列传儒林第七十二
梁越(yue) 卢丑 张伟 梁祚 平(ping)恆(heng) 陈奇 常(chang)爽 刘献之
张吾贵 刘兰(lan)孙(sun)惠蔚 徐遵(zun)明(ming) 董(dong)徵(zhi) 刁冲 卢景裕 李同轨 李业兴(xing)
自晋永(yong)(yong)嘉之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),运钟丧乱,宇(yu)内(nei)分(fen)崩,群凶肆祸,生(sheng)民不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见俎豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)容,黔首(shou)唯睹戎马(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)迹,礼(li)(li)乐文(wen)章(zhang),扫地(di)将(jiang)尽(jin)。而契(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)感,斯道犹存(cun)。高才有德之(zhi)(zhi)流,自强蓬荜(bi);鸿生(sheng)硕儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)辈,抱器晦已(yi),太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)祖(zu)(zu)初定(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)原,虽日不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)暇(xia)给,始(shi)建都(dou)(dou)邑,便以(yi)经(jing)(jing)术为(wei)先,立(li)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),置五(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)(jing)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)生(sheng)员千有余(yu)人(ren)(ren)。天兴(xing)二(er)(er)年(nian)春,增国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)员至三(san)(san)千。岂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)可马(ma)上(shang)取之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以(yi)马(ma)上(shang)治之(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)道,文(wen)武兼用,毓才成(cheng)务,意在兹(zi)乎?圣达经(jing)(jing)猷,盖为(wei)远矣(yi)。四(si)(si)年(nian)春,命乐师(shi)入学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)习舞,释(shi)(shi)菜(cai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)先圣、先师(shi)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)宗世,改(gai)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),立(li)教(jiao)(jiao)授博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)。世祖(zu)(zu)始(shi)光三(san)(san)年(nian)春,别起太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)城东,后(hou)(hou)征卢(lu)玄、高允(yun)等,而令(ling)州郡(jun)各举才学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)多砥尚(shang),儒(ru)林转兴(xing)。显祖(zu)(zu)大(da)(da)安初,诏(zhao)立(li)乡学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),郡(jun)置博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)。后(hou)(hou)诏(zhao):大(da)(da)郡(jun)立(li)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)四(si)(si)人(ren)(ren),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)一(yi)百人(ren)(ren);次(ci)郡(jun)立(li)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)八十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren);中(zhong)(zhong)郡(jun)立(li)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren),助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)六(liu)(liu)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren);下(xia)(xia)(xia)郡(jun)立(li)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)人(ren)(ren),助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)一(yi)人(ren)(ren),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)和中(zhong)(zhong),改(gai)中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)为(wei)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),建明堂辟(pi)雍,尊三(san)(san)老五(wu)(wu)(wu)更,又开皇子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。及(ji)迁(qian)都(dou)(dou)洛邑,诏(zhao)立(li)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、四(si)(si)门小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。高祖(zu)(zu)钦明稽古(gu),笃好坟典,坐(zuo)舆据鞍,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)讲(jiang)道。刘芳(fang)、李(li)彪(biao)诸人(ren)(ren)以(yi)经(jing)(jing)书(shu)进(jin),崔光、邢(xing)峦之(zhi)(zhi)徒以(yi)文(wen)史达,其余(yu)涉猎(lie)典章(zhang),关历词翰,莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)糜以(yi)好爵(jue),动贻赏(shang)眷。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)斯文(wen)郁然(ran),比隆周(zhou)汉。世宗时,复(fu)诏(zhao)营国(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),树小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)四(si)(si)门,大(da)(da)选儒(ru)生(sheng),以(yi)为(wei)小学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)博(bo)(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi),员四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)。虽黉(hong)宇(yu)未(wei)立(li),而经(jing)(jing)术弥显。时天下(xia)(xia)(xia)承平(ping),学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)业(ye)大(da)(da)盛(sheng)。故燕齐赵魏之(zhi)(zhi)间,横经(jing)(jing)著录,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可胜数(shu)。大(da)(da)者(zhe)千余(yu)人(ren)(ren),小者(zhe)犹数(shu)百。州举茂异,郡(jun)贡孝廉,对(dui)扬王庭,每年(nian)逾众。神龟中(zhong)(zhong),将(jiang)立(li)国(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),诏(zhao)以(yi)三(san)(san)品(pin)已(yi)上(shang)及(ji)五(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)清官(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)充生(sheng)选。未(wei)及(ji)简置,仍(reng)复(fu)停寝。正光二(er)(er)年(nian),乃释(shi)(shi)奠于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),命祭酒(jiu)崔光讲(jiang)《孝经(jing)(jing)》,始(shi)置国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)。暨孝昌之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),海内(nei)淆乱,四(si)(si)方校(xiao)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)所(suo)存(cun)无几。永(yong)(yong)熙中(zhong)(zhong),复(fu)释(shi)(shi)奠于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue);又于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)显阳殿诏(zhao)祭酒(jiu)刘钦讲(jiang)《孝经(jing)(jing)》,黄门李(li)郁说《礼(li)(li)记(ji)》,中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)舍(she)人(ren)(ren)卢(lu)景宣讲(jiang)《大(da)(da)戴(dai)礼(li)(li)夏小正篇》;复(fu)置生(sheng)七十(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)。及(ji)迁(qian)都(dou)(dou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鄴,国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)置三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)人(ren)(ren)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兴(xing)和、武定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)世,寇难既平(ping),儒(ru)业(ye)复(fu)光矣(yi)。
汉世(shi)(shi)郑玄(xuan)并(bing)为众(zhong)经(jing)注解(jie),服虔、何(he)休(xiu)各有(you)所说(shuo)。玄(xuan)《易》、《书(shu)》、《诗》、《礼》、《论语》、《孝经(jing)》,虔《左(zuo)氏春秋》,休(xiu)《公羊传(chuan)》,大行(xing)于(yu)河北。王(wang)肃《易》亦间行(xing)焉。晋世(shi)(shi)杜预注《左(zuo)氏》,预玄(xuan)孙坦(tan)、坦(tan)弟骥于(yu)刘义(yi)隆世(shi)(shi)并(bing)为青州(zhou)刺(ci)史,传(chuan)其家业,故齐(qi)地多习(xi)之。自梁(liang)越以下(xia)传(chuan)受讲说(shuo)者甚众(zhong)。今举其知名者附列于(yu)后云。
梁越,字玄览,新兴人(ren)也。少而好学,博综经传,无所不通。性纯和(he)笃信,行无择善。国初为(wei)《礼(li)经》博士。太(tai)祖以(yi)其谨厚(hou),举(ju)动可则,拜(bai)上大(da)夫命(ming)授诸皇子经书。太(tai)宗即祚,以(yi)师傅之恩赐爵祝(zhu)阿侯(hou)后出为(wei)雁门太(tai)守,获白雀以(yi)献,拜(bai)光禄(lu)大(da)夫。卒。子弼,早卒。
弼子恭,袭。降为(wei)云中子。无子,爵除。
卢丑(chou),昌黎徒河人,襄城王鲁元(yuan)之(zhi)族(zu)也(ye)。世祖之(zhi)为监国,丑(chou)以笃学博闻入授世祖经。后以师傅旧恩赐爵济阴公(gong)。除镇(zhen)军(jun)将(jiang)军(jun),拜尚(shang)书,加(jia)散骑常侍,出为河内太守。延(yan)和(he)二(er)年冬卒。阙初,中(zhong)山袭爵,太和(he)中(zhong),以老疾自免。
子升头(tou),袭爵,后例降(jiang)。
张伟,字仲业(ye),小名翠螭,太原中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都人也。高(gao)祖(zu)敏,晋秘(mi)书监。伟学通诸(zhu)经,讲授(shou)乡里,受业(ye)者常数百人。儒谨泛纳,勤(qin)于(yu)教训(xun),虽有顽固不(bu)晓,问至数十,伟告(gao)喻殷勤(qin),曾无(wu)愠色。常依(yi)附经典,教以(yi)孝(xiao)悌,门(men)人感其仁化,事(shi)之(zhi)如(ru)父。性恬平,不(bu)以(yi)夷(yi)嶮易操(cao),清(qing)雅笃慎,非法不(bu)言。世(shi)祖(zu)时,与高(gao)允等俱被辟命,拜(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)书博(bo)士。转(zhuan)侍郎、大将军(jun)乐(le)安王范从事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)郎、冯翊太守。还,仍为(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)书侍郎、本国大中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)正。使酒泉(quan),慰劳沮渠无(wu)讳。还,迁散骑侍郎。聘刘义隆,还,拜(bai)给(ji)事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、建威将军(jun),赐爵(jue)成皋子。出为(wei)平东将军(jun)、营(ying)州(zhou)刺史,进爵(jue)建安公(gong)。卒,赠征南将军(jun)、并州(zhou)刺史,谥(shi)曰康,在州(zhou)郡(jun)以(yi)仁德为(wei)先(xian),不(bu)任刑(xing)罚(fa),清(qing)身(shen)率(lv)下(xia),宰守不(bu)敢为(wei)非。
子(zi)仲(zhong)虑(lv),太和初,假(jia)给(ji)事中、高丽(li)副(fu)使,寻假(jia)散(san)骑常(chang)侍、高丽(li)使。后出(chu)为章(zhang)武(wu)太守,加宁(ning)远将(jiang)军。仲(zhong)虑(lv)弟仲(zhong)继,学(xue)尚有(you)父风,善(shan)《仓》、《雅》、《林说》。太和中,官至侍御长,坐事徒西裔,道死。
梁(liang)祚,北(bei)地泥阳人(ren)。父劭(shao),皇始二(er)年(nian)归国(guo),拜(bai)吏(li)部郎,出为济阳太守(shou)(shou)。至祚,居赵郡。祚笃志好(hao)学,历治(zhi)诸经,尤(you)善《公羊春秋(qiu)》、郑氏(shi)《易》,常(chang)以教(jiao)授。有(you)儒者风,而无当世(shi)之才(cai)。与(yu)幽州别驾平恆有(you)旧,又(you)姊先适范阳李氏(shi),遂携(xie)家人(ren)侨(qiao)居于(yu)蓟。积十(shi)(shi)余年(nian),虽羁(ji)贫窘而著述不倦。恆时(shi)相请屈,与(yu)论经史。辟秘书中散(san)(san),稍迁秘书令。为李䜣所排,摈退为中书博士。后(hou)出为统万(wan)镇司马,征为散(san)(san)令。撰(zhuan)并陈寿《三国(guo)志》,名曰《国(guo)统》。又(you)作《代都赋》,颇行于(yu)世(shi)。清贫守(shou)(shou)素,不交(jiao)势(shi)贵。年(nian)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)七。太和十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)卒(zu)。
子元吉,有父风。少子重,历碎职,后为相(xiang)州(zhou)镇北府(fu)参军事。
平(ping)恆,字继叔(shu),燕国蓟人。祖(zu)视,父儒,并仕暮(mu)容(rong)为(wei)通宦。恆耽勤读诵,研综经籍,钅句深致(zhi)远,多(duo)所(suo)博闻。自周以(yi)降(jiang),暨(ji)于(yu)魏世,帝(di)王传代之(zhi)由,贵(gui)臣升降(jiang)之(zhi)绪,皆撰录品(pin)第,商略(lve)是(shi)非,号曰《略(lve)注》,合(he)百余篇(pian)。好事者览之(zhi),咸(xian)以(yi)为(wei)善(shan)焉。安贫乐(le)道,不(bu)以(yi)屡空(kong)改(gai)操(cao)。征为(wei)中书博士。久之(zhi),出为(wei)幽(you)州别(bie)驾。廉贞(zhen)寡(gua)欲,不(bu)营(ying)资产,衣食至常(chang)不(bu)足,妻子不(bu)免饥寒。后拜著作佐郎,迁秘书丞。
时高允为(wei)监,河间邢祜(hu)、北(bei)平(ping)阳嘏、河东(dong)裴定、广平(ping)程骏、金城赵元顺(shun)等(deng)为(wei)著作佐郎,虽(sui)才学互(hu)有短长(zhang),然俱为(wei)称(cheng)职(zhi),并号长(zhang)者(zhe)。允每称(cheng)博通经(jing)籍无(wu)过恆也。
恆(heng)即刘彧将(jiang)军王玄(xuan)谟舅子。恆(heng)三子,并不率父业,好酒自(zi)弃。恆(heng)常忿其世衰,植杖巡舍侧岗而哭,不为营事婚宦,任(ren)意(yi)官娶(qu),故仕(shi)聘浊碎(sui),不得(de)(de)及(ji)其门(men)流。恆(heng)妇弟(di)邓(deng)宗(zong)庆及(ji)外生孙玄(xuan)明等(deng)每(mei)以为言。恆(heng)曰:“此辈会是衰顿(dun),何烦劳(lao)我。”乃别(bie)构精卢,并置经籍于其中(zhong),一奴自(zi)给(ji),妻子莫(mo)得(de)(de)而往(wang),酒食亦不与(yu)同。时有珍美,呼时老东安公刁(diao)雍等(deng)共饮啖之,家人无得(de)(de)尝(chang)焉。太和十年,以恆(heng)为秘(mi)书令,而恆(heng)固请为郡,未(wei)授而卒,时年七十六。赠平东将(jiang)军、幽州(zhou)刺史、都(dou)昌侯,谥曰康。
子寿昌,太和初,秘书(shu)令史。稍迁荆州征虏府录事(shi)参军。
陈奇,字(zi)脩奇,河北人也,自云晋(jin)凉州(zhou)刺史骧之八世孙。祖刃,仕慕(mu)容垂(chui)。奇少孤(gu),家贫,而奉(feng)母至孝。龆龀(chen)聪识,有夙(su)成之美。性气刚亮,与俗不群(qun)。爱玩经典,博通坟籍,常非马融、郑玄(xuan)解经失旨,志在著述《五经》。始注《孝经》、《论语》,颇传于(yu)世,为搢绅所称。
与河间邢祐(you)同召赴(fu)京(jing)。时秘(mi)书(shu)(shu)监游雅(ya)素闻其(qi)名,始(shi)颇好之(zhi),引(yin)入秘(mi)省,欲授以史职。后(hou)与奇(qi)(qi)(qi)论典诰(gao)及(ji)《诗(shi)书(shu)(shu)》,雅(ya)赞扶马郑。至(zhi)于《易(yi)讼卦》天与水违(wei)行,雅(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“自(zi)葱(cong)岭以西,水皆西流(liu),推此而(er)(er)言(yan),《易(yi)》之(zhi)所及(ji)自(zi)葱(cong)领(ling)(ling)以东耳。”奇(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):《易(yi)》理(li)绵广,包含宇宙。若(ruo)如公言(yan),自(zi)葱(cong)领(ling)(ling)以西,岂东向望天哉?”奇(qi)(qi)(qi)执义非雅(ya),每如此类,终不苟从。雅(ya)性护短,因以为嫌。尝(chang)众辱奇(qi)(qi)(qi),或尔汝之(zhi),或指(zhi)为小人。奇(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“公身(shen)为君(jun)(jun)子,奇(qi)(qi)(qi)身(shen)且(qie)(qie)小人耳。”雅(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君(jun)(jun)言(yan)身(shen)且(qie)(qie)小人,君(jun)(jun)祖父是何(he)人也?”奇(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“祖,燕东部侯(hou)釐,”雅(ya)质奇(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“侯(hou)釐何(he)官也?”奇(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“三皇不传(chuan)礼,官名岂同哉?故昔有云师、火(huo)正(zheng)、鸟师之(zhi)名。以斯而(er)(er)言(yan),世革则官异(yi),时易(yi)则礼变。公为皇魏东宫内(nei)侍(shi)长,侍(shi)长竟何(he)职也?”由是雅(ya)深憾之(zhi)。先(xian)是敕(chi)以奇(qi)(qi)(qi)付(fu)雅(ya),令铨补秘(mi)书(shu)(shu),雅(ya)既(ji)恶之(zhi),遂不复叙(xu)用(yong)焉。
奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)冗(rong)散数年(nian),高允(yun)与奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)仇温(wen)古籍,嘉其远致(zhi),称奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通识。非(fei)凡学(xue)所窥。允(yun)微劝雅曰(yue):“君(jun)朝望具瞻,何为与野(ye)儒办简(jian)牍章句?”雅谓允(yun)有私于奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),曰(yue):“君(jun)宁(ning)党小人(ren)也(ye)!”乃(nai)(nai)取奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所注(zhu)《论(lun)语》、《孝经》焚于坑内。奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)曰(yue):“公贵人(ren),不乏(fa)樵(qiao)薪,何乃(nai)(nai)燃奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《论(lun)语》?”雅愈怒,因告京(jing)师(shi)后(hou)生不听传授。而(er)奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)无(wu)降志(zhi),亦评雅之失(shi)。雅制昭皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)碑(bei)文(wen),论(lun)后(hou)名字(zi)之美,比谕前(qian)魏之甄后(hou)。奇(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)刺(ci)发(fa)其非(fei),遂闻(wen)于上。诏下司徒检对碑(bei)史事,乃(nai)(nai)郭后(hou),雅有屈(qu)焉。
有(you)人为谤(bang)书,多怨时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)言,颇称奇(qi)(qi)不得志。雅乃(nai)(nai)讽在事云:“此书言奇(qi)(qi)不遂(sui),当(dang)是奇(qi)(qi)假人为之(zhi)(zhi)。如依律文,造谤(bang)书者(zhe)皆及(ji)孥(nu)戮。”遂(sui)抵(di)奇(qi)(qi)罪。时(shi)司徒、平原王陆丽(li)知奇(qi)(qi)见枉(wang),惜其才学(xue),故得迁延经年,冀(ji)有(you)宽(kuan)宥。但执以狱成,竟致大戮,遂(sui)及(ji)其家(jia)。奇(qi)(qi)于《易》尤长。在狱尝自筮(shi)卦,未及(ji)成,乃(nai)(nai)揽破而叹曰(yue):“吾不度来年冬季!”及(ji)奇(qi)(qi)受(shou)害,如其所占。
奇初被召,夜梦星(xing)坠压脚(jiao)(jiao),明而告(gao)人曰(yue):“星(xing)则(ze)好风,星(xing)则(ze)好雨,梦星(xing)厌脚(jiao)(jiao),必无(wu)善征。但(dan)时(shi)命(ming)峻切,不敢(gan)不赴(fu)耳。”奇妹适(shi)常氏,有子曰(yue)矫之(zhi)(zhi)。仕历(li)郡守(shou)。神龟(gui)中,上(shang)书陈时(shi)政所(suo)宜,言颇(po)忠至,清河(he)王(wang)怿称美之(zhi)(zhi)。奇所(suo)注《论语》,矫之(zhi)(zhi)传掌,未能(neng)行于世,其义多(duo)异郑(zheng)玄,往(wang)往(wang)与司(si)徒崔浩同。
常(chang)爽(shuang),字仕明(ming),河内温人,魏太(tai)常(chang)卿林六世(shi)(shi)孙也。祖珍,苻坚南安太(tai)守,因(yin)世(shi)(shi)乱遂居(ju)凉州(zhou)(zhou)。父(fu)坦,乞伏世(shi)(shi)镇(zhen)远(yuan)将军、大夏镇(zhen)将、显美侯(hou)。爽(shuang)少而聪敏,严正有志概,虽家人僮隶未尝见其宽诞之容。笃志好(hao)学,博(bo)闻强(qiang)识,明(ming)习纬(wei)候,《五经》百(bai)家多(duo)所研综。州(zhou)(zhou)郡礼命皆(jie)不就。
世(shi)祖(zu)西(xi)征(zheng)凉土,爽(shuang)与(yu)兄仕国归款军门(men),世(shi)祖(zu)嘉之。赐仕国爵五品(pin),显(xian)美男;爽(shuang)为(wei)六品(pin),拜宣威将(jiang)军。是(shi)时戎车屡驾,征(zheng)伐为(wei)事,贵游(you)子(zi)弟(di)未遑学(xue)术,爽(shuang)置馆温水之右,教(jiao)(jiao)授门(men)徒(tu)七百(bai)余人,京师学(xue)业,翕然(ran)复兴。爽(shuang)立(li)训甚有劝罚(fa)之科,弟(di)子(zi)事之若严(yan)君焉。尚书左仆(pu)射元赞、平原(yuan)太(tai)守司(si)马真安、著作郎程(cheng)灵虬(qiu),皆是(shi)爽(shuang)教(jiao)(jiao)所(suo)就(jiu),崔浩、高允并称爽(shuang)之严(yan)教(jiao)(jiao),奖厉有方。允曰:“文翁柔(rou)胜,先生刚克(ke),立(li)教(jiao)(jiao)虽殊,成人一也(ye)。”其为(wei)通识叹服如(ru)此(ci)。
因教(jiao)(jiao)授之(zhi)暇(xia),述《六(liu)经略(lve)注》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)广制(zhi)作(zuo),甚有条贯(guan)。其(qi)序曰(yue):“《传》称(cheng):‘立天之(zhi)道(dao)曰(yue)阴与(yu)阳,立地之(zhi)道(dao)曰(yue)柔(rou)与(yu)刚(gang),立人(ren)之(zhi)道(dao)曰(yue)仁与(yu)义。’然(ran)则仁义者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)之(zhi)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye),经典者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)身(shen)之(zhi)文也(ye)(ye)(ye),皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)陶铸神情,启(qi)悟耳(er)目(mu),未有不(bu)(bu)由学而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能成(cheng)其(qi)器,不(bu)(bu)由习(xi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能利其(qi)业。是故季路勇士也(ye)(ye)(ye),服道(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)忠烈(lie)之(zhi)概;宁(ning)越庸夫也(ye)(ye)(ye),讲艺(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)全(quan)高尚之(zhi)节。盖所由者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)习(xi)也(ye)(ye)(ye),所因者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)本也(ye)(ye)(ye),本立而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)道(dao)生(sheng),身(shen)文而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)德备焉。昔者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)训天下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye),莫不(bu)(bu)导以(yi)(yi)(yi)《诗(shi)书(shu)》,教(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)《礼(li)乐(le)》,移其(qi)风俗,和(he)其(qi)人(ren)民。故恭俭庄(zhuang)敬(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)烦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《礼(li)》也(ye)(ye)(ye);广博(bo)易良(liang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)奢者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《乐(le)》也(ye)(ye)(ye);温柔(rou)敦厚而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)愚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《诗(shi)》也(ye)(ye)(ye);疏通知远而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)诬者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《书(shu)》也(ye)(ye)(ye);洁(jie)静(jing)精微而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)贼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《易》也(ye)(ye)(ye);属(shu)辞(ci)比事而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)乱(luan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),教(jiao)(jiao)深(shen)(shen)于(yu)《春秋(qiu)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫《乐(le)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)神,《诗(shi)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)正言,《礼(li)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)明体,《书(shu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)广听,《春秋(qiu)》以(yi)(yi)(yi)断事,五者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)盖五常(chang)之(zhi)道(dao)相须而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)备,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)《易》为之(zhi)源(yuan)。故曰(yue):“《易》不(bu)(bu)可见则乾坤其(qi)几乎息矣。”由是言之(zhi),《六(liu)经》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)先(xian)王(wang)之(zhi)遗烈(lie),圣人(ren)之(zhi)盛(sheng)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)。安可不(bu)(bu)游心寓(yu)目(mu),习(xi)性(xing)文身(shen)哉!顷(qing)因暇(xia)日(ri),属(shu)意(yi)艺(yi)林(lin),略(lve)撰所闻,讨论其(qi)本,名曰(yue)《六(liu)经略(lve)注》以(yi)(yi)(yi)训门(men)徒焉。”其(qi)《略(lve)注》行于(yu)世。
爽不事王侯(hou),独守闲(xian)静(jing),讲肄经典二十余年(nian),时(shi)人号为“儒林先生”。年(nian)六十三,卒于家。
子文通(tong),历(li)官(guan)至镇西(xi)(xi)司(si)马、南天水(shui)太守、西(xi)(xi)翼校尉。文通(tong)子景,别有《傅(fu)》。
刘献(xian)之(zhi)(zhi),博陵饶阳人(ren)也。少而(er)孤贫(pin),雅(ya)好(hao)《诗》、《传》,曾(ceng)受业(ye)于(yu)渤海程玄,后遂博观众籍。见名法之(zhi)(zhi)言,掩卷而(er)笑曰(yue):“若使(shi)杨墨之(zhi)(zhi)流不为此书,千载谁(shei)知其(qi)(qi)小也!”曾(ceng)谓其(qi)(qi)所亲曰(yue):“观屈原(yuan)《离骚》之(zhi)(zhi)作,自(zi)是狂人(ren),死其(qi)(qi)宜(yi)矣,何足惜也!吾常谓濯缨洗耳(er),有异(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)迹;哺糟歠醨,有同物之(zhi)(zhi)志。而(er)孔子曰(yue):‘我则异(yi)于(yu)是,无可(ke)无不可(ke)。’诚哉斯言,实获我心。
时人(ren)有从献之(zhi)学(xue)者(zhe),献之(zhi)辄谓之(zhi)曰(yue):“人(ren)之(zhi)立身(shen),虽百行(xing)殊(shu)途,准之(zhi)四(si)科(ke),要以德(de)行(xing)为首(shou)。君若能入孝(xiao)出悌,忠(zhong)信仁让(rang),不(bu)(bu)待出户,天下自知。傥不(bu)(bu)能然,虽复下帷针股,蹑屩从师,正可博闻多识,不(bu)(bu)过为土龙乞雨,眩惑(huo)将(jiang)来,其(qi)于立身(shen)之(zhi)道有何(he)(he)益乎(hu)?孔门(men)之(zhi)徒,初亦(yi)未(wei)悟,见旱鱼之(zhi)叹,方归而(er)养(yang)亲。嗟(jie)乎(hu)先(xian)达,何(he)(he)自觉之(zhi)晚也!束脩(xiu)不(bu)(bu)易,受之(zhi)亦(yi)难,敢布心腹,子其(qi)图之(zhi)。”由(you)是(shi)四(si)方学(xue)者(zhe)莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)高其(qi)行(xing)义而(er)希造其(qi)门(men)。
献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善《春秋》、《毛(mao)诗》,每讲(jiang)《左氏》,尽隐公八年(nian)便止,云(yun)义(yi)例己了,不复须解。由是弟子不能究竟其说(shuo)。后本郡(jun)举孝廉(lian),非其好也,逼遗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃应命,至京,称疾(ji)而(er)(er)还。高(gao)祖幸(xing)中山(shan),诏征典内(nei)校(xiao)书,献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喟然(ran)叹曰:“吾(wu)不如庄周散木远矣!一之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓甚(shen),其可(ke)再乎。”固以疾(ji)辞。时中山(shan)张吾(wu)贵与(yu)献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齐名,海(hai)内(nei)皆曰儒宗。吾(wu)贵每一讲(jiang)唱,门徒千数,其行(xing)业(ye)可(ke)称者寡。献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)著录,数百(bai)而(er)(er)已,皆经通(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)。于(yu)是有识者辨其优(you)劣(lie)。魏承丧乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,《五经》大义(yi)虽(sui)有师说(shuo),而(er)(er)海(hai)内(nei)诸生多(duo)有疑滞,咸(xian)决于(yu)献(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。六艺(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen),虽(sui)不悉注(zhu),然(ran)所标宗旨,颇(po)异旧义(yi),撰《三礼(li)大义(yi)》四卷,《三传略例》三卷,《注(zhu)毛(mao)诗序义(yi)》一卷,今行(xing)于(yu)世(shi),并《章句疏》三卷。注(zhu)《涅槃经》未就而(er)(er)卒。有四子,放古、爰古、参(can)古、脩古。
放(fang)古,幼有(you)人才。为(wei)州从事,早亡。爰古、参古,并传父《诗》而不能精通也。
张(zhang)(zhang)吾(wu)(wu)贵,字吴子,中(zhong)山人。少聪惠口辩,身(shen)长八(ba)(ba)尺,容貌(mao)奇伟。年十八(ba)(ba),本郡举为太学(xue)博士。吾(wu)(wu)贵先未多学(xue),乃从郦诠受《礼》,牛天祐(you)受《易》。诠、祐(you)粗为开(kai)发(fa),而吾(wu)(wu)贵览读一(yi)遍,便即别(bie)构户牖。世人竞归(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曾在夏学(xue),聚徒千数而不讲(jiang)(jiang)《传》,生(sheng)徒窃云张(zhang)(zhang)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)《左氏》似(si)不能说。吾(wu)(wu)贵闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓其徒曰:“我今(jin)夏讲(jiang)(jiang)暂(zan)罢,后当说《传》,君等(deng)来(lai)日皆当持本。”生(sheng)徒怪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而已(yi)。吾(wu)(wu)贵谓刘兰云:“君曾读《左氏》,为我一(yi)说。”兰遂(sui)为讲(jiang)(jiang)。三(san)旬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),吾(wu)(wu)贵兼读杜、服,隐括两家,异(yi)同(tong)悉举。诸生(sheng)后集,便为讲(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),义例无穷,皆多新异(yi)。兰乃伏听(ting)。学(xue)者以此益奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而以辩能饰非,好(hao)为诡说,由(you)是(shi)业(ye)不久传,而气陵牧(mu)守,不屈王侯,竟不仕而终。
刘兰(lan)(lan),武邑人(ren)。年三(san)十(shi)余(yu),始入(ru)小学(xue),书(shu)《急就(jiu)篇》。家(jia)人(ren)觉其(qi)(qi)(qi)聪敏,遂(sui)令从师,受《春秋(qiu)》、《诗》、《礼》于中山(shan)王保安。家(jia)贫无(wu)以自(zi)资,且(qie)耕且(qie)学(xue)。三(san)年之后,便(bian)白其(qi)(qi)(qi)兄:“兰(lan)(lan)欲讲书(shu)。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)兄笑而(er)听之,为(wei)立黉(hong)舍,聚徒(tu)二(er)百(bai)。兰(lan)(lan)读《左氏》,五(wu)日一遍(bian),兼通(tong)《五(wu)经》。先是张吾(wu)贵以聪辨过(guo)人(ren),其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)解说,不本先儒之旨。唯兰(lan)(lan)推《经》、《传》之由(you),本注者之意,参以纬候(hou)及先儒旧事,甚为(wei)精悉。自(zi)后经义(yi)审博,皆由(you)于兰(lan)(lan)。兰(lan)(lan)又(you)明阴阳,博物多识,为(wei)儒者所(suo)宗。瀛(ying)州刺史(shi)裴(pei)植征兰(lan)(lan)讲书(shu)于州城南馆(guan),植为(wei)学(xue)主,故生(sheng)徒(tu)甚盛,海内称焉。又(you)特(te)为(wei)中山(shan)王英所(suo)重。英引(yin)在馆(guan),令授(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)熙、诱、略等。兰(lan)(lan)学(xue)徒(tu)前后数千,成业者众(zhong),而(er)排毁(hui)《公羊》,又(you)非董仲舒,由(you)是见(jian)讥于世。永平中,为(wei)国子(zi)助教。延昌中,静坐(zuo)(zuo)读书(shu),有(you)人(ren)叩门(men),门(men)人(ren)通(tong)焉,兰(lan)(lan)命引(yin)入(ru)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)葛巾单衣,入(ru)与兰(lan)(lan)坐(zuo)(zuo),谓(wei)兰(lan)(lan)曰:“君自(zi)是学(xue)士,何为(wei)每见(jian)毁(hui)辱,理义(yi)长(zhang)短,竟知在谁,而(er)过(guo)无(wu)礼见(jian)陵也。今欲相召,当与君正之。”言终而(er)出。出后,兰(lan)(lan)告家(jia)人(ren)。少时而(er)患卒。
孙惠蔚,字叔炳,武邑武遂人也,小字陀罗。自言六世祖道(dao)恭为晋长秋卿,自道(dao)恭至惠蔚世以儒学相传(chuan)。惠蔚年十(shi)(shi)三,粗通(tong)《诗》、《书》及(ji)《孝经(jing)》、《论语(yu)》;十(shi)(shi)八,师董道(dao)季讲《易》;十(shi)(shi)九(jiu),师程玄读(du)《礼经(jing)》及(ji)《春(chun)秋》三《传(chuan)》。周流儒肆,有名于冀方。
太和(he)初,郡举(ju)孝廉,对(dui)策于(yu)中书(shu)省(sheng)。时中书(shu)监(jian)高闾宿(su)闻(wen)惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu),称其英辩,因相谈,荐为(wei)中书(shu)博士(shi)。转皇宗博士(shi)。闾被敕理定雅乐(le)(le),惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu)参(can)其事。及(ji)乐(le)(le)成(cheng),闾上(shang)疏请集朝贵于(yu)太乐(le)(le),共研是非(fei)。秘(mi)书(shu)令(ling)李彪(biao)自以(yi)才辩,立难于(yu)其间,闾命惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu)与(yu)彪(biao)抗(kang)论,彪(biao)不能(neng)屈。黄门侍郎张(zhang)彝常与(yu)游处,每表疏论事,多参(can)访焉(yan)。十七年(nian),高祖(zu)南征,上(shang)议告类(lei)之(zhi)礼(li)。及(ji)太师冯熙薨,惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu)监(jian)其丧礼(li),上(shang)书(shu)令(ling)熙未冠之(zhi)子(zi)皆服成(cheng)人之(zhi)服。惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu)与(yu)李彪(biao)以(yi)儒学相知,及(ji)彪(biao)位(wei)至尚书(shu),惠(hui)(hui)蔚(yu)仍太庙令(ling)。高祖(zu)曾从容言曰:“道(dao)固(gu)既(ji)登龙(long)门而孙(sun)蔚(yu)犹沉(chen)涓(juan)浍,朕常以(yi)为(wei)负(fu)矣。”虽久滞小官,深体通塞,无孜孜之(zhi)望,儒者以(yi)是尚焉(yan)。
二十二年(nian),侍(shi)读(du)东宫。先是(shi)七庙以(yi)(yi)平文为太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)议(yi)定祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宗,以(yi)(yi)道(dao)武为太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)宗虽(sui)定,然昭穆(mu)(mu)未改。及高祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)崩,祔神(shen)主于(yu)庙,时侍(shi)中(zhong)崔光兼太(tai)常卿,以(yi)(yi)太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)既改,昭穆(mu)(mu)以(yi)(yi)次而(er)易。兼御史中(zhong)尉、黄(huang)门(men)侍(shi)郎(lang)邢峦以(yi)(yi)为太(tai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)虽(sui)改,昭穆(mu)(mu)仍不应易,乃立弹(dan)草欲按(an)奏(zou)光。光谓惠(hui)蔚曰:“此(ci)乃礼也,而(er)执法欲见弹(dan)劾,思获助于(yu)硕学。”惠(hui)蔚曰:“此(ci)深得礼变(bian)。”寻为书以(yi)(yi)与光,赞明其事。光以(yi)(yi)惠(hui)蔚书呈宰(zai)辅,乃召惠(hui)蔚与峦庭议(yi)得失,尚书令王肃又助峦,而(er)峦理终屈(qu),弹(dan)事遂(sui)寝。
世(shi)宗即位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),仍在(zai)左(zuo)右敷训经(jing)典(dian),自(zi)冗从(cong)仆射(she)迁秘(mi)(mi)(mi)书(shu)(shu)丞、武邑郡中正。惠蔚(yu)既(ji)入(ru)东(dong)观,见(jian)典(dian)籍(ji)(ji)未周,乃(nai)上(shang)疏曰:“臣(chen)闻(wen)圣皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御世(shi)也,必幽赞人(ren)经(jing),参(can)天二(er)(er)地(di),宪章(zhang)(zhang)典(dian)故(gu),述遵(zun)鸿猷。故(gu)《易》曰:‘观乎天文(wen)以察时(shi)变,观乎人(ren)文(wen)以化(hua)成天下。’然(ran)则《六经(jing)》、百(bai)氏,图书(shu)(shu)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)籍(ji)(ji),乃(nai)承天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正术,治(zhi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贞(zhen)范。是(shi)以温(wen)柔(rou)疏远(yuan),《诗书(shu)(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao);恭俭易良,《礼乐》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。爻彖以精微为神,《春秋(qiu)》以属辞(ci)为化(hua)。故(gu)大训炳(bing)于东(dong)序,艺文(wen)光(guang)于麟阁。斯(si)实太(tai)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枢宗,胜残(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要道,有(you)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵基,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛业(ye)。安上(shang)靖民,敦风(feng)美俗,其(qi)(qi)在(zai)兹乎?及(ji)秦弃学术,《礼经(jing)》泯(min)绝。减(jian)兴(xing)求访(fang),典(dian)文(wen)载(zai)举,先王遗训,粲然(ran)复(fu)存。暨光(guang)武拨乱(luan),日不(bu)暇给,而入(ru)洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书(shu)(shu)二(er)(er)千余两。魏晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),尤重典(dian)坟,收亡集逸,九(jiu)流咸备。观其(qi)(qi)鸠阅史篇(pian),访(fang)购经(jing)论,纸竹所(suo)载(zai),略尽无遗。臣(chen)学阙(que)通(tong)儒,思(si)不(bu)及(ji)远(yuan),徒(tu)循章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju),片义(yi)无立,而兹造曲覃,厕班(ban)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)省(sheng),忝(tian)官(guan)承乏(fa),唯书(shu)(shu)是(shi)司。而观、阁旧典(dian),先无定(ding)(ding)目(mu),新故(gu)杂糅,首(shou)尾不(bu)全。有(you)者(zhe)累帙数(shu)十,无者(zhe)旷年不(bu)写。或篇(pian)第(di)褫落,始末沦残(can);或文(wen)坏(huai)字(zi)误,谬(miu)烂(lan)相属。篇(pian)目(mu)虽多(duo),全定(ding)(ding)者(zhe)少。臣(chen)今(jin)依前丞臣(chen)卢昶所(suo)撰《甲乙》新录,欲裨残(can)补(bu)阙(que),损并有(you)无,校练句(ju)读,以为定(ding)(ding)本,次第(di)均写永为常式(shi)。其(qi)(qi)省(sheng)先无本者(zhe),广加推寻(xun),搜求令足。然(ran)经(jing)记浩博,诸(zhu)子(zi)纷纶,部帙既(ji)多(duo),章(zhang)(zhang)篇(pian)纰缪(mou),当非一二(er)(er)校书(shu)(shu),岁月(yue)可了。今(jin)求令四(si)门博士(shi)及(ji)在(zai)京(jing)儒生四(si)十人(ren),在(zai)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)书(shu)(shu)省(sheng)专精校考,参(can)定(ding)(ding)字(zi)义(yi)。如(ru)蒙听(ting)许(xu),则典(dian)文(wen)允正,群书(shu)(shu)大集。”诏许(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
又兼黄(huang)(huang)门(men)侍(shi)郎,迁中(zhong)散大(da)夫,仍兼黄(huang)(huang)门(men)。久之(zhi),正黄(huang)(huang)门(men)侍(shi)郎,代崔光为(wei)著作郎,才非文史(shi)(shi),无所撰(zhuan)著,唯自(zi)披(pi)其传注数行而(er)已(yi)。迁国子(zi)祭酒、秘书(shu)监(jian),仍知史(shi)(shi)事。延昌二(er)年(nian)(nian),追赏侍(shi)讲之(zhi)劳(lao),封枣强县开(kai)国男,食邑二(er)百(bai)户。肃(su)宗初,出为(wei)平东将军、济州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。还京,除光禄(lu)大(da)夫。魏(wei)初已(yi)来(lai),儒生寒官,惠(hui)蔚最(zui)为(wei)显达。先单名蔚,正始(shi)中(zhong),侍(shi)讲禁内(nei),夜论佛经,有惬(qie)帝旨,诏使(shi)加“惠(hui)”,号惠(hui)蔚法师焉(yan)。神(shen)龟元年(nian)(nian)卒(zu)于官,时(shi)年(nian)(nian)六十七。赐帛(bo)五百(bai)匹(pi),赠大(da)将军、瀛州刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),谥曰戴。
子伯(bo)(bo)礼,袭封。伯(bo)(bo)礼善隶书。拜奉朝请、员(yuan)外散骑(qi)侍郎、宁朔(shuo)将(jiang)军(jun)、步兵校尉、国子博士(shi)。卒(zu),赠辅国将(jiang)军(jun)、巴州刺史。子产同,袭。少有才学,早(zao)亡,时人惜(xi)之(zhi)。
徐遵(zun)明,字子判,华阴(yin)人也。身(shen)长八(ba)尺,幼孤好学。年十(shi)(shi)七,随乡人毛灵和等诣(yi)山东求学。至上党,乃(nai)师屯留王聪,受(shou)《毛诗》、《尚(shang)书》、《礼记》。一(yi)年,便辞聪诣(yi)燕赵(zhao),师事张吾(wu)贵。吾(wu)贵门徒甚盛,遵(zun)明伏膺数月,乃(nai)私(si)谓其友人曰(yue):“张生名高而义(yi)无(wu)检格,凡所(suo)讲(jiang)说,不惬吾(wu)心,请更从师。”遂与平(ping)原田猛(meng)(meng)略(lve)就(jiu)范阳孙(sun)买德受(shou)业(ye)。一(yi)年,复欲(yu)去之。猛(meng)(meng)略(lve)谓遵(zun)明曰(yue):“君年少从师,每不终(zhong)业(ye),千里负帙,何去就(jiu)之甚。如此(ci)用(yong)意,终(zhong)恐(kong)无(wu)成。”遵(zun)明曰(yue):’吾(wu)今始知真师所(suo)在。”猛(meng)(meng)略(lve)曰(yue):“何在?”遵(zun)明乃(nai)指心曰(yue):“正在于此(ci)。”乃(nai)诣(yi)平(ping)原唐迁,纳之,居于蚕舍。读(du)《孝经》、《论语》、《毛诗》、《尚(shang)书》、《三礼》,不出门院,凡经六年,时弹筝(zheng)吹笛以自娱慰。又知阳平(ping)馆陶(tao)赵(zhao)世业(ye)家有服氏春秋,是晋世永(yong)嘉旧本,遵(zun)明乃(nai)往读(du)之。复经数载(zai),因手撰(zhuan)《春秋义(yi)章(zhang)》,为三十(shi)(shi)卷。
是(shi)后教授,门徒盖(gai)寡,久之乃盛。遵明每临讲坐(zuo),必持经执疏,然后敷陈,其学徒至今浸以成俗(su)。遵明讲学于(yu)外二十(shi)余年(nian),海内莫不(bu)宗(zong)仰。颇好(hao)聚(ju)敛,有损儒者之风。
后广平王怀(huai)闻(wen)而征焉(yan)。至而寻退(tui),不好京辇。孝昌末,南渡河,客于任城。以兗(yan)州有(you)旧,因徒居焉(yan)。永安(an)初(chu),东(dong)道(dao)大使元(yuan)罗表荐之,竟(jing)无礼辟(pi)。二年,元(yuan)颢入洛(luo),任城太守李湛将举义兵(bing)(bing),遵明同(tong)其(qi)事。夜至民间,为乱(luan)兵(bing)(bing)所害(hai),时(shi)年五十五。
永熙(xi)二年,遵(zun)(zun)(zun)明(ming)弟子通直散骑常(chang)侍李(li)业兴(xing)表(biao)(biao)曰:“臣闻(wen)行道树德(de),非求利于当年;服(fu)义履仁,岂邀恩(en)于没(mei)世(shi)。但(dan)天爵所存,果(guo)致式(shi)闾(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼;民望攸属,终有(you)(you)祠(ci)墓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荣。伏见故(gu)处士兗(yan)州徐遵(zun)(zun)(zun)明(ming)生在衡泌,弗因世(shi)族之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基;长(zhang)于原野,匪(fei)乘雕镂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。而(er)讬心渊旷,置(zhi)情(qing)恬雅,处静无闷,居约不(bu)(bu)忧。故(gu)能垂(chui)帘自精(jing),下帷独得,钻经纬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微(wei)言(yan),研圣贤(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙旨(zhi)。莫不(bu)(bu)入其门(men)户,践其堂奥,信以称大儒于海(hai)(hai)内,擅明(ming)师于日下矣。是故(gu)眇(miao)眇(miao)四方(fang),知音之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),延(yan)首(shou)慕德(de),跂(qi)踵(zhong)依风(feng)。每精(jing)庐(lu)暂辟,杖策(ce)不(bu)(bu)远千里;束脩受(shou)业,编录将逾万人。固(gu)已企(qi)盛烈于西河,拟高踪于北海(hai)(hai)。若慕奇好(hao)士,爱客尊贤(xian)(xian),罢吏游梁,纷而(er)成列(lie)。遵(zun)(zun)(zun)明(ming)以硕德(de)重(zhong)名,首(shou)蒙(meng)礼命,曳裾雅步,眷(juan)同置(zhi)体。黄门(men)李(li)郁具(ju)所知明(ming),方(fang)申荐奏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),处心守(shou)壑(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),潜(qian)居乐道,遂往不(bu)(bu)归。故(gu)北海(hai)(hai)王入洛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,率土风(feng)靡,遵(zun)(zun)(zun)明(ming)确(que)然守(shou)志(zhi),忠(zhong)洁不(bu)(bu)渝,遂与(yu)太(tai)守(shou)李(li)湛将诛叛逆。时有(you)(you)邂(xie)逅(hou),受(shou)毙凶(xiong)险。至诚高节(jie),堙(yin)没(mei)无闻(wen),朝野人士,相与(yu)嗟悼。伏惟陛下远应龙(long)序,俯执天衷,每端(duan)听而(er)忘昃(ze),常(chang)坐思(si)而(er)候晓。虽微(wei)功小善,片言(yan)一(yi)行,莫不(bu)(bu)衣裳(shang)加室(shi),玉帛在门(men)。况遵(zun)(zun)(zun)明(ming)冠盖(gai)一(yi)时,师表(biao)(biao)当世(shi),溘焉冥没(mei),旌纪寂寥。逝(shi)者长(zhang)辞,无论荣价,文明(ming)叙(xu)物,敦(dun)厉斯在。臣讬迹诸生,亲(qin)承顾眄(mian),惟伏膺(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,感在三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong),是以越分陈愚,上(shang)喧幄(wo)座。特(te)乞加以显谥,追以好(hao)爵,仰申朝廷尚德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风(feng),下示学徒稽古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。若宸鉴昭(zhao)回,曲垂(chui)矜采(cai),则荒坟千载(zai),式(shi)贵生平。”卒(zu)无赠谥。
董徵(zhi),字文发,顿丘卫国人(ren)也。祖英,高平(ping)太(tai)(tai)(tai)守。父(fu)虬,郡功(gong)曹(cao)。徵(zhi)身长(zhang)七(qi)尺二寸(cun),好古,学尚(shang)雅素。年十七(qi),师清(qing)河(he)(he)监伯阳,受《论语》、《毛诗(shi)》、《春秋》、《周易(yi)》,就(jiu)河(he)(he)内高望崇受《周官》,后于博陵刘献之(zhi)(zhi)遍(bian)受诸(zhu)经。数年之(zhi)(zhi)中,大义(yi)(yi)精练,讲授生徒。太(tai)(tai)(tai)和末,为(wei)(wei)四门小学博士。后世(shi)宗诏徵(zhi)入璇华宫(gong),令(ling)孙惠蔚问以(yi)《六经》,仍诏征(zheng)教授京兆、清(qing)河(he)(he)、广平(ping)、汝(ru)南(nan)四王(wang)(wang),后特(te)除(chu)员外散(san)骑(qi)(qi)侍郎。清(qing)河(he)(he)王(wang)(wang)怿之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)空、司(si)(si)徒,引征(zheng)为(wei)(wei)长(zhang)流参军(jun)(jun)(jun)。怿迁太(tai)(tai)(tai)尉,征(zheng)为(wei)(wei)仓曹(cao)参军(jun)(jun)(jun)。出为(wei)(wei)氵市郡太(tai)(tai)(tai)守,加(jia)扬烈将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。入为(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)(tai)尉司(si)(si)马(ma),俄加(jia)辅国将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)。未几,以(yi)本将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)除(chu)安州刺史。徵(zhi)因(yin)述职(zhi),路(lu)次过(guo)家(jia),置酒高会,大享(xiang)邑(yi)老(lao)(lao),乃言曰(yue):“腰龟(gui)返(fan)国,昔人(ren)称荣;仗节还家(jia),云胡不乐。”因(yin)诫二三子弟曰(yue):“此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)富贵,匪自天降(jiang),乃勤学所致耳。”时人(ren)荣之(zhi)(zhi)。入为(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)农少卿、光禄(lu)大夫。征(zheng)出州入卿,匪唯学业(ye)所致,亦由汝(ru)南(nan)王(wang)(wang)悦以(yi)其师资之(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)启请焉。永安初,加(jia)平(ping)东将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun),寻(xun)以(yi)老(lao)(lao)解职(zhi)。永熙(xi)二年卒。出帝以(yi)徵(zhi)昔授父(fu)业(ye),故优赠散(san)骑(qi)(qi)常侍、都督相殷沧三州诸(zhu)军(jun)(jun)(jun)事、车骑(qi)(qi)大将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军(jun)(jun)(jun)、仪(yi)同三司(si)(si)、尚(shang)书左仆射、相州刺史,谥曰(yue)文烈。
子仲曜,武(wu)定末,仪同开府属(shu)。
刁冲(chong),字文(wen)朗,渤海饶安人(ren)也,镇东将军雍之(zhi)曾(ceng)孙。十三而(er)孤,孝慕(mu)过人(ren)。其(qi)(qi)祖母司空(kong)高允女,聪明妇人(ren)也,哀其(qi)(qi)早(zao)孤,抚养尢笃。冲(chong)免丧(sang)后(hou)(hou)便(bian)志学(xue)(xue)他方,高氏泣(qi)涕留(liu)之(zhi),冲(chong)终不(bu)(bu)止。虽家世贵达,乃从师于(yu)外,自(zi)同诸生(sheng)。于(yu)时学(xue)(xue)制,诸生(sheng)悉日直监(jian)厨,冲(chong)虽有(you)仆(pu)隶(li),不(bu)(bu)令代己(ji),身自(zi)炊(chui)爨。每师受(shou)之(zhi)际,发(fa)情精专(zhuan),不(bu)(bu)舍昼(zhou)夜(ye),殆忘寒暑。学(xue)(xue)通诸经,偏修(xiu)郑说(shuo),阴(yin)阳、图(tu)纬、算(suan)数、天(tian)文(wen)、风气之(zhi)书莫不(bu)(bu)关综,当世服其(qi)(qi)精博(bo),刺史郭祚闻其(qi)(qi)盛名,访以疑义,冲(chong)应机解辩(bian),无不(bu)(bu)祛其(qi)(qi)久(jiu)惑。后(hou)(hou)太守(shou)范阳卢尚之(zhi)、刺史河(he)东裴植并征冲(chong)为功曹、主簿,非所好也,受(shou)署而(er)已,不(bu)(bu)关事(shi)务。惟以讲学(xue)(xue)为心(xin),四方学(xue)(xue)徒就(jiu)其(qi)(qi)受(shou)业者(zhe)岁(sui)有(you)数百。
冲虽儒生,而执心壮(zhuang)烈,不畏强御。延昌中,世宗舅司徒高(gao)肇擅(shan)恣威权,冲乃抗表极言其(qi)事,辞旨恳直,文义忠愤。太傅、清河王怿览(lan)而叹息。
先是冲曾祖雍(yong)(yong)作《行孝论》以(yi)诫子孙,称:“古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)葬者衣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)薪,不(bu)(bu)(bu)封不(bu)(bu)(bu)树,后世(shi)圣人(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)棺(guan)椁。其有生则(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)致养(yang),死则(ze)(ze)厚葬过(guo)度。及(ji)(ji)于末(mo)世(shi),至蘧蒢裹尸,倮而葬者。确而为(wei)(wei)论,并(bing)作折(zhe)衷。既知二者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失,岂宜(yi)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。当令所存者棺(guan)厚不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)三寸,高不(bu)(bu)(bu)过(guo)三尺(chi),弗(fu)用缯彩,敛以(yi)时服(fu)。轜车(che)止用白布(bu)为(wei)(wei)幔,不(bu)(bu)(bu)加画饰,名为(wei)(wei)清(qing)素车(che)。又去(qu)挽歌、方相,并(bing)盟(meng)器杂物。”及(ji)(ji)冲祖遵将卒,敕其子孙令奉雍(yong)(yong)遗旨。河南尹丞张普(pu)惠谓为(wei)(wei)太俭,贻(yi)书于冲叔整议(yi)其进退。整令与通学议(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冲及(ji)(ji)致书国(guo)学诸(zhu)儒以(yi)论其事(shi),学官竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)答(da)。
冲以嫡传(chuan)祖爵东安侯(hou)。京(jing)兆王继为司空(kong)也,并以高(gao)选频辟记室参军。肃宗将亲释(shi)奠,于(yu)是(shi)国(guo)子助教韩神固与诸儒诣国(guo)子祭(ji)酒崔光(guang)、吏部尚书甄琛,举其才学,奏(zou)而征焉(yan)。及(ji)卒,国(guo)子博(bo)士(shi)高(gao)凉及(ji)范阳(yang)卢道侃、卢景裕等复上状陈冲业行,议奏(zou)谥(shi)曰安宪先生,祭(ji)以太牢。子钦,字志(zhi)儒。早亡(wang)。
卢景裕,字(zi)仲儒,小字(zi)白头,范阳涿(zhuo)人也。章武伯同(tong)之兄子。少(shao)聪(cong)敏(min),专经为学。居(ju)拒(ju)马河(he),将一老婢作食,妻子不自随从(cong)。又避地大宁山,不营(ying)世事(shi),居(ju)无所业(ye),惟在注(zhu)解。其叔父同(tong)职居(ju)显要,而景裕止(zhi)于园(yuan)舍,情均郊野(ye),谦(qian)恭(gong)守道,贞素自得。由是世号居(ju)士。
前废帝初,除国子(zi)博士,参议正声(sheng),甚见亲遇,待以不臣之礼。永熙(xi)初,以例(li)解。天平(ping)中,还乡里,与邢(xing)子(zi)才、魏(wei)季景(jing)、魏(wei)收、邢(xing)昕等同征赴鄴。景(jing)裕寓讬僧寺(si),讲听(ting)不已。未几(ji),归本(ben)郡。
河间邢(xing)摩纳与景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)从兄(xiong)仲礼据(ju)乡作逆,逼其(qi)同反(fan),以(yi)应元宝炬。齐献武王(wang)命都(dou)督贺拔仁讨平之。闻景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)经(jing)明行著,驿马特征,既而舍(she)之,使教诸子。在馆十日一归家,随(sui)以(yi)鼎食。景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)风仪(yi)言(yan)行,雅(ya)见嗟(jie)赏。先是景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)注《周易》、《尚书》、《孝经(jing)》、《礼记》、《老子》,其(qi)《毛诗》、《春秋左(zuo)氏》未讫,齐文襄王(wang)入相,于第开(kai)讲,招延时隽,令景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)解所注《易》。景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)理义(yi)精微,吐发闲(xian)雅(ya)。时有问难(nan),或相诋(di)诃,大声厉色(se),言(yan)至(zhi)不逊(xun),而景(jing)(jing)裕(yu)(yu)(yu)神采俨然,风调如一,从容(rong)往复,无(wu)际可寻。由是士君子嗟(jie)美之。
元颢入洛(luo),以为(wei)中书郎(lang)。普泰初,复除国(guo)子博士。进退其间,未曾有得失之色。性清静,淡于荣利,弊衣粗食(shi),恬然自(zi)安,终日端严,如对(dui)宾客。兴和中,补齐(qi)王开府属(shu),卒于晋阳,齐(qi)献武王悼惜之。
景(jing)裕(yu)虽不聚(ju)徒教授(shou),所注《易》大行(xing)于(yu)世(shi)(shi)。又好释氏,通其大义。天竺胡沙门道悕每论诸经(jing)论,辄讬(tuo)景(jing)裕(yu)为之(zhi)序。景(jing)裕(yu)之(zhi)败也,系晋阳(yang)狱,至心诵经(jing),枷锁(suo)自(zi)脱。是时(shi)又有(you)人负罪当死,梦沙门教讲经(jing),觉(jue)时(shi)如所梦,默(mo)诵千遍,临刑刀折,主者以闻,赦之(zhi)。此经(jing)遂行(xing)于(yu)世(shi)(shi),号曰(yue)《高王观世(shi)(shi)音》。
李(li)同轨(gui),赵郡高邑人,阳夏太(tai)守义(yi)深(shen)之(zhi)弟(di)。体貌魁岸,腰带十(shi)围,学综诸(zhu)经,多(duo)所治诵,兼读(du)释(shi)氏,又(you)好(hao)医术。年(nian)二十(shi)二,举秀才,射策(ce),除奉朝(chao)请,领国(guo)子(zi)助(zhu)教。转著(zhu)作郎,典仪注,修国(guo)史,迁国(guo)子(zi)博(bo)士,加征(zheng)虏将军(jun)。永熙二年(nian),出(chu)帝(di)幸平等寺,僧徒讲法,敕同轨(gui)论难,音(yin)韵闲朗,往复(fu)可观,出(chu)帝(di)善之(zhi)。三年(nian)春,释(shi)菜,诏(zhao)延公(gong)卿学官于显阳殿,敕祭酒(jiu)刘廞讲《孝经》,黄门李(li)郁(yu)讲《礼(li)记》,中(zhong)书(shu)舍入卢景(jing)宣(xuan)解《大戴礼(li)夏小正篇》。时(shi)(shi)广招(zhao)儒学,引令预听(ting)。同轨(gui)经义(yi)素(su)优,辩析兼美,而不(bu)得执经,深(shen)为慨恨(hen)。天平中(zhong),转中(zhong)书(shu)侍郎。兴(xing)和中(zhong),兼通(tong)直散骑常侍,使(shi)萧衍(yan)。衍(yan)深(shen)耽释(shi)学,遂集(ji)名(ming)僧于其爱(ai)敬、同泰二寺,讲《涅盘大品经》,引同轨(gui)预席。衍(yan)兼遣其朝(chao)臣(chen)并共观听(ting)。同轨(gui)论难久之(zhi),道(dao)俗咸以为善。卢景(jing)裕卒,齐献武王(wang)引同轨(gui)在馆教诸(zhu)公(gong)子(zi),甚加礼(li)之(zhi)。每(mei)旦入授,日(ri)暮始归。缁(zi)素(su)请业者,同轨(gui)夜为说解,四时(shi)(shi)恆尔,不(bu)以为倦(juan)。武定(ding)四年(nian)夏卒,年(nian)四十(shi)七,时(shi)(shi)人伤(shang)惜之(zhi),齐献武王(wang)亦殊嗟悼,赠(zeng)(zeng)襚(sui)甚厚。赠(zeng)(zeng)骠(piao)骑大将军(jun)、瀛(ying)州刺史,谥曰康。
李(li)业(ye)兴(xing),上(shang)党长(zhang)子人(ren)也。祖虬,父玄纪(ji),并以儒学举孝廉。玄纪(ji)卒于金乡令。业(ye)兴(xing)少耿(geng)介(jie)。志(zhi)学精力,负帙从(cong)师,不(bu)惮勤苦(ku)。耽思章句,好览(lan)异说。晚乃(nai)师事徐遵明(ming)于赵魏之间(jian)。时有渔阳鲜于灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)亦聚徒教授,而(er)遵明(ming)声誉未高,著录(lu)尚寡。业(ye)兴(xing)乃(nai)诣灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)黉舍(she),类受业(ye)者。灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)乃(nai)谓曰:“李(li)生久遂羌博士,何所得(de)也?”业(ye)兴(xing)默尔不(bu)言。及灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)说《左传》,业(ye)兴(xing)问其大义数条,灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)不(bu)能对。于是振(zhen)衣而(er)起(qi)曰:“羌弟子正如此耳!”遂便径还。自此灵(ling)(ling)(ling)馥(fu)生徒倾学而(er)就(jiu)遵明(ming)。遵明(ming)学徒大盛(sheng),业(ye)兴(xing)之为也。
后(hou)乃(nai)博涉百家(jia)(jia),图纬(wei)、风角、天(tian)文(wen)、占(zhan)候无不(bu)详练,尤长算历。虽在贫贱(jian),常自矜(jin)负,若礼待不(bu)足(zu),纵于(yu)权(quan)贵,不(bu)为之(zhi)屈。后(hou)为王遵(zun)业(ye)门客(ke)。举孝(xiao)廉,为校书郎。以世(shi)(shi)行(xing)赵(zhao)匪历,节气后(hou)辰下算,延昌中(zhong),业(ye)兴(xing)(xing)乃(nai)为《戊子(zi)元历》上之(zhi)。于(yu)时屯骑校尉(wei)张(zhang)洪、荡寇(kou)将军张(zhang)龙祥等(deng)(deng)九家(jia)(jia)各(ge)献新(xin)历,世(shi)(shi)宗诏令共为一历。洪等(deng)(deng)后(hou)遂共推业(ye)兴(xing)(xing)为主,成(cheng)《戊子(zi)历》,正光三年奏行(xing)之(zhi)。事在《律历志》,累(lei)迁奉朝请(qing)。临淮王彧征(zheng)(zheng)蛮,引为骑兵(bing)参军。后(hou)广陵王渊(yuan)北(bei)征(zheng)(zheng),复为外兵(bing)参军。业(ye)兴(xing)(xing)以殷历甲寅,黄(huang)帝辛(xin)卯,徒有积元,术数(shu)亡缺,业(ye)兴(xing)(xing)又(you)修(xiu)之(zhi),各(ge)为一卷,传于(yu)世(shi)(shi)。
建(jian)义初(chu),敕典仪注(zhu),未几除著(zhu)作(zuo)佐郎(lang)。永安二年(nian),以前造历之勋,赐爵长子伯(bo)。遭忧解任(ren),寻起复本官(guan)。元晔之窃(qie)号也(ye),除通直散(san)骑侍郎(lang)。普泰元年(nian),沙汰侍官(guan),业(ye)(ye)兴仍(reng)在(zai)通直,加宁朔将军(jun)。又除征虏将军(jun)、中散(san)大夫,仍(reng)在(zai)通直。太昌初(chu),转(zhuan)散(san)骑侍郎(lang),仍(reng)以典仪之勤,特(te)赏(shang)一阶,除平东将军(jun)、光禄大夫,寻加安西将军(jun)。后以出帝登极之初(chu),预行礼(li)事,封(feng)屯(tun)留县开(kai)国子,食邑五百户。转(zhuan)中军(jun)将军(jun)、通直散(san)骑常侍。永熙三年(nian)二月,出帝释奠,业(ye)(ye)兴与魏季景、温子升、窦瑗为摘(zhai)句。后入为侍读(du)。
迁鄴之(zhi)始,起部郎中辛术奏(zou)曰:“今皇居徒御,百度(du)创始,营构一兴,必宜(yi)中制。上则宪章前代(dai),下则模写洛京。今鄴都虽旧,基址毁灭,又(you)图(tu)记(ji)参差,事(shi)宜(yi)审定(ding)。臣虽曰职司,学不稽古(gu),国家大事(shi)非(fei)敢专之(zhi)。通(tong)直散骑常侍李业兴硕(shuo)学通(tong)儒(ru),博闻多识(shi),万门千(qian)户,所(suo)宜(yi)访询。今求就之(zhi)披图(tu)案记(ji),考定(ding)是非(fei),参古(gu)杂今,折中为制,召画(hua)工并所(suo)须调度(du),具造新图(tu),申奏(zou)取定(ding)。庶经始之(zhi)日,执事(shi)无疑。”诏从之(zhi)。天平二年,除镇南(nan)将军(jun),寻为侍读。于时(shi)尚书右仆射、营构大将高隆之(zhi)被诏缮治三署乐(le)器、衣服及百戏之(zhi)属,乃奏(zou)请业兴共参其(qi)事(shi)。
四(si)年,与兼散骑常侍李谐、兼吏部郎(lang)卢(lu)元(yuan)明(ming)使萧(xiao)衍,衍散骑常侍朱异(yi)问业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“魏洛中(zhong)委粟山是南郊(jiao)邪?”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“委粟是圆(yuan)丘(qiu),非(fei)南郊(jiao)。”异(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“北(bei)间(jian)郊(jiao)、丘(qiu)异(yi)所,是用(yong)(yong)郑(zheng)义。我此中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)王义。”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“然,洛京郊(jiao)、丘(qiu)之(zhi)处专用(yong)(yong)郑(zheng)解。”异(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“若(ruo)然,女子逆(ni)降傍亲亦从郑(zheng)以不?”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此之(zhi)一(yi)事,亦不专从。若(ruo)卿此间(jian)用(yong)(yong)王义,除禫应用(yong)(yong)二十(shi)五月,何(he)以王俭丧礼(li)禫用(yong)(yong)二十(shi)七月也?”异(yi)遂不答。业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“我昨见(jian)(jian)明(ming)堂四(si)柱方(fang)(fang)屋,都(dou)无(wu)五九之(zhi)室(shi),当是裴(pei)(pei)頠所制。明(ming)堂上圆(yuan)下(xia)方(fang)(fang),裴(pei)(pei)唯除室(shi)耳。今此上不圆(yuan)何(he)也?”异(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“圆(yuan)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)说,经典(dian)无(wu)文(wen),何(he)怪于方(fang)(fang)?”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“圆(yuan)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)言(yan),出处甚明(ming),卿自不见(jian)(jian)。见(jian)(jian)卿录梁主《孝经义》亦云上圆(yuan)下(xia)方(fang)(fang),卿言(yan)岂(qi)非(fei)自相(xiang)矛(mao)盾!”异(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“若(ruo)然,圆(yuan)方(fang)(fang)竟出何(he)经?”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“出《孝经援神(shen)契》。”异(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“纬候之(zhi)书,何(he)用(yong)(yong)信(xin)也!”业(ye)兴曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿若(ruo)不信(xin),灵威仰(yang)、叶(ye)光纪之(zhi)类经典(dian)亦无(wu)出者,卿复信(xin)不?”异(yi)不答。
萧衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亲问(wen)业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“闻卿善于(yu)经义(yi),儒、玄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中何(he)(he)所通达?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):’少(shao)为(wei)书生,止(zhi)读五典(dian)(dian),至(zhi)于(yu)深义(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)辨(bian)通释。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)问(wen)《诗(shi)周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)》,王(wang)(wang)(wang)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周(zhou)公(gong),《邵南(nan)(nan)》,仁贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,系(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《邵公(gong)》。何(he)(he)名(ming)为(wei)系(xi)?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“郑注《仪礼(li)》云(yun):“昔大王(wang)(wang)(wang)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)季居于(yu)岐阳,躬(gong)行(xing)《邵南(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)王(wang)(wang)(wang)业(ye)(ye)(ye)。及文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)行(xing)今《周(zhou)南(nan)(nan)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)受(shou)(shou)命(ming)。作(zuo)邑于(yu)酆,分其(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)地,属之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)公(gong)。名(ming)为(wei)系(xi)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“若是(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)地,应自统(tong)摄(she),何(he)(he)由分封二(er)公(gong)?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“文(wen)王(wang)(wang)(wang)为(wei)诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时所化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本国,今既(ji)登九(jiu)五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊(zun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)复守诸(zhu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,故(gu)(gu)(gu)分封二(er)公(gong)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“《干卦》初称‘潜龙’,二(er)称‘见龙’。至(zhi)五‘飞(fei)龙’。初可(ke)名(ming)为(wei)虎。”问(wen)意小(xiao)(xiao)乖。业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):“学识肤浅,不(bu)(bu)(bu)足仰酬(chou)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“《尚书》‘正月(yue)上(shang)日(ri)受(shou)(shou)终文(wen)祖’,此是(shi)(shi)何(he)(he)正?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):“此是(shi)(shi)夏(xia)正月(yue)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)言何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)知(zhi),业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“案《尚书中候运行(xing)篇(pian)》云(yun)‘日(ri)月(yue)营(ying)始(shi)’,故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)夏(xia)正。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“尧(yao)(yao)(yao)时以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)何(he)(he)月(yue)为(wei)正?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):’自尧(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),书典(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)载,实所不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)云(yun):“‘寅宾出(chu)日(ri)’,即是(shi)(shi)正月(yue)。‘日(ri)中星鸟,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殷仲(zhong)春(chun)’,即是(shi)(shi)二(er)月(yue)。此出(chu)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)(dian),何(he)(he)得(de)云(yun)尧(yao)(yao)(yao)时不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)用何(he)(he)正也?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):’虽三(san)正不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,言时节(jie)者皆据夏(xia)时正月(yue)。《周(zhou)礼(li)》,仲(zhong)春(chun)二(er)月(yue)会(hui)男女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)无夫家者。虽自周(zhou)书,月(yue)亦(yi)夏(xia)时,尧(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)月(yue),亦(yi)当如(ru)此。但(dan)所见不(bu)(bu)(bu)深,无以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辨(bian)析明问(wen)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“《礼(li)》,原(yuan)壤(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母死,孔(kong)子(zi)助其(qi)(qi)沐(mu)椁(guo)。原(yuan)壤(rang)叩木而歌(ge)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):‘久矣不(bu)(bu)(bu)讬音。狸(li)首之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)班然,执女手之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卷然。’孔(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人,而与原(yuan)壤(rang)为(wei)友?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):“孔(kong)子(zi)即自解,言亲者不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)亲,故(gu)(gu)(gu)者不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)为(wei)故(gu)(gu)(gu)。”又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“原(yuan)壤(rang)何(he)(he)处人?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“郑注云(yun):原(yuan)壤(rang),孔(kong)子(zi)幼(you)少(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧。故(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)(shi)鲁人。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“孔(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人,所存(cun)必可(ke)法。原(yuan)壤(rang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao),有逆人伦,何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)存(cun)故(gu)(gu)(gu)旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)节(jie),废不(bu)(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大罪(zui)?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“原(yuan)壤(rang)所行(xing),事自彰著。幼(you)少(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao),非是(shi)(shi)今始(shi),既(ji)无大故(gu)(gu)(gu),何(he)(he)容弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?孔(kong)子(zi)深敦故(gu)(gu)(gu)旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),于(yu)理无失(shi)。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“孔(kong)子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人,何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)书原(yuan)壤(rang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,垂法万(wan)代?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此是(shi)(shi)后人所录,非孔(kong)子(zi)自制。犹合葬于(yu)防,如(ru)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei),《礼(li)记》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中动有百数。”衍(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)问(wen):“《易》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)太极,是(shi)(shi)有无?”业(ye)(ye)(ye)兴(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)对(dui)(dui)(dui):“所传(chuan)太极是(shi)(shi)有,素不(bu)(bu)(bu)玄学,何(he)(he)敢(gan)辄酬(chou)。”
还,兼(jian)散骑常侍(shi)(shi)。加中军(jun)大将军(jun)。后(hou)罢议(yi)(yi)事省(sheng),诏右仆射高隆(long)之及诸朝(chao)士与业兴等在尚(shang)书(shu)省(sheng)议(yi)(yi)定五礼(li)。兴和(he)初,又为(wei)(wei)《甲子元历》,时见施用。复预议(yi)(yi)《麟趾(zhi)新制》。武定元年,除(chu)国子祭酒,仍侍(shi)(shi)读。三年,出除(chu)太原太守。齐献武王(wang)每(mei)出征讨(tao),时有顾访(fang)。五年,齐文襄王(wang)引为(wei)(wei)中外府谘议(yi)(yi)参军(jun)。后(hou)坐事禁止。业兴乃造《九宫行棋历》,以五百(bai)为(wei)(wei)章(zhang),四千四十为(wei)(wei)部,九百(bai)八(ba)十七为(wei)(wei)斗分(fen),还以己未为(wei)(wei)元,始终(zhong)相维,不复移转(zhuan),与今历法(fa)术不同。至于(yu)(yu)气序(xu)交分(fen),景(jing)度盈缩,不异也。七年,死于(yu)(yu)禁所,年六十六。
业兴爱好(hao)坟籍(ji),鸠(jiu)集不已,手自补治,躬加题帖(tie),其家所有(you),垂将万卷。览读(du)不息,多有(you)异闻,诸儒服(fu)其渊博。性(xing)豪侠,重(zhong)意气(qi)。人有(you)急难,委之(zhi)(zhi)归命,便能容匿(ni)。与其好(hao)合,倾身无吝(lin)。若有(you)相乖忤,便即(ji)疵毁,乃至声(sheng)色,加以谤骂。性(xing)又躁隘,至于论(lun)难之(zhi)(zhi)际,高(gao)声(sheng)攘振,无儒者之(zhi)(zhi)风。每语人云“但(dan)道我好(hao),虽(sui)知妄言(yan),故胜道恶(e)。务进忌前,不顾后患,时人以此恶(e)之(zhi)(zhi)。至于学术精(jing)微,当时莫及(ji)。
子崇(chong)(chong)祖(zu),武定(ding)中(zhong),太尉外兵(bing)参军。崇(chong)(chong)祖(zu)弟遵祖(zu),太昌中(zhong),业兴传其长子伯以(yi)授之(zhi)。齐受禅,例降。
史臣曰:古语云:容体不足观,勇力不足恃,族姓不足道,先祖不足称,然而显闻四方,流声后裔者,其惟学乎。信哉斯言也。梁越之徒,笃志不倦,自求诸己,遂能闻道下风,称珍席上,或聚徒千百,或服冕乘轩,咸稽古之力也。
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