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魏书 志第十 礼四之一在线阅读

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志第十 礼四之一

  夫(fu)在(zai)天(tian)莫(mo)明(ming)于日月,在(zai)人(ren)莫(mo)明(ming)于礼仪。先王(wang)以(yi)安上(shang)治民,用(yong)成风化,苟(gou)或失之(zhi),斯亡云(yun)及。圣者(zhe)因人(ren)有(you)尊(zun)敬哀思嗜欲喜怒之(zhi)情,而制以(yi)上(shang)下隆杀(sha)长(zhang)幼众(zhong)寡之(zhi)节,本于人(ren)心,会于神道(dao),故使三才惟穆,百姓允谐。而淳浇世(shi)殊,质文异(yi)设,损益相仍,随时作(zuo)范。秦灭(mie)儒经,汉承其弊(bi),三代之(zhi)礼,盖如线焉。刘氏(shi)中兴,颇率周典,魏晋之(zhi)世(shi),抑有(you)可知。

自永嘉扰攘,神州芜秽,礼坏乐崩,人神殄。太祖(zu)南(nan)定燕赵,日不暇给(ji),仍世征(zheng)伐,务恢(hui)疆宇。虽马(ma)(ma)上(shang)治之(zhi),未遑制(zhi)作,至于经国轨仪,互举其大,但事多粗(cu)略,且兼阙遗。高祖(zu)稽古,率由(you)旧则(ze),斟酌前王,择其令典,朝章国范,焕乎复振(zhen)。早年厌世,叡虑(lv)未从,不尔,刘马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)迹(ji)夫(fu)何(he)足数!世宗优(you)游在上(shang),致意玄门(men),儒业文风,顾有未洽,坠礼沦声,因之(zhi)而往。肃宗已降,魏道衰(shuai)羸,太和之(zhi)风,仍世凋落,以(yi)至于海内倾圮(pi),纲(gang)纪泯然。呜(wu)呼!鲁秉(bing)周礼,国以(yi)克固;齐臣撤(che)器,降人折谋。治身(shen)不得以(yi)造次忘,治国庸可而须臾忽也。初自皇(huang)始(shi),迄于武定,朝廷典礼之(zhi)迹(ji),故总而录之(zhi)。

太祖(zu)登国元(yuan)年,即代王位于牛川,西向设祭,告(gao)天成礼。

天(tian)(tian)兴元(yuan)年,定都平城,即皇(huang)(huang)帝位,立坛兆告(gao)(gao)祭天(tian)(tian)地。祝曰:“皇(huang)(huang)帝臣珪(gui)(gui)敢用(yong)玄牡,昭(zhao)告(gao)(gao)于皇(huang)(huang)天(tian)(tian)后土(tu)(tu)(tu)之灵。上天(tian)(tian)降命,乃眷(juan)我祖宗,世王幽(you)都。珪(gui)(gui)以不德,纂戎(rong)前(qian)绪(xu),思宁黎元(yuan),龚(gong)行天(tian)(tian)罚。殪刘显,屠卫(wei)辰,平慕容,定中夏。群(qun)下(xia)劝进,谓宜正(zheng)位居(ju)尊,以副(fu)天(tian)(tian)人之望。珪(gui)(gui)以天(tian)(tian)时(shi)人谋,不可久替,谨命礼(li)官(guan),择吉(ji)日受皇(huang)(huang)帝玺绶。惟神(shen)祗(zhi)其(qi)丕祚于魏室,永绥四方(fang)。”事毕,诏有司定行次(ci),正(zheng)服色。群(qun)臣奏以国家继黄(huang)帝之后,宜为土(tu)(tu)(tu)德,故神(shen)兽如牛(niu)(niu),牛(niu)(niu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)畜,又(you)黄(huang)星显曜(yao),其(qi)符也。于是始从土(tu)(tu)(tu)德,数用(yong)五,服尚黄(huang),牺(xi)牲用(yong)白。祀天(tian)(tian)之礼(li)用(yong)周典,以夏四月亲祀于西郊,徽帜有加焉。

二(er)(er)年正月,帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)亲祀上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)南郊(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)始祖神(shen)(shen)元皇(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)配。为坛通(tong)四陛(bi),为壝(wei)(wei)埒(lie)三重。天(tian)位在(zai)(zai)其(qi)上,南面,神(shen)(shen)元西面。五(wu)(wu)(wu)精帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)坛内(nei),壝(wei)(wei)内(nei)四帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),各(ge)(ge)于(yu)其(qi)方,一(yi)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)未。日月五(wu)(wu)(wu)星(xing)、二(er)(er)十八宿、天(tian)一(yi)、太一(yi)、北(bei)斗、司(si)中(zhong)、司(si)命、司(si)禄、司(si)民在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)壝(wei)(wei)内(nei),各(ge)(ge)因其(qi)方。其(qi)余从食者合一(yi)千余神(shen)(shen),餟在(zai)(zai)外壝(wei)(wei)内(nei)。藉用(yong)藁秸,玉用(yong)四珪(gui),币用(yong)束帛,牲(sheng)(sheng)用(yong)黝犊,器用(yong)陶匏。上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、神(shen)(shen)元用(yong)犊各(ge)(ge)一(yi),五(wu)(wu)(wu)方帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)共(gong)用(yong)犊一(yi),日月等共(gong)用(yong)牛一(yi)。祭毕,燎牲(sheng)(sheng)体(ti)左于(yu)坛南巳地,从阳之义。其(qi)瘗地坛兆,制同南郊(jiao)(jiao)。明年正月辛酉,郊(jiao)(jiao)天(tian)。癸亥,瘗地于(yu)北(bei)郊(jiao)(jiao),以(yi)(yi)神(shen)(shen)元窦(dou)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)配。五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)名山在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)壝(wei)(wei)内(nei),四渎大川于(yu)外壝(wei)(wei)内(nei)。后(hou)(hou)土、神(shen)(shen)元后(hou)(hou),牲(sheng)(sheng)共(gong)用(yong)玄牲(sheng)(sheng)一(yi),玉用(yong)两珪(gui),币用(yong)束帛,五(wu)(wu)(wu)岳(yue)等用(yong)牛一(yi)。祭毕,瘗牲(sheng)(sheng)体(ti)右于(yu)坛之北(bei)亥地,从阴也。乙丑,赦(she)京师畿内(nei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)岁刑以(yi)(yi)下。其(qi)后(hou)(hou),冬(dong)至祭上帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)圜丘,夏至祭地于(yu)方泽,用(yong)牲(sheng)(sheng)帛之属(shu),与二(er)(er)郊(jiao)(jiao)同。

冬十(shi)月(yue)(yue),平文、昭(zhao)成(cheng)、献明庙(miao)成(cheng)。岁五祭(ji)(ji),用(yong)(yong)二(er)至、二(er)分、腊,牲(sheng)用(yong)(yong)太(tai)牢,常遣(qian)宗正兼太(tai)尉率祀官侍祀。置太(tai)社、太(tai)稷(ji)、帝社于宗庙(miao)之右,为方坛(tan)四陛。祀以(yi)(yi)二(er)月(yue)(yue)、八月(yue)(yue),用(yong)(yong)戊(wu),皆太(tai)牢。句龙配社,周弃配稷(ji),皆有司(si)侍祀。立祖神(shen)(shen),常以(yi)(yi)正月(yue)(yue)上(shang)未,设藉于端门内,祭(ji)(ji)牲(sheng)用(yong)(yong)羊、豕(shi)、犬(quan)各一。又立神(shen)(shen)元、思帝、平文、昭(zhao)成(cheng)、献明五帝庙(miao)于宫(gong)中,岁四祭(ji)(ji),用(yong)(yong)正、冬、腊、九月(yue)(yue),牲(sheng)用(yong)(yong)马、牛(niu)各一,太(tai)祖亲祀。宫(gong)中立星神(shen)(shen),一岁一祭(ji)(ji),常以(yi)(yi)十(shi)二(er)月(yue)(yue),用(yong)(yong)马荐各一,牛(niu)豕(shi)各二(er),鸡(ji)一。

太祖(zu)初,有两彗星见,刘(liu)后使占(zhan)者占(zhan)之(zhi),曰:“祈之(zhi)则(ze)当扫(sao)定天下(xia)。”后从之(zhi),故立其祀(si)。又(you)立阙二(er)字(zi)  神(shen)(shen)十二(er),岁(sui)一(yi)(yi)祭(ji),常(chang)以(yi)十一(yi)(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue),各用(yong)(yong)牛(niu)一(yi)(yi)、鸡三。又(you)立王神(shen)(shen)四,岁(sui)二(er)祭(ji),常(chang)以(yi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)、十月(yue)(yue)(yue),各用(yong)(yong)羊(yang)一(yi)(yi)。又(you)置献(xian)明(ming)以(yi)上(shang)所(suo)立天神(shen)(shen)四十所(suo),岁(sui)二(er)祭(ji),亦以(yi)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)(yue)、十月(yue)(yue)(yue)。神(shen)(shen)尊者以(yi)马,次以(yi)牛(niu),小以(yi)羊(yang),皆女巫行事(shi)。又(you)于(yu)云中及(ji)盛乐神(shen)(shen)元旧都(dou)祀(si)神(shen)(shen)元以(yi)下(xia)七帝,岁(sui)三祭(ji),正、冬、腊(la),用(yong)(yong)马牛(niu)各一(yi)(yi),祀(si)官侍祀(si)。明(ming)年春,帝始躬耕(geng)籍田,祭(ji)先农(nong),用(yong)(yong)羊(yang)一(yi)(yi)。祀(si)日于(yu)东郊(jiao),用(yong)(yong)骍牛(niu)一(yi)(yi)。秋分祭(ji)月(yue)(yue)(yue)于(yu)西郊(jiao),用(yong)(yong)白(bai)羊(yang)一(yi)(yi)。

天赐二年夏四月,复(fu)(fu)祀天于(yu)(yu)西郊(jiao),为方(fang)(fang)坛一(yi),置木(mu)主七(qi)(qi)于(yu)(yu)上。东为二陛(bi)(bi),无等(deng);周垣四门(men),门(men)各依其方(fang)(fang)色为名。牲(sheng)用白犊、黄驹、白羊各一(yi)。祭之(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),帝(di)御大(da)驾(jia),百官及(ji)宾国诸部大(da)人(ren)(ren)毕从至郊(jiao)所。帝(di)立青(qing)门(men)内(nei)(nei)近(jin)南坛西,内(nei)(nei)朝臣皆位(wei)于(yu)(yu)帝(di)北(bei),外(wai)朝臣及(ji)大(da)人(ren)(ren)咸位(wei)于(yu)(yu)青(qing)门(men)之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),后率六(liu)宫从黑门(men)入,列于(yu)(yu)青(qing)门(men)内(nei)(nei)近(jin)北(bei),并西面(mian)。廪牺令掌(zhang)牲(sheng),陈于(yu)(yu)坛前。女(nv)(nv)巫执鼓,立于(yu)(yu)陛(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)东,西面(mian)。选(xuan)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)族子弟七(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)执酒,在(zai)巫南,西面(mian)北(bei)上。女(nv)(nv)巫升坛,摇鼓。帝(di)拜(bai),若肃拜(bai),百官内(nei)(nei)外(wai)尽(jin)拜(bai)。祀讫,复(fu)(fu)拜(bai)。拜(bai)讫,乃杀牲(sheng)。执酒七(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)西向,以酒洒天神(shen)主,复(fu)(fu)拜(bai),如此(ci)者七(qi)(qi)。礼毕而返(fan)。自是(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)后,岁一(yi)祭。

太(tai)宗永(yong)兴三年三月,帝(di)祷于武周(zhou)车轮(lun)二山(shan)。初清河(he)王绍有(you)宠于太(tai)祖,性凶(xiong)悍,帝(di)每以义责(ze)之(zhi),弗(fu)从。帝(di)惧其变,乃于山(shan)上祈福于天地神(shen)祇。及即位坛兆,后因(yin)以为常(chang)祀,岁一祭,牲用(yong)牛,帝(di)皆亲之(zhi),无(wu)常(chang)日。

明年(nian),立(li)(li)(li)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)庙(miao)于(yu)(yu)白登山(shan)。岁一(yi)祭(ji)(ji),具太(tai)(tai)牢,帝亲之(zhi)(zhi),亦无常月。兼(jian)祀(si)皇天上(shang)帝,以(yi)山(shan)神配,旱则祷之(zhi)(zhi),多有(you)效。是岁,诏郡(jun)国于(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)巡(xun)幸行宫(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)所,各(ge)(ge)立(li)(li)(li)坛,祭(ji)(ji)以(yi)太(tai)(tai)牢,岁一(yi)祭(ji)(ji),皆牧守侍祀(si)。又(you)立(li)(li)(li)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)别(bie)庙(miao)于(yu)(yu)宫(gong)(gong)中(zhong),岁四祭(ji)(ji),用牛马羊各(ge)(ge)一(yi)。又(you)加置天日月之(zhi)(zhi)神及(ji)(ji)诸小神二(er)十八(ba)所于(yu)(yu)宫(gong)(gong)内,岁二(er)祭(ji)(ji),各(ge)(ge)用羊一(yi)。后二(er)年(nian),于(yu)(yu)白登西(xi),太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)旧游之(zhi)(zhi)处,立(li)(li)(li)昭成、献明、太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)庙(miao),常以(yi)九月、十月之(zhi)(zhi)交,帝亲祭(ji)(ji),牲用马、牛、羊,及(ji)(ji)亲行貙(chu)刘之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。别(bie)置天神等二(er)十三(san)(san)于(yu)(yu)庙(miao)左右,其(qi)神大者以(yi)马,小者以(yi)羊。华阴公主,帝姊也,元绍(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)为逆,有(you)保护功,故别(bie)立(li)(li)(li)其(qi)庙(miao)于(yu)(yu)太(tai)(tai)祖(zu)庙(miao)垣后,因祭(ji)(ji)荐焉。又(you)于(yu)(yu)云中(zhong)、盛乐、金陵三(san)(san)所,各(ge)(ge)立(li)(li)(li)太(tai)(tai)庙(miao),四时祀(si)官侍祀(si)。

泰(tai)常三年,为五(wu)精帝兆于(yu)(yu)四(si)郊,远近依五(wu)行数。各(ge)(ge)为方坛四(si)陛,埒壝三重(zhong),通四(si)门。以(yi)(yi)太皞等及诸佐随配。侑祭(ji)(ji)黄帝,常以(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)秋前十(shi)八日。余(yu)四(si)帝,各(ge)(ge)以(yi)(yi)四(si)立(li)(li)之日。牲(sheng)各(ge)(ge)用(yong)牛一(yi),有(you)司(si)(si)主之。又(you)六宗、灵(ling)星、风伯(bo)、雨师(shi)、司(si)(si)民、司(si)(si)禄、先农之坛,皆有(you)别兆,祭(ji)(ji)有(you)常日,牲(sheng)用(yong)少牢(lao)。立(li)(li)春之日,遣有(you)司(si)(si)迎春于(yu)(yu)东郊,祭(ji)(ji)用(yong)酒、脯(fu)、枣、栗,无牲(sheng)币(bi)。又(you)立(li)(li)五(wu)岳(yue)四(si)渎(du)庙(miao)于(yu)(yu)桑乾水(shui)之阴,春秋遣有(you)司(si)(si)祭(ji)(ji),有(you)牲(sheng)及币(bi)。四(si)渎(du)唯(wei)以(yi)(yi)牲(sheng)牢(lao),准古望秩云。其余(yu)山川及海若诸神在州(zhou)郡者,合三百(bai)二十(shi)四(si)所,每岁十(shi)月(yue),遣祀官诣州(zhou)镇遍祀。有(you)水(shui)旱灾厉,则(ze)(ze)牧守各(ge)(ge)随其界内祈谒,其祭(ji)(ji)皆用(yong)牲(sheng)。王畿内诸山川,皆列祀次(ci)祭(ji)(ji),各(ge)(ge)有(you)水(shui)旱则(ze)(ze)祷之。

明(ming)年八月,帝尝(chang)于白登庙,将荐熟(shu),有(you)神异(yi)焉。太(tai)庙博士许钟上言曰:“臣闻(wen)圣人(ren)能飨帝,孝子(zi)能飨亲(qin)。伏惟陛(bi)下孝诚之至,通于神明(ming)。近(jin)尝(chang)于太(tai)祖庙,有(you)车骑声,从北门(men)入,殷殷轞々,震动门(men)阙,执事者(zhe)无不肃忄栗。斯乃国祚永隆之兆,宜告天(tian)下,使咸(xian)知圣德之深远。”

辛(xin)未,幸代(dai),至雁门(men)关,望祀恆(heng)岳。后二年九(jiu)月(yue)(yue),幸桥山,遣有(you)司(si)祀黄帝、唐尧(yao)庙。明(ming)年正(zheng)月(yue)(yue),南巡恆(heng)岳,祀以太(tai)牢。幸洛(luo)阳(yang),遣使以太(tai)牢祀嵩高、华岳。还登太(tai)行。五月(yue)(yue),至自洛(luo)阳(yang),诸所过(guo)山川(chuan),群祀之。后三(san)年二月(yue)(yue),祀孔子于国学,以颜渊(yuan)配。

神二年(nian),帝(di)将(jiang)征蠕蠕,省郊祀仪。四月,以小驾祭天神,毕(bi),帝(di)遂亲戎。大捷(jie)而还,归格于祖(zu)祢,遍告群神。

九月,立密皇太后(hou)庙(miao)于(yu)鄴,后(hou)之旧(jiu)乡也。置祀官太常博士、齐郎三十余人(ren),侍祀,岁五(wu)祭。

太(tai)延元年,立庙于恆岳(yue)、华岳(yue)、嵩岳(yue)上(shang),各置待祀九十人,岁时(shi)祈祷水旱(han)。其春秋泮(pan)涸,遣官(guan)率(lv)刺史祭以牲牢(lao),有玉币(bi)。

魏(wei)先之(zhi)居(ju)幽都也,凿(zao)石为祖(zu)宗之(zhi)庙于(yu)(yu)乌(wu)洛侯国(guo)(guo)西北(bei)。自后南(nan)(nan)迁,其地隔远。真君中(zhong),乌(wu)洛侯国(guo)(guo)遣(qian)使朝献,云石庙如故,民(min)常祈(qi)请,有神(shen)验(yan)焉。其岁,遣(qian)中(zhong)书侍郎李敞(chang)诣石室,告祭天地,以(yi)(yi)皇(huang)祖(zu)先妣配。祝曰:“天子焘谨遣(qian)敞(chang)等用骏足、一元大武敢昭(zhao)告于(yu)(yu)皇(huang)天之(zhi)灵。自启辟(pi)之(zhi)初,祐(you)我皇(huang)祖(zu),于(yu)(yu)彼土田。历(li)载亿(yi)年(nian),聿来(lai)南(nan)(nan)迁。惟(wei)祖(zu)惟(wei)父(fu),光(guang)宅中(zhong)原。克剪凶丑,拓定四边。冲(chong)人(ren)纂业(ye)(ye),德声(sheng)弗彰。岂谓(wei)幽遐(xia),稽首来(lai)王。具知旧庙,弗毁弗亡。悠悠之(zhi)怀,希仰余光(guang)。王业(ye)(ye)之(zhi)兴,起(qi)自皇(huang)祖(zu)。绵(mian)绵(mian)瓜(gua)瓞,时惟(wei)多祜。敢以(yi)(yi)丕功,配飨于(yu)(yu)天。子子孙孙,福禄(lu)永延。”敞(chang)等既祭,斩桦(hua)木立之(zhi),以(yi)(yi)置牲体而(er)还。后所(suo)立桦(hua)木生长成林(lin),其民(min)益(yi)神(shen)奉(feng)之(zhi)。咸谓(wei)魏(wei)国(guo)(guo)感灵祇之(zhi)应也。石室南(nan)(nan)距(ju)代京(jing)可(ke)四千余里。

明年六(liu)月,司徒崔浩奏议:“神(shen)祀多(duo)不经,案祀典(dian)所宜祀,凡五十七(qi)所,余复重及小(xiao)神(shen),请(qing)皆(jie)罢之。”奏可(ke)。

十(shi)一年(nian)十(shi)一月,世祖南征,迳恆山,祀(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)牢。浮河、济,祀(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)少牢。过岱宗(zong),祀(si)以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)牢。至(zhi)鲁,以(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)牢祭孔(kong)子。遂临(lin)江,登(deng)瓜步而还。

文成(cheng)皇帝即(ji)位(wei),三年正月,遣有司(si)诣(yi)华(hua)岳修庙立碑。数十人(ren)在山上,闻虚(xu)中若(ruo)有音声,声中称万岁(sui)云。

和(he)平元年正月,帝(di)东巡(xun)。历桥山,祀黄帝(di);幸(xing)辽西,望祀医无闾(lv)山。遂缘(yuan)海西南,幸(xing)冀(ji)州(zhou),北至中山,过恆(heng)岳(yue),礼(li)(li)其神(shen)而返。明年,帝(di)南巡(xun),过石门,遣使者用玉(yu)璧牲牢(lao),礼(li)(li)恆(heng)岳(yue)。

四月(yue)旱(han),下诏州郡,于其界内神无大小(xiao),悉(xi)洒扫荐以酒脯(fu)。年登之后,各随本秩(zhi),祭以牲牢。至(zhi)是(shi),群(qun)祀(si)先(xian)废者皆复之。

显(xian)祖皇兴二年(nian),以青(qing)徐既平,遣中书令兼(jian)太常高(gao)允奉玉币祀于东(dong)岳(yue),以太牢祀孔子。

高祖延兴二年,有(you)司奏天地五(wu)郊(jiao)、社(she)稷(ji)已下(xia)及诸(zhu)神,合一千(qian)七十(shi)五(wu)所(suo),岁用(yong)牲(sheng)七万五(wu)千(qian)五(wu)百(bai)。显祖深愍生命,乃诏曰(yue):“朕承天事神,以(yi)育(yu)群品,而咸秩处广,用(yong)牲(sheng)甚众。夫神聪明正直,享(xiang)德与(yu)信,何必(bi)在牲(sheng)。《易(yi)》曰(yue):‘东邻(lin)(lin)杀牛,不(bu)如(ru)西(xi)邻(lin)(lin)之(zhi)礿祭,实受其福(fu)。’苟(gou)诚(cheng)感有(you)著(zhu),虽行(xing)潦菜羹(geng),可以(yi)致大嘏,何必(bi)多杀,然后获祉福(fu)哉!其命有(you)司,非郊(jiao)天地、宗(zong)庙、社(she)稷(ji)之(zhi)祀(si)(si),皆无用(yong)牲(sheng)。”于是群祀(si)(si)悉用(yong)酒(jiu)脯(fu)。

先是,长(zhang)安牧守常有事于周文、武庙。四年,坎地埋牲,庙玉发见。四月(yue),诏东阳王丕祭文、武二庙。以庙玉露见,若即而埋之,或恐愚(yu)民将为盗(dao)窃,敕近司收之府藏。

六月,显祖以西(xi)郊旧事,岁增木主七,易(yi)世则更兆(zhao),其事无益(yi)于神明。初革前仪(yi),定置主七,立(li)碑于郊所。

太和二(er)年,旱。帝(di)亲祈皇天、日月五星于(yu)苑(yuan)中,祭之夕(xi)大雨,遂赦京(jing)师。

三年,上祈(qi)于(yu)北苑,又祷星(xing)于(yu)苑中(zhong)

六年十一月,将(jiang)亲祀七庙,诏有(you)司依礼具仪。于是群臣议(yi)曰:“昔有(you)虞亲虔,祖考来格,殷宗躬谒(ye),介福逌(you)降。大(da)魏七庙之(zhi)祭,依先(xian)朝旧事(shi),多不亲谒(ye)。今陛下(xia)孝诚发中,思亲祀事(shi),稽合(he)古王礼之(zhi)常典。臣等谨案(an)旧章,并采汉魏故事(shi),撰祭服冠屦牲牢之(zhi)具,罍洗簠簋(gui)俎(zu)豆之(zhi)器,百官助祭位次,乐官节奏之(zhi)引,升降进退之(zhi)法,别集为亲拜之(zhi)仪。”制(zhi)可。于是上乃(nai)亲祭。其后(hou)四时(shi)常祀,皆亲之(zhi)。

十年四(si)月,帝初以法服御辇(nian),祀(si)于西郊(jiao)。

十(shi)二年(nian)十(shi)月,帝亲筑圜丘于南郊。

十三(san)(san)年(nian)正月(yue),帝以大(da)驾有(you)事于(yu)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)。五月(yue)庚戍(shu),车驾有(you)事于(yu)方(fang)泽。壬戌,高祖临皇信堂(tang),引见群臣。诏曰(yue):“《礼记祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)法》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):‘有(you)虞氏(shi)禘(di)(di)(di)黄帝。’《大(da)传(chuan)》曰(yue)‘禘(di)(di)(di)其祖之(zhi)所自出’,又称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘不王(wang)不禘(di)(di)(di)’。《论(lun)》曰(yue):“‘禘(di)(di)(di)自既(ji)灌。’《诗》《颂》:‘《长(zhang)发(fa)》,大(da)禘(di)(di)(di)。’《尔雅》曰(yue):‘禘(di)(di)(di),大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也。’夏(xia)殷(yin)四时祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji):礻(shi)勺(shao)、禘(di)(di)(di)、烝(zheng)、尝,周改(gai)禘(di)(di)(di)为祠。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)义》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘春祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、秋(qiu)尝’,亦夏(xia)殷(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也。《王(wang)制》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):‘犆罐、祫(xia)(xia)禘(di)(di)(di)、祫(xia)(xia)尝祫(xia)(xia)烝(zheng)。’其礼传(chuan)之(zhi)文如此。郑玄(xuan)解(jie)禘(di)(di)(di),天(tian)子祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圜(yuan)丘(qiu)曰(yue)禘(di)(di)(di),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)亦曰(yue)禘(di)(di)(di)。三(san)(san)年(nian)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia),五年(nian)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)、祫(xia)(xia)则(ze)合群毁庙(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)主于(yu)太庙(miao)(miao)(miao),合而(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)。禘(di)(di)(di)则(ze)增及百官(guan)配食者,审(shen)谛而(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)。天(tian)子先禘(di)(di)(di)佩而(er)后(hou)时祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),诸侯(hou)先时祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)后(hou)禘(di)(di)(di)佩。鲁礼,三(san)(san)年(nian)丧毕而(er)祫(xia)(xia),明年(nian)而(er)禘(di)(di)(di)。圜(yuan)丘(qiu)、宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)俱称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)两禘(di)(di)(di)明也。王(wang)肃解(jie)禘(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia),称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)子诸侯(hou)皆禘(di)(di)(di)于(yu)宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao),非祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)之(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。郊祀(si)后(hou)稷,不称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di),宗(zong)(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di)。禘(di)(di)(di)、祫(xia)(xia)一(yi)名也,合而(er)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)祫(xia)(xia),审(shen)谛之(zhi)故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禘(di)(di)(di),非两祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)名。三(san)(san)年(nian)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia),五年(nian)一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di),总而(er)互(hu)举之(zhi),故(gu)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五年(nian)再殷(yin)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),不言一(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)一(yi)祫(xia)(xia),断可(ke)知矣。礼文大(da)略,诸儒(ru)之(zhi)说,尽具(ju)于(yu)此。卿等便可(ke)议(yi)其是非。”

尚书(shu)(shu)游明根、左丞(cheng)郭(guo)祚、中书(shu)(shu)侍郎封琳(lin)、著作(zuo)郎崔(cui)光(guang)等对(dui)曰:“郑氏之义(yi),禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者大(da)祭(ji)之名(ming)。大(da)祭(ji)圜丘谓(wei)之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者,审(shen)谛(di)五精星辰(chen)也(ye);大(da)祭(ji)宗庙(miao)谓(wei)之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)者,审(shen)谛(di)其(qi)昭穆。圜丘常(chang)合(he)不(bu)(bu)言祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),宗庙(miao)时合(he)故(gu)言祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)。斯则宗庙(miao)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)趾并(bing)行(xing),圜丘一(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而已。宜于(yu)(yu)宗庙(miao)俱行(xing)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之礼(li)(li)。二礼(li)(li)异,故(gu)名(ming)殊。依《礼(li)(li)》,春(chun)废犆罐,于(yu)(yu)尝于(yu)(yu)蒸则祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),不(bu)(bu)于(yu)(yu)三(san)时皆行(xing)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)佩之礼(li)(li)。”中书(shu)(shu)监高闾(lv)、仪曹令(ling)李韶(shao)、中书(shu)(shu)侍郎高遵(zun)等十三(san)人对(dui)称:“禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)圜丘之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)与郑义(yi)同(tong),其(qi)宗庙(miao)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)之祭(ji)与王(wang)义(yi)同(tong)。与郑义(yi)同(tong)者,以(yi)为有虞(yu)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黄(huang)帝(di),黄(huang)帝(di)非虞(yu)在庙(miao)之帝(di),不(bu)(bu)在庙(miao),非圜丘而何?又(you)《大(da)传》称祖(zu)其(qi)所自出之祖(zu),又(you)非在庙(miao)之文。《论》称‘禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)自既灌’,事似(si)据(ju)。《尔雅(ya)》称‘禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),大(da)祭(ji)也(ye)’。《颂(song)》‘《长发》,大(da)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)’,殷(yin)王(wang)之祭(ji)。斯皆非诸侯(hou)(hou)之礼(li)(li),诸侯(hou)(hou)无禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。礼(li)(li)唯夏(xia)殷(yin),夏(xia)祭(ji)称禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),又(you)非宗庙(miao)之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。鲁行(xing)天子之仪,不(bu)(bu)敢专行(xing)圜丘之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),改殷(yin)之禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),取(qu)其(qi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)名(ming)于(yu)(yu)宗庙(miao),因先(xian)有祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),遂生两名(ming)。据(ju)王(wang)氏之义(yi),祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)而禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祭(ji)之,故(gu)言禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia),总谓(wei)再殷(yin)祭(ji),明不(bu)(bu)异也(ye)。禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)名(ming)也(ye)。其(qi)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)祫(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)止(zhi)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)时,止(zhi)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)时者,祭(ji)不(bu)(bu)欲(yu)数,数则黩。一(yi)(yi)岁(sui)而三(san)禘(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),愚以(yi)为过(guo)数。”

帝(di)曰:“尚(shang)书、中(zhong)书等,据(ju)(ju)二家之(zhi)义,论禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)详(xiang)矣。然(ran)于行事(shi)取衷,犹(you)有(you)未允。监等以(yi)禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)为(wei)名,义同(tong)王氏,禘(di)(di)祭(ji)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘,事(shi)与(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)同(tong)。无(wu)所间然(ran)。尚(shang)书等与(yu)(yu)郑(zheng)(zheng)氏同(tong),两名两祭(ji),并(bing)存(cun)并(bing)用,理有(you)未称(cheng)。俱据(ju)(ju)二义,一(yi)(yi)时(shi)(shi)(shi)禘(di)(di)祫(xia),而(er)阙(que)二时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)禘(di)(di),事(shi)有(you)难从。夫先王制礼,内(nei)缘人子(zi)之(zhi)情,外协尊卑之(zhi)序。故天子(zi)七庙(miao)(miao),诸侯五(wu)庙(miao)(miao),大夫三庙(miao)(miao),数尽则(ze)(ze)毁,藏主于太祖之(zhi)庙(miao)(miao),三年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)祫(xia)祭(ji)之(zhi)。世(shi)尽则(ze)(ze)毁,以(yi)示(shi)有(you)终之(zhi)义;三年(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)祫(xia),以(yi)申追远之(zhi)情。禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)既(ji)是一(yi)(yi)祭(ji),分(fen)而(er)两之(zhi),事(shi)无(wu)所据(ju)(ju)。毁庙(miao)(miao)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)祫(xia),又有(you)不(bu)尽四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi),于礼为(wei)阙(que)。七庙(miao)(miao)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)常祭(ji),祫(xia)则(ze)(ze)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)祭(ji),而(er)又不(bu)究(jiu)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi),于情为(wei)简。王以(yi)禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)祭(ji),王义为(wei)长。郑(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘为(wei)禘(di)(di),与(yu)(yu)宗庙(miao)(miao)大祭(ji)同(tong)名,义亦为(wei)当。今(jin)互取郑(zheng)(zheng)、王二义。禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)并(bing)为(wei)一(yi)(yi)名,从王;禘(di)(di)佩(pei)(pei)是祭(ji)圜(yuan)(yuan)丘大祭(ji)之(zhi)名,上下同(tong)用,从郑(zheng)(zheng)。若以(yi)数则(ze)(ze)黩,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di),改祫(xia)从禘(di)(di)。五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)禘(di)(di),则(ze)(ze)四(si)(si)时(shi)(shi)(shi)尽禘(di)(di),以(yi)称(cheng)今(jin)情。禘(di)(di)则(ze)(ze)依《礼》文,先禘(di)(di)而(er)后时(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)。便即(ji)施行,著之(zhi)于令,永为(wei)世(shi)法。”

高闾曰(yue):“《书(shu)》称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):‘肆类于(yu)上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),禋(yin)于(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)。’六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀,《礼》无(wu)(wu)明(ming)文,名位坛兆,历代(dai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)疑(yi)(yi)。汉魏(wei)及晋诸儒异(yi)说(shuo),或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)天(tian)地(di)四时,或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)《易》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子,或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)风雷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类,或称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)星(xing)辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,或曰(yue)世代(dai)所(suo)(suo)(suo)宗(zong)(zong),或云宗(zong)(zong)庙所(suo)(suo)(suo)尚,或曰(yue)社稷五(wu)祀,凡有(you)(you)十一(yi)家。自晋已(yi)来,逮(dai)于(yu)圣世,以(yi)为(wei)论(lun)者虽多(duo),皆有(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)阙(que),莫能(neng)评究。遂(sui)相因承,别(bie)(bie)立(li)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆,总为(wei)一(yi)位而(er)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。比敕臣等评议取衷,附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀典。臣等承旨,披究往说(shuo),各有(you)(you)其(qi)理。较而(er)论(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),长短互有(you)(you),若偏用一(yi)家,事或差舛。众疑(yi)(yi)则(ze)(ze)从多(duo),今(jin)惑(huo)则(ze)(ze)仍古。请(qing)依先(xian)别(bie)(bie)处六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆,总为(wei)一(yi)祀而(er)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”帝(di)(di)(di)曰(yue):“详定(ding)朝令(ling),祀为(wei)事首,以(yi)疑(yi)(yi)从疑(yi)(yi),何(he)所(suo)(suo)(suo)取正?昔石渠、虎(hu)阁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议,皆准类以(yi)引义,原(yuan)事以(yi)证情(qing),故能(neng)通百(bai)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要,定(ding)累世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疑(yi)(yi)。况今(jin)有(you)(you)文可(ke)(ke)据,有(you)(you)本(ben)可(ke)(ke)推,而(er)不评而(er)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)致安在?朕躬览《尚书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)‘肆类上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),禋(yin)于(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)’,文相连属,理似一(yi)事。上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肆而(er)无(wu)(wu)禋(yin),六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)言禋(yin)而(er)不别(bie)(bie)其(qi)名。以(yi)此推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)当是一(yi)时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祀,非(fei)(fei)别(bie)(bie)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。肆类非(fei)(fei)独(du)祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目,焚烟(yan)非(fei)(fei)他祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)者,必(bi)是天(tian)皇大帝(di)(di)(di)及五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神明(ming)矣(yi)。禋(yin)是祭(ji)(ji)帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禋(yin)以(yi)关其(qi)他,故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)以(yi)证之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。然则(ze)(ze)肆类上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),禋(yin)于(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong),一(yi)祭(ji)(ji)也,互举以(yi)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)祭(ji)(ji)圜丘,五(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)在焉,其(qi)牲(sheng)币俱禋(yin),故称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肆类上(shang)帝(di)(di)(di),禋(yin)于(yu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)。一(yi)祭(ji)(ji)而(er)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祀备(bei)焉。六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)祭(ji)(ji)既备(bei),无(wu)(wu)烦复别(bie)(bie)立(li)六(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)宗(zong)(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。便可(ke)(ke)依此附令(ling),永为(wei)定(ding)法。”

十四年八月诏曰:“丘泽初志,配尚(shang)宜(yi)定,五德相袭(xi),分(fen)叙有常。然(ran)异(yi)同之(zhi)(zhi)论,著于往汉,未详之(zhi)(zhi)说,疑在今史。群官百(bai)辟,可(ke)议(yi)其所(suo)应,必令合衷,以成万代之(zhi)(zhi)式(shi)。”

中(zhong)书监(jian)高闾议(yi)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“帝王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作,百(bai)代(dai)可知,运代(dai)相承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),书传可验(yan)。虽祚(zuo)命(ming)有(you)(you)长短,德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政有(you)(you)优劣,至于(yu)(yu)受终严祖(zu),殷荐上帝,其(qi)(qi)(qi)致一(yi)也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)敢(gan)述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)载,举其(qi)(qi)(qi)大略。臣闻居尊据(ju)极,允应明命(ming)者(zhe)(zhe),莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)统,神(shen)(shen)州为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)帝宅。苟位(wei)当名全,化迹(ji)流洽,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)专以(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)数为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)与(yu)夺,善恶(e)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)非(fei)。故(gu)(gu)尧舜禅揖,一(yi)身异尚;魏(wei)(wei)(wei)晋(jin)(jin)相代(dai),少纪(ji)运殊(shu)。桀(jie)纣(zhou)至虐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)废(fei)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)历之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叙;厉惠(hui)至昏(hun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)阙周晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)录。计五德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)论,始自汉(han)(han)(han)刘(liu),一(yi)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)议(yi),三家(jia)(jia)致别(bie)(bie)。故(gu)(gu)张苍以(yi)(yi)汉(han)(han)(han)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),贾谊、公孙臣以(yi)(yi)汉(han)(han)(han)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),刘(liu)向以(yi)(yi)汉(han)(han)(han)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe),正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)尝有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)溢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)应,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)推(tui)运代(dai)相承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数矣(yi)(yi)。以(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe),则以(yi)(yi)亡(wang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)继历,相即(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)次(ci),不(bu)(bu)(bu)推(tui)逆(ni)顺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异也(ye)。以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe),悬证赤(chi)帝斩蛇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符(fu),弃秦(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)暴,越恶(e)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)善,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)次(ci)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)也(ye),故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)周为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。自兹厥后,乃以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常。魏(wei)(wei)(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)汉(han)(han)(han),火(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)土(tu)(tu),故(gu)(gu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。晋(jin)(jin)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)魏(wei)(wei)(wei),土(tu)(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)金,故(gu)(gu)晋(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。赵承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)晋(jin)(jin),金生(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui),故(gu)(gu)赵为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。燕承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)赵,水(shui)(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)木(mu)(mu),故(gu)(gu)燕为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)燕,木(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)火(huo),故(gu)(gu)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)火(huo)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。秦(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未灭(mie),皇魏(wei)(wei)(wei)未克神(shen)(shen)州,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)氏(shi)既(ji)亡(wang),大魏(wei)(wei)(wei)称(cheng)制玄朔(shuo)。故(gu)(gu)平文之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庙,始称(cheng)‘太祖(zu)’,以(yi)(yi)明受命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)证,如周在岐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阳。若(ruo)(ruo)继晋(jin)(jin),晋(jin)(jin)亡(wang)已(yi)久;若(ruo)(ruo)弃秦(qin)(qin)(qin),则中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)寄。推(tui)此而言,承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理,事为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明验(yan)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)秦(qin)(qin)(qin),魏(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),又(you)五纬表(biao)验(yan),黄星曜彩(cai),考氏(shi)定实,合德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轩辕,承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)(tu)祖(zu)未,事为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)著矣(yi)(yi)。又(you)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)赵及(ji)燕,虽非(fei)明圣,各正(zheng)号(hao)赤(chi)县,统有(you)(you)中(zhong)土(tu)(tu),郊天祭地,肆类咸秩(zhi),明刑制礼,不(bu)(bu)(bu)失旧章。奄岱逾(yu)河,境被淮汉(han)(han)(han)。非(fei)若(ruo)(ruo)龌龊边方(fang),僭(jian)拟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,远如孙权、刘(liu)备(bei),近若(ruo)(ruo)刘(liu)裕、道成,事系(xi)蛮夷,非(fei)关中(zhong)夏。伏惟圣朝,德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)天地,道被四海,承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)乾统历,功侔百(bai)王(wang)。光格同(tong)于(yu)(yu)唐虞,享祚(zuo)流于(yu)(yu)周汉(han)(han)(han),正(zheng)位(wei)中(zhong)境,奄有(you)(you)万方(fang)。今(jin)若(ruo)(ruo)并弃三家(jia)(jia),远承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)晋(jin)(jin)氏(shi),则蔑中(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)次(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实。存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无损于(yu)(yu)此,而有(you)(you)成于(yu)(yu)彼;废(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无益(yi)于(yu)(yu)今(jin),而有(you)(you)伤于(yu)(yu)事。臣愚(yu)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)从尚黄,定为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)德(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。又(you)前(qian)代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,明贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)史,皆(jie)因其(qi)(qi)(qi)可褒褒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可贬贬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今(jin)议(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)偏据(ju)可绝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,而不(bu)(bu)(bu)录可全之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。所论事大,垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)万叶(ye)。宜(yi)并集中(zhong)秘群儒,人(ren)人(ren)别(bie)(bie)议(yi),择(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所长,于(yu)(yu)理为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)悉。”

秘(mi)书(shu)丞臣李彪、著作郎崔光等议(yi)以(yi)为:“尚(shang)书(shu)闾议(yi),继近秦氏(shi)。臣职掌(zhang)国(guo)籍,颇览前书(shu),惜(xi)此(ci)正(zheng)次,慨彼非绪。辄仰推(tui)帝始(shi),远(yuan)寻百王(wang)。魏虽建国(guo)君(jun)民,兆关振古,祖黄制(zhi)朔,绵(mian)迹(ji)有(you)(you)因。然此(ci)帝业,神元(yuan)(yuan)为首(shou)。案(an)神元(yuan)(yuan)、晋(jin)武(wu),往来和好(hao)。至(zhi)于桓、穆,洛京破亡。二帝志(zhi)摧(cui)聪、勒,思存晋(jin)氏(shi),每(mei)助刘琨,申威并冀。是以(yi)晋(jin)室(shi)衔(xian)扶救之(zhi)(zhi)仁,越(yue)石深代王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)请。平文、太祖,抗衡苻石,终(zhong)平燕氏(shi),大(da)造中区。则是司马祚终(zhong)于郏(jia)鄏,而(er)(er)元(yuan)(yuan)氏(shi)受命于云(yun)代。盖自(zi)(zi)(zi)周之(zhi)(zhi)灭及汉(han)正(zheng)号(hao),几(ji)六十年,著符尚(shang)赤。后虽张、贾殊(shu)议(yi),暂疑(yi)而(er)(er)卒从火德,以(yi)继周氏(shi)。排虐嬴以(yi)比(bi)共工,蔑暴项而(er)(er)同吴广。近蠲谬伪,远(yuan)即神正(zheng),若此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)明也。宁使白(bai)蛇(she)徒斩(zhan),雕(diao)云(yun)空结(jie)哉!自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)晋(jin)倾沦,暨登国(guo)肇号(hao),亦几(ji)六十余载,物(wu)色旗(qi)帜,率多从黑(hei)。是又自(zi)(zi)(zi)然合应,玄同汉(han)始(shi)。且秦并天下,革(ge)创(chuang)法度,汉(han)仍(reng)其制(zhi),少所(suo)变易。犹仰推(tui)五运,竟踵隆姬。而(er)(er)况刘、石、苻、燕,世业促褊,纲纪弗(fu)立。魏接其弊(bi),自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)彝典,岂可异汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)木,舍晋(jin)而(er)(er)为土邪(xie)?夫皇统(tong)崇极,承(cheng)运至(zhi)重,必(bi)当推(tui)协天绪,考审正(zheng)次,不(bu)(bu)可杂以(yi)僭窃(qie),参(can)之(zhi)(zhi)强狡。神元(yuan)(yuan)既晋(jin)武(wu)同世,桓、穆与怀、愍(min)接时(shi)。晋(jin)室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)沦,平文始(shi)大(da),庙号(hao)太祖,抑亦有(you)(you)由。绍(shao)晋(jin)定德,孰曰不(bu)(bu)可,而(er)(er)欲次兹(zi)伪僭,岂非惑乎?臣所(suo)以(yi)慺慺惜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi),唯垂察纳。”诏令(ling)群官议(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。

十五(wu)年正月(yue),侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、司空、长乐王(wang)穆亮,侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)仆(pu)射、平原王(wang)陆叡,侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、吏部(bu)尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)、中(zhong)(zhong)山王(wang)王(wang)元孙,侍(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)、尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)、驸马都(dou)尉、南(nan)平王(wang)冯诞(dan),散骑(qi)(qi)常侍(shi)(shi)、都(dou)曹尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)、新(xin)泰(tai)侯(hou)游明根(gen),散骑(qi)(qi)常侍(shi)(shi)、南(nan)部(bu)令(ling)邓侍(shi)(shi)祖,秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)散李(li)恺,尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)左(zuo)丞郭祚,右丞、霸城(cheng)子卫庆,中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)郎封(feng)琳,中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)郎、泰(tai)昌子崔(cui)挺,中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)侍(shi)(shi)郎贾元寿等(deng)言:“臣等(deng)受敕共议(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)(shu)(shu)监高(gao)闾(lv)(lv)、秘书(shu)(shu)(shu)丞李(li)彪等(deng)二人(ren)所(suo)(suo)议(yi)皇(huang)魏行次(ci)。尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)闾(lv)(lv)以(yi)石承(cheng)晋为(wei)水(shui)德(de)(de),以(yi)燕承(cheng)石为(wei)木德(de)(de),以(yi)秦承(cheng)燕为(wei)火德(de)(de),大魏次(ci)秦为(wei)土德(de)(de),皆以(yi)地据(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia),以(yi)为(wei)得(de)统之(zhi)(zhi)征。皇(huang)魏建号(hao),事接秦末,晋既灭(mie)亡,天命在(zai)我。故(gu)因中(zhong)(zhong)原有(you)寄,即(ji)而承(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)。彪等(deng)据(ju)(ju)神(shen)元皇(huang)帝与晋武并时(shi),桓、穆二帝,仍修(xiu)旧好。始(shi)自平文,逮于(yu)太(tai)祖,抗(kang)衡(heng)秦、赵,终平慕容。晋祚终于(yu)秦方,大魏兴于(yu)云朔。据(ju)(ju)汉弃(qi)秦承(cheng)周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)义,以(yi)皇(huang)魏承(cheng)晋为(wei)水(shui)德(de)(de)。二家之(zhi)(zhi)论,大略如此。臣等(deng)谨共参论,伏(fu)惟皇(huang)魏世王(wang)玄朔,下迄魏、晋,赵、秦、二燕虽地据(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)华,德(de)(de)祚微(wei)浅,并获推叙(xu),于(yu)理未(wei)惬。又(you)国家积德(de)(de)修(xiu)长,道光(guang)万载(zai)。彪等(deng)职主东观,详究图史(shi),所(suo)(suo)据(ju)(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)理,其致难夺。今欲从彪等(deng)所(suo)(suo)议(yi),宜承(cheng)晋为(wei)水(shui)德(de)(de)。’诏曰:“越近承(cheng)远,情所(suo)(suo)未(wei)安(an)。然(ran)考(kao)次(ci)推时(shi),颇(po)亦难继。朝贤所(suo)(suo)议(yi),岂(qi)朕能(neng)有(you)违夺。便可依为(wei)水(shui)德(de)(de),祖申腊辰(chen)。”

四年,经(jing)始明(ming)堂,改营太庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。诏曰:“祖(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)功(gong),宗(zong)有(you)(you)德(de)(de),自非(fei)功(gong)德(de)(de)厚者,不(bu)得擅祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),居二(er)祧之(zhi)(zhi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。仰(yang)惟先朝旧事(shi),舛驳(bo)不(bu)同(tong),难以(yi)取(qu)准(zhun)。今将述(shu)遵先志,具详礼典(dian),宜(yi)制(zhi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)号,定将来之(zhi)(zhi)法。烈(lie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)创基(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),世(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)开拓(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)(de),宜(yi)为(wei)(wei)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)宗(zong),百(bai)世(shi)不(bu)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)。而(er)远祖(zu)(zu)(zu)平(ping)文功(gong)未多于昭成,然庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)号为(wei)(wei)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu);道武建业之(zhi)(zhi)勋,高于平(ping)文,庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)号为(wei)(wei)烈(lie)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)。比功(gong)校德(de)(de),以(yi)为(wei)(wei)未允(yun)。朕(zhen)今奉尊道武为(wei)(wei)太祖(zu)(zu)(zu),与显祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)(wei)二(er)祧,余者以(yi)次而(er)迁(qian)(qian)(qian)。平(ping)文既迁(qian)(qian)(qian),庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)唯有(you)(you)六(liu),始今七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),一(yi)则无主。唯当(dang)朕(zhen)躬此(ci)事(shi),亦臣子所难言。夫生(sheng)必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)终,人之(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)理。朕(zhen)以(yi)不(bu)德(de)(de),忝(tian)承(cheng)洪绪,若宗(zong)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling),获全首领(ling)以(yi)没于地,为(wei)(wei)昭穆之(zhi)(zhi)次,心愿(yuan)毕矣。必(bi)(bi)不(bu)可豫,设可垂之(zhi)(zhi)文,示后必(bi)(bi)令迁(qian)(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)。”司(si)空公、长(zhang)乐王穆亮等(deng)奏言:“升平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)会,事(shi)在于今。推功(gong)考(kao)德(de)(de),实(shi)如(ru)明(ming)旨。但七(qi)庙(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)祀,备行日久(jiu),无宜(yi)阙一(yi),虚有(you)(you)所待。臣等(deng)愚谓,依先尊祀,可垂文示后。理衷如(ru)此(ci),不(bu)敢不(bu)言。”诏曰“理或如(ru)此(ci)。比有(you)(you)间隙,当(dang)为(wei)(wei)文相示”。

八月壬辰,诏郡国有时果可(ke)荐(jian)者(zhe),并送京师以(yi)供庙飨。

又诏曰:“《礼(li)》云自外至(zhi)者,无(wu)主(zhu)不(bu)立。先(xian)朝以来,以正(zheng)月(yue)吉日(ri),于朝廷设幕,中置松柏树,设五帝坐。此(ci)既无(wu)可(ke)祖配(pei),揆(kui)之古典,实(shi)无(wu)所取(qu),可(ke)去(qu)此(ci)祀。又探策之祭,既非礼(li)典,可(ke)悉(xi)罢(ba)之。”

戊午诏曰:“国(guo)家自先(xian)朝(chao)以(yi)来,飨祀(si)诸(zhu)神(shen),凡有一千二百余处。今(jin)欲减省群(qun)祀(si),务从简约。昔汉(han)高之(zhi)初,所祀(si)众(zhong)神(shen)及(ji)寝(qin)庙(miao)不少今(jin)日。至于元、成之(zhi)际,匡衡执(zhi)论(lun),乃得减省。后(hou)(hou)至光武(wu)之(zhi)世,礼仪始备(bei),飨祀(si)有序。凡祭(ji)(ji)不欲数,数则黩,黩则不敬。神(shen)聪明正直,不待烦祀(si)也。”又(you)诏曰:“明堂、太庙(miao),并祀(si)祖(zu)宗,配祭(ji)(ji)配享,于斯备(bei)矣。白登、崞山、鸡鸣山庙(miao)唯遣有司行(xing)事。冯宣王诞(dan)生先(xian)后(hou)(hou),复因在官长安,立庙(miao)宜异常等。可(ke)(ke)敕雍州,以(yi)时供祭(ji)(ji)。”又(you)诏曰:“先(xian)恆有水火之(zhi)神(shen)四十余名,及(ji)城北星神(shen)。今(jin)圜丘之(zhi)下(xia),既祭(ji)(ji)风(feng)伯、雨师、司中(zhong)、司命,明堂祭(ji)(ji)门、户、井、灶(zao)、中(zhong)霤(liu),每神(shen)皆有。此四十神(shen)计不须立,悉(xi)可(ke)(ke)罢之(zhi)。”

甲寅(yin),集(ji)群官,诏曰:“近(jin)论朝日(ri)夕(xi)月,皆欲以(yi)二(er)(er)分之(zhi)日(ri),于东西郊行(xing)礼(li)。然月有余闰,行(xing)无常准(zhun)。若一依分日(ri),或值月出于东,而行(xing)礼(li)於西,寻情即理,不可施行(xing)。昔秘书监(jian)薛谓(wei)等尝论此事,以(yi)为朝日(ri)以(yi)朔,夕(xi)月以(yi)朏。卿等意(yi)谓(wei)朔朏二(er)(er)分,何者为是?”尚书游(you)明根对曰“考案旧式,推校众(zhong)议,宜从朏月”。

十一月己未朔,帝(di)释禫祭(ji)(ji)于(yu)(yu)太(tai)和庙(miao)。帝(di)衮(gun)冕(mian),与祭(ji)(ji)者(zhe)朝(chao)服。既(ji)而(er)(er)帝(di)冠黑介帻(ze),素纱(sha)深(shen)衣,拜(bai)山陵而(er)(er)还宫(gong)。庚申(shen),帝(di)亲省(sheng)齐宫(gong)冠服及郊祀(si)俎豆,癸亥冬(dong)至,将(jiang)祭(ji)(ji)圜丘(qiu),帝(di)衮(gun)冕(mian)剑(jian)舄,待臣(chen)朝(chao)服。辞(ci)太(tai)和庙(miao),之(zhi)圜丘(qiu),升(sheng)祭(ji)(ji)柴燎(liao),遂祀(si)明堂,大合。既(ji)而(er)(er)还之(zhi)太(tai)和庙(miao),乃(nai)入。甲子,帝(di)衮(gun)冕(mian)辞(ci)太(tai)和庙(miao),临太(tai)华(hua)殿,朝(chao)群官。既(ji)而(er)(er)帝(di)冠通天,绛纱(sha)袍,临飨礼。帝(di)感慕(mu),乐悬而(er)(er)不作。丁卯,迁庙(miao),陈列冕(mian)服,帝(di)躬省(sheng)之(zhi)。既(ji)而(er)(er)帝(di)兗(yan)冕(mian),辞(ci)太(tai)和庙(miao),之(zhi)太(tai)庙(miao),百(bai)官陪从。奉臣(chen)主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)齐车,至新庙(miao)。有(you)司升(sheng)神主(zhu)于(yu)(yu)太(tai)庙(miao),诸王侯牧守、四海(hai)蕃附,各以其(qi)职来(lai)祭(ji)(ji)。

十六年正(zheng)月戊午,诏曰(yue):“夫四(si)时享祀,人子常(chang)道。然祭荐之(zhi)礼,贵贱不(bu)同。故有(you)邑之(zhi)君,祭以(yi)(yi)首时,无田之(zhi)士,荐以(yi)(yi)仲月。况七庙之(zhi)重,而用(yong)中节者哉!自顷蒸尝之(zhi)礼,颇违(wei)旧义。今将仰遵远式,以(yi)(yi)此孟月,犆罐于太庙。但(dan)朝典初(chu)改,众务殷凑,无遑齐洁,遂及于今。又接神飨祖,必须(xu)择日(ri)。今礼律未宣(xuan),有(you)司或不(bu)知此。可敕太常(chang)令(ling)克日(ri)以(yi)(yi)闻。”

二月(yue)丁酉,诏曰:“夫崇(chong)圣(sheng)祀(si)德,远代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)通黄;秩阙三字(zi)  ,中古之(zhi)(zhi)近(jin)规。故三五至仁,唯德配享;夏殷私(si)己,稍用(yong)其姓。且法(fa)施(shi)于(yu)(yu)民(min),祀(si)有明典,立功(gong)垂惠(hui),祭(ji)有恆式。斯乃(nai)异代(dai)同途,奕世共轨。今远遵明令(ling),宪(xian)章旧则,比于(yu)(yu)祀(si)令(ling),已为(wei)决之(zhi)(zhi)。其孟春应(ying)祀(si)者,顷以(yi)事(shi)殷,遂及今日。可令(ling)仍以(yi)仲月(yue)而飨(xiang)祀(si)焉。凡在(zai)祀(si)令(ling),其数有五。帝尧树则天之(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),兴巍巍之(zhi)(zhi)治,可祀(si)于(yu)(yu)平阳。虞舜播太平之(zhi)(zhi)风(feng),致无为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)化,可祀(si)于(yu)(yu)广宁。夏禹御洪水之(zhi)(zhi)灾,建天下之(zhi)(zhi)利,可祀(si)于(yu)(yu)安邑(yi)。周(zhou)文公(gong)制礼作乐,垂范万叶,可祀(si)于(yu)(yu)洛(luo)阳。其宣尼之(zhi)(zhi)庙,已于(yu)(yu)中省,当别敕(chi)有司(si)。飨(xiang)荐之(zhi)(zhi)礼,自(zi)文公(gong)已上,可令(ling)当界(jie)牧(mu)守,各随(sui)所近(jin),摄行祀(si)事(shi),皆(jie)用(yong)清酌尹祭(ji)也(ye)。”

丙午,诏有司(si)克吉亥,备(bei)小驾,躬临千亩,官别有敕。

癸丑(chou),帝(di)临(lin)宣文堂,引仪(yi)曹(cao)尚书刘昶、鸿胪卿游明根(gen)、行仪(yi)曹(cao)事李韶,授(shou)策孔子,崇文圣(sheng)之谥。于是(shi)昶等就庙行事。既(ji)而(er),帝(di)齐中书省,亲拜(bai)祭(ji)于庙。

九月甲(jia)寅朔(shuo),大(da)享于明(ming)堂,祀文明(ming)太后于玄(xuan)室,帝亲(qin)为之词。

十月已亥,诏曰:“夫先(xian)王制(zhi)礼,所以经纶(lun)万代,贻法后昆。至乃郊(jiao)天享(xiang)祖(zu),莫不配(pei)祭(ji),然(ran)而有(you)(you)节。白(bai)登庙(miao)者,有(you)(you)为而兴,昭(zhao)穆不次。故太(tai)祖(zu)有(you)(you)三(san)层(ceng)之(zhi)宇(yu),巴陵无方丈(zhang)之(zhi)室(shi)(shi)。又(you)常用季秋,躬驾(jia)展虔,祀(si)礼或(huo)有(you)(you)亵慢之(zhi)失,嘉乐颇涉野合之(zhi)讥。今(jin)授衣之(zhi)旦(dan),享(xiang)祭(ji)明堂;玄冬之(zhi)始,奉烝太(tai)庙(miao)。若(ruo)复(fu)致齐白(bai)登,便为一月再驾(jia),事成亵渎。回详二理,谓宜(yi)省一。白(bai)登之(zhi)高(gao),未(wei)若(ruo)九室(shi)(shi)之(zhi)美;帏次之(zhi)华,未(wei)如清庙(miao)之(zhi)盛。将欲(yu)废彼东山之(zhi)祀(si),成此(ci)二享(xiang)之(zhi)敬。可具敕有(you)(you)司,但令内典神者,摄行祭(ji)事。献(xian)明、道武各有(you)(you)庙(miao)称,可具依旧式。”自太(tai)宗诸帝(di),昔(xi)无殿宇(yu),因(yin)停之(zhi)。

十八年,南(nan)巡。正(zheng)月,次殷比(bi)干墓,祭(ji)以(yi)太(tai)牢。

三月,诏罢西郊(jiao)祭天(tian)。

十九年,帝南(nan)征。正月,车驾济淮,命太常致祭。又诏祀岱岳。

三(san)月癸亥,诏曰(yue):“知太和(he)庙(miao)(miao)已(yi)就,神仪灵主,宜(yi)(yi)时(shi)奉(feng)宁(ning)。可(ke)克三(san)月三(san)日己已(yi),内奉(feng)迁于正(zheng)庙(miao)(miao)。其出金墉之仪,一准出代都太和(he)之式。入新庙(miao)(miao)之典(dian),可(ke)依近至(zhi)金墉之轨(gui)。共(gong)威(wei)仪卤簿,如出代庙(miao)(miao)。百官(guan)(guan)奉(feng)迁,宜(yi)(yi)可(ke)省之。但令朝官(guan)(guan)四品已(yi)上,侍(shi)官(guan)(guan)五品已(yi)上及宗室(shi)奉(feng)迎。”

六月(yue),相州刺史高(gao)闾表言:“伏惟太武皇帝发孝思之深(shen)诚,同(tong)渭阳之远(yuan)感,以鄴土(tu)舅氏(shi)之故乡(xiang),有(you)(you)归魂(hun)之旧宅,故为密皇后立庙(miao)于城内,岁时祭(ji)(ji)祀,置(zhi)庙(miao)户(hu)十家,齐宫三十人(ren)。春秋烝(zheng)尝(chang),冠服从事,刺史具威(wei)仪(yi),亲(qin)行荐(jian)酌,升降揖让,与七庙(miao)同(tong)仪(yi),礼(li)毕,撤(che)会(hui)而罢(ba)。今庙(miao)殿亏漏,门墙倾毁,簠簋故败,行礼(li)有(you)(you)阙。臣备(bei)职(zhi)司,目所(suo)亲(qin)睹。若以七庙(miao)惟新,明堂初制(zhi),配飨之仪(yi),备(bei)于京邑(yi)者(zhe),便应(ying)罢(ba)坏,辍其常(chang)祭(ji)(ji)。如以功高(gao)特立,宜应(ying)新其灵(ling)宇。敢(gan)陈所(suo)见,伏请恩裁(cai)。”诏罢(ba)之。

十一(yi)月庚午,帝(di)幸委(wei)粟(su)山,议(yi)定圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。己卯,帝(di)在合温(wen)室,引(yin)咸阳王(wang)禧,司空公穆亮,吏(li)部(bu)尚书、任城王(wang)澄(cheng)及议(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)官(guan)。诏(zhao)曰(yue):“朝集公卿(qing),欲(yu)论圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)。今短晷斯极,长日(ri)方至(zhi)。案《周(zhou)官(guan)》祀昊天上帝(di)于(yu)圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)大者。两汉(han)礼(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)参差,魏(wei)晋犹亦未(wei)(wei)一(yi)。我魏(wei)氏虽(sui)上参三皇,下考叔世近(jin)代都祭(ji)圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),复未(wei)(wei)考《周(zhou)官(guan)》,为(wei)不(bu)刊之(zhi)法令(ling)。以(yi)(yi)此祭(ji)圜(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)丘(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li)示卿(qing)等,欲(yu)与诸贤考之(zhi)厥衷。”帝(di)曰(yue):“夕(xi)牲之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),无可(ke)依准,近(jin)在代都,已立其(qi)议(yi)。杀牲祼神(shen),诚(cheng)是一(yi)日(ri)之(zhi)事(shi),终无夕(xi)而(er)杀牲,待(dai)明而(er)祭(ji)。”员外散骑常(chang)侍刘(liu)芳对曰(yue):“臣(chen)谨(jin)案《周(zhou)官(guan)牧人(ren)职》,正(zheng)有(you)(you)夕(xi)展牲之(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),实无杀牲之(zhi)事(shi)。”秘书令(ling)李彪曰(yue):“夕(xi)不(bu)杀牲,诚(cheng)如圣旨。未(wei)(wei)审(shen)告(gao)(gao)庙以(yi)(yi)不(bu)?臣(chen)闻鲁人(ren)将有(you)(you)事(shi)于(yu)上帝(di),必先(xian)有(you)(you)事(shi)于(yu)泮宫(gong),注曰(yue),‘先(xian)人(ren)’。以(yi)(yi)此推之(zhi),应(ying)有(you)(you)告(gao)(gao)庙。”帝(di)曰(yue):“卿(qing)言有(you)(you)理,但朕先(xian)以(yi)(yi)郊配,意(yi)欲(yu)废告(gao)(gao),而(er)卿(qing)引(yin)证有(you)(you)据,当从卿(qing)议(yi)。”

帝(di)又曰(yue):“圜丘(qiu)之牲(sheng)(sheng),色(se)(se)无常(chang)准(zhun),览推古(gu)事(shi),乖互不一。周(zhou)家用骍(xing),解(jie)言是尚。晋代靡知所据。舜(shun)之命(ming)禹,悉用尧辞,复言玄(xuan)牡告于后帝(di)。今我国家,时(shi)用夏正,至于牲(sheng)(sheng)色(se)(se),未知何准(zhun)?”秘书令李彪曰(yue):“观古(gu)用玄(xuan),似(si)取天玄(xuan)之义(yi),臣谓(wei)宜用玄(xuan)。至于五(wu)帝(di),各象其方(fang)色(se)(se),亦有其义(yi)。”帝(di)曰(yue):“天何时(shi)不玄(xuan),地何时(shi)不黄,意欲(yu)从(cong)玄(xuan)。”

又曰:“我国家常(chang)声鼓以集众。《易(yi)》称(cheng)二至之(zhi)日(ri),商旅不行,后不省方,以助微阳、微阴(yin)。今(jin)若依旧鸣(ming)鼓,得无(wu)阙寝鼓之(zhi)义(yi),无(wu)妨(fang)古义(yi)。”员外郎崔逸(yi)曰:“臣案周(zhou)礼(li),当祭之(zhi)日(ri),雷(lei)(lei)鼓雷(lei)(lei)鼗(tao),八面而作,犹不妨(fang)阳。臣窃(qie)谓以鼓集众无(wu)妨(fang)古义(yi)。

癸未(wei),诏(zhao)三公衮冕(mian)八章(zhang),太(tai)常冕(mian)六(liu)章(zhang),用(yong)以(yi)陪荐。

甲申长至,祀(si)昊天(tian)于委(wei)粟山,大夫祭。疑。

二十年,立方泽于河阴,仍遣使者以太牢祭汉光武及明、章三帝陵。

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