志第十七下 历三下
其八《日躔盈缩略例》曰:
北齐张子信(xin)积候合蚀加时(shi),觉日行有入气(qi)差,然损益未得其正。至(zhi)(zhi)刘焯,立盈缩(suo)躔(chan)衰(shuai)术,与四象升降。《麟德历(li)》因之(zhi)(zhi),更名躔(chan)差。凡阴阳往来,皆驯(xun)积而(er)变(bian)。日南至(zhi)(zhi),其行最(zui)急(ji),急(ji)而(er)渐损,至(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)分及中而(er)后迟。迨(dai)日北至(zhi)(zhi),其行最(zui)舒,而(er)渐益之(zhi)(zhi),以至(zhi)(zhi)秋分又及中而(er)后益急(ji)。急(ji)极而(er)寒若,舒极而(er)燠若,及中而(er)雨(yu)晹之(zhi)(zhi)气(qi)交,自然之(zhi)(zhi)数也。焯术于(yu)(yu)春(chun)分前一(yi)日最(zui)急(ji),后一(yi)日最(zui)舒;秋分前一(yi)日最(zui)舒,后一(yi)日最(zui)急(ji)。舒急(ji)同于(yu)(yu)二(er)至(zhi)(zhi),而(er)中间一(yi)日平行。其说非是(shi)。当以二(er)十四气(qi)晷景,考日躔(chan)盈缩(suo)而(er)密于(yu)(yu)加时(shi)。
其九《九道议》曰:
《洪范传》云:“日有(you)中道(dao)(dao),月有(you)九(jiu)(jiu)行。”中道(dao)(dao),谓黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)也。九(jiu)(jiu)行者(zhe),青道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er),出黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)东(dong);硃道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er),出黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)南;白道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er),出黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)西;黑(hei)道(dao)(dao)二(er)(er),出黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)北(bei)。立春(chun)、春(chun)分,月东(dong)从青道(dao)(dao);立夏(xia)、夏(xia)至,月南从硃道(dao)(dao);立秋、秋分,月西从白道(dao)(dao);立冬、冬至,月北(bei)从黑(hei)道(dao)(dao)。汉(han)史官旧事,九(jiu)(jiu)道(dao)(dao)术废久,刘洪颇(po)采以(yi)著迟疾阴阳历,然本以(yi)消(xiao)息(xi)为奇(qi),而术不传。
推阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)历(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)冬至(zhi)(zhi)、夏至(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)月行青(qing)(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同(tong),而(er)(er)出(chu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)行异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)青(qing)(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)春(chun)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)东;白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)秋(qiu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)西(xi)。若(ruo)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)历(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)立(li)春(chun)、立(li)秋(qiu),则(ze)(ze)月循硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同(tong),而(er)(er)出(chu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)行异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)立(li)夏之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西(xi)南;黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)立(li)冬之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东北。若(ruo)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)历(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)春(chun)分(fen)、秋(qiu)分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),则(ze)(ze)月行硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同(tong),而(er)(er)出(chu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)行异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)硃道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)夏至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)南;黑道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)冬至(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)正(zheng)(zheng)北,若(ruo)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)历(li)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)立(li)夏、立(li)冬,则(ze)(ze)月循青(qing)(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),所(suo)(suo)(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)则(ze)(ze)同(tong),而(er)(er)出(chu)入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)行异(yi)。故(gu)(gu)青(qing)(qing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)立(li)春(chun)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)东南;白(bai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)立(li)秋(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)宿(su)(su),及(ji)(ji)其所(suo)(suo)(suo)冲(chong),皆(jie)(jie)(jie)在(zai)(zai)(zai)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)西(xi)北。其大纪皆(jie)(jie)(jie)兼二道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),而(er)(er)实分(fen)主八(ba)节(jie),合于四正(zheng)(zheng)四维。
按阴阳历(li)中(zhong)终之(zhi)所交(jiao),则(ze)月行(xing)(xing)正当黄道,去(qu)交(jiao)七日,其(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)九十一度,齐于(yu)一象(xiang)之(zhi)率,而(er)得八行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)中(zhong)。八行(xing)(xing)与中(zhong)道而(er)九,是谓九道。凡(fan)八行(xing)(xing)正于(yu)春(chun)秋,其(qi)(qi)(qi)去(qu)黄道六(liu)度,则(ze)交(jiao)在(zai)冬夏;正于(yu)冬夏,其(qi)(qi)(qi)去(qu)黄道六(liu)度,则(ze)交(jiao)在(zai)春(chun)秋。《易》九六(liu)、七八,迭(die)为终始之(zhi)象(xiang)也(ye)。乾坤定位,则(ze)八行(xing)(xing)各当其(qi)(qi)(qi)正。及其(qi)(qi)(qi)寒暑相推,晦朔相易,则(ze)在(zai)南(nan)者(zhe)变(bian)而(er)居北,在(zai)东(dong)者(zhe)徙而(er)为西,屈伸、消息之(zhi)象(xiang)也(ye)。
黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之差(cha),始(shi)自(zi)春分(fen)、秋分(fen),赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所交前(qian)后各五度为(wei)限(xian)(xian)。初(chu),黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增多(duo)赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)分(fen)之十(shi)(shi)(shi)二,每限(xian)(xian)损一(yi),极(ji)九限(xian)(xian),数终于(yu)四(si)(si),率赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五度而(er)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八度,至四(si)(si)立之际(ji),一(yi)度少强(qiang),依平。复从四(si)(si)起,初(chu)限(xian)(xian)五度,赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增多(duo)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)分(fen)之四(si)(si),每限(xian)(xian)益一(yi),极(ji)九限(xian)(xian)而(er)止,终于(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二,率赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五度而(er)黄(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二度,复得冬(dong)、夏至之中(zhong)矣。
月(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)差,始(shi)自交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初、交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)中,黄道(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)亦距交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)前后(hou)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)为限(xian)(xian)。初限(xian)(xian),月(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)增多黄道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)八分之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)二(er),每(mei)限(xian)(xian)损一,极九限(xian)(xian)而止,数终于四(si)(si)(si)(si),率黄道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)而月(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)六度(du)(du)(du)半(ban),乃(nai)一度(du)(du)(du)强(qiang),依平(ping)。复从四(si)(si)(si)(si)起(qi),初限(xian)(xian)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du),月(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)差少黄道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)八分之(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si),每(mei)限(xian)(xian)益(yi)一,极九限(xian)(xian)而止,终于十(shi)二(er),率黄道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)而月(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)三度(du)(du)(du)半(ban),至阴阳(yang)历二(er)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)半(ban)矣。凡(fan)近交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)初限(xian)(xian)增十(shi)二(er)分者,至半(ban)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)末限(xian)(xian)减十(shi)二(er)分,去交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)四(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)六度(du)(du)(du)得损益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)率。
夫日行与(yu)(yu)岁差(cha)(cha)(cha)偕迁,月(yue)(yue)行随(sui)交(jiao)限(xian)而变,遁伏(fu)相消,朓朒相补,则(ze)(ze)九(jiu)(jiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数可知矣。其(qi)月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)所(suo)交(jiao)与(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)同(tong)(tong)度(du)(du)(du),则(ze)(ze)赤(chi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、黑(hei)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)近交(jiao)初限(xian),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。至(zhi)(zhi)半交(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,其(qi)减亦如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故于(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)限(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)三(san)度(du)(du)(du),月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)一度(du)(du)(du)半,盖(gai)损(sun)益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数齐也。若所(suo)交(jiao)与(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)(si)立同(tong)(tong)度(du)(du)(du),则(ze)(ze)黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)在(zai)损(sun)益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)至(zhi)(zhi)损(sun)益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。于(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)限(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)三(san)度(du)(du)(du),月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san),皆朓朒相补也。若所(suo)交(jiao)与(yu)(yu)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)至(zhi)(zhi)同(tong)(tong)度(du)(du)(du),则(ze)(ze)青道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、白道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)近交(jiao)初限(xian),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)减二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。至(zhi)(zhi)半交(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)增二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er),月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)减四(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)分(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)。于(yu)九(jiu)(jiu)限(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际(ji)(ji),黄(huang)(huang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)与(yu)(yu)月(yue)(yue)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)差(cha)(cha)(cha)同(tong)(tong),盖(gai)遁伏(fu)相消也。
日出入赤道二(er)十(shi)四(si)度,月(yue)(yue)出入黄道六度,相距则四(si)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),故于九(jiu)道之(zhi)(zhi)变,以四(si)立为中交。在二(er)分(fen)(fen),增(zeng)(zeng)四(si)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),而(er)与黄道度相半(ban)。在二(er)至,减(jian)四(si)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),而(er)与黄道度正均。故推极其数,引而(er)伸之(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)气移一(yi)候(hou)。月(yue)(yue)道所差,增(zeng)(zeng)损九(jiu)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),七十(shi)二(er)候(hou)而(er)九(jiu)道究(jiu)矣。
凡月(yue)交一终(zhong),退前所交一度及(ji)余八万九千七(qi)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)三(san)分(fen)度之四万二(er)千五(wu)百(bai)(bai)三(san)少半,积二(er)百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)一月(yue)及(ji)分(fen)七(qi)千七(qi)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)三(san),而(er)交道周(zhou)天矣(yi)。因而(er)半之,将九年而(er)九道终(zhong)。
以(yi)四象考之(zhi),各据合朔(shuo)所(suo)交(jiao)(jiao),入(ru)七(qi)十(shi)二候。则(ze)其八道(dao)之(zhi)行也。以(yi)朔(shuo)交(jiao)(jiao)为交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu),望交(jiao)(jiao)为交(jiao)(jiao)中。若交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)在(zai)冬至(zhi)初(chu)候而(er)入(ru)阴历(li)(li),则(ze)行青道(dao)。又十(shi)三日七(qi)十(shi)六(liu)分(fen)日之(zhi)四十(shi)六(liu),至(zhi)交(jiao)(jiao)中得所(suo)冲(chong)之(zhi)宿(su),变入(ru)阳(yang)历(li)(li),亦行青道(dao)。若交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)入(ru)阳(yang)历(li)(li),则(ze)白道(dao)也。故考交(jiao)(jiao)初(chu)所(suo)入(ru),而(er)周天(tian)之(zhi)度可知。若望交(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)冬至(zhi)初(chu)候,则(ze)减十(shi)三日四十(shi)六(liu)分(fen),视大雪初(chu)候阴阳(yang)历(li)(li)而(er)正其行也。
其十《晷漏(lou)中星(xing)略例(li)》曰:
日行有南(nan)北(bei),晷漏(lou)有长短。然(ran)二十(shi)四气晷差徐疾不(bu)同(tong)(tong)者(zhe),句股使然(ran)也。直规中则差迟,与句股数齐(qi)则差急。随辰(chen)极高下(xia),所遇不(bu)同(tong)(tong),如(ru)黄(huang)道刻漏(lou)。此乃数之(zhi)(zhi)浅者(zhe),近(jin)代且犹未(wei)晓。今推(tui)黄(huang)道去极,与晷景、漏(lou)刻、昏距,中星四术返(fan)履相求,消(xiao)息同(tong)(tong)率,旋相为中,以合九服之(zhi)(zhi)变。
其十一《日(ri)蚀议》曰:
《小雅(ya)》“十月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao),朔日辛卯”。虞广刂(dao)以(yi)(yi)历(li)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)幽王六年。《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》定交(jiao)分(fen)四万三千四百二(er)十九,入蚀(shi)限,加时(shi)在(zai)昼。交(jiao)会而蚀(shi),数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常也(ye)。《诗》云:“彼月(yue)而食(shi),则(ze)维其常。此日而食(shi),云何不(bu)臧。”日,君(jun)(jun)道(dao)(dao)也(ye),无(wu)朏魄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变(bian);月(yue),臣道(dao)(dao)也(ye),远(yuan)日益(yi)明,近(jin)日益(yi)亏。望与(yu)日轨相会,则(ze)徙而浸远(yuan),远(yuan)极又徙而近(jin)交(jiao),所以(yi)(yi)著臣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)。望而正于(yu)黄道(dao)(dao),是谓臣干君(jun)(jun)明,则(ze)阳(yang)斯蚀(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。朔而正于(yu)黄道(dao)(dao),是谓臣壅君(jun)(jun)明,则(ze)阳(yang)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚀(shi)矣。且十月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao),于(yu)历(li)当(dang)蚀(shi),君(jun)(jun)子(zi)犹以(yi)(yi)为变(bian),诗人悼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然(ran)则(ze)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)太平,日不(bu)蚀(shi),星不(bu)孛,盖(gai)有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。
若过至未分,月或(huo)变(bian)行(xing)而避之;或(huo)五星潜在日下,御侮(wu)而救之;或(huo)涉交数浅,或(huo)在阳历,阳盛(sheng)阴微则不(bu)蚀;或(huo)德之休明,而有小眚焉,则天为之隐,虽(sui)交而不(bu)蚀。此(ci)四者,皆德教之所由生也。
四序之中(zhong),分同道,至相过,交而(er)有蚀,则天道之常(chang)。如刘歆、贾(jia)逵(kui),皆近古大儒(ru),岂不(bu)(bu)知轨(gui)道所交,朔望同术哉?以日蚀非常(chang),故阙而(er)不(bu)(bu)论(lun)。
黄初已(yi)来,治历者始(shi)课(ke)日(ri)蚀疏密,及张(zhang)子(zi)信而益(yi)详。刘焯、张(zhang)胄(zhou)玄之徒自负(fu)其术,谓日(ri)月皆可以密率求,是专于历纪者也。
以(yi)《戊寅》、《麟德(de)(de)历》推(tui)《春秋》日蚀,大最皆入蚀限(xian)(xian)。于历应(ying)蚀而《春秋》不(bu)(bu)(bu)书者(zhe)尚多,则(ze)日蚀必(bi)在交(jiao)限(xian)(xian),其入限(xian)(xian)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)尽蚀。开元十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)七月(yue)戊午朔(shuo),于历当蚀半强,自交(jiao)趾(zhi)至于朔(shuo)方(fang),候之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)蚀。十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)庚(geng)戌朔(shuo),于历当蚀太半,时(shi)东封泰山,还(hai)次梁、宋间,皇(huang)帝彻饍,不(bu)(bu)(bu)举(ju)乐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)盖(gai),素服(fu)(fu),日亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)蚀。时(shi)群臣与八荒(huang)君长(zhang)之(zhi)来助(zhu)祭者(zhe)。降物(wu)以(yi)需,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可胜数,皆奉寿(shou)称庆,肃然神服(fu)(fu)。虽(sui)算(suan)术乖舛,不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)如此,然后(hou)知德(de)(de)之(zhi)动(dong)天,不(bu)(bu)(bu)俟终日矣。若因开元二(er)蚀,曲变交(jiao)限(xian)(xian)而从之(zhi),则(ze)差者(zhe)益多。
自开元治历,史官每(mei)岁较节气中晷(gui),因检加时小(xiao)余,虽大数有(you)常,然(ran)亦与时推(tui)移,每(mei)岁不(bu)等(deng)。晷(gui)变(bian)而(er)长(zhang),则日(ri)行(xing)黄道南;晷(gui)变(bian)而(er)短,则日(ri)行(xing)黄道北(bei)。行(xing)而(er)南,则阴历之(zhi)交也(ye)或失(shi);行(xing)而(er)北(bei),则阳历之(zhi)交也(ye)或失(shi)。日(ri)在黄道之(zhi)中,且犹有(you)变(bian),况月(yue)行(xing)九道乎!杜预云:“日(ri)月(yue)动物,虽行(xing)度有(you)大量,不(bu)能不(bu)小(xiao)有(you)盈(ying)缩。故有(you)虽交会(hui)而(er)不(bu)蚀(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),或有(you)频交而(er)蚀(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)。”是也(ye)。
故较历(li)(li)(li)必稽古(gu)史(shi),亏蚀深浅、加时朓朒阴阳,其(qi)(qi)数相(xiang)(xiang)叶者,反覆相(xiang)(xiang)求(qiu),由历(li)(li)(li)数之(zhi)中(zhong),以合(he)辰(chen)象(xiang)之(zhi)变(bian);观辰(chen)象(xiang)之(zhi)变(bian),反求(qiu)历(li)(li)(li)数之(zhi)中(zhong)。类其(qi)(qi)所(suo)同,而中(zhong)可知(zhi)矣(yi);辨其(qi)(qi)所(suo)异,而变(bian)可知(zhi)矣(yi)。其(qi)(qi)循度则(ze)合(he)于历(li)(li)(li),失行则(ze)合(he)于占。占道(dao)顺成(cheng),常执(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)以追(zhui)变(bian);历(li)(li)(li)道(dao)逆数,常执(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)以俟变(bian)。知(zhi)此之(zhi)说者,天(tian)道(dao)如视诸掌。
《略例》曰:旧(jiu)历考日(ri)蚀(shi)(shi)浅深(shen),皆(jie)自张(zhang)子信所(suo)(suo)传,云积候所(suo)(suo)得,而未晓其然也(ye)。以(yi)圆(yuan)仪度(du)日(ri)月之径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),乃(nai)以(yi)月径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之半(ban)减入交初(chu)限一度(du)半(ban),余为暗(an)(an)虚(xu)半(ban)径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。以(yi)月去黄(huang)道每度(du)差数(shu)(shu),令二径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)掩,以(yi)验(yan)蚀(shi)(shi)分(fen),以(yi)所(suo)(suo)入日(ri)迟疾(ji)乘(cheng)径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),为泛所(suo)(suo)用刻(ke)数(shu)(shu),大(da)率去交不及(ji)三(san)度(du),即月行没在暗(an)(an)虚(xu),皆(jie)入既(ji)限。又半(ban)日(ri)月之径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),减春(chun)分(fen)入交初(chu)限相(xiang)去度(du)数(shu)(shu),余为斜(xie)射所(suo)(suo)差。乃(nai)考差数(shu)(shu),以(yi)立既(ji)限。而优游进退(tui)于(yu)二度(du)中间,亦(yi)令二径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)相(xiang)掩,以(yi)知日(ri)蚀(shi)(shi)分(fen)数(shu)(shu)。月径(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)逾既(ji)限之南,则虽在阴历,而所(suo)(suo)亏类同外道,斜(xie)望使然也(ye)。既(ji)限之外,应向外蚀(shi)(shi),外道交分(fen),准(zhun)用此例。以(yi)较古今日(ri)蚀(shi)(shi)四十三(san)事(shi),月蚀(shi)(shi)九(jiu)十九(jiu)事(shi),课皆(jie)第一。
使日(ri)(ri)(ri)蚀皆(jie)不可(ke)以(yi)(yi)常(chang)数求,则无以(yi)(yi)稽历数之疏密。若(ruo)(ruo)皆(jie)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)常(chang)数求,则无以(yi)(yi)知政教之休咎。今更设考(kao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)蚀或(huo)限术,得常(chang)则合于(yu)数。又(you)日(ri)(ri)(ri)月交会(hui)大小相若(ruo)(ruo),而(er)月在日(ri)(ri)(ri)下(xia),自京师斜(xie)射而(er)望(wang)之,假中国食既,则南方戴日(ri)(ri)(ri)之下(xia)所亏(kui)才半,月外反观,则交而(er)不蚀。步九服日(ri)(ri)(ri)晷以(yi)(yi)定蚀分(fen),晨昏漏刻与地偕变,则宇宙虽广,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)一术齐(qi)之矣。
其十二《五(wu)星(xing)议》曰:
岁星自商、周(zhou)迄春秋(qiu)之季,率百二十(shi)(shi)余(yu)年而超一次(ci)。战国后其(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)浸(jin)急,至汉尚微差(cha),及(ji)哀、平间,余(yu)势乃尽,更八十(shi)(shi)四年而超一次(ci),因以(yi)为常。此其(qi)(qi)与余(yu)星异也(ye)。姬氏出自灵威仰之精,受木行(xing)(xing)(xing)正气。岁星主农祥(xiang),后稷凭(ping)焉,故周(zhou)人常阅其(qi)(qi)禨祥(xiang),而观(guan)善(shan)败。其(qi)(qi)始王(wang)也(ye),次(ci)于鹑(chun)火,以(yi)达天鼋(yuan)。及(ji)其(qi)(qi)衰也(ye),淫于玄枵,以(yi)害(hai)鸟帑。其(qi)(qi)后群雄力(li)争,礼乐陨坏,而从(cong)衡(heng)攻守之术兴(xing)。故岁星常赢行(xing)(xing)(xing)于上,而侯王(wang)不宁于下,则(ze)木纬失(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之势,宜极于火运(yun)之中,理数然也(ye)。
开元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)庚午,岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)进贤东(dong)(dong)北尺三(san)寸,直轸(zhen)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)度,于(yu)《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)轸(zhen)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)度。推(tui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)上之,至汉河平二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),其十(shi)(shi)月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)轩辕南耑大星(xing)(xing)(xing)西(xi)北尺所(suo)。《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)张二(er)(er)度,直轩辕大星(xing)(xing)(xing)。上下(xia)相距七(qi)百五(wu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),考(kao)其行度,犹(you)未(wei)甚盈缩,则哀(ai)、平后(hou)不复每(mei)岁渐差也。又(you)上百二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至孝景(jing)中元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue),星(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)井、钺。《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)参三(san)度。又(you)上六(liu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),得(de)汉元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)月(yue)(yue),五(wu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)聚于(yu)东(dong)(dong)井,从岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)也,于(yu)秦正(zheng)岁在(zai)(zai)(zai)乙未(wei),夏(xia)(xia)正(zheng)当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)甲午。《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》白(bai)露八(ba)日(ri),岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)留(liu)(liu)觜觿一度。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)立夏(xia)(xia),伏于(yu)参。由(you)差行未(wei)尽,而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)常数求(qiu)之使然也。又(you)上二(er)(er)百七(qi)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至哀(ai)公(gong)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁在(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo)(huo),《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》初见在(zai)(zai)(zai)舆鬼二(er)(er)度。立冬九(jiu)日(ri),留(liu)(liu)星(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)度。明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)启蛰十(shi)(shi)日(ri),退至柳五(wu)度,犹(you)不及鹑(chun)火(huo)(huo)。又(you)上百七(qi)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),至僖公(gong)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)当(dang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大火(huo)(huo)。《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》初见在(zai)(zai)(zai)张八(ba)度,明(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)伏于(yu)翼(yi)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)度,定在(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo)(huo),差三(san)次矣。哀(ai)公(gong)以(yi)后(hou),差行渐迟,相去(qu)犹(you)近;哀(ai)公(gong)以(yi)前,率(lv)常行迟。而(er)(er)(er)(er)旧历(li)(li)(li)犹(you)用急率(lv),不知合变(bian),故所(suo)差弥多。武王革命(ming),岁星(xing)(xing)(xing)亦在(zai)(zai)(zai)大火(huo)(huo),而(er)(er)(er)(er)《麟(lin)德(de)历(li)(li)(li)》在(zai)(zai)(zai)东(dong)(dong)壁三(san)度,则唐(tang)、虞(yu)已上,所(suo)差周天(tian)矣。
《太初》、《三统历(li)》岁(sui)星十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)周天超一(yi)次(ci),推(tui)商、周间(jian)事(shi),大抵皆合。验开元(yuan)(yuan)注记(ji),差九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)度,盖(gai)(gai)不(bu)知(zhi)岁(sui)星后(hou)率(lv)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《皇极》、《麟德(de)历(li)》七周天超一(yi)次(ci),以推(tui)汉、魏间(jian)事(shi)尚未差。上(shang)验《春(chun)秋(qiu)》所载,亦差九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)度,盖(gai)(gai)不(bu)知(zhi)岁(sui)星前率(lv)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。《天保》、《天和历(li)》得(de)二(er)(er)率(lv)之中(zhong),故(gu)上(shang)合于(yu)《春(chun)秋(qiu)》,下(xia)犹密于(yu)记(ji)注。以推(tui)永平、黄初间(jian)事(shi),远者(zhe)或(huo)差三十(shi)(shi)余(yu)度,盖(gai)(gai)不(bu)知(zhi)战国后(hou)岁(sui)星变行故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。自汉元(yuan)(yuan)始四年(nian),距(ju)(ju)开元(yuan)(yuan)十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian),凡十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)甲(jia)子,上(shang)距(ju)(ju)隐公六年(nian),亦十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)甲(jia)子。而二(er)(er)历(li)相合于(yu)其(qi)中(zhong),或(huo)差二(er)(er)次(ci)于(yu)古,或(huo)差三次(ci)于(yu)今(jin),其(qi)两合于(yu)古今(jin)者(zhe),中(zhong)间(jian)亦乖。欲一(yi)术(shu)以求(qiu)之,则不(bu)可得(de)也(ye)(ye)。
《开元历(li)》岁(sui)星(xing)前(qian)率,三百九(jiu)十八日,余(yu)二(er)千二(er)百一十九(jiu),秒九(jiu)十三。自哀公二(er)十年丙寅后,每加度余(yu)一分(fen),尽四百三十九(jiu)合,次(ci)合乃(nai)加秒十三而止,凡三百九(jiu)十八日,余(yu)二(er)千六(liu)百五十九(jiu),秒六(liu),而与日合,是为(wei)岁(sui)星(xing)后率。自此因以为(wei)常,入汉元始(shi)六(liu)年也(ye)。
《岁(sui)星差(cha)(cha)合(he)术(shu)》曰:“置哀(ai)公二十(shi)年冬(dong)(dong)至合(he)余,加(jia)入(ru)(ru)差(cha)(cha)已(yi)来中(zhong)积(ji)分,以前(qian)率(lv)约之(zhi),为(wei)入(ru)(ru)差(cha)(cha)合(he)数。不尽者(zhe)如历(li)术(shu)入(ru)(ru)之(zhi),反求(qiu)冬(dong)(dong)至后(hou)合(he)日(ri),乃(nai)副列入(ru)(ru)差(cha)(cha)合(he)数,增下(xia)位一(yi)算,乘而半之(zhi),盈(ying)《《大衍》通法(fa)为(wei)日(ri),不尽为(wei)日(ri)余,以加(jia)合(he)日(ri),即差(cha)(cha)合(he)所在也。求(qiu)岁(sui)星差(cha)(cha)行径术(shu),以后(hou)终(zhong)率(lv)约上元以来中(zhong)积(ji)分,亦(yi)得(de)所求(qiu)。若稽其实行,当从元始(shi)六年置差(cha)(cha)步之(zhi),则(ze)前(qian)后(hou)相距(ju),间不容(rong)发,而上元之(zhi)首,无忽微空(kong)积(ji)矣。
成汤(tang)伐桀,岁(sui)在壬戌,《开元历》星与日合于角,次于氐十度而后退行。其(qi)明年,汤(tang)始建国为元祀(si),顺(shun)行与日合于房,所以纪商人之命也(ye)。
后六百一算至(zhi)纣六祀(si)(si),周(zhou)文王初禴于毕,十三祀(si)(si)岁在己卯,星在鹑火,武王嗣位。克商之(zhi)年,进及(ji)舆(yu)鬼,而退守东井。明(ming)年,周(zhou)始革命,顺行与日合于柳,进留于张。考其分(fen)野,则分(fen)陕之(zhi)间,与三监封域之(zhi)际也。
成(cheng)(cheng)王三年(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)丙午,星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)火(huo),唐叔(shu)始封(feng)(feng),故《国语》曰:“晋之始封(feng)(feng),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)火(huo)。”《春秋传》僖公五(wu)年(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)火(huo),晋公子重耳自蒲奔狄(di)。十六年(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寿(shou)星(xing)(xing),适(shi)齐(qi)过(guo)卫,野人与之塊,子犯曰:“天赐(ci)也,天事必(bi)(bi)象,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)及鹑火(huo)必(bi)(bi)有此乎!复于寿(shou)星(xing)(xing),必(bi)(bi)获诸侯(hou)。”二十三年(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)星(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)胃(wei)、昴。秦伯纳(na)晋文公。董因(yin)曰:“岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)梁,将集天行。元(yuan)年(nian),实沈之星(xing)(xing),晋人是(shi)居。君之行也,岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)火(huo),阏伯之星(xing)(xing)也,是(shi)谓(wei)大(da)(da)辰(chen)(chen)。辰(chen)(chen)以(yi)善成(cheng)(cheng),后稷是(shi)相,唐叔(shu)以(yi)封(feng)(feng)。且以(yi)辰(chen)(chen)出而以(yi)参(can)入,皆晋祥也。”二十七年(nian),岁(sui)(sui)(sui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)鹑火(huo),晋侯(hou)伐卫,取(qu)五(wu)鹿,败(bai)楚(chu)师(shi)于城濮(pu),始获诸侯(hou)。岁(sui)(sui)(sui)适(shi)及寿(shou)星(xing)(xing),皆与《开(kai)元(yuan)历(li)》合。
襄公(gong)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian),岁(sui)星(xing)在(zai)陬訾之(zhi)(zhi)口(kou),《开元历(li)(li)》大寒三(san)(san)日(ri)(ri),星(xing)与日(ri)(ri)合,在(zai)危(wei)三(san)(san)度,遂顺(shun)行至营(ying)室八(ba)(ba)度。其(qi)明年(nian)(nian),郑(zheng)子(zi)蟜(jiao)卒。将葬,公(gong)孙子(zi)羽与裨(bi)灶晨会事焉(yan),过(guo)伯有氏,其(qi)门上生莠,子(zi)羽曰(yue)(yue):“其(qi)莠犹在(zai)乎,于(yu)(yu)是岁(sui)在(zai)降娄(lou)中而(er)曙。”裨(bi)灶指之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“犹可以终(zhong)岁(sui),岁(sui)不及(ji)此(ci)次也。”《开元历(li)(li)》,岁(sui)星(xing)在(zai)奎(kui);奎(kui),降娄(lou)也。《麟德历(li)(li)》,在(zai)危(wei);危(wei),玄(xuan)枵也。二(er)十(shi)(shi)八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)春(chun),无冰。梓慎曰(yue)(yue):“岁(sui)在(zai)星(xing)纪,而(er)淫(yin)于(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)枵。”裨(bi)灶曰(yue)(yue):“岁(sui)弃其(qi)次,而(er)旅于(yu)(yu)明年(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)次,以害鸟帑。周(zhou)、楚恶之(zhi)(zhi)。”《开元历(li)(li)》,岁(sui)星(xing)至南(nan)斗十(shi)(shi)七度,而(er)退守(shou)西建间,复顺(shun)行,与日(ri)(ri)合于(yu)(yu)牛初。应在(zai)星(xing)纪,而(er)盈(ying)行进(jin)及(ji)虚宿,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“淫(yin)”。留(liu)玄(xuan)枵二(er)年(nian)(nian),至三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)。《开元历(li)(li)》,岁(sui)星(xing)顺(shun)行至营(ying)室十(shi)(shi)度,留(liu)。距子(zi)蟜(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)卒一终(zhong)矣。其(qi)年(nian)(nian)八(ba)(ba)月,郑(zheng)人杀良霄,故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)“及(ji)其(qi)亡也,岁(sui)在(zai)陬訾之(zhi)(zhi)口(kou)。”其(qi)明年(nian)(nian),乃及(ji)降娄(lou)。
昭(zhao)公(gong)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)一月(yue),楚(chu)(chu)灭(mie)陈(chen)(chen)。史赵曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“未也(ye)(ye)。陈(chen)(chen),颛顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)族也(ye)(ye)。岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)鹑(chun)(chun)火(huo),是以卒(zu)灭(mie)。今在(zai)(zai)析(xi)木(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)津(jin),犹将(jiang)复(fu)(fu)由(you)。”《开元历》,在(zai)(zai)箕八(ba)度,析(xi)木(mu)津(jin)也(ye)(ye)。十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun),进及(ji)婺女(nv)初,在(zai)(zai)玄枵(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)维首。《传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“正月(yue),有星出于(yu)婺女(nv)。”裨(bi)灶(zao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今兹(zi)岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)颛顼(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)墟。”是岁(sui)与(yu)日合(he)(he)于(yu)危(wei)。其(qi)(qi)明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),进及(ji)营室,复(fu)(fu)得豕(shi)韦(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)次。景王问(wen)苌(chang)弘曰(yue)(yue)(yue):’今兹(zi)诸侯何(he)实(shi)吉?何(he)实(shi)凶?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“蔡凶。此(ci)蔡侯般杀其(qi)(qi)君之(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui),岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)豕(shi)韦(wei),弗过(guo)此(ci)矣,楚(chu)(chu)将(jiang)有之(zhi)(zhi)。岁(sui)及(ji)大(da)梁(liang),蔡复(fu)(fu)楚(chu)(chu)凶。。”至十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)星在(zai)(zai)昴、毕,而(er)(er)(er)楚(chu)(chu)弑灵王,陈(chen)(chen)、蔡复(fu)(fu)封。初,昭(zhao)公(gong)九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),陈(chen)(chen)灾(zai)。裨(bi)灶(zao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“后五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),陈(chen)(chen)将(jiang)复(fu)(fu)封。岁(sui)五(wu)(wu)及(ji)鹑(chun)(chun)火(huo),而(er)(er)(er)后陈(chen)(chen)卒(zu)亡。”自陈(chen)(chen)灾(zai)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),而(er)(er)(er)岁(sui)在(zai)(zai)大(da)梁(liang),陈(chen)(chen)复(fu)(fu)建国。哀(ai)公(gong)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),五(wu)(wu)及(ji)鹑(chun)(chun)火(huo),而(er)(er)(er)楚(chu)(chu)灭(mie)陈(chen)(chen)。是年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)星与(yu)日合(he)(he)在(zai)(zai)张六度。昭(zhao)公(gong)三(san)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,吴伐(fa)越(yue)。始用师(shi)于(yu)越(yue)也(ye)(ye)。史墨曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“越(yue)得岁(sui)而(er)(er)(er)吴伐(fa)之(zhi)(zhi),必受其(qi)(qi)凶。”是岁(sui),星与(yu)日合(he)(he)于(yu)南(nan)斗三(san)度。昔(xi)僖公(gong)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),岁(sui)阴在(zai)(zai)卯,星在(zai)(zai)析(xi)木(mu)。昭(zhao)公(gong)三(san)十(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),亦岁(sui)阴在(zai)(zai)卯,而(er)(er)(er)星在(zai)(zai)星纪。故《三(san)统历》因以为(wei)超(chao)次之(zhi)(zhi)率。考其(qi)(qi)实(shi),犹百二(er)(er)十(shi)余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。近代诸历,欲(yu)以八(ba)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)齐之(zhi)(zhi),此(ci)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)惑也(ye)(ye)。后三(san)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)越(yue)灭(mie)吴。星三(san)及(ji)斗、牛,已入差合(he)(he)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)矣。
夫五(wu)(wu)事感于(yu)(yu)中,而五(wu)(wu)行之(zhi)祥(xiang)应于(yu)(yu)下,五(wu)(wu)纬之(zhi)变彰于(yu)(yu)上(shang)。若声发(fa)而响和(he),形动而影(ying)随(sui),故琽失典刑(xing)之(zhi)正(zheng),则(ze)星(xing)辰(chen)为之(zhi)乱行;汩彝伦(lun)之(zhi)叙(xu),则(ze)天事为之(zhi)无象(xiang)。当其(qi)乱行、无象(xiang),又(you)可以历纪齐乎?故襄公二十(shi)八年(nian),岁在星(xing)纪,淫于(yu)(yu)玄枵(xiao)。至(zhi)三十(shi)年(nian)八月,始及陬訾之(zhi)口,超次而前,二年(nian)守之(zhi)。
汉(han)元鼎中,太白入于天苑,失行,在黄道南三十余度。间岁,武帝(di)北巡守,登单于台,勒兵十八万(wan)骑,及(ji)诛大(da)宛(wan),马大(da)死(si)军(jun)中。
晋咸宁四年(nian)九月(yue),太(tai)白(bai)当见不(bu)见,占曰:“是(shi)谓失舍,不(bu)有(you)破军,必有(you)亡(wang)国。”时将伐吴,明年(nian)三(san)月(yue),兵出,太(tai)白(bai)始夕见西方(fang),而吴亡(wang)。
永(yong)宁元年(nian),正(zheng)月至闰(run)月,五星经天(tian),纵横无常;永(yong)兴(xing)二年(nian)四月丙子(zi)(zi),太白犯狼星,失(shi)行,在黄道南四十余度;永(yong)嘉三年(nian)正(zheng)月庚子(zi)(zi),荧惑犯紫(zi)微:皆天(tian)变(bian)所未有也,终以(yi)二帝蒙尘,天(tian)下大乱。
后(hou)魏神瑞二(er)(er)年(nian)十二(er)(er)月,荧(ying)(ying)惑(huo)在(zai)(zai)瓠瓜(gua)星中(zhong)(zhong),一(yi)夕忽(hu)亡,不知(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)。崔浩以日(ri)辰推(tui)之(zhi),曰(yue):“庚午之(zhi)夕,辛未(wei)之(zhi)朝,天有阴云,荧(ying)(ying)惑(huo)之(zhi)亡,在(zai)(zai)此(ci)二(er)(er)日(ri)。庚午未(wei)皆主秦(qin),辛为西夷。今姚兴据(ju)咸阳,是荧(ying)(ying)惑(huo)入秦(qin)矣(yi)。”其(qi)后(hou)荧(ying)(ying)惑(huo)果(guo)出东井,留守盘(pan)旋,秦(qin)中(zhong)(zhong)大旱赤地,昆明水竭。明年(nian),姚兴死,二(er)(er)子交兵。三年(nian),国灭。
齐永明九(jiu)年八(ba)月十(shi)(shi)四日,火星应退在昴三(san)度,先(xian)历在毕;二十(shi)(shi)一日始逆行,北转,垂(chui)及立冬,形色(se)弥(mi)盛。魏永平四年八(ba)月癸未(wei),荧惑在氐,夕伏西方,亦先(xian)期五十(shi)(shi)余日,虽(sui)时历疏阔,不宜(yi)若(ruo)此。
隋大业九(jiu)年五月丁丑(chou),荧惑逆行入南斗,色赤如血,大如三斗器,光(guang)芒震耀,长七八尺(chi),于斗中句巳(si)而行,亦天变所未有也。后(hou)杨玄感反,天下大乱。
故五(wu)星留逆伏(fu)见(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)效,表里盈缩之(zhi)(zhi)行,皆系之(zhi)(zhi)于时,而(er)(er)象之(zhi)(zhi)于政。政小(xiao)失则小(xiao)变,事(shi)微(wei)而(er)(er)象微(wei),事(shi)章(zhang)而(er)(er)象章(zhang)。已示吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)象,则又变行,袭其常度(du)。不然,则皇天何以阴骘下民,警悟人主哉!近代(dai)算者(zhe)昧于象,占(zhan)者(zhe)迷(mi)于数,睹五(wu)星失行,皆谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)历舛。虽七曜循(xun)轨,犹(you)或谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)天灾。终(zhong)以数象相蒙(meng),两(liang)丧其实。故较历必(bi)稽古(gu)今注记(ji),入气(qi)均(jun)而(er)(er)行度(du)齐,上下相距(ju),反复(fu)相求。苟独异于常,则失行可(ke)知(zhi)矣。
凡(fan)二(er)星相近,多为之(zhi)失(shi)行(xing)。三星以上,失(shi)度弥甚。《天竺历》以《九执》之(zhi)情,皆有(you)所好(hao)恶。遇其所好(hao)之(zhi)星,则趣之(zhi)行(xing)疾,舍之(zhi)行(xing)迟。
张(zhang)子信历(li)辰星应见(jian)不(bu)见(jian)术,晨(chen)夕去(qu)日(ri)前(qian)后四十(shi)六度内,十(shi)八度外(wai),有木(mu)(mu)、火、土、金一星者见(jian),无则不(bu)见(jian)。张(zhang)胄玄历(li),朔望在交限(xian),有星伏在日(ri)下,木(mu)(mu)、土去(qu)见(jian)十(shi)日(ri)外(wai),火去(qu)见(jian)四十(shi)日(ri)外(wai),金去(qu)见(jian)二十(shi)二日(ri)外(wai)者,并不(bu)加减差,皆(jie)精气(qi)相(xiang)感使然。
夫日月(yue)所以著(zhu)尊卑(bei)不(bu)易(yi)之象,五(wu)星(xing)所以示(shi)政(zheng)教从时(shi)之义。故日月(yue)之失行(xing)(xing)也,微而少;五(wu)星(xing)之失行(xing)(xing)也,著(zhu)而多(duo)。今略考常数,以课疏密。
《略(lve)例》曰:“其(qi)入气加(jia)减,亦(yi)自张(zhang)子信(xin)始(shi),后人(ren)莫不(bu)遵用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)。原始(shi)要终,多有不(bu)叶(ye)。今较(jiao)《麟德历(li)》,荧惑、太白(bai)(bai)见(jian)伏行(xing)(xing)度过与(yu)(yu)不(bu)及,荧惑凡四(si)十(shi)八事(shi)(shi),太白(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)一事(shi)(shi)。余(yu)星所(suo)差,盖细不(bu)足考。且盈缩之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing),宜与(yu)(yu)四(si)象(xiang)潜合,而二(er)十(shi)四(si)气加(jia)减不(bu)均。更(geng)推易数而正之(zhi)(zhi),又各立岁(sui)差,以(yi)究五精(jing)运周二(er)十(shi)八舍之(zhi)(zhi)变。较(jiao)史(shi)官所(suo)记(ji),岁(sui)星二(er)十(shi)七(qi)事(shi)(shi),荧惑二(er)十(shi)八事(shi)(shi),镇星二(er)十(shi)一事(shi)(shi),太白(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)二(er)事(shi)(shi),辰星二(er)十(shi)四(si)事(shi)(shi),《开元历(li)》课(ke)皆第一云(yun)。
至肃宗时,山人韩颖上言《大(da)衍历》或误。帝(di)疑(yi)之(zhi),以颖为太子宫(gong)门郎,直司天(tian)台(tai)。又损益其术,每节增二日,更名《至德历》,起乾元(yuan)元(yuan)年用(yong)之(zhi),讫上元(yuan)三(san)年。
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