志第十一(yi) 礼四(si)之二(er)
世宗景明(ming)(ming)(ming)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)夏六(liu)(liu)月(yue),秘书丞孙惠蔚上言:“臣(chen)(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li),莫(mo)(mo)崇明(ming)(ming)(ming)祀,祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)者(zhe),莫(mo)(mo)过禘(di)(di)(di)佩(pei),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)严(yan)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)敬宗,追养(yang)继孝,合(he)(he)享圣(sheng)(sheng)灵,审(shen)谛(di)昭(zhao)(zhao)穆,迁毁(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)恆,制(zhi)尊卑(bei),有(you)(you)(you)定体(ti),诚悫著于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中,百顺应(ying)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惟(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)创制(zhi),为(wei)(wei)建邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典;仲尼述(shu)定,为(wei)(wei)不(bu)刊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)式。暨秦燔(fan)《诗》《书》,鸿籍泯灭。汉(han)氏(shi)(shi)兴求,拾(shi)缀遗(yi)篆(zhuan),淹中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经,孔(kong)(kong)安所(suo)(suo)得,唯有(you)(you)(you)卿大(da)(da)(da)(da)夫(fu)士馈食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)篇。而(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)子诸侯(hou)享庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)、禘(di)(di)(di)佩(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)尽亡。曲台之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《记(ji)》,戴氏(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)述(shu),然多(duo)载尸灌(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,牲献之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数,而(er)(er)(er)行事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,备物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体(ti),蔑有(you)(you)(you)具焉。今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取(qu)证(zheng),唯有(you)(you)(you)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》一(yi)简(jian),《公羊》一(yi)册。考此(ci)(ci)二(er)(er)(er)书,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求厥旨。自(zi)余(yu)经传(chuan),虽(sui)时(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)片记(ji),至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)取(qu)正,无可(ke)依揽。是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)两(liang)汉(han)渊儒、魏晋硕(shuo)学(xue),咸据斯文,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)朝(chao)典。然持论有(you)(you)(you)深(shen)浅(qian),及(ji)义有(you)(you)(you)精(jing)浮(fu),故(gu)令(ling)传(chuan)记(ji)虽(sui)一(yi),而(er)(er)(er)探意乖舛。伏惟(wei)(wei)孝文皇帝,合(he)(he)德乾元,应(ying)灵诞载,玄思洞(dong)微,神心(xin)暢古(gu)(gu),礼(li)(li)(li)括(kuo)商周,乐宣(xuan)《韶濩》,六(liu)(liu)籍幽而(er)(er)(er)重昭(zhao)(zhao),五典沦而(er)(er)(er)复显,举(ju)二(er)(er)(er)经于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和中,一(yi)姬公于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)洛邑(yi)。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)睿哲渊凝,钦明(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)极,应(ying)必世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期,属功(gong)成(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会(hui),继文垂则,实惟(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)武。而(er)(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)趾(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)殷,国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi);蒸尝合(he)(he)享,朝(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛礼(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)先(xian)皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)留心(xin),圣(sheng)(sheng)怀以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)永慕。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)司疑(yi) 宗初开,致礼(li)(li)(li)清(qing)庙(miao)(miao),敢竭愚(yu)管,辄陈(chen)所(suo)(suo)怀。谨案(an)(an)《王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》曰(yue):‘天(tian)(tian)子犆罐、祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)趾(zhi)(zhi)、祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)尝、祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)蒸。’郑(zheng)玄曰(yue)‘天(tian)(tian)子诸侯(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧毕(bi),合(he)(he)先(xian)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。后(hou)因(yin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)常’,‘鲁礼(li)(li)(li),三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧毕(bi)而(er)(er)(er)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)禘(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)群(qun)庙(miao)(miao),自(zi)尔(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)再殷祭(ji)(ji),一(yi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)’。《春(chun)秋(qiu)公羊》鲁文二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian):‘八(ba)月(yue)丁卯,大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao)(miao)。’《传(chuan)》曰(yue):‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)者(zhe)何(he)(he)?大(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye),大(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)何(he)(he)?合(he)(he)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,陈(chen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。未毁(hui)(hui)庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主,皆(jie)升,合(he)(he)食(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)再殷祭(ji)(ji)。’何(he)(he)休(xiu)曰(yue):‘陈(chen)者(zhe),就(jiu)陈(chen)列太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)前(qian)。太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)东乡(xiang),昭(zhao)(zhao)南(nan)乡(xiang),穆北乡(xiang),其余(yu)孙从王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)父(fu)。父(fu)曰(yue)昭(zhao)(zhao),子曰(yue)穆。’又(you)曰(yue):‘殷,盛也(ye)(ye),谓(wei)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)(di)。禘(di)(di)(di)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)异(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe),功(gong)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)皆(jie)祭(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)。祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)犹合(he)(he)也(ye)(ye),禘(di)(di)(di)犹谛(di)也(ye)(ye),审(shen)谛(di)无所(suo)(suo)遗(yi)失。’察记(ji)传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,何(he)(he)、郑(zheng)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)趾(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,略可(ke)得闻(wen)(wen)。然则三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧毕(bi),祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)祀,遍(bian)禘(di)(di)(di)群(qun)庙(miao)(miao)。此(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正也(ye)(ye),古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。又(you)案(an)(an)魏氏(shi)(shi)故(gu)事(shi),魏明(ming)(ming)(ming)帝以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)景初三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue)崩,至(zhi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)正月(yue),积(ji)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)五晦为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祥。太(tai)(tai)常孔(kong)(kong)美、博士赵(zhao)怡等(deng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)禫在二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)七月(yue),到(dao)其年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)四月(yue),依礼(li)(li)(li)应(ying)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。散骑常侍王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)肃、博士乐详等(deng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)禫在祥月(yue),至(zhi)其年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue),宜应(ying)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)(ji)。虽(sui)孔(kong)(kong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)异(yi)议(yi),六(liu)(liu)八(ba)殊(shu)制(zhi),至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)丧毕(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禘(di)(di)(di),其议(yi)一(yi)焉。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)永惟(wei)(wei)孝恩,因(yin)心(xin)即礼(li)(li)(li),取(qu)郑(zheng)舍王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),禫终(zhong)此(ci)(ci)晦,来月(yue)中旬,礼(li)(li)(li)应(ying)大(da)(da)(da)(da)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。六(liu)(liu)室神祏(shi),外食(shi)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。明(ming)(ming)(ming)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春(chun)享,咸禘(di)(di)(di)群(qun)庙(miao)(miao)。自(zi)兹以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou),五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)常。又(you)古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)法,时(shi)(shi)(shi)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。并行,天(tian)(tian)子先(xian)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)后(hou)时(shi)(shi)(shi)诸侯(hou)先(xian)时(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。此(ci)(ci)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)古(gu)(gu)为(wei)(wei)当(dang),在今(jin)则烦。且(qie)礼(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)升降,事(shi)有(you)(you)(you)文节(jie),通时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),圣(sheng)(sheng)人弗(fu)违。当(dang)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月(yue),宜减时(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)从要省(sheng)。然大(da)(da)(da)(da)礼(li)(li)(li)久废,群(qun)议(yi)或殊(shu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),理在无怪。何(he)(he)者(zhe)?心(xin)制(zhi)既(ji)终(zhong),二(er)(er)(er)殷惟(wei)(wei)始,祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正,实在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斯。若停而(er)(er)(er)阙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),唯行时(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)(ji),七圣(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)闻(wen)(wen)合(he)(he)享,百辟不(bu)睹盛事(shi),何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)昭(zhao)(zhao)令(ling)问,垂式后(hou)昆乎(hu)?皇朝(chao)同等(deng)三代,治迈终(zhong)古(gu)(gu),而(er)(er)(er)令(ling)徽典缺于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)昔人,鸿美惭于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)往志,此(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)行,情所(suo)(suo)未许。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)学(xue)不(bu)钩深(shen),思无经远,徒阅(yue)章(zhang)句(ju),蔑尔(er)无立。但饮泽圣(sheng)(sheng)时(shi)(shi)(shi),铭恩天(tian)(tian)造,是以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)妄尽区区,冀有(you)(you)(you)尘露(lu)。所(suo)(suo)陈(chen)蒙(meng)允(yun),请付礼(li)(li)(li)官,集定仪注。”
诏曰:“礼(li)贵循古,何必改作(zuo)。且(qie)先圣久(jiu)遵,绵代恆典(dian),岂朕(zhen)冲暗,所宜革之。且(qie)礼(li)祭之议(yi),国之至重,先代硕儒(ru),论或不(bu)一。可付(fu)八(ba)坐、五省、太常、国子参定以闻。”七月,侍中、录尚书事(shi)、北海王详等言:“奉旨集议(yi),佥以为(wei)禘(di)佩之设,前代彝典(dian),惠蔚所陈,有允旧义。请(qing)依前克敬享(xiang)清宫,其(qi)求省时(shi)(shi)祭,理实宜尔。但(dan)求之解注,下逼列(lie)国,兼(jian)时(shi)(shi)奠之敬,事(shi)难辄(zhe)省。请(qing)移仲月,择吉重闻。”制(zhi)可。
十一月壬寅(yin),改筑(zhu)圜(yuan)丘于伊水(shui)之阳。乙(yi)卯,仍有事焉。
延昌四(si)(si)年(nian)正(zheng)月(yue),世宗(zong)崩,肃宗(zong)即(ji)位。三(san)月(yue)甲子,尚书(shu)令、任城王澄(cheng)奏,太(tai)常卿崔亮上言:“秋七(qi)月(yue)应(ying)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)于太(tai)祖,今(jin)(jin)世宗(zong)宣(xuan)武皇帝主(zhu)虽入(ru)庙(miao),然烝尝时(shi)(shi)祭(ji),犹别(bie)寝室(shi),至于殷(yin)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),宜(yi)存古典。案《礼》,三(san)年(nian)丧毕,祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)于太(tai)祖,明(ming)年(nian)春禘(di)于群庙(miao)。又案杜预亦云(yun),卒(zu)哭(ku)而除,三(san)年(nian)丧毕而禘(di)。魏武宣(xuan)后(hou)(hou)以太(tai)后(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)年(nian)六月(yue)崩,其月(yue)既葬(zang),除服即(ji)吉。四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)行(xing)事(shi),而犹未禘(di)。王肃、韦诞(dan)并(bing)(bing)以为今(jin)(jin)除即(ji)吉,故(gu)特(te)时(shi)(shi)祭(ji)。至于禘(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),宜(yi)存古礼。高堂隆(long)亦如肃议,于是停不殷(yin)祭(ji)。仰寻太(tai)和(he)二十三(san)年(nian)四(si)(si)月(yue)一日,高祖孝文皇帝崩,其年(nian)十月(yue)祭(ji)庙(miao),景明(ming)二年(nian)秋七(qi)月(yue)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)于太(tai)祖,三(san)年(nian)春禘(di)于群庙(miao)。亦三(san)年(nian)乃祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。谨准古礼及晋魏之议,并(bing)(bing)景明(ming)故(gu)事(shi),愚谓来(lai)秋七(qi)月(yue),祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)祭(ji)应(ying)停,宜(yi)待年(nian)终乃后(hou)(hou)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)趾。”诏曰:“太(tai)常援引古今(jin)(jin),并(bing)(bing)有证据,可依(yi)请。”
熙平二年三月癸未,太(tai)(tai)常少卿(qing)元端上(shang)言(yan):“谨(jin)案《礼(li)记(ji)》《祭法》:‘有(you)虞氏(shi)禘(di)黄帝(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)喾(ku)(ku),祖(zu)颛顼而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)尧。夏后(hou)氏(shi)亦(yi)禘(di)黄帝(di)(di)(di)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)鲧(gun),祖(zu)颛顼而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)禹(yu)。殷人(ren)禘(di)喾(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)冥(ming),祖(zu)契则宗(zong)汤。周(zhou)人(ren)禘(di)喾(ku)(ku)而(er)(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稷(ji)(ji)(ji),祖(zu)文王而(er)(er)(er)宗(zong)武王。’郑玄(xuan)注:‘大(da)(da)禘(di)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祖(zu)宗(zong),谓祭祀(si)以(yi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)食也。有(you)虞氏(shi)以(yi)上(shang)尚(shang)德(de)(de)(de),禘(di)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)祖(zu)宗(zong),配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)用有(you)德(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)。自夏以(yi)下(xia),稍(shao)用其姓代之(zhi)。’是(shi)故周(zhou)人(ren)以(yi)后(hou)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)为始(shi)祖(zu),文武为二祧。讫于(yu)周(zhou)世(shi),配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)祭不毁(hui)。案《礼(li)》,喾(ku)(ku)虽无(wu)庙(miao),配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)食禘(di)祭。谨(jin)详圣朝以(yi)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)道(dao)武皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)圜丘(qiu),道(dao)穆皇(huang)后(hou)刘氏(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)方泽(ze);太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)明(ming)元皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),明(ming)密皇(huang)后(hou)杜氏(shi)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)地祇(zhi);又以(yi)显祖(zu)献文皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)雩祀(si)。太(tai)(tai)宗(zong)明(ming)元皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)庙(miao)既毁(hui),上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)地祇(zhi),配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)祭有(you)式。国之(zhi)大(da)(da)事(shi),唯祀(si)与戎,庙(miao)配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)事(shi)重,不敢专决,请召群官(guan)集(ji)议以(yi)闻。”灵太(tai)(tai)后(hou)令(ling)曰“依请”。于(yu)是(shi)太(tai)(tai)师、高(gao)阳王雍(yong),太(tai)(tai)傅、领太(tai)(tai)尉公、清(qing)河王怿,太(tai)(tai)保、领司(si)徒(tu)公、广平王怀(huai),司(si)空公、领尚(shang)书(shu)令(ling)、任城王澄,侍(shi)中(zhong)、中(zhong)书(shu)监(jian)胡国珍(zhen),侍(shi)中(zhong)、领著作郎崔光等议:“窃以(yi)尚(shang)德(de)(de)(de)尊功(gong)(gong),其来自昔,郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)稷(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)文,周(zhou)之(zhi)茂典。仰(yang)惟世(shi)祖(zu)太(tai)(tai)武皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)以(yi)神武纂业,克清(qing)祸乱,德(de)(de)(de)济生民,功(gong)(gong)加(jia)四海,宜配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)南(nan)郊(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。高(gao)祖(zu)孝文皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)大(da)(da)圣膺期,惟新(xin)魏道(dao),刑措胜残(can),功(gong)(gong)同天地,宜配(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)明(ming)堂(tang)。”令(ling)曰:“依议施行(xing)。”
七月戊辰,侍(shi)中、领(ling)军将军、江阳王继表言:“臣功缌之(zhi)(zhi)内,太(tai)祖道武(wu)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后,于(yu)(yu)(yu)臣始是曾(ceng)孙(sun)。然道武(wu)皇(huang)帝(di)(di)传(chuan)业无(wu)穷(qiong),四祖三(san)宗(zong),功德最重(zhong),配(pei)天郊祀,百世不迁(qian)。而曾(ceng)玄(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),烝尝之(zhi)(zhi)荐,不预拜(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)庙庭;霜(shuang)露之(zhi)(zhi)感,阙陪奠于(yu)(yu)(yu)阶席。今(jin)(jin)七庙之(zhi)(zhi)后,非直隔(ge)归(gui)胙之(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling);五服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),亦不沾出(chu)身之(zhi)(zhi)叙(xu)。校(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)坟史则不然,验之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)情(qing)则未允。何者(zhe)?《礼》云(yun),祖迁(qian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上,宗(zong)易于(yu)(yu)(yu)下。臣曾(ceng)祖是帝(di)(di),世数未迁(qian),便(bian)疏同庶族(zu)(zu),而孙(sun)不预祭(ji)。斯(si)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)屈(qu),今(jin)(jin)古罕有(you)。昔(xi)尧敦九族(zu)(zu),周(zhou)隆(long)本(ben)枝,故能磐石(shi)维(wei)城,御侮于(yu)(yu)(yu)外。今(jin)(jin)臣之(zhi)(zhi)所亲,生见(jian)隔(ge)弃,岂所以(yi)桢干根(gen)本(ben),隆(long)建公族(zu)(zu)者(zhe)也。伏见(jian)高祖孝(xiao)文皇(huang)帝(di)(di)著(zhu)令铨衡,取曾(ceng)祖之(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)资廕(yin),至今(jin)(jin)行之(zhi)(zhi),相传(chuan)不绝(jue)。而况曾(ceng)祖为(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di),而不见(jian)录。伏愿天鉴,有(you)以(yi)照(zhao)临(lin),令皇(huang)恩洽(qia)穆(mu),宗(zong)人(ren)咸叙(xu)。请付(fu)外博(bo)议(yi)(yi),永为(wei)(wei)定准。”灵(ling)太(tai)后令曰:“付(fu)八座集礼官议(yi)(yi)定以(yi)闻。”
四(si)(si)(si)门(men)小(xiao)学博士王(wang)僧奇等(deng)议(yi):“案《孝经》曰:‘郊祀(si)后稷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配天,宗(zong)祀(si)文(wen)王(wang)于(yu)(yu)明堂,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配上帝(di)。’然则太祖不(bu)迁者(zhe),尊王(wang)业之(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)基(ji),二(er)祧(tiao)不(bu)毁(hui)者(zhe),旌不(bu)朽之(zhi)(zhi)洪烈。其(qi)旁枝远胄,岂得同四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)亲哉?故《礼记婚义(yi)》曰:‘古(gu)者(zhe)妇人(ren)先嫁三月,祖庙(miao)未毁(hui),教于(yu)(yu)公(gong)宫。祖庙(miao)既毁(hui),教于(yu)(yu)宗(zong)室。’又《文(wen)王(wang)世子》曰:‘五庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),祖庙(miao)未毁(hui),虽(sui)庶人(ren)冠娶必告,死必赴,不(bu)忘亲也(ye)。亲未绝(jue)而列(lie)于(yu)(yu)庶人(ren),贱无能也(ye)。’郑注(zhu)云:‘赴告于(yu)(yu)君(jun)也(ye)。实四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)言五者(zhe),容显(xian)考为始封(feng)君(jun)子故也(ye)。’郑君(jun)别其(qi)四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao),理(li)协二(er)祭。而四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)者(zhe),在当世服属(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)内,可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)与于(yu)(yu)子孙(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),若庙(miao)毁(hui)服尽,岂得同于(yu)(yu)此例乎?敢(gan)竭愚昧,请以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)(si)庙(miao)为断。”
国子(zi)博士李琰之(zhi)(zhi)议(yi):“案(an)《祭统》曰:‘有事(shi)于(yu)太庙(miao),群昭(zhao)群穆咸在。’郑氏注(zhu)(zhu):‘昭(zhao)穆咸在,谓(wei)同(tong)宗(zong)父子(zi)皆来。’古礼之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),如是其(qi)(qi)广(guang),而当(dang)今(jin)仪注(zhu)(zhu),唯限亲(qin)庙(miao)四,愚窃疑矣。何以(yi)明之(zhi)(zhi)?设使世(shi)祖之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)男于(yu)今(jin)存(cun)者,既身是戚(qi)蕃,号(hao)为(wei)重子(zi),可得(de)宾于(yu)门(men)外,不(bu)预碑鼎之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)哉?又(you)因宜(yi)变法,《礼》有其(qi)(qi)说。《记》言:‘五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun),祖庙(miao)未毁,为(wei)庶人,冠娶必(bi)告,死必(bi)赴。’《注(zhu)(zhu)》曰:‘实(shi)四庙(miao)而言五(wu)(wu)者,容(rong)显(xian)考始封之(zhi)(zhi)君子(zi)。’今(jin)因太祖之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)在,仍通(tong)其(qi)(qi)曾玄侍祠,与(yu)彼古记,甚相符会。且国家议(yi)亲(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)律(lv),指取天子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)玄孙(sun),乃不(bu)旁准于(yu)时后(hou)。至于(yu)助祭,必(bi)谓(wei)与(yu)世(shi)主(zhu)相伦,将难(nan)均一。寿(shou)有短长,世(shi)有延促,终当(dang)何时可得(de)齐(qi)同(tong)。谓(wei)宜(yi)入(ru)庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),率从议(yi)亲(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)条;祖祧之(zhi)(zhi)裔(yi),各听尽其(qi)(qi)玄孙(sun)。使得(de)骏奔堂(tang)坛,肃承禘礿,则情理差通(tong)。不(bu)宜(yi)复各为(wei)例,令事(shi)事(shi)舛驳。”
侍中、司空公(gong)、领尚书令、任城王澄,侍中、尚书左(zuo)仆射元晖奏:“臣等参量(liang)琰之(zhi)等议(yi),虽为始封(feng)君子(zi)(zi),又《祭(ji)统》曰:‘有事于(yu)太庙(miao)(miao),群昭群穆(mu)咸在(zai),而(er)(er)不失其伦。’郑注云(yun)昭穆(mu),谓同宗(zong)(zong)(zong)父子(zi)(zi)皆来也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)未毁及同宗(zong)(zong)(zong),则共四庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)辞。云(yun)未绝与父子(zi)(zi),明(ming)崇五属之(zhi)称。天(tian)子(zi)(zi)诸侯,继立无殊,吉凶之(zhi)赴,同止(zhi)四庙(miao)(miao)。祖(zu)祧虽存,亲(qin)级(ji)弥远,告赴拜荐,典记无文。斯由(you)祖(zu)迁于(yu)上,见仁(ren)亲(qin)之(zhi)义疏(shu);宗(zong)(zong)(zong)易于(yu)下(xia),著五服之(zhi)恩断。江阳之(zhi)于(yu)今帝也(ye)(ye),计亲(qin)而(er)(er)枝宗(zong)(zong)(zong)三(san)易,数世则庙(miao)(miao)应四迁,吉凶尚不告闻,拜荐宁(ning)容(rong)辄预。高祖(zu)孝文皇帝圣(sheng)德玄览,师古立政,陪拜止(zhi)于(yu)四庙(miao)(miao),哀恤断自缌宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。即之(zhi)人情,冥(ming)然符一;推(tui)之(zhi)礼典,事在(zai)难违。此所谓明(ming)王相沿(yan),今古不革者也(ye)(ye)。”
太(tai)常少卿元端议:“《礼记祭(ji)(ji)法》云:王(wang)(wang)立(li)(li)七庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰王(wang)(wang)考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰皇考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰显考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰祖考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),远庙(miao)(miao)(miao)为祧,有(you)二(er)祧。而(er)祖考(kao)以(yi)功(gong)重(zhong)不(bu)迁,二(er)祧以(yi)盛德不(bu)毁。迭迁之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),其在四庙(miao)(miao)(miao)也。《祭(ji)(ji)统(tong)》云:祭(ji)(ji)有(you)十伦之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),六曰见亲疏(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)杀焉。‘夫祭(ji)(ji)有(you)昭(zhao)穆,昭(zhao)穆者所以(yi)别父(fu)子(zi)(zi)远近、长幼(you)亲疏(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)序,而(er)无乱也’,是故有(you)伦。注云:‘昭(zhao)穆咸在,同宗父(fu)子(zi)(zi)皆(jie)来(lai)。’指谓当庙(miao)(miao)(miao)父(fu)子(zi)(zi)为群,不(bu)系于昭(zhao)穆也。若一公(gong)十子(zi)(zi),便为群公(gong)子(zi)(zi),岂待数公(gong)而(er)立(li)(li)称(cheng)乎?《文王(wang)(wang)世子(zi)(zi)》云‘五庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)孙,祖庙(miao)(miao)(miao)未毁’,虽为有(you)所援(yuan)引,然与朝议不(bu)同。如依其议,匪直太(tai)祖曾玄,诸(zhu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)子(zi)(zi)孙,悉(xi)应预列。既(ji)无正据,窃谓太(tai)广。臣等愚(yu)见,请同僧奇等议。”
灵(ling)太(tai)后令曰(yue):“《议亲(qin)律》注云:‘非唯(wei)当世(shi)之属籍(ji),历谓先帝之五世(shi)。’此乃明(ming)亲(qin)亲(qin)之义笃,骨肉之恩(en)重(zhong)。尚书以远及诸孙,太(tai)广(guang)致疑(yi)。百(bai)僚助(zhu)祭,可得(de)言狭也!祖庙未(wei)毁,曾玄不预坛堂之敬(jing),便是宗(zong)人之昵,反对于(yu)(yu)附庸(yong),王族(zu)之近,更(geng)疏于(yu)(yu)群辟。先朝旧仪,草创未(wei)定,刊制律宪(xian),垂之不朽。琰之援据,甚允情理(li)。可依所执(zhi)。”
十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)丁未(wei),侍中、司空公、领尚(shang)书令(ling)、任(ren)城王澄,度(du)(du)支尚(shang)书崔亮奏:“谨案(an)《礼(li)(li)(li)记》:曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)问曰(yue)(yue):诸(zhu)侯旅(lv)见天子(zi)(zi)(zi),不得成(cheng)礼(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)几?孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue):四,太(tai)庙(miao)火、日(ri)蚀(shi)、后(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)丧(sang)、雨沾(zhan)服失容(rong)则(ze)废。臣(chen)等谓元日(ri)万国贺(he),应(ying)是(shi)诸(zhu)侯旅(lv)见之(zhi)义。若禘(di)(di)(di)废朝会,孔子(zi)(zi)(zi)应(ying)云五而独言四,明不废朝贺(he)也(ye)。郑玄《礼(li)(li)(li)》注云:‘鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li),三(san)(san)年(nian)丧(sang)毕(bi),祫(xia)于(yu)太(tai)祖,明年(nian)春(chun),禘(di)(di)(di)群庙(miao)。’又《郑志(zhi)》:检鲁(lu)礼(li)(li)(li),《春(chun)秋》昭公十(shi)一年(nian)夏五月(yue)(yue)(yue),夫人归氏(shi)薨。十(shi)三(san)(san)年(nian)五月(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)祥,七月(yue)(yue)(yue)释禫,公会刘子(zi)(zi)(zi)及(ji)诸(zhu)侯于(yu)平丘(qiu),八月(yue)(yue)(yue)归,不及(ji)于(yu)祫(xia);冬(dong),公如晋,明十(shi)四年(nian)春(chun),归祫(xia),明十(shi)五年(nian)春(chun)乃禘(di)(di)(di)。《经(jing)》曰(yue)(yue):‘二(er)月(yue)(yue)(yue)癸酉,有(you)事(shi)于(yu)武宫(gong)。’《传》曰(yue)(yue):‘禘(di)(di)(di)于(yu)武公。’谨案(an)《明堂位(wei)》曰(yue)(yue):‘鲁(lu),王礼(li)(li)(li)也(ye)。’丧(sang)毕(bi)祫(xia)趾,似有(you)退理(li)。详考古(gu)礼(li)(li)(li),未(wei)有(you)以祭事(shi)废元会者(zhe)。《礼(li)(li)(li)》云‘吉事(shi)先近日(ri)’,脱不吉,容(rong)改(gai)筮三(san)(san)旬。寻(xun)摄太(tai)史令(ling)赵翼等列称,正月(yue)(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)六(liu)日(ri)祭亦吉。请移(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)祀在(zai)中旬十(shi)四日(ri),时祭移(yi)二(er)十(shi)六(liu)日(ri),犹曰(yue)(yue)春(chun)禘(di)(di)(di),又非退义。祭则(ze)无疏怠之(zhi)讥,三(san)(san)元有(you)顺轨之(zhi)美。既被成(cheng)旨,宜(yi)即宣行。臣(chen)等伏度(du)(du)国之(zhi)大(da)(da)事(shi),在(zai)祀与戎(rong)。君举必书,恐贻后(hou)(hou)(hou)诮。辄访引古(gu)籍,窃有(you)未(wei)安。臣(chen)等学(xue)缺通经(jing),识(shi)不稽古(gu),备位(wei)枢纳,可否必陈(chen)。冒陈(chen)所见,伏听(ting)裁衷。”灵太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)令(ling)曰(yue)(yue):“可如所执。”
初,世宗永平、延昌中,欲建明(ming)堂。而(er)议者或云(yun)(yun)五室,或云(yun)(yun)九室,频属年(nian)饥,遂寝。至是复议之(zhi),诏从五室。及元议执政,遂改营九室。值(zhi)世乱不(bu)成,宗配(pei)之(zhi)礼,迄无所设(she)。
神龟初,灵太后父司徒胡国珍薨,赠(zeng)太上(shang)秦公。时疑其庙制(zhi)。太学博士王延业议曰:
案《王(wang)制》云:诸侯祭(ji)二昭二穆,与(yu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而五(wu)(wu)(wu)。又《小记》云:王(wang)者立四(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄云:“高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)已下,与(yu)始(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而五(wu)(wu)(wu)。”明(ming)立庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng),以亲(qin)为(wei)限,不(bu)(bu)过(guo)于四(si)(si)。其(qi)外有(you)(you)大(da)功(gong)者,然后为(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宗。然则(ze)无太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者,止(zhi)于四(si)(si)世(shi)(shi),有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)乃得(de)为(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu),礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《文王(wang)世(shi)(shi)子(zi)(zi)》云:“五(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)(sun),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)未(wei)(wei)(wei)毁(hui),虽为(wei)庶人(ren),冠、娶(qu)妻必告(gao)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄云:“实四(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而言(yan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)者,容高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)。”明(ming)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun),在(zai)(zai)四(si)(si)世(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,正(zheng)(zheng)位太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),乃得(de)称五(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孙(sun)(sun)。若(ruo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),已祀五(wu)(wu)(wu)世(shi)(shi),则(ze)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)无为(wei)释高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)先儒精义(yi),当今显(xian)(xian)证(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《丧服传》曰:“若(ruo)公子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun),有(you)(you)封(feng)(feng)(feng)为(wei)国君(jun)(jun)者,则(ze)世(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye),不(bu)(bu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公子(zi)(zi)。”郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)玄云:“谓(wei)后世(shi)(shi)为(wei)君(jun)(jun)者,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)受封(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun),不(bu)(bu)得(de)祀别子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。公子(zi)(zi)若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)已下,则(ze)如其(qi)亲(qin)服,后世(shi)(shi)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃毁(hui)其(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)尔(er)。”明(ming)始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)犹在(zai)(zai)亲(qin)限,故(gu)祀止(zhi)高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。又云如亲(qin)而迁,尤(you)知高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu),不(bu)(bu)立庙(miao)(miao)(miao)矣。此(ci)(ci)(ci)又立庙(miao)(miao)(miao)明(ming)法,与(yu)今事相当者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又《礼(li)纬》云:“夏四(si)(si)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),至子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)五(wu)(wu)(wu)。殷五(wu)(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),至子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun)六。”注(zhu)云:“言(yan)至子(zi)(zi)孙(sun)(sun),则(ze)初(chu)时未(wei)(wei)(wei)备(bei)(bei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)又显(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)《纬》籍,区别若(ruo)斯者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。又晋初(chu),以宣(xuan)帝是始(shi)(shi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun),应为(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),而以犹在(zai)(zai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)位,故(gu)唯(wei)祀征西已下六世(shi)(shi)。待世(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)相推,宣(xuan)帝出居太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位,然后七庙(miao)(miao)(miao)乃备(bei)(bei)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)又依准前(qian)轨,若(ruo)重规袭矩者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。窃谓(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)者,功(gong)高业大(da),百世(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)迁,故(gu)亲(qin)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,特更崇立。苟无其(qi)功(gong),不(bu)(bu)可独(du)居正(zheng)(zheng)位,而遽见迁毁(hui)。且三(san)世(shi)(shi)已前(qian),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)及(ji)于五(wu)(wu)(wu);玄孙(sun)(sun)已后,祀止(zhi)于四(si)(si)。一(yi)与(yu)一(yi)夺,名(ming)位莫定,求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典礼(li),所(suo)未(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)闻。
今太上秦(qin)公(gong),疏爵列土,大(da)启河(he)山,传祚无穷(qiong),永(yong)同带(dai)砺,实有始封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,方成不(bu)(bu)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙。但亲在四世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,名(ming)班(ban)昭穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,虽应(ying)为(wei)(wei)太祖(zu),而尚在祢位,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)远探高(gao)祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父(fu),以合(he)五(wu)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数。太祖(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)室,当须(xu)世世相推(tui),亲尽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,乃出居(ju)正位,以备五(wu)庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian)。夫循文责实,理贵(gui)允当,考创宗祊,得礼为(wei)(wei)美(mei)。不(bu)(bu)可(ke)苟荐(jian)虚名(ming),取荣多数,求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)经记,窃谓为(wei)(wei)允。又武(wu)始侯本无采地,于皇(huang)朝(chao)制令,名(ming)准大(da)夫。案如礼意,诸侯夺宗,武(wu)始四时蒸(zheng)尝,宜于秦(qin)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙。
博士卢观议:
案《王制》:天子(zi)(zi)七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),三昭(zhao)三穆(mu),与太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)七(qi);诸(zhu)(zhu)侯五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),二昭(zhao)二穆(mu),与太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)五(wu);大夫三;士(shi)一(yi)(yi)。自(zi)上已(yi)下,降杀以(yi)两,庶人无庙(miao)(miao)(miao),死(si)为(wei)(wei)鬼焉。故曰(yue)(yue),尊者(zhe)统远,卑者(zhe)统近(jin)。是以(yi)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯及太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),天子(zi)(zi)及其祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自(zi)出。《祭法》曰(yue)(yue):“诸(zhu)(zhu)侯立(li)五(wu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),一(yi)(yi)坛(tan)一(yi)(yi)墠(shan)(shan),曰(yue)(yue)考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)王考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),曰(yue)(yue)皇(huang)考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),皆月祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。显考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),享尝乃止。去(qu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)坛(tan),去(qu)坛(tan)为(wei)(wei)墠(shan)(shan),去(qu)墠(shan)(shan)为(wei)(wei)鬼。”至(zhi)于(yu)禘佩,方合食太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫。《大傅》曰(yue)(yue):“别(bie)子(zi)(zi)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。”《丧服传》曰(yue)(yue):“公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)得(de)(de)祢先(xian)君(jun),公(gong)(gong)(gong)孙不(bu)得(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯。”郑说不(bu)得(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢者(zhe),不(bu)得(de)(de)立(li)其庙(miao)(miao)(miao)而(er)祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也;世(shi)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是人者(zhe),谓世(shi)世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)受(shou)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun);不(bu)得(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe),后(hou)世(shi)为(wei)(wei)君(jun)者(zhe),祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)此受(shou)封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),不(bu)得(de)(de)祀别(bie)子(zi)(zi)也;公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)若在高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)下,则如其亲服,后(hou)世(shi)迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃毁(hui)(hui)其庙(miao)(miao)(miao)耳。愚以(yi)为(wei)(wei)迁者(zhe),迁于(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),毁(hui)(hui)者(zhe)从太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)而(er)毁(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若不(bu)迁太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),不(bu)须废祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文;明非始封,故复见乃毁(hui)(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。何以(yi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?案诸(zhu)(zhu)侯有祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),祭五(wu)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。五(wu)礼正(zheng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)轻(qing),一(yi)(yi)朝顿(dun)立(li)。而(er)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),要(yao)待六世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),六世(shi)已(yi)前,虚(xu)而(er)蔑(mie)主。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣旨,未(wei)为(wei)(wei)通论(lun)。《曾子(zi)(zi)问》曰(yue)(yue):“庙(miao)(miao)(miao)无虚(xu)主。”虚(xu)主唯(wei)四,祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考(kao)不(bu)与焉。明太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),必不(bu)空置。
《礼纬》曰:“夏(xia)四(si)庙(miao)(miao),至(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙五(wu)(wu);殷五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),至(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙六(liu);周(zhou)六(liu)庙(miao)(miao),至(zhi)子(zi)(zi)孙七。”见夏(xia)无始祖(zu)(zu),待(dai)禹而五(wu)(wu);殷人(ren)郊(jiao)契,得汤(tang)(tang)而六(liu);周(zhou)有(you)后稷,及文(wen)王至(zhi)武(wu)王而七。言夏(xia)即大(da)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身,言子(zi)(zi)谓启(qi)、诵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,言孙是(shi)(shi)迭迁(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)。禹为(wei)(wei)(wei)受命,不(bu)(bu)(bu)毁亲;汤(tang)(tang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)始君(jun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)迁(qian)五(wu)(wu)主;文(wen)武(wu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)二祧,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)去三(san)(san)(san)昭(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)穆。三(san)(san)(san)昭(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)穆谓通文(wen)武(wu),若无文(wen)武(wu),亲不(bu)(bu)(bu)过四(si)。观远祖(zu)(zu)汉侍中植(zhi)所(suo)说云(yun)然,郑玄、马昭(zhao)亦皆同尔。且天(tian)子(zi)(zi)逆(ni)加二祧,得并为(wei)(wei)(wei)七。诸侯预立太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),何(he)为(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得为(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)乎?今(jin)始封君(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立祢庙(miao)(miao),颇(po)似(si)成王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于二祧。孙卿曰“有(you)天(tian)下(xia)者事七世,有(you)一国者事五(wu)(wu)世。”假使(shi)八世,天(tian)子(zi)(zi)乃得事七;六(liu)世,诸侯方(fang)通祭五(wu)(wu);推情准理,不(bu)(bu)(bu)其谬(miu)乎!虽(sui)王侯用(yong)礼,文(wen)节不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,三(san)(san)(san)隅反之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),自(zi)然昭(zhao)灼(zhuo)。且文(wen)宣(xuan)公(gong)方(fang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu),世居子(zi)(zi)孙,今(jin)立五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),窃谓为(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)。《礼纬》又云(yun):“诸侯五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),亲四(si)。”始封之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)或上或下(xia),虽(sui)未居正(zheng)室,无废四(si)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亲。《小记》曰:“王者禘其祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)自(zi)出,以(yi)其祖(zu)(zu)配之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),而立四(si)庙(miao)(miao)。”此实殷汤(tang)(tang)时(shi)制,不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)难(nan)也。聊复标(biao)榜,略引章条。愚戆不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)待(dai)大(da)问。
侍中、太傅(fu)、清河(he)王怿议(yi):
太(tai)(tai)(tai)学博士王延业(ye)(ye)(ye)及卢观等,各率异见。案(an)《礼(li)记(ji)(ji)王制(zhi)(zhi)》:“天子七庙(miao)(miao),三昭(zhao)三穆(mu)(mu),与太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)而七;诸侯五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),二(er)昭(zhao)二(er)穆(mu)(mu),与太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)而五(wu)(wu)。”并(bing)是(shi)(shi)后(hou)世(shi)追论(lun)备庙(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,皆非当时据立(li)神位(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。良由去圣久远(yuan),经礼(li)残缺,诸儒(ru)注记(ji)(ji),典制(zhi)(zhi)无因。虽稽考异闻(wen),引证古谊,然用舍从世(shi),通(tong)塞(sai)有时,折衷(zhong)取(qu)正,固难(nan)详矣。今相国、秦公(gong)初构国庙(miao)(miao),追立(li)神位(wei)(wei),唯当仰祀二(er)昭(zhao)二(er)穆(mu)(mu),上极高(gao)(gao)曾,四世(shi)而已(yi)。何者?秦公(gong)身(shen)是(shi)(shi)始封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),将为(wei)不迁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)。若以(yi)功业(ye)(ye)(ye)隆重,越居(ju)正室,恐以(yi)卑临尊,乱昭(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)也(ye)。如其权(quan)立(li)始祖(zu)(zu),以(yi)备五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),恐数(shu)(shu)满(man)便毁,非礼(li)意也(ye)。昔司马懿立(li)功于魏,为(wei)晋太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu),及至子晋公(gong)昭(zhao),乃(nai)立(li)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),亦祀四世(shi),止(zhi)于高(gao)(gao)曾。太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei),虚俟宣、文,待(dai)其后(hou)裔,数(shu)(shu)满(man)乃(nai)止(zhi)。此亦前代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)事(shi),方今所殷(yin)鉴也(ye)。又《礼(li)纬(wei)》云(yun):“夏四庙(miao)(miao),至子孙(sun)五(wu)(wu);殷(yin)五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao),至子孙(sun)六;周(zhou)六庙(miao)(miao),至子孙(sun)七。”明知当时大祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神,仍依昭(zhao)穆(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu),要待(dai)子孙(sun),世(shi)世(shi)相推,然后(hou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)出居(ju)正位(wei)(wei)耳(er)。远(yuan)稽《礼(li)纬(wei)》诸儒(ru)所说(shuo),近循晋公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)故(gu)事(shi),宜依博士王延业(ye)(ye)(ye)议,定立(li)四主,亲(qin)止(zhi)高(gao)(gao)曾,且(qie)虚太(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei),以(yi)待(dai)子孙(sun)而备五(wu)(wu)庙(miao)(miao)焉。
又延(yan)业、卢观前(qian)经(jing)详议,并(bing)据许慎(shen)、郑玄之(zhi)解(jie),谓(wei)天子(zi)、诸侯作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),大(da)(da)夫及(ji)士则无(wu)。意谓(wei)此议虽出前(qian)儒之(zhi)事(shi),实未允情礼(li)。何以言之(zhi)?原夫作(zuo)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)礼(li),本以依(yi)神,孝子(zi)之(zhi)心(xin),非主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)莫(mo)依(yi)。今(jin)铭旌纪(ji)柩,设(she)重(zhong)凭(ping)神,祭必有(you)(you)尸,神必有(you)(you)庙,皆所以展事(shi)孝敬,想(xiang)象平存(cun)。上(shang)自天子(zi),下逮于(yu)士,如(ru)此四(si)事(shi),并(bing)同其礼(li)。何至于(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),惟谓(wei)王侯。《礼(li)》云(yun):“重(zhong),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)道也。”此为(wei)理重(zhong)则立(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)矣(yi)。故王肃曰(yue):“重(zhong),未立(li)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)礼(li)也。”《士丧礼(li)》亦(yi)设(she)重(zhong),则士有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明矣(yi)。孔悝反祏,载之(zhi)左史;馈食设(she)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),著于(yu)《逸(yi)礼(li)》。大(da)(da)夫及(ji)士,既得有(you)(you)庙题纪(ji)祖考,何可无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。《公羊传》:“君(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)事(shi)于(yu)庙,闻大(da)(da)夫之(zhi)丧,去(qu)乐卒事(shi);大(da)(da)夫闻君(jun)(jun)之(zhi)丧,摄主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而往(wang)。”今(jin)以为(wei)摄主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe),摄神敛主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)而已(yi),不(bu)暇(xia)待彻祭也。何休(xiu)云(yun):“宗人摄行(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)而往(wang)也。”意谓(wei)不(bu)然。君(jun)(jun)闻臣(chen)丧,尚为(wei)之(zhi)不(bu)怿,况臣(chen)闻君(jun)(jun)丧,岂得安(an)然代主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)终祭也。又相(xiang)国立(li)庙,设(she)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)依(yi)神,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)无(wu)贵贱,纪(ji)座而已(yi)。若位拟诸侯者(zhe),则有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),位为(wei)大(da)(da)夫者(zhe),则无(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。便是三神有(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),一位独阙,求诸情礼(li),实所未安(an)。宜通为(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),以铭神位。
怿(yi)又议曰:“古(gu)者七庙,庙堂皆别(bie)。光武已来(lai),异室同堂,故先朝《祀堂令(ling)(ling)》云:‘庙皆四栿五架,北厢设(she)座,东昭西(xi)穆。’是以(yi)相国构庙,唯制(zhi)一(yi)室,同祭祖考。比来(lai)诸王立庙者,自任私(si)造,不依(yi)公(gong)令(ling)(ling),或五或一(yi),参差无(wu)准。要须(xu)议行新(xin)令(ling)(ling),然后(hou)定其法制(zhi)。相国之庙,已造一(yi)室,实合(he)朝令(ling)(ling)。宜即依(yi)此,展其享(xiang)祀。”诏依(yi)怿(yi)议。
天平四年四月,七(qi)帝神主既迁(qian)(qian)于太(tai)庙(miao),太(tai)社石(shi)主将迁(qian)(qian)于社宫(gong)(gong)。礼官(guan)云应(ying)用币。中(zhong)(zhong)书侍郎(lang)裴(pei)伯茂时(shi)为《祖(zu)祀文》,伯茂据故事,太(tai)和中(zhong)(zhong)迁(qian)(qian)社宫(gong)(gong),高祖(zu)用牲不(bu)用币,遂以奏闻。于时(shi)议者或引(yin)《大(da)戴(dai)礼》,迁(qian)(qian)庙(miao)用币,今迁(qian)(qian)社宜不(bu)殊。伯茂据《尚书召诰》,应(ying)用牲,诏遂从之。
武定六年二月,将营齐献武王庙,议定室数、形制。兼度支尚书崔昂、司农卿卢元明、秘书监王元景、散骑常侍裴献伯、国子祭酒李浑、御史中尉陆操、黄门侍郎李骞、中书侍郎阳休之、前南青州刺史郑伯猷、秘书丞崔劼、国子博士邢峙、国子博士宗惠振、太学博士张毓、太学博士高元寿、国子助教王显季等议:“案《礼》,诸侯五庙,太祖及亲庙四。今献武王始封之君,便是太祖,既通亲庙,不容立五室。且帝王亲庙,亦不过四。今宜四室二间,两头各一颊室,夏头徘徊鸱尾。又案《礼图》,诸侯止开南门,而《二王后祔祭仪法》,执事列于庙东门之外。既有东门,明非一门。献武礼数既隆,备物殊等。准据今庙,宜开四门。内院南面开三门,余面及外院,四面皆一门。其内院墙,四面皆架为步廊。南出夹门,各置一屋,以置礼器及祭服。内外门墙,并用赭垩。庙东门道南置齐坊;道北置二坊,西为典祠庙并厨宰,东为庙长廨并置车辂;其北为养牺牲之所。”诏从之。
更多有关魏书 二十四史 的资料