列传第八十四 僭(jian)晋司(si)马叡 賨李雄
僭晋(jin)司(si)(si)马(ma)叡(rui)(rui),字景(jing)文,晋(jin)将牛金子也。初晋(jin)宣(xuan)帝生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)将军(jun)(jun)、琅邪武王伷,伷生(sheng)(sheng)冗从仆(pu)射(she)、琅邪恭王觐。觐妃谯国夏侯氏,字铜环,与金奸通,遂(sui)生(sheng)(sheng)叡(rui)(rui),因冒(mao)姓司(si)(si)马(ma),仍(reng)为觐子。由是自言河内温人。初为王世子,又(you)袭爵(jue),拜(bai)散骑常侍,频迁射(she)声(sheng)、越骑校(xiao)尉,左、右军(jun)(jun)将军(jun)(jun)。从晋(jin)惠帝幸临(lin)漳(zhang),其叔繇为成(cheng)都王颍(ying)所(suo)杀,叡(rui)(rui)惧(ju)祸,遂(sui)走(zou)至洛,迎其母(mu)俱归陈国。
东(dong)(dong)海王越收兵下(xia)邳(pi)(pi),假(jia)叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)辅(fu)国将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。越谋迎惠帝(di)(di)于(yu)长安,复假(jia)叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)平(ping)(ping)东(dong)(dong)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、监徐州诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)事,使镇下(xia)邳(pi)(pi)。寻加安东(dong)(dong)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、都(dou)督(du)(du)扬州诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)事、假(jia)节,当镇寿阳(yang),且留下(xia)邳(pi)(pi)。及越西迎惠帝(di)(di),留叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)镇后,平(ping)(ping)东(dong)(dong)府(fu)(fu)事。当迁镇江(jiang)东(dong)(dong),属陈(chen)敏作乱,叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)以(yi)兵少因留下(xia)邳(pi)(pi)。永嘉元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)春,敏死(si),秋,叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)始到建业。五(wu)年(nian)(nian),进镇东(dong)(dong)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、开府(fu)(fu)仪同三司(si),又以(yi)会稽户二万增封,加督(du)(du)扬、江(jiang)、湘、交、广五(wu)州诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)事。六(liu)月,王弥(mi)、刘曜(yao)寇洛阳(yang),怀(huai)帝(di)(di)幸平(ping)(ping)阳(yang),晋司(si)空荀(xun)蕃、司(si)隶校尉(wei)荀(xun)组推叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)为盟主。于(yu)是辄改易郡县,假(jia)置名(ming)号。江(jiang)州刺史华轶、北(bei)中郎(lang)将(jiang)(jiang)裴宪(xian)并不从(cong)之(zhi)。宪(xian)自称镇东(dong)(dong)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、都(dou)督(du)(du)江(jiang)北(bei)五(wu)郡军(jun)(jun)(jun)事,与(yu)轶连(lian)和。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)遣左将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)王敦、将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)甘卓、周(zhou)访等击(ji)轶,斩之(zhi)。宪(xian)奔(ben)于(yu)石勒。六(liu)年(nian)(nian),叡(rui)(rui)(rui)(rui)檄四方,称与(yu)穆(mu)帝(di)(di)俱讨刘渊,大会平(ping)(ping)阳(yang)。
建兴元年,晋(jin)愍帝以(yi)叡(rui)为侍中、左丞相(xiang)、大(da)都督、陕东诸军(jun)事,持节、王如故。叡(rui)改建业(ye)为建康。七月(yue),叡(rui)以(yi)晋(jin)室将灭,潜有他(ta)志,乃自大(da)赦,为大(da)都督、都督中外(wai)诸军(jun)事,又为丞相(xiang)。叡(rui)号令(ling)(ling)不行,政刑淫虐(nve),杀(sha)督运(yun)令(ling)(ling)史淳于伯,行刑者以(yi)刀拭柱,血(xue)流上柱二丈三(san)尺(chi),仅(jin)头流下四尺(chi)五寸,其直如弦。时人怨之(zhi)。
平文帝初(chu),叡(rui)自(zi)称(cheng)晋(jin)王(wang),改(gai)元建武,立宗(zong)庙、社稷,置(zhi)百官,立子(zi)绍为(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)。叡(rui)以(yi)晋(jin)王(wang)而祀(si)南郊。其(qi)(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian),叡(rui)僭(jian)即大位,改(gai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)大兴元年(nian)(nian)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)朝廷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,都(dou)邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi),皆准模王(wang)者,拟议(yi)中国(guo)。遂都(dou)于(yu)(yu)丹阳(yang),因孙权(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧所,即禹(yu)贡(gong)扬(yang)州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),去洛二(er)千七(qi)百里。地(di)(di)多山水,阳(yang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)攸居,厥土惟涂泥(ni),厥田惟下下,所谓“岛(dao)夷卉服(fu)”者也(ye)。《周礼(li)》,职方氏掌天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),辨其(qi)(qi)(qi)邦(bang)国(guo)都(dou)鄙,四夷、八(ba)蛮、七(qi)闽、九貉(he)、五戎、六(liu)狄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人民与其(qi)(qi)(qi)财用、九谷、六(liu)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数要,周知其(qi)(qi)(qi)利害。东南曰扬(yang)州(zhou),其(qi)(qi)(qi)山镇曰会(hui)稽(ji),其(qi)(qi)(qi)薮(sou)泽曰具(ju)区,其(qi)(qi)(qi)川三江(jiang)(jiang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)浸五湖,其(qi)(qi)(qi)利金锡竹(zhu)箭,其(qi)(qi)(qi)民二(er)男五女(nv),其(qi)(qi)(qi)畜宜鸟(niao)兽,其(qi)(qi)(qi)谷宜稻(dao)。春秋时为(wei)(wei)(wei)吴(wu)越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。吴(wu)越僭(jian)号称(cheng)王(wang),僻远(yuan)一(yi)隅,不(bu)闻(wen)华士。楚(chu)申公巫臣窃妻以(yi)奔(ben),教其(qi)(qi)(qi)军阵,然后乃知战(zhan)伐。由是晚与中国(guo)交通。俗气(qi)(qi)轻急,不(bu)识礼(li)教,盛饰子(zi)女(nv)以(yi)招游客,此其(qi)(qi)(qi)土风(feng)也(ye)。战(zhan)国(guo)时则(ze)并于(yu)(yu)楚(chu)。故地(di)(di)远(yuan)恃险,世(shi)乱则(ze)先叛,世(shi)治则(ze)后服(fu)。秦(qin)末,项(xiang)羽起江(jiang)(jiang)南,故衡山王(wang)吴(wu)芮从(cong)百越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵,越王(wang)无(wu)(wu)诸身率闽中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)众以(yi)从(cong),灭(mie)秦(qin)。汉初(chu),封芮为(wei)(wei)(wei)长沙(sha)王(wang),无(wu)(wu)诸为(wei)(wei)(wei)闽越王(wang),又封吴(wu)王(wang)濞于(yu)(yu)朱方。逆乱相寻,亟见夷灭(mie)。汉末大乱,孙权(quan)(quan)遂与刘备分据吴(wu)蜀。权(quan)(quan)阻长江(jiang)(jiang),殆天地(di)(di)所以(yi)限内外(wai)也(ye)。叡(rui)因扰乱,跨而有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中原冠带呼(hu)江(jiang)(jiang)东之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)貉(he)子(zi),若狐(hu)貉(he)类云。巴、蜀、蛮、獠、溪、俚、楚(chu)、越,鸟(niao)声(sheng)禽呼(hu),言(yan)语不(bu)同,猴蛇鱼鳖,嗜欲皆异。江(jiang)(jiang)山辽阔将数千里,叡(rui)羁縻而已,未能制(zhi)服(fu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)民。有水田,少陆(lu)种,以(yi)罟网为(wei)(wei)(wei)业。机巧(qiao)趋利,恩义寡薄(bo)。家无(wu)(wu)藏蓄,常守饥寒,地(di)(di)既暑湿(shi),多有肿(zhong)泄(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病,障气(qi)(qi)毒雾(wu),射(she)工、沙(sha)虱、蛇虺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,无(wu)(wu)所不(bu)有。叡(rui)割有扬(yang)、荆、梁三州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土,因其(qi)(qi)(qi)故地(di)(di),分置(zhi)十数州(zhou)及诸郡县,郡县户口(kou)至有不(bu)满百者。
遣使韩(han)暢浮海来请通和。平文皇(huang)帝以其(qi)僭立江表,拒不纳之。
是(shi)时叡(rui)(rui)(rui)大将(jiang)军(jun)王(wang)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)宗族(zu)擅势,权重于(yu)叡(rui)(rui)(rui),迭为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上下(xia),了(le)无君(jun)臣之分(fen)。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)侍中刘隗(wei)言于(yu)叡(rui)(rui)(rui)曰(yue):“王(wang)氏强大,宜渐抑损。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)闻(wen)而(er)(er)恶之。惠帝时,叡(rui)(rui)(rui)改年曰(yue)永(yong)昌(chang)(chang)。昌(chang)(chang)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)先(xian)镇(zhen)武昌(chang)(chang),乃表于(yu)叡(rui)(rui)(rui)曰(yue):“刘隗(wei)前(qian)在(zai)门下(xia),遂秉权宠(chong)。今辄(zhe)进(jin)军(jun),指(zhi)讨(tao)奸孽,宜速斩隗(wei)首,以(yi)谢(xie)远近。朝(chao)枭隗(wei)首,诸(zhu)军(jun)夕退。昔太(tai)甲(jia)不(bu)能遵(zun)明汤典,颠覆厥度,幸纳伊尹(yin)之训,殷道(dao)复昌(chang)(chang),颇智故有先(xian)失后得(de)者矣(yi)。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)又移告(gao)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)郡,以(yi)沈(shen)充为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大都督,护(hu)东吴诸(zhu)军(jun)。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)乃下(xia)书(shu)曰(yue):“王(wang)孰(shu)恃宠(chong),敢肆狂(kuang)逆,方朕(zhen)于(yu)太(tai)甲(jia),欲见(jian)囚于(yu)桐宫。是(shi)可(ke)忍也(ye),孰(shu)不(bu)可(ke)忍也(ye)!今当亲帅六军(jun),以(yi)诛(zhu)大逆。”叡(rui)(rui)(rui)光(guang)禄(lu)勋王(wang)含率其(qi)(qi)子瑜以(yi)轻(qing)舟弃叡(rui)(rui)(rui),归于(yu)武昌(chang)(chang)。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)以(yi)其(qi)(qi)司空(kong)王(wang)导为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前(qian)锋大都督,尚书(shu)陆晔为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)军(jun)司;以(yi)广(guang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史陶侃为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)江州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),梁州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺史甘卓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荆州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),使其(qi)(qi)率众(zhong)掎蹑敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)后;以(yi)太(tai)子右率周莚率中军(jun)三千人讨(tao)沈(shen)充。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)至洌州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou),表尚书(shu)令(ling)刁协党附(fu),宜加诛(zhu)戮。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)遣右将(jiang)军(jun)周札(zha)戍于(yu)石头,札(zha)潜与敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)书(shu),许军(jun)至为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)应(ying)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)使司马杨朗等入于(yu)石头,札(zha)见(jian)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)。朗等既据(ju)石头,叡(rui)(rui)(rui)征西将(jiang)军(jun)戴渊(yuan)、镇(zhen)北将(jiang)军(jun)刘隗(wei)率众(zhong)攻之,戴渊(yuan)亲率士,鼓众(zhong)陵城。俄而(er)(er)鼓止息,朗等乘(cheng)之,叡(rui)(rui)(rui)军(jun)败(bai)绩。隗(wei)、协入见(jian)叡(rui)(rui)(rui),叡(rui)(rui)(rui)遣其(qi)(qi)避祸,二人泣(qi)而(er)(er)出。隗(wei)还淮阴,后奔石勒(le)。协奔江乘(cheng),为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)追兵(bing)所害。叡(rui)(rui)(rui)师败(bai)。
敦(dun)(dun)(dun)自为(wei)丞相,武(wu)昌(chang)郡公(gong),邑万户,朝事大小皆(jie)关谘之(zhi)(zhi)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)收(shou)戴渊及(ji)叡尚书左仆射周顗,并斩于(yu)(yu)石(shi)头,皆(jie)叡朝之(zhi)(zhi)望也。于(yu)(yu)是改(gai)易百(bai)官(guan)及(ji)诸州(zhou)镇,其余转徙黜免者(zhe)过百(bai)数,或(huo)朝行(xing)暮(mu)改(gai),或(huo)百(bai)日半(ban)年。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)所(suo)宠沈充、钱凤等所(suo)言(yan)(yan)必(bi)用,所(suo)谮必(bi)死。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)将还武(wu)昌(chang),其长史谢鲲曰(yue):“公(gong)不朝,惧天下私议。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“君能保无变乎?”对曰(yue):“鲲近(jin)入觐(jin),主上侧(ce)席(xi)待公(gong),迟得相见,宫(gong)省(sheng)穆然(ran),必(bi)然(ran)不虞之(zhi)(zhi)虑(lv)。公(gong)若入朝,鲲请侍(shi)从。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue):“正(zheng)复杀君等数百(bai),何损朝廷(ting)!”遂不朝而去。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)召(zhao)安(an)南将军(jun)甘卓,转谯王(wang)承(cheng)(cheng)为(wei)军(jun)司,并不从。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)遣(qian)从母弟南蛮校尉魏乂(yi)率江夏太(tai)(tai)守李恆攻承(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)临湘,旬(xun)日城陷,执承(cheng)(cheng)送于(yu)(yu)武(wu)昌(chang)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)从弟王(wang)廙使(shi)贼迎之(zhi)(zhi),害于(yu)(yu)车中。先是,王(wang)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)表疏,言(yan)(yan)旨不逊,叡以示承(cheng)(cheng)曰(yue):“敦(dun)(dun)(dun)言(yan)(yan)如此(ci),岂有厌哉?”对曰(yue):“陛(bi)下不早裁(cai)之(zhi)(zhi),难(nan)将作(zuo)矣。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)恶之(zhi)(zhi)。襄(xiang)阳太(tai)(tai)守周虑(lv)袭杀甘卓。
叡畏(wei)迫于敦,居常(chang)忧戚(qi),发病(bing)而死。子绍(shao)僭立,改(gai)年日(ri)太宁。
王敦(dun)(dun)(dun)将纂,讽绍(shao)(shao)征(zheng)己(ji)。乃(nai)为书曰:“孤(gu)子(zi)绍(shao)(shao)顿首。天下事大(da),绍(shao)(shao)以(yi)(yi)眇(miao)身,弗克负荷,哀忧孔疚(jiu),如临于(yu)谷,实赖冢宰,以(yi)(yi)济艰难。公(gong)(gong)迈德树勋,遐迩归怀,任社稷(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)托,居总(zong)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)统,然道(dao)里长远,江川阻深,动有(you)介石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)机,而回(hui)旋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,固以(yi)(yi)有(you)所丧矣。谓公(gong)(gong)宜入辅(fu)朝政,得(de)旦夕詶谘(zi),朝士亦佥以(yi)(yi)为然。以(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)高亮忠肃,至心忧国,苟其(qi)宜然,便当以(yi)(yi)至公(gong)(gong)处之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),期于(yu)静国宁民,要之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)括(kuo)囊(nang)无咎。伏想(xiang)暗同此(ci)志,愿便速克近期,以(yi)(yi)副尧企之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怀。”绍(shao)(shao)恭惮于(yu)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)若此(ci)。复使(shi)兼太常应詹拜敦(dun)(dun)(dun)承(cheng)相、武昌郡公(gong)(gong),奏(zou)事不名,入朝不趋,剑(jian)履上(shang)殿。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)于(yu)是(shi)屯于(yu)芜湖。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)乃(nai)转(zhuan)王导为司徒,自(zi)领扬州(zhou)刺史,以(yi)(yi)兄含子(zi)应为武卫将军,以(yi)(yi)自(zi)副贰。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)无子(zi),养应为后(hou)。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)疾(ji)逾年(nian),故(gu)召(zhao)含还,欲属(shu)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)事。是(shi)时敦(dun)(dun)(dun)令绍(shao)(shao)宿卫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵三番休二(er)。绍(shao)(shao)密(mi)欲袭(xi)敦(dun)(dun)(dun),微行察敦(dun)(dun)(dun)营(ying)垒(lei)。及敦(dun)(dun)(dun)疾(ji),绍(shao)(shao)屡遣大(da)臣讯问起居,迁含骠骑(qi)大(da)将军、仪同三司。
敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)疾甚,绍召其(qi)司徒王导(dao)、中书(shu)(shu)(shu)监庚亮、丹阳尹温峤(jiao)、尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)卞(bian)壶(hu)密谋讨之(zhi)。导(dao)、峤(jiao)及(ji)右将军(jun)(jun)卞(bian)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)共(gong)(gong)据石头,光(guang)禄勋(xun)应詹(zhan)都(dou)督朱雀(que)(que)桁南诸军(jun)(jun)事(shi),尚书(shu)(shu)(shu)令郗(xi)鉴(jian)都(dou)督从驾诸军(jun)(jun)事(shi),绍出次于(yu)(yu)中堂。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)闻(wen)(wen)兵起,怒,欲自将,困不能坐。召其(qi)党钱凤、邓(deng)岳(yue)、周(zhou)抚等率众三万指造建业。含(han)(han)谓敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“北事(shi)吾便(bian)当行(xing)。”于(yu)(yu)是以含(han)(han)为(wei)(wei)元帅(shuai)。凤等问(wen)敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“事(shi)克之(zhi)日(ri)(ri),天子云何(he)?”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“尚未南郊(jiao),何(he)为(wei)(wei)天子!便(bian)尽卿兵势,唯保(bao)护(hu)东(dong)海王及(ji)裴(pei)妃而已。”初,绍谓敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)已死,故敢发兵。及(ji)下诏数日(ri)(ri),敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)犹能与王导(dao)书(shu)(shu)(shu),后(hou)自手笔(bi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“太真别来几(ji)日(ri)(ri),作如此事(shi)!”太真,温峤(jiao)字(zi)也,绍朝见之(zhi),咸共(gong)(gong)骇惧。含(han)(han)等兵至,温峤(jiao)辄烧朱雀(que)(que)桁以挫其(qi)锋。绍使中军(jun)(jun)司马曹浑、左卫参(can)军(jun)(jun)陈嵩、段(duan)匹磾弟秃率壮士(shi)(shi)千人逆(ni)含(han)(han)等,战于(yu)(yu)江宁,斩其(qi)前锋将何(he)康,杀数百人。敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)闻(wen)(wen)康死,军(jun)(jun)不获济,怒曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我兄老婢耳(er)!门户衰微,群(qun)从中才兼文(wen)武(wu)者皆早死,今年事(shi)去矣。”语参(can)军(jun)(jun)吕宝(bao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我当力行(xing)。”因(yin)作势而起,困乏,乃复卧。使术士(shi)(shi)郭璞(pu)筮之(zhi),卦成,对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“不能佳。”敦(dun)(dun)(dun)(dun)既疑(yi)璞(pu)劝(quan)亮、峤(jiao)等举事(shi),又闻(wen)(wen)卦恶,于(yu)(yu)是杀璞(pu)。
敦(dun)(dun)疾转困,语(yu)其(qi)舅羊鉴及(ji)子应(ying)曰(yue):“我(wo)亡后,应(ying)便即位,先立(li)朝廷百官,然后营(ying)葬。”初敦(dun)(dun)败叡之后,梦白犬自天(tian)而下(xia),噬之。及(ji)疾甚,见刁协、甘卓为(wei)崇,遂死。王应(ying)秘不(bu)发丧,裹尸以席,埋于斋中,与其(qi)将诸葛瑶(yao)等纵酒淫(yin)逸(yi)。沈充(chong)(chong)将万余(yu)人(ren)来会含等。充(chong)(chong)临行,顾谓其(qi)妻曰(yue):“男兒不(bu)建豹(bao)尾,不(bu)能(neng)归(gui)也。”绍(shao)平西将军祖约率(lv)众至于淮(huai)南,逐敦(dun)(dun)所置淮(huai)南太守任台。绍(shao)将刘遐、苏峻济(ji)自满洲(zhou),含相率(lv)渡兵,应(ying)詹逆击,大破之。周抚(fu)斩(zhan)钱凤,沈充(chong)(chong)将吴(wu)儒(ru)斩(zhan)充(chong)(chong)。绍(shao)遣御史刘彝发敦(dun)(dun)瘗,斩(zhan)尸,枭首(shou)朱雀桁。
绍死(si),子衍僭(jian)立,号年曰咸和。
衍(yan)(yan)(yan)历阳(yang)(yang)太守(shou)(shou)苏峻(jun)(jun)(jun)不顺于(yu)衍(yan)(yan)(yan),衍(yan)(yan)(yan)护军(jun)(jun)庾亮(liang)曰:“苏峻(jun)(jun)(jun)豺(chai)狼,终为(wei)(wei)(wei)祸乱,晁错所谓削之亦反,不削亦反,削之反速而(er)祸小(xiao),不削反迟(chi)而(er)祸大(da)。”乃以大(da)司(si)农征(zheng)之,令峻(jun)(jun)(jun)弟(di)(di)逸领峻(jun)(jun)(jun)部曲。征(zheng)书(shu)至,峻(jun)(jun)(jun)怒(nu)曰:“庚亮(liang)专擅,欲(yu)诱杀我(wo)也。”阜(fu)陵令匡术、乐安(an)人任让(rang)并为(wei)(wei)(wei)峻(jun)(jun)(jun)谋主,劝峻(jun)(jun)(jun)诛亮(liang)。乃使(shi)使(shi)推(tui)崇祖约(yue)(yue),共讨(tao)亮(liang),约(yue)(yue)大(da)喜。于(yu)是约(yue)(yue)命(ming)兄逖子沛国内(nei)使(shi)涣(huan)、女婿淮南太守(shou)(shou)许柳将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兵(bing)会峻(jun)(jun)(jun)。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)使(shi)其党(dang)韩光,光名犯恭宗庙(miao)讳,入姑熟,杀于(yu)湖(hu)令陶(tao)馥,残掠而(er)还。衍(yan)(yan)(yan)假庾亮(liang)节为(wei)(wei)(wei)征(zheng)讨(tao)都督(du)(du),使(shi)其右(you)卫将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)赵胤、右(you)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)司(si)马流率众次于(yu)慈湖(hu)。韩光晨袭流,杀之。衍(yan)(yan)(yan)以其骁骑将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)钟雅为(wei)(wei)(wei)前锋监军(jun)(jun),假节,率舟(zhou)军(jun)(jun)拒峻(jun)(jun)(jun)。宣城内(nei)史桓彝(yi)统吏(li)士次于(yu)芜湖(hu),韩光败之,大(da)掠宣城诸(zhu)县而(er)还。江州刺史温(wen)峤(jiao)使(shi)督(du)(du)护王愆期(qi)、西(xi)阳(yang)(yang)太守(shou)(shou)邓岱、鄱阳(yang)(yang)太守(shou)(shou)纪(ji)睦等(deng)以舟(zhou)军(jun)(jun)赴(fu)于(yu)建业。衍(yan)(yan)(yan)期(qi),岱次直渎,峻(jun)(jun)(jun)督(du)(du)众二万(wan)济自(zi)横(heng)江,登牛渚山。愆期(qi)等(deng)邀击不制。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)至于(yu)蒋(jiang)山,衍(yan)(yan)(yan)假领军(jun)(jun)卞壶节,率诸(zhu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)陈(chen)兵(bing)。衍(yan)(yan)(yan)之将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)怯兵(bing)弱,为(wei)(wei)(wei)峻(jun)(jun)(jun)所败,卞壶及其二子、丹阳(yang)(yang)尹羊曼(man)、黄门(men)侍郎周导、庐(lu)江太守(shou)(shou)陶(tao)瞻、散(san)骑侍郎任台等(deng)皆(jie)死,死者三(san)千(qian)余(yu)人。庾亮(liang)兵(bing)败,与三(san)弟(di)(di)奔于(yu)柴桑。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)遂焚(fen)衍(yan)(yan)(yan)宫,君贼突掠,百僚奔散(san),唯有米数(shu)石而(er)已(yi),无以自(zi)供(gong)。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)逼衍(yan)(yan)(yan)大(da)赦,庾亮(liang)兄弟(di)(di)不在赦限。峻(jun)(jun)(jun)以祖约(yue)(yue)为(wei)(wei)(wei)太尉(wei)、尚书(shu)令,加侍中,自(zi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)骠骑将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、领军(jun)(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、录尚书(shu)事。于(yu)是建业荒毁,奔投吴会者十八九(jiu)。
温峤(jiao)闻之,移告征镇州郡(jun)。庾亮(liang)至(zhi)盆口,峤(jiao)分兵配给。又(you)招(zhao)衍荆州刺史陶侃欲(yu)共(gong)讨峻。侃不(bu)从,曰:“吾疆场(chang)外将,本非顾(gu)命大臣,今日(ri)之事,所不(bu)敢当。”时(shi)侃子(zi)为峻所害(hai),峻复喻侃曰:“苏峻遂(sui)得志,四海虽(sui)广,公宁(ning)有容足(zu)地(di)乎?贤子(zi)越(yue)骑酷没,天(tian)下为公痛心(xin),况慈父之情哉(zai)!”侃乃许之。
苏峻(jun)屯(tun)于(yu)(yu)于(yu)(yu)湖(hu)。衍母庾(yu)(yu)氏忧怖而死。苏峻(jun)闻兵起(qi),自姑孰还建业(ye),屯(tun)于(yu)(yu)石头。使(shi)(shi)其(qi)党(dang)张瑾(jin)、管商率(lv)(lv)众拒诸军(jun),逼迁衍于(yu)(yu)石头”衍哀泣(qi)升车,宫(gong)人尽(jin)哭(ku),随从衍者,莫不流涕(ti)。峻(jun)以仓屋为(wei)宫(gong),使(shi)(shi)乡(xiang)人许方为(wei)司马(ma),督将兵守卫。陶侃、庚(geng)亮、温(wen)峤率(lv)(lv)舟军(jun)二万至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)石头,俄引还,次(ci)于(yu)(yu)蔡洲沙门(men)浦(pu)。庾(yu)(yu)亮守白(bai)石垒(lei),诘朝(chao),峻(jun)将万余人攻之(zhi)。亮等(deng)逆击,峻(jun)退(tui)。吴国内(nei)史庾(yu)(yu)冰率(lv)(lv)三吴之(zhi)众骤战,不胜。瑾(jin)、商等(deng)破(po)庾(yu)(yu)冰前(qian)军(jun)于(yu)(yu)无(wu)锡,焚掠肆意。韩光(guang)攻宣城内(nei)史桓彝,彝率(lv)(lv)吏民(min)力战不胜,为(wei)光(guang)所(suo)杀。祖约(yue)为(wei)颍(ying)川人陈光(guang)率(lv)(lv)其(qi)属攻之(zhi),约(yue)乃奔于(yu)(yu)历阳。长乐(le)人贾宁劝峻(jun)杀王导,尽(jin)诛(zhu)诸大臣(chen),峻(jun)不从,乃改计(ji)叛峻(jun)。王导使(shi)(shi)袁耽潜诱纳之(zhi),谋奉衍出(chu)奔温(wen)峤。
峤(jiao)食尽(jin),贷于陶侃(kan)。侃(kan)怒曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“使君前(qian)云不忧无士(shi)众及粮食也,唯欲(yu)(yu)得(de)老民(min)为主(zhu)耳。今(jin)比战皆北,良将安(an)在?今(jin)若无食,民(min)便欲(yu)(yu)西归。”先是(shi)峤(jiao)虑(lv)侃(kan)不赴,故以(yi)甘(gan)言招侃(kan)。峤(jiao)乃卑辞谢之,且曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)者,骑虎之势可得(de)下乎?贼(zei)垂灭(mie),愿公(gong)留(liu)思。”侃(kan)怒少止。其将李阳说曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今(jin)事若不捷,虽有粟(su),焉得(de)而食之。公(gong)宜(yi)割见储(chu),以(yi)卒大(da)事。”乃以(yi)米五万石供(gong)军。
祖(zu)涣袭湓口(kou),欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)沮温(wen)峤(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)。涣过皖,攻(gong)谯国内史桓云,不克,乃(nai)还。苏(su)峻(jun)(jun)并兵(bing)攻(gong)大业,大业水竭,皆饮粪汁。诸将(jiang)谋救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi),虑不能当(dang),且(qie)欲(yu)水陆攻(gong)峻(jun)(jun)。陶侃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)舟师攻(gong)石(shi)(shi)头(tou),温(wen)峤(jiao)(jiao)、庾亮陈于(yu)白石(shi)(shi)。峻(jun)(jun)子硕(shuo)(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)数十骑出(chu)战,峻(jun)(jun)见硕(shuo)(shuo)骑,乃(nai)舍其众(zhong),自(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四马(ma)北下(xia)突(tu)陈,陈坚乃(nai)还。军士彭世、李千投之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)矛(mao),峻(jun)(jun)坠(zhui)马(ma),遂枭首,脔割之(zhi)(zhi),焚其骸(hai)骨。任让及诸贼帅(shuai)复(fu)立峻(jun)(jun)弟逸,救(jiu)峻(jun)(jun)尸弗获,乃(nai)发(fa)衍(yan)父母(mu)冢,剖棺焚尸。匡术率(lv)其徒(tu)据(ju)苑(yuan)城以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)降,韩(han)光(guang)、苏(su)硕(shuo)(shuo)等率(lv)众(zhong)攻(gong)苑(yuan),苑(yuan)中饥,谷石(shi)(shi)四万。诸将(jiang)攻(gong)石(shi)(shi)头(tou)。苏(su)硕(shuo)(shuo)及章武王世子休率(lv)劲贼孔卢、张偏等数十人(ren)击李阳于(yu)且(qie)浦,退走,硕(shuo)(shuo)等追之(zhi)(zhi),庾冰(bing)司(si)马(ma)滕含以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)锐卒自(zi)后击之(zhi)(zhi),硕(shuo)(shuo)、逸等震溃,奔(ben)于(yu)曲(qu)阿。含入(ru)抱衍(yan),始得出(chu)奔(ben)温(wen)峤(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)舟。
是时,兵(bing)破(po)之后,宫室灰(hui)烬,议欲迁(qian)移(yi),王导不(bu)从乃止。衍改年(nian)咸康。
建(jian)国中,衍(yan)死。中书监庾冰(bing)废衍(yan)子千龄,立(li)(li)(li)其弟岳,改(gai)年(nian)(nian)曰建(jian)元。初(chu)岳之立(li)(li)(li),当改(gai)元,庾冰(bing)立(li)(li)(li)号,而晋初(chu)已(yi)有,改(gai)作,又如之,乃为建(jian)元。顷之,或告冰(bing)曰:“子作年(nian)(nian)号,乃不视谶(chen)也。谶(chen)云(yun):‘建(jian)元之末丘山(shan)(shan)崩。’丘山(shan)(shan),岳也。”冰(bing)瞿然,久而叹曰:“如有吉凶,岂改(gai)易所能救乎(hu)?”遂不复(fu)改(gai)。
岳死(si),庾冰欲立(li)司马昱。骠骑(qi)将(jiang)军(jun)何充立(li)岳子聃(dan)(dan),号年曰永和。聃(dan)(dan)安西将(jiang)军(jun)桓(huan)温(wen)率所统(tong)七千(qian)余(yu)人伐蜀,拜(bai)表辄行。聃(dan)(dan)威力微弱,不能控制(zhi)也。及石(shi)虎死(si),聃(dan)(dan)征北将(jiang)军(jun)褚裒(pou)以(yi)舟军(jun)至下邳(pi),西中郎将(jiang)陈逵进据淮南。石(shi)遵闻裒(pou)至下邳(pi),使(shi)其司空李(li)农领万余(yu)骑(qi)逆围(wei)督护(hu)王(wang)龛于薛(xue),执龛送(song)于鄴,又杀李(li)迈。龛,裒(pou)之骁将(jiang),三军(jun)丧气,乃引还。陈逵闻之,震惧,焚淮南而走。
桓温(wen)(wen)表废聃(dan)(dan)扬州刺史殷(yin)浩(hao),聃(dan)(dan)惮温(wen)(wen),乃除(chu)其(qi)名。温(wen)(wen)遂率(lv)所(suo)统诸军步骑四万(wan)自郢越(yue)关(guan)中至灞(ba)上(shang)。苻健与五十佘人守长安小城,是岁大俭温(wen)(wen)军。人悬磬(qing),健深(shen)沟(gou),坚壁清(qing)野,待温(wen)(wen)温(wen)(wen)军,食尽乃退(tui)。苻健遣(qian)子苌频击(ji)败之(zhi)(zhi)。初,温(wen)(wen)次灞(ba)上(shang),其(qi)部将振武(wu)将军、顺(shun)阳太守薛(xue)珍劝温(wen)(wen)径进逼城,温(wen)(wen)弗从,珍以偏师独济,颇有所(suo)获。温(wen)(wen)退(tui),珍乃还,放言(yan)于(yu)众,且矜其(qi)锐而咎温(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)持重(zhong)。温(wen)(wen)惭忿,杀之(zhi)(zhi)。聃(dan)(dan)又(you)改(gai)年曰升平(ping)。
聃死,无(wu)子,立衍(yan)子丕,号(hao)年(nian)隆和。时谣(yao)曰(yue):“升平不满斗,隆和那得久。”改为兴宁,又谣(yao)曰(yue):“虽复改兴宁,亦自无(wu)聊生。”丕死,弟弈(yi)立,号(hao)年(nian)曰(yue)太(tai)和。
桓温率众北讨(tao)慕容暐,至金乡,凿钜野三百(bai)余(yu)里以通舟军,自清水(shui)入河(he)。慕容垂(chui)(chui)逆击破之,获其资仗。温之北引也,先命(ming)西中郎将袁(yuan)真(zhen)及(ji)赵悦开石门,而袁(yuan)真(zhen)等停(ting)于梁宋,石门不通,粮竭。温自枋(fang)头回军,垂(chui)(chui)以步骑数万追及(ji)襄邑(yi),大败温军。
温(wen)遂归(gui)罪袁真(zhen)(zhen),除名(ming)削爵,收节(jie)传。真(zhen)(zhen)子(zi)双(shuang)之等(deng)杀(sha)梁(liang)国(guo)内史(shi)朱宪(xian),真(zhen)(zhen)据寿阳(yang)以叛,真(zhen)(zhen)诸子(zi)兄弟阻(zu)兵自守(shou),招诱陆城(cheng)戍将(jiang)陈(chen)郡(jun)(jun)太(tai)守(shou)朱辅数千人。遣参军(jun)(jun)爨(cuan)亮通(tong)慕容暐(wei),又遣使西降苻坚。真(zhen)(zhen)病死,辅立其嫡子(zi)瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)为使持节(jie)、建威将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、豫(yu)州刺史(shi)。瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)弟四五(wu)人皆领兵。暐(wei)令陈(chen)文报爨(cuan)亮,且以观变。桓温(wen)遣督护(hu)竺瑶以军(jun)(jun)沂淮伐瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),瑶次(ci)于(yu)(yu)肥口,屡战(zhan)。慕容暐(wei)假瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)征南将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、扬州刺史(shi)、宣(xuan)城(cheng)公,瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)弟泓等(deng)皆郡(jun)(jun)守(shou)、四品将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),朱辅亦如之。温(wen)乃(nai)伐瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)等(deng)拒战(zhan),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)筑长围守(shou)之,城(cheng)中(zhong)震溃(kui),遂平瑾(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
初温任(ren)兼(jian)将相(xiang),其(qi)不臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),形(xing)于(yu)(yu)音气,曾卧(wo)对亲(qin)僚(liao),抚(fu)枕而(er)起曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“为尔寂寂将为文(wen)、景所笑。”众(zhong)莫敢对。后(hou)悉众(zhong)北讨,冀成(cheng)陵夺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势。及枋头(tou)奔(ben)败,知民望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)去己,既平瑾,问(wen)中(zhong)书郎(lang)郗超(chao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“足以(yi)雪枋头(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耻乎?”超(chao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)未厌有识(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情也。公六十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年,败于(yu)(yu)大(da)举,不建不世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋,不足以(yi)镇惬民望。”因说(shuo)温以(yi)废(fei)(fei)立(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。温既宿有此(ci)谋,深纳超(chao)言(yan)(yan)。温自(zi)广陵将旋(xuan)镇姑(gu)孰。至于(yu)(yu)白(bai)石,乃(nai)言(yan)(yan)其(qi)主弈少同(tong)阉人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾,初在东海、琅邪(xie)国(guo),亲(qin)近嬖人相(xiang)龙、朱灵宝等并(bing)侍卧(wo)内,而(er)美人田(tian)氏、孟氏遂生三男。众(zhong)致疑惑,然莫能审其(qi)虚(xu)实。至是,将建储立(li)(li)王,温因之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)定废(fei)(fei)立(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计(ji)。遂率(lv)(lv)百僚(liao)并(bing)还朝堂。温率(lv)(lv)众(zhong)入,屯兵宫(gong)门,进坐(zuo)殿(dian)庭,使督(du)护(hu)竺瑶、散骑侍郎(lang)刘亨取奕玺绶。奕著白(bai)袷单衣,步下西堂,登犊车。君臣拜辞,皆殒涕。侍御史将百余(yu)人,送出(chu)神(shen)虎门,入东海第。于(yu)(yu)是迎(ying)司马(ma)昱(yu)而(er)立(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
昱,叡(rui)子也。昱东(dong)向流涕(ti),拜受玺绶。昱既僭立,改年曰咸安,以温依(yi)诸葛亮故事,甲仗入殿,进丞(cheng)相,其大司马等皆如故,留镇建业。以奕为(wei)海西县公。
温常(chang)有大(da)志,昱(yu)心(xin)不(bu)自安,谓(wei)中书郎郗超曰(yue):“命之(zhi)修短,本(ben)所不(bu)计(ji),故当(dang)无复(fu)近日事邪?”超父愔为会稽(ji)太守,超假还东,昱(yu)谓(wei)之(zhi)曰(yue):“致意尊(zun)公(gong),家国之(zhi)事,遂(sui)至于(yu)(yu)此。由吾不(bu)能(neng)以道匡卫,思患豫防,愧叹之(zhi)深(shen),言何能(neng)喻(yu)!”又诵庾阐诗云:“志士痛朝(chao)危,忠(zhong)臣哀主辱。”因泣(qi)下(xia)。昱(yu)疾(ji)(ji),与温书曰(yue):“吾遂(sui)委笃,足下(xia)便入,冀得(de)相见(jian),不(bu)谓(wei)疾(ji)(ji)患,遂(sui)至于(yu)(yu)此。今者(zhe)惙然(ran),势不(bu)复(fu)久,且虽有诏,岂复(fu)相及(ji)。慨恨兼深(shen),如何可言!天下(xia)艰难,而(er)昌明幼(you)冲眇(miao)然(ran),非(fei)阿衡辅导之(zhi)训,当(dang)何以宁济也?国事家计(ji),一托于(yu)(yu)公(gong)。”
昱死(si),子昌明僭立(li)。徐州小吏卢悚与(yu)其妖众男女二百(bai),向晨攻广莫门,诈言海西公还,由(you)万(wan)春、云龙门入殿,略取三(san)厢及武库(ku)甲仗。时(shi)门下军校并假兼,在直(zhi)吏士骇愕不知所为(wei)。游击将军毛安之(zhi)(zhi)先入云龙门讨悚,中(zhong)领军桓秘、将军殷康止车(che)门入,会兵(bing)攻之(zhi)(zhi),斩五十(shi)六级,捕获余党,死(si)者数百(bai)人。前殿中(zhong)监(jian)许龙与(yu)悚皆遣人至吴,诈迎奕,奕不从。
昌明改年曰(yue)宁康,征温(wen)(wen)入朝(chao),又诏温(wen)(wen)无拜(bai)。尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)谢安等于新亭见温(wen)(wen),皆敬。温(wen)(wen)拜(bai)昱墓,得病还姑孰。温(wen)(wen)自归(gui)寝(qin)疾,讽求备物九锡。谢安已(yi)令吏部郎袁彦伯撰策文,文成(cheng),字辄勾(gou)点,令更(geng)治改。既屡引日(ri),乃谋于尚(shang)书(shu)(shu)仆射王彪之(zhi)(zhi),彪之(zhi)(zhi)云:“闻彼病日(ri)增,亦当不复支(zhi)久,自可小迟回其事(shi)。”安从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。温(wen)(wen)死。
苻(fu)坚(jian)(jian)遣苻(fu)雅率(lv)将王统、朱彤、杨(yang)安、姚苌(chang)步骑五万向骆谷,伐昌(chang)明秦州刺史杨(yang)纂。纂请(qing)救于(yu)梁(liang)州刺史杨(yang)亮(liang)。亮(liang)遣参军卜靖(jing)赴之(zhi),败走。朱彤至梁(liang)州,亮(liang)望(wang)风奔散(san),于(yu)是坚(jian)(jian)遂有梁(liang)益二州。昌(chang)明上下莫不忧怖。建国三(san)十九年(nian),昌(chang)明改年(nian)曰太元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian)。太祖(zu)七年(nian),苻(fu)坚(jian)(jian)大(da)举(ju)讨昌(chang)明,令(ling)其国曰:“东(dong)南平定(ding)指日,当以司马昌(chang)明为尚书仆射,可(ke)速为起(qi)第(di)。”坚(jian)(jian)前后(hou)擒张(zhang)天锡等皆(jie)豫筑甲宅,至而居之(zhi)。坚(jian)(jian)至淮南,大(da)败奔退。
是(shi)时,昌明(ming)(ming)年长,嗜酒(jiu)好内,而昌明(ming)(ming)弟会(hui)稽王道子(zi)任居宰相,昏[QBDM]尤甚,狎昵诌(zhou)邪。于时尼娼构扇(shan)内外,风俗(su)颓薄,人无廉耻。左仆射王珣兒婚,门客(ke)车数百乘,会(hui)闻王雅(ya)为太子(zi)少傅,回以诣雅(ya)者(zhe)半焉。雅(ya)素有宠,人情去就若此(ci)。皇始元年,昌明(ming)(ming)死,子(zi)德(de)宗僭立。
初,昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)耽于酒(jiu)色(se),末年(nian)(nian)(nian),殆为(wei)长夜之(zhi)饮(yin)(yin),醒治既少,外(wai)人罕(han)得接见,故多居内(nei)殿(dian),流(liu)连于樽俎之(zhi)间(jian)。以(yi)嬖姬(ji)张(zhang)氏(shi)为(wei)贵(gui)人,宠冠后(hou)宫,威行阃内(nei)。于时(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)几三(san)十(shi),昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)妙列(lie)妓乐,陪(pei)侍嫔(pin)少,乃笑而(er)戏(xi)之(zhi)云:“汝以(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)当废,吾已属(shu)诸姝少矣。”张(zhang)氏(shi)潜怒,昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)不(bu)觉而(er)戏(xi)逾甚(shen)。向夕,昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)稍(shao)醉,张(zhang)氏(shi)乃多潜饮(yin)(yin)宦者内(nei)侍而(er)分遣焉。至暮(mu),昌(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)明(ming)沉(chen)醉卧,张(zhang)氏(shi)遂令其婢(bi)蒙之(zhi)以(yi)被(bei),既绝(jue)而(er)惧,货左(zuo)右云以(yi)魇死。时(shi)道子(zi)昏废,子(zi)元显专(zhuan)政,遂不(bu)穷张(zhang)氏(shi)之(zhi)罪。
德宗既立,改(gai)年为(wei)隆安。以道(dao)子为(wei)太傅、扬州(zhou)牧(mu)、中书(shu)(shu)监(jian),加殊礼(li),黄钺、羽葆、鼓(gu)吹(chui),又增(zeng)甲仗(zhang)百人入殿。既而内外众事(shi)必(bi)先关于道(dao)子。尚书(shu)(shu)仆射王国(guo)宝(bao)轻薄(bo)无(wu)行,为(wei)道(dao)子所亲,权震(zhen)建业,擅取东宫(gong)兵(bing)以配己府。道(dao)子以王绪(xu)为(wei)辅(fu)国(guo)将(jiang)军、琅邪(xie)内史,又辄(zhe)并石头之兵(bing),屯于建业。绪(xu)犹(you)领其从事(shi)中郎,居中用事(shi),宠幸(xing)当政。
德(de)宗兗州刺史(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)恭(gong)恶(e)(e)国宝(bao)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)绪之(zhi)(zhi)乱政也(ye),乃(nai)(nai)要荆(jing)州刺史(shi)殷仲堪克期(qi)同举。王(wang)(wang)(wang)恭(gong)表(biao)德(de)宗曰:“国宝(bao)身(shen)负莫(mo)大(da)(da)之(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui),谨陈(chen)其(qi)状。前荆(jing)州刺史(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)悦(yue),国宝(bao)同产(chan)弟也(ye)。受任(ren)西籓,不(bu)(bu)幸致丧(sang)。国宝(bao)求假奔彼(bi),遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)即(ji)路,虑台纠察,惧(ju)于(yu)黜免,乃(nai)(nai)毁冠改服,变(bian)为(wei)(wei)妇人(ren),与(yu)婢同载,入请相(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)。又(you)先(xian)帝暴崩,莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)惊号,而(er)(er)(er)国宝(bao)靦然,了无哀容,方犯阖叩扉,求行(xing)奸计,欲诈(zha)为(wei)(wei)遗诏,矫弄(nong)神器。彰暴于(yu)外(wai),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)闻(wen)知。谗疾二昆,过于(yu)仇敌;树立私(si)党(dang),遍于(yu)府朝。兵(bing)(bing)食资储,敛(lian)为(wei)(wei)私(si)积;贩(fan)官(guan)(guan)鬻爵(jue),威恣百(bai)城。收(shou)聚不(bu)(bu)逞,招(zhao)集亡命(ming)。补国将军(jun)王(wang)(wang)(wang)绪,顽凶(xiong)狂狡,人(ren)理(li)不(bu)(bu)齿,同恶(e)(e)相(xiang)成,共窃名器。自知祸恶(e)(e)已盈,怨集人(ren)鬼,规为(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)逆,荡(dang)复天下。昔赵鞅兴晋(jin)阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)甲,夷君(jun)侧之(zhi)(zhi)恶(e)(e),臣(chen)虽驽劣,敢(gan)忘斯(si)义。”恭(gong)表(biao)至,道(dao)子密欲讨恭(gong),以(yi)元显(xian)为(wei)(wei)征虏将军(jun),内外(wai)诸(zhu)军(jun)潜加严备(bei)。而(er)(er)(er)国宝(bao)惶(huang)惧(ju),不(bu)(bu)知所为(wei)(wei),乃(nai)(nai)遣(qian)数百(bai)人(ren)戍竹里,夜(ye)遇风雨,各散而(er)(er)(er)归。绪劝国宝(bao)杀王(wang)(wang)(wang)珣,然后(hou)南征北伐,弗听,反(fan)问计于(yu)珣。”既(ji)而(er)(er)(er)惧(ju)慑(she),遂(sui)上表(biao)解职。寻复悔惧(ju),诈(zha)称德(de)宗复其(qi)本官(guan)(guan)。道(dao)子既(ji)不(bu)(bu)能拒恭(gong)等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing),亦(yi)欲因以(yi)委(wei)罪(zui),乃(nai)(nai)收(shou)国宝(bao)付廷尉杀之(zhi)(zhi),斩王(wang)(wang)(wang)绪于(yu)市,以(yi)悦(yue)恭(gong)等(deng)。司(si)(si)徒(tu)左长史(shi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)廞(xin)(xin)遭母丧(sang)居吴(wu),恭(gong)板行(xing)吴(wu)国内史(shi)。廞(xin)(xin)乃(nai)(nai)征发(fa)吴(wu)兴诸(zhu)郡兵(bing)(bing)。国宝(bao)既(ji)死(si),王(wang)(wang)(wang)恭(gong)使廞(xin)(xin)反(fan)于(yu)丧(sang)。廞(xin)(xin)谓因缘事际,可(ke)大(da)(da)得志(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)据吴(wu)郡,遣(qian)子弟率众(zhong)击(ji)恭(gong)。以(yi)女(nv)为(wei)(wei)真(zhen)烈将军(jun),京(jing)置(zhi)官(guan)(guan)属,领(ling)兵(bing)(bing)自卫。恭(gong)遣(qian)司(si)(si)马刘牢之(zhi)(zhi)讨平之(zhi)(zhi)。
德宗(zong)谯王(wang)尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)兄弟(di)复(fu)说道(dao)子(zi)(zi),以为(wei)(wei)籓伯强盛,宰(zai)相权(quan)弱,宜(yi)密树置(zhi),以自籓卫。道(dao)子(zi)(zi)然之(zhi)(zhi),分(fen)遣(qian)腹心,跨据形要(yao),由是(shi)内外骚动(dong)。王(wang)恭(gong)深虑祸难,复(fu)密要(yao)殷仲堪、西中郎将(jiang)庾楷、广州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)桓(huan)玄(xuan)同会建(jian)业。玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)响(xiang)应。恭(gong)抗表传檄,以江州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi)王(wang)愉、司马(ma)尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)事端。仲堪遣(qian)龙骧将(jiang)军、南郡(jun)相杨佺期(qi)舟师五千发(fa)江陵,桓(huan)玄(xuan)借兵于仲堪,亦(yi)给五千人。于是(shi)德宗(zong)戒(jie)严,加道(dao)子(zi)(zi)黄钺遣(qian)右将(jiang)军谢(xie)琰(yan)拒恭(gong)等(deng)(deng)元(yuan)显为(wei)(wei)征讨都督,众军继(ji)进,前军王(wang)珣领(ling)中军府众次于北(bei)郊;以尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)豫(yu)州(zhou)刺(ci)(ci)史(shi)(shi)(shi),率弟(di)恢之(zhi)(zhi)、允之(zhi)(zhi)西讨楷等(deng)(deng)。皆执白虎幡居前。王(wang)恭(gong)遣(qian)刘牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)前锋,次于竹里。初,道(dao)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)谋(mou)恭(gong)也,啖牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)以重(zhong)赏,牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)斩(zhan)恭(gong)别帅颜(yan)延(yan)、延(yan)弟(di)强,送二级(ji)于谢(xie)琰(yan)。琰(yan)与牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)俱(ju)进袭恭(gong),恭(gong)奔于曲阿(a),为(wei)(wei)湖(hu)浦(pu)尉所执,送建(jian)业。尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)与庾楷子(zi)(zi)鸿(hong)(hong)战于牛渚,斩(zhan)鸿(hong)(hong)前锋将(jiang)殷万,鸿(hong)(hong)遁(dun)还(hai)历阳(yang)。尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)犹不敢(gan)济。桓(huan)玄(xuan)、佺期(qi)奄至横江,尚(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)退(tui),恢之(zhi)(zhi)所领(ling)外军皆没。玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)径造石头,仲堪继(ji)在芜湖(hu),建(jian)业震骇。道(dao)子(zi)(zi)杀(sha)恭(gong)于倪塘。桓(huan)玄(xuan)等(deng)(deng)于是(shi)走(zou)还(hai)寻阳(yang)。
是年冬,德宗遣使朝贡,并乞师请讨姚兴(xing)。二年夏(xia),德宗又遣使朝贡。
以(yi)元(yuan)显(xian)为扬(yang)州刺史,道子(zi)有(you)疾,元(yuan)显(xian)惧已弗(fu)得袭位(wei),故矫(jiao)以(yi)自授,而(er)道子(zi)弗(fu)知。既瘳(chou),乃大怒,以(yi)元(yuan)显(xian)已拜,故弗(fu)复改,于是(shi)内(nei)外政事一(yi)决元(yuan)显(xian)。道子(zi)少而(er)耽酒,治日甚希,至(zhi)是(shi)无是(shi),俾昼(zhou)作夜,时(shi)谓道子(zi)为东录,元(yuan)显(xian)为西录,西府(fu)千(qian)两辐凑,东第门设雀罗(luo)矣。元(yuan)显(xian)年少,顿居(ju)权重(zhong),骄奢(she)淫暴,于是(shi)远近讥之。
初(chu),德(de)宗(zong)新安太(tai)守(shou)孙泰(tai)以左道(dao)(dao)惑(huo)众(zhong)被戮,其(qi)兄子恩(en)(en)窜于(yu)(yu)海屿(yu),妖(yao)党从(cong)之(zhi),至是转众(zhong),攻上虞,希县令(ling),众(zhong)百(bai)许人径向山(shan)阴(yin)。会稽内(nei)史王凝(ning)之(zhi)事五(wu)斗米道(dao)(dao),恩(en)(en)之(zhi)来也,弗先遣军(jun),乃稽颡于(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)室,跪而(er)咒说,指麾空(kong)中,若有处分者。官(guan)属劝其(qi)讨恩(en)(en),凝(ning)之(zhi)曰:“我已请大道(dao)(dao)出兵,凡(fan)诸(zhu)(zhu)津要各有数(shu)万(wan)人矣(yi)。”恩(en)(en)渐近,乃听遣军(jun)。比兵出,恩(en)(en)已至矣(yi)。战败,凝(ning)之(zhi)奔走,再宿执之(zhi)。旬日,恩(en)(en)众(zhong)数(shu)万(wan),自号平东将军(jun),逼(bi)人士为官(guan)属。于(yu)(yu)是诸(zhu)(zhu)郡妖(yao)惑(huo),并杀守(shou)令(ling)而(er)应(ying)之(zhi),众(zhong)皆云集。吴(wu)国内(nei)史桓谦出奔,吴(wu)兴太(tai)守(shou)谢(xie)邈被害(hai)。
自德宗以来,内外乖贰(er),石头(tou)以外,皆(jie)专之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)荆、江,自江以西则受命于(yu)豫州(zhou)(zhou),京口暨(ji)于(yu)江北皆(jie)兗州(zhou)(zhou)刺史刘牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)所制,德宗政令所行,唯三吴而(er)(er)已(yi)。恩(en)(en)(en)既(ji)作乱(luan),八郡尽为(wei)贼场,及丹(dan)阳(yang)诸(zhu)县处处蜂(feng)起(qi),建(jian)业(ye)转成蹙弱。且妖惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,多潜都邑,人情危惧,恆虑大兵窃发。于(yu)是众(zhong)军戒严,刘牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共卫将(jiang)军谢琰(yan)讨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。贼等(deng)禁令不(bu)行,肆意(yi)杀戮,士(shi)(shi)庶死者不(bu)可(ke)胜(sheng)计,或(huo)醢诸(zhu)县令以食其(qi)妻子,不(bu)肯者辄支解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)虐(nve)如此。骠骑长史王平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死未葬(zang),恩(en)(en)(en)剖棺焚尸,以其(qi)头(tou)为(wei)秽(hui)器。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)军讨破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。琰(yan)将(jiang)至吴兴,贼徒遁走(zou)(zou)(zou),驱(qu)逼士(shi)(shi)庶,奔于(yu)山阴(yin)。诸(zhu)妖乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家,妇女尤甚,未得去者,皆(jie)盛饰婴兒(er)投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)水而(er)(er)告之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“贺(he)汝先登仙堂(tang),我(wo)寻复(fu)就汝也(ye)。”贼既(ji)走(zou)(zou)(zou)散(san),邑屋焚毁,郛郭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,时见人迹,经月乃(nai)渐(jian)有归者。谢琰(yan)留屯乌程,遣其(qi)将(jiang)高素助(zhu)牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率(lv)众(zhong)军济(ji)江。初(chu),孙(sun)恩(en)(en)(en)闻八郡响应也(ye),告诸(zhu)官属(shu)曰(yue)(yue):“天下(xia)无复(fu)事矣,当与诸(zhu)君(jun)朝服而(er)(er)至建(jian)业(ye)。”既(ji)闻牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)临江,复(fu)曰(yue)(yue):“我(wo)割据浙江,不(bu)失作勾践也(ye)。”寻知牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)济(ji),乃(nai)曰(yue)(yue):“孤不(bu)耻走(zou)(zou)(zou)。”于(yu)是乃(nai)走(zou)(zou)(zou)。缘道多遗珍宝,牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将(jiang)士(shi)(shi)争取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)得穷(qiong)追。恩(en)(en)(en)复(fu)入(ru)于(yu)海。初(chu),三吴困于(yu)虐(nve)乱(luan),皆(jie)企望牢(lao)(lao)(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、高素等(deng)。既(ji)至,放肆抄暴,百姓(xing)咸怨毒(du)失望焉。
孙(sun)恩在海,妖(yao)众转复从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)破永嘉、临海,复入山(shan)阴。谢琰战殁。于(yu)是(shi)建(jian)业(ye)(ye)大震。遣冠军(jun)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、东(dong)海太守(shou)桓(huan)不(bu)才,辅国(guo)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)孙(sun)无终,广(guang)(guang)陵相高(gao)(gao)雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等东(dong)讨(tao)恩。吴兴太守(shou)庾恆虑妖(yao)党复发,大行诛戮,杀男女(nv)数(shu)千人(ren)。孙(sun)恩复破高(gao)(gao)雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)余(yu)姚(yao),雅(ya)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)走(zou)还山(shan)阴。元(yuan)显(xian)自为后将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、开府仪同(tong)(tong)三司(si)、都督十六(liu)州(zhou),本官悉如故(gu);封(feng)子彦章(zhang)为东(dong)海王,食吴兴四万余(yu)户(hu),清选(xuan)文学臣(chen)僚,吏(li)兵一(yi)同(tong)(tong)宗国(guo)。孙(sun)恩浮海奄至京口(kou),战士十万刘牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔在山(shan)阴,众军(jun)惧不(bu)敢旋,恩遂径向建(jian)业(ye)(ye)。德宗惶骇,遽召豫州(zhou)刺史司(si)马尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。于(yu)时中外惊扰,而(er)元(yuan)显(xian)置酒高(gao)(gao)会,道(dao)子唯日祈于(yu)钟山(shan)。恩来渐近,百姓忷惧。尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率精锐驰至,径屯(tun)积弩堂。恩时沂风,不(bu)得疾行,数(shu)日乃(nai)(nai)至白石。恩本以(yi)诸军(jun)分散,欲掩不(bu)备,知尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚在建(jian)业(ye)(ye),复闻(wen)牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)还,不(bu)敢上(shang),乃(nai)(nai)走(zou)向郁洲。恩别帅卢循攻没(mei)广(guang)(guang)陵,虏掠(lve)而(er)去。
桓玄(xuan)闻孙恩之(zhi)逼也,乃建(jian)牙戒(jie)严,表求征讨。时恩去未还,玄(xuan)表复(fu)至(zhi),元显等大惧,急遣止(zhi)玄(xuan)。庾楷(kai)密使自(zi)结于(yu)元显,说玄(xuan)大失人情,众不为(wei)用(yong),若朝廷遣军。已当(dang)内应。元显得书大喜,遣张法顺谋于(yu)刘牢之(zhi),牢之(zhi)同许焉。于(yu)是征兵装舰,将谋西讨。德(de)宗改年(nian)曰地兴,以元显为(wei)大都督讨玄(xuan)。玄(xuan)军至(zhi),元显不战而败(bai),父子并为(wei)玄(xuan)所杀。后改年(nian)为(wei)大亨。
天兴六年十(shi)月(yue)(yue),德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)遣使朝京师。德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)封桓(huan)玄(xuan)为楚王(wang),玄(xuan)寻逼德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)手诏禅(shan)位。德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)出(chu)居永安宫。既受(shou)禅(shan),封德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)为南(nan)康(kang)平(ping)固县(xian)王(wang),居之寻阳(yang)。天赐元年,德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)在姑熟,二月(yue)(yue),至寻阳(yang)。其彭城(cheng)内史刘裕杀(sha)玄(xuan)除州刺史桓(huan)脩,与刘毅等(deng)举兵讨(tao)玄(xuan)。玄(xuan)败走寻阳(yang),携(xie)德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兄弟(di)至于江(jiang)陵(ling),又走荆(jing)州。荆(jing)州别驾(jia)王(wang)康(kang)产(chan)、南(nan)郡(jun)相王(wang)腾之迎德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)入(ru)南(nan)郡(jun)府。桓(huan)玄(xuan)死。玄(xuan)将(jiang)桓(huan)振复袭江(jiang)陵(ling),斩王(wang)康(kang)产(chan)及腾之。将(jiang)杀(sha)德(de)(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),玄(xuan)扬州刺史、新安王(wang)桓(huan)谦苦禁之,乃止。
时卢循执德宗(zong)(zong)广(guang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史吴隐之,自(zi)号平(ping)南(nan)将军、广(guang)州(zhou)刺(ci)史,令其党徐道覆据始兴(xing),余郡(jun)皆(jie)以亲党居之。德宗(zong)(zong)复僭立于(yu)江陵,改章义熙。尚书(shu)陶夔迎(ying)德宗(zong)(zong)达于(yu)板桥,大风暴起,龙(long)舟沉(chen)浚,死者十余人(ren)。德宗(zong)(zong)发江陵至寻(xun)阳,其益州(zhou)刺(ci)史毛璩、参军谯纵反,攻(gong)涪(fu)城,克之,遂以益州(zhou)叛德宗(zong)(zong)。德宗(zong)(zong)发姑(gu)孰,还建业。六月,太(tai)祖遣(qian)军攻(gong)德宗(zong)(zong)钜(ju)鹿太(tai)守贺(he)申(shen),申(shen)举城降。
永(yong)兴二年,卢循复起(qi)于岭(ling)南,杀(sha)德宗江州刺史(shi)何无(wu)忌于石(shi)城(cheng)。咸欲以德宗北走,知循未(wei)下乃(nai)止。裕(yu)(yu)令抚(fu)军(jun)刘毅讨循,败于桑落洲(zhou),步走而还。裕(yu)(yu)党(dang)孟昶、诸葛长民等劝裕(yu)(yu)拥德宗过江,裕(yu)(yu)不从。
神瑞(rui)二年,德宗遣广(guang)武将(jiang)军(jun)玄文、石(shi)齐朝贡。太宗初,刘裕征(zheng)姚泓(hong)。二年,太宗遣长孙道生、娥清(qing)破其将(jiang)朱超石(shi)于石(shi)河,擒骑将(jiang)杨丰,斩首千(qian)七百余(yu)级。
三年,德(de)宗(zong)死,弟(di)德(de)文(wen)(wen)僭(jian)立。四(si)年,改(gai)年曰(yue)元熙五年,德(de)文(wen)(wen)禅位于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裕(yu)(yu),裕(yu)(yu)封德(de)文(wen)(wen)为(wei)零陵(ling)王。德(de)文(wen)(wen)后河南褚(chu)氏,兄(xiong)季(ji)之、弟(di)淡之虽德(de)文(wen)(wen)姻戚,而(er)尽心于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)裕(yu)(yu)。德(de)文(wen)(wen)每生(sheng)男,辄令方便杀(sha)焉。惑诱(you)内(nei)人(ren),密加毒(du)害,前(qian)(qian)后非一。及德(de)文(wen)(wen)被废,囚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)秣陵(ling)宫,常惧(ju)见祸,与褚(chu)氏共止一室,虑有鸩毒(du),自煮食(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)。六(liu)年,刘裕(yu)(yu)将杀(sha)之,不(bu)欲遣人(ren)入内(nei),令淡之兄(xiong)弟(di)视褚(chu)氏,褚(chu)氏出别宫,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是兵(bing)乃(nai)逾垣而(er)入,进药于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)德(de)文(wen)(wen)。德(de)文(wen)(wen)不(bu)肯饮,曰(yue):“佛(fo)教,自杀(sha)者不(bu)复人(ren)身。”乃(nai)以被掩杀(sha)之。
自叡(rui)之僭江南(nan),至于德文之死,君弱臣强(qiang),不相(xiang)羁制,赏罚号令,皆出权宠,危亡废夺,衅故相(xiang)寻(xun),所谓夷狄之有君,不若诸夏之亡也。
賨李雄(xiong),字仲俊(jun),盖廪君之苗裔(yi)也。其先(xian)居于巴西(xi)宕渠。秦并天下(xia),为(wei)(wei)黔中君,薄(bo)赋(fu)其民,口出钱三十,巴人(ren)谓赋(fu)为(wei)(wei)“賨”,因(yin)为(wei)(wei)名焉。后徙栎阳。祖(zu)慕(mu),魏东(dong)羌猎将。慕(mu)有五(wu)子,辅、特、庠、流(liu)、骧。
晋(jin)(jin)惠时,关西扰乱,频(pin)岁(sui)大(da)(da)饥,特(te)兄弟(di)率流(liu)(liu)民数万家就谷汉中,遂(sui)入巴蜀。时晋(jin)(jin)益州刺史(shi)赵(zhao)廞反(fan)叛(pan),特(te)兄弟(di)起(qi)兵诛之,晋(jin)(jin)拜(bai)特(te)宣威将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、长乐乡侯(hou),流(liu)(liu)奋威将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、武阳侯(hou)。流(liu)(liu)民阎式等推(tui)特(te)行镇北大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun),承制封拜(bai),流(liu)(liu)行镇东将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)。后(hou)与晋(jin)(jin)益州刺史(shi)罗尚(shang)相攻。昭帝七年,特(te)自称大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)、大(da)(da)都督,号(hao)年建(jian)初。战败,为尚(shang)所杀,流(liu)(liu)代统兵事(shi)。流(liu)(liu)字(zi)玄通,自称大(da)(da)都督、大(da)(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)。流(liu)(liu)病将(jiang)(jiang)死,以后(hou)事(shi)属雄,雄,特(te)少子也。
雄(xiong)自称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大都督、大将(jiang)军。十(shi)年(nian),僭称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)成都王,号年(nian)建兴,置百官。时涪(fu)陵(ling)人范长生(sheng)颇有术(shu)数,雄(xiong)笃信之,劝雄(xiong)即(ji)真。十(shi)二年(nian),僭称(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)皇帝,号大成,改年(nian)为晏平,拜长生(sheng)为天地太(tai)(tai)师,领丞相,西山(shan)王。又改年(nian)为玉衡。雄(xiong)以中原丧乱,乃频(pin)遣使朝贡,与(yu)穆请分天下。雄(xiong)舍其(qi)子(zi),而立兄荡第四子(zi)班为太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。
烈帝六年,雄(xiong)死,班(ban)代(dai)统任。雄(xiong)子期,杀(sha)班(ban)而自立。
期(qi),字世运,雄第四(si)子(zi)也。改年为玉恆。骧子(zi)寿(shou)自涪(fu)城袭克成都,废期(qi)为邛都公,期(qi)自杀。
寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),字武考。初为(wei)雄大将军,封(feng)建宁(ning)王,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)南中十二郡为(wei)建宁(ning)国,至期,徙封(feng)汉王。既废期自立,改(gai)年为(wei)汉兴(xing),又(you)改(gai)号曰(yue)汉,时(shi)建国元年也(ye)。寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)广汉太守李(li)乾与大臣(chen)谋欲废寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)惧,令(ling)子广与大臣(chen)盟(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)殿前。寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)闻鄴(ye)中殷实(shi),宫观(guan)美(mei)丽,石虎以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)杀(sha)罚御(yu)下(xia),控(kong)制邦域城(cheng)镇,深用欣(xin)慕(mu)。吏民有小过,辄杀(sha)之以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立威名。又(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)郊(jiao)甸未(wei)实(shi),城(cheng)邑(yi)空虚(xu),工匠(jiang)器械(xie),事(shi)用不足(zu),乃徙民三(san)丁已上(shang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)成都(dou),兴(xing)尚(shang)方、御(yu)府,发州郡工巧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)充之。广修(xiu)宫室,引水入城(cheng),务(wu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)奢侈,百姓疲于(yu)(yu)(yu)使役,民多嗟怨(yuan),思乱者(zhe)(zhe)十室而(er)九。其尚(shang)书左仆射蔡兴(xing)直言(yan)切谏,寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)谤讪,诛之。其臣(chen)龚(gong)壮作(zuo)诗七(qi)首(shou),托言(yan)应璩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)讽寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)。寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)报曰(yue):“省诗知意。若今人所(suo)作(zuo),贤哲之话言(yan);古人所(suo)作(zuo),死鬼之常辞耳。”动慕(mu)汉武、魏明政法(fa),耻闻父兄(xiong)时(shi)事(shi)。上(shang)书者(zhe)(zhe)不得言(yan)先世政化,自以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)胜(sheng)之也(ye)。及寿(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)疾病,见李(li)期、蔡兴(xing)为(wei)崇,遂(sui)死。子势统任。
势(shi)(shi),字子仁(ren)。既立,改年为(wei)太(tai)和。遣使朝贡(gong)。又改为(wei)嘉宁。势(shi)(shi)弟汉(han)王广(guang)(guang)以(yi)势(shi)(shi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)子,请为(wei)太(tai)弟,势(shi)(shi)不许。广(guang)(guang)欲袭势(shi)(shi),势(shi)(shi)使其(qi)(qi)太(tai)保(bao)李(li)弈击广(guang)(guang)于(yu)涪(fu)城,克之(zhi),贬为(wei)临邛侯,广(guang)(guang)寻自(zi)杀。势(shi)(shi)既骄(jiao)吝(lin),荒于(yu)酒色,至杀人(ren)而(er)取其(qi)(qi)妻,又纳李(li)弈女为(wei)后。耽于(yu)淫乐,不恤国(guo)事,夷獠叛乱(luan),境土(tu)减削,累年荒俭。性多忌(ji)害,诛(zhu)残大(da)(da)臣,刑(xing)罚(fa)酷滥(lan)。斥(chi)外父祖旧臣,亲任(ren)近习,左右小人(ren)因行威(wei)福(fu)。修饰室宇,群(qun)臣谏诤(zheng),一无(wu)(wu)(wu)所纳。又常居内,少(shao)见公(gong)卿(qing)。史官屡陈灾谴,乃(nai)加相国(guo)董皎(jiao)大(da)(da)都(dou)督(du),以(yi)名位优之(zhi),实望与分灾眚。建国(guo)十年,司马(ma)(ma)聃将桓(huan)温伐之(zhi),势(shi)(shi)降于(yu)温。先是(shi)频有(you)怪异。成都(dou)北(bei)(bei)乡有(you)人(ren)望见女子避入草中(zhong),往(wang)视,见物如(ru)人(ren),有(you)身(shen)形头(tou)目,无(wu)(wu)(wu)手足,能动摇,不能言。广(guang)(guang)汉(han)马(ma)(ma)生角(jiao)(jiao),各长寸半。有(you)马(ma)(ma)驹,一头(tou)、二(er)身(shen)、六耳、无(wu)(wu)(wu)目、二(er)阴,一牝一牡。又有(you)驴,无(wu)(wu)(wu)皮毛,饮食数(shu)日而(er)死。江南雨血,地(di)生毛。江源又生草,高七八尺,华(hua)叶皆赤,子青如(ru)牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)。涪(fu)陵(ling)民药氏(shi)妇头(tou)上(shang)生角(jiao)(jiao),长三寸,凡(fan)三截之(zhi)。李(li)汉(han)家舂(chong)米,米自(zi)臼中(zhong)跳(tiao)出,敛举箕(ji)中(zhong),又跳(tiao)出,写置簟中(zhong)。童谣曰(yue):“江桥头(tou),阙下市,成都(dou)北(bei)(bei)十八子。”又曰(yue):“有(you)客有(you)客,来(lai)侵门(men)陌(mo),其(qi)(qi)气(qi)欲索(suo)。”谯周云:“我死后三十年,当有(you)异人(ren)入蜀,由之(zhi)而(er)亡。”蜀亡之(zhi)岁,去周亡三十二(er)年。周又著(zhu)谶曰(yue):“广(guang)(guang)汉(han)城北(bei)(bei),有(you)大(da)(da)贼(zei),曰(yue)流特,攻难得,岁在玄宫自(zi)相克。”卒如(ru)其(qi)(qi)言。
史(shi)臣曰:司(si)马叡之(zhi)(zhi)窜江表,窃魁(kui)帅之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),无君(jun)长(zhang)之(zhi)(zhi)实,局天(tian)脊(ji)地,畏(wei)首(shou)畏(wei)尾(wei),对之(zhi)(zhi)李雄,各一方小盗,其孙(sun)皓之(zhi)(zhi)不若矣。
更多有关魏书 二十四史 的资料