志第二十 释老十
大人有(you)作,司牧生民,结绳以往,书契所绝,故(gu)靡得(de)而知焉。自(zi)羲轩已(yi)还,至于(yu)三代,其神言秘策(ce),蕴图(tu)纬之(zhi)文,范世率(lv)民,垂坟典之(zhi)迹。秦肆其毒,灭于(yu)灰烬;汉采(cai)遗籍(ji),复(fu)若丘(qiu)山。司马迁区(qu)别异(yi)同,有(you)阴(yin)阳、儒、墨、名、法、道(dao)德六家之(zhi)义(yi)。刘歆著《七略》,班固志《艺文》,释氏之(zhi)学,所未曾纪。案汉武元狩中,遣(qian)霍去病(bing)讨匈奴,至皋兰(lan),过居延,斩首大获(huo)。昆(kun)邪王(wang)杀(sha)休屠王(wang),将其众五(wu)万来(lai)降。获(huo)其金(jin)人,帝以为大神,列(lie)于(yu)甘泉宫。金(jin)人率(lv)长丈余,不祭祀,但烧香礼拜而已(yi)。此(ci)则佛道(dao)流通(tong)之(zhi)渐也。
及开西域,遣张骞使(shi)大夏(xia)还,传其旁有(you)身毒国(guo)(guo),一名天(tian)竺,始闻有(you)浮(fu)屠之(zhi)教。哀帝(di)元寿元年(nian),博(bo)士弟子(zi)秦(qin)景(jing)宪受大月氏王使(shi)伊存口(kou)授浮(fu)屠经。中土闻之(zhi),未(wei)之(zhi)信了也。后孝明帝(di)夜(ye)梦金人(ren),项有(you)日(ri)光,飞行殿庭,乃(nai)访群臣,傅(fu)毅始以佛(fo)(fo)对。帝(di)遣郎(lang)中祭愔、博(bo)士弟子(zi)秦(qin)景(jing)等使(shi)于(yu)天(tian)竺,写(xie)浮(fu)屠遗范。愔仍(reng)与沙门摄摩腾、竺法兰东还洛阳。中国(guo)(guo)有(you)沙门及跪拜之(zhi)法,自此(ci)始也。愔又得(de)佛(fo)(fo)经《四(si)十二章》及释迦(jia)立像。明帝(di)令画工图佛(fo)(fo)像,置清凉台及显节陵(ling)上,经缄(jian)于(yu)兰台石室(shi)。愔之(zhi)还也,以白(bai)(bai)马(ma)负(fu)经而至,汉因立白(bai)(bai)马(ma)寺于(yu)洛城雍(yong)关西。摩腾、法兰咸卒于(yu)此(ci)寺。
浮屠正号曰佛(fo)陀,佛(fo)陀与浮图(tu)声(sheng)相(xiang)近(jin),皆(jie)西方言,其(qi)来转(zhuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)音。华言译之(zhi)则(ze)谓净觉,言灭秽(hui)成明,道为(wei)(wei)(wei)圣悟(wu)。凡其(qi)经旨,大抵言生(sheng)生(sheng)之(zhi)类,皆(jie)因行(xing)业(ye)而(er)起。有过(guo)去、当今、未来,历三(san)世,识神常不灭。凡为(wei)(wei)(wei)善(shan)恶,必有报应。渐积胜(sheng)(sheng)业(ye),陶冶粗鄙,经无数形,藻练神明,乃致无生(sheng)而(er)得(de)佛(fo)道。其(qi)间阶次心行(xing),等(deng)级非一,皆(jie)缘浅(qian)以至深,藉微而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)著。率在于积仁顺,蠲(juan)嗜欲,习虚静而(er)成通(tong)照也。故其(qi)始修心则(ze)依佛(fo)、法、僧,谓之(zhi)三(san)归,若君子之(zhi)三(san)畏也。又(you)有五戒,去杀、盗、淫(yin)、妄言、饮酒(jiu),大意与仁、义、礼、智、信同,名为(wei)(wei)(wei)异耳。云(yun)奉持之(zhi),则(ze)生(sheng)天人(ren)胜(sheng)(sheng)处(chu),亏犯则(ze)坠鬼畜诸苦(ku)。又(you)善(shan)恶生(sheng)处(chu),凡有六道焉。
诸服其(qi)(qi)道(dao)者,则(ze)剃落须发,释(shi)累辞(ci)家,结师资,遵律度(du),相(xiang)与和(he)居(ju),治心(xin)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)净(jing),行(xing)乞以自(zi)给。谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)门,或(huo)曰(yue)(yue)桑(sang)门,亦(yi)声相(xiang)近,总谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僧,皆胡言也。僧,译(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)命(ming)众,桑(sang)门为(wei)(wei)(wei)息(xi)心(xin),比丘(qiu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)行(xing)乞。俗人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信凭道(dao)法(fa)者,男(nan)曰(yue)(yue)优(you)婆塞,女曰(yue)(yue)优(you)婆夷。其(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)沙(sha)门者,初修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)十诫,曰(yue)(yue)沙(sha)弥,而终(zhong)于二百(bai)五十,则(ze)具(ju)(ju)足成大(da)僧。妇入道(dao)者曰(yue)(yue)比丘(qiu)尼。其(qi)(qi)诫至于五百(bai),皆以阙 为(wei)(wei)(wei)本,随(sui)事(shi)增数,在(zai)于防心(xin)、摄身(shen)(shen)、正口。心(xin)去贪、忿、痴,身(shen)(shen)除杀、淫、盗,口断妄(wang)、杂、诸非正言,总谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十善(shan)道(dao)。能具(ju)(ju)此,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三业清净(jing)。凡人(ren)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)行(xing)粗为(wei)(wei)(wei)极。云可(ke)(ke)以达恶善(shan)报,渐阶(jie)圣(sheng)(sheng)迹。初阶(jie)圣(sheng)(sheng)者,有三种(zhong)人(ren),共(gong)根业太差,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),声闻乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、缘觉乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。取其(qi)(qi)可(ke)(ke)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)运以至道(dao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)名。此三人(ren)恶迹已尽,但(dan)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)心(xin)荡累,济物进(jin)德(de)。初根人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)小乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),行(xing)四谛法(fa);中(zhong)根人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),受十二因缘;上根人(ren)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),则(ze)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)六度(du)。虽阶(jie)三乘(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),而要(yao)由修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)进(jin)万(wan)行(xing),拯度(du)亿流,弥长远,乃可(ke)(ke)登佛境矣。
所谓(wei)佛(fo)者(zhe),本(ben)号(hao)释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)文者(zhe),译言(yan)能仁,谓(wei)德充(chong)道备,堪济万物也。释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)前有(you)(you)六(liu)佛(fo),释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)继(ji)六(liu)佛(fo)而(er)成(cheng)道,处(chu)今(jin)贤(xian)劫。文言(yan)将来(lai)有(you)(you)弥勒佛(fo),方继(ji)释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)而(er)降(jiang)世(shi)。释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)即天竺迦(jia)维卫国王之子。天竺其(qi)总称,迦(jia)维别名也。初(chu),释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)于(yu)四(si)月(yue)八日夜,从母右胁而(er)生。既生,姿相超异者(zhe)三十(shi)二种。天降(jiang)嘉瑞(rui)以应之,亦(yi)三十(shi)二。其(qi)《本(ben)起经(jing)》说之备矣。释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加生时,当(dang)周庄(zhuang)王九(jiu)年。《春(chun)秋鲁庄(zhuang)公》七年夏四(si)月(yue),恆星不见,夜明。是也。至魏(wei)武定八年,凡一千(qian)二百三十(shi)七年云。释(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)迦(jia)年三十(shi)成(cheng)佛(fo),导化群生,四(si)十(shi)九(jiu)载,乃于(yu)拘尸(shi)那城娑罗(luo)双树间,以二月(yue)十(shi)五日而(er)入般(ban)槃涅。涅槃译云灭度,或言(yan)常乐(le)我净(jing),明无(wu)迁谢及诸(zhu)苦累也。
诸佛法身有(you)(you)二(er)种义,一者(zhe)真(zhen)实(shi)(shi),二(er)者(zhe)权(quan)应(ying)。真(zhen)实(shi)(shi)身,谓(wei)至(zhi)极之(zhi)体,妙绝拘累,不(bu)得以(yi)方处(chu)期,不(bu)可以(yi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)量限(xian),有(you)(you)感(gan)斯应(ying),体常湛然。权(quan)应(ying)身者(zhe),谓(wei)和(he)光六道,同尘万类,生(sheng)灭随时,修短(duan)应(ying)物,形(xing)(xing)(xing)由感(gan)生(sheng),体非实(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)。权(quan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)虽谢,真(zhen)体不(bu)迁,但时无妙感(gan),故莫得常见(jian)耳。明佛生(sheng)非实(shi)(shi)生(sheng),灭非实(shi)(shi)灭也(ye)。佛既谢世,香木焚尸。灵骨分碎,大(da)小如粒,击之(zhi)不(bu)坏,焚亦不(bu)焦,或有(you)(you)光明神(shen)验(yan),胡(hu)言(yan)谓(wei)之(zhi)“舍利”。弟子(zi)收奉,置(zhi)之(zhi)宝瓶,竭香花,致敬(jing)慕,建宫宇(yu),谓(wei)为“塔(ta)”。塔(ta)亦胡(hu)言(yan),犹(you)宗庙(miao)也(ye),故世称塔(ta)庙(miao)。于(yu)后百(bai)年,有(you)(you)王(wang)阿育,以(yi)神(shen)力分佛舍利,于(yu)诸鬼神(shen),造(zao)八万四千(qian)塔(ta),布于(yu)世界,皆(jie)同日而就(jiu)。今洛阳(yang)、彭城、姑臧、临淄皆(jie)有(you)(you)阿育王(wang)寺,盖成其遗迹(ji)焉。释迦虽般(ban)涅槃,而留影迹(ji)爪齿(chi)于(yu)天竺,于(yu)今犹(you)在(zai)。中(zhong)土来(lai)往,并称见(jian)之(zhi)。
初(chu),释迦所说教(jiao)法,既涅槃后(hou),有声闻(wen)(wen)弟子大(da)(da)(da)迦叶、阿难(nan)等(deng)五百(bai)人(ren),撰(zhuan)(zhuan)集著录。阿难(nan)亲承嘱授,多闻(wen)(wen)总持,盖能综核深(shen)致,无所漏失。乃(nai)缀文(wen)字,撰(zhuan)(zhuan)载三藏十(shi)二部经(jing)(jing),如九流之(zhi)异统,其大(da)(da)(da)归终以三乘为本。后(hou)数(shu)百(bai)年(nian),有罗汉(han)、菩萨相(xiang)继著论(lun),赞(zan)明(ming)经(jing)(jing)义,以破(po)外道,《摩诃衍大(da)(da)(da)、小阿毗昙》,《中论(lun)》,《十(shi)二门(men)论(lun)》,《百(bai)法论(lun)》,《成实(shi)论(lun)》等(deng)是也(ye)。皆傍诸藏部大(da)(da)(da)义,假立外问,而以内法释之(zhi)。
汉章帝(di)时,楚王(wang)英喜为(wei)(wei)浮屠(tu)斋(zhai)戒,遣郎中令奉(feng)黄(huang)缣白纨三(san)十(shi)匹,诣国相以(yi)赎(shu)愆。诏(zhao)报曰:“楚王(wang)尚(shang)浮屠(tu)之仁祠,洁斋(zhai)三(san)月(yue),与(yu)神为(wei)(wei)誓,何嫌何疑,当(dang)有(you)悔(hui)吝。其(qi)还赎(shu),以(yi)助伊蒲塞、桑门之盛(sheng)(sheng)馔。”因(yin)以(yi)班示诸(zhu)国。桓(huan)帝(di)时,襄楷言佛(fo)陀、黄(huang)老道以(yi)谏,欲令好生恶(e)杀(sha),少嗜欲,去奢泰,尚(shang)无为(wei)(wei)。魏明帝(di)曾欲坏宫西(xi)佛(fo)图。外国沙(sha)门乃金盘盛(sheng)(sheng)水,置于殿前,以(yi)佛(fo)舍利(li)投之于水,乃有(you)五(wu)色光起,于是(shi)帝(di)叹曰:“自非灵(ling)异,安得(de)尔乎?”遂徙于道阙 ,为(wei)(wei)作周阁百间。佛(fo)图故处,凿为(wei)(wei)濛汜池,种芙蓉于中。后有(you)天竺沙(sha)门昙柯迦罗入洛,宣译(yi)诫(jie)律(lv),中国诫(jie)律(lv)之始也。自洛中构白马寺,盛(sheng)(sheng)饰佛(fo)图,画迹甚妙,为(wei)(wei)四(si)方(fang)式。凡宫塔制度,犹依天竺旧状而重构之,从一(yi)级至(zhi)三(san)、五(wu)、七、九。世(shi)人相承,谓之“浮图”,或(huo)云“佛(fo)图”。晋世(shi),洛中佛(fo)图有(you)四(si)十(shi)二(er)所矣。汉世(shi)沙(sha)门,皆衣赤布,后乃易以(yi)杂(za)色。
晋元康(kang)中(zhong),有胡(hu)沙(sha)门(men)(men)支(zhi)恭明译佛经(jing)《维摩》、《法(fa)华(hua)》、三《本起》等。微言(yan)隐义,未之(zhi)(zhi)能究。后(hou)(hou)有沙(sha)门(men)(men)常山(shan)卫道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)性聪敏,日诵经(jing)万余言(yan),研求(qiu)幽旨(zhi)。慨无师(shi)(shi)匠(jiang),独坐静室十二年,覃(tan)思(si)构精,神悟妙赜,以(yi)前所(suo)出经(jing),多有舛驳(bo),乃正(zheng)其乖(guai)(guai)谬。石(shi)(shi)勒时,有天竺沙(sha)门(men)(men)浮图澄,少于乌(wu)苌国就罗(luo)(luo)(luo)汉(han)入道(dao),刘(liu)曜(yao)时到襄(xiang)国。后(hou)(hou)为石(shi)(shi)勒所(suo)宗信,号为大(da)和尚,军国规谟颇访之(zhi)(zhi),所(suo)言(yan)多验(yan)。道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)曾至(zhi)鄴(ye)候澄,澄见而(er)异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。澄卒(zu)后(hou)(hou),中(zhong)国纷(fen)乱,道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)乃率门(men)(men)徒,南游新(xin)野。欲令玄宗在所(suo)流布,分遣(qian)弟子,各(ge)趣诸方。法(fa)汰诣扬州,法(fa)和入蜀(shu),道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)与(yu)慧远之(zhi)(zhi)襄(xiang)阳。道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)后(hou)(hou)入苻坚,坚素(su)钦德问,既见,宗以(yi)师(shi)(shi)礼。时西域有胡(hu)沙(sha)门(men)(men)鸠摩罗(luo)(luo)(luo)什,思(si)通法(fa)门(men)(men),道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)思(si)与(yu)讲释,每劝坚致(zhi)罗(luo)(luo)(luo)什。什亦(yi)承安(an)(an)(an)令问,谓之(zhi)(zhi)东(dong)方圣人,或时遥拜致(zhi)敬。道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)卒(zu)后(hou)(hou)二十余载而(er)罗(luo)(luo)(luo)什至(zhi)长安(an)(an)(an),恨不及安(an)(an)(an),以(yi)为深慨。道(dao)安(an)(an)(an)所(suo)正(zheng)经(jing)义,与(yu)罗(luo)(luo)(luo)什译出,符(fu)会如一,初无乖(guai)(guai)舛。于是法(fa)旨(zhi)大(da)著中(zhong)原。
魏先(xian)建国于玄朔,风俗淳(chun)一(yi),无(wu)为(wei)以(yi)自守,与西域殊绝(jue),莫能往来(lai)(lai)。故浮图(tu)之教,未之得闻,或(huo)闻而未信(xin)也(ye)。及神元(yuan)与魏、晋(jin)通(tong)聘,文帝(di)又(you)在(zai)洛阳,昭成(cheng)又(you)至襄国,乃备(bei)究(jiu)南(nan)夏佛(fo)法(fa)之事。太祖(zu)平(ping)中山,经(jing)略(lve)燕赵,所迳郡国佛(fo)寺,见诸(zhu)沙门(men)、道士,皆致精敬,禁(jin)军旅无(wu)有所犯。帝(di)好黄老,颇览佛(fo)经(jing)。但天下(xia)初(chu)定,戎车屡动,庶事草创(chuang),未建图(tu)宇,招延(yan)僧众也(ye)。然(ran)时时旁求。先(xian)是(shi),有沙门(men)僧朗,与其(qi)(qi)(qi)徒隐(yin)于泰山之琨而谷。帝(di)遣(qian)使致书,以(yi)缯、素、旃罽、银钵为(wei)礼。今犹号曰朗公谷焉。天兴元(yuan)年,下(xia)诏曰:“夫(fu)佛(fo)法(fa)之兴,其(qi)(qi)(qi)来(lai)(lai)远(yuan)矣(yi)。济益之功,冥及存没(mei),神踪遗轨,信(xin)可依凭(ping)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)敕有司,于京(jing)城建饰容范,修整宫舍(she),令信(xin)向之徒,有所居止。”是(shi)岁(sui),始(shi)作(zuo)五(wu)级佛(fo)图(tu)、耆阇崛山及须弥山殿(dian),加以(yi)缋饰。别(bie)构(gou)讲(jiang)堂、禅堂及沙门(men)座,莫不严具焉。太宗践位,遵太祖(zu)之业,亦(yi)好黄老,又(you)崇佛(fo)法(fa),京(jing)邑四(si)方,建立图(tu)像(xiang),仍(reng)令沙门(men)敷导民(min)俗。
初(chu),皇始中,赵郡有(you)沙门(men)法(fa)果(guo),诫行(xing)精至,开演(yan)法(fa)籍(ji)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)闻其名(ming),诏(zhao)以礼征赴京师。后(hou)以为道人统,绾摄僧徒。每与帝(di)(di)(di)言(yan),多(duo)所(suo)(suo)惬允,供(gong)施(shi)甚厚。至太(tai)(tai)宗,弥加(jia)崇(chong)敬(jing),永兴中,前后(hou)授以辅国、宜城子、忠信侯、安成公之(zhi)号(hao),皆固(gu)辞(ci)。帝(di)(di)(di)常(chang)亲幸其居,以门(men)小狭,不容舆辇,更广大之(zhi)。年(nian)八(ba)十(shi)余,泰常(chang)中卒(zu)。未殡,帝(di)(di)(di)三临(lin)其丧,追赠老寿(shou)将(jiang)军、越胡灵公。初(chu),法(fa)果(guo)每言(yan),太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)明(ming)叡好道,即是(shi)当今如(ru)来(lai),沙门(men)宜应(ying)尽礼,遂(sui)常(chang)致拜(bai)。谓(wei)人曰:“能鸿道者人主也,我非拜(bai)天(tian)子,乃是(shi)礼佛耳。”法(fa)果(guo)四十(shi),始为沙门(men)。有(you)子曰猛,诏(zhao)令袭果(guo)所(suo)(suo)加(jia)爵。帝(di)(di)(di)后(hou)幸广宗,有(you)沙门(men)昙证,年(nian)且(qie)百岁。邀见(jian)于路,奉致果(guo)物。帝(di)(di)(di)敬(jing)其年(nian)老志(zhi)力不衰,亦加(jia)以老寿(shou)将(jiang)军号(hao)。
是时,鸠摩罗(luo)什(shen)为(wei)姚兴所敬,于长安草堂寺集义(yi)学八百人,重译经本。罗(luo)什(shen)聪辩有(you)渊思,达东西方言。时沙门道(dao)彤、僧(seng)(seng)略、道(dao)恆、道(dao)衤剽、僧(seng)(seng)肇(zhao)(zhao)、昙影等,与罗(luo)什(shen)共相提挈(qie),发明(ming)(ming)幽致。诸深大经论十有(you)余部(bu),更定章句,辞(ci)义(yi)通明(ming)(ming),至今沙门共所祖习。道(dao)彤等皆识学洽通,僧(seng)(seng)肇(zhao)(zhao)尤为(wei)其最(zui)。罗(luo)付(fu)之(zhi)撰译,僧(seng)(seng)肇(zhao)(zhao)常执笔,定诸辞(ci)义(yi),注《维摩经》,又(you)著数论,皆有(you)妙旨,学者宗之(zhi)。
又沙(sha)门(men)法显,慨律(lv)(lv)藏不具,自长(zhang)安游(you)天竺。历三(san)十余国(guo),随有(you)经律(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu),学其(qi)书语,译而写(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。十年(nian),乃(nai)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)海(hai)(hai)师(shi)子国(guo),随商(shang)人泛舟东下。昼夜昏迷,将(jiang)二(er)百日(ri)。乃(nai)至(zhi)青州(zhou)长(zhang)广郡(jun)不其(qi)劳山(shan),南(nan)下乃(nai)出海(hai)(hai)焉。是岁,神(shen)瑞(rui)二(er)年(nian)也。法显所迳(jing)诸国(guo),传记之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),今行于(yu)(yu)世。其(qi)所得律(lv)(lv),通译未能尽正。至(zhi)江南(nan),更与天竺禅(shan)师(shi)跋陀罗(luo)辩定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《僧(seng)祇律(lv)(lv)》,大备于(yu)(yu)前,为今沙(sha)门(men)所持受。先(xian)是,有(you)沙(sha)门(men)法领,从扬(yang)州(zhou)入西域(yu),得《华严经》本。定(ding)律(lv)(lv)后数年(nian),跋陀罗(luo)共沙(sha)门(men)法业(ye)重加(jia)译撰(zhuan),宣行于(yu)(yu)时。
世祖初即位,亦(yi)遵太祖、太宗之(zhi)业,每引高德沙(sha)门(men),与其谈论(lun)。于(yu)四月八(ba)日,舆诸佛(fo)像,行于(yu)广衢,帝(di)亲御门(men)楼,临(lin)观散花,以(yi)致礼敬。
先是,沮渠蒙(meng)(meng)逊在凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou),亦好佛法。有罽宾沙门(men)昙(tan)摩谶(chen)(chen),习诸经论。于(yu)(yu)姑臧(zang),与沙门(men)智嵩等,译《涅(nie)槃》诸经十(shi)余部。又晓(xiao)术数(shu)、禁咒,历言他(ta)国安危,多所中(zhong)(zhong)验。蒙(meng)(meng)逊每以(yi)国事(shi)谘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。神中(zhong)(zhong),帝命(ming)蒙(meng)(meng)逊送谶(chen)(chen)诣京师,惜而不遣。既而,惧魏威责,遂使(shi)人(ren)杀谶(chen)(chen)。谶(chen)(chen)死之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,谓门(men)徒曰:“今时将(jiang)有客来(lai),可(ke)早食(shi)以(yi)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”食(shi)讫而走使(shi)至(zhi)。时人(ren)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)命(ming)。智嵩亦爽悟,笃志经籍。后乃以(yi)新(xin)出(chu)经论,于(yu)(yu)凉(liang)土教(jiao)授。辩论幽(you)旨,著《涅(nie)槃义记(ji)》。戒(jie)行峻整(zheng),门(men)人(ren)齐(qi)肃。知(zhi)凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)将(jiang)有兵役(yi),与门(men)徒数(shu)人(ren),欲往胡地。道路饥馑,绝粮积日,弟子(zi)求得禽(qin)兽肉,请嵩强食(shi)。嵩以(yi)戒(jie)自(zi)誓,遂饿死于(yu)(yu)酒泉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)西山。弟子(zi)积薪(xin)焚其尸,骸(hai)骨灰烬,唯(wei)舌独全,色状不变(bian)。时人(ren)以(yi)为诵说功(gong)报。凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)自(zi)张轨后,世信佛教(jiao)。敦(dun)煌(huang)地接西域(yu),道俗交得其旧式,村坞相属,多有塔寺。太延中(zhong)(zhong),凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)平,徙其国人(ren)于(yu)(yu)京邑,沙门(men)佛事(shi)皆(jie)俱东,象教(jiao)弥增矣。寻以(yi)沙门(men)众多,诏罢年五十(shi)已下(xia)者。
世(shi)祖初(chu)平赫连昌,得沙门惠始(shi),姓张。家本清河,闻罗(luo)什出(chu)新经(jing)(jing),遂诣长(zhang)安见之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),观习经(jing)(jing)典。坐(zuo)禅于白(bai)渠北(bei),昼则孰城听讲,夕则还处静坐(zuo)。三(san)辅(fu)有识多宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。刘裕(yu)灭姚泓,留(liu)(liu)子义真镇长(zhang)安,义真及僚佐皆敬重焉。义真之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去长(zhang)安也,赫连屈(qu)丐(gai)追(zhui)败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),道俗(su)少长(zhang)咸见坑戮。惠始(shi)身(shen)被白(bai)刃,而(er)体(ti)不伤。众大怪(guai)异,言于屈(qu)丐(gai)。屈(qu)丐(gai)大怒,召惠始(shi)于前,以所(suo)持宝剑击之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又不能害,乃(nai)惧而(er)谢(xie)罪。统(tong)万平,惠始(shi)到京都,多所(suo)训(xun)导(dao),时(shi)人莫(mo)测其迹。世(shi)祖甚重之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)加礼(li)敬。始(shi)自(zi)习禅,至于没世(shi),称(cheng)五十余年,未尝寝卧。或时(shi)跣行,虽履泥尘,初(chu)不污足,色(se)愈(yu)鲜白(bai),世(shi)号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰白(bai)脚师。太(tai)延中,临终于八角寺,齐洁(jie)端坐(zuo),僧徒满侧,凝(ning)泊而(er)绝。停(ting)尸十余日,坐(zuo)既不改,容色(se)如一(yi),举(ju)世(shi)神异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。遂瘗(yi)寺内。至真君六(liu)(liu)年,制城内不得留(liu)(liu)瘗(yi),乃(nai)葬(zang)于南郊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外。始(shi)死十年矣,开殡俨然,初(chu)不倾坏。送葬(zang)者六(liu)(liu)千余人,莫(mo)不感(gan)恸(tong)。中书监高允为其传,颂其德迹。惠始(shi)冢上,立石精舍,图其形像。经(jing)(jing)毁法时(shi),犹自(zi)全立。
世祖(zu)即位,富(fu)于(yu)春秋。既而锐志武功,每以平定祸乱为先。虽归宗佛法(fa),敬重(zhong)沙(sha)(sha)门(men),而未存览经教,深求缘报之(zhi)意(yi)。及得寇谦之(zhi)道,帝(di)(di)以清净无(wu)为,有(you)(you)仙化之(zhi)证(zheng),遂(sui)信(xin)行其(qi)术(shu)。时司(si)徒崔浩,博学(xue)多闻(wen),帝(di)(di)每访(fang)以大事。浩奉谦之(zhi)道,尤不(bu)信(xin)佛,与(yu)帝(di)(di)言,数加非毁,常(chang)谓虚诞,为世费害。帝(di)(di)以其(qi)辩博,颇(po)信(xin)之(zhi)。会盖(gai)(gai)吴反杏城,关中骚动,帝(di)(di)乃西伐,至于(yu)长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安。先是,长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安沙(sha)(sha)门(men)种麦寺(si)内(nei),御驺牧马(ma)于(yu)麦中,帝(di)(di)入观马(ma)。沙(sha)(sha)门(men)饮从官(guan)酒,从官(guan)入其(qi)便室,见大有(you)(you)弓矢(shi)矛(mao)盾,出以奏(zou)闻(wen)。帝(di)(di)怒曰(yue):“此非沙(sha)(sha)门(men)所用(yong),当与(yu)盖(gai)(gai)吴通谋(mou),规(gui)害人耳!”命有(you)(you)司(si)案诛一寺(si),阅其(qi)财产(chan),大得酿酒具(ju)及州郡(jun)牧守富(fu)人所寄藏物,盖(gai)(gai)以万计(ji)。又为屈室,与(yu)贵室女私行淫乱。帝(di)(di)既忿(fen)沙(sha)(sha)门(men)非法(fa),浩时从行,因(yin)进其(qi)说。诏(zhao)诛长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安沙(sha)(sha)门(men),焚破佛像,敕留台下四(si)方,令一依长(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)安行事。又诏(zhao)曰(yue):“彼沙(sha)(sha)门(men)者,假西戎(rong)虚诞,妄(wang)生妖(yao)孽,非所以一齐政化,布淳(chun)德于(yu)天下也(ye)。自王公已(yi)下,有(you)(you)私养沙(sha)(sha)门(men)者,皆送官(guan)曹,不(bu)得隐匿(ni)。限今年二(er)月十(shi)五日,过(guo)期不(bu)出,沙(sha)(sha)门(men)身(shen)死,容(rong)止者诛一门(men)。”
时(shi)恭(gong)宗(zong)为太子监国,素(su)敬佛道。频上表,陈(chen)刑杀沙(sha)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滥,又非(fei)图(tu)像(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪。今罢其道,杜诸(zhu)寺门(men),世(shi)(shi)不(bu)修奉,土木丹(dan)青,自然毁(hui)灭(mie)。如是(shi)再三,不(bu)许。乃下(xia)诏曰:“昔后(hou)(hou)汉荒(huang)君(jun),信惑邪伪,妄(wang)假(jia)睡梦,事胡(hu)(hu)妖鬼,以乱(luan)天(tian)常,自古九州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中无此(ci)也(ye)。夸诞大言(yan),不(bu)本人(ren)(ren)情。叔(shu)季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)暗君(jun)乱(luan)主,莫不(bu)眩焉。由(you)(you)是(shi)政教(jiao)不(bu)行,礼义大坏,鬼道炽盛(sheng),视王者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,蔑(mie)如也(ye)。自此(ci)以来,代经(jing)乱(luan)祸,天(tian)罚亟行,生民死尽(jin),五服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,鞠为丘墟,千里萧(xiao)条,不(bu)见(jian)人(ren)(ren)迹,皆(jie)(jie)由(you)(you)于此(ci)。朕承天(tian)绪(xu),属当穷运之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊,欲除伪定真(zhen),复羲(xi)农之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治。其一(yi)切荡除胡(hu)(hu)神(shen),灭(mie)其踪迹,庶无谢于风(feng)氏矣。自今以后(hou)(hou),敢(gan)有(you)事胡(hu)(hu)神(shen)及造形像(xiang)泥人(ren)(ren)、铜人(ren)(ren)者,门(men)诛(zhu)。虽(sui)言(yan)胡(hu)(hu)神(shen),问今胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren),共(gong)云无有(you)。皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)前世(shi)(shi)汉人(ren)(ren)无赖子弟刘元真(zhen)、吕伯强之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,乞胡(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诞言(yan),用老庄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚假(jia),附而益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)(jie)非(fei)真(zhen)实。至使王法废而不(bu)行,盖大奸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魁(kui)也(ye)。有(you)非(fei)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),然后(hou)(hou)能行非(fei)常之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。非(fei)朕孰能去此(ci)历代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伪物!有(you)司宣(xuan)(xuan)告(gao)征(zheng)镇诸(zhu)军、刺史,诸(zhu)有(you)佛图(tu)形像(xiang)及胡(hu)(hu)经(jing),尽(jin)皆(jie)(jie)击破焚烧(shao),沙(sha)门(men)无少长悉坑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)岁,真(zhen)君(jun)七年三月也(ye)。恭(gong)宗(zong)言(yan)虽(sui)不(bu)用,然犹缓宣(xuan)(xuan)诏书,远近皆(jie)(jie)豫闻知,得各为计。四方沙(sha)门(men),多亡匿获免,在京邑者,亦(yi)蒙(meng)全(quan)济。金(jin)银宝像(xiang)及诸(zhu)经(jing)论,大得秘(mi)藏。而土木宫(gong)塔,声教(jiao)所及,莫不(bu)毕毁(hui)矣。
始谦之与浩(hao)同从车驾,苦与浩(hao)净,浩(hao)不肯(ken),谓(wei)浩(hao)曰:“卿(qing)今促(cu)年受戮(lu),灭门户矣(yi)。”后四(si)年,浩(hao)诛(zhu)(zhu),备(bei)五刑(xing),时年七十。浩(hao)既诛(zhu)(zhu)死,帝(di)颇悔之。业已(yi)行(xing),难中(zhong)修复。恭宗潜欲兴之,未(wei)敢言也。佛沦废终帝(di)世(shi),积七八(ba)年。然禁稍宽(kuan)弛(chi),笃信之家(jia),得(de)密奉事,沙门专至者(zhe),犹窃法服诵习焉。唯不得(de)显行(xing)于(yu)京都矣(yi)。
先(xian)是,沙门昙曜有操尚(shang),又(you)为恭宗所知礼(li)。佛法(fa)之灭,沙门多以(yi)余能自(zi)效(xiao),还欲求见(jian)。曜誓欲守死,恭宗亲(qin)加劝喻(yu),至于再三(san),不(bu)得(de)已,乃止。密持(chi)法(fa)服(fu)器物,不(bu)暂(zan)离(li)身(shen),闻者(zhe)叹重之。
高宗(zong)践极,下(xia)诏曰:“夫为帝(di)(di)王者(zhe)(zhe),必祗奉明(ming)(ming)灵,显彰(zhang)仁(ren)道(dao),其(qi)(qi)能惠(hui)著生(sheng)民,济益群(qun)品者(zhe)(zhe),虽在(zai)古(gu)昔,犹序其(qi)(qi)风烈。是(shi)以《春秋(qiu)》嘉崇明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,祭典载功(gong)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)族。况释迦如来(lai)功(gong)济大千,惠(hui)流尘境,等生(sheng)死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)叹其(qi)(qi)达观,览文(wen)义者(zhe)(zhe)贵(gui)其(qi)(qi)妙明(ming)(ming),助王政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁律,益仁(ren)智之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)性(xing),排斥群(qun)邪,开(kai)演正觉。故(gu)前代(dai)已(yi)来(lai),莫不崇尚,亦我国(guo)家常所尊事(shi)也。世(shi)祖太(tai)武皇(huang)帝(di)(di),开(kai)广边荒,德泽遐及(ji)。沙门道(dao)士善(shan)行(xing)纯(chun)诚,惠(hui)始之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦,无(wu)远不至,风义相(xiang)感,往往如林。夫山海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深,怪物多(duo)有(you),奸淫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,得容假托,讲寺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,致有(you)凶(xiong)党。是(shi)以先(xian)朝(chao)因其(qi)(qi)瑕衅,戮其(qi)(qi)有(you)罪。有(you)司失旨,一切禁断。景穆皇(huang)帝(di)(di)每(mei)为慨然,值军国(guo)多(duo)事(shi),未(wei)遑修复(fu)。朕(zhen)承洪绪,君临万(wan)邦,思述(shu)先(xian)志(zhi),以隆斯道(dao)。今制诸(zhu)州郡(jun)县,于众居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,各(ge)听建佛图一区,任其(qi)(qi)财用,不制会(hui)限。其(qi)(qi)好乐道(dao)法,欲为沙门,不问长幼,出于良家,性(xing)行(xing)素笃(du),无(wu)诸(zhu)嫌(xian)秽,乡里所明(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),听其(qi)(qi)出家。率大州五十,小州四十人,其(qi)(qi)郡(jun)遥远台者(zhe)(zhe)十人。各(ge)当局分,皆足以化恶就善(shan),播(bo)扬道(dao)教也。”天(tian)下(xia)承风,朝(chao)不及(ji)夕,往时所毁图寺,仍还修矣。佛像经(jing)论(lun),皆复(fu)得显。
京(jing)师(shi)沙(sha)门师(shi)贤,本罽宾(bin)国(guo)(guo)王种人(ren),少(shao)入(ru)道(dao),东(dong)游凉城,凉平赴京(jing)。罢佛法时,师(shi)贤假(jia)为(wei)医术还俗,而守(shou)道(dao)不改。于修复(fu)日,即(ji)反(fan)沙(sha)门,其(qi)同辈五(wu)人(ren)。帝(di)乃亲为(wei)下(xia)(xia)发。师(shi)贤仍(reng)为(wei)道(dao)人(ren)统。是(shi)年,诏有司为(wei)石(shi)像(xiang)(xiang),令如帝(di)身。既成,颜上足下(xia)(xia),各(ge)有黑(hei)石(shi),冥同帝(di)体上下(xia)(xia)黑(hei)子(zi)。论(lun)者(zhe)以(yi)为(wei)纯(chun)诚所(suo)感。兴光(guang)元(yuan)年秋,敕有司于五(wu)缎大寺内,为(wei)太祖已下(xia)(xia)五(wu)帝(di),铸(zhu)释(shi)迦立像(xiang)(xiang)五(wu),各(ge)长一丈六尺,都用赤金(jin)二(er)万(wan)五(wu)千斤。太安初,有师(shi)子(zi)国(guo)(guo)胡沙(sha)门邪奢遗多、浮陀难提等五(wu)人(ren),奉佛像(xiang)(xiang)三,到京(jing)都。皆(jie)云,备历(li)西域(yu)诸国(guo)(guo),见佛影迹(ji)及(ji)肉髻,外国(guo)(guo)诸王相承,咸遣(qian)工(gong)匠,摹写其(qi)容,莫能(neng)及(ji)难提所(suo)造者(zhe),去十余步,视之(zhi)炳然,转近转微。又沙(sha)勒胡沙(sha)门,赴京(jing)师(shi)致佛钵并画(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)迹(ji)。
和平初(chu)(chu),师(shi)贤卒。昙曜(yao)(yao)(yao)代之(zhi),更名沙(sha)门统(tong)。初(chu)(chu)昙曜(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)复佛法(fa)之(zhi)明年,自中山被命赴京(jing),值帝(di)出,见于(yu)(yu)(yu)路,御(yu)马前衔曜(yao)(yao)(yao)衣,时(shi)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)马识善人。帝(di)后奉(feng)以(yi)师(shi)礼。昙曜(yao)(yao)(yao)白帝(di),于(yu)(yu)(yu)京(jing)城西(xi)武州(zhou)塞(sai),凿山石(shi)壁(bi),开窟五所(suo),镌建佛像(xiang)各一。高(gao)者(zhe)七十(shi)尺,次六十(shi)尺,雕饰奇(qi)伟,冠于(yu)(yu)(yu)一世。昙曜(yao)(yao)(yao)奏:平齐户及(ji)诸民,有能(neng)岁输谷(gu)六十(shi)斛入僧曹者(zhe),即(ji)为(wei)(wei)“僧祇户,粟(su)为(wei)(wei)“僧祇粟(su)”,至于(yu)(yu)(yu)俭岁,赈(zhen)给(ji)饥民。又(you)请(qing)民犯重罪(zui)及(ji)官奴(nu)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)“佛图户”,以(yi)供诸寺(si)(si)扫洒,岁兼营(ying)田(tian)输粟(su)。高(gao)宗并许(xu)之(zhi)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)僧祇户、粟(su)及(ji)寺(si)(si)户,遍(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)镇矣。昙曜(yao)(yao)(yao)又(you)兴(xing)天竺沙(sha)门常那邪舍等,译出新经十(shi)四部。又(you)有沙(sha)门道(dao)进、僧超、法(fa)存等,并有名于(yu)(yu)(yu)时(shi),演唱诸异(yi)。
显祖(zu)即位,敦(dun)信尤(you)深,览诸经论,好老庄(zhuang)。每引诸沙门(men)及能谈(tan)玄之士,与(yu)论理要。初,高(gao)宗太安(an)(an)末,刘骏于丹阳中兴(xing)(xing)寺(si)设斋。有一(yi)沙门(men),容止(zhi)独秀,举众往目,皆莫识焉(yan)。沙门(men)惠璩(qu)起(qi)(qi)问(wen)之,答(da)名惠明。又问(wen)所住,答(da)云,从天安(an)(an)寺(si)来(lai)(lai)。语讫,忽然不(bu)见。骏君臣以为(wei)(wei)(wei)灵感(gan),改中兴(xing)(xing)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天安(an)(an)寺(si)。是(shi)后(hou)七年而帝(di)践祚,号天安(an)(an)元年。是(shi)年,刘彧徐州(zhou)刺史薛(xue)安(an)(an)都始以城地来(lai)(lai)降。明年,尽(jin)有淮(huai)北之地。其岁,高(gao)祖(zu)诞载。于时起(qi)(qi)永宁寺(si),构七级佛图,高(gao)三百余尺,基架博(bo)敞(chang),为(wei)(wei)(wei)天下第一(yi)。又于天宫寺(si),造释迦立像。高(gao)四十三尺,用赤(chi)金(jin)十万斤,黄(huang)金(jin)六百斤。皇(huang)兴(xing)(xing)中,又构三级石佛图。榱栋楣(mei)楹,上下重结,大小皆石,高(gao)十丈。镇固巧密,为(wei)(wei)(wei)京华壮(zhuang)观(guan)。
高祖践位,显祖移御(yu)北苑崇光(guang)宫,览习(xi)玄籍(ji)。建鹿野佛图(tu)于苑中之西(xi)山,去崇光(guang)右十里,岩房禅堂,禅僧居其中焉(yan)。
延兴(xing)二年夏(xia)四月(yue),诏(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“比丘不在寺舍,游涉(she)村落(luo),交(jiao)通奸猾,经(jing)历年岁。令(ling)(ling)民(min)(min)间五(wu)五(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)保(bao),不得容止(zhi)。无(wu)籍之(zhi)(zhi)僧,精(jing)加隐括,有(you)(you)者(zhe)送(song)付(fu)州(zhou)镇(zhen),其在畿郡,送(song)付(fu)本曹(cao)。若为三宝巡民(min)(min)教(jiao)化(hua)者(zhe),在外赍(ji)州(zhou)镇(zhen)维那(nei)文移,在台(tai)者(zhe)赍(ji)都维那(nei)等(deng)印牒,然后听行(xing)(xing)。违者(zhe)加罪。”又(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“内外之(zhi)(zhi)人,兴(xing)建福(fu)(fu)业(ye),造立图寺,高(gao)敞显博(bo),亦足以辉(hui)隆至教(jiao)矣。然无(wu)知之(zhi)(zhi)徒,各相(xiang)(xiang)高(gao)尚,贫富相(xiang)(xiang)竞,费竭财产,务(wu)存高(gao)广,伤杀(sha)昆虫含生之(zhi)(zhi)类。苟能精(jing)致,累土(tu)聚沙,福(fu)(fu)钟不朽。欲(yu)建为福(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)因,未知伤生之(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)。朕(zhen)为民(min)(min)父母,慈养(yang)是务(wu)。自今一切断之(zhi)(zhi)。”又(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“夫信诚则应远,行(xing)(xing)笃则感深,历观先世灵(ling)(ling)瑞,乃有(you)(you)禽兽易色,草木移性。济州(zhou)东平郡,灵(ling)(ling)像(xiang)发辉(hui),变成金铜之(zhi)(zhi)色。殊常之(zhi)(zhi)事,绝(jue)于(yu)往古(gu);熙(xi)隆妙法,理(li)在当今。有(you)(you)司与沙门统(tong)昙曜令(ling)(ling)州(zhou)送(song)像(xiang)达都,使道俗咸睹(du)实相(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)容,普告天(tian)下,皆使闻知。”
三年十(shi)二月,显祖因田鹰获鸳鸯一(yi),其偶悲鸣,上下不(bu)去。帝(di)乃惕(ti)然,问左右(you)(you)曰:“此飞鸣者,为(wei)雌(ci)(ci)为(wei)雄?左右(you)(you)对曰:“臣以(yi)为(wei)雌(ci)(ci)。”帝(di)曰:“何(he)以(yi)知(zhi)?”对曰:“阳性(xing)刚,阴性(xing)柔(rou),以(yi)刚柔(rou)推(tui)之,必是(shi)(shi)雌(ci)(ci)矣。”帝(di)乃慨然而叹曰:“虽人鸟事别,至(zhi)于(yu)资识性(xing)情,竟何(he)异哉!”于(yu)是(shi)(shi)下诏,禁(jin)断鸷鸟,不(bu)得(de)畜焉(yan)。
承明(ming)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)月(yue)(yue),高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)于永(yong)宁(ning)寺(si),设太(tai)法(fa)供(gong),度(du)良(liang)家男(nan)女为(wei)(wei)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni)者(zhe)百(bai)(bai)有(you)余人(ren)(ren)(ren),帝(di)(di)为(wei)(wei)剃(ti)发,施(shi)(shi)以(yi)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)服,令修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)戒,资福于显祖(zu)(zu)。是(shi)月(yue)(yue),又(you)(you)(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)起建(jian)明(ming)寺(si)。太(tai)和(he)元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue),幸永(yong)宁(ning)寺(si)设斋,赦死(si)罪囚。三月(yue)(yue),又(you)(you)(you)幸永(yong)宁(ning)寺(si)设会,行(xing)道(dao)(dao)听讲,命中(zhong)、秘二(er)(er)省(sheng)与(yu)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)徒讨论佛义(yi),施(shi)(shi)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)衣服、宝器有(you)差。又(you)(you)(you)于方山太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)营垒之(zhi)处(chu),建(jian)思(si)远寺(si)。自正光至此,京(jing)城内寺(si)新旧且百(bai)(bai)所,僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni)二(er)(er)千(qian)余人(ren)(ren)(ren),四方诸(zhu)寺(si)六(liu)千(qian)四百(bai)(bai)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba),僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni)七(qi)(qi)万七(qi)(qi)千(qian)二(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春,诏(zhao)(zhao)以(yi)鹰师为(wei)(wei)报(bao)德寺(si)。九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋,有(you)司(si)奏,上谷(gu)郡比丘尼(ni)惠香,在(zai)北山松树下死(si)。尸形不坏。尔来三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),士女观者(zhe)有(you)千(qian)百(bai)(bai)。于时(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)皆异之(zhi)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)冬,有(you)司(si)又(you)(you)(you)奏:“前被(bei)敕以(yi)勒籍(ji)之(zhi)初(chu),愚民(min)(min)侥幸,假(jia)称入道(dao)(dao),以(yi)避输课,其无籍(ji)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni)罢遣(qian)还俗(su)。重被(bei)旨(zhi),所检僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni),寺(si)主、维那(nei)当寺(si)隐审。其有(you)道(dao)(dao)行(xing)精勤者(zhe),听仍在(zai)道(dao)(dao);为(wei)(wei)行(xing)凡(fan)粗者(zhe),有(you)籍(ji)无籍(ji),悉(xi)罢归齐民(min)(min)。今依旨(zhi)简(jian)遣(qian),其诸(zhu)州还俗(su)者(zhe),僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni)合一千(qian)三百(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”奏可(ke)(ke)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)诏(zhao)(zhao):“四月(yue)(yue)八(ba)日、七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)日,听大州度(du)一百(bai)(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)尼(ni),中(zhong)州五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),下州二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)常准(zhun),著于令。”十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)(zhao)立(li)《僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)制》四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)(qi)条。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue)(yue),帝(di)(di)幸徐州白塔寺(si)。顾谓诸(zhu)王及(ji)侍(shi)官(guan)曰:“此寺(si)近有(you)名僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)嵩(song)法(fa)师,受《成实论》于罗(luo)(luo)什,在(zai)此流通。后授渊(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)师,渊(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)师授登(deng)、纪二(er)(er)法(fa)师。朕每玩(wan)《成实论》,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)释人(ren)(ren)(ren)深(shen)情(qing)故至此寺(si)焉。”时(shi)沙门道(dao)(dao)登(deng),雅有(you)义(yi)业,为(wei)(wei)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)眷赏(shang),恆侍(shi)讲论。曾于禁内与(yu)帝(di)(di)夜(ye)谈,同(tong)(tong)见一鬼。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)卒,高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)甚悼惜之(zhi),诏(zhao)(zhao)施(shi)(shi)帛一千(qian)匹。又(you)(you)(you)设一切(qie)僧(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)(seng)斋,并命京(jing)城七(qi)(qi)日行(xing)道(dao)(dao)。又(you)(you)(you)诏(zhao)(zhao):“朕师登(deng)法(fa)师奄至徂背,痛(tong)怛摧恸,不能(neng)已已。比药治慎丧,未容即赴(fu),便(bian)准(zhun)师义(yi),哭诸(zhu)门外。”绩素之(zhi)。又(you)(you)(you)有(you)西域沙门名跋陀(tuo),有(you)道(dao)(dao)业,深(shen)为(wei)(wei)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)所敬信(xin)。诏(zhao)(zhao)于少室山阴,立(li)少林寺(si)而居之(zhi),公给衣供(gong)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)月(yue)(yue),诏(zhao)(zhao)曰:“罗(luo)(luo)什法(fa)师可(ke)(ke)谓神出五(wu)才,志入四行(xing)者(zhe)也。今常住寺(si),犹有(you)遗地,钦悦修(xiu)踪,情(qing)深(shen)遐远,可(ke)(ke)于旧堂所,为(wei)(wei)建(jian)三级浮(fu)图。又(you)(you)(you)见逼昏(hun)虐,为(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)殄躯,既暂同(tong)(tong)俗(su)礼,应有(you)子胤,可(ke)(ke)推(tui)访以(yi)闻,当加(jia)叙接。”
先是,立监福曹,又改为昭玄,备(bei)有官属,以断僧(seng)务。高(gao)祖时,沙门道(dao)顺(shun)、惠(hui)觉、僧(seng)意、惠(hui)纪、僧(seng)范、道(dao)弁、惠(hui)度、智(zhi)诞、僧(seng)显、僧(seng)义(yi)(yi)、僧(seng)利,并以义(yi)(yi)行知(zhi)重。
世宗(zong)即位,永平元(yuan)年(nian)秋,诏曰(yue):缁素既殊,法(fa)律(lv)(lv)亦异。故道教彰于互显(xian),禁(jin)劝各(ge)有所宜。自(zi)今(jin)已后,众僧(seng)(seng)犯(fan)(fan)杀人已上罪者(zhe)(zhe),仍依(yi)俗(su)断,余悉付(fu)昭玄,以内律(lv)(lv)僧(seng)(seng)制之(zhi)。二年(nian)冬,沙门统(tong)惠深上言:“僧(seng)(seng)尼(ni)浩旷,清浊混(hun)流,不(bu)遵禁(jin)典,精粗莫别。辄(zhe)与经(jing)律(lv)(lv)法(fa)师群议立制:诸州(zhou)、镇、郡维那、上坐、寺(si)(si)主,各(ge)令戒律(lv)(lv)自(zi)修,咸(xian)依(yi)内禁(jin),若不(bu)解(jie)律(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe),退其(qi)本(ben)次。又(you)(you),出家(jia)之(zhi)人,不(bu)应(ying)犯(fan)(fan)法(fa),积八(ba)不(bu)净(jing)物(wu)。然(ran)经(jing)律(lv)(lv)所制,通(tong)塞有方。依(yi)律(lv)(lv),车牛淫人,不(bu)净(jing)之(zhi)物(wu),不(bu)得为己(ji)私畜。唯有老(lao)病年(nian)六十(shi)以上者(zhe)(zhe),限听一乘。又(you)(you),比(bi)来(lai)僧(seng)(seng)尼(ni),或因(yin)三宝(bao),出贷私财。缘州(zhou)外(wai)。又(you)(you),出家(jia)舍著,本(ben)无凶仪,不(bu)应(ying)废道从俗(su)。其(qi)父母三师,远闻凶问,听哭三日。若在见前,限以七(qi)日。或有不(bu)安寺(si)(si)舍,游止民间,乱道生过,皆由此(ci)等。若有犯(fan)(fan)者(zhe)(zhe),脱服还民。其(qi)有造(zao)(zao)寺(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),限僧(seng)(seng)五十(shi)以上,启闻听造(zao)(zao)。若有辄(zhe)营置者(zhe)(zhe),处以违敕之(zhi)罪,其(qi)寺(si)(si)僧(seng)(seng)众摈出外(wai)州(zhou)。
僧(seng)尼(ni)之(zhi)法,不得为(wei)俗人所使(shi)。若有犯者,还(hai)配本属。其外国僧(seng)尼(ni)来(lai)归化者,求精检有德行合三藏者听(ting)住,若无德行,遣还(hai)本国,若其不去,依(yi)此(ci)僧(seng)制治(zhi)罪。”诏从(cong)之(zhi)。
先是,于恆农荆山(shan)造珉(min)玉(yu)丈六(liu)像(xiang)一。三年冬,迎置于洛滨之报(bao)德寺(si),世宗躬(gong)观致敬。
四年夏(xia),诏(zhao)曰:“僧(seng)祇之粟(su),本期济施(shi),俭年出(chu)贷,丰则收入(ru)。山林僧(seng)尼(ni),随以给施(shi);民有窘弊,亦(yi)即(ji)赈(zhen)之。但主司冒利(li),规取(qu)赢息,及其征责(ze),不计水(shui)旱,或偿(chang)利(li)过(guo)本,或翻改券(quan)契,侵蠹贫下,莫知纪(ji)极。细民嗟毒(du),岁(sui)月滋深(shen)。非所以矜(jin)此穷(qiong)乏,宗尚慈拯之本意(yi)也。自今已(yi)后,不得传委维那(nei)、都尉,可令刺史共加监括。尚书检诸有僧(seng)祇谷之处,州别(bie)列其元数,出(chu)入(ru)赢息,赈(zhen)给多少,并贷偿(chang)岁(sui)月,见在未收,上(shang)台(tai)录(lu)记。若(ruo)收利(li)过(guo)本,及翻改初(chu)券(quan),依律免(mian)之,忽复征责(ze)。或有私(si)债,转施(shi)偿(chang)僧(seng),即(ji)以丐民,不听(ting)收检。后有出(chu)贷,先尽贫穷(qiong),征债之科,一准旧格。富有之家,不听(ting)辄贷。脱(tuo)仍(reng)冒滥,依法(fa)治罪(zui)。”
又尚(shang)书令高(gao)肇奏(zou)言:“谨案:故沙门统昙曜,昔于承明元年,奏(zou)凉州(zhou)军户赵苟(gou)子(zi)等二(er)百家为僧(seng)(seng)祇户,立课积粟(su),拟(ni)(ni)济饥年,不(bu)(bu)限(xian)道俗,皆(jie)以拯施。又依(yi)内律(lv),僧(seng)(seng)祇户不(bu)(bu)得别属一寺。而(er)都维那僧(seng)(seng)暹、僧(seng)(seng)频等,进违(wei)成旨,退乖内法,肆意任(ren)情,奏(zou)求逼召,致使吁嗟之怨,盈于行(xing)道,弃子(zi)伤生(sheng),自(zi)缢(yi)溺死,五十(shi)余(yu)人。岂是(shi)仰赞圣明慈(ci)育之意,深失陛下归(gui)依(yi)之心。遂(sui)令此等,行(xing)号(hao)巷哭,叫诉无所(suo),至乃白(bai)羽贯耳,列讼宫阙(que)。悠悠之人,尚(shang)为哀痛,况慈(ci)悲之士,而(er)可(ke)安之。请(qing)听苟(gou)子(zi)等还乡课输,俭(jian)乏之年,周给贫寡,若有不(bu)(bu)虞,以拟(ni)(ni)边捍。其暹等违(wei)旨背(bei)律(lv),谬奏(zou)之愆(qian),请(qing)付(fu)昭(zhao)玄,依(yi)僧(seng)(seng)律(lv)推处。”诏曰:“暹等特(te)可(ke)原之,余(yu)如奏(zou)。”
世宗笃(du)好佛(fo)理(li),每年(nian)常(chang)于禁中,亲讲经论,广集名僧,标明义旨。沙门条录(lu),为《内起居(ju)》焉(yan)。上既崇之,下弥企尚。至延昌中,天下州郡僧尼(ni)寺,积有(you)一万三千七(qi)百二十七(qi)所(suo),徒侣逾众(zhong)。
熙平元(yuan)年(nian),诏遣沙门惠生(sheng)使西域,采(cai)诸经律(lv)。正光三年(nian)冬,还京师。所得(de)经论(lun)一百(bai)七十部,行于世。
二(er)年(nian)春(chun),灵(ling)太后令曰(yue):“年(nian)常(chang)度(du)僧(seng)(seng),依限大州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)应(ying)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)者(zhe),州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)郡于前十(shi)(shi)日(ri)解送(song)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)人(ren),其中州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)二(er)百(bai)(bai)人(ren),小州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)一(yi)百(bai)(bai)人(ren)。州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)统、维(wei)那与官及(ji)精(jing)练简(jian)取(qu)充数。若无精(jing)行,不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)滥采。若取(qu)非人(ren),刺史为首,以(yi)违(wei)旨论,太守、县(xian)令、纲僚节级连(lian)坐,统及(ji)维(wei)那移五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里外异州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)为僧(seng)(seng)。自今奴婢悉不(bu)(bu)听出家,诸王及(ji)亲贵,亦不(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)辄启请。有(you)犯(fan)者(zhe),以(yi)违(wei)旨论。其僧(seng)(seng)尼辄度(du)他人(ren)奴婢者(zhe),亦移五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里外为僧(seng)(seng)。僧(seng)(seng)尼多养亲识(shi)及(ji)他人(ren)奴婢子(zi),年(nian)大私(si)度(du)为弟子(zi),自今断之。有(you)犯(fan)还俗,被养者(zhe)归(gui)本等(deng)。寺主听容(rong)一(yi)人(ren),出寺五(wu)百(bai)(bai)里,二(er)人(ren)千里。私(si)度(du)之僧(seng)(seng),皆由三(san)(san)长(zhang)罪不(bu)(bu)及(ji)已,容(rong)多隐(yin)滥。自今有(you)一(yi)人(ren)私(si)度(du),皆以(yi)违(wei)旨论。邻(lin)长(zhang)为首,里、党各相(xiang)降一(yi)等(deng)。县(xian)满(man)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)人(ren),郡满(man)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)人(ren),州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)镇满(man)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)人(ren),免官,僚吏节级连(lian)坐。私(si)度(du)之身(shen),配当州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)下役。”时(shi)法禁(jin)宽褫(chi),不(bu)(bu)能改(gai)肃也(ye)。
景(jing)明(ming)初(chu),世宗(zong)(zong)诏(zhao)大长秋(qiu)卿白整准(zhun)代京灵岩(yan)寺石(shi)窟,于洛(luo)南伊阙山,为高祖、文昭皇太后营石(shi)窟二(er)(er)所。初(chu)建之始(shi),窟顶去地三(san)(san)(san)百一十(shi)(shi)尺(chi)。至正(zheng)始(shi)二(er)(er)年(nian)中(zhong),始(shi)出斩山二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)丈(zhang)。至大长秋(qiu)卿王质,谓(wei)斩山太高,费功难就(jiu),奏求下移就(jiu)平,去地一百尺(chi),南北一百四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)尺(chi)。永平中(zhong),中(zhong)尹(yin)刘腾奏为世宗(zong)(zong)复造石(shi)窟一,凡(fan)为三(san)(san)(san)所。从景(jing)明(ming)元年(nian)至正(zheng)光四(si)(si)年(nian)六(liu)月已(yi)前,用功八十(shi)(shi)万二(er)(er)千三(san)(san)(san)百六(liu)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)。肃(su)宗(zong)(zong)熙平中(zhong),于城内太社西,起永宁寺。灵太后亲率(lv)百僚,表基立刹。佛图九(jiu)层,高四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)余(yu)丈(zhang),其(qi)诸费用,不可胜(sheng)计。景(jing)明(ming)寺佛图,亦其(qi)亚也。至于官(guan)私寺塔,其(qi)数甚众。
神龟元年冬,司空公、尚书(shu)令、任城王澄奏曰:
仰惟高祖,定鼎(ding)嵩瀍,卜(bu)世悠远。虑括终台,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洽天人,造(zao)物开(kai)符,垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)万叶。故(gu)(gu)都城制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云,城内(nei)(nei)唯(wei)拟一(yi)永宁寺(si)地,郭内(nei)(nei)唯(wei)拟尼(ni)寺(si)一(yi)所,余悉城郭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai)。欲令永遵此(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),无(wu)敢逾矩。逮景(jing)(jing)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,微有(you)犯禁。故(gu)(gu)世宗仰修先志(zhi),爰发明旨,城内(nei)(nei)不(bu)造(zao)立浮图、僧(seng)(seng)尼(ni)寺(si)舍,亦欲绝其(qi)杀(sha)觊。文(wen)武二帝,岂不(bu)爱尚佛法,盖以道俗殊(shu)归,理无(wu)相(xiang)乱(luan)故(gu)(gu)也(ye)。但(dan)俗眩(xuan)虚声,僧(seng)(seng)贪厚润,虽(sui)有(you)显禁,犹(you)自冒营。至正(zheng)始三(san)年,沙(sha)门统惠深(shen)有(you)违景(jing)(jing)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁,便云:“营就之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寺(si),不(bu)忍移毁,求自今(jin)已后,更不(bu)听(ting)立。”先旨含(han)宽,抑(yi)典从请。前(qian)班(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏(zhao),仍卷(juan)不(bu)行,后来(lai)私谒,弥以奔竞。永平(ping)二年,深(shen)等复(fu)立条制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),启(qi)云“自今(jin)已后,欲造(zao)寺(si)者,限僧(seng)(seng)五十(shi)已上(shang),闻(wen)彻听(ting)造(zao)。若有(you)辄营置者,依(yi)俗违敕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,其(qi)寺(si)僧(seng)(seng)众,摈出外(wai)(wai)州(zhou)。”尔来(lai)十(shi)年,私营转盛(sheng),罪摈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),寂尔无(wu)闻(wen)。岂非(fei)朝格虽(sui)明,恃福共毁,僧(seng)(seng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒立,顾利(li)莫从者也(ye)。不(bu)俗不(bu)道,务为损法,人而无(wu)厌,其(qi)可极乎!
夫学(xue)迹冲(chong)妙,非浮识所辩;玄(xuan)门旷寂,岂短辞(ci)能究(jiu)。然净居尘外,道家所先,功缘冥深(shen),匪尚华遁(dun)。苟(gou)能诚信,童子聚(ju)沙(sha),可(ke)迈于(yu)(yu)道场;纯陀俭设,足荐(jian)于(yu)(yu)双树(shu)(shu)。何必纵(zong)其(qi)盗窃,资营寺观(guan)。此乃(nai)(nai)民(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多幸,非国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福也。然比日(ri)私(si)造(zao)(zao),动盈百(bai)数(shu)。或(huo)乘(cheng)请公地,辄树(shu)(shu)私(si)福;或(huo)启得造(zao)(zao)寺,限外广制(zhi)。如(ru)此欺罔,非可(ke)稍计。臣以(yi)才劣,诚忝(tian)工务,奉(feng)遵成规,裁(cai)量是总。所以(yi)披寻旧(jiu)旨,研究(jiu)图格(ge),辄遣府司(si)马陆(lu)昶、属崔孝芬,都城之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中及郭邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内检括寺舍,数(shu)乘(cheng)五百(bai),空地表刹,未立塔(ta)宇,不(bu)(bu)在(zai)其(qi)数(shu)。民(min)不(bu)(bu)畏(wei)法,乃(nai)(nai)至于(yu)(yu)斯(si)!自迁都已来(lai),年逾二纪,寺夺民(min)居,三(san)分且(qie)一。高祖立制(zhi),非徒欲使(shi)缁素殊途,抑亦防微深(shen)虑。世宗述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),亦不(bu)(bu)锢禁营福,当在(zai)杜塞(sai)未萌。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僧寺,无(wu)处不(bu)(bu)有(you)。或(huo)比满城邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,或(huo)连(lian)溢(yi)屠沽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肆(si),或(huo)三(san)五少僧,共为一寺。梵(fan)唱屠音,连(lian)檐接(jie)响,像塔(ta)缠于(yu)(yu)腥臊,性灵没于(yu)(yu)嗜欲,真(zhen)伪混居,往来(lai)纷杂(za)。下司(si)因(yin)习(xi)而莫非,僧曹(cao)对制(zhi)而不(bu)(bu)问。其(qi)于(yu)(yu)污染(ran)真(zhen)行,尘秽(hui)练僧,薰莸同器,不(bu)(bu)亦甚(shen)欤!往在(zai)北代,有(you)法秀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋;近日(ri)冀州(zhou),遭大乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变。皆初假(jia)神教,以(yi)惑(huo)众(zhong)心,终设奸诳,用逞私(si)悖。太和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),因(yin)法秀而杜远;景(jing)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禁,虑大乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)乱。始知(zhi)祖宗睿圣,防遏(e)处深(shen)。履霜坚冰,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)慎。
昔如(ru)来阐教,多依山林,今此僧徒,恋著(zhu)城(cheng)邑。岂湫隘是经行所宜(yi),浮諠必栖禅之(zhi)宅(zhai),当由利(li)引其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin),莫能(neng)自止(zhi)。处者(zhe)既失(shi)其(qi)(qi)真(zhen),造(zao)者(zhe)或(huo)损其(qi)(qi)福,乃释氏之(zhi)糟糠,法(fa)(fa)中之(zhi)社鼠,内(nei)戒所不容(rong),王典所应(ying)弃矣。非但(dan)京邑如(ru)此,天下州、镇僧寺(si)亦然。侵夺细民,广占田宅(zhai),有伤(shang)慈(ci)矜,用长嗟苦。且人心(xin)(xin)不同(tong),善恶亦异(yi)。或(huo)有栖心(xin)(xin)真(zhen)趣,道业清远者(zhe);或(huo)外假法(fa)(fa)服(fu),内(nei)怀悖德者(zhe)。如(ru)此之(zhi)徒,宜(yi)辨泾渭(wei)。若雷同(tong)一贯(guan),何(he)以(yi)劝善。然睹(du)法(fa)(fa)赞善,凡人所知(zhi);矫俗避嫌,物情同(tong)趣。臣独何(he)为,孤议独发(fa)。诚以(yi)国典一废,追理至难(nan),法(fa)(fa)网暂失(shi),条纲将乱。是以(yi)冒陈愚见,两愿其(qi)(qi)益。
臣闻设令在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)必(bi)行(xing),立(li)罚贵能(neng)肃物。令而(er)不(bu)行(xing),不(bu)如(ru)无令。罚不(bu)能(neng)肃,孰与亡罚。顷(qing)明(ming)诏屡下,而(er)造(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)滋(zi),严(yan)限骤施,而(er)违(wei)犯(fan)不(bu)息者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),岂不(bu)以(yi)(yi)假福托善,幸罪(zui)(zui)不(bu)加。人殉(xun)其(qi)(qi)私,吏难(nan)苟劾。前(qian)制无追(zhui)往之(zhi)(zhi)辜,后(hou)旨开自今之(zhi)(zhi)恕(shu),悠悠世情,遂(sui)忽成(cheng)法。今宜加以(yi)(yi)严(yan)科(ke),特设重(zhong)禁(jin),纠其(qi)(qi)来违(wei),惩其(qi)(qi)往失。脱不(bu)峻(jun)检,方垂(chui)容借,恐今旨虽(sui)明(ming),复如(ru)往日。又旨令所(suo)断,标榜(bang)礼拜之(zhi)(zhi)处,悉听(ting)不(bu)禁(jin)。愚以(yi)(yi)为,树榜(bang)无常,礼处难(nan)验,欲(yu)云有(you)(you)造(zao),立(li)榜(bang)证公,须营(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)辞,指言(yan)尝礼。如(ru)此(ci)则徒有(you)(you)禁(jin)名,实通(tong)造(zao)路。且徙御已后(hou),断诏四行(xing),而(er)私造(zao)之(zhi)(zhi)徒,不(bu)惧制旨。岂是(shi)百官(guan)有(you)(you)司,怠于(yu)(yu)(yu)奉(feng)(feng)法?将由网漏禁(jin)宽,容托有(you)(you)他故耳。如(ru)臣愚意,都城之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),虽(sui)有(you)(you)标榜(bang),营(ying)造(zao)粗功(gong),事(shi)可改立(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),请(qing)依先(xian)制。在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)郭外(wai),任择(ze)所(suo)便。其(qi)(qi)地(di)若(ruo)买得(de),券证分明(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),听(ting)其(qi)(qi)转之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)官(guan)地(di)盗作(zuo),即令还官(guan)。若(ruo)灵(ling)像既成(cheng),不(bu)可移撤,请(qing)依今敕,如(ru)旧(jiu)不(bu)禁(jin),悉令坊(fang)内行(xing)止,不(bu)听(ting)毁坊(fang)开门,以(yi)(yi)妨(fang)里内通(tong)巷。若(ruo)被(bei)旨者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),不(bu)在(zai)(zai)断限。郭内准(zhun)此(ci)商量。其(qi)(qi)庙(miao)像严(yan)立(li),而(er)逼近屠沽,请(qing)断旁屠杀,以(yi)(yi)洁灵(ling)居。虽(sui)有(you)(you)僧(seng)数,而(er)事(shi)在(zai)(zai)可移者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),今就闲敞,以(yi)(yi)避隘(ai)陋。如(ru)今年正月赦后(hou)造(zao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),求依僧(seng)制,案法科(ke)治。若(ruo)僧(seng)不(bu)满(man)五(wu)十者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),共相通(tong)容,小就大寺,必(bi)令充限。其(qi)(qi)地(di)卖还,一如(ru)上式。自今外(wai)州,若(ruo)欲(yu)造(zao)寺,僧(seng)满(man)五(wu)十已上,先(xian)令本州表列,昭(zhao)玄量审,奏(zou)听(ting)乃(nai)立(li)。若(ruo)有(you)(you)违(wei)犯(fan),悉依前(qian)科(ke)。州郡(jun)已下,容而(er)不(bu)禁(jin),罪(zui)(zui)同违(wei)旨。庶仰(yang)遵先(xian)皇不(bu)朽(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)业,俯奉(feng)(feng)今旨慈悲之(zhi)(zhi)令,则绳墨可全,圣道不(bu)坠矣(yi)。
奏(zou)可。未几,天下丧乱,加以(yi)河阴之(zhi)酷,朝士死者,其家多舍居宅,以(yi)施(shi)僧尼,京(jing)邑第舍,略(lve)为寺矣。前日禁令,不(bu)复(fu)行(xing)焉。
元(yuan)象(xiang)元(yuan)年秋,诏曰(yue):“梵境(jing)幽(you)玄,义归清旷,伽蓝(lan)净土,理绝(jue)嚣尘。前朝城(cheng)内(nei),先有(you)禁断,自(zi)聿来迁鄴,率由旧(jiu)章。而(er)百辟士民,届都(dou)之始,城(cheng)外新(xin)城(cheng),并皆给宅(zhai)(zhai)。旧(jiu)城(cheng)中(zhong)暂(zan)时普借(jie),更拟后须,非为(wei)(wei)永久。如闻诸人,多以二处(chu)得地(di),或舍(she)旧(jiu)城(cheng)所(suo)(suo)借(jie)之宅(zhai)(zhai),擅立(li)为(wei)(wei)寺(si)。知非己有(you),假此一名。终恐因习滋甚,有(you)亏恆式。宜付有(you)司(si),精(jing)加(jia)隐括。且城(cheng)中(zhong)旧(jiu)寺(si)及(ji)宅(zhai)(zhai),并有(you)定帐,其新(xin)立(li)之徒(tu),悉从(cong)毁(hui)废(fei)。”冬,又诏:“天(tian)下牧守令长,悉不听造寺(si)。若有(you)违者,不问(wen)财之所(suo)(suo)出,并计所(suo)(suo)营功庸,悉以枉法论。”兴和二年春(chun),诏以鄴城(cheng)旧(jiu)宫为(wei)(wei)天(tian)平寺(si)。
世(shi)宗以来至武定末(mo),沙(sha)门(men)知名者,有惠(hui)(hui)猛(meng)、惠(hui)(hui)辨、惠(hui)(hui)深、僧暹(xian)、道(dao)钦、僧献、道(dao)晞、僧深、惠(hui)(hui)光(guang)、惠(hui)(hui)显、法(fa)营、道(dao)长,并见重(zhong)于当世(shi)。
自(zi)魏有(you)(you)天下(xia),至于(yu)禅让,佛(fo)经流(liu)通,大(da)集(ji)中国,凡有(you)(you)四百(bai)一十五部,合一千九(jiu)百(bai)一十九(jiu)卷。正(zheng)光已后,天下(xia)多虞,工役(yi)尤甚,于(yu)是(shi)所(suo)在编民,相与入(ru)道(dao),假慕沙门,实(shi)避调役(yi),猥(wei)滥之(zhi)极,自(zi)中国之(zhi)有(you)(you)佛(fo)法(fa),未之(zhi)有(you)(you)也。略(lve)而计(ji)之(zhi),僧尼(ni)大(da)众二百(bai)万(wan)矣,其寺三万(wan)有(you)(you)余。流(liu)弊(bi)不归,一至于(yu)此,识者所(suo)以(yi)叹息也。
道家之(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan),出于(yu)老子。其(qi)自(zi)言也,先天地(di)生,以资万(wan)类(lei)。上处玉(yu)京,为神王之(zhi)(zhi)宗(zong);下在紫微,为飞仙之(zhi)(zhi)主。千变(bian)万(wan)化(hua),有(you)德(de)不(bu)德(de),随感应(ying)物,厥(jue)迹无(wu)常。授轩辕于(yu)峨嵋(mei),教(jiao)帝哨喾于(yu)牧德(de),大(da)禹(yu)闻长生之(zhi)(zhi)诀,尹喜受道德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)旨。至(zhi)于(yu)丹书紫字,升玄飞步之(zhi)(zhi)经;玉(yu)石金光,妙有(you)灵(ling)洞之(zhi)(zhi)说。如此之(zhi)(zhi)文,不(bu)可胜纪(ji)。其(qi)为教(jiao)也,咸蠲去邪累(lei),澡雪(xue)心神,积行(xing)树功,累(lei)德(de)增善,乃至(zhi)白(bai)日(ri)升天,长生世上。所(suo)以秦(qin)皇、汉(han)武(wu),甘心不(bu)息。灵(ling)帝置(zhi)华(hua)盖于(yu)灌龙(long),设(she)坛场而为礼。及(ji)张(zhang)陵受道于(yu)鹄鸣,因传天宫章本千有(you)二(er)百(bai),弟子相授,其(qi)事大(da)行(xing)。齐(qi)祠跪拜,各成法(fa)道。有(you)三元(yuan)九府、百(bai)二(er)十官,一切诸神,咸所(suo)统摄。又称劫(jie)数,颇类(lei)佛经。其(qi)延康、龙(long)汉(han)、赤明、开(kai)皇之(zhi)(zhi)属,皆其(qi)名也。及(ji)其(qi)劫(jie)终,称天地(di)俱坏(huai)。其(qi)书多(duo)有(you)禁秘,非其(qi)徒也,不(bu)得辄观。至(zhi)于(yu)化(hua)金销玉(yu),行(xing)符敕水,奇方妙术,万(wan)等(deng)千条,上云羽化(hua)飞天,次(ci)称消灾(zai)灭祸。故(gu)好(hao)异(yi)者往往而尊事之(zhi)(zhi)。
初(chu)文帝入宾于(yu)晋,从者务勿尘,姿神奇伟(wei),登仙(xian)于(yu)伊阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山寺(si)。识者咸(xian)云魏祚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将大。太祖好老(lao)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,诵(song)咏(yong)不倦。天兴中,仪曹郎董(dong)谧因献服(fu)食仙(xian)经(jing)数十(shi)篇。于(yu)是置仙(xian)人(ren)博士,立仙(xian)坊,煮炼百药,封西山以供其(qi)薪蒸。令(ling)死(si)罪者试服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非其(qi)本心,多死(si)无验。太祖犹将修(xiu)焉。太医(yi)周澹,苦其(qi)煎(jian)采之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役(yi),欲废其(qi)事(shi)。乃阴(yin)令(ling)妻货仙(xian)人(ren)博士张曜(yao)妾(qie),得曜(yao)隐罪。曜(yao)惧死(si),因请辟谷。太祖许之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),给曜(yao)资用(yong),为造(zao)静堂于(yu)苑中,给洒(sa)扫(sao)民二(er)家。而(er)炼药之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),仍(reng)为不息。久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),太祖意少(shao)懈,乃止。
世祖时,道(dao)(dao)士(shi)寇谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),字辅真,南雍(yong)州刺史赞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弟,自(zi)(zi)云寇恂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十三(san)世孙。早好仙(xian)道(dao)(dao),有(you)(you)绝(jue)俗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。少修张鲁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术(shu),服食饵(er)药(yao)(yao)(yao),历(li)年无(wu)效(xiao)。幽诚上达,有(you)(you)仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)成公(gong)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),不知何许人(ren)(ren)(ren),至谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)从(cong)母家佣赁。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尝觐其姨,见(jian)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)形貌甚强,力(li)作(zuo)(zuo)不倦,请(qing)回赁兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)代己使役(yi)。乃(nai)将还,令其开舍(she)南辣田。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)树下坐(zuo)算(suan),兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)垦(ken)一发(fa)致勤(qin),时来看(kan)算(suan)。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓曰(yue)(yue):“汝(ru)但力(li)作(zuo)(zuo),何为看(kan)此?”二(er)(er)三(san)日(ri)后,复来看(kan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如此不已。后谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)七(qi)曜(yao),有(you)(you)所不了,惘然(ran)自(zi)(zi)失。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)生何为不怿(yi)?”谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“我(wo)学算(suan)累(lei)年,而(er)近(jin)算(suan)《周髀》不合,以(yi)此自(zi)(zi)愧。且非汝(ru)所知,何劳问(wen)也。”兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)生试随兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)语(yu)布之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”俄然(ran)便决。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹(tan)伏,不测兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)浅深(shen),请(qing)师事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)固(gu)辞不肯,但求(qiu)谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为弟子。未几,谓谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)生有(you)(you)意学道(dao)(dao),岂能(neng)与兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)隐遁?”谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欣然(ran)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乃(nai)令谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)洁斋三(san)日(ri),共入华山(shan)。令谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居一石(shi)室,自(zi)(zi)出(chu)采药(yao)(yao)(yao),还与谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食药(yao)(yao)(yao),不复饥。乃(nai)将谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)入嵩(song)山(shan)。有(you)(you)三(san)重(zhong)石(shi)室,令谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)住第二(er)(er)重(zhong)。历(li)年,兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)谓谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)出(chu)后,当(dang)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)将药(yao)(yao)(yao)来。得(de)(de)但食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),莫为疑(yi)怪。”寻有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)将药(yao)(yao)(yao)而(er)至,皆是毒(du)虫臭恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大惧出(chu)走。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)还问(wen)状,谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具对,兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)叹(tan)息曰(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)生未便得(de)(de)仙(xian),政可为帝王(wang)师耳。”兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)事谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七(qi)年,而(er)谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不得(de)(de)久留,明(ming)日(ri)中应去。兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亡(wang)后,先(xian)(xian)生幸(xing)为沐浴,自(zi)(zi)当(dang)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)见(jian)迎。”兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乃(nai)入第三(san)重(zhong)石(shi)室而(er)卒(zu)。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)躬自(zi)(zi)沐浴。明(ming)日(ri)中,有(you)(you)叩石(shi)室者,谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)视,见(jian)两童(tong)子,一持法服,一持钵及锡(xi)杖(zhang)。谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)引入,至兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尸所,兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)欻然(ran)而(er)起,著(zhu)衣持钵、执杖(zhang)而(er)去。先(xian)(xian)是,有(you)(you)京兆灞(ba)城人(ren)(ren)(ren)王(wang)胡兒,其叔父亡(wang),颇(po)有(you)(you)灵异。曾将胡兒至嵩(song)高别岭,同行观望,见(jian)金室玉(yu)堂,有(you)(you)一馆尤珍丽,空(kong)而(er)无(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren),题曰(yue)(yue)“成公(gong)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馆”。胡兒怪而(er)问(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其叔父曰(yue)(yue)“此是仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)成公(gong)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)馆,坐(zuo)失火烧七(qi)间屋,被谪为寇谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)弟子七(qi)年。”始知谦(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精诚远(yuan)通,兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)乃(nai)仙(xian)者谪满而(er)去。
谦之(zhi)(zhi)守志嵩(song)岳(yue),精专(zhuan)不懈,以(yi)神瑞(rui)二年十(shi)月乙(yi)卯,忽遇大神,乘云驾龙,导(dao)从(cong)百(bai)灵(ling),仙(xian)人玉(yu)女,左右侍卫,集止山(shan)顶,称(cheng)太上老(lao)君。谓(wei)谦之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“往辛亥年,嵩(song)岳(yue)镇灵(ling)集仙(xian)宫主,表天(tian)(tian)曹,称(cheng)自(zi)天(tian)(tian)师(shi)张陵去(qu)世(shi)已来,地上旷诚,修善之(zhi)(zhi)人,无所师(shi)授(shou)。嵩(song)岳(yue)道士上谷(gu)寇(kou)谦之(zhi)(zhi),立身直理(li),行合(he)自(zi)然,才任轨(gui)范,首处(chu)师(shi)位(wei)(wei),吾(wu)故来观汝(ru),授(shou)汝(ru)天(tian)(tian)师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei),赐汝(ru)《云中音诵新科之(zhi)(zhi)诫(jie)》二十(shi)卷。号曰‘并进’。言:“吾(wu)此(ci)经诫(jie),自(zi)天(tian)(tian)地开(kai)辟已来,不传于世(shi),今运数应(ying)出。汝(ru)宣(xuan)吾(wu)《新科》,清整道教,除(chu)去(qu)三张伪法(fa),租米钱税,及男女合(he)气之(zhi)(zhi)术。大道清虚(xu),岂有斯事。专(zhuan)以(yi)礼度为首,而加之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)服食闭练。”使王九疑人长客之(zhi)(zhi)等十(shi)二人,授(shou)谦之(zhi)(zhi)服气导(dao)引口诀之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)。遂(sui)得辟谷(gu),气盛体(ti)轻,颜色殊丽。弟子十(shi)余人,皆得其术。
泰常八年十(shi)(shi)(shi)月戊戌,有(you)(you)(you)牧(mu)土(tu)(tu)上师(shi)李谱文来(lai)临(lin)嵩岳(yue),云:老君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玄(xuan)孙,昔居代郡桑乾,以(yi)汉(han)武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)(shi)得道(dao),为(wei)牧(mu)土(tu)(tu)宫(gong)主(zhu),领治三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)土(tu)(tu)人(ren)鬼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。地方十(shi)(shi)(shi)八万(wan)(wan)里有(you)(you)(you)奇,盖历术(shu)一(yi)章(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。其中为(wei)方万(wan)(wan)里者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)(you)三百六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)方。遣弟(di)子宣教(jiao),云嵩岳(yue)所统广汉(han)平(ping)土(tu)(tu)方万(wan)(wan)里,以(yi)授(shou)谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。作诰曰(yue):“吾处天(tian)宫(gong),敷演真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)法(fa)(fa),处汝(ru)道(dao)年二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)岁,除十(shi)(shi)(shi)年为(wei)竟蒙,其余(yu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)年,教(jiao)化(hua)虽无大功,且有(you)(you)(you)百授(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劳(lao)。今赐汝(ru)迁入内(nei)宫(gong),太(tai)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)太(tai)宝九州真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)师(shi)、治鬼师(shi)、治民(min)师(shi)、继(ji)天(tian)师(shi)四(si)录(lu)。修(xiu)勤(qin)不懈,依(yi)劳(lao)复迁。赐汝(ru)《天(tian)中三真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)太(tai)文录(lu)》,劾召百神,以(yi)授(shou)弟(di)子。《文录(lu)》有(you)(you)(you)五(wu)等,一(yi)曰(yue)阴(yin)阳太(tai)官(guan),二(er)曰(yue)正(zheng)(zheng)府真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)官(guan),三曰(yue)正(zheng)(zheng)房真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)官(guan),四(si)曰(yue)宿宫(gong)散官(guan),五(wu)曰(yue)并进录(lu)主(zhu)。坛位、礼拜、衣(yi)(yi)冠仪(yi)式各有(you)(you)(you)差(cha)品。凡六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)卷,号曰(yue)《录(lu)图真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)经》。付汝(ru)奉持,辅佐北(bei)方泰平(ping)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)君,出天(tian)宫(gong)静(jing)轮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)。能兴造克就,则起真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)仙矣。又地上生民(min),末劫垂及,其中行教(jiao)甚难。但令男女立坛宇(yu),朝夕(xi)礼拜,若(ruo)家有(you)(you)(you)严君,功及上世(shi)(shi)。其中能修(xiu)身练药,学长生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术(shu),即为(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)君种(zhong)民(min)。”药别授(shou)方,销练金(jin)丹、云英(ying)、八石、玉浆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa),皆有(you)(you)(you)决要。上师(shi)李君手笔有(you)(you)(you)数篇,其余(yu),皆正(zheng)(zheng)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)书曹赵道(dao)复所书。古文鸟(niao)迹,篆隶杂体(ti),辞(ci)义(yi)约辩,婉而(er)成章(zhang)。大自与世(shi)(shi)礼相准,择贤推德,信者(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)先,勤(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又言二(er)仪(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间有(you)(you)(you)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)天(tian),中有(you)(you)(you)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)宫(gong),宫(gong)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)主(zhu)。最高者(zhe)(zhe)无极至尊,次(ci)曰(yue)大至真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)尊,次(ci)天(tian)复地载阴(yin)阳真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)尊。次(ci)洪正(zheng)(zheng)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)尊,洪赵名道(dao)隐,以(yi)殷时得道(dao),牧(mu)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)也(ye)。牧(mu)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)来(lai),赤(chi)松(song)、王乔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦,及韩终、张安(an)世(shi)(shi)、刘根、张陵,近(jin)世(shi)(shi)仙者(zhe)(zhe),并为(wei)翼(yi)从。牧(mu)土(tu)(tu)命(ming)谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)子,与群仙结为(wei)徒友。幽(you)冥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),世(shi)(shi)所不了,谦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具问(wen),一(yi)一(yi)告焉(yan)。《经》云:佛者(zhe)(zhe),昔于西(xi)胡(hu)得道(dao),在四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)天(tian),为(wei)延(yan)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)宫(gong)主(zhu)。勇(yong)猛苦教(jiao),故其弟(di)子皆髡形染衣(yi)(yi),断绝人(ren)道(dao),诸天(tian)衣(yi)(yi)服悉然。
始光初,奉其(qi)书而(er)献之(zhi)(zhi),世祖(zu)乃令谦之(zhi)(zhi)止于(yu)(yu)张曜之(zhi)(zhi)所,供其(qi)食物。时(shi)朝野(ye)闻之(zhi)(zhi),若存若亡,未全(quan)信也。崔浩(hao)独异其(qi)言,因师事之(zhi)(zhi),受其(qi)法(fa)术。于(yu)(yu)是上疏(shu),赞(zan)明其(qi)事曰:“臣闻圣(sheng)(sheng)王受命,则有天应。而(er)《河图》、《洛书》,皆寄(ji)言于(yu)(yu)虫兽之(zhi)(zhi)文。未若今日人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)神接对,手笔粲然,辞旨深妙,自(zi)古无比。昔汉(han)高虽复英圣(sheng)(sheng),四皓犹或(huo)耻之(zhi)(zhi),不为屈(qu)节。今清德隐仙,不召(zhao)自(zi)至。斯诚陛(bi)下(xia)侔踪轩黄,应天之(zhi)(zhi)符(fu)也,岂可以世俗常谈,而(er)忽(hu)上灵(ling)之(zhi)(zhi)命。臣窃惧(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)。”世祖(zu)欣然,乃使谒(ye)者奉玉(yu)帛牲牢(lao),祭嵩岳,迎致(zhi)其(qi)余弟子在山中者。于(yu)(yu)是崇奉天师,显扬新法(fa),宣布天下(xia),道(dao)业大(da)行。浩(hao)事天师,拜礼甚谨。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)或(huo)讥(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)。浩(hao)闻之(zhi)(zhi)曰:“昔张释之(zhi)(zhi)为王生结衤(yi)蔑(mie)”吾(wu)虽才非(fei)贤(xian)哲,今奏天师,足以不愧(kui)于(yu)(yu)古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)矣。”及(ji)嵩高道(dao)士四十余人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)至,遂起天师道(dao)场于(yu)(yu)京城之(zhi)(zhi)东南,重坛五(wu)层,遵其(qi)新经之(zhi)(zhi)制。给道(dao)士百二(er)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)衣食,齐肃祈请,六(liu)时(shi)礼拜,月设(she)厨(chu)会数千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)将讨赫连昌,太尉(wei)长孙嵩(song)难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)乃问幽征于(yu)谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)对曰(yue):“必(bi)克。陛下神武应期,天(tian)经(jing)(jing)下治,当以(yi)兵定九州,后文先武,以(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)太平(ping)真君。”真君三年,谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏曰(yue):“今(jin)陛下以(yi)真君御世(shi),建静(jing)轮天(tian)宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,开古以(yi)来,未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有也。应登受符(fu)书(shu),以(yi)彰圣德(de)。”世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。于(yu)是亲至道坛,受符(fu)录。备法驾,旗帜尽(jin)青,以(yi)从(cong)道家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色也。自后诸帝,每(mei)即位皆如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。恭(gong)宗见谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏造静(jing)轮宫,必(bi)令其高(gao)不(bu)闻鸡(ji)鸣(ming)狗吠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng),欲上与(yu)天(tian)神交(jiao)接,功役万计,经(jing)(jing)年不(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)。乃言于(yu)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue):“人天(tian)道殊,卑高(gao)定分(fen)。今(jin)谦(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲要以(yi)无成(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期,说以(yi)不(bu)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,财力费损,百(bai)姓疲劳,无乃不(bu)可乎?必(bi)如其言,未若因东(dong)山(shan)万仞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,为功差(cha)易。”世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)深然恭(gong)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,但以(yi)崔浩赞成(cheng)(cheng),难违其意(yi),沉吟者久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃曰(yue):“吾亦知其无成(cheng)(cheng),事既(ji)尔,何惜五三百(bai)功。”
九年,谦(qian)之(zhi)卒,葬以道士之(zhi)礼(li)。先于(yu)未亡,谓诸弟(di)子曰:“及谦(qian)之(zhi)在,汝曹可求迁录。吾(wu)去之(zhi)后,天宫真难就。”复遇设(she)会(hui)之(zhi)日(ri),更布二席于(yu)上(shang)师坐(zuo)前(qian)(qian)。弟(di)子问(wen)其故,谦(qian)之(zhi)曰:“仙官来。”是(shi)夜卒。前(qian)(qian)一日(ri),忽(hu)言(yan)“吾(wu)气息不接,腹中大痛”,而行止(zhi)如(ru)常,至(zhi)明旦便终。须臾,口中气状若(ruo)烟云,上(shang)出窗中,至(zhi)天半(ban)乃(nai)消。尸(shi)体引长(zhang),弟(di)子量之(zhi),八尺三(san)寸(cun)。三(san)日(ri)已后,稍(shao)缩,至(zhi)敛量之(zhi),长(zhang)六寸(cun)。于(yu)是(shi)诸弟(di)子以为尸(shi)解变(bian)化(hua)而去,不死也。
时有京兆人(ren)(ren)(ren)韦(wei)文(wen)(wen)秀(xiu),隐(yin)(yin)于嵩(song)高(gao),征(zheng)诣京师。世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)曾(ceng)问方(fang)(fang)士(shi)金(jin)丹事(shi),多曰(yue)可(ke)成(cheng)。文(wen)(wen)秀(xiu)对(dui)(dui)曰(yue):“神(shen)道(dao)幽昧,变化难(nan)测(ce),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暗(an)遇,难(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)预期。臣昔者受(shou)教于先师,曾(ceng)闻(wen)(wen)其事(shi),未之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)也。”世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)秀(xiu)关右豪族,风操温雅,言对(dui)(dui)有方(fang)(fang),遣(qian)与(yu)尚(shang)书崔赜(ze)诣王(wang)屋(wu)山(shan)合丹,竟不(bu)(bu)能就(jiu)。时方(fang)(fang)士(shi)至者前后数(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。河东(dong)祁纤(xian),好相人(ren)(ren)(ren)。世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)贤之(zhi)(zhi),拜纤(xian)上大夫。颍阳绛(jiang)略、闻(wen)(wen)喜吴劭,道(dao)引养(yang)气,积(ji)年(nian)百余(yu)岁(sui),神(shen)气不(bu)(bu)衰(shuai)。恆(heng)农阎平(ping)仙(xian),博(bo)览百家之(zhi)(zhi)言,然不(bu)(bu)能达其意,辞(ci)占应(ying)对(dui)(dui),义(yi)旨可(ke)听。世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)欲(yu)授之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan),终辞(ci)不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。扶风鲁(lu)祈(qi),遭赫连屈孑暴虐,避地寒山(shan),教授弟子数(shu)百人(ren)(ren)(ren),好方(fang)(fang)术,少(shao)嗜欲(yu)。河东(dong)罗崇(chong)(chong)(chong)之(zhi)(zhi),常饵松脂,不(bu)(bu)食五谷,自称(cheng)受(shou)道(dao)于中条山(shan)。世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)令崇(chong)(chong)(chong)还乡里,立(li)坛祈(qi)请。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)云(yun):“条山(shan)有穴,与(yu)昆(kun)仑、蓬莱(lai)相属(shu)。入穴中得见(jian)仙(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)往来(lai)。”诏令河东(dong)郡给(ji)所(suo)须(xu)。崇(chong)(chong)(chong)入穴,行(xing)百余(yu)步(bu),遂穷。后召(zhao)至,有司以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)崇(chong)(chong)(chong)诬罔不(bu)(bu)道(dao),奏治之(zhi)(zhi)。世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)曰(yue)“崇(chong)(chong)(chong)修道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),岂至欺妄(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)诈于世(shi),或传闻(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)审,而(er)至于此。古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)君子,进人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼,退人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼。今治之(zhi)(zhi),是伤(shang)朕待(dai)贤之(zhi)(zhi)意。”遂赦之(zhi)(zhi)。又有东(dong)莱(lai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)王(wang)道(dao)翼,少(shao)有绝(jue)俗之(zhi)(zhi)志,隐(yin)(yin)韩(han)信山(shan),四十余(yu)年(nian),断粟食麦,通达经章,书符录。常隐(yin)(yin)居深山(shan),不(bu)(bu)交世(shi)务,年(nian)六十余(yu)。显(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)闻(wen)(wen)而(er)召(zhao)焉。青州刺(ci)史韩(han)颓遣(qian)使就(jiu)山(shan)征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi),翼乃赴都。显(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其仍守本操,遂令僧曹给(ji)衣食,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)终其身。
太(tai)和十五(wu)年秋,诏(zhao)曰(yue):“夫至道(dao)无(wu)形,虚(xu)寂为主。自有汉以(yi)后,置立(li)坛祠,先朝(chao)以(yi)其至顺可归,用立(li)寺宇。昔京城之(zhi)内,居(ju)舍尚希。今者里宅栉比,人神(shen)猥凑,非(fei)所(suo)以(yi)祗崇至法(fa),清敬(jing)神(shen)道(dao)。可移于都南桑(sang)乾(qian)之(zhi)阴,岳山之(zhi)阳(yang),永置其所(suo)。给户(hu)五(wu)十,以(yi)供斋祀之(zhi)用,仍名为崇虚(xu)寺。可召诸州(zhou)隐士,员满(man)九十人。”
迁洛移鄴,踵如故事。其道坛在南郊,方二步,以正月七日、七月七日、十月十五日,坛主、道士、高人一百六人,以行拜祠之礼。诸道士罕能精至,又无才术可高。武定六年,有司执奏罢之。其有道术,如河东张远游、河间赵静通等,齐文襄王别置馆京师而礼接焉。
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