liang)械飞输,军伍行留(liu),悉(xi)裁总之(zhi)。玄龄(ling)数上书劝帝,愿毋轻敌(di),久事(shi)(shi)外(wai)夷。固辞太(tai)子太(tai)傅(fu),见听。
晚(wan)节多病,时帝(di)幸玉华宫,诏玄(xuan)(xuan)龄居守,听卧治事。稍棘(ji),召许肩舆入(ru)殿,帝(di)视流(liu)涕,玄(xuan)(xuan)龄亦(yi)感咽(yan)不(bu)自胜。命尚医(yi)临候,尚食(shi)供膳,日奏起居状。少(shao)损,即喜见于色。玄(xuan)(xuan)龄顾(gu)诸子曰(yue):“今(jin)天下事无不(bu)得,惟讨高丽未止(zhi),上(shang)含(han)怒意决,群臣莫敢谏,吾而不(bu)言(yan),抱(bao)愧没地矣!”遂上(shang)疏曰(yue):
上古所不(bu)臣者(zhe),陛下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)臣之;所不(bu)制者(zhe),陛下(xia)(xia)皆(jie)制之矣(yi),为中国患,无如突(tu)厥(jue),而大小可汗相次束(shu)手,弛辫握刀,分典禁卫。延陀、铁勒,披置州县;高昌、吐浑,偏师扫除。惟高丽历(li)代逋(bu)命,莫克穷讨。陛下(xia)(xia)责其(qi)弑(shi)逆,身自将六军,径(jing)荒裔(yi),不(bu)旬日拔辽东,虏获数十万,残众、孽君缩气不(bu)敢息,可谓功(gong)倍前世矣(yi)。
《易》曰:“知(zhi)进(jin)退存亡不(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)正者(zhe),其(qi)(qi)惟圣(sheng)人乎!”盖进(jin)有退之(zhi)(zhi)义,存有亡之(zhi)(zhi)机,得有丧之(zhi)(zhi)理(li),为(wei)陛(bi)下惜(xi)者(zhe)此也(ye)。傅曰:“知(zhi)足不(bu)(bu)辱,知(zhi)止不(bu)(bu)殆(dai)。”陛(bi)下威名(ming)功烈既云足矣,拓地(di)开疆亦可止矣。边夷丑种,不(bu)(bu)足待以仁义,责以常礼,古者(zhe)以禽鱼畜(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)。必(bi)绝(jue)其(qi)(qi)类,恐兽(shou)穷(qiong)则搏,苟救其(qi)(qi)死(si)。且陛(bi)下每决死(si)罪(zui),必(bi)三(san)覆五奏,进(jin)疏(shu)食,停(ting)音乐,以人命之(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)为(wei)感动(dong)也(ye)。今士无一罪(zui),驱之(zhi)(zhi)行阵之(zhi)(zhi)间,委(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)锋(feng)镝之(zhi)(zhi)下,使(shi)肝脑涂地(di),老父孤(gu)子、寡妻慈母望槥车,抱枯(ku)骨,摧心(xin)掩泣,其(qi)(qi)所以变动(dong)阴阳,伤害和(he)气,实天下之(zhi)(zhi)痛也(ye)。使(shi)高(gao)丽(li)违失(shi)臣(chen)(chen)节,诛之(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye);侵扰百姓,灭之(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye);能为(wei)后世(shi)患,夷之(zhi)(zhi)可也(ye)。今无是三(san)者(zhe),而坐(zuo)敝中国,为(wei)旧王(wang)雪耻,新罗报仇(chou),非所存小、所损(sun)大乎?臣(chen)(chen)愿下沛(pei)然之(zhi)(zhi)诏,许高(gao)丽(li)自新,焚陵波(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)船,罢应募之(zhi)(zhi)众,即(ji)臣(chen)(chen)死(si)骨不(bu)(bu)朽。
帝得疏(shu),谓高阳公主曰(yue):“是(shi)已(yi)危慑,尚能忧吾国事乎!”
疾甚,帝命凿苑垣以便候问,亲(qin)握手与(yu)决。诏(zhao)皇太子就省。擢子遗爱右卫中郎将(jiang),遗则朝散(san)大夫,令及见之。薨,年(nian)七十一,赠太尉、并(bing)州都督,谥曰文昭,给班(ban)剑、羽(yu)葆、鼓(gu)吹(chui)、绢布二(er)(er)千(qian)段、粟二(er)(er)千(qian)斛,陪葬昭陵。高宗诏(zhao)配(pei)享太宗庙廷。
玄龄当(dang)国(guo),夙夜勤强,任公竭节,不欲一物失(shi)所。无媢忌,闻人(ren)(ren)善,若己(ji)有(you)之。明达吏治,而缘饰(shi)以文雅,议(yi)法处令(ling),务(wu)为宽平。不以己(ji)长望人(ren)(ren),取人(ren)(ren)不求备,虽卑贱皆得尽所能。或以事(shi)被让,必稽颡(sang)请(qing)罪(zui),畏惕,视若无所容。
贞观(guan)(guan)末年,以谴还第(di),黄门侍(shi)郎褚遂良言于(yu)帝(di)曰(yue):“玄(xuan)龄(ling)事(shi)(shi)君(jun)自无所负,不(bu)可(ke)以一眚便示斥外,非天子(zi)任(ren)大臣意。”帝(di)悟,遽(ju)召于(yu)家。后(hou)避位(wei)不(bu)出。久(jiu)之,会帝(di)幸芙蓉园观(guan)(guan)风俗,玄(xuan)龄(ling)敕子(zi)弟汛扫(sao)廷堂,曰(yue):“乘舆且临(lin)幸。”有顷,帝(di)果幸其第(di),因载玄(xuan)龄(ling)还宫(gong)。帝(di)在翠微宫(gong),以司农(nong)卿李纬为(wei)民部尚(shang)书(shu),会有自京(jing)师来者,帝(di)曰(yue):“玄(xuan)龄(ling)闻纬为(wei)尚(shang)书(shu)谓何(he)?”曰(yue):“惟称(cheng)纬好须,无它(ta)语。”帝(di)遽(ju)改太(tai)子(zi)詹事(shi)(shi)。帝(di)讨辽,玄(xuan)龄(ling)守京(jing)师,有男子(zi)上急变,玄(xuan)龄(ling)诘状,曰(yue):“我乃告公(gong)。”玄(xuan)龄(ling)驿遣追帝(di),帝(di)视奏已(yi),斩(zhan)男子(zi)。下诏责曰(yue):“公(gong)何(he)不(bu)自信!”其委任(ren)类如此。
治家有法(fa)度(du),常恐诸子(zi)骄侈,席势凌人(ren),乃集古今家诫,书(shu)为(wei)屏风,令(ling)各取一具,曰:“留意于此(ci),足以(yi)保躬矣!汉袁氏累叶忠(zhong)节,吾心所尚,尔宜师之。”子(zi)遗直嗣。
次子遗(yi)(yi)(yi)爱(ai),诞(dan)率无学,有(you)武力。尚高阳公主(zhu)(zhu),为右卫将军。公主(zhu)(zhu),帝所爱(ai),故礼(li)与它婿绝。主(zhu)(zhu)骄蹇,疾遗(yi)(yi)(yi)直任嫡,遗(yi)(yi)(yi)直惧,让爵(jue),帝不许。主(zhu)(zhu)稍失(shi)爱(ai),意怏(yang)怏(yang)。与浮(fu)屠(tu)辩机(ji)乱,帝怒,斩浮(fu)屠(tu),杀(sha)奴(nu)婢数(shu)十人,主(zhu)(zhu)怨望,帝崩,哭不哀。高宗时(shi),出遗(yi)(yi)(yi)直汴(bian)州刺史,遗(yi)(yi)(yi)爱(ai)房(fang)州刺史。主(zhu)(zhu)又诬遗(yi)(yi)(yi)直罪,帝敕长孙无忌鞫治,乃得主(zhu)(zhu)与遗(yi)(yi)(yi)爱(ai)反状,遗(yi)(yi)(yi)爱(ai)伏(fu)诛,主(zhu)(zhu)赐死。遗(yi)(yi)(yi)直以先勋免,贬铜(tong)陵尉。诏停(ting)配享(xiang)。
杜如晦(hui),字(zi)克(ke)明,京兆杜陵人。祖果,有名周、隋(sui)间。如晦(hui)少(shao)英爽,喜书,以风流自命,内负大(da)节(jie),临机辄断。隋(sui)大(da)业(ye)中,预吏部选,侍郎高孝基异之,曰:“君(jun)当为栋梁用(yong),愿(yuan)保(bao)令德(de)。”因(yin)补滏阳尉,弃官(guan)去。
高祖平(ping)京师(shi),秦王(wang)引为府(fu)兵曹参(can)军,徙陕州总(zong)管府(fu)长史。时府(fu)属多外(wai)迁(qian),王(wang)患之(zhi)。房(fang)玄龄曰(yue):“去(qu)者虽多,不足吝(lin),如晦(hui)王(wang)佐才也(ye)。大(da)王(wang)若终守籓,无(wu)所(suo)事;必欲经营(ying)四(si)方(fang),舍如晦(hui)无(wu)共功者。”王(wang)惊曰(yue):“非公(gong)言,我(wo)几(ji)失(shi)之(zhi)!”因表留幕府(fu)。从征伐(fa),常参(can)帷幄机秘。方(fang)多事,裁处无(wu)留,僚属共才之(zhi),莫见所(suo)涯。进(jin)陕东道大(da)行(xing)台司(si)勋郎中(zhong),封建平(ping)县男,兼文学馆学士。天策府(fu)建,为中(zhong)郎。王(wang)为皇太(tai)子(zi),授左庶子(zi),迁(qian)兵部(bu)(bu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu),进(jin)封蔡国(guo)公(gong),食三千(qian)户,别食益州千(qian)三百户。俄检校侍中(zhong),摄(she)吏部(bu)(bu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu),总(zong)监东宫兵,进(jin)位尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)右(you)仆(pu)射,仍领选。
与玄(xuan)(xuan)龄共筦朝政(zheng),引(yin)士贤者(zhe)(zhe),下不(bu)肖,咸得(de)职(zhi),当(dang)时(shi)浩然归重(zhong)。监察(cha)御史陈师合上《拔(ba)士论(lun)》,谓一人不(bu)可总数职(zhi),阴剀讽如晦等(deng)。帝(di)曰:“玄(xuan)(xuan)龄、如晦不(bu)以勋(xun)旧进,特其才可与治天下者(zhe)(zhe),师合欲以此离间吾君臣邪?”斥岭表(biao)。
久之,以(yi)疾辞职,诏(zhao)给常俸(feng)就第,医候之使(shi)道相属。会(hui)病(bing)力,诏(zhao)皇太子就问(wen),帝亲至(zhi)其家,抚之梗塞。及未乱,擢(zhuo)其子左(zuo)千牛构兼(jian)尚舍奉(feng)御(yu)。薨,年四十(shi)六,帝哭为(wei)恸,赠(zeng)开府仪(yi)同三司。及葬(zang),加司空(kong),谥曰(yue)成。手诏(zhao)虞世南勒文于碑(bei),使(shi)言君(jun)臣痛悼意。
它日,食瓜(gua)美,辍(chuo)其(qi)半(ban)奠焉。尝赐玄(xuan)(xuan)龄黄(huang)银(yin)(yin)带(dai),曰(yue):“如晦与公同辅朕,今独见(jian)公。”泫然流(liu)泪(lei)曰(yue):“世傅黄(huang)银(yin)(yin)鬼神畏之。”更取金带(dai),遣玄(xuan)(xuan)龄送其(qi)家。后(hou)忽梦(meng)如晦若平生,明日为玄(xuan)(xuan)龄言之,敕(chi)所御馔往(wang)祭。明年(nian)之祥(xiang),遣尚(shang)宫劳问妻子,国府(fu)官(guan)佐亦(yi)不之罢(ba),恩礼(li)无少衰(shuai)。后(hou)诏功臣(chen)世袭,追赠密州(zhou)刺史,徙(xi)国莱。
方为相时(shi),天下新定,台阁制(zhi)度,宪物容典(dian),率二人讨裁(cai)。每议事帝所,玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)必(bi)曰(yue):“非如晦(hui)莫筹之。”及如晦(hui)至,卒用(yong)玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)策也。盖(gai)如晦(hui)长于(yu)断(duan),而玄(xuan)(xuan)龄(ling)善(shan)谋,两人深(shen)相知,故能(neng)同心济(ji)谋,以佐(zuo)佑帝,当世语良相,必(bi)曰(yue)房、杜云。
构位(wei)慈州刺史。次(ci)子荷,性暴(bao)诡不循法,尚(shang)城阳公主,官至尚(shang)乘奉御,封襄阳郡公。承乾谋反(fan),荷曰:“琅邪颜(yan)利仁(ren)善星(xing)数,言天有变,宜(yi)建大事(shi),陛下当为太上皇。请(qing)称疾,上必临问,可以得志。”及败,坐诛(zhu)。临刑(xing),意象轩骜(ao)。构以累贬死岭表。
如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)弟楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke),少尚(shang)奇(qi)节,与叔(shu)父淹(yan)皆没于(yu)(yu)王世充。淹(yan)与如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)有隙,谮(jian)其兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)杀之,并囚楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke)濒死。世充平,淹(yan)当诛。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke)请于(yu)(yu)如(ru)晦(hui)(hui),不许。楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke)曰(yue):“叔(shu)残兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong),今兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)又弃叔(shu),门内几(ji)尽(jin),岂(qi)不痛(tong)哉!”如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)感悟,请之高(gao)祖(zu),得释。方建成难(nan)作,楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke)遁舍嵩山(shan)。贞观四(si)年(nian),召为(wei)(wei)(wei)给事(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)。太宗曰(yue):“君居山(shan)似之矣,谓(wei)非宰相不起,渠(qu)然邪?夫(fu)走远者自近,人不恤无官,患才不副(fu)。而兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)与我异支一心者,尔当如(ru)兄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)事(shi)(shi)吾(wu)而辅(fu)我。”楚(chu)(chu)(chu)客(ke)顿(dun)首谢,因擢为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)郎(lang)将。每入直,尽(jin)夕不释杖,帝知而劳之,进(jin)蒲州刺史,政有能名,徙瀛州。后为(wei)(wei)(wei)魏王府长史,迁(qian)工部尚(shang)书(shu),摄府事(shi)(shi),以威肃闻。揣(chuai)帝意薄承(cheng)乾,乃为(wei)(wei)(wei)王谐媚用(yong)事(shi)(shi)臣,数言王聪睿可(ke)为(wei)(wei)(wei)嗣(si),人或以闻,帝隐恚。及王贬爵,暴(bao)其罪,以如(ru)晦(hui)(hui)功免死,废(fei)于(yu)(yu)家(jia),终虔化令。
淹(yan)(yan)(yan),字(zi)执礼,材辩(bian)多(duo)闻(wen),有(you)美名(ming)。隋开皇中,与其(qi)(qi)友(you)韦(wei)福嗣谋曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“上好用隐(yin)民(min),苏威以(yi)隐(yin)者召,得(de)美官(guan)。”乃共入太白山,为不(bu)(bu)(bu)仕者。文(wen)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恶(e)之(zhi),谪戍江(jiang)表。赦还,高孝基为雍州司(si)马,荐授承奉郎,擢累(lei)御(yu)史(shi)中丞。王世(shi)充(chong)僭(jian)号,署少(shao)吏部(bu),颇亲(qin)近(jin)用事(shi)。洛(luo)阳平,不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)调,欲(yu)往事(shi)隐(yin)太子。时(shi)封伦领选,以(yi)谂房玄龄,玄龄恐失之(zhi),白秦王,引(yin)为天策府兵曹参军(jun)、文(wen)学馆学士。尝(chang)侍(shi)宴,赋诗尤工(gong),赐银钟。庆州总(zong)管杨文(wen)干反,辞(ci)连太子,归罪淹(yan)(yan)(yan)及王珪、韦(wei)挺,并流越巂(sui),王知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)诬,饷黄(huang)金三(san)百(bai)两(liang)。及践阼,召为御(yu)史(shi)大夫,封安吉(ji)郡公(gong),食四百(bai)户。淹(yan)(yan)(yan)建(jian)言诸(zhu)司(si)文(wen)桉稽期,请以(yi)御(yu)史(shi)检促。太宗(zong)以(yi)问仆射(she)(she)封伦,伦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“设官(guan)各(ge)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)事(shi)治,御(yu)史(shi)劾不(bu)(bu)(bu)法,而索桉求疵,是太苛,且侵官(guan)。”淹(yan)(yan)(yan)嘿然(ran)(ran)。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“何(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)申执?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“伦所引(yin)国大体,臣(chen)伏其(qi)(qi)议,又(you)何(he)(he)(he)(he)言?”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)悦(yue),以(yi)资博练(lian),帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)敕东宫仪典簿(bu)最悉听淹(yan)(yan)(yan)裁(cai)订。俄检校吏部(bu)尚书(shu)(shu),参豫朝(chao)政。所荐赢四十人,后皆(jie)知(zhi)名(ming)。尝(chang)白郅怀(huai)道可用,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)问状(zhuang)。淹(yan)(yan)(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“怀(huai)道及隋时(shi)位吏部(bu)主事(shi),方炀(yang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)幸江(jiang)都,群臣(chen)迎(ying)阿,独怀(huai)道执不(bu)(bu)(bu)可。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)时(shi)何(he)(he)(he)(he)云?”曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)与众(zhong)。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)折曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“事(shi)君有(you)犯无(wu)隐(yin),卿(qing)直(zhi)怀(huai)道者,何(he)(he)(he)(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)谠(dang)言?”谢曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)位下,又(you)顾谏不(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong),徒死(si)无(wu)益(yi)。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“内以(yi)君不(bu)(bu)(bu)足谏,尚何(he)(he)(he)(he)仕?食隋粟(su)忘隋事(shi),忠(zhong)乎?”因(yin)顾群臣(chen):“公(gong)等谓何(he)(he)(he)(he)?”王珪曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“比干谏而死(si),孔子称仁(ren),泄冶谏亦死(si),则(ze)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘民(min)之(zhi)多(duo)僻,无(wu)自立辟(pi)。’禄重(zhong)责深,从(cong)古则(ze)然(ran)(ran)。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)在(zai)隋不(bu)(bu)(bu)谏,宜置。世(shi)充(chong)亲(qin)任,胡不(bu)(bu)(bu)言?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“固尝(chang)言,不(bu)(bu)(bu)见用。”帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“世(shi)充(chong)愎(bi)谏饰非,卿(qing)若何(he)(he)(he)(he)而免(mian)?”淹(yan)(yan)(yan)辞(ci)穷(qiong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)对。帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勉曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“今任卿(qing)已,可有(you)谏未?”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“顾死(si)无(wu)隐(yin)。”贞观二(er)年疾,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)为临问。卒,赠尚书(shu)(shu)右仆射(she)(she),谥(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)襄。始,淹(yan)(yan)(yan)典二(er)职,贵重(zhong)于朝(chao)矣,而亡(wang)清白名(ming),获(huo)讥(ji)当(dang)世(shi)。子敬同袭(xi)爵,官(guan)至鸿(hong)胪(lu)卿(qing)。
如晦(hui)五世孙元(yuan)颖,贞元(yuan)末及(ji)进士(shi)(shi)第,又(you)擢宏词。数从使府辟(pi)署,稍以(yi)右补阙为翰林学(xue)士(shi)(shi),敏文辞,宪(xian)宗特所(suo)赏欢。吴元(yuan)济平,论书(shu)诏勤,迁司(si)勋员(yuan)外郎(lang),知制诰(gao)。穆宗以(yi)元(yuan)颖多识(shi)朝章,尤被宠,拜(bai)中(zhong)书(shu)舍人、户部侍郎(lang),为学(xue)士(shi)(shi)承旨,以(yi)本官同中(zhong)书(shu)门下平章事(shi),建安县(xian)男(nan)。自帝即位,不阅岁(sui)至宰相(xiang),晋绅骇异。甫再期,出为剑南(nan)西川节度使、同平章事(shi),帝为御(yu)安福门临饯。
敬宗(zong)骄僻不君,元(yuan)颖(ying)每欲中帝意以(yi)固(gu)幸,乃(nai)(nai)巧索珍异献之(zhi)(zhi),踵相(xiang)蹑于(yu)道,百工造作无程(cheng),敛取苛重,至削军食以(yi)助裒(pou)畜。又给与不时(shi),戎人(ren)寒饥,乃(nai)(nai)仰足蛮(man)(man)徼(jiao)。于(yu)是(shi)人(ren)人(ren)咨(zi)苦(ku),反为蛮(man)(man)内觇,戎备不修。大(da)(da)和三(san)年,南(nan)诏乘虚袭戎、巂等州(zhou),诸屯闻贼(zei)至,辄溃,戍者为乡(xiang)导(dao),遂入(ru)成都(dou)。已傅城,元(yuan)颖(ying)尚不知,乃(nai)(nai)率左右婴牙城以(yi)守。贼(zei)大(da)(da)掠(lve),焚郛郭,残之(zhi)(zhi),留数日去,蜀(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)宝货、工巧、子女尽矣(yi)。初(chu),元(yuan)颖(ying)计迫,将(jiang)挺身走,会(hui)救至乃(nai)(nai)止。文宗(zong)遣使(shi)者临抚南(nan)诏,南(nan)诏上言:“蜀(shu)(shu)人(ren)祈(qi)我诛(zhu)虐帅,不能克(ke),请(qing)陛下诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)谢蜀(shu)(shu)人(ren)。”由是(shi)贬邵州(zhou)刺(ci)史。议者不厌,斥(chi)为循州(zhou)司马。官属崔璜、纥干(gan)巘、卢并悉(xi)夺(duo)秩,分逐(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。元(yuan)颖(ying)死于(yu)贬所,年六十四。将(jiang)终,表(biao)丐(gai)赠官,乞归(gui)葬。诏赠湖(hu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史。元(yuan)颖(ying)与李德裕(yu)善,会(hui)昌(chang)初(chu),德裕(yu)当国,因赦令复其(qi)官。弟元(yuan)绛(jiang),终太子宾客。元(yuan)绛(jiang)子审权。
审(shen)权(quan),字殷衡,第进(jin)士,辟浙西幕府。举拔(ba)萃中,为(wei)右(you)拾遗。宣(xuan)宗(zong)时,入(ru)翰(han)林为(wei)学(xue)士,累迁(qian)兵部侍(shi)郎(lang)、学(xue)士承旨。懿宗(zong)立,进(jin)同(tong)中书(shu)(shu)门(men)下平(ping)章事(shi)(shi),再迁(qian)门(men)下侍(shi)郎(lang),出为(wei)镇海军(jun)节(jie)度使、同(tong)平(ping)章事(shi)(shi)。庞(pang)勋(xun)乱(luan)徐州,审(shen)权(quan)与(yu)令狐(hu)綯、崔铉连(lian)师(shi)(shi)掎(ji)角,馈粟相衔,王(wang)师(shi)(shi)赖(lai)济(ji)。勋(xun)破(po),进(jin)检校司空,入(ru)为(wei)尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)左(zuo)仆(pu)射、襄阳郡公。继领河中、忠武节(jie)度使。卒,赠(zeng)太子(zi)太师(shi)(shi),谥曰德。审(shen)权(quan)清重寡言,性长(zhang)厚(hou),居(ju)翰(han)林最久,终不漏(lou)禁近(jin)语。在(zai)方(fang)镇,视事(shi)(shi)有常处,要(yao)非日(ri)入(ru)未始就内(nei)寝。坐(zuo)必敛(lian)衽(ren),常若对大宾(bin)客(ke)。或(huo)昼日(ri)少息,则顾(gu)直将(jiang)解(jie)帘;即(ji)旁无人,自(zi)起彻钩,手拥帘徐下,乃退。与(yu)杜悰俱位将(jiang)相,悰先进(jin),故世谓审(shen)权(quan)为(wei)“小杜公”。
子(zi)让能(neng),字群懿,擢进(jin)士(shi)(shi)第,从宣武王鐸府为推官,以长安尉为集贤校理。丧母,以孝闻(wen)。又辟刘鄴、牛(niu)蔚二府,稍进(jin)兵(bing)部员外郎。萧(xiao)遘(gou)领(ling)度支,引(yin)判度支按。僖(xi)宗(zong)狩蜀(shu),奔(ben)谒行在,三迁(qian)中(zhong)书(shu)(shu)舍人,召为翰林学士(shi)(shi)。方关(guan)东(dong)兵(bing)兴,调发绥徠,书(shu)(shu)诏丛浩,让能(neng)思精敏,凡号令行下,处(chu)事值机(ji),无所遗算(suan),帝(di)倚重之。从还京师,再迁(qian)兵(bing)部尚书(shu)(shu),封建平县(xian)子(zi)。
李克(ke)用(yong)兵(bing)至,帝夜出(chu)凤翔,苍(cang)黄无知者。让能(neng)方直,徒(tu)步从十(shi)余里(li),得遗(yi)马(ma),褫(chi)绅为(wei)靮乘之(zhi)。硃(zhu)玫兵(bing)逼乘舆(yu),帝走宝鸡,独让能(neng)从。翌日,孔纬等乃至。俄而进狩梁。是时(shi)栈(zhan)道(dao)(dao)为(wei)山南石君涉所(suo)毁,天子间关嶮(xian)涩,让能(neng)未尝暂去侧。帝劳曰:“朕失道(dao)(dao),再遗(yi)宗庙。方艰难时(shi),卿不(bu)少舍朕,盖古所(suo)谓忠于所(suo)事邪!”让能(neng)顿首(shou)曰:“臣世蒙国(guo)厚(hou)恩,陛下不(bu)以臣不(bu)肖,使扞牧圉(yu),临难苟免,臣之(zhi)耻(chi)也。”帝次褒中(zhong),擢兵(bing)部侍郎、同中(zhong)书门下平章事。
于时,嗣襄王煴(yun)即伪位,强籓大镇附者已(yi)十八,贡(gong)赋不输(shu)行在,无以备赏劳(lao),卫兵往(wang)往(wang)乏食,君(jun)臣搏(bo)手(shou)无它(ta)策。让能建遣大使入(ru)河(he)中,以谕王重荣,重荣果奉(feng)诏(zhao)。已(yi)而京师平,进中书侍郎(lang),徙封襄阳郡公(gong)。官吏多(duo)污(wu)伪署(shu),有司皆欲论死(si),让能以胁从(cong)不足深治,固(gu)争之,多(duo)所全贷(dai)。昭(zhao)宗(zong)立,进尚书左(zuo)仆射、晋国公(gong),赐铁(tie)券,累进太尉。
李(li)茂(mao)贞(zhen)守(shou)凤翔(xiang),自大顺后兵(bing)浸强,恃有(you)功,不奉法,朝(chao)廷弱,弗能制。会杨复恭走山(shan)南,茂(mao)贞(zhen)欲兼有(you)梁、汉(han),请以师(shi)问罪,未报而兵(bing)出(chu),帝(di)忿其专,然不得已(yi)从之(zhi)。山(shan)南平,诏茂(mao)贞(zhen)领兴元、武(wu)(wu)定,而以徐(xu)彦若为凤翔(xiang)节(jie)度使,分果、阆州隶(li)武(wu)(wu)定军。茂(mao)贞(zhen)怨,不赴镇(zhen),上章语(yu)悖慢。又诒书让(rang)(rang)能诋(di)责,以为助守(shou)亮为乱,抑忠(zhong)臣(chen),夺己功,其言丑肆。京师(shi)匈惧,日数千人守(shou)阙下,候中(zhong)尉西(xi)门重遂出(chu),请与茂(mao)贞(zhen)凤翔(xiang)地,为百姓计。答曰:“事(shi)出(chu)宰相,我(wo)无预。”茂(mao)贞(zhen)益怨。帝(di)怒,诏让(rang)(rang)能计议,且趣(qu)调发,经月不就第。
时宰(zai)相崔(cui)昭(zhao)纬(wei)阴结茂贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)及王(wang)行瑜,让(rang)能所言悉漏之,茂贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)乃以(yi)健儿数百杂市人,候昭(zhao)纬(wei)与郑延昌归第,拥肩舆(yu)噪(zao)曰(yue)(yue):“凤翔(xiang)无罪,幸公不加讨以(yi)震惊(jing)都辇!”昭(zhao)纬(wei)曰(yue)(yue):“上委杜太(tai)(tai)尉(wei),吾(wu)等(deng)何知?”市人不识(shi)孰为(wei)太(tai)(tai)尉(wei),即(ji)投(tou)瓦石妄击,昭(zhao)纬(wei)等(deng)走而免,遂丧(sang)其印。帝(di)愈怒(nu),捕首(shou)恶诛之。京师(shi)争避乱,逃山谷间(jian)。让(rang)能谏帝(di)曰(yue)(yue):“茂贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)固宜(yi)诛,然大盗适(shi)去,凤翔(xiang)国西(xi)门(men),又陛下(xia)新即(ji)位(wei),愿少宽假,以(yi)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)元故事姑息之,不可使怨望。”帝(di)曰(yue)(yue):“今诏(zhao)令不出城门(men),国制(zhi)桡弱,贾生恸哭(ku)时也(ye)。朕顾奄奄度日,坐观此(ci)邪!卿为(wei)我图之,朕自以(yi)兵属诸王(wang)。”让(rang)能曰(yue)(yue):“陛下(xia)欲削涤僭嫚,刚主威,隆王(wang)室(shi),此(ci)中(zhong)外大臣(chen)所宜(yi)共成之,不宜(yi)专任臣(chen)。”帝(di)曰(yue)(yue):“卿,元辅,休戚与我均,何所避?”泣(qi)曰(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)位(wei)宰(zai)相,所以(yi)未乞骸骨者,思(si)有以(yi)报陛下(xia),敢计身乎!且陛下(xia)之心,宪祖心也(ye),但时有所未便。它日臣(chen)蒙晁错之诛,顾不足(zu)弭七国患,然敢不奉(feng)诏(zhao)!”
景福二年(nian),以嗣(si)覃(tan)王为(wei)招讨使,神策将李钅岁副之,率师三万送彦若(ruo)赵镇。昭纬内(nei)畏(wei)有功,密语(yu)茂(mao)(mao)贞曰(yue)(yue):“上(shang)不(bu)喜兵(bing),一出(chu)太尉。”茂(mao)(mao)贞乃悉兵(bing)迎战盩(zhou)厔,覃(tan)王败,乘胜至(zhi)三桥。让能曰(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)固豫言之,臣(chen)请归死以纾(shu)难。”帝涕下(xia)不(bu)能已,曰(yue)(yue):“与卿决矣!”再(zai)贬雷州司户(hu)参(can)军。茂(mao)(mao)贞尚驻兵(bing)请必杀之,乃赐死,年(nian)五十三。
弟彦林(lin),官御史中(zhong)丞(cheng);弘徽,户部侍郎(lang),皆(jie)及诛(zhu)。帝痛(tong)之,后(hou)赠(zeng)太(tai)师。
子光乂,次子晓,不(bu)复(fu)仕(shi)。晓入梁,贵显(xian)于世。
赞(zan)(zan)曰(yue):太宗(zong)以(yi)(yi)上圣之(zhi)才,取孤隋(sui),攘群盗,天(tian)下已平,用玄龄(ling)、如晦辅政。兴大乱(luan)之(zhi)余,纪(ji)纲雕弛,而(er)(er)能兴仆植僵,使号令典刑粲然(ran)罔不完(wan),虽数百年犹蒙其(qi)功(gong),可谓(wei)名宰(zai)相。然(ran)求所(suo)以(yi)(yi)致之(zhi)之(zhi)迹,逮不可见,何哉(zai)?唐柳(liu)芳有(you)言(yan):“帝定祸乱(luan),而(er)(er)房、杜不言(yan)功(gong);王(wang)、魏善谏,而(er)(er)房、杜让其(qi)直;英、卫(wei)善兵,而(er)(er)房、杜济(ji)以(yi)(yi)文。持(chi)众美(mei)效之(zhi)君。是后,新进(jin)更用事,玄龄(ling)身处要地,不吝权,善始(shi)以(yi)(yi)终,此其(qi)成令名者(zhe)。”谅其(qi)然(ran)乎!如晦虽任(ren)事日浅,观玄龄(ling)许与及帝所(suo)亲款,则谟谋果有(you)大过人(ren)者(zhe)。方君臣(chen)明(ming)(ming)良(liang),志(zhi)叶议从,相资以(yi)(yi)成,固千(qian)载(zai)之(zhi)遇,萧、曹之(zhi)勋,不足进(jin)焉。虽然(ran),宰(zai)相所(suo)以(yi)(yi)代天(tian)者(zhe)也,辅赞(zan)(zan)弥缝而(er)(er)藏诸用,使斯人(ren)由而(er)(er)不知,非(fei)明(ming)(ming)哲曷臻是哉(zai)?彼扬己取名,了然(ran)使户晓(xiao)者(zhe),盖房、杜之(zhi)细(xi)邪!
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