列传第三(san)十六(liu) 高(gao)允
高允,字伯(bo)恭(gong),勃海人也。祖泰,在叔(shu)父湖(hu)《传》。父韬,少以(yi)英朗知名(ming),同郡(jun)封懿雅(ya)相(xiang)敬慕。为(wei)(wei)慕容垂太(tai)(tai)尉从事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)郎。太(tai)(tai)祖平(ping)中(zhong)(zhong)山,以(yi)韬为(wei)(wei)丞(cheng)相(xiang)参军。早卒。允少孤(gu)夙成,有(you)奇度,清河崔玄伯(bo)见而(er)异之,叹曰:“高子(zi)黄(huang)中(zhong)(zhong)内润,文(wen)明外照(zhao),必(bi)为(wei)(wei)一代(dai)伟(wei)器,但恐(kong)吾(wu)不(bu)见耳。”年(nian)十余(yu),奉祖父丧还(hai)本郡(jun),推财与二弟而(er)为(wei)(wei)沙门(men),名(ming)法净。未(wei)久而(er)罢。性好文(wen)学,担笈负书,千里就(jiu)业。博(bo)通经史天文(wen)术(shu)数,尤好《春秋公(gong)羊》。郡(jun)召功曹(cao)。
神三年(nian),世祖舅阳平(ping)(ping)王杜(du)超(chao)行(xing)征(zheng)南大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),镇(zhen)鄴,以(yi)(yi)允为(wei)从(cong)事(shi)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang),年(nian)四十余矣。超(chao)以(yi)(yi)方春(chun)而诸州囚(qiu)多不决(jue),乃表允与(yu)(yu)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang)吕(lv)熙(xi)等分诣诸州,共评(ping)狱事(shi)。熙(xi)等皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)贪秽得罪,唯(wei)允以(yi)(yi)清平(ping)(ping)获(huo)赏。府(fu)解,还(hai)家教授,受业(ye)者(zhe)千余人。四年(nian),与(yu)(yu)卢玄等俱被(bei)征(zheng),拜中(zhong)书博士。迁侍郎(lang)(lang),与(yu)(yu)太原张伟并以(yi)(yi)本官领(ling)卫大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、乐(le)(le)安(an)王范从(cong)事(shi)中(zhong)郎(lang)(lang)。范,世祖之(zhi)宠弟,西(xi)(xi)镇(zhen)长安(an),允甚有匡益,秦人称之(zhi)。寻(xun)被(bei)征(zheng)还(hai),允曾作《塞上(shang)翁诗(shi)》,有混欣(xin)戚,遗(yi)得丧之(zhi)致(zhi)。骠骑(qi)大将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、乐(le)(le)平(ping)(ping)王丕西(xi)(xi)讨上(shang)邽,复(fu)以(yi)(yi)本官参(can)丕军(jun)(jun)事(shi)。语在《丕传(chuan)》。凉州平(ping)(ping),以(yi)(yi)参(can)谋之(zhi)勋,赐爵汶阳子,加建(jian)武将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)。
后(hou)诏(zhao)允(yun)(yun)与司徒崔浩(hao)述成《国记》,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)本官领著作(zuo)郎(lang)。时浩(hao)集诸术士,考校汉(han)元以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,日(ri)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)薄蚀、五(wu)星(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)度,并识前(qian)史(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)失,别(bie)为魏(wei)历,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示允(yun)(yun)。允(yun)(yun)曰(yue):“天(tian)文历数(shu)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)空论(lun)。夫(fu)善言(yan)远者必先验(yan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)近。且汉(han)元年(nian)冬十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),五(wu)星(xing)(xing)聚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东井(jing),此(ci)(ci)乃历术之(zhi)(zhi)浅。今讥汉(han)史(shi),而不(bu)(bu)觉此(ci)(ci)谬,恐(kong)后(hou)人讥今犹今之(zhi)(zhi)讥古。”浩(hao)曰(yue):“所(suo)谬云何(he)?”允(yun)(yun)曰(yue):“案《星(xing)(xing)传(chuan)》,金水二(er)星(xing)(xing)常附日(ri)而行(xing)(xing)。冬十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),日(ri)在尾箕(ji),昏没于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)申南,而东井(jing)方出于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)寅北(bei)。二(er)星(xing)(xing)何(he)因背日(ri)而行(xing)(xing)?是史(shi)官欲神其(qi)事,不(bu)(bu)复(fu)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)理。”浩(hao)曰(yue):“欲为变(bian)者何(he)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)可(ke),君(jun)(jun)独(du)不(bu)(bu)疑三星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)聚,而怪二(er)星(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)来?”允(yun)(yun)曰(yue):“此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)空言(yan)争,宜更(geng)审之(zhi)(zhi)。”时坐者咸怪,唯东宫少傅游雅(ya)曰(yue):“高(gao)君(jun)(jun)长于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)历数(shu),当不(bu)(bu)虚也(ye)(ye)。”后(hou)岁余,浩(hao)谓允(yun)(yun)曰(yue):“先所(suo)论(lun)者,本不(bu)(bu)注心(xin),及(ji)更(geng)考究,果(guo)如(ru)君(jun)(jun)语,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian)三月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)聚于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)东井(jing),非十月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)(ye)。”又谓雅(ya)曰(yue):“高(gao)允(yun)(yun)之(zhi)(zhi)术,阳元之(zhi)(zhi)射(she)也(ye)(ye)。”众乃叹(tan)服。允(yun)(yun)虽明于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)历数(shu),初不(bu)(bu)推(tui)步,有(you)所(suo)论(lun)说。唯游雅(ya)数(shu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)灾(zai)异问允(yun)(yun),允(yun)(yun)曰(yue):“昔(xi)人有(you)言(yan),知之(zhi)(zhi)甚难(nan),既知复(fu)恐(kong)漏泄(xie),不(bu)(bu)如(ru)不(bu)(bu)知也(ye)(ye)。天(tian)下(xia)妙(miao)理至多,何(he)遽问此(ci)(ci)?”雅(ya)乃止。
寻以(yi)本官为秦王翰(han)傅(fu)。后敕以(yi)经授恭宗,甚见礼待。又(you)诏(zhao)允(yun)与侍(shi)郎公(gong)孙(sun)质、李虚、胡方(fang)回共(gong)定律令。世祖(zu)引(yin)允(yun)与论(lun)刑(xing)政,言(yan)(yan)甚称旨。因问允(yun)曰(yue):“万机之(zhi)务(wu),何(he)者为先?”是时(shi)多禁(jin)封良田(tian)(tian),又(you)京师游食(shi)者众。允(yun)因言(yan)(yan)曰(yue):“臣少也贱,所知(zhi)唯田(tian)(tian),请言(yan)(yan)农(nong)事。古人云:方(fang)一(yi)里(li)(li)则为田(tian)(tian)三(san)顷七(qi)十亩,百(bai)里(li)(li)则田(tian)(tian)三(san)万七(qi)千顷。若勤(qin)之(zhi),则亩益(yi)三(san)斗,不勤(qin)则亩损三(san)斗。方(fang)百(bai)里(li)(li)损益(yi)之(zhi)率,为粟二百(bai)二十二万斛,况以(yi)天下(xia)之(zhi)广乎(hu)?若公(gong)私有储(chu),虽遇饥年,复何(he)忧哉(zai)?”世祖(zu)善(shan)之(zhi)。遂除田(tian)(tian)禁(jin),悉以(yi)授民(min)。
初(chu),崔(cui)浩(hao)荐冀、定、相、幽、并五州之(zhi)(zhi)士数十(shi)人,各起(qi)家郡守。恭宗(zong)谓(wei)浩(hao)曰:“先(xian)召之(zhi)(zhi)人,亦州郡选也(ye),在职已久,勤劳未答。今可先(xian)补(bu)前召外任郡县,以新召者(zhe)代为(wei)郎吏。又守令(ling)宰民(min),宜使更事者(zhe)。”浩(hao)固争而遣之(zhi)(zhi)。允(yun)闻之(zhi)(zhi),谓(wei)东宫博士管(guan)恬曰:“崔(cui)公(gong)其不免乎!苟(gou)逞其非,而校胜(sheng)于(yu)上,何以胜(sheng)济?”
辽东(dong)公(gong)翟黑(hei)子有宠于世祖,奉使并州,受布千(qian)匹,事(shi)寻发觉(jue)。黑(hei)子请计于允(yun)曰:“主上问(wen)我,为(wei)首为(wei)讳(hui)乎?”允(yun)曰:“公(gong)帷(wei)幄宠臣,答诏宜(yi)实(shi)。又自告忠诚,罪必无(wu)虑。”中书侍郎崔览(lan)、公(gong)孙质等(deng)(deng)咸言首实(shi)罪不(bu)可测,宜(yi)讳(hui)之。黑(hei)子以(yi)览(lan)等(deng)(deng)为(wei)亲己,而(er)反怒允(yun)曰:“如君言,诱我死,何其不(bu)直!”遂与允(yun)绝。黑(hei)子以(yi)不(bu)实(shi)对,竟为(wei)世祖所疏,终(zhong)获罪戮。
是时,著(zhu)作令史(shi)闵湛、郄扌(shou)剽(piao)性巧(qiao)佞,为浩信待(dai)。见(jian)浩所注(zhu)《诗》、《论语》、《尚书》、《易》,遂上疏(shu),言马、郑(zheng)、王、贾虽注(zhu)述《六经》,并多疏(shu)谬,不如(ru)浩之(zhi)精(jing)微。乞收境内(nei)诸书,藏之(zhi)秘府。班浩所注(zhu),命天(tian)下(xia)习业。并求敕浩注(zhu)《礼传》,令后生得观正义(yi)。浩亦(yi)表荐(jian)湛有著(zhu)述之(zhi)才。既而(er)劝浩刊所撰国史(shi)于石,用垂不朽,欲以彰浩直笔之(zhi)迹。允闻之(zhi),谓著(zhu)作郎宗(zong)钦曰:“闵湛所营,贫寸之(zhi)间,恐为崔门万世之(zhi)祸。吾徒无类矣。”未几而(er)难作。
初,浩(hao)之(zhi)被收也(ye)(ye),允(yun)(yun)(yun)直(zhi)中(zhong)书省。恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)使(shi)东宫侍(shi)郎吴延召允(yun)(yun)(yun),仍留(liu)宿宫内。翌日(ri),恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)入奏(zou)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu),命允(yun)(yun)(yun)骖乘。至(zhi)(zhi)宫门,谓(wei)(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“入当见(jian)至(zhi)(zhi)尊,吾自(zi)导卿。脱(tuo)至(zhi)(zhi)尊有(you)(you)问,但依(yi)吾语。”允(yun)(yun)(yun)请(qing)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“为(wei)何等事也(ye)(ye)?”恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“入自(zi)知之(zhi)。”既(ji)入见(jian)帝(di)。恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“中(zhong)书侍(shi)郎高(gao)允(yun)(yun)(yun)自(zi)在臣(chen)(chen)宫,同处累年,小(xiao)心密慎(shen),臣(chen)(chen)所(suo)(suo)委悉(xi)。虽与浩(hao)同事,然允(yun)(yun)(yun)微贱(jian),制由于(yu)(yu)浩(hao)。请(qing)赦其命。”世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)召允(yun)(yun)(yun),谓(wei)(wei)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“《国书》皆崔浩(hao)作(zuo)不?”允(yun)(yun)(yun)对曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“《太祖(zu)(zu)记(ji)(ji)》,前著作(zuo)郎邓渊所(suo)(suo)撰。《先帝(di)记(ji)(ji)》及(ji)《今(jin)记(ji)(ji)》,臣(chen)(chen)与浩(hao)同作(zuo)。然浩(hao)综务处多,总裁而已。至(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)注疏,臣(chen)(chen)多于(yu)(yu)浩(hao)。”世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)大怒(nu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“此甚于(yu)(yu)浩(hao),安有(you)(you)生(sheng)路!”恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)威严重,允(yun)(yun)(yun)是(shi)小(xiao)臣(chen)(chen),迷乱失次耳。臣(chen)(chen)向备问,皆云浩(hao)作(zuo)。”世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)问:“如东宫言不?”允(yun)(yun)(yun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)才,谬参(can)著作(zuo),犯逆天(tian)威,罪应(ying)灭族(zu),今(jin)已分死(si),不敢(gan)虚妄(wang)。殿下(xia)以(yi)(yi)臣(chen)(chen)侍(shi)讲日(ri)久,哀(ai)臣(chen)(chen)乞(qi)命耳。实不问臣(chen)(chen),臣(chen)(chen)无此言。臣(chen)(chen)以(yi)(yi)实对,不敢(gan)迷乱。”世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)谓(wei)(wei)恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“直(zhi)哉!此亦人情所(suo)(suo)难,而能(neng)临死(si)不移,不亦难乎(hu)!且对君以(yi)(yi)实,贞臣(chen)(chen)也(ye)(ye)。如此言,宁(ning)失一(yi)有(you)(you)罪,宜(yi)宥之(zhi)。”允(yun)(yun)(yun)竟得(de)免。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)召浩(hao)前,使(shi)人诘(jie)浩(hao)。惶惑不能(neng)对。允(yun)(yun)(yun)事事申明,皆有(you)(you)条(tiao)理。时世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)怒(nu)甚,敕允(yun)(yun)(yun)为(wei)诏(zhao)(zhao),自(zi)浩(hao)已下(xia)、僮吏已上(shang)百(bai)二十八人皆夷五族(zu)。允(yun)(yun)(yun)持疑不为(wei),频诏(zhao)(zhao)催切。允(yun)(yun)(yun)乞(qi)更一(yi)见(jian),然后(hou)为(wei)诏(zhao)(zhao)。诏(zhao)(zhao)引前,允(yun)(yun)(yun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“浩(hao)之(zhi)所(suo)(suo)坐,若(ruo)更有(you)(you)余(yu)衅,非(fei)臣(chen)(chen)敢(gan)知。直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)犯触,罪不至(zhi)(zhi)死(si)。”世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)怒(nu),命介(jie)士执允(yun)(yun)(yun)。恭(gong)(gong)(gong)宗(zong)拜请(qing)。世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“无此人忿朕,当有(you)(you)数千(qian)口死(si)矣(yi)。”浩(hao)竟族(zu)灭,余(yu)皆身死(si)。宗(zong)钦(qin)临刑(xing),叹曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“高(gao)允(yun)(yun)(yun)其殆圣乎(hu)!”
恭宗(zong)后(hou)让允曰:“人当知机(ji),不(bu)(bu)知机(ji),学(xue)复何(he)益?当尔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),吾导(dao)卿端绪,何(he)故不(bu)(bu)从人言(yan)(yan),怒帝如此(ci)(ci)(ci)。每一(yi)念之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使人心悸。”允曰:“臣东(dong)野凡(fan)生,本无(wu)宦(huan)意(yi)。属休延之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)会,应旌(jing)弓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju),释谒凤池,仍参麟阁(ge),尸(shi)素官荣(rong)(rong),妨贤已久。夫史籍者,帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实录,将(jiang)来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炯戒,今(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)观(guan)往,后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)知今(jin)。是以(yi)言(yan)(yan)行举(ju)动,莫不(bu)(bu)备载,故人君慎焉(yan)。然浩世受(shou)殊(shu)遇,荣(rong)(rong)曜当时(shi),孤负圣恩,自贻灰灭。即浩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹,时(shi)有(you)可论。浩以(yi)蓬蒿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才,荷栋梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,在朝无(wu)謇谔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,退私无(wu)委(wei)蛇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称,私欲没其公廉,爱憎蔽其直(zhi)理(li),此(ci)(ci)(ci)浩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责也。至于书朝廷起居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迹,言(yan)(yan)国家(jia)得(de)失(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦为(wei)(wei)史之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大体,未为(wei)(wei)多违。然臣与浩实同其事,死生荣(rong)(rong)辱,义(yi)无(wu)独(du)殊(shu)。诚荷殿(dian)下大造之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慈,违心苟免,非臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。”恭宗(zong)动容称叹。允后(hou)与人言(yan)(yan),我(wo)不(bu)(bu)奉东(dong)宫导(dao)旨者,恐负翟黑子(zi)。
恭宗季年,颇亲(qin)近(jin)左右(you),营立田(tian)园,以取其(qi)利(li)。允谏曰(yue):“天(tian)(tian)地无(wu)(wu)私(si),故(gu)(gu)(gu)能覆载;王者无(wu)(wu)私(si),故(gu)(gu)(gu)能包养(yang)。昔(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明王,以至(zhi)公宰物,故(gu)(gu)(gu)藏金(jin)于(yu)(yu)山,藏珠于(yu)(yu)渊(yuan),示(shi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)以无(wu)(wu)私(si),训(xun)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)以至(zhi)俭。故(gu)(gu)(gu)美声(sheng)盈溢,千(qian)载不(bu)衰。今殿下(xia)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)储(chu)贰,四(si)海(hai)属心,言(yan)行举动,万(wan)方所则(ze)(ze)(ze),而营立私(si)田(tian),畜(chu)养(yang)鸡犬,乃至(zhi)贩(fan)酤市廛阝,与民(min)争利(li),议声(sheng)流布,不(bu)可追掩。夫(fu)(fu)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)者,殿下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)下(xia),富有四(si)海(hai),何(he)求而不(bu)获,何(he)欲而弗(fu)从?而与贩(fan)夫(fu)(fu)贩(fan)妇竞此(ci)尺寸。昔(xi)(xi)虢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将亡(wang)(wang),神乃下(xia)降,赐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土田(tian),卒丧(sang)(sang)其(qi)国(guo)。汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵(ling)帝(di),不(bu)修人(ren)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,好与宫人(ren)列肆(si)贩(fan)卖(mai),私(si)立府藏,以营小(xiao)利(li),卒有颠覆倾乱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祸。前鉴若此(ci),甚可畏惧。夫(fu)(fu)为人(ren)君者,必(bi)审于(yu)(yu)择人(ren)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)称知人(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)哲,惟帝(di)难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《商书(shu)》云(yun):‘无(wu)(wu)迩(er)小(xiao)人(ren)’。孔父有云(yun):小(xiao)人(ren)近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)逊,远之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)怨矣。武王爱周、邵、齐、毕(bi),所以王天(tian)(tian)下(xia)。殷纣爱飞廉、恶来(lai),所以丧(sang)(sang)其(qi)国(guo)。历观古今存亡(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,莫(mo)不(bu)由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。今东宫诚曰(yue)乏人(ren),俊乂不(bu)少。顷(qing)来(lai)侍御左右(you)者,恐非(fei)在朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)选(xuan)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)愿殿下(xia)少察愚言(yan),斥(chi)出佞邪,亲(qin)近(jin)忠良,所在田(tian)园,分给贫下(xia),畜(chu)产贩(fan)卖(mai),以时收散。如此(ci)则(ze)(ze)(ze)休声(sheng)日(ri)至(zhi),谤(bang)议可除。”恭宗不(bu)纳。
恭宗之崩也,允(yun)久不(bu)进见(jian)。后(hou)世(shi)祖(zu)召,允(yun)升(sheng)阶(jie)歔欷(xi),悲(bei)不(bu)能止。世(shi)祖(zu)流泪,命允(yun)使出。左右莫知其故(gu),相谓(wei)曰(yue):“高允(yun)无何悲(bei)泣(qi),令(ling)至尊哀伤(shang)(shang),何也?”世(shi)祖(zu)闻之,召而(er)谓(wei)曰(yue):“汝不(bu)知高允(yun)悲(bei)乎?”左右曰(yue):“臣(chen)等见(jian)允(yun)无言而(er)泣(qi),陛下为之悲(bei)伤(shang)(shang),是(shi)以窃言耳。”世(shi)祖(zu)曰(yue):“崔浩诛时,允(yun)亦应死,东宫苦(ku)谏,是(shi)以得免。今无东宫,允(yun)见(jian)朕因悲(bei)耳。”
允表曰:“往(wang)年被(bei)敕(chi),令臣(chen)集天文(wen)灾(zai)异(yi)(yi)(yi),使事(shi)(shi)类相从,约(yue)而(er)(er)可观。臣(chen)闻箕(ji)子陈谟而(er)(er)《洪(hong)(hong)范(fan)》作,宣尼述史而(er)(er)《春秋(qiu)》著,皆(jie)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)章(zhang)明列辟,景测皇天者也。故先其善恶而(er)(er)验以(yi)(yi)灾(zai)异(yi)(yi)(yi),随(sui)其失(shi)得而(er)(er)效以(yi)(yi)祸(huo)福,天人诚远,而(er)(er)报速如响(xiang),甚(shen)可惧也。自古(gu)帝王莫不(bu)(bu)尊崇其道(dao)而(er)(er)稽(ji)其法数(shu),以(yi)(yi)自修饬。厥后(hou)史官并载其事(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)为鉴诫。汉(han)(han)成帝时,光禄大夫刘(liu)向见(jian)汉(han)(han)祚将危(wei),权归外(wai)戚,屡陈妖眚而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)见(jian)纳(na)。遂因《洪(hong)(hong)范(fan)》、《春秋(qiu)》灾(zai)异(yi)(yi)(yi)报应者而(er)(er)为其传,觊以(yi)(yi)感(gan)悟人主,而(er)(er)终不(bu)(bu)听察,卒以(yi)(yi)危(wei)亡(wang)。岂不(bu)(bu)哀哉(zai)!伏惟陛(bi)下神(shen)武则天,睿鉴自远,钦若稽(ji)古(gu),率由旧章(zhang),前言(yan)往(wang)行(xing),靡不(bu)(bu)究鉴,前皇所(suo)不(bu)(bu)逮也。臣(chen)学不(bu)(bu)洽(qia)闻,识(shi)见(jian)寡薄,惧无以(yi)(yi)裨广圣(sheng)听,仰(yang)酬明旨(zhi)。今(jin)谨依《洪(hong)(hong)范(fan)传》、《天文(wen)志》撮其事(shi)(shi)要,略其文(wen)辞,凡为八篇(pian)。”世祖(zu)览而(er)(er)善之,曰:“高允之明灾(zai)异(yi)(yi)(yi),亦(yi)岂减崔浩乎?”及高宗即(ji)位,允颇有谋焉。司徒陆丽等皆(jie)受(shou)重赏,允既不(bu)(bu)蒙褒(bao)异(yi)(yi)(yi),又终身不(bu)(bu)言(yan)。其忠(zhong)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)伐,皆(jie)此(ci)类也。
给事中郭(guo)善(shan)明,性多(duo)机巧(qiao),欲(yu)逞(cheng)其(qi)(qi)能,劝高(gao)(gao)宗大起宫室(shi)。允谏曰:“臣闻(wen)太祖道武皇帝既定天下,始建都邑(yi)。其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)营立,非因农(nong)隙,不有所(suo)(suo)兴。今建国已久,宫室(shi)已备,永安前殿(dian)足以(yi)朝会(hui)万(wan)(wan)(wan)国,西堂温(wen)室(shi)足以(yi)安御圣(sheng)躬,紫楼临望可以(yi)观望远(yuan)近。若广修壮丽为异观者,宜渐致(zhi)之,不可仓卒(zu)。计斫材(cai)运土及诸杂役须二万(wan)(wan)(wan)人,丁(ding)夫充作(zuo),老小供饷,合(he)四(si)万(wan)(wan)(wan)人,半年可讫。古人有言:一夫不耕,或受其(qi)(qi)饥;一妇(fu)不织,或受其(qi)(qi)寒。况数(shu)万(wan)(wan)(wan)之众(zhong),其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)损(sun)废(fei),亦以(yi)多(duo)矣。推(tui)之于古,验之于今,必然之效也。诚圣(sheng)主所(suo)(suo)宜思量。”高(gao)(gao)宗纳(na)之。
允(yun)以高宗纂承平之业,而风俗仍旧(jiu),婚娶(qu)丧葬(zang),不(bu)依古式,允(yun)乃谏(jian)曰:
前朝之世,屡发明诏,禁诸婚(hun)娶(qu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)作乐,及(ji)葬送之日歌谣、鼓舞、杀(sha)牲、烧(shao)葬,一切禁断。虽条旨久颁,而俗(su)不(bu)(bu)(bu)革变。将由居上(shang)者(zhe)未能悛改(gai),为下者(zhe)习(xi)以成俗(su),教(jiao)化(hua)陵(ling)迟,一至于斯。昔周文(wen)以百里(li)之地,修德布政,先(xian)于寡妻(qi),及(ji)于兄弟,以至家(jia)邦,三分天下而有其二。明为政者(zhe)先(xian)自近始。《诗》云:“尔(er)之教(jiao)矣,民胥效(xiao)矣。”人君举(ju)动,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)慎。
《礼》云(yun):嫁女之家(jia),三日不(bu)息(xi)烛(zhu);娶妇之家(jia),三日不(bu)举乐。今诸(zhu)王(wang)纳室,皆乐部给伎(ji)以为嬉(xi)戏,而独禁(jin)细民,不(bu)得作乐,此一异也。
古之(zhi)(zhi)婚(hun)者,皆(jie)拣择(ze)德义之(zhi)(zhi)门,妙选(xuan)贞闲之(zhi)(zhi)女(nv),先之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)媒(mei)娉,继之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)礼(li)物,集僚友以(yi)重其别,亲御(yu)轮以(yi)崇其敬,婚(hun)姻(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)际,如(ru)此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)难。今(jin)诸王(wang)十五,便赐(ci)妻别居(ju)。然所配者,或长少差舛,或罪入掖(ye)庭,而作(zuo)合宗王(wang),妃嫔籓懿。失礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen),无(wu)复此(ci)过。往年及今(jin),频有(you)检劾。诚是(shi)诸王(wang)过酒(jiu)致(zhi)责(ze),迹其元起,亦由色衰相弃,致(zhi)此(ci)纷(fen)纭。今(jin)皇子娶妻,多出宫掖(ye),令(ling)天下小民,必依礼(li)限,此(ci)二(er)异(yi)也(ye)。
万物之(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng),靡不(bu)有死(si),古先哲王,作(zuo)为礼(li)制,所以养(yang)生(sheng)送死(si),折诸人情。若毁(hui)生(sheng)以奉死(si),则(ze)圣人所禁也。然葬(zang)(zang)者(zhe)(zhe)藏也,死(si)者(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可再见(jian),故深(shen)藏之(zhi)(zhi)。昔尧葬(zang)(zang)谷林(lin),农(nong)不(bu)易亩(mu);舜葬(zang)(zang)苍梧,市不(bu)改肆。秦始皇作(zuo)为地市,下(xia)(xia)固三泉,金玉宝(bao)货不(bu)可计(ji)数,死(si)不(bu)旋踵,尸焚(fen)墓(mu)掘。由此(ci)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi),尧舜之(zhi)(zhi)俭,始皇之(zhi)(zhi)奢,是非可见(jian)。今(jin)国家营葬(zang)(zang),费损巨亿,一旦焚(fen)之(zhi)(zhi),以为灰烬。苟靡费有益(yi)于亡者(zhe)(zhe),古之(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)奚独不(bu)然?今(jin)上(shang)为之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)辍,而禁下(xia)(xia)民之(zhi)(zhi)必止,此(ci)三异也。
古者祭必立尸,序其昭穆,使亡者有凭(ping),致食(shi)飨(xiang)之(zhi)礼。今已(yi)葬之(zhi)魂,人(ren)直求貌类者事(shi)之(zhi)如父母(mu),燕(yan)好如夫妻,损败(bai)风化(hua),渎(du)乱情礼,莫(mo)此(ci)之(zhi)甚。上未禁之(zhi),下不改绝,此(ci)四异也。
夫飨(xiang)者,所以定礼(li)仪,训万国,故圣王重之(zhi)。至(zhi)乃爵(jue)盈而(er)不饮,肴乾(qian)而(er)不食,乐(le)非(fei)雅声则(ze)不奏,物非(fei)正色则(ze)不列。今之(zhi)大会,内外相混(hun),酒醉喧譊,罔有(you)仪式。又俳(pai)优鄙艺(yi),污(wu)辱视听(ting)。朝庭积习(xi)以为美,而(er)责(ze)风俗之(zhi)清(qing)纯,此五异(yi)也。
今陛下当(dang)百王之末,踵晋乱之弊,而不矫然厘改,以厉颓俗,臣恐天下苍(cang)生,永不闻见礼教矣。
允(yun)言如(ru)此非一,高宗(zong)从容听(ting)之。或有触迕,帝(di)所不(bu)忍(ren)闻者(zhe),命左右扶出(chu)。事有不(bu)便,允(yun)辄(zhe)求见,高宗(zong)知允(yun)意,逆屏左右以待之。礼敬甚(shen)重,晨(chen)入暮出(chu),或积日居中,朝(chao)臣莫知所论。
或有上事陈得失(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),高宗(zong)省而(er)(er)谓群臣曰(yue)(yue):“君父一也。父有是(shi)非,子(zi)何为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作书于人(ren)中谏(jian)之,使(shi)人(ren)知恶(e),而(er)(er)于家内隐处也?岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)父亲,恐恶(e)彰(zhang)于外也?今(jin)国(guo)家善(shan)恶(e),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能面陈而(er)(er)上表显谏(jian),此(ci)岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)彰(zhang)君之短,明(ming)己之美?至(zhi)如高允(yun)(yun)者(zhe)(zhe),真忠臣矣。朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)有是(shi)非,常(chang)正言面论,至(zhi)朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乐闻者(zhe)(zhe),皆侃侃言说(shuo),无所(suo)(suo)避(bi)就。朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)闻其(qi)过,而(er)(er)天下不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知其(qi)谏(jian),岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忠乎!汝等在左右,曾不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)闻一正言,但(dan)伺朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)喜时求官(guan)(guan)乞(qi)职(zhi)。汝等把弓(gong)刀侍朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)左右,徒(tu)(tu)立劳耳,皆至(zhi)公王。此(ci)人(ren)把笔(bi)匡我国(guo)家,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)过作郎。汝等不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)愧乎?”于是(shi)拜(bai)允(yun)(yun)中书令,著作如故。司徒(tu)(tu)陆丽曰(yue)(yue):“高允(yun)(yun)虽蒙宠待,而(er)(er)家贫布(bu)衣,妻(qi)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)立。”高宗(zong)怒曰(yue)(yue):“何不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先言!今(jin)见朕(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)用之,方言其(qi)贫。”是(shi)日幸允(yun)(yun)第,惟草屋数间,布(bu)被缊袍,厨中盐菜而(er)(er)已。高宗(zong)叹息曰(yue)(yue):“古人(ren)之清贫岂(qi)有此(ci)乎!”即赐帛五百(bai)(bai)匹、粟千(qian)斛,拜(bai)长子(zi)忱为(wei)(wei)绥远将(jiang)军(jun)、长乐太(tai)守。允(yun)(yun)频(pin)表固让,高宗(zong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许。初与允(yun)(yun)同征(zheng)游雅等多至(zhi)通官(guan)(guan)封侯,及允(yun)(yun)部下吏百(bai)(bai)数十(shi)人(ren)亦至(zhi)刺史二(er)千(qian)石,而(er)(er)允(yun)(yun)为(wei)(wei)郎二(er)十(shi)七年不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)徙官(guan)(guan)。时百(bai)(bai)官(guan)(guan)无禄,允(yun)(yun)常(chang)使(shi)诸子(zi)樵(qiao)采自(zi)给。
初,尚书窦瑾坐事诛(zhu),瑾子遵(zun)亡在(zai)山泽(ze),遵(zun)母焦没(mei)入县官(guan)(guan)。后焦以(yi)(yi)老(lao)得(de)免,瑾之亲故(gu),莫有恤者。允(yun)愍(min)焦年(nian)老(lao),保护在(zai)家(jia)。积六年(nian),遵(zun)始蒙赦。其(qi)笃行(xing)如此(ci)。转太(tai)常卿,本官(guan)(guan)如故(gu)。允(yun)上《代都赋》,因以(yi)(yi)规讽(feng),亦《二京》之流也(ye)。文多(duo)不(bu)载。时中书博(bo)士索敞(chang)与侍(shi)郎傅默(mo)、梁祚论(lun)名字贵贱,著(zhu)(zhu)议纷纭。允(yun)遂著(zhu)(zhu)《名字论(lun)》以(yi)(yi)释其(qi)惑,甚有典证。复(fu)以(yi)(yi)本官(guan)(guan)领秘书监(jian),解太(tai)常卿,进爵梁城侯,加左将军。
初,允与游(you)(you)雅及太原张伟同业相友(you),雅尝(chang)论(lun)允曰:“夫喜(xi)怒(nu)者(zhe)(zhe),有(you)生所(suo)不(bu)能无(wu)(wu)也(ye)。而前史(shi)载卓公宽(kuan)中,文饶洪量,褊(bian)心(xin)者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弗信。余与高(gao)子(zi)(zi)游(you)(you)处四(si)十年矣(yi),未尝(chang)见其是非(fei)愠喜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,不(bu)亦(yi)信哉。高(gao)子(zi)(zi)内文明而外柔弱,其言(yan)呐呐不(bu)能出口(kou),余常呼为‘文子(zi)(zi)’。崔(cui)公谓余云(yun):‘高(gao)生丰才博学,一代佳士,所(suo)乏者(zhe)(zhe)矫矫风节耳。’余亦(yi)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。司徒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谴,起于(yu)(yu)纤(xian)微,及于(yu)(yu)诏责,崔(cui)公声嘶股战不(bu)能言(yan),崇(chong)钦已下(xia)伏(fu)地流汗,都无(wu)(wu)人色。高(gao)子(zi)(zi)敷(fu)陈事理(li),申释(shi)是非(fei),辞义清辩,音韵高(gao)亮。明主为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)动容,听者(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)称善。仁及僚友(you),保兹元吉,向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)谓矫矫者(zhe)(zhe),更在斯乎?崇(chong)爱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)势也(ye),威(wei)振四(si)海。尝(chang)召百(bai)司于(yu)(yu)都坐(zuo),王公以下(xia),望(wang)庭毕拜,高(gao)子(zi)(zi)独(du)升阶(jie)长(zhang)(zhang)揖。由此(ci)观之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),汲长(zhang)(zhang)孺可(ke)卧(wo)见卫青,何抗礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)!向之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)谓风节者(zhe)(zhe),得不(bu)谓此(ci)乎?知(zhi)人固(gu)不(bu)易,人亦(yi)不(bu)易知(zhi)。吾(wu)(wu)既失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)心(xin)内,崔(cui)亦(yi)漏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)形外。钟期止听于(yu)(yu)伯(bo)牙(ya),夷吾(wu)(wu)见明于(yu)(yu)鲍(bao)叔(shu),良有(you)以也(ye)。”其为人物所(suo)推如(ru)此(ci)。
高(gao)宗重允,常(chang)不名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),恆呼为(wei)“令(ling)公”。“令(ling)公”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号,播(bo)于(yu)四远(yuan)矣。高(gao)宗崩(beng),显祖(zu)居谅(liang)暗(an),乙浑专(zhuan)擅朝(chao)命,谋(mou)危社稷。文(wen)明太后诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),引(yin)允禁中(zhong),参(can)(can)决大(da)(da)政。又诏(zhao)允曰:“自顷以(yi)(yi)来,庠序(xu)不建,为(wei)日久(jiu)矣。道(dao)肆陵迟,学(xue)(xue)(xue)业(ye)(ye)(ye)遂(sui)废,子衿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)叹(tan),复见于(yu)今。朕既篡统(tong)大(da)(da)业(ye)(ye)(ye),八(ba)表晏(yan)宁(ning),稽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧(jiu)典(dian),欲(yu)置(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)官于(yu)郡(jun)国,使(shi)进(jin)修(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)业(ye)(ye)(ye),有所(suo)津寄(ji)。卿儒(ru)宗元(yuan)老,朝(chao)望旧(jiu)德(de),宜与中(zhong)、秘二(er)(er)省(sheng)参(can)(can)议(yi)以(yi)(yi)闻(wen)。”允表曰:“臣(chen)闻(wen)经纶大(da)(da)业(ye)(ye)(ye),必(bi)以(yi)(yi)教(jiao)养为(wei)先;咸秩九畴,亦(yi)由文(wen)德(de)成务。故辟雍光(guang)(guang)于(yu)周诗,泮宫(gong)显于(yu)《鲁颂(song)》。自永嘉以(yi)(yi)来,旧(jiu)章殄灭。乡闾芜没《雅颂(song)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声,京邑杜绝释奠(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。道(dao)业(ye)(ye)(ye)陵夷,百(bai)五十(shi)载。仰(yang)惟先朝(chao)每(mei)欲(yu)宪章昔(xi)典(dian),经阐素风,方事(shi)尚殷,弗遑克复。陛下钦(qin)明文(wen)思(si),纂成洪烈,万(wan)国咸宁(ning),百(bai)揆时叙。申祖(zu)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗志,兴(xing)周礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绝业(ye)(ye)(ye),爰发(fa)德(de)音,惟新文(wen)教(jiao)。搢(jin)绅(shen)黎献(xian),莫不幸甚(shen)。臣(chen)承旨敕,并集二(er)(er)省(sheng),披览(lan)史籍,备究典(dian)纪,靡不敦儒(ru)以(yi)(yi)劝其(qi)(qi)(qi)业(ye)(ye)(ye),贵学(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)(yi)笃其(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)。伏思(si)明诏(zhao),玄同古义。宜如圣旨,崇建学(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)以(yi)(yi)厉(li)风俗。使(shi)先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),光(guang)(guang)演于(yu)明时;郁郁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音,流闻(wen)于(yu)四海。请制大(da)(da)郡(jun)立(li)(li)(li)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、助教(jiao)四人(ren)(ren)(ren)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)(yi)百(bai)人(ren)(ren)(ren),次郡(jun)立(li)(li)(li)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、助教(jiao)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)八(ba)十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),中(zhong)郡(jun)立(li)(li)(li)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、助教(jiao)二(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)六十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),下郡(jun)立(li)(li)(li)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、助教(jiao)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)四十(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)取(qu)博(bo)(bo)关经典(dian)、世履忠清、堪(kan)为(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)师(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),年限四十(shi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。助教(jiao)亦(yi)与博(bo)(bo)士(shi)(shi)同,年限三十(shi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。若道(dao)业(ye)(ye)(ye)夙成,才任(ren)教(jiao)授,不拘年齿。学(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)取(qu)郡(jun)中(zhong)清望、人(ren)(ren)(ren)行修(xiu)(xiu)谨、堪(kan)循名教(jiao)者(zhe)(zhe),先尽高(gao)门,次及中(zhong)第。”显祖(zu)从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。郡(jun)国立(li)(li)(li)学(xue)(xue)(xue),自此始也(ye)。
后允(yun)以(yi)老疾,频上表乞骸骨,诏不许。于是乃著(zhu)《告老诗》。又以(yi)昔(xi)岁同征,零(ling)落将尽,感逝怀(huai)人,作(zuo)《征士颂(song)》,盖(gai)止(zhi)于应命者,其有命而(er)不至,则阙焉。群贤(xian)之行,举其梗(geng)概矣。今著(zhu)之于下:
中书侍郎、固安伯范阳卢玄子真
郡功曹(cao)史博陵崔绰(chuo)茂(mao)祖
河(he)内(nei)太守、下乐侯(hou)广宁燕崇(chong)玄略
上党太守、高邑侯广宁常陟(zhi)公山(shan)
征(zheng)南大将军(jun)从事中(zhong)郎勃海高(gao)毗子(zi)翼
征(zheng)南大(da)将军从事中(zhong)郎勃海李钦道赐
河西太守、饶阳(yang)子博陵许堪祖根
中书郎、新丰侯京兆(zhao)杜铨士衡
征(zheng)西(xi)大(da)将军从事中郎(lang)京兆韦阆(lang)友(you)规
京兆太守赵郡李诜令(ling)孙(sun)
太常博士、钜鹿公赵郡李(li)灵虎符
中书郎中、即丘子赵(zhao)郡(jun)李(li)遐(xia)仲(zhong)熙
营(ying)州刺史、建安公太原张传(chuan)仲业
辅国大将军从(cong)事中郎范阳祖迈
征(zheng)东大将军从事中郎范阳祖(zu)侃士伦
东郡太(tai)守、蒲县子(zi)中山刘策
濮阳太守、真定子常(chang)山(shan)许琛
行司隶校尉(wei)、中都侯西(xi)河宋宣道茂
中书郎燕郡刘遐彦鉴
中书(shu)郎、武恆子河间邢颖宗敬
沧水(shui)太守、浮阳(yang)侯勃海(hai)高济叔民
太平(ping)太守、平(ping)原子雁门李(li)熙士元(yuan)
秘书监(jian)、梁郡(jun)公广平游(you)雅伯度(du)
廷尉(wei)正(zheng)、安平子博(bo)陵崔(cui)建兴(xing)祖(zu)
广平太守(shou)、列人侯西河宋愔
州主簿长乐潘天符
郡功曹长乐杜熙
征东大(da)将军(jun)从事中郎中山张(zhang)纲
中书郎上谷张诞叔术
秘书郎雁门王道雅
秘书郎雁门闵弼
卫大将军从事中(zhong)郎中(zhong)山郎苗(miao)
大司马从事中(zhong)郎上谷侯(hou)辩
陈留(liu)郡(jun)太守、高(gao)邑子赵郡(jun)吕(lv)季才
夫百王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)御(yu)士(shi)(shi)也,莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)资伏群才,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)隆治道。故周文以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)多士(shi)(shi)克宁,汉(han)武以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得贤(xian)(xian)为(wei)(wei)盛。此(ci)载(zai)籍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所记(ji)(ji),由(you)来(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常义。魏自神已(yi)(yi)后,宇内平定,诛赫(he)连(lian)积世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僭,扫穷发(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)羁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇,南摧(cui)江楚,西荡凉域(yu),殊方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,慕义而(er)至。于(yu)是偃兵息甲,修立文学,登延(yan)俊造(zao),酬谘政事(shi)。梦想贤(xian)(xian)哲,思(si)遇其人(ren),访诸有司(si),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求名(ming)士(shi)(shi)。咸称(cheng)范阳卢玄(xuan)等四十二人(ren),皆冠冕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胄,著问州(zhou)邦,有羽仪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。亲发(fa)明诏,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)征(zheng)玄(xuan)等。乃旷(kuang)官以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)待(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),悬(xuan)爵(jue)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)縻(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其就命三十五人(ren),自余依例(li)州(zhou)郡所遣者不(bu)(bu)(bu)可称(cheng)记(ji)(ji)。尔乃髦士(shi)(shi)盈朝(chao),而(er)济济之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)兴(xing)焉(yan)。昔与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俱蒙(meng)斯举,或从容(rong)廊庙,或游集私门,上(shang)谈公务,下尽(jin)(jin)忻娱(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)千载(zai)一时(shi),始于(yu)此(ci)矣(yi)。日月推(tui)移(yi),吉凶代谢,同征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),凋歼殆(dai)尽(jin)(jin)。在(zai)(zai)者数(shu)子,然复(fu)分(fen)张(zhang)。往昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忻,变为(wei)(wei)悲(bei)戚。张(zhang)仲(zhong)业东临营州(zhou),迟其还返,一叙于(yu)怀,齐衿于(yu)垂殁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)年,写情于(yu)桑榆(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末。其人(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)幸,复(fu)至殒殁。在(zai)(zai)朝(chao)者皆后进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)(shi),居里者非畴昔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren),进(jin)涉无寄心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所,出入无解颜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。顾省(sheng)形骸,所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)永叹(tan)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi)。夫颂(song)者美(mei)盛德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形容(rong),亦可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)长言寄意。不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)文二十年矣(yi),然事(shi)切于(yu)心,岂可默乎(hu)?遂(sui)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂(song),词曰(yue):
紫气干霄,群雄乱夏,王(wang)袭徂征,戎(rong)车屡(lv)驾(jia)。扫荡游氛,克剪妖霸(ba),四(si)海从风,八垠渐化(hua)。政(zheng)教(jiao)无外,既宁且一(yi),偃(yan)武橐兵(bing),唯文是恤。帝乃旁求,搜贤举逸(yi),岩隐投竿(gan),异人并出。
亹癖卢(lu)生(sheng),量(liang)远思纯(chun),钻道(dao)据(ju)德,游艺依仁。旌(jing)弓既招,释褐投巾,摄齐(qi)升(sheng)堂,嘉谋日陈。自东徂(cu)南,跃(yue)马驰轮,僭冯影附,刘以和(he)亲。
茂(mao)祖茕单,夙(su)离不(bu)造,克己勉(mian)躬,聿隆家道。敦心(xin)《六经》,游思文藻,终辞宠命,以之自保。
燕、常笃信(xin),百行(xing)靡(mi)遗,位不苟进,任理(li)栖迟。居冲守约,好让善推,思贤乐古,如(ru)渴如(ru)饥。
子翼致远(yuan),道赐(ci)悟(wu)深,相期以义,相和若琴。并参(can)幕府,俱发德音,优游卒岁,聊以寄心。
祖(zu)根(gen)运会(hui),克(ke)光(guang)厥猷,仰缘(yuan)朝恩,俯因德友。功虽后(hou)建,禄实先受,班(ban)同(tong)旧臣(chen),位并群(qun)后(hou)。
士衡孤立(li),内(nei)省靡疚,言(yan)不崇华,交不遗旧。以(yi)产则贫,论(lun)道则富(fu),所(suo)谓伊人,实(shi)邦之秀。
卓矣友规,禀兹淑亮(liang),存彼(bi)大方,摈此细让。神与理(li)冥(ming),形随流浪,虽(sui)屈王(wang)侯,莫(mo)废其尚。
赵实名(ming)区(qu),世多(duo)奇士,山(shan)岳(yue)所钟(zhong),挺生三李。矫(jiao)矫(jiao)清风,抑(yi)抑(yi)容止,初九而潜,望云而起。诜(shen)尹西(xi)都(dou),灵惟(wei)作传,垂训皇宫,载(zai)理云雾(wu)。熙(xi)虽中(zhong)夭,迹阶(jie)郎署,余尘可挹(yi),终亦显(xian)著。
仲业渊(yuan)长,雅性清到,宪章古(gu)式,绸缪典诰。时(shi)值险难,常一其(qi)操。纳众以仁,训下以孝,化(hua)被龙川(chuan),民归其(qi)教。
迈则英贤(xian),侃亦称选,闻(wen)达邦家,名行素显。志在兼济,岂伊独善,绳(sheng)匠弗顾,功不获展。
刘、许(xu)履忠(zhong),竭力致躬,出(chu)能骋说,入献其功。輶(you)轩一举,挠燕下崇,名彰魏世,享(xiang)业亦隆。
道茂夙成,弱冠播名,与朋以(yi)信,行物以(yi)诚。怡(yi)怡(yi)昆(kun)弟,穆(mu)(mu)穆(mu)(mu)家庭,发响九皋(gao),翰飞紫(zi)冥。频在省闼,亦司于(yu)京,刑(xing)以(yi)之(zhi)中,政以(yi)之(zhi)平(ping)。
猗欤彦鉴,思参文雅,率(lv)性任真,器成非假。靡(mi)矜于高(gao),莫耻于下,乃谢朱门,归迹林(lin)野。
宗敬(jing)延(yan)誉,号为四俊(jun),华藻云(yun)飞,金(jin)声夙振。中遇(yu)沈(shen)彖,赋诗以讯,忠显(xian)于辞,理出于韵。
高沧(cang)朗达,默识(shi)渊通,领新悟(wu)异,发自心胸。质侔和璧,文炳雕(diao)龙,耀姿天(tian)邑,衣锦旧邦。
士元先觉,介焉不惑,振袂(mei)来庭,始宾王国。蹈方履正,好(hao)是绳墨(mo),淑人君子(zi),其仪(yi)不忒。
孔称(cheng)游夏,汉美(mei)渊云,越(yue)哉伯(bo)度(du),出类(lei)逾群(qun)。司(si)言秘(mi)阁,作牧河汾,移风易俗,理乱解纷。融彼滞(zhi)义,涣此潜文,儒道以(yi)析,九流(liu)以(yi)分。
崔、宋(song)二贤(xian),诞(dan)性英伟,擢颖闾阎(yan),闻名(ming)象魏。謇謇仪形,邈(miao)邈(miao)风(feng)气,达而不(bu)矜,素而能贲(bi)。
潘符扌(shou)票尚,杜熙好和,清(qing)不(bu)洁流(liu),浑不(bu)同波(bo)。绝(jue)希龙津,止分常科,幽而(er)逾显(xian),损(sun)而(er)逾多(duo)。
张纲柔谦,叔术正直,道雅(ya)洽闻,弼为兼(jian)识。拔萃衡门,俱渐(jian)鸿翼(yi),发愤忘餐,岂要斗食(shi)。率礼从仁(ren),罔愆于式,失(shi)不系心,得(de)不形色(se)。
郎苗始(shi)举,用(yong)均已试(shi),智足(zu)周身,言足(zu)为治。性协于时,情敏(min)于事,与(yu)今(jin)而同,与(yu)古曷异。
物以利(li)移,人以酒昏(hun),侯生洁己,唯义是(shi)敦。日纵醇(chun)醪,逾(yu)敬逾(yu)温,其在(zai)私室,如涉(she)公门。
季才之(zhi)性(xing),柔而执(zhi)竞,郕彼南秦,申威致命(ming)。诱之(zhi)以权,矫之(zhi)以正,帝道用光(guang),边土纳庆。
群贤遭世,显名有代,志竭其忠(zhong),才尽其概。体袭朱裳(shang),腰纽双佩,荣(rong)曜当时,风(feng)高千载。君臣(chen)相遇,理实(shi)难偕(xie),昔(xi)因(yin)朝命(ming),举之克谐(xie)。披(pi)衿散想,解(jie)带舒怀(huai),此忻如昨,存亡奄乖。静言(yan)思之,中(zhong)心九摧,挥毫颂德,漼尔增(zeng)哀。
皇兴(xing)(xing)中,诏允(yun)兼太常,至(zhi)兗州祭孔子庙,谓(wei)允(yun)曰:“此(ci)简德而行,勿(wu)有辞也(ye)。”后(hou)允(yun)从显祖(zu)北(bei)伐(fa),大捷而还(hai),至(zhi)武川镇,上(shang)《北(bei)伐(fa)颂》,其(qi)词曰:“皇矣上(shang)天,降鉴惟(wei)德,眷命有魏,照临万(wan)(wan)国。礼化丕融,王猷允(yun)塞(sai),静乱以(yi)威,穆民以(yi)则(ze)。北(bei)虏(lu)旧隶,禀政(zheng)在(zai)番,往因时囗,逃命北(bei)辕。世袭凶(xiong)轨,背忠食(shi)言,招亡聚(ju)盗,丑类实繁。敢率犬羊(yang),图纵(zong)猖(chang)蹶(jue),乃(nai)诏训师,兴(xing)(xing)戈北(bei)伐(fa)。跃马里(li)粮,星驰(chi)电(dian)发(fa),扑讨虔刘,肆陈斧钺。斧钺暂陈,馘剪厥旅,积骸(hai)填谷(gu),流血成浦。元凶(xiong)狐奔,假息穷墅(shu),爪牙(ya)既(ji)摧,腹心亦阻。周之(zhi)(zhi)忠厚,存(cun)及行苇,翼翼圣明(ming),有兼斯美。泽被(bei)京观,垂此(ci)仁旨,封(feng)尸野获,惠(hui)(hui)加生死(si)。生死(si)蒙惠(hui)(hui),人欣覆育,理贯幽(you)冥,泽渐(jian)殊域。物归(gui)其(qi)诚,神献其(qi)福,遐迩斯怀,无思(si)不服。古称善(shan)兵(bing),历时始(shi)捷,今也(ye)用(yong)师,辰不及浃。六军克合,万(wan)(wan)邦以(yi)协,义(yi)著春秋,功铭玉(yu)牒,载(zai)兴(xing)(xing)颂声(sheng),播之(zhi)(zhi)来叶。”显祖(zu)览而善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)。
又显(xian)祖(zu)时(shi)有(you)不(bu)(bu)豫(yu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)高(gao)祖(zu)冲幼,欲(yu)立京兆王子(zi)推,集(ji)诸大臣以(yi)(yi)(yi)次召问。允(yun)进(jin)跪上前,涕(ti)泣曰:“臣不(bu)(bu)敢多言,以(yi)(yi)(yi)劳(lao)神听(ting),愿陛下(xia)上思(si)宗庙托付(fu)之(zhi)重,追念周(zhou)公抱成王之(zhi)事。”显(xian)祖(zu)于(yu)是传位于(yu)高(gao)祖(zu),赐(ci)帛千匹,以(yi)(yi)(yi)标忠亮(liang)。又迁中(zhong)书监,加(jia)散骑常侍(shi)。虽(sui)久典史事,然而(er)不(bu)(bu)能专勤属述,时(shi)与校书郎刘模有(you)所缉(ji)缀,大较续崔浩(hao)故事,准《春秋》之(zhi)体,而(er)时(shi)有(you)刊正。自(zi)(zi)高(gao)宗迄于(yu)显(xian)祖(zu),军(jun)(jun)国(guo)书檄,多允(yun)文也。末年乃荐高(gao)闾(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)(zi)代(dai)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)定议(yi)之(zhi)勋,进(jin)爵咸阳(yang)公,加(jia)镇东将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)。
寻(xun)授使持节、散(san)骑(qi)常(chang)侍、征西将军(jun)、怀州刺(ci)史(shi)。允(yun)秋(qiu)月巡境,问民(min)疾苦(ku)。至邵(shao)县,见邵(shao)公(gong)庙废(fei)毁不(bu)立,乃曰:“邵(shao)公(gong)之(zhi)德(de),阙而不(bu)礼,为(wei)善者何望?”乃表(biao)闻(wen)修葺之(zhi)。允(yun)于时(shi)年(nian)将九十矣,劝民(min)学业,风化颇行(xing)。然儒(ru)者优游,不(bu)以断决(jue)为(wei)事。后(hou)正光中,中散(san)大(da)夫(fu)、中书舍(she)人河(he)内常(chang)景追思允(yun),帅(shuai)郡中故老,为(wei)允(yun)立祠于野王之(zhi)南,树碑纪德(de)焉。
太和二年,又以(yi)老乞还乡里,十余(yu)章,上卒不听许,遂以(yi)疾告(gao)归(gui)。其年,诏(zhao)以(yi)安(an)车征允,敕州郡(jun)发遣。至都,拜镇军大将(jiang)军,领中书监。固辞不许。又扶引就内,改定《皇诰》。允上《酒训》曰:
臣(chen)(chen)被敕论集往世酒之(zhi)败德,以为(wei)《酒训》。臣(chen)(chen)以朽迈(mai),人伦(lun)所(suo)弃,而殊恩过隆,录臣(chen)(chen)于(yu)将殁之(zhi)年,勖臣(chen)(chen)于(yu)已坠之(zhi)地(di)。奉命(ming)惊(jing)惶,喜惧兼甚(shen),不(bu)知何事可以上答!伏惟陛下以睿(rui)哲(zhe)之(zhi)姿,抚临万国(guo),太皇太后以圣德之(zhi)广,济(ji)育(yu)群(qun)生。普天(tian)之(zhi)下,罔(wang)不(bu)称赖。然日昃忧勤,虚求不(bu)已,思监(jian)往事,以为(wei)警戒。此之(zhi)至诚(cheng),悟通百灵(ling),而况(kuang)于(yu)百官士民?不(bu)胜(sheng)踊跃,谨竭其所(suo)见,作《酒训》一篇。但臣(chen)(chen)愚短,加以荒废,辞义鄙拙,不(bu)足观采。伏愿圣慈,体(ti)臣(chen)(chen)悾(kong)悾(kong)之(zhi)情,恕臣(chen)(chen)狂(kuang)瞽(gu)之(zhi)意。其词曰:
自古圣王(wang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)飨也(ye),玄(xuan)酒(jiu)在(zai)堂而(er)酒(jiu)在(zai)下,所(suo)以(yi)崇本重原,降于(yu)(yu)滋味(wei)。虽泛爵旅行(xing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)于(yu)(yu)乱(luan)。故(gu)能(neng)礼章而(er)敬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亏(kui),事(shi)毕而(er)仪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忒。非由斯致,是失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)。将何以(yi)范时轨物,垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)世(shi)(shi)?历观往代成(cheng)败(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效,吉凶由人(ren),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)数也(ye)。商(shang)辛耽(dan)酒(jiu),殷道(dao)以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亡;公旦陈诰(gao),周德以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)昌。子反昏酣而(er)致毙,穆生不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)饮(yin)而(er)身光。或(huo)长世(shi)(shi)而(er)为(wei)(wei)戒,或(huo)百代而(er)流(liu)芳。酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)状(zhuang),变(bian)惑情性(xing),虽曰(yue)哲人(ren),孰能(neng)自竞?在(zai)官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)殆于(yu)(yu)政(zheng)也(ye),为(wei)(wei)下者(zhe)(zhe)慢(man)于(yu)(yu)令也(ye),聪(cong)达(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士荒于(yu)(yu)听(ting)也(ye),柔(rou)顺(shun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伦(lun)(lun)兴于(yu)(yu)诤也(ye),久而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悛,致于(yu)(yu)病也(ye)。岂止于(yu)(yu)病,乃损其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)命。谚(yan)亦有(you)云:其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)益(yi)如(ru)(ru)毫(hao),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)损如(ru)(ru)刀。言(yan)所(suo)益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)止于(yu)(yu)一味(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益(yi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦寡(gua)乎(hu)?言(yan)所(suo)损者(zhe)(zhe)夭(yao)年乱(luan)志,夭(yao)乱(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)损,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亦夥(huo)乎(hu)?无以(yi)酒(jiu)荒而(er)陷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身,无以(yi)酒(jiu)狂而(er)丧(sang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)伦(lun)(lun)。迷邦失道(dao),流(liu)浪漂津。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)师不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遵,反将何因。《诗》不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)乎(hu):“如(ru)(ru)切如(ru)(ru)瑳,如(ru)(ru)琢(zhuo)如(ru)(ru)磨”,朋(peng)友(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义也(ye)。作(zuo)官(guan)以(yi)箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),申谟以(yi)禁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),君臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)也(ye)善,则(ze)三(san)覆(fu)而(er)佩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)善,则(ze)哀矜而(er)贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)实先(xian)王(wang)纳(na)规(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。往者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)晋,士多失度,肆散诞(dan)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)羁,纵长酣以(yi)为(wei)(wei)高(gao)达(da),调酒(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)颂,以(yi)相眩曜(yao)。称尧舜(shun)有(you)千钟(zhong)百觚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin),著非法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),引(yin)大圣为(wei)(wei)譬(pi),以(yi)则(ze)天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming),岂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)然乎(hu)?且子思有(you)云:夫子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饮(yin),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)一升。以(yi)此(ci)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),千钟(zhong)百觚皆为(wei)(wei)妄(wang)也(ye)。
今大魏(wei)应图,重明御世,化之(zhi)所(suo)暨,无思(si)不(bu)服(fu),仁风(feng)敦(dun)洽(qia)于(yu)(yu)四海。太皇太后(hou)以(yi)至德(de)之(zhi)隆,诲而不(bu)倦,忧勤备于(yu)(yu)皇情,诰训行于(yu)(yu)无外。故能道协(xie)两(liang)仪,功(gong)同覆载。仁恩下逮,罔有不(bu)遵,普天率土,靡不(bu)蒙赖(lai)。在朝之(zhi)士,有志之(zhi)人,宜克(ke)己从善(shan),履正存(cun)贞。节酒以(yi)为(wei)度,顺德(de)以(yi)为(wei)经。悟昏饮(yin)之(zhi)美疾,审敬慎之(zhi)弥荣。遵孝道以(yi)致养(yang),显父母(mu)而扬名。蹈闵曾之(zhi)前(qian)轨,遗仁风(feng)于(yu)(yu)后(hou)生(sheng)。仰(yang)以(yi)答所(suo)授,俯(fu)以(yi)保其成(cheng)。可不(bu)勉欤(yu)!可不(bu)勉欤(yu)!
高(gao)祖(zu)悦之,常置左右(you)。
诏(zhao)(zhao)允(yun)乘(cheng)车入殿,朝(chao)贺不拜。明(ming)年(nian)(nian),诏(zhao)(zhao)允(yun)议定律令。虽年(nian)(nian)渐期颐,而志(zhi)识无(wu)损,犹心存(cun)旧(jiu)职,披(pi)考史书。又诏(zhao)(zhao)曰(yue):“允(yun)年(nian)(nian)涉危境,而家贫(pin)养薄。可令乐部(bu)丝竹十(shi)人,五日(ri)一(yi)诣允(yun),以娱(yu)其(qi)志(zhi)。”特(te)赐(ci)(ci)允(yun)蜀牛(niu)一(yi)头,四(si)望蜀车一(yi)乘(cheng),素(su)几杖各一(yi),蜀刀一(yi)口。又赐(ci)(ci)珍(zhen)味,每春秋常(chang)致(zhi)之。寻诏(zhao)(zhao)朝(chao)晡给(ji)膳,朔望致(zhi)牛(niu)酒(jiu),衣服绵(mian)绢,每月送给(ji)。允(yun)皆(jie)(jie)分之亲故(gu)。是时贵(gui)臣之门,皆(jie)(jie)罗列显官(guan),而允(yun)子弟皆(jie)(jie)无(wu)官(guan)爵。其(qi)廉退(tui)若此。迁尚书、散(san)骑常(chang)侍,时延入,备几杖,问以政治(zhi)。十(shi)年(nian)(nian),加光禄(lu)大夫、金章紫绶(shou)。朝(chao)之大议,皆(jie)(jie)咨(zi)访焉。
魏初(chu)(chu)法(fa)严(yan),朝士多见杖(zhang)罚。允(yun)(yun)历事五(wu)帝,出入三(san)省,五(wu)十余(yu)(yu)(yu)年,初(chu)(chu)无谴咎(jiu)。初(chu)(chu),真君(jun)中以(yi)狱讼(song)留滞,始令中书以(yi)经义断诸疑事。允(yun)(yun)据律评刑(xing),三(san)十余(yu)(yu)(yu)载,内外(wai)称平。允(yun)(yun)以(yi)狱者(zhe)民之命也,常叹曰:“皋陶至德也,其后英(ying)蓼先亡;刘项之际,英(ying)布黥而(er)王。经世虽久,犹有刑(xing)之余(yu)(yu)(yu)衅。况凡人能无咎(jiu)乎?”
其(qi)(qi)(qi)年四月(yue),有(you)事(shi)西郊,诏以御马车迎允就郊所(suo)板(ban)殿观(guan)瞩。马忽惊奔,车覆,伤眉三(san)处。高祖、文明太(tai)后遣医药护治(zhi),存问相望(wang)。司驾将(jiang)处重(zhong)坐,允启陈无(wu)(wu)恙,乞免其(qi)(qi)(qi)罪。先(xian)是(shi)(shi),命(ming)中(zhong)黄门(men)苏兴(xing)寿(shou)扶(fu)持(chi)允,曾雪中(zhong)遇犬(quan)惊倒,扶(fu)者大惧。允慰勉之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)令闻彻。兴(xing)寿(shou)称其(qi)(qi)(qi)允接事(shi)三(san)年,未(wei)尝见(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)忿(fen)色。恂(xun)恂(xun)善诱,诲人不(bu)(bu)(bu)倦。昼夜手常执书,吟咏寻览(lan)。笃亲念故(gu),虚己存纳。虽(sui)处贵重(zhong),志同贫素。性好(hao)(hao)音乐,每至(zhi)伶(ling)人弦(xian)歌鼓舞,常击节(jie)称善。又雅信(xin)佛道,时(shi)设斋讲,好(hao)(hao)生恶杀。性又简至(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)妄交游。显祖平青齐,徙其(qi)(qi)(qi)族望(wang)于代。时(shi)诸士人流移远至(zhi),率皆饥寒(han)。徙人之(zhi)中(zhong),多允姻媾(gou),皆徒步造门(men)。允散财竭产,以相赡赈,慰问周至(zhi)。无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)感(gan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)仁厚(hou)。收其(qi)(qi)(qi)才(cai)能(neng),表奏申用。时(shi)议者皆以新附致异,允谓取(qu)材任(ren)能(neng),无(wu)(wu)宜抑屈。先(xian)是(shi)(shi),允被召在方山(shan)作颂,志气犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)多损,谈(tan)说旧事(shi),了无(wu)(wu)所(suo)遗。十一年正月(yue)卒,年九十八。
初(chu)(chu),允(yun)(yun)(yun)每(mei)谓人曰:“吾(wu)在中(zhong)书(shu)时(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)阴德(de),济救民命(ming)。若阳报不(bu)(bu)(bu)差,吾(wu)寿(shou)应(ying)享百年矣。”先卒旬(xun)外,微有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)适。犹不(bu)(bu)(bu)寝卧(wo),呼医请药,出(chu)入行止(zhi),吟咏如常。高祖、文明太后(hou)闻而(er)遣医李脩(xiu)往脉视(shi)之,告以(yi)无恙。脩(xiu)入,密陈允(yun)(yun)(yun)荣(rong)卫(wei)有(you)(you)(you)异,惧其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久。于(yu)是遣使备赐御(yu)膳珍羞,自酒米至于(yu)盐醢百有(you)(you)(you)余(yu)品,皆(jie)尽时(shi)(shi)味,及床(chuang)帐、衣(yi)服、茵被、几杖(zhang),罗列于(yu)庭。王官往还,慰(wei)问(wen)相属。允(yun)(yun)(yun)喜形于(yu)色,语人曰:“天恩以(yi)我笃老,大(da)有(you)(you)(you)所赉,得以(yi)赡(shan)客矣。”表谢(xie)而(er)已,不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)他虑。如是数日(ri),夜(ye)中(zhong)卒,家人莫觉。诏给绢(juan)一千(qian)匹、布二(er)千(qian)匹、绵五百斤、锦(jin)五十匹、杂(za)彩百匹、谷千(qian)斛以(yi)周丧用。魏初(chu)(chu)以(yi)来,存亡(wang)蒙赉者莫及焉(yan),朝庭荣(rong)之。将葬,赠(zeng)侍中(zhong)、司空公、冀州刺(ci)史,将军、公如故,谥曰文,赐命(ming)服一袭(xi)。允(yun)(yun)(yun)所制(zhi)诗(shi)赋诔颂箴论表赞(zan),《左(zuo)氏、公羊释》,《毛诗(shi)拾遗》,《论杂(za)解(jie)》,《议何(he)郑膏肓事》,凡百余(yu)篇(pian),别有(you)(you)(you)集行于(yu)世(shi)。允(yun)(yun)(yun)明算法,为算术三卷。子忱袭(xi)。
忱,字(zi)士(shi)和。以父任(ren)除(chu)绥远将军、长乐(le)太守(shou)。为政宽(kuan)惠(hui),民庶安之。后例降爵为侯。寻(xun)卒。
孙(sun)贵(gui)宾(bin),袭。除州治中,卒官。
忱(chen)弟(di)怀,字(zi)士仁(ren)。任城王云郎(lang)中(zhong)令(ling)、大将军(jun)从事中(zhong)郎(lang),授中(zhong)散。恬淡退(tui)静(jing),不(bu)竞(jing)世利(li),在散辈十八(ba)年不(bu)易官。太和(he)中(zhong),除太尉东(dong)阳王谘(zi)议参(can)军(jun)而卒。
子(zi)(zi)绰(chuo),字僧裕。少孤,恭敏(min)自立。身长八(ba)尺,腰带十围,沉雅有度量,博涉经史。太(tai)和十五年拜奉朝请、太(tai)尉法曹行(xing)(xing)参军,寻兼尚书祠部郎。以母忧去职。久(jiu)之,除(chu)治书侍御(yu)史,转洛阳令(ling)。绰(chuo)为政(zheng)强(qiang)直,不避(bi)豪贵,邑人惮之。又(you)诏(zhao)参议律(lv)令(ling)。迁(qian)(qian)长兼国子(zi)(zi)博士,行(xing)(xing)颍川郡事(shi)。诏(zhao)假节,行(xing)(xing)泾州(zhou)刺(ci)史。延昌(chang)初,迁(qian)(qian)尚书右丞(cheng),参议《壬子(zi)(zi)历》。肃宗初,司徒清(qing)河王怿司马(ma)、冠(guan)军,又(you)随怿迁(qian)(qian)太(tai)尉司马(ma)。其年秋,大乘(cheng)贼起于(yu)冀州(zhou),都督元(yuan)遥率众讨之,诏(zhao)绰(chuo)兼散(san)骑常侍,持节,以白(bai)虎幡军前招慰。绰(chuo)信著州(zhou)里,降者相寻。军还,除(chu)汲郡太(tai)守,固辞不拜。御(yu)史中尉元(yuan)匡奏高聪及绰(chuo)等(deng)朋附高肇(zhao),诏(zhao)并(bing)原罪(zui)。俄(e)行(xing)(xing)荥阳郡事(shi),以本将军出除(chu)豫(yu)州(zhou)刺(ci)史。为政(zheng)清(qing)平,抑强(qiang)扶弱,百姓爱(ai)之,流(liu)民(min)归(gui)附者二(er)千余户。迁(qian)(qian)后将军、并(bing)州(zhou)刺(ci)史。正光三(san)年冬,暴(bao)疾卒,年四十八(ba)。四年九月,诏(zhao)赠安东将军、冀州(zhou)刺(ci)史,谥曰简。
子炳,字仲(zhong)彰。太(tai)尉行参军(jun),稍迁征虏将军(jun)、开府掾。早卒。
允弟(di)推,字仲让,小(xiao)名(ming)檀(tan)越,早(zao)有名(ming)誉。太延(yan)中,以前后南使不称,妙简行人(ren)(ren)。游雅荐推应(ying)选。诏兼散骑(qi)常侍,使刘义隆,南人(ren)(ren)称其才辩。遇疾(ji)卒(zu)于建业。朝廷悼惜(xi)之。丧(sang)还,赠辅国将军、临邑子,谥曰恭,赐命服衣冠。允为之作诔。
推(tui)弟(di)燮,字(zi)季和(he),小字(zi)淳于,亦有文才。世祖每诏征,辞(ci)疾(ji)不应。恆讥笑允屈(qu)折(zhe)久宦,栖(qi)泊京(jing)邑(yi)。常从容于家。州(zhou)辟主簿(bu)。卒(zu)。
孙市宾(bin),奉(feng)朝请、冀(ji)州京兆王愉(yu)城(cheng)局参军(jun)。愉(yu)构逆(ni),市宾(bin)逃归京。后(hou)除青州安南府司马。永熙中,冠军(jun)将军(jun)、开府从事中郎。
始神中,允与(yu)从叔济、族(zu)兄毗(pi)及(ji)同郡李(li)金俱(ju)被征。
济,字叔民。初补中(zhong)书博士,又(you)为楚王(wang)傅。真君中(zhong),假员(yuan)外常侍(shi),赐(ci)爵浮阳(yang)子,使于刘义隆。世祖临江,于行所除(chu)盱(xu)眙太守,后(hou)超(chao)授(shou)游击将军(jun)。寻出除(chu)沧水太守。卒,年六十七。赠(zeng)镇远将军(jun)、冀州刺史,谥曰(yue)宣(xuan)。
子矫(jiao),袭(xi)。卒,子师袭(xi)。
师,字孝(xiao)则,有学识(shi)。历詹事丞、太子舍人、尚(shang)书(shu)主客郎(lang)。转通直散骑(qi)侍郎(lang)、从(cong)事正员郎(lang)。累迁光禄(lu)少卿,行泾州(zhou)事。卒,赠(zeng)龙骧将军(jun)、河州(zhou)刺史。
子(zi)和仁,字德(de)舒,袭。释褐员外散骑侍(shi)郎,领殿中御史(shi)。少清简(jian),有文才(cai),曾为(wei)五言诗赠太尉属卢仲(zhong)宣,仲(zhong)宣甚叹(tan)重之(zhi)(zhi)。常有高(gao)尚之(zhi)(zhi)志。后为(wei)洛州录事(shi)参军,不赴。服饵于汲郡白(bai)鹿山(shan)。未几卒,时人悼惜之(zhi)(zhi)。
和(he)仁(ren)弟德伟,武定末,东(dong)宫斋帅。
矫弟遵,自(zi)有《传》。
毗,字子翼,乡邑称为(wei)长(zhang)者。官至(zhi)从(cong)事(shi)中(zhong)郎(lang)。
孙当,尚书郎。卒(zu),赠乐陵太守,谥曰恭。
初,允(yun)(yun)所引刘模(mo)(mo)者(zhe),长乐信都人(ren)也。少时窃游(you)河(he)表(biao),遂至河(he)南,寻复(fu)(fu)潜归(gui)。颇涉(she)经(jing)(jing)藉(jie),微有(you)(you)注疏之用。允(yun)(yun)领秘书(shu)、典著作,选(xuan)为校书(shu)郎(lang)。允(yun)(yun)修撰《国记》,与(yu)俱(ju)缉著。常令模(mo)(mo)持管龠,每日同入史阁,接膝对筵,属述时事。允(yun)(yun)年(nian)已九十(shi)(shi),目(mu)手(shou)稍衰,多遣模(mo)(mo)执笔(bi)而(er)指授裁断之。如此者(zhe)五六岁。允(yun)(yun)所成篇卷,著论(lun)上下(xia),模(mo)(mo)预有(you)(you)功(gong)焉(yan)。太和初,模(mo)(mo)迁(qian)中书(shu)博士,与(yu)李彪为僚友,并(bing)相(xiang)爱好(hao)。至于(yu)训导国胄,甄(zhen)明风范(fan),远不(bu)及(ji)彪也。出除颍(ying)州刺史。王肃(su)之归(gui)阙,路经(jing)(jing)悬瓠,羁旅究悴(cui),时人(ren)莫识(shi)。模(mo)(mo)独(du)给(ji)所须,吊(diao)待以礼。肃(su)深感其(qi)意(yi)。及(ji)肃(su)临豫(yu)州,模(mo)(mo)犹(you)在(zai)郡,微报复(fu)(fu)之,由(you)是为新(xin)蔡太守。在(zai)二郡积十(shi)(shi)年(nian),宽(kuan)猛相(xiang)济,颇有(you)(you)治称。正始元年(nian),复(fu)(fu)出为陈留太守。时年(nian)七十(shi)(shi)余矣,而(er)饰老隐年(nian),昧(mei)禁(jin)自效(xiao)。遂家于(yu)南颍(ying)川,不(bu)复(fu)(fu)归(gui)其(qi)旧乡矣。
子怀恕,聪率多囗。甚收颍(ying)川情和。至襄威将军(jun)、本州冠军(jun)府(fu)功曹参军(jun)。
怀恕弟怀逊,颇解医术(shu)。历位给事中。卒于(yu)左军将(jiang)军、镇远将(jiang)军。
史臣曰:依仁游艺,执义守哲,其司空高允乎?蹈危祸之机,抗雷电之气,处死夷然,忘身济物,卒悟明主,保己全身。自非体邻知命,鉴照穷达,亦何能以若此?宜其光宠四世,终享百龄!有魏以来,斯人而已。僧裕学治有闻,聿修之义也。
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