列传第四(si)十二 游雅 高闾
游雅(ya)(ya),字伯(bo)度,小名黄头,广平(ping)任(ren)人(ren)也。少好学(xue),有高(gao)(gao)才(cai)。世祖时,与渤(bo)海高(gao)(gao)允(yun)(yun)(yun)等俱(ju)知名,征(zheng)拜中(zhong)书博士、东宫内(nei)侍(shi)(shi)长(zhang),迁(qian)著作郎。使刘义隆,授散骑(qi)侍(shi)(shi)郎,赐爵广平(ping)子,加(jia)建(jian)威将军。稍迁(qian)太子少傅,领禁兵(bing),进爵为(wei)(wei)侯,加(jia)建(jian)义将军。受诏与中(zhong)书侍(shi)(shi)郎胡(hu)方回等改(gai)定律制。出(chu)为(wei)(wei)散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi)(shi)、平(ping)南将军、东雍州(zhou)刺史,假梁郡公。在(zai)任(ren)廉白,甚(shen)有惠政。征(zheng)为(wei)(wei)秘(mi)书监,委以(yi)国史之(zhi)任(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)勤著述,竟无所成。诏雅(ya)(ya)为(wei)(wei)《太华殿赋》,文多不(bu)(bu)(bu)载。雅(ya)(ya)性(xing)刚戆,好自矜诞,陵猎人(ren)物。高(gao)(gao)允(yun)(yun)(yun)重雅(ya)(ya)文学(xue),而(er)雅(ya)(ya)轻薄允(yun)(yun)(yun)才(cai),允(yun)(yun)(yun)性(xing)柔宽,不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)恨。允(yun)(yun)(yun)将婚于(yu)邢氏(shi),雅(ya)(ya)劝允(yun)(yun)(yun)娶于(yu)其(qi)族(zu),允(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从。雅(ya)(ya)曰:“人(ren)贵(gui)河间邢,不(bu)(bu)(bu)胜广平(ping)游。人(ren)自弃伯(bo)度,我自敬黄头。”贵(gui)己贱人(ren),皆此类也。允(yun)(yun)(yun)著《征(zheng)士颂》,殊为(wei)(wei)重雅(ya)(ya),事在(zai)《允(yun)(yun)(yun)传》。雅(ya)(ya)因(yin)论(lun)议(yi)长(zhang)短,忿儒者(zhe)陈奇,遂(sui)陷奇至族(zu),议(yi)者(zhe)深责之(zhi)。和(he)平(ping)二年卒。赠相州(zhou)刺史,谥曰宣侯。
子(zi)僧奴,袭(xi)爵。卒,子(zi)双(shuang)凤(feng)袭(xi)。
雅弟恆,子昙护。太和中,为(wei)中散(san),迁典寺令(ling)。后慰劳仇(chou)池,为(wei)贼所(suo)害。赠肆州刺史。
高闾,字(zi)阎士,渔阳雍奴人。五世祖(zu)原,晋安北(bei)军司、上谷太守、关中侯,有碑(bei)在蓟(ji)中。祖(zu)雅,少有令名,州别驾。父洪,字(zi)季愿,陈留王(wang)从(cong)事中郎。闾贵,乃赠宁朔将军、幽州刺史、固安贞(zhen)子。
闾(lv)(lv)早孤,少好学(xue),博(bo)综经史,文才俊(jun)伟,下笔成(cheng)章。本名驴(lv),司徒(tu)崔浩见(jian)而奇之,乃改为(wei)闾(lv)(lv)而字(zi)焉。真(zhen)君(jun)九年(nian),征拜中书博(bo)士(shi)。和平末,迁中书侍郎。高(gao)宗崩,乙浑(hun)擅权(quan),内(nei)外危(wei)惧。文明太后临朝,诛(zhu)浑(hun),引闾(lv)(lv)与(yu)中书令高(gao)允入于禁(jin)内(nei),参决大(da)政,赐爵(jue)安(an)乐子。加南(nan)中郎将(jiang),与(yu)镇南(nan)大(da)将(jiang)军尉(wei)元南(nan)赴(fu)徐州。闾(lv)(lv)先(xian)入彭(peng)城,收管籥,元表闾(lv)(lv)以(yi)本官领东(dong)徐州刺史,与(yu)张(zhang)谠对镇团城。后还京城,以(yi)功进爵(jue)为(wei)侯,加昭武将(jiang)军。
显祖传位,徙御崇(chong)光宫。闾上表颂曰:
臣闻刑制(zhi)改物者,应(ying)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣君;龌龊(chuo)顺常者,守文(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庸主。故五帝异规而化兴(xing),三王殊礼而致(zhi)治(zhi),用能宪章万祀,垂范百王,历叶(ye)所以挹其(qi)(qi)(qi)遗(yi)风,后君所以酌其(qi)(qi)(qi)轨度。伏惟(wei)太上皇帝,道光二仪(yi),明齐(qi)日(ri)月,至(zhi)德潜通,武功四暢(chang)。霜威南被,则淮徐来同(tong);齐(qi)斧北断,则猃狁覆毙(bi)。西(xi)摧三危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酋,东引肃慎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贡,荒遐(xia)款塞,九有宅心。于(yu)是从容闲览,希心玄奥;尚(shang)鼎湖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇风,崇巢由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)洁;畴咨熙载,亮采群后,爰挹大位(wei),传祚圣人。开古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)范,爰萃于(yu)一朝(chao);旷叶(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)希事,载见于(yu)今日(ri)。昔唐尧禅(shan)舜,前典大其(qi)(qi)(qi)成功;太伯(bo)让(rang)季,孔子称其(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)德。苟位(wei)以圣传,臣子一也。谨上《至(zhi)德颂》一篇(pian),其(qi)(qi)(qi)词曰(yue):
茫(mang)茫(mang)太极,悠悠遐古。三(san)皇刑制,五(wu)帝垂(chui)祜。仰察(cha)璿(xuan)玑(ji),俯鉴后(hou)土(tu)。雍容端拱,惟德是与。夏殷(yin)世传(chuan),周汉纂(zuan)烈。道(dao)(dao)风虽邈,仍诞明哲。爰(yuan)暨三(san)季,下凌上(shang)替。九服三(san)分,礼乐(le)四缺。上(shang)灵降鉴,思(si)皇反(fan)正(zheng)。乃眷有(you)魏,配(pei)天(tian)承命。功冠前(qian)王,德侔往(wang)圣。移风革(ge)俗,天(tian)保载定。于(yu)穆(mu)(mu)太皇,克广圣度。玄化外暢,惠(hui)鉴内悟。遗此崇高,挹彼冲素(su)。道(dao)(dao)映当今(jin),庆(qing)流(liu)后(hou)祚。明明我皇,承乾绍焕。比诵熙周,方文隆汉。重光丽天(tian),晨晖叠(die)旦。六府孔(kong)修,三(san)辰贞观(guan)。功均(jun)乾造(zao),云覆雨(yu)润。养之以仁,敦之以信。绥之斯和(he),动之斯震。自东(dong)徂(cu)西(xi),无(wu)思(si)不顺。祯(zhen)候并应,福禄来格。嘉谷(gu)秀町,素(su)文表石。玄鸟呈皓,醴泉流(liu)液。黄龙蜿蜿,游鳞奕(yi)奕(yi)。冲训既布,率土(tu)咸宁(ning)。穆(mu)(mu)穆(mu)(mu)四门,灼灼典刑。胜残岂远,期月有(you)成。翘(qiao)翘(qiao)东(dong)岳,庶见翠(cui)旌(jing)。先民(min)有(you)言,千载一泰。昔难其运,今(jin)易其会。沐浴淳(chun)泽(ze),被服冠带。饮和(he)陶润,载欣载赖(lai)。文以写意,功由颂宣。吉甫作歌,式(shi)昭永年。唐政缉熙,康哉垂(chui)篇。仰述(shu)徽(hui)烈,被之管弦。
高允以闾(lv)文(wen)章富逸(yi),举以自代,遂为显(xian)祖(zu)所知,数(shu)见引接,参论(lun)政治。命造《鹿苑(yuan)颂》、《北(bei)伐碑》,显(xian)祖(zu)善之(zhi)。永明(ming)初,为中书令,加给事(shi)中,委以机密。文(wen)明(ming)太后甚(shen)重闾(lv),诏令书檄,碑铭赞颂皆其(qi)文(wen)也(ye)。
太和(he)三(san)年,出(chu)师讨淮(huai)北(bei),闾表(biao)曰(yue):“伏见(jian)庙算有(you)(you)事淮(huai)海,虽成事不(bu)说,犹(you)可思量。臣以愚劣,本非武用,至于(yu)军(jun)旅,尤所(suo)不(bu)学。直以无讳之朝,敢(gan)肆狂瞽,区区短(duan)见(jian),窃有(you)(you)所(suo)疑(yi)(yi)。臣闻兵者凶器,不(bu)得已而用之。今(jin)天下开泰,四(si)(si)方无虞(yu),岂宜(yi)盛(sheng)世,干戈妄动?疑(yi)(yi)一也(ye)(ye)。淮(huai)北(bei)之城(cheng),凡有(you)(you)五处,难(nan)易相兼,皆须攻击。然攻守难(nan)图,力(li)悬(xuan)百倍,反覆思量,未见(jian)其(qi)利。疑(yi)(yi)二也(ye)(ye)。纵使如心(xin),于(yu)国无用,发兵远(yuan)入,费(fei)损转多。若不(bu)置城(cheng),是谓空(kong)争。疑(yi)(yi)三(san)也(ye)(ye)。脱不(bu)如意,当延日(ri)月,屯众聚(ju)费(fei),于(yu)何不(bu)有(you)(you)。疑(yi)(yi)四(si)(si)也(ye)(ye)。伏愿思此四(si)(si)疑(yi)(yi),时速返(fan)旆。”文(wen)明太后令(ling)曰(yue):“六军(jun)电发,有(you)(you)若摧朽,何虑四(si)(si)难(nan)也(ye)(ye)。”
迁尚(shang)书(shu)、中(zhong)书(shu)监。淮南王他奏(zou)求(qiu)依旧断禄,文(wen)明(ming)太后令召群臣(chen)议(yi)之(zhi)。闾表曰:
天(tian)生烝民(min),树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)君(jun),明君(jun)不(bu)能独(du)理,必须臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)作辅。君(jun)使臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)礼,臣(chen)(chen)事(shi)君(jun)以(yi)(yi)忠。故车服有(you)等差(cha),爵命有(you)分秩(zhi);德(de)高者则(ze)位(wei)尊(zun),任广者则(ze)禄(lu)重。下(xia)者禄(lu)足以(yi)(yi)代耕,上(shang)者俸(feng)足以(yi)(yi)行义。庶(shu)民(min)均其(qi)赋,以(yi)(yi)展奉(feng)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心;君(jun)王聚(ju)其(qi)材,以(yi)(yi)供事(shi)业(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。君(jun)班其(qi)俸(feng),垂惠则(ze)厚(hou);臣(chen)(chen)受其(qi)禄(lu),感恩则(ze)深。于是贪残之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心止,竭效之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诚笃;兆庶(shu)无侵削之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)烦(fan),百辟(pi)备(bei)礼容之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)。斯(si)则(ze)经世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明典(dian),为治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至术。自尧舜(shun)以(yi)(yi)来(lai),逮于三季,虽优劣不(bu)同,而(er)斯(si)道(dao)弗改。自中原(yuan)崩否,天(tian)下(xia)幅(fu)裂,海内未(wei)一(yi),民(min)户耗(hao)减,国用(yong)不(bu)充(chong),俸(feng)禄(lu)遂废。此(ci)则(ze)事(shi)出临时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,良(liang)非久长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。
大魏应期绍祚,照临万方,九服既和(he),八表咸谧。二圣钦(qin)明(ming)文(wen)思,道冠百代,动遵礼式,稽(ji)考旧(jiu)章,准(zhun)百王(wang)不(bu)易之(zhi)(zhi)胜法,述(shu)前(qian)圣利世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)轨;置立邻党,班(ban)宣俸禄,事设令行,于今已(yi)久;苛(ke)慝(ni)不(bu)生,上下无怨,奸巧革虑,窥(kui)觎(yu)绝(jue)心,利润之(zhi)(zhi)厚,同于天地。以斯观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi),如何可改?
又洪波奔激(ji),则(ze)堤防宜厚;奸(jian)悖充斥,则(ze)禁网须严。且饥(ji)寒切身,慈母不(bu)(bu)保(bao)其(qi)(qi)子(zi);家给人足,礼(li)让可(ke)得而生。但廉清(qing)(qing)(qing)之(zhi)人,不(bu)(bu)必(bi)皆富;丰财之(zhi)士,未(wei)必(bi)悉贤。今给其(qi)(qi)俸,则(ze)清(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)足以(yi)息其(qi)(qi)滥窃(qie),贪(tan)者(zhe)(zhe)足以(yi)感(gan)而劝善;若不(bu)(bu)班禄,则(ze)贪(tan)者(zhe)(zhe)肆其(qi)(qi)奸(jian)情,清(qing)(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)能自保(bao)。难易(yi)之(zhi)验,灼然可(ke)知,如何一朝便欲去俸?淮南之(zhi)议(yi),不(bu)(bu)亦谬乎?
诏从闾议。
高祖(zu)又引(yin)见王公(gong)已下于皇信堂,高祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“政虽多途(tu),治(zhi)归一体,朕每蒙慈训,犹自昧然(ran)。诚知(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)有损(sun)益,而(er)(er)未(wei)识其异同,恆(heng)惧忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)贞见毁(hui),佞(ning)人(ren)便进。寤寐思此(ci),如(ru)有隐忧。国彦朝贤,休戚所(suo)(suo)(suo)共,宜辨斯真伪,以(yi)(yi)释(shi)朕怀。”尚书(shu)游明(ming)根对曰(yue)(yue):“忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,实亦难(nan)知(zhi)(zhi)。依古(gu)爵人(ren),先试之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)官(guan),官(guan)定(ding)然(ran)后(hou)(hou)禄(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),三载考绩(ji),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)可明(ming)。”闾(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“窃谓(wei)(wei)袁盎彻慎(shen)夫人(ren)席,是(shi)其忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);谮杀晁错,是(shi)其佞(ning)。若以(yi)(yi)异人(ren)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),石(shi)显是(shi)佞(ning)。”高祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“自非圣人(ren),忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行,时或(huo)互(hu)有。但忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)功(gong)显即谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),佞(ning)迹成斯谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)佞(ning)。史官(guan)据成事(shi)而(er)(er)书(shu),于今(jin)观(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有别明(ming)矣。朕所(suo)(suo)(suo)问者(zhe),未(wei)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前;卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)对,已然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。”闾(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“佞(ning)者(zhe),饰智以(yi)(yi)行事(shi);忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe),发(fa)心以(yi)(yi)附道。譬(pi)如(ru)玉石(shi),皦然(ran)可知(zhi)(zhi)。”高祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“玉石(shi)同体而(er)(er)异名(ming),忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)异名(ming)而(er)(er)同理。求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于同,则得其所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)异;寻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于异,则失其所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)同。出处同异之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,交换忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佞(ning)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境,岂是(shi)皦然(ran)易明(ming)哉?或(huo)有托佞(ning)以(yi)(yi)成忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),或(huo)有假忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)饰佞(ning)。如(ru)楚(chu)子(zi)綦后(hou)(hou)事(shi)显忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),初非佞(ning)也(ye)。”闾(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“子(zi)綦谏(jian)(jian)楚(chu),初虽随(sui)述,终致忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)言(yan),此(ci)适欲几(ji)谏(jian)(jian),非为佞(ning)也(ye)。子(zi)綦若不设初权,后(hou)(hou)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)无由得显。”高祖(zu)善闾(lv)对。
闾后上表曰:
臣(chen)闻(wen)为国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,其(qi)(qi)(qi)要有(you)五:一(yi)曰(yue)文(wen)(wen)德(de),二曰(yue)武功(gong),三曰(yue)法度,四(si)曰(yue)防固(gu),五曰(yue)刑(xing)(xing)赏(shang)。故(gu)远人(ren)不(bu)服(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)修文(wen)(wen)德(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);荒狡放命,则(ze)(ze)(ze)播武功(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)威之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);民(min)未知战(zhan),则(ze)(ze)(ze)制(zhi)法度以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齐(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);暴(bao)敌轻(qing)侵,则(ze)(ze)(ze)设(she)防固(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);临事制(zhi)胜(sheng),则(ze)(ze)(ze)明刑(xing)(xing)赏(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。用能辟国宁方(fang),征伐四(si)克(ke)。北狄(di)悍愚(yu),同于(yu)(yu)(yu)禽兽,所长(zhang)(zhang)者(zhe)野(ye)战(zhan),所短者(zhe)攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所短,夺其(qi)(qi)(qi)所长(zhang)(zhang),则(ze)(ze)(ze)虽众不(bu)能成患(huan),虽来(lai)不(bu)能内逼。又狄(di)散居野(ye)泽,随逐水草(cao),战(zhan)则(ze)(ze)(ze)与家(jia)产并至,奔则(ze)(ze)(ze)与畜牧俱逃,不(bu)赍资粮而饮食足。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)人(ren)伐北方(fang),攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)侵掠(lve)而已。历代为边患(huan)者(zhe),良以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)倏(shu)忽无常(chang)故(gu)也(ye)。六镇势分,倍众不(bu)斗,互(hu)相围(wei)逼,难(nan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。昔周命南仲,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)彼朔方(fang);赵灵、秦始,长(zhang)(zhang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)筑(zhu);汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝武,踵其(qi)(qi)(qi)前(qian)事。此四(si)代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,皆(jie)帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雄杰,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同此役者(zhe),非智(zhi)术之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)长(zhang)(zhang),兵(bing)众之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足,乃防狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要事,其(qi)(qi)(qi)理宜然故(gu)也(ye)。《易》称天(tian)险不(bu)可升,地险山川丘(qiu)陵,王公设(she)险以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)守(shou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)国,长(zhang)(zhang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓欤?今宜依(yi)故(gu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)六镇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北筑(zhu)长(zhang)(zhang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)御(yu)北虏(lu)。虽有(you)暂劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤,乃有(you)永逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益,如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)成,惠(hui)及(ji)百世。即(ji)于(yu)(yu)(yu)要害,往往开门,造小(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)侧。因地却敌,多置弓弩。狄(di)来(lai)有(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可守(shou),其(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)可捍(han)。既不(bu)攻(gong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),野(ye)掠(lve)无获,草(cao)尽(jin)则(ze)(ze)(ze)走,终(zhong)必惩艾。
宜发近(jin)州武勇(yong)四万人(ren)(ren)(ren)及京(jing)师二(er)万人(ren)(ren)(ren),合六(liu)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)武士,于苑内立征(zheng)北(bei)大将军(jun)府,选忠勇(yong)有志干(gan)者以(yi)(yi)充其选。下置(zhi)官属,分(fen)为(wei)三(san)(san)军(jun),二(er)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)专(zhuan)习弓射,二(er)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)专(zhuan)习戈盾(dun),二(er)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)专(zhuan)习骑槊。修立战场,十(shi)日一(yi)(yi)习,采诸葛亮八(ba)阵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,为(wei)平地(di)(di)御寇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方,使其解兵(bing)(bing)革之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜,识旌旗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,器械精坚,必(bi)堪(kan)御寇。使将有定(ding)兵(bing)(bing),兵(bing)(bing)有常主,上下相(xiang)信,昼夜如一(yi)(yi)。七月发六(liu)部(bu)兵(bing)(bing)六(liu)万人(ren)(ren)(ren),各备戎作之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具,敕台北(bei)诸屯仓(cang)库(ku),随(sui)近(jin)作米(mi),俱(ju)送(song)北(bei)镇(zhen)(zhen)。至八(ba)月征(zheng)北(bei),部(bu)率所领,与(yu)六(liu)镇(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)(bing),直至碛南(nan),扬(yang)威(wei)漠北(bei)。狄若来(lai)拒,与(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)决战,若其不来(lai),然后(hou)散(san)分(fen)其地(di)(di),以(yi)(yi)筑长城。计六(liu)镇(zhen)(zhen)东(dong)西不过千(qian)里,若一(yi)(yi)夫一(yi)(yi)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,当三(san)(san)步之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),三(san)(san)百人(ren)(ren)(ren)三(san)(san)里,三(san)(san)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)三(san)(san)十(shi)里,三(san)(san)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)三(san)(san)百里,则千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di),强弱相(xiang)兼,计十(shi)万人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)月必(bi)就(jiu),运粮(liang)一(yi)(yi)月不足为(wei)多。人(ren)(ren)(ren)怀永(yong)逸,劳(lao)而无怨。
计筑长城,其利(li)有五(wu):罢游防之苦,其利(li)一也;北(bei)部放牧(mu),无(wu)抄掠之患,其利(li)二也;登(deng)城观敌,以逸待劳,其利(li)三也;省(sheng)境防之虞,息无(wu)时之备,其利(li)四也;岁常游运,永得不匮,其利(li)五(wu)也。
又任将之道,特须委信(xin),遣(qian)之以(yi)礼,恕之以(yi)情,阃外之事,有(you)利(li)辄决,赦其(qi)(qi)小过,要其(qi)(qi)大功,足其(qi)(qi)兵力,资其(qi)(qi)给用(yong),君(jun)臣相体,若身(shen)之使臂,然后(hou)忠勇可立,制胜可果。是(shi)以(yi)忠臣尽(jin)其(qi)(qi)心(xin),征将竭(jie)其(qi)(qi)力,虽三败而逾(yu)荣(rong),虽三背而弥宠。
诏(zhao)曰:“览表,具卿(qing)安(an)边(bian)之策。比当(dang)与(yu)卿(qing)面(mian)论一二。”
高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)又(you)引见(jian)群臣(chen),议伐(fa)蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)。帝曰(yue)(yue):“蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)前后再扰(rao)朔边。近有(you)(you)(you)(you)投(tou)化人(ren)云,敕勒渠帅(shuai)兴兵(bing)(bing)叛之(zhi),蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)主身(shen)率徒众(zhong),追(zhui)至西(xi)漠。今(jin)为(wei)应(ying)乘弊致讨,为(wei)应(ying)休兵(bing)(bing)息民(min)?”左仆(pu)射穆亮对曰(yue)(yue):“自古(gu)以(yi)来(lai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)国(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)家莫不(bu)(bu)以(yi)戎事(shi)为(wei)首。蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)子(zi)(zi)孙,袭其(qi)凶(xiong)业,频为(wei)寇扰(rao),为(wei)恶不(bu)(bu)悛(quan),自相违叛。如(ru)臣(chen)愚见(jian),宜(yi)兴军讨之(zhi),虽不(bu)(bu)顿(dun)除巢(chao)穴,且以(yi)挫其(qi)丑势。”闾曰(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)汉(han)时天下一(yi)统,故得穷(qiong)追(zhui)北狄。今(jin)南有(you)(you)(you)(you)吴寇,不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)悬军深入。”高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“先朝屡兴征伐(fa)者,以(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)未宾(bin)之(zhi)虏。朕承太平之(zhi)基(ji),何为(wei)摇动(dong)兵(bing)(bing)革?夫兵(bing)(bing)者凶(xiong)器,圣王不(bu)(bu)得已而(er)用之(zhi)。便可(ke)(ke)停也。”高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)又(you)曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)欲遣蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)使(shi)还(hai),应(ying)有(you)(you)(you)(you)书(shu)问以(yi)不(bu)(bu)?”群臣(chen)以(yi)为(wei)宜(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you),乃诏闾为(wei)书(shu)。于(yu)时蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)国(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)丧,而(er)书(shu)不(bu)(bu)叙(xu)凶(xiong)事(shi)。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“卿(qing)为(wei)中书(shu)监,职典(dian)文词,所造旨书(shu),不(bu)(bu)论彼之(zhi)凶(xiong)事(shi)。若知而(er)不(bu)(bu)作,罪在灼然;若情思不(bu)(bu)至,应(ying)谢(xie)所任。”闾对曰(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)主敦(dun)崇和亲,其(qi)子(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)遵父志,屡犯边境。如(ru)臣(chen)愚见(jian),谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)吊。”高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“敬(jing)其(qi)父则(ze)子(zi)(zi)悦,敬(jing)其(qi)君则(ze)臣(chen)悦。卿(qing)云不(bu)(bu)合吊慰(wei),是(shi)何言欤!”闾遂引愆(qian),免冠谢(xie)罪。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)谓(wei)闾曰(yue)(yue):“蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)使(shi)牟(mou)(mou)提(ti)小心恭慎,甚有(you)(you)(you)(you)使(shi)人(ren)之(zhi)礼,同行疾其(qi)敦(dun)厚,每至陵辱,恐(kong)其(qi)还(hai)北,必(bi)被(bei)谤诬(wu)。昔(xi)刘准使(shi)殷灵诞每禁下人(ren)不(bu)(bu)为(wei)非礼之(zhi)事(shi),及其(qi)还(hai)国(guo),果被(bei)谮醖(yun),以(yi)致极刑。今(jin)为(wei)旨书(shu),可(ke)(ke)明牟(mou)(mou)提(ti)忠于(yu)其(qi)国(guo),使(shi)蠕(ru)(ru)蠕(ru)(ru)主知之(zhi)。”
是年(nian)冬至,高(gao)祖(zu)、文明太(tai)后大飨群官。高(gao)祖(zu)亲舞于太(tai)后前,群臣皆舞。高(gao)祖(zu)乃歌,仍率(lv)群臣再拜上寿(shou)(shou)。闾(lv)进曰:“臣闻(wen):大夫行孝,行合一家;诸侯行孝,声著一国(guo);天子(zi)行孝,德被(bei)四海。今(jin)陛下圣性自天,敦行孝道,称觞上寿(shou)(shou),灵(ling)应无(wu)差。臣等不(bu)胜庆(qing)踊(yong),谨上千万(wan)岁寿(shou)(shou)。”高(gao)祖(zu)大悦,赐群臣帛,人三十(shi)匹。
又(you)议政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)于(yu)(yu)皇(huang)信堂,高祖曰(yue):“百揆(kui)多途,万机事(shi)(shi)猥,未周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阙,卿等宜有所(suo)(suo)(suo)陈。”闾对曰(yue):“臣伏(fu)思(si)太(tai)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)十八(ba)条之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling),及仰(yang)寻圣朝所(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing),事(shi)(shi)周(zhou)于(yu)(yu)百揆(kui),理(li)兼于(yu)(yu)庶务。孔子(zi)(zi)至圣,三(san)年(nian)有成(cheng);子(zi)(zi)产治郑,历(li)载(zai)乃就。今(jin)圣化(hua)方(fang)宣(xuan),风政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)骤改,行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)积久(jiu),自然(ran)(ran)致(zhi)治。理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)明(ming),不患事(shi)(shi)阙。又(you)为政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),终始若一(yi),民可使(shi)由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不可使(shi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)令(ling)既宣(xuan),若有不合于(yu)(yu)民者,因民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心而(er)改之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。愿(yuan)终成(cheng)其(qi)事(shi)(shi),使(shi)至教(jiao)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)行(xing)。臣反覆三(san)思(si),理(li)毕于(yu)(yu)此,不知其(qi)他。但(dan)使(shi)今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法度,必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)理(li)、必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)明(ming)、必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)行(xing)、必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)久(jiu),胜残去杀,可不远而(er)致(zhi)。”高祖曰(yue):“刑(xing)法者,王道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)用。何(he)(he)者为法?何(he)(he)者为刑(xing)?施行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,何(he)(he)先何(he)(he)后(hou)?”闾对曰(yue):“臣闻刑(xing)制立会,轨物齐(qi)众(zhong),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法;犯违(wei)制约,致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)宪,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)法必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)先施,刑(xing)必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)后(hou)著。自鞭杖已(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)至于(yu)(yu)死罪,皆(jie)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)刑(xing)。刑(xing)者,成(cheng)也(ye),成(cheng)而(er)不可改。”高祖曰(yue):“《论(lun)语》称:冉子(zi)(zi)退(tui)朝,孔子(zi)(zi)问曰(yue):‘何(he)(he)晏也(ye)?’对曰(yue):‘有政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。’子(zi)(zi)曰(yue):‘其(qi)事(shi)(shi)也(ye)。如有政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),虽不吾以,吾其(qi)与(yu)闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’何(he)(he)者是政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)?何(he)(he)者为事(shi)(shi)?”闾对曰(yue):“臣闻:政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者,君(jun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)施行(xing),合于(yu)(yu)法度,经国治民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属,皆(jie)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng);臣下奉教(jiao)承旨,作而(er)行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。然(ran)(ran)则(ze)(ze)天下大(da)同,风轨齐(qi)一(yi),则(ze)(ze)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)天子(zi)(zi);王道(dao)衰(shuai),则(ze)(ze)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)诸侯;君(jun)道(dao)缺,则(ze)(ze)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)出(chu)于(yu)(yu)大(da)夫。故(gu)《诗叙》曰(yue):‘王道(dao)衰(shuai),政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)教(jiao)失,则(ze)(ze)国异政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),家(jia)殊俗。’政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者,上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing);事(shi)(shi)者,下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)奉。”高祖曰(yue):“若君(jun)命为政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),子(zi)(zi)夏为莒(ju)父宰(zai),问政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),此应奉命而(er)已(yi),何(he)(he)得称政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)?”尚(shang)书游明(ming)根(gen)曰(yue):“子(zi)(zi)夏宰(zai)民,故(gu)得称政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。”帝善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
十四年秋,闾上表曰:
奉癸未(wei)诏书,以(yi)春夏(xia)少雨,忧饥(ji)馑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方臻(zhen),愍黎元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伤瘁,同禹(yu)汤罪己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诚,齐尧舜引咎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)。虞灾(zai)致惧(ju),询(xun)及卿士,令各(ge)上书,极陈损益。深恩被于(yu)(yu)(yu)苍生,厚惠流(liu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)后土(tu)。伏惟陛下(xia)天启圣姿,利见纂(zuan)极,钦(qin)若昊天,光(guang)格宇宙。太皇太后以(yi)叡(rui)哲赞世,稽合三才,高明(ming)柔(rou)克,道被无外。七(qi)政昭(zhao)宣于(yu)(yu)(yu)上,九功咸序于(yu)(yu)(yu)下(xia)。君人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量逾(yu)高,谦光(guang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)弥(mi)笃。修复祭仪,宗(zong)庙所以(yi)致敬;饰(shi)正器服,礼乐(le)所以(yi)宣和。增(zeng)儒官(guan)(guan)以(yi)重文德(de),简勇士以(yi)昭(zhao)武(wu)功。虑狱讼(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)息,定刑书以(yi)理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);惧(ju)蒸民以(yi)奸宄,置(zhi)邻党以(yi)穆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);究庶官(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤剧(ju),班俸禄以(yi)优之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);知(zhi)劳(lao)逸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)难均,分民土(tu)以(yi)齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。甄(zhen)忠明(ming)孝(xiao),矜贫恤独,开纳谠言,抑绝谗佞,明(ming)训(xun)以(yi)体,率土(tu)移风。虽未(wei)胜残去杀,成无为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,足以(yi)仰答(da)三灵(ling)者(zhe)矣。
臣闻(wen)皇天无(wu)私(si),降鉴在下,休咎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng),咸由人召。故帝道(dao)昌则(ze)(ze)九畴叙,君德衰而(er)彝伦斁。休瑞(rui)并应,享以(yi)五福,则(ze)(ze)康(kang)于(yu)其邦;咎征(zheng)屡臻,罚以(yi)六极,则(ze)(ze)害于(yu)其国。斯乃《洪范》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实征(zheng),神祗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明验。及其厄运(yun)所缠,世钟阳九,数乖于(yu)天理,事违于(yu)人谋,时则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。故尧汤逢(feng)历年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai),周汉(han)遭(zao)水(shui)旱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患,然立功(gong)修行,终能弭息(xi)。今考(kao)治则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)如此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,计运(yun)未有(you)(you)如彼(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害,而(er)陛(bi)下殷勤引过(guo),事迈前王。徙星澍(shu)雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng),指辰可必;消(xiao)灾(zai)灭祸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符,灼然自(zi)见。虽(sui)王畿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei),颇为(wei)少雨,关外诸方,禾稼仍茂(mao)。苟动之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)礼,绥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)和,一(yi)(yi)岁不(bu)收,未为(wei)大损(sun)。但豫备不(bu)虞,古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善政;安不(bu)忘危(wei),有(you)(you)国常(chang)典(dian)。窃以(yi)北镇(zhen)新徙,家业(ye)未就,思(si)亲恋本,人有(you)(you)愁心(xin),一(yi)(yi)朝(chao)有(you)(you)事,难以(yi)御敌。可宽其往来,颇使欣慰,开(kai)云中马城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)食以(yi)赈恤(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),足以(yi)感德,致力边境(jing)矣。明察畿甸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,饥(ji)甚者,出灵(ling)丘(qiu)下馆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粟以(yi)救其乏(fa),可以(yi)安慰孤贫,乐(le)业(ye)保土。使幽、定、安、并四(si)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)租,随运(yun)以(yi)溢其处(chu);开(kai)关弛禁,薄赋(fu)贱籴,以(yi)消(xiao)其费(fei);清道(dao)路,恣其东西,随丰逐食,贫富相赡。可以(yi)免度凶年(nian),不(bu)为(wei)患苦。
又(you)闻(wen)常士困则滥窃生(sheng),匹妇馁则慈心薄。凶俭(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)年,民(min)轻违犯,可(ke)(ke)缓其(qi)使(shi)役(yi),急其(qi)禁令(ling)。宜于(yu)未(wei)然之(zhi)(zhi)前,申敕外(wai)牧。又(you)一夫幽枉,王道为亏,京师(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)狱(yu),或(huo)恐未(wei)尽(jin)。可(ke)(ke)集见囚于(yu)都曹,使(shi)明折庶狱(yu)者(zhe),重加究(jiu)察(cha)。轻者(zhe)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)决遣,重者(zhe)定状以(yi)闻(wen)。罢(ba)非(fei)急之(zhi)(zhi)作,放无用之(zhi)(zhi)兽。此乃(nai)救(jiu)凶之(zhi)(zhi)常法,且以(yi)见忧于(yu)百姓。《论语(yu)》曰:“不(bu)患贫而患不(bu)安。”苟安而乐生(sheng),虽遭凶年,何伤于(yu)民(min)庶也。愚(yu)臣所见,如此而已。
诏曰(yue):“省表闻之,当敕有司依此施行(xing)。”
后诏(zhao)闾与太常采(cai)雅乐(le)以营(ying)金石,又领(ling)广陵王师(shi)。出除镇南将(jiang)军(jun)、相州刺(ci)史。以参定律令之(zhi)勤,赐(ci)布帛(bo)千匹、粟一(yi)千斛、牛(niu)马各三。闾上疏(shu)陈伐吴(wu)之(zhi)策,高祖纳(na)之(zhi)。迁(qian)都洛(luo)阳(yang),闾表(biao)谏,言迁(qian)有十损,必不获已(yi),请(qing)迁(qian)于鄴。高祖颇嫌之(zhi)。
萧鸾雍州刺史曹(cao)虎据襄(xiang)阳(yang)(yang)请降(jiang),诏(zhao)刘(liu)昶、薛真度等四道南伐(fa),车(che)驾亲幸悬(xuan)瓠。闾谏(jian)表(biao)曰(yue):“洛(luo)阳(yang)(yang)草创,虎既(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遣(qian)质任,必(bi)非诚心,无(wu)宜(yi)轻举。”高祖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)纳。虎果虚诈(zha),诸将皆无(wu)功(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)还。高祖攻(gong)钟离未克(ke)(ke)(ke),将于淮南修故(gu)城(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)置(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)戍(shu)(shu),以(yi)抚新(xin)附(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民,赐(ci)闾玺书,具(ju)论其(qi)(qi)状。闾表(biao)曰(yue):“南土乱亡,僭主屡易(yi)。陛(bi)下命(ming)将亲征(zheng),威(wei)陵江(jiang)左,望(wang)风慕化(hua),克(ke)(ke)(ke)拔(ba)数(shu)(shu)城(cheng),施恩布(bu)德,携(xie)民襁负,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)谓泽流(liu)边方,威(wei)惠普著矣(yi)(yi)。然元(yuan)非大(da)举,军兴后时(shi);本为(wei)(wei)迎降(jiang),戎(rong)卒实(shi)少(shao)。兵(bing)法:十则围之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),倍则攻(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所率既(ji)(ji)(ji)寡,东西悬(xuan)阔,难(nan)(nan)以(yi)并(bing)称(cheng)。伏承欲留(liu)戍(shu)(shu)淮南,招抚新(xin)附(fu)。昔(xi)世祖以(yi)回山倒海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei),步(bu)骑数(shu)(shu)十万(wan)南临(lin)瓜步(bu),诸郡(jun)尽降(jiang),而(er)(er)(er)(er)盱眙(yi)(yi)小(xiao)城(cheng),攻(gong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)弗(fu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。班(ban)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)戍(shu)(shu)一(yi)郡(jun),土不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辟一(yi)廛。夫岂无(wu)人,以(yi)大(da)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)未平(ping),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)守(shou)小(xiao)故(gu)也(ye)(ye)。堰水(shui)先塞其(qi)(qi)源,伐(fa)木必(bi)拔(ba)其(qi)(qi)本。源不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)塞,本不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拔(ba),虽翦枝竭流(liu),终不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)绝(jue)矣(yi)(yi)。寿(shou)阳(yang)(yang)、盱眙(yi)(yi)、淮阴,淮南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源本也(ye)(ye)。三镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克(ke)(ke)(ke)其(qi)(qi)一(yi),而(er)(er)(er)(er)留(liu)兵(bing)守(shou)郡(jun),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)自(zi)全明矣(yi)(yi)。既(ji)(ji)(ji)逼(bi)敌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),隔深淮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险,少(shao)置(zhi)兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)自(zi)固(gu),多留(liu)众粮运难(nan)(nan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)充。又欲修渠通漕,路必(bi)由于泗口;氵斥淮而(er)(er)(er)(er)上,须经角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)。淮阴大(da)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),舟(zhou)船素畜,敌因(yin)先积(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,以(yi)拒始行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路。若元(yuan)戎(rong)旋旆,兵(bing)士(shi)挫怯,夏雨水(shui)长,救(jiu)援实(shi)难(nan)(nan)。忠(zhong)勇虽奋,事(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)济。淮阴东接(jie)山阳(yang)(yang),南通江(jiang)表(biao),兼近江(jiang)都、海西之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,西有盱眙(yi)(yi)、寿(shou)阳(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。且安(an)土乐本,人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常情,若必(bi)留(liu)戍(shu)(shu),军还之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,恐(kong)为(wei)(wei)敌擒。何者?镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)戍(shu)(shu)新(xin)立,悬(xuan)在(zai)(zai)异(yi)境(jing),以(yi)劳御逸,以(yi)新(xin)击旧,而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)自(zi)固(gu)者,未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有也(ye)(ye)。昔(xi)彭(peng)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,既(ji)(ji)(ji)克(ke)(ke)(ke)其(qi)(qi)城(cheng),戍(shu)(shu)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)已定(ding),而(er)(er)(er)(er)思(si)叛外向者犹过数(shu)(shu)方。角(jiao)(jiao)城(cheng)蕞尔,处在(zai)(zai)淮北(bei),去(qu)淮阳(yang)(yang)十八里(li),五固(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)役,攻(gong)围历(li)时(shi),卒不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)克(ke)(ke)(ke)。以(yi)今比昔(xi),事(shi)(shi)兼数(shu)(shu)倍。今以(yi)向热,水(shui)雨方降(jiang),兵(bing)刃既(ji)(ji)(ji)交(jiao),难(nan)(nan)以(yi)恩恤。降(jiang)附(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民及(ji)诸守(shou)令(ling),亦可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)徙置(zhi)淮北(bei)。如其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然,进(jin)兵(bing)临(lin)淮,速度士(shi)卒,班(ban)师还京。踵(zhong)太武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成规,营皇居于伊洛(luo)。畜力以(yi)待敌衅(xin),布(bu)德以(yi)怀(huai)远(yuan)人,使中国清穆,化(hua)被(bei)遐裔。淮南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)镇(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),自(zi)效可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)期;天安(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)捷,指辰(chen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan)。”
车(che)驾(jia)(jia)还幸石济,闾(lv)(lv)朝于(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)宫(gong)。高(gao)祖谓闾(lv)(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“朕(zhen)往年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲决征,但兵士已(yi)集,恐为(wei)幽王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)中(zhong)止(zhi)。发洛(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,正欲至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)悬瓠,以观(guan)形势。然(ran)机(ji)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可失,遂(sui)至(zhi)淮(huai)南。而(er)彼诸将,并列州(zhou)(zhou)镇,至(zhi)无(wu)所(suo)获(huo),定(ding)由晚(wan)一月(yue)日故也(ye)(ye)。”闾(lv)(lv)对曰(yue)(yue):“人皆是其(qi)所(suo)事,而(er)非(fei)其(qi)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)事,犹犬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吠非(fei)其(qi)主。且古者(zhe)(zhe)攻战(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,倍则(ze)攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),十则(ze)围之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。圣驾(jia)(jia)亲戎,诚应大捷,所(suo)以无(wu)大获(huo)者(zhe)(zhe),良由兵少(shao)故也(ye)(ye)。且徙都(dou)者(zhe)(zhe),天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大事,今京邑甫尔,庶事草创,臣闻《诗》云‘惠此中(zhong)国(guo)(guo),以绥四(si)方。’臣愿陛下从容(rong)伊瀍,优游(you)京洛(luo),使德被四(si)海,中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)缉(ji)宁(ning),然(ran)后向化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,自然(ran)乐附。”高(gao)祖曰(yue)(yue):“愿从容(rong)伊瀍,实亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao),但未获(huo)耳。”闾(lv)(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“司马相(xiang)如临(lin)终恨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)见封禅。今虽江(jiang)(jiang)介不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宾,小贼未殄(tian),然(ran)中(zhong)州(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,略亦(yi)尽平,岂可于(yu)(yu)(yu)圣明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰,而(er)阙盛(sheng)礼。齐桓公霸(ba)诸侯,犹欲封禅,而(er)况(kuang)万(wan)乘?”高(gao)祖曰(yue)(yue):“由此桓公屈于(yu)(yu)(yu)管仲。荆扬未一,岂得如卿言(yan)也(ye)(ye)。”闾(lv)(lv)曰(yue)(yue):“汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名臣,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以江(jiang)(jiang)南为(wei)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)。且三代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)境,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能远(yuan)。”高(gao)祖曰(yue)(yue):“淮(huai)海惟扬州(zhou)(zhou),荆及(ji)衡阳惟荆州(zhou)(zhou),此非(fei)近(jin)中(zhong)国(guo)(guo)乎?”
及车驾至鄴(ye),高祖频幸(xing)其州(zhou)馆。诏曰(yue):“闾昔在中禁,有定礼正乐(le)之(zhi)(zhi)勋(xun);作(zuo)籓于州(zhou),有廉清公干之(zhi)(zhi)美。自(zi)大军停轸,庶事(shi)咸丰,可谓(wei)国之(zhi)(zhi)老成,善始令终者(zhe)也。每惟(wei)厥德,朕甚嘉(jia)焉。可赐帛五(wu)百匹(pi)(pi)、粟一(yi)(yi)千斛、马一(yi)(yi)匹(pi)(pi)、衣一(yi)(yi)袭(xi),以褒厥勤。”
闾(lv)(lv)每请本州(zhou)(zhou)以(yi)自效,诏曰:“闾(lv)(lv)以(yi)悬车(che)之(zhi)年(nian),方(fang)求衣锦。知(zhi)进(jin)忘退(tui),有尘谦德,可降(jiang)号(hao)平(ping)北将军。朝之(zhi)老成,宜(yi)遂(sui)情愿,徙授幽州(zhou)(zhou)刺史,令存劝两修,恩法(fa)并举(ju)。”闾(lv)(lv)以(yi)诸(zhu)州(zhou)(zhou)罢从事,依府置参车(che),于治体不便,表(biao)(biao)宜(yi)复旧。高祖(zu)不悦。岁余,表(biao)(biao)求致仕(shi),优(you)答不许。征为太常卿(qing)。频(pin)表(biao)(biao)陈逊,不听。又车(che)驾南讨汉阳,闾(lv)(lv)上(shang)表(biao)(biao)谏(jian)求回(hui)师,高祖(zu)不纳(na)。汉阳平(ping),赐闾(lv)(lv)玺书,闾(lv)(lv)上(shang)表(biao)(biao)陈谢。
世宗践(jian)祚(zuo),闾(lv)累(lei)表逊(xun)位。诏(zhao)(zhao)曰:“闾(lv)贞干早闻,儒(ru)雅素(su)著(zhu),出内清华,朝(chao)之俊老。以年(nian)及致仕(shi),固求辞(ci)任,宜(yi)听解宗伯,遂安(an)车(che)之礼,特加优授,崇老成之秩(zhi)。可光(guang)禄大(da)夫(fu),金(jin)印(yin)、紫绶。”使散骑(qi)常侍、兼吏部尚书邢峦就家拜授。及辞(ci),引(yin)见于东堂,赐以肴羞(xiu),访之大(da)政。以其(qi)先朝(chao)儒(ru)旧(jiu),告老永(yong)归,世宗为之流涕。诏(zhao)(zhao)曰:“闾(lv)历官六(liu)朝(chao),著(zhu)勋五纪,年(nian)礼致辞(ci),义(yi)光(guang)进退,归轩首路,感怅兼怀(huai)。安(an)驷(si)籝金(jin),汉世荣贶,可赐安(an)车(che)、几杖、舆(yu)马、缯彩、衣服、布帛,事从丰厚。百僚饯(jian)之,犹昔群(qun)公之祖二疏也。”闾(lv)进陟(zhi)北邙,上望阙表,以示恋慕之诚。景明三(san)年(nian)十月(yue),卒于家。世宗遣使吊慰,赗帛四百匹(pi)。四年(nian)三(san)月(yue),赠镇北将军、幽州刺史,谥曰文侯。
闾(lv)好为文章,军国书檄诏令碑颂铭赞百(bai)有(you)余篇,集为三十卷。其(qi)文亦高允之(zhi)(zhi)流,后称二(er)高,为当时所(suo)服(fu)。闾(lv)强果,敢直谏(jian)。其(qi)在(zai)私室,言裁闻耳,及于(yu)朝廷广众之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),则谈论锋(feng)起,人(ren)莫能敌。高祖以其(qi)文雅之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),每优(you)礼之(zhi)(zhi)。然贪褊(bian)矜慢(man)。初在(zai)中(zhong)书,好詈(li)辱诸(zhu)博士,博士、学生百(bai)有(you)余人(ren),有(you)所(suo)干(gan)求者(zhe),无不受其(qi)财(cai)货。及老为二(er)州,乃(nai)更(geng)廉俭自谨,有(you)良牧之(zhi)(zhi)誉。有(you)三子。
长子(zi)元昌,袭爵(jue)。位(wei)至辽(liao)西、博陵二郡太守。
子钦,字(zi)希(xi)叔,颇有(you)文学。莫折念(nian)生之(zhi)反也,钦随元志西讨。志败,为贼(zei)所(suo)擒,念(nian)生以为黄门郎。死于秦州(zhou)。
子穆宗,袭祖(zu)爵。兴(xing)和(he)中,定(ding)州开府祭酒。
钦(qin)弟石头、小石,皆早卒。
元昌弟定殷(yin),中垒(lei)将军、渔阳太守。卒,赠(zeng)征虏将军、安州刺史。子洪(hong)景,少有名誉。早卒。次子宣景,武定中,开府(fu)司马。
定殷弟幼成,员外郎。颇有(you)文才,性清狂,为奴所害。
闾(lv)弟悦,笃(du)志(zhi)好学,有美(mei)于(yu)闾(lv)。早卒。
史臣曰:游雅才业,亦高允之亚欤?至于陷族陈奇,斯所以绝世而莫祀也。高闾发言有章句,下笔富文彩,亦一代之伟人。故能受遇累朝,见重高祖。挂冠谢事,礼备悬舆,美矣。
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