●卷四
大司徒之(zhi)(zhi)职，掌建邦之(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)地之(zhi)(zhi)图与其(qi)人民之(zhi)(zhi)数，以(yi)佐王(wang)安扰邦国。（土(tu)地之(zhi)(zhi)图，若今(jin)司空郡(jun)国舆地图。）
[疏]“大师”至“邦国”
○释曰：司徒既欲佐王安扰邦国，故先须知土地之图人民之数。
○注“土地”至“地图”
○释曰(yue)：案(an)：汉萧何收秦图籍(ji)，以(yi)知天下厄(e)塞广远。至(zhi)後汉乃有司(si)空郡(jun)(jun)国(guo)(guo)地(di)图。舆(yu)者，车舆(yu)，其前牙(ya)曲(qu)。地(di)形不可正方，故云舆(yu)地(di)图也。案(an)：《职方》亦云“掌天下之(zhi)图”，注(zhu)直云“如今(jin)司(si)空舆(yu)地(di)图”，不云郡(jun)(jun)国(guo)(guo)者，彼以(yi)司(si)马(ma)主九畿并夷狄而言，故不得云郡(jun)(jun)国(guo)(guo)。此(ci)(ci)经云主人民之(zhi)数(shu)，则唯(wei)据九州之(zhi)中，郡(jun)(jun)国(guo)(guo)在九州之(zhi)内，故此(ci)(ci)注(zhu)云郡(jun)(jun)国(guo)(guo)也。
以天下土地之图，周知九州之地域广轮之数，辨其山林、川泽、丘陵、坟衍、原隰之名物；（周犹彳扁也。九州，扬、荆、豫、青、兖、雍、幽、冀、并也。轮，从也。积石曰山，竹木曰林，注渎曰川，水锺曰泽，土高曰丘，大阜曰陵，水崖曰坟，下平曰衍，高平曰原，下湿曰隰。名物者，十等之名与所生之物。
○广，古旷(kuang)反(fan)。坟(fen)，扶云反(fan)。原，本又作(zuo){备逯}。彳扁(bian)，音遍。雍，於用反(fan)。从(cong)，子容反(fan)。）
[疏]“以天”至“名物”
○释曰：上经云土地图，为人民之数而言之，此经云土地图，据十等土地而说也，故云“周知九州之地域广轮之数”。马融云：“东西为广，南北为轮。”案：《王制》南北两近一遥，东西两遥一近，是南北长东西短，谓知此数也。又辨其山林川泽以下十等形状名号及所出之物也。
○注“周犹”至“之物”
○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)扬荆以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，据(ju)(ju)《职方》周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)而(er)言(yan)(yan)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)幽(you)、并(bing)，无徐、梁(liang)，《禹贡(gong)(gong)》据(ju)(ju)夏以(yi)(yi)前九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)，故(gu)(gu)有(you)徐、梁(liang)，无幽(you)、并(bing)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“轮从(cong)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)南北(bei)，义与(yu)马(ma)同(tong)。不释(shi)(shi)广者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，东西(xi)可知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“积石(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“节彼(bi)南山(shan)(shan)(shan)，维石(shi)岩岩”，郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岩岩，积石(shi)貌。”郑(zheng)据(ju)(ju)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)而(er)言(yan)(yan)。案：《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘别释(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)丘是(shi)(shi)纯土(tu)(tu)，其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)皆石(shi)，亦有(you)兼土(tu)(tu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)石(shi)戴土(tu)(tu)谓之(zhi)(zhi)崔嵬。又周(zhou)语云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夫山(shan)(shan)(shan)，土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)聚(ju)”，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)土(tu)(tu)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“竹木曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)林”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓生(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林川泽(ze)别官(guan)，故(gu)(gu)知竹木生(sheng)(sheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)地(di)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)林。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)川”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《释(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)川曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)谷，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)谷曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)沟，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)沟曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)浍(hui)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)浍(hui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)。”彼(bi)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“皆以(yi)(yi)小注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大(da)(da)，大(da)(da)小异名(ming)(ming)。”言(yan)(yan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)浍(hui)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓以(yi)(yi)浍(hui)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入渎(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)，使有(you)所去。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)川者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》无此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)，郑(zheng)以(yi)(yi)义增之(zhi)(zhi)耳，谓以(yi)(yi)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入川。案：《职方》九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)皆直川，故(gu)(gu)知从(cong)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)入川。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)渎(du)(du)(du)(du)与(yu)四渎(du)(du)(du)(du)义异，四渎(du)(du)(du)(du)则(ze)(ze)亦川，故(gu)(gu)《职方》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)川三江(jiang)(jiang)，其(qi)川江(jiang)(jiang)汉也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“水(shui)(shui)锺曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)泽(ze)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《周(zhou)语》虞大(da)(da)子(zi)晋之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“土(tu)(tu)高(gao)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)丘”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘别释(shi)(shi)，则(ze)(ze)丘无石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)阜(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《尔(er)(er)(er)雅·释(shi)(shi)地(di)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)，大(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阜(fu)，大(da)(da)阜(fu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)，大(da)(da)陵(ling)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)阿，可食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)。”是(shi)(shi)陵(ling)与(yu)丘高(gao)下(xia)异称，皆无石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。其(qi)有(you)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陵(ling)，故(gu)(gu)《左氏》僖(xi)三十(shi)二(er)年云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“ゾ有(you)二(er)陵(ling)，南陵(ling)夏后皋之(zhi)(zhi)墓也(ye)，其(qi)北(bei)陵(ling)，文(wen)(wen)(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)所避风雨”，是(shi)(shi)有(you)石(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“水(shui)(shui)崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“重崖(ya)岸坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)大(da)(da)防”，是(shi)(shi)坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为崖(ya)岸之(zhi)(zhi)峻者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)知水(shui)(shui)崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。故(gu)(gu)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“遵彼(bi)汝坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)”，是(shi)(shi)汝水(shui)(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)防，亦是(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)崖(ya)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)衍”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)十(shi)地(di)皆两(liang)两(liang)相(xiang)对(dui)为名(ming)(ming)，坟(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)既水(shui)(shui)崖(ya)而(er)高(gao)，明衍为下(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)下(xia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)又与(yu)下(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“广平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)，高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)”，不云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)言(yan)(yan)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，对(dui)下(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰而(er)言(yan)(yan)，其(qi)实(shi)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)即广平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。《尔(er)(er)(er)雅》高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，据(ju)(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)傍平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)可食者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)原(yuan)也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“下(xia)湿曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)隰”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尔(er)(er)(er)雅·释(shi)(shi)地(di)》文(wen)(wen)(wen)。若然，《禹贡(gong)(gong)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)既作”，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)：“大(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)，地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”《尔(er)(er)(er)雅·释(shi)(shi)地(di)》八薮，晋有(you)大(da)(da)陆(lu)(lu)，彼(bi)是(shi)(shi)薮泽(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，称与(yu)高(gao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)陆(lu)(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)别也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“十(shi)等(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)林以(yi)(yi)下(xia)十(shi)等(deng)名(ming)(ming)异也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)所生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即下(xia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)土(tu)(tu)会之(zhi)(zhi)法以(yi)(yi)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)。
而辨其邦国都鄙之数，制其畿疆而沟封之，设其社稷之而树之田主，各以其野之所宜木，遂以名其社与其野。（千里曰畿。疆犹界也。《春秋传》曰：“吾子︹理天下。”沟，穿地为阻固也。封，起土界也。社稷，后土及田正之神。，坛与眉埒也。田主，田神后土田正之所依也，诗人谓之田祖。所宜木，谓若松柏栗也。若以松为社者，则名松社之野，以别方面。
○，维癸反。别，彼列反，下同。）
[疏]“而辨”至“其野”
○释曰：云“辨其邦国”者，谓分别畿外诸侯邦国多少之数，谓若《王制》云“畿外八州，州二百一十国”也。云“辨其都鄙之数”者，谓分别畿内三等采地之数，谓若《王制》“畿内九十三国”也。云“制其畿疆”者，王畿内千里，中置王城，面有五百里，其邦国都鄙亦皆有畿界也。云“而沟封之”者，谓於疆界之上设沟，沟上为封树以为阻固也。云“设其社稷之”者，谓於中门之外右边设大社、大稷，王社、王稷，又於庙门之屏设胜国之社稷，其社稷外皆有埒於四面也。云“而树之田主”者，谓藉田之内依树木而为田主。云“各以其野之所宜木”者，王之田主唯一而已，不得云“各”，今云“各”者，总据邦国都鄙并王者而言也。云“遂以名其社与其野”者，谓假令以松为社，则名松社之野，馀皆放此也。
○注“千里”至“方面”
○释曰：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“千里曰畿(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《职方》文(wen)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋传(chuan)》曰吾子(zi)疆理(li)天(tian)下”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《左氏传(chuan)》成二年鞍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)战，齐侯(hou)使国(guo)(guo)佐赂(lu)晋师，晋人不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许，曰：“使齐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)封(feng)(feng)内尽(jin)东其亩(mu)。”国(guo)(guo)佐对(dui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“先(xian)王(wang)疆理(li)天(tian)下物(wu)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘我(wo)(wo)疆我(wo)(wo)理(li)，南东其亩(mu)’，今吾子(zi)疆理(li)诸侯(hou)。”彼(bi)(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)先(xian)王(wang)疆理(li)天(tian)下，又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吾子(zi)疆理(li)诸侯(hou)，此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)吾子(zi)疆理(li)天(tian)下，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑以(yi)(yi)义(yi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，非传(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)文(wen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“沟穿(chuan)地为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)阻固也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)穿(chuan)地为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)深沟，即是阻固也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“封(feng)(feng)起(qi)土(tu)(tu)界也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，穿(chuan)沟出土(tu)(tu)於(wu)岸，即皆为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)封(feng)(feng)，封(feng)(feng)即起(qi)土(tu)(tu)界也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“社(she)稷(ji)(ji)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑义(yi)依(yi)《孝(xiao)经纬》。社(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)总神(shen)。以(yi)(yi)句龙生(sheng)时为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)官(guan)，有(you)功於(wu)土(tu)(tu)，死配社(she)而(er)食。稷(ji)(ji)是原(yuan)隰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，宜(yi)(yi)(yi)五。五不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可遍举，稷(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长，立稷(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)表神(shen)名(ming)(ming)，故(gu)号稷(ji)(ji)。弃(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)尧时稷(ji)(ji)官(guan)，立稼穑(se)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，有(you)功於(wu)民，死乃(nai)配稷(ji)(ji)而(er)食，名(ming)(ming)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)社(she)稷(ji)(ji)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，双(shuang)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“坛与眉(mei)(mei)埒也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)，即眉(mei)(mei)埒。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)坛，以(yi)(yi)在坛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，明中(zhong)有(you)坛可知，故(gu)郑兼云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)坛也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案：《礼记·郊封(feng)(feng)牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君(jun)南面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)於(wu)北(bei)(bei)墉(yong)下”，郑注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“北(bei)(bei)墉(yong)，社(she)内北(bei)(bei)墙。”彼(bi)(bi)社(she)虽(sui)无室(shi)，坛外四面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)壁(bi)，壁(bi)外乃(nai)有(you)耳(er)。若(ruo)然，《封(feng)(feng)人》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)设王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)社(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)(bi)官(guan)卑(bei)，主(zhu)设之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，此大司徒尊(zun)官(guan)，直主(zhu)其制度而(er)已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)，田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)后(hou)土(tu)(tu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)依(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)当(dang)在藉田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)依(yi)树木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)而(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)各(ge)以(yi)(yi)其野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)《郊特(te)牲》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)先(xian)穑(se)与神(shen)农(nong)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然，郑意以(yi)(yi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)农(nong)，则无后(hou)土(tu)(tu)及(ji)(ji)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，直以(yi)(yi)神(shen)农(nong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)祭，尊(zun)可以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)卑(bei)，故(gu)使后(hou)土(tu)(tu)、田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)二神(shen)凭(ping)依(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，同坛共位耳(er)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)则《郊特(te)牲》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)司啬，一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引“诗人谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祖(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)御田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祖(zu)(zu)”，毛(mao)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祖(zu)(zu)，先(xian)穑(se)。”《章》亦云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡国(guo)(guo)祈年于田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祖(zu)(zu)”，郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)祖(zu)(zu)，始耕田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)神(shen)农(nong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)主(zhu)是神(shen)农(nong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)松(song)柏(bo)栗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是《论语(yu)》哀(ai)公问社(she)於(wu)宰(zai)我(wo)(wo)，对(dui)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“夏后(hou)氏以(yi)(yi)松(song)，殷人以(yi)(yi)柏(bo)，周(zhou)(zhou)人以(yi)(yi)栗”。彼(bi)(bi)三代所(suo)(suo)都异处，所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同。夏居平阳宜(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)，殷居亳宜(yi)(yi)(yi)柏(bo)，周(zhou)(zhou)居镐京宜(yi)(yi)(yi)栗。此经虽(sui)据周(zhou)(zhou)一代而(er)言，其邦国(guo)(guo)都鄙(bi)异处所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亦复不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)松(song)柏(bo)栗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)松(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则名(ming)(ming)松(song)社(she)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此取松(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)社(she)，假设而(er)言耳(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)别方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但四方宜(yi)(yi)(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)各(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，或(huo)一方宜(yi)(yi)(yi)松(song)，则以(yi)(yi)松(song)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君(jun)，以(yi)(yi)别馀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)耳(er)。
以土会之法辨五地之物生：一曰山林，其动物宜毛物，其植物宜早物，其民毛而方。二曰川泽，其动物宜鳞物，其植物宜膏物，其民黑而津。三曰丘陵，其动物宜羽物，其植物宜物，其民专而长。四曰坟衍，其动物宜介物，其植物宜荚物，其民而瘠。五曰原隰，其动物宜物，其植物宜丛物，其民丰肉而庳。（会，计也。以土计贡税之法，因别此五者也。毛物，貂狐<豸>貉之属，缛毛者也。鳞物，鱼龙之属。津，润也。羽物，翟雉之属。核物，李梅之属。专，圜也。介物，龟鳖之属，水居陆生者。荚物，荠荚王棘之属。，白也。瘠，瞿也。物，虎豹貔<豸禽>之属，浅毛者。丛物，萑苇之属。丰犹厚也。庳犹短也。杜子春读生为牲。郑司农云：“植物，根生之属。皂物，柞栗之属，今世间谓柞实为皂斗。膏物谓杨柳之属，理致且白如膏。”玄谓膏当为字之误也。莲芡之实有韬。
○会，古外(wai)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同。早，音(yin)(yin)皂(zao)，本(ben)或作(zuo)皂(zao)，注同。鳞，刘(liu)(liu)本(ben)作(zuo)<麦鱼>，音(yin)(yin)鳞。津，如字，一本(ben)作(zuo)氵尽，音(yin)(yin)同。，音(yin)(yin)核。专，徒(tu)丸(wan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，注同。长，如字，下注“长於土圭”同。介(jie)，音(yin)(yin)界(jie)。荚(jia)，古协反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。，音(yin)(yin)锡，白(bai)色也。，力(li)果反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。丛，才东反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。肉(rou)，如字，刘(liu)(liu)而树反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。庳，音(yin)(yin)婢。貂，音(yin)(yin)。<豸>，吐官反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。貉，胡洛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，依(yi)字作(zuo)<豸舟>。缛(ru)，音(yin)(yin)辱(ru)，一音(yin)(yin)如勇(yong)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。圜，音(yin)(yin)圆，又徒(tu)丸(wan)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。瞿(ju)，其俱反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，又作(zuo)瞿(ju)，音(yin)(yin)梢与《考工记》“後”音(yin)(yin)同。貔，音(yin)(yin)毗，一音(yin)(yin)房(fang)私(si)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。<豸禽>，敕(chi)宜反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。萑，音(yin)(yin)丸(wan)。苇(wei)，于鬼(gui)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。柞，于洛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。致(zhi)，直记反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。，古毛反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)，刘(liu)(liu)古到反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。芡(qian)，音(yin)(yin)俭。韬，吐刀(dao)反(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“以土”至“而庳”
○释曰：云会，计也，以土地计会所出贡税之法。贡税出於五地，故须说五地所生不同也，故云“以土会之法”也。云“辨五地之物生”者，但天之所覆，地之所载，地有五等，所生无过动植及民耳，故云辨五地之物生。上经云十等，此云五地，不同者，上经细别而言则十等，以类相并而言故五等，其实一也。“一曰山林”者，此五地以高下相对，故一曰山林，山林高之极者。“二曰川泽”，川泽下之极者，故以为对也。又五地之内，以民之资生取於动植之物，故先言动植，後言民也。山林之中，其动物宜毛物，其植物宜皂物，其民毛而方，此五地人物之等，皆方以类聚，物以群分。及民之所生，皆因地气所感不同，故使形类有异也。
○注“会计”至“韬”
○释(shi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：案(an)《宰(zai)夫职》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁计(ji)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)会(hui)”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“会(hui)，计(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)知以土计(ji)贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以五地(di)中而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)会(hui)计(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唯有(you)贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以土计(ji)贡(gong)(gong)税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，因别此(ci)(ci)(ci)五者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“毛(mao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)貂(diao)狐<豸(zhi)>貉(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，依(yi)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)耳。案(an)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)狐<豸(zhi)>貉(he)同文，此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)貂(diao)狐，不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)君所读《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貂(diao)，不(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，山林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)甚众，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)总之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)“缛毛(mao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毛(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)细缛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鳞(lin)(lin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，鱼龙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《月令》春(chun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)虫(chong)鳞(lin)(lin)”，郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)蛇不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)鱼者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)足曰(yue)(yue)(yue)虫(chong)，无(wu)(wu)足曰(yue)(yue)(yue)豸(zhi)，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)虫(chong)鳞(lin)(lin)，鱼无(wu)(wu)足，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)鱼。其(qi)实(shi)(shi)鱼入(ru)鳞(lin)(lin)内可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)川(chuan)泽(ze)宜(yi)鳞(lin)(lin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，鳞(lin)(lin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)以鱼为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，有(you)鱼龙有(you)蛇可(ke)(ke)知，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)蛇也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“津(jin)，润也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)民居泽(ze)近水(shui)(shui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)津(jin)润。但入(ru)水(shui)(shui)见日(ri)则(ze)(ze)黑，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)民黑津(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“羽物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)翟雉(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)：《禹贡(gong)(gong)》徐州贡(gong)(gong)羽畎夏翟，则(ze)(ze)翟，雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以雉(zhi)乃(nai)羽中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)丘(qiu)陵所宜(yi)羽物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是翟雉(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“核(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)李梅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)(zheng)以丘(qiu)陵阪(ban)险(xian)宜(yi)枣杏及(ji)李梅等，目验(yan)可(ke)(ke)知，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)李梅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，中有(you)枣杏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“专，圜(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)丘(qiu)陵地(di)气(qi)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“介物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)龟(gui)鳖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)居陆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)陆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陆地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)子(zi)(zi)。及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)讫，即(ji)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)而(er)居，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)水(shui)(shui)居陆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《五行传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“貌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)恭，则(ze)(ze)有(you)龟(gui)孽”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“龟(gui)，虫(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)於水(shui)(shui)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”亦谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)居在水(shui)(shui)中，非谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)初生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在水(shui)(shui)。彼(bi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)陆生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)义(yi)异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“荚(jia)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)荠荚(jia)王棘(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，齐(qi)荚(jia)即(ji)今(jin)人谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皂(zao)(zao)荚(jia)。盖误云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)皂(zao)(zao)，当言(yan)(yan)(yan)荠也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。王棘(ji)即(ji)《士丧礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“王棘(ji)若(ruo)棘(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。棘(ji)虽(sui)无(wu)(wu)荚(jia)，盖树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝叶与(yu)荠荚(jia)相(xiang)类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)并言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“白(bai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)民居於坟衍，地(di)气(qi)宜(yi)白(bai)。又(you)见《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杨且(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)白(bai)可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瘠(ji)瞿(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)·释(shi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“瞿(ju)、求，瘠(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“齐(qi)人谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瘠(ji)瘦(shou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)求。”则(ze)(ze)瞿(ju)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)瘦(shou)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貌，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)瘠(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虎(hu)豹(bao)貔<豸(zhi)禽(qin)>之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《考工记·梓人职》说大兽而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“厚唇，口，出(chu)目，短(duan)耳，大胸，後(hou)(hou)，若(ruo)是者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，又(you)《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》有(you)虎(hu)有(you)豹(bao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)虎(hu)豹(bao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。但《尔(er)(er)雅(ya)(ya)》及(ji)诸经不(bu)见有(you)<豸(zhi)禽(qin)>，《曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“载貔貅”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)貔<豸(zhi)禽(qin)>，<豸(zhi)禽(qin)>即(ji)貅也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“浅(qian)毛(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”，若(ruo)以浅(qian)毛(mao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)(ze)入(ru)虫(chong)中，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《月令》中央土，其(qi)虫(chong)。郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“虎(hu)豹(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)恒(heng)浅(qian)毛(mao)”。若(ruo)据有(you)毛(mao)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毛(mao)虫(chong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)白(bai)虎(hu)入(ru)西方，毛(mao)虫(chong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丛物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)萑(huan)苇(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《诗》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“萑(huan)苇(wei)淠淠”，是二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各以类(lei)聚(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)读生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牲(sheng)，牲(sheng)亦训为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。义(yi)既不(bu)殊，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，根(gen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”，先郑(zheng)(zheng)对(dui)动(dong)(dong)非植生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)号也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。“皂(zao)(zao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柞栗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，柞实(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皮得染皂(zao)(zao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引(yin)今(jin)世犹(you)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柞实(shi)(shi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)(zao)斗为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证，其(qi)栗虽(sui)不(bu)得染皂(zao)(zao)，其(qi)皮亦皂(zao)(zao)斗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类(lei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)与(yu)柞同为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)皂(zao)(zao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“膏(gao)(gao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)杨柳(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，理(li)致(zhi)且(qie)白(bai)如膏(gao)(gao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)以物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)上(shang)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)从者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)上(shang)下(xia)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)动(dong)(dong)植者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)不(bu)以色(se)上(shang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)名，先郑(zheng)(zheng)独此(ci)(ci)(ci)一者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取(qu)(qu)义(yi)於色(se)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)膏(gao)(gao)当为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)膏(gao)(gao)是脂膏(gao)(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)膏(gao)(gao)，於植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)义(yi)无(wu)(wu)所，取(qu)(qu)直是字误，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破从也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“莲芡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)(shi)有(you)韬”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以其(qi)是川(chuan)泽(ze)所生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知是莲芡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)(shi)皆(jie)有(you)外皮，韬其(qi)实(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)《大司乐》“一变(bian)而(er)致(zhi)川(chuan)泽(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)示(shi)”，先言(yan)(yan)(yan)川(chuan)泽(ze)後(hou)(hou)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)山林者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，彼(bi)取(qu)(qu)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易致(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先言(yan)(yan)(yan)川(chuan)泽(ze)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)取(qu)(qu)尊卑(bei)高下(xia)相(xiang)对(dui)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)先言(yan)(yan)(yan)山林也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)彼(bi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“五变(bian)而(er)致(zhi)土示(shi)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“土原(yuan)隰及(ji)平地(di)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)中不(bu)见平地(di)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦原(yuan)隰中可(ke)(ke)以兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
因此五物者民之常，而施十有二教焉：一曰以祀礼教敬，则民不苟。二曰以阳礼教让，则民不争。三曰以阴礼教亲，则民不怨。四曰以乐礼教和，则民不乖。五曰以仪辨等，则民不越。六曰以俗教安，则民不愉。七曰以刑教中，则民不。八曰以誓教恤，则民不怠。九曰以度教节，则民知足。十曰以世事教能，则民不失职。十有一曰以贤制爵，则民慎德。十有二曰以庸制禄，则民兴功。（阳礼谓乡射饮酒之礼也。阴礼谓男女之礼。昏姻以时，则男不旷女不怨。仪谓君南面臣北面、父坐子伏之属。俗谓土地所生习也。愉谓朝不谋夕。恤谓灾危相忧。民有凶患，忧之则民不解怠。度谓宫室车服之制。世事谓士农工商之事。少而习焉，其心安焉，因教以能，不易其业。慎德谓矜其善德，劝为善也。庸，功也。爵以显贤，禄以赏功。故书仪或为义，杜子春读为仪，谓九仪。
○争(zheng)(zheng)，争(zheng)(zheng)斗之争(zheng)(zheng)。愉，音偷，又(you)音揄。，薄报反。解，佳卖反。少，诗(shi)照反。）
[疏]“因此”至“兴功”
○释曰：上经云五地之物生，动植及民生处不同，是其常法。今此十二教亦因民之所常生之，处施之故云因此五物者之常，而施十二教也。云“一曰以祀礼教敬，则民不苟”者，凡祭祀者，所以追养继孝，事死如事生。但人於死者不见其形，多有致慢，故《礼》云“祭，极敬也”。是以一曰以祀礼教敬。死者尚敬，则生事其亲不苟且也。
○“二曰以阳礼教让则民不争”者，谓乡饮酒之礼，酒入人身，散随支体，与阳主分散相似，故号乡射饮酒为阳礼也。乡饮酒即党正饮酒之类是也。党正饮酒之时，五十者堂下，六十者堂上，皆以齿让为礼，则无争，故云以阳礼教让则民不争也。
○“三曰以阴礼教亲则民不怨”者，以阴礼谓昏姻之礼，不可显露，故曰阴礼也。男女本是异姓，冕而亲迎，亲之也。亲之也者，亲之也，使之亲己，是昏礼相亲之义。昏姻及时，则男女无有怨旷，故云以阴礼教亲则民不怨也。
○“四曰以乐礼教和则民不乖”者，自“一曰”至“三曰”已上，皆有揖让周旋升降之礼，此乐亦云礼者，谓飨燕作乐之时，舞人周旋皆合礼节，故乐亦云礼也。凡人乖离，皆由不相和合，乐主和同民心，故民不乖也。
○“五曰以仪辨等则民不越”者，仪谓以卑事尊，上下之仪有度，以辨贵贱之等，故云以仪辨等也。民知上下之节，不敢逾越，故云则民不越也。
○“六曰以俗教安则民不偷”者，俗谓人之生处习学不同，若变其旧俗，则民不安而为苟且。若依其旧俗化之，则民安其业，不为苟且，故云以俗教安则民不愉，愉，苟且也。
○“七曰以刑教中则民不”者，刑者，禁民乱。今明刑得所，民得中正，不为乱，故云以刑教中则民不也。
○“八曰以誓教恤则民不怠”者，民有厄丧，教之使相忧恤，则民不懈怠也。
○“九曰以度教节则民知足”者，度谓衣服宫室之等尊卑不同，以此法度教之，使知节数，民知礼节，自知以少为足，故云则民知足也。
○“十曰以世事教能则民不失职”者，父祖所为之业，子孙述而行之，不失本职，故云以世事教能则民不失职也。
○“十有一曰以贤制爵则民慎德”者，人有贤行，制与之爵，民皆谨慎，矜矜於善德，以求荣宠，故云以贤制爵则民慎德也。
○“十有二曰以庸制禄则民兴功”者，庸，功也。人有功则制禄与之，民皆兴其功业，故云则民兴功也。此十二教，以重急者为先，轻缓者为後。
○注“阳礼谓乡射饮酒之礼也阴礼谓男女之”至“九仪”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阳礼(li)谓(wei)(wei)乡(xiang)(xiang)射饮(yin)酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)阳礼(li)而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)教让，其(qi)(qi)(qi)乡(xiang)(xiang)射是(shi)(shi)(shi)州(zhou)长射礼(li)，乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒是(shi)(shi)(shi)党(dang)正(zheng)饮(yin)酒，皆有正(zheng)齿(chi)位、饮(yin)酒为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)敬让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知阳礼(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)事。若(ruo)然(ran)，乡(xiang)(xiang)中(zhong)有乡(xiang)(xiang)射、乡(xiang)(xiang)饮(yin)酒，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)州(zhou)长党(dang)正(zheng)皆属(shu)(shu)(shu)於(wu)乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)，或(huo)乡(xiang)(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)所(suo)居州(zhou)党(dang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)虽(sui)州(zhou)长射、党(dang)正(zheng)饮(yin)酒亦号曰(yue)乡(xiang)(xiang)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阴礼(li)谓(wei)(wei)男(nan)(nan)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)阴，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知是(shi)(shi)(shi)男(nan)(nan)女昏姻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“昏姻以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)时(shi)则(ze)男(nan)(nan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旷(kuang)(kuang)女不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此约《雄雉》诗序文(wen)“军旅数起，大(da)夫(fu)久役(yi)，男(nan)(nan)女怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“国人久处军役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)男(nan)(nan)女多(duo)怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)也(ye)(ye)。男(nan)(nan)旷(kuang)(kuang)而(er)(er)(er)苦其(qi)(qi)(qi)事，女怨(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)望其(qi)(qi)(qi)君子(zi)。”此经(jing)直云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怨(yuan)，据女而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具显，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑兼言(yan)(yan)(yan)旷(kuang)(kuang)也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然(ran)，彼诗据旧(jiu)成夫(fu)妇，此文(wen)据配(pei)合得时(shi)。时(shi)虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同，若(ruo)失时(shi)，怨(yuan)旷(kuang)(kuang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)引为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)证也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仪(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)君南(nan)面(mian)臣北(bei)面(mian)、父(fu)坐子(zi)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《易(yi)(yi)(yi)·乾凿度》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位，天在上(shang)，地在下(xia)(xia)，君南(nan)面(mian)，臣北(bei)面(mian)，父(fu)坐子(zi)伏，此其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。”郑依(yi)(yi)此言(yan)(yan)(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)。仍有天地不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属(shu)(shu)(shu)”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“俗谓(wei)(wei)土地所(suo)生(sheng)习也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《下(xia)(xia)曲礼(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“君子(zi)行礼(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求变俗。居丧(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)，哭泣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位，皆如(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，而(er)(er)(er)审行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)俗所(suo)习也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“偷(tou)谓(wei)(wei)朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋(mou)夕(xi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《春秋左氏》襄公三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)，穆叔至自会，见孟(meng)孝伯(bo)，语之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“赵孟(meng)将(jiang)死矣(yi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)语偷(tou)。”又(you)孝伯(bo)曰(yue)：“人生(sheng)几(ji)何，谁能无偷(tou)。朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)夕(xi)，将(jiang)焉(yan)用树(shu)？”穆叔出(chu)而(er)(er)(er)告人曰(yue)：“孟(meng)孙(sun)将(jiang)死矣(yi)。吾(wu)语诸(zhu)赵孟(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偷(tou)也(ye)(ye)，而(er)(er)(er)又(you)甚焉(yan)。”昭元年(nian)(nian)，天王(wang)使刘(liu)定公劳赵孟(meng)於(wu)颍，馆於(wu)洛。刘(liu)子(zi)曰(yue)：“美哉禹功(gong)，明(ming)德(de)远矣(yi)。微禹，吾(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鱼(yu)乎！吾(wu)与子(zi)弁冕端委以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治民(min)(min)，临诸(zhu)侯，禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)(ye)。子(zi)盍(he)远绩禹功(gong)而(er)(er)(er)大(da)庇民(min)(min)乎？”对(dui)曰(yue)：“老夫(fu)罪戾是(shi)(shi)(shi)惧(ju)，焉(yan)能恤远。吾(wu)侪偷(tou)食，朝不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)谋(mou)夕(xi)，何其(qi)(qi)(qi)长也(ye)(ye)。”刘(liu)子(zi)归以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)语王(wang)，曰(yue)：“谚所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)老将(jiang)智(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)耄及(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。”以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)此而(er)(er)(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，郑似依(yi)(yi)昭浴蔼(ai)年(nian)(nian)传也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恤谓(wei)(wei)灾(zai)(zai)危(wei)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)忧(you)，民(min)(min)有凶患忧(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懈(xie)怠”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，灾(zai)(zai)危(wei)凶忧(you)谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)遭水旱(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灾(zai)(zai)，岁凶，年(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登(deng)，有无相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)济，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)忧(you)令(ling)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懈(xie)怠也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“度谓(wei)(wei)宫室(shi)车(che)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)《典命(ming)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“上(shang)公九命(ming)”，国家(jia)宫室(shi)车(che)旗衣服礼(li)仪(yi)(yi)，及(ji)(ji)侯伯(bo)子(zi)男(nan)(nan)已下(xia)(xia)各依(yi)(yi)命(ming)数，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)(zhi)度也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“世事谓(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)农(nong)工(gong)商(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，少而(er)(er)(er)习焉(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)心安焉(yan)，因(yin)教以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)业”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《齐语》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“桓公曰(yue)：成民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事若(ruo)何？管(guan)子(zi)曰(yue)：四民(min)(min)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)勿使杂处，杂处则(ze)乱。昔圣王(wang)处士(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)闲燕(yan)，处工(gong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)官府，处商(shang)(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)市井，处农(nong)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)田野。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“士(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)士(shi)(shi)，工(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工(gong)，商(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)商(shang)(shang)，农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒(heng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)农(nong)。少而(er)(er)(er)习焉(yan)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)心安焉(yan)。”是(shi)(shi)(shi)世事也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“慎德(de)谓(wei)(wei)矜其(qi)(qi)(qi)善德(de)劝(quan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，民(min)(min)能矜矜然(ran)求其(qi)(qi)(qi)善德(de)，又(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)劝(quan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)善也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“庸功(gong)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)庸制(zhi)(zhi)禄”，《司士(shi)(shi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)功(gong)诏禄”，庸即(ji)功(gong)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)理同也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书仪(yi)(yi)或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义，杜子(zi)春读(du)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仪(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)(cong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)书读(du)，从(cong)(cong)《大(da)宗伯(bo)》九仪(yi)(yi)，一命(ming)至九命(ming)作(zuo)伯(bo)也(ye)(ye)。
以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物，以相民宅而知其利害，以阜人民，以蕃鸟兽，以毓草木，以任土事。（十二土分野十二邦，上系十二次，各有所宜也。相，占视也。阜，犹盛也。蕃，蕃息也。育，生也。任谓就地所生，因民所能。
○相，息亮反，注同。毓，音(yin)育(yu)。分，扶问反。）
[疏]“以土”至“土事”
○释曰：云“以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物”者，十二土各有所宜不同，所出之物及名皆异，故云以土宜之法辨十有二土之名物也。云“以相民宅”者，谓既知十二土之所宜，以相视民居，使之得所也。云“而知其利害”者，十二土之中，利处居之，害处远之。以阜盛人民，以蕃息鸟兽，以毓生草木者，皆由知利害使之然也。云“以任土事”者，辨十有二土，任人性居之。
○注“十二”至“所能”
○释曰：“十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)土(tu)分野十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)邦，上系(xi)(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)次，各有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《保(bao)章氏》“以(yi)(yi)(yi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)辨九(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)地”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)土(tu)，星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)主土(tu)也(ye)(ye)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“大(da)界(jie)则(ze)曰九(jiu)州。州中诸国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)封域於星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)亦有分焉(yan)。”其书(shu)亡矣，堪舆(yu)虽有，郡国(guo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)入度非古数也(ye)(ye)。今其存(cun)可(ke)言(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)次之(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)(ye)。星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)纪，吴越也(ye)(ye)。玄枵，齐也(ye)(ye)。И訾，卫也(ye)(ye)。降(jiang)娄(lou)，鲁(lu)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)梁，赵也(ye)(ye)。实沈，晋(jin)也(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)首，秦也(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)火(huo)，周也(ye)(ye)。鹑(chun)尾，楚(chu)也(ye)(ye)。寿星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，郑(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。大(da)火(huo)，宋(song)也(ye)(ye)。析(xi)木，燕(yan)也(ye)(ye)。如是(shi)(shi)，天有十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)次，日月之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)躔，地有十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)土(tu)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)国(guo)。又《周语》伶周鸠(jiu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“昔武(wu)王(wang)(wang)(wang)伐商(shang)(shang)，岁在(zai)鹑(chun)火(huo)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岁之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)，则(ze)我之(zhi)(zhi)分野。”故知(zhi)分野十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)邦，上系(xi)(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)次，各有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)宜也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)然，唐(tang)虞及(ji)夏(xia)万(wan)国(guo)，殷周千七百七十(shi)(shi)(shi)三国(guo)，皆依(yi)附十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)邦以(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)次，若(ruo)吴越同次之(zhi)(zhi)类也(ye)(ye)。凡系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)法，皆因(yin)王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)命(ming)(ming)(ming)属焉(yan)。故昭(zhao)元年(nian)《左传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“晋(jin)侯有疾(ji)，郑(zheng)公(gong)孙侨如晋(jin)聘，且问疾(ji)。叔向问焉(yan)，曰：寡君之(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)病(bing)，卜人(ren)曰实沈台骀为(wei)祟，史莫之(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)，敢问此何神(shen)也(ye)(ye)？子产曰：昔高辛氏有二(er)(er)子，伯曰阏(yan)伯，季曰实沈，居於旷林，不相(xiang)能也(ye)(ye)，日寻干(gan)戈以(yi)(yi)(yi)相(xiang)征讨(tao)。后帝不臧，迁(qian)阏(yan)伯於商(shang)(shang)丘，主辰(chen)，商(shang)(shang)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)，故辰(chen)为(wei)商(shang)(shang)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；迁(qian)实沈於大(da)夏(xia)，主参，唐(tang)人(ren)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)服事夏(xia)商(shang)(shang)。”又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“及(ji)成王(wang)(wang)(wang)灭唐(tang)，而封大(da)叔焉(yan)，故参为(wei)晋(jin)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”又襄九(jiu)年(nian)，晋(jin)士弱云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“陶(tao)唐(tang)氏之(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)正阏(yan)伯居商(shang)(shang)丘，祀(si)大(da)火(huo)，相(xiang)土(tu)因(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)，故商(shang)(shang)主大(da)火(huo)。”是(shi)(shi)皆先王(wang)(wang)(wang)命(ming)(ming)(ming)祀(si)之(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)。案(an)《元命(ming)(ming)(ming)包(bao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)君王(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)封，上应(ying)列(lie)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)位”，注：“云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)若(ruo)角亢(kang)为(wei)郑(zheng)，房(fang)心为(wei)宋(song)。比其馀(yu)小(xiao)国(guo)不中星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)附庸。”若(ruo)然，附庸不系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，其馀(yu)皆系(xi)(xi)星(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“任谓就地所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生，因(yin)民所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能”者(zhe)(zhe)，地之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生出物不同，民之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)资(zi)事业有异，谓若(ruo)居山者(zhe)(zhe)利(li)其金玉、锡(xi)石(shi)、禽兽(shou)、材木，居泽者(zhe)(zhe)利(li)其鱼盐，居陆(lu)者(zhe)(zhe)利(li)其田蚕，是(shi)(shi)其任谓就地所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生因(yin)民所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能而居之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
辨十有二壤之物而知其种，以教稼穑树艺。（壤亦土也，变言耳。以万物自生焉则言土，土犹吐也。以人所耕而树艺焉则言壤，壤，和缓之貌。《诗》云：“树之榛栗。”又曰：“我艺黍稷。”艺犹莳也。
○种，章勇反。榛，则人(ren)反。莳，时(shi)至反。）
[疏]“辨十”至“树艺”
○释曰：此十二壤即上十二土。上经论居人物之事，此经辨其种殖所宜，故变其文。云“辨十二壤之物”者，分别物之所生而知其所殖之种，遂即以教民，春稼秋穑，以树其木，以艺其黍稷也。
○注“壤亦”至“莳也”
○释曰：上(shang)经既欲居民，不必皆须(xu)树艺(yi)，故云土取(qu)万物自生为名。此经据(ju)树艺(yi)而言，故变云壤，取(qu)和缓为义，故郑云“变言耳”。《诗(shi)》云“树之(zhi)(zhi)榛栗”，是(shi)《定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)方中》诗(shi)，引之(zhi)(zhi)证经树是(shi)植木。又曰“我(wo)艺(yi)黍(shu)稷”，是(shi)《楚茨》之(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)，引之(zhi)(zhi)证经艺(yi)是(shi)黍(shu)稷也。
以土均之法辨五物九等，制天下之地征，以作民职，以令地贡，以敛财赋，以均齐天下之政。（均，平也。五物，五地之物也。九等，も刚、赤缇之属。征，税也。民职，民九职也。地贡，贡地所生，谓九。财谓泉。赋谓九赋及军赋。
○も，虽营反。缇，音低。）
[疏]“以土”至“之政”
○释曰：“以土均之法辨五物”者，即上山林川泽之等是也。云“九等”者，据五地之内分为九等之地，も刚、赤缇之属，其种所宜不同也。云“制天下之地征”者，言天下则并畿外邦国所税入天子而言也。此地征与下为目也。“以作民职”者，民有职业，乃可税之。云“以令地贡”者，地贡即九职之税也。云“以敛财赋”者，敛财即大宰“九赋敛财贿”，一也。既言财又别言赋者，欲见财既为九赋敛财，赋中又兼有军赋，故财赋殊言之。云“以均齐天下之政”者，大司徒以法均齐之，天下皆使依法，故云均齐天下之政也。
○注“均平”至“军赋”
○释(shi)曰：九等(deng)(deng)知是も刚之(zhi)(zhi)属者(zhe)，但地(di)(di)或(huo)云(yun)十(shi)等(deng)(deng)，或(huo)云(yun)五地(di)(di)，或(huo)云(yun)十(shi)二(er)(er)土(tu)，皆(jie)(jie)无云(yun)九等(deng)(deng)者(zhe)，案《草人(ren)职》云(yun)，も刚、赤(chi)缇之(zhi)(zhi)属有九等(deng)(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)是地(di)(di)势所宜粪种之(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)，故(gu)郑(zheng)以(yi)も刚、赤(chi)缇之(zhi)(zhi)属解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“地(di)(di)贡，贡地(di)(di)所生，谓九”者(zhe)，案：大(da)宰以(yi)九职任万(wan)民，即(ji)(ji)云(yun)“一(yi)曰三(san)农生九”，此经(jing)云(yun)“以(yi)作(zuo)民职”，为九职，即(ji)(ji)云(yun)“令地(di)(di)贡”，明贡是九可知。云(yun)“财谓泉”者(zhe)，案《大(da)宰》云(yun)“以(yi)九赋(fu)敛(lian)财贿”，彼注亦云(yun)：“财，泉”，则(ze)以(yi)泉当赋(fu)泉之(zhi)(zhi)数也。云(yun)“赋(fu)谓九赋(fu)及军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)”者(zhe)，以(yi)经(jing)云(yun)财赋(fu)不得为一(yi)事解之(zhi)(zhi)。今郑(zheng)以(yi)赋(fu)为军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)者(zhe)，则(ze)赋(fu)中(zhong)兼军(jun)(jun)赋(fu)，谓甲士三(san)人(ren)、步卒七(qi)十(shi)二(er)(er)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)。
以土圭之法测土深，正日景，以求地中。日南则景短多暑，日北则景长多寒，日东则景夕多风，日西则景朝多阴。（土圭，所以致四时日月之景也。测犹度也，不知广深故曰测。故书求为救，杜子春云：“当为求。”郑司农云：“测土深，谓南北东西之深也。日南谓立表处大南，近日也。日北谓立表处大北，远日也。景夕谓日跌景乃中，立表之处大东，近日也。景朝谓日未中而景中，立表处大西，远日也。”玄谓昼漏半而置土圭，表阴阳，审其南北。景短於土圭谓之日南，是地於日为近南也。景长於土圭谓之日北，是地於日为近北也。东於土圭谓之日东，是地於日为近东也。西於土圭谓之日西，是地於日为近西也。如是则寒暑阴风偏而不和，是未得其所求。凡日景於地，千里而差一寸。
○深，尺鸩(zhen)反。景，如(ru)字，本或(huo)作影，非，下及注同(tong)。度，待(dai)(dai)洛反，下同(tong)。近(jin)，附近(jin)之近(jin)，下同(tong)。远日，于万反。跌，待(dai)(dai)结反。）
[疏]“以土”至“多阴”
○释曰：案《玉人职》云“土圭尺有五寸”。周公摄政四年，欲求土中而营王城，故以土圭度日景之法测度也。度土之深，深谓日景长短之深也。正日景者，夏日至，昼漏半，表北得尺五寸景，正与土圭等，即地中，故云“正日景以求地中”也。“日南则景短多暑”者，周公度日景之时，置五表。五表者，於颍川阳城置一表为中表，中表南千里又置一表，中表北千里又置一表，中表东千里又置一表，中表西千里又置一表。今言日南景短多暑者，据中表之南表而言，亦昼漏半，立八尺之表，表北得尺四寸景，不满尺五寸，不与土圭等，是其日南，是地於日为近南。景短多暑，不堪置都之事北。云“日北”者，据中表之北表而言，亦昼漏半，表北得尺六寸景，是地於日为近北，是其景长多寒之事也。云“日东则景夕多风”者，据中表之东表而言，亦於昼漏半中表景得正时，东表日已跌矣，是地於日为近东。亦昼漏半已得夕景，故云景夕多风。云“日西则景朝多阴”者，据中表之西表而言，是地於日为近西。亦於昼漏半中表景得正时，西表日未中乃得朝时之景，故云日西则景朝多阴。此经皆未得所求耳。解《洪范》之义，依《五行传》，风属中央，雨属东方。今西方云多阴，东方云多风者，土为木妻，木为金妻，从妻所好。故月离於箕，风扬沙，月离於毕，俾滂池。故此东方多风、西方多阴，阴即雨也。
○注“土圭”至“一寸”
○释曰：案《冯相氏(shi)》云(yun)(yun)“冬夏(xia)致(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，春秋致(zhi)月”，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭(gui)度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)《冬官(guan)考工记》云(yun)(yun)“土(tu)圭(gui)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)五(wu)寸(cun)以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)：“土(tu)圭(gui)，所以(yi)(yi)致(zhi)四时日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也。”云(yun)(yun)“测犹度也，不(bu)知(zhi)广深，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰测”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，广深喻(yu)远(yuan)近(jin)(jin)(jin)。以(yi)(yi)经云(yun)(yun)测土(tu)深，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)广深也。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)“测土(tu)深谓(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北东(dong)(dong)西(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深也”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)据经云(yun)(yun)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)东(dong)(dong)、日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)西(xi)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)土(tu)圭(gui)测度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)谓(wei)立(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)处(chu)大南(nan)(nan)(nan)，近(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)於(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)在南(nan)(nan)(nan)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，北表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)出东(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)而(er)(er)(er)西(xi)流，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)东(dong)(dong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，西(xi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)。云(yun)(yun)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)夕(xi)谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)跌景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半，东(dong)(dong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)跌，中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)朝谓(wei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)未(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)而(er)(er)(er)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半，西(xi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)未(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)，而(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)乃中(zhong)(zhong)也。“玄谓(wei)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半而(er)(er)(er)置土(tu)圭(gui)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)，审(shen)其南(nan)(nan)(nan)北”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)释景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)短之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。度景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法，冬至(zhi)夏(xia)至(zhi)，皆(jie)可为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。皆(jie)据昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)取日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)正午(wu)乃得(de)其端直也。云(yun)(yun)“表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，东(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)别云(yun)(yun)审(shen)其南(nan)(nan)(nan)北也。又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)短於(wu)(wu)(wu)土(tu)圭(gui)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)，是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)与(yu)(yu)先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)殊。更云(yun)(yun)“是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)已下(xia)(xia)(xia)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)近(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)远(yuan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，恐人以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)东(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)(di)高为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，北方(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)(xia)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)远(yuan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，有(you)此地(di)(di)(di)高下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)增成先(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)北，於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)东(dong)(dong)，於(wu)(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)。四方(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，皆(jie)去中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)千里(li)(li)，而(er)(er)(er)云(yun)(yun)是(shi)立(li)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处(chu)，其地(di)(di)(di)於(wu)(wu)(wu)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)北、为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)东(dong)(dong)、为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)近(jin)(jin)(jin)西(xi)也。云(yun)(yun)“如(ru)是(shi)则(ze)寒暑(shu)阴(yin)(yin)风偏而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)和(he)，是(shi)未(wei)得(de)其所求(qiu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此言对下(xia)(xia)(xia)经地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)阴(yin)(yin)阳(yang)风雨(yu)和(he)会，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)所求(qiu)也。云(yun)(yun)“凡日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)於(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)千里(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)差一寸(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《三(san)光考灵耀》云(yun)(yun)“四游升降於(wu)(wu)(wu)三(san)万里(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)”，下(xia)(xia)(xia)云(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)尺(chi)(chi)有(you)五(wu)寸(cun)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)”。则(ze)是(shi)半三(san)万里(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)万五(wu)千里(li)(li)，与(yu)(yu)土(tu)圭(gui)等，是(shi)千里(li)(li)差一寸(cun)，算法亦(yi)然。言此者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见经日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)南(nan)(nan)(nan)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)北之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等，皆(jie)去中(zhong)(zhong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)千里(li)(li)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)术，景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)长(zhang)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)短皆(jie)差一寸(cun)耳(er)。知(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)皆(jie)高八尺(chi)(chi)而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其《通(tong)卦(gua)验》云(yun)(yun)：“冬日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至(zhi)，树八尺(chi)(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)中(zhong)(zhong)视其晷。”是(shi)以(yi)(yi)知(zhi)用八尺(chi)(chi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，而(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)昼(zhou)(zhou)漏(lou)半度景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)也。
日(ri)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景尺有(you)(you)五寸，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地中：天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所合也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，四时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所交也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，风雨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所会(hui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，阴阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所和也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)则百物阜安(an)，乃(nai)建王(wang)国(guo)焉，制其(qi)畿(ji)方千里而封树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。（景尺有(you)(you)五寸者，南戴日(ri)下万(wan)五千里，地与(yu)星辰四游升降於三万(wan)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，是以(yi)半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。畿(ji)方千里，取(qu)象於日(ri)一寸为正(zheng)。树，树木沟上，所以(yi)表(biao)助阻固也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。郑司农云：“土圭(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长尺有(you)(you)五寸，以(yi)夏至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)立八尺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)，其(qi)景与(yu)土圭(gui)等，谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地中。今颍川(chuan)阳城地为然(ran)。）
[疏]“日至”至“树之”
○释曰：上经置五表於四方，四表未得所求，今於中表夏日至亦昼漏半立八尺之表，表北得景尺有五寸，景与土圭等，谓之地中。於此地中之所，“天地之所合也”者，天地不合，万物不生，天地配合，万物乃生，故《乐记》云“天地合”是也。“四时之所交也”者，即《尚书》所云“宅南交”，孔云：“言夏与春交。”举一隅以见之，则秋与夏交、冬与秋交、春与冬交可知，故云四时所交也。“风雨之所会也”者，风雨所至会合人心，谓若《礼器》云“飨帝於郊，风雨寒暑时”是也。“阴阳之所和也”者，谓若昭四年《左氏》申丰云“冬无愆阳，夏无伏阴”，是其阴阳和也。“然则百物阜安”者，总结上句所合已下。然尢如是。阜，盛也。如是四事得所，则百物盛安也。“乃建王国焉”者，建，立也。於此盛安之处乃立王之国城焉。“制其畿方千里”者，王畿千里，以象日月之大。中置国城，面各五百里，制畿界。“而封树之”者，於畿封之上而作深沟，土在沟上谓之为封，封上树木以为阻固，故云而封树之。
○注“景尺”至“为然”
○释(shi)(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“景(jing)(jing)(jing)尺(chi)有五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲释(shi)(shi)经(jing)景(jing)(jing)(jing)尺(chi)有五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)得地(di)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“南(nan)(nan)戴日(ri)(ri)下(xia)万(wan)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，景(jing)(jing)(jing)一寸(cun)(cun)差千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故於(wu)(wu)地(di)中尺(chi)五(wu)(wu)寸(cun)(cun)景(jing)(jing)(jing)，去南(nan)(nan)戴日(ri)(ri)下(xia)万(wan)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“地(di)与星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)四(si)游升(sheng)降於(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《考灵耀》文。言四(si)游升(sheng)降者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，春(chun)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，地(di)与星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)复(fu)本位；至(zhi)夏(xia)至(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri)(ri)，地(di)与星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)东(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)游万(wan)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，下(xia)降亦(yi)然(ran)；至(zhi)秋分(fen)(fen)还复(fu)正(zheng)；至(zhi)冬至(zhi)，地(di)与星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)游亦(yi)万(wan)五(wu)(wu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，上(shang)升(sheng)亦(yi)然(ran)；至(zhi)春(chun)分(fen)(fen)还复(fu)正(zheng)。进(jin)退不(bu)(bu)(bu)过三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)与星(xing)(xing)辰(chen)四(si)游升(sheng)降於(wu)(wu)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，是(shi)以半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中也。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“畿方(fang)(fang)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，取象於(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)一寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，郑(zheng)注(zhu)《王(wang)(wang)制》，“象日(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)，亦(yi)取晷(gui)同”，此云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)取象於(wu)(wu)日(ri)(ri)一寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)言象日(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，略(lve)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)一寸(cun)(cun)为(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即是(shi)景(jing)(jing)(jing)一寸(cun)(cun)地(di)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，与《王(wang)(wang)制》注(zhu)“晷(gui)同”一也。案《元命(ming)包》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“日(ri)(ri)圆，望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)广(guang)尺(chi)，以应(ying)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”，故郑(zheng)注(zhu)《王(wang)(wang)制》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“象日(ri)(ri)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)”也。又(you)案《考灵耀》曰(yue)：“从上(shang)临下(xia)八(ba)万(wan)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，天(tian)以圆覆，地(di)以方(fang)(fang)载。”《河图括(kuo)地(di)象》曰(yue)：“天(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)，地(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)东(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)。西(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)门，东(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地(di)户。天(tian)门无上(shang)，地(di)门无下(xia)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“极广(guang)长，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)，二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，东(dong)(dong)西(xi)二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)左动(dong)，起於(wu)(wu)牵牛。地(di)右动(dong)，起於(wu)(wu)毕(bi)。”《广(guang)雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天(tian)圜(yuan)，南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)二(er)(er)亿(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)(san)万(wan)三(san)(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)步(bu)(bu)。东(dong)(dong)西(xi)短(duan)，减四(si)步(bu)(bu)。周(zhou)六(liu)亿(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)步(bu)(bu)。从地(di)至(zhi)天(tian)，亿(yi)(yi)(yi)一万(wan)六(liu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)七(qi)百(bai)(bai)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)半。下(xia)度(du)(du)(du)(du)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厚，与天(tian)高等。”《天(tian)度(du)(du)(du)(du)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“东(dong)(dong)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)宿(su)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)宿(su)百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，西(xi)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)宿(su)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)七(qi)宿(su)九(jiu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)度(du)(du)(du)(du)四(si)分(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。四(si)方(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)四(si)分(fen)(fen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。度(du)(du)(du)(du)二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)(qian)九(jiu)百(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。二(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)宿(su)间相距，积百(bai)(bai)七(qi)万(wan)九(jiu)百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，径三(san)(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)万(wan)六(liu)千(qian)(qian)(qian)九(jiu)百(bai)(bai)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。”郑(zheng)司(si)农云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“颍(ying)川(chuan)阳城(cheng)地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，颍(ying)川(chuan)郡阳城(cheng)县是(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)景(jing)(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)处，古迹犹存，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)地(di)为(wei)(wei)(wei)然(ran)也。案《春(chun)秋左氏》，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)克商(shang)，迁九(jiu)鼎(ding)於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，邑(yi)欲以为(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在颍(ying)川(chuan)地(di)中者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)欲取河洛(luo)(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间形胜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，洛(luo)(luo)都(dou)难不(bu)(bu)(bu)在地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)中，颍(ying)川(chuan)地(di)中仍(reng)在畿内(nei)。若然(ran)，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)已迁鼎(ding)於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，欲以为(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)又(you)度(du)(du)(du)(du)景(jing)(jing)(jing)求(qiu)地(di)中者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，武(wu)王(wang)(wang)虽定鼎(ding)讫，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)更度(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，所(suo)以审慎故。案《书传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“四(si)年(nian)建(jian)侯卫，五(wu)(wu)年(nian)营(ying)成(cheng)周(zhou)”，建(jian)侯卫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，在《尚书·康诰》封康叔是(shi)也。案《康诰》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“惟三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)，哉生魄，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)初基(ji)(ji)，作新大(da)邑(yi)于东(dong)(dong)国洛(luo)(luo)，四(si)方(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民大(da)和会。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“岐镐(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)处五(wu)(wu)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外，周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)其於(wu)(wu)政不(bu)(bu)(bu)均(jun)，故东(dong)(dong)行(xing)於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)，合(he)诸侯，谋作天(tian)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)居(ju)。四(si)方(fang)(fang)民闻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，同心(xin)来会，乐即功作，效其力焉。是(shi)时(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)居(ju)摄(she)(she)四(si)年(nian)也。”又(you)案《召(zhao)诰》“惟三(san)(san)(san)月(yue)丙午フ”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“是(shi)时(shi)周(zhou)公(gong)(gong)居(ju)摄(she)(she)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)。越三(san)(san)(san)日(ri)(ri)戊申(shen)，大(da)保(bao)朝至(zhi)於(wu)(wu)洛(luo)(luo)，卜宅。厥既得卜，则经(jing)营(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”若然(ran)，洛(luo)(luo)邑(yi)在摄(she)(she)政四(si)年(nian)初为(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)止，至(zhi)五(wu)(wu)年(nian)，乃(nai)正(zheng)营(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。
凡建邦国，以土圭土其地而制其域：诸公之地，封疆方五百里，其食者半；诸侯之地，封疆方四百里，其食者参之一；诸伯之地，封疆方三百里，其食者参之一；诸子之地，封疆方二百里，其食者四之一；诸男之地，封疆方百里，其食者四之一。（土其地，犹言度其地。郑司农云：“土其地，但为正四方耳。其食者半，公所食租税得其半耳，其半皆附庸小国也，属天子。参之一者亦然。故《鲁颂》曰：‘锡之山川，土地附庸。奄有龟蒙，遂荒大东，至于海邦。’《论语》曰：‘季氏将伐颛臾，孔子曰：先王以为东蒙主，且在邦域之中，是社稷之臣。’此非七十里所能容，然则方五百里四百里合於《鲁颂》、《论语》之言。诸男食者四之一，方五十里，独此与今五经家说合耳。”玄谓其食者半、参之一、四之一者，土均均邦国地贡轻重之等。其率之也，公之地以一易，侯伯之地以再易，子男之地以三易，必足其国礼俗丧纪祭祀之用，乃贡其馀。若今度支经用，馀为司农矣。大国贡重，正之也。小国贡轻，字之也。凡诸侯为牧正帅长及有德者，乃有附庸，为其有禄者当取焉。公无附庸，侯附庸九同，伯附庸七同，子附庸五同，男附庸三同。进则取焉，退则归焉。鲁於周法不得有附庸，故言锡之也。地方七百里者，包附庸，以大言之也。附庸二十四，言得兼此一等矣。
○疆(jiang)，居良反，下同。颛(zhuan)，之宣反。臾，音榆。率，音律，又音类，後注同。正之，音征。字，如字，一音兹(zi)。为(wei)其，于伪反。）
[疏]“凡建”至“之一”
○释曰：上经既陈天子之国并畿内千里，此经说诸侯邦国，故云“凡建邦国以土圭土其地”。土犹度也，以土圭度其地。假令封上公五百里，国北畔立八尺之表，夏至昼漏半，得尺五寸景，与土圭等，南畔得尺四寸五分，其中减五分。一分百里，五分则五百里。减四分则四百里封侯，减三分则三百里封伯，减二分则二百里封子，减一分则一百里封男，是土其地之法。“而制其域”者，自上公五百里已下，境界皆有营域封圻。云“诸公之地封疆方五百里，其食者半”者，言天子封公以五百里之地，其一国之税天子食其半。云“诸侯之地封疆方四百里，其食者参之一”者，谓三分之，天子食其一分。云“诸伯之地封疆方三百里其食者，参之一”者，亦与侯同。云诸子之地诸男之地皆云四之一者，谓总得一国之税，四分之，天子食其一分，故云其食者四之一。其天子所食者，皆谓诸侯市取美物以贡天子，即《大宰》九贡是也。其公之税有半，侯伯有三之二，子男有四之三，皆自入充国家畜积礼俗丧纪之用也。
○注“土其”至“等矣”
○释曰：“土(tu)(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)犹(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)度(du)(du)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案：上经(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)圭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)测(ce)土(tu)(tu)深，测(ce)犹(you)度(du)(du)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)圭土(tu)(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)土(tu)(tu)正(zheng)(zheng)当测(ce)处，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)犹(you)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)度(du)(du)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)土(tu)(tu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)但(dan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)耳(er)(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)意，案上经(jing)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)度(du)(du)取(qu)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)封诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)但(dan)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)而(er)已(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)求土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)但(dan)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)租(zu)税(shui)得(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)耳(er)(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，属(shu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)然”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)意，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)并入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)所(suo)(suo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)租(zu)税(shui)得(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)耳(er)(er)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，属(shu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)亦(yi)然也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)郑虽(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)意亦(yi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)自(zi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)於(wu)(wu)经(jing)文虽(sui)(sui)(sui)似(si)通，若(ruo)然，则(ze)(ze)大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)轻(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)重(zhong)，非(fei)字(zi)(zi)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，於(wu)(wu)义(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)後郑不(bu)(bu)(bu)从。引《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)》曰“锡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山川”已(yi)(yi)下(xia)至“社稷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，上公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)尽有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，鲁(lu)(lu)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵(jue)，受(shou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，《明(ming)堂位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)外并是(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，即(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦(yi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)皆(jie)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)非(fei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)所(suo)(suo)能(neng)容(rong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，见孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、何休(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)无(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，鲁(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)已(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)破(po)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)，据《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)》、《论语(yu)》非(fei)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)能(neng)容(rong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“然则(ze)(ze)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)合(he)(he)於(wu)(wu)《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)》、《论语(yu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)据此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)与(yu)(yu)(yu)《鲁(lu)(lu)颂(song)》、《论语(yu)》合(he)(he)，亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)破(po)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)男(nan)(nan)(nan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)意，男(nan)(nan)(nan)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)得(de)(de)(de)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)自(zi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)，所(suo)(suo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“独此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)与(yu)(yu)(yu)今五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)说合(he)(he)耳(er)(er)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)张苞、何休(xiu)、孟子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)周法(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)男(nan)(nan)(nan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)与(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)经(jing)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)说合(he)(he)。若(ruo)自(zi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)已(yi)(yi)上以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，於(wu)(wu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)已(yi)(yi)上四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)直(zhi)举男(nan)(nan)(nan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、参(can)(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)、四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，土(tu)(tu)均(jun)均(jun)邦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)轻(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案下(xia)《土(tu)(tu)均(jun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)均(jun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)，均(jun)即(ji)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)所(suo)(suo)均(jun)征税(shui)邦国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)轻(qing)(qing)(qing)重(zhong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)率之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)再易(yi)(yi)(yi)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)民受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)再易(yi)(yi)(yi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，据贡(gong)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)耕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，入诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)(yi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)耕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)，似(si)二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)佃(dian)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，似(si)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)，佃(dian)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)，留(liu)二(er)(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)似(si)荒(huang)废者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)(yi)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)贡(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，似(si)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)得(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)，佃(dian)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)，留(liu)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，似(si)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)亩(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)耕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。民但(dan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)无(wu)三(san)(san)易(yi)(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，直(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)况义(yi)耳(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“必足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)礼俗(su)(su)丧(sang)纪祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)，乃(nai)(nai)贡(gong)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，後郑意，释公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)已(yi)(yi)下(xia)渐少(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)广，税(shui)物多(duo)(duo)，但(dan)留(liu)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)自(zi)用(yong)，即(ji)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)俗(su)(su)丧(sang)纪及(ji)畜(chu)积(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)半(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)差少(shao)，则(ze)(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)税(shui)亦(yi)少(shao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)留(liu)自(zi)用(yong)乃(nai)(nai)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)受(shou)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)少(shao)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)税(shui)转少(shao)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃(nai)(nai)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)贡(gong)入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。注(zhu)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)畜(chu)积(ji)(ji)，但(dan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，明(ming)畜(chu)积(ji)(ji)注(zhu)中(zhong)乃(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)(de)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)足(zu)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)无(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畜(chu)曰不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“若(ruo)今度(du)(du)支(zhi)经(jing)用(yong)，馀(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，度(du)(du)支(zhi)经(jing)用(yong)，似(si)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)丧(sang)纪所(suo)(suo)用(yong)。馀(yu)(yu)(yu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)司(si)(si)(si)农(nong)(nong)矣者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，入天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)据汉法(fa)(fa)(fa)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)况之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)重(zhong)正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)贡(gong)轻(qing)(qing)(qing)字(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。字(zi)(zi)，爱也(ye)(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)爱小国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。若(ruo)然，三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)轻(qing)(qing)(qing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)。後郑言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，破(po)先(xian)郑其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，三(san)(san)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，二(er)(er)(er)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，非(fei)字(zi)(zi)小之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。又(you)见采地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)税(shui)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)贡(gong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从先(xian)郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凡(fan)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧(mu)(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)帅(shuai)长(zhang)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，乃(nai)(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)属(shu)，属(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)长(zhang)；十(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)连，连有(you)(you)(you)(you)帅(shuai)；三(san)(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卒，卒有(you)(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)；二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)州，州有(you)(you)(you)(you)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)。”伯(bo)(bo)(bo)即(ji)牧(mu)(mu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)牧(mu)(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)帅(shuai)长(zhang)皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)乃(nai)(nai)得(de)(de)(de)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。又(you)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)，虽(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)牧(mu)(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)帅(shuai)长(zhang)，亦(yi)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑总云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)诸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)牧(mu)(mu)正(zheng)(zheng)帅(shuai)长(zhang)及(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃(nai)(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)焉(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)禄者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)当取(qu)焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)(wei)取(qu)间田为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禄也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)无(wu)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)畿方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)千里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，上公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)极，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)无(wu)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)九(jiu)(jiu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)，进(jin)受(shou)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。但(dan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六，加(jia)九(jiu)(jiu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)九(jiu)(jiu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“伯(bo)(bo)(bo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，伯(bo)(bo)(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，三(san)(san)三(san)(san)而(er)九(jiu)(jiu)，加(jia)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)知伯(bo)(bo)(bo)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)男(nan)(nan)(nan)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)进(jin)受(shou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，加(jia)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。男(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)功(gong)受(shou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，男(nan)(nan)(nan)本(ben)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，加(jia)三(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)与(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。开(kai)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)皆(jie)可(ke)知。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“进(jin)则(ze)(ze)取(qu)焉(yan)，退(tui)则(ze)(ze)归焉(yan)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，进(jin)则(ze)(ze)取(qu)焉(yan)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，退(tui)则(ze)(ze)归焉(yan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)间田者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《王(wang)(wang)制(zhi)》一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内二(er)(er)(er)百(bai)(bai)(bai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)间田，并言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“鲁(lu)(lu)於(wu)(wu)周法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)锡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，鲁(lu)(lu)虽(sui)(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)爵(jue)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)母弟，虽(sui)(sui)(sui)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)，画服(fu)如上公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，受(shou)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，与(yu)(yu)(yu)上公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)典法(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勋，赐鲁(lu)(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男(nan)(nan)(nan)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《明(ming)堂位(wei)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”。郑云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)包附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，又(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)得(de)(de)(de)兼(jian)(jian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，鲁(lu)(lu)本(ben)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)面(mian)各(ge)(ge)加(jia)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)，即(ji)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)角(jiao)又(you)各(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)周公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)德(de)(de)(de)，兼(jian)(jian)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)九(jiu)(jiu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、伯(bo)(bo)(bo)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、男(nan)(nan)(nan)三(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)兼(jian)(jian)此(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)矣。凡(fan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)则(ze)(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)，周法(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)乃(nai)(nai)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。今皆(jie)名(ming)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)实不(bu)(bu)(bu)满百(bai)(bai)(bai)里(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，积(ji)(ji)集附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，并数之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。假令男(nan)(nan)(nan)附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)三(san)(san)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，附(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)庸(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)则(ze)(ze)多(duo)(duo)矣，据成(cheng)(cheng)周而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)三(san)(san)耳(er)(er)。自(zi)馀(yu)(yu)(yu)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已(yi)(yi)上，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)可(ke)知也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
凡造都鄙，制其地域而封沟之，以其室数制之。不易之地家百亩，一易之地家二百亩，再易之地家三百亩。（都鄙，王子弟公卿大夫采地，其界曰都，鄙所居也。《王制》曰：“天子之县内，方百里之国九，七十里之国二十有一，五十里之国六十有三。”此盖夏时采地之数，周未闻矣。《春秋传》曰：“迁郑焉而鄙留。”城郭之宅曰室。《诗》云：“嗟我妇子，曰为改岁，入此室处。”其室数制之，谓制丘甸之属。《王制》曰：“凡居民，量地以制邑，度地以居民，地邑民居，必参相得。”郑司农云：“不易之地岁种之，地美，故家百亩。一易之地休一岁乃复种，地薄，故家二百亩。再易之地休二岁乃复种，故家三百亩。
○亩，本亦作古(gu)亩字。甸(dian)，刘常证反。复，扶又反，下同。）
[疏]“凡造”至“百亩”
○释曰：上言王畿及诸侯邦国，至此更言畿内都鄙三等采地。云“凡造都鄙制其地域”者，案《载师职》“家邑任稍地，小都任县地，大都任地”，又下文《小司徒职》云：“四丘为甸，四甸为县，四县为都。”家邑二十五里，小都五十里，大都百里，是造都鄙制其地域也。云“而封沟之”者，谓三等采地四境界上皆有沟，封而树之，以为阻固。云“以其室数制之”者，其室在都邑之内，而云制之者，依其城内室数，於四野之中制地与之，谓若九夫为井、四井为邑、四邑为丘、四丘为甸、四甸为县、四县为都之等是也。云“不易之地家百亩者，此谓上地，年年佃之，故家百亩。云“一易之地家二百亩”者，谓年别佃百亩、废百亩。云“再易之地家三百亩”者，以其地薄，年年佃百亩、废二百亩，三年再易乃遍，故云再易也。
○注“都鄙”至“百亩”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：言“都(dou)鄙(bi)，王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)弟(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)采地(di)(di)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在(zai)大(da)(da)都(dou)，卿(qing)在(zai)小(xiao)都(dou)，大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)在(zai)家(jia)邑。其(qi)(qi)(qi)亲王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)母弟(di)与(yu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同在(zai)大(da)(da)都(dou)，次疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)卿(qing)同在(zai)小(xiao)都(dou)，次更疏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)与(yu)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)同在(zai)家(jia)邑，故(gu)总云(yun)(yun)(yun)都(dou)鄙(bi)王(wang)(wang)(wang)子(zi)弟(di)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿(qing)大(da)(da)夫(fu)(fu)采地(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)界曰(yue)(yue)(yue)都(dou)，鄙(bi)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，三(san)等采地(di)(di)皆(jie)有城(cheng)郭，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)鄙(bi)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。据其(qi)(qi)(qi)四境，即是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)界曰(yue)(yue)(yue)都(dou)。又引《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)“天(tian)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)县内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)方(fang)百里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)九(jiu)(jiu)”云(yun)(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)(yun)，又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“此(ci)盖夏(xia)时(shi)采地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：殷周(zhou)(zhou)皆(jie)称“畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”，《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“县内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)”，疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)时(shi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)此(ci)盖夏(xia)时(shi)采地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“周(zhou)(zhou)未闻(wen)(wen)矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《洛诰(gao)》传云(yun)(yun)(yun)“天(tian)下诸(zhu)侯入来(lai)，进受命於(wu)(wu)周(zhou)(zhou)，退见(jian)(jian)文武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)户(hu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，千七(qi)百七(qi)十(shi)三(san)诸(zhu)侯”，注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“八州，州立二百一(yi)十(shi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)三(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。”云(yun)(yun)(yun)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)三(san)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，即此(ci)都(dou)鄙(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数有文矣。而(er)云(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻(wen)(wen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)无正(zheng)文，故(gu)疑焉(yan)。或未可(ke)闻(wen)(wen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo)、次国(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)各有几国(guo)(guo)(guo)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)未闻(wen)(wen)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)实总数则(ze)(ze)闻(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“《春秋(qiu)传》曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：迁(qian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)焉(yan)而(er)鄙(bi)留(liu)(liu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)桓(huan)十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)夏(xia)五月(yue)，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯寤生(sheng)(sheng)卒。秋(qiu)七(qi)月(yue)，葬郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。九(jiu)(jiu)月(yue)，宋(song)人执郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)祭仲。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“祭仲者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)(he)？郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)相也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。何(he)(he)以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)名？贤乎(hu)祭仲，以(yi)为(wei)知权(quan)(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)为(wei)知权(quan)(quan)奈何(he)(he)？古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)处於(wu)(wu)留(liu)(liu)，先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)伯有善於(wu)(wu)郐公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，通乎(hu)夫(fu)(fu)人，以(yi)取其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)，而(er)迁(qian)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)焉(yan)，而(er)野留(liu)(liu)。庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si)，已葬，祭仲将(jiang)往省于留(liu)(liu)，涂出於(wu)(wu)宋(song)，宋(song)人执之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘为(wei)我出忽而(er)立突。’祭仲不(bu)(bu)(bu)从其(qi)(qi)(qi)言，则(ze)(ze)君(jun)必(bi)死(si)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)必(bi)亡；从其(qi)(qi)(qi)言，则(ze)(ze)君(jun)可(ke)以(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)易死(si)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)可(ke)以(yi)存易亡，是(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)权(quan)(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”野、鄙(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)何(he)(he)？郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)所(suo)(suo)见(jian)(jian)传异也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)玄《发墨守》云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)始封(feng)君(jun)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，周(zhou)(zhou)宣王(wang)(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母弟(di)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)宗周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，今京(jing)兆郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)县是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。桓(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，迁(qian)居(ju)东周(zhou)(zhou)畿(ji)(ji)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，国(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)虢(guo)、郐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间(jian)，今河南(nan)新(xin)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。武(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)庄(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，因其(qi)(qi)(qi)国(guo)(guo)(guo)焉(yan)。留(liu)(liu)乃在(zai)陈、宋(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东，郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)受封(feng)至此(ci)三(san)世(shi)，安得古者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)国(guo)(guo)(guo)处於(wu)(wu)留(liu)(liu)，祭仲将(jiang)往省留(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)乎(hu)？”是(shi)(shi)(shi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)从《公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，直取鄙(bi)所(suo)(suo)居(ju)为(wei)义也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)居(ju)留(liu)(liu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，犹自(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)文取而(er)义不(bu)(bu)(bu)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)“城(cheng)郭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宅曰(yue)(yue)(yue)室(shi)”，又引诗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)《七(qi)月(yue)》诗，取证室(shi)在(zai)城(cheng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，於(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)数，制(zhi)(zhi)城(cheng)外(wai)井(jing)邑。又云(yun)(yun)(yun)“制(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)丘(qiu)甸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)下《小(xiao)司徒》云(yun)(yun)(yun)四井(jing)为(wei)邑，以(yi)至丘(qiu)甸县都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又引《王(wang)(wang)(wang)制(zhi)(zhi)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见(jian)(jian)邑在(zai)城(cheng)外(wai)，居(ju)在(zai)城(cheng)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)，外(wai)内(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)多少，必(bi)参相得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。
乃分地职、奠地守、制地贡而颁职事焉，以为地法而待政令。（分地职，分其九职所宜也。定地守，谓衡麓虞候之属。制地贡，谓九职所税也。颁职事者，分命使各为其所职之事。
○奠(dian)，刘音定。）
[疏]注“分地”至“之事”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)，分(fen)其(qi)九职(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上经既授上中下地(di)(di)(di)(di)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)经云(yun)分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)，故知分(fen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)分(fen)九职(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)。九职(zhi)(zhi)，则(ze)《大宰》云(yun)“一曰(yue)(yue)(yue)三农生(sheng)九”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。所(suo)(suo)宜(yi)，谓若(ruo)(ruo)《孝(xiao)经》“注高田(tian)宜(yi)黍，稷下田(tian)宜(yi)稻麦”之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“定地(di)(di)(di)(di)守(shou)谓衡麓(lu)虞候之(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)昭(zhao)二(er)十年(nian)《左(zuo)氏(shi)传》，晏子云(yun)：“山(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)木(mu)(mu)，衡麓(lu)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)；泽之(zhi)(zhi)萑蒲，舟鲛(jiao)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)；薮之(zhi)(zhi)薪蒸(zheng)，虞候守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)；海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)盐蜃，祈望守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)：“衡麓(lu)、舟鲛(jiao)、虞候、祈望，皆官(guan)名也(ye)(ye)。守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)，令民不(bu)(bu)得取之(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)共(gong)利。”时景(jing)公设此(ci)(ci)(ci)守(shou)以(yi)致疾，故晏子所(suo)(suo)非(fei)，非(fei)其(qi)不(bu)(bu)与民同(tong)。郑引之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)正地(di)(di)(di)(di)守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)。若(ruo)(ruo)然(ran)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)《地(di)(di)(di)(di)官(guan)》唯有衡虞，无舟鲛(jiao)、祈望者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)《周(zhou)礼》举(ju)其(qi)大纲，《左(zuo)氏(shi)》言其(qi)细别，故详略不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。云(yun)“制地(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)谓九职(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)税也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)地(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)文承地(di)(di)(di)(di)职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)，下明非(fei)诸侯地(di)(di)(di)(di)贡(gong)，是(shi)(shi)其(qi)九职(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)、九税敛之(zhi)(zhi)。若(ruo)(ruo)三农生(sheng)九则(ze)税九，园圃毓草木(mu)(mu)则(ze)税草木(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)类是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“颁职(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，分(fen)命(ming)使(shi)各为其(qi)所(suo)(suo)职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，分(fen)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)言，案(an)《尚书·尧典(dian)》“分(fen)命(ming)羲仲宅(zhai)隅夷(yi)，申(shen)命(ming)羲叔(shu)宅(zhai)南(nan)交，分(fen)命(ming)和仲宅(zhai)西曰(yue)(yue)(yue)昧谷，申(shen)命(ming)和叔(shu)宅(zhai)朔方(fang)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)间颁职(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)，亦是(shi)(shi)分(fen)命(ming)，使(shi)各为其(qi)所(suo)(suo)职(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。典(dian)田(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)各有所(suo)(suo)掌。
以荒政十有二聚万民：一曰散利，二曰薄征，三曰缓刑，四曰弛力，五曰舍禁，六曰去几，七曰眚礼，八曰杀哀，九曰蕃乐，十曰多昏，十有一曰索鬼神，十有二曰除盗贼。（荒，凶年也。郑司农云：“救饥之政，十有二品。散利，贷种食也。薄征，轻租税也。弛力，息繇役也。去几，关市不几也。眚礼，《掌客职》所谓凶荒杀礼者也。多昏，不备礼而娶，昏者多也。索鬼神，求废祀而修之，《云汉》之诗所谓‘靡神不举，靡爱斯牲’者也。除盗贼，急其刑以除之，饥馑则盗贼多，不可不除也。”杜子春读蕃乐为藩乐，谓闭藏乐器而不作。玄谓去几，去其税耳。舍禁，若公无禁利。眚礼，谓杀吉礼也。杀哀，谓省凶礼。
○弛，式氏反。舍，音扌舍。杀(sha)，所(suo)界反，徐所(suo)例反，注同。蕃，方袁反。）
[疏]“以荒”至“盗贼”
○释曰：言“以荒政十有二”者，上经见分地职，则有年不熟之时，恐民离散，故以救荒之政十有二条以聚万民，使不离散。“一曰散利”者，谓丰时聚之，荒时散之。积而能散，使民利益，故云一曰散利。“二曰薄征”者，薄，轻也。征，税也。谓轻其税。“三曰缓刑”者，谓凶年犯刑，缓纵之。“四曰弛力”者，弛放其力役之事。“五曰舍禁”者，山泽所遮禁者，舍去其禁，使民取蔬食。“六曰去几”者，几谓呵禁，谓关市去税而几之。“七曰眚礼”者，谓吉礼之中眚其礼数。“八曰杀哀”者，谓凶礼之中杀其礼数。“九曰蕃乐”者，蕃谓闭藏乐器而不作。“十曰多昏”者，谓凶荒杀礼，昏者多。“十有一曰索鬼神”者，谓凶年祷祈，搜索鬼神而祷祈之。“十有二曰除盗贼”者，凶年盗贼多，急其刑以除之。
○注“荒凶”至“凶礼”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：《下(xia)(xia)(xia)曲礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“岁(sui)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)，年(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)登”，即(ji)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)司(si)(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“救(jiu)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)品”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，年(nian)(nian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟而(er)(er)(er)民饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)设政(zheng)(zheng)教以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)救(jiu)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)二(er)品。十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)品即(ji)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)条，各有(you)(you)(you)品列而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“散利，贷种(zhong)食也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)丰(feng)时(shi)敛(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)时(shi)散之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)民无(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，从(cong)公(gong)(gong)贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)种(zhong)子，或(huo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食用(yong)(yong)，至秋熟还公(gong)(gong)。据(ju)(ju)公(gong)(gong)家为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)散，据(ju)(ju)民往(wang)取为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)贷，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)散利贷种(zhong)食。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“薄征，轻租税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《司(si)(si)稼》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“巡野，观稼出敛(lian)法”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)从(cong)正，俭有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)杀(sha)(sha)，若今(jin)十(shi)(shi)(shi)伤二(er)三(san)，实除(chu)减半。”是轻租税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“弛(chi)(chi)力(li)(li)，息(xi)(xi)繇役(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《均(jun)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“丰(feng)年(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)三(san)日(ri)(ri)。中(zhong)(zhong)年(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)二(er)日(ri)(ri)。无(wu)(wu)年(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)公(gong)(gong)均(jun)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)”，此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)弛(chi)(chi)力(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)人(ren)食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)二(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)，则(ze)(ze)移民就，无(wu)(wu)力(li)(li)役(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。故(gu)《均(jun)人(ren)》又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)(zha)(zha)则(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)力(li)(li)政(zheng)(zheng)财(cai)赋”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“去(qu)(qu)(qu)几(ji)，关(guan)市不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)几(ji)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)虽凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)，犹(you)(you)几(ji)呵，但(dan)去(qu)(qu)(qu)税而(er)(er)(er)已。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，《掌客职(zhi)》所(suo)(suo)谓(wei)(wei)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，则(ze)(ze)後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《掌客》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”，其(qi)(qi)(qi)总(zong)目语，无(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)指斥，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)眚(sheng)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“多(duo)(duo)昏(hun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)备礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)娶昏(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)(duo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，昏(hun)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)六，并有(you)(you)(you)玄束帛，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏(hun)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可备行此(ci)(ci)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，使有(you)(you)(you)女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家得(de)减口数，有(you)(you)(you)男之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家易(yi)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)妻，故(gu)娶昏(hun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多(duo)(duo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“索鬼神求废(fei)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，年(nian)(nian)有(you)(you)(you)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)灾(zai)，鬼神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)佑(you)。经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)索鬼神，谓(wei)(wei)搜索鬼神而(er)(er)(er)祭(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是求废(fei)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。求废(fei)祀(si)而(er)(er)(er)修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)汉(han)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)“靡神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)举”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。连(lian)引“靡爱(ai)斯(si)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见(jian)(jian)索鬼神是祈祷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，须牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)体以(yi)(yi)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。案(an)(an)《左氏》庄二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五年(nian)(nian)传云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“天灾(zai)，有(you)(you)(you)币无(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。”此(ci)(ci)诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“靡爱(ai)斯(si)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，若天灾(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi)，祈祷无(wu)(wu)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，灾(zai)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou)，即(ji)有(you)(you)(you)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)体，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)靡爱(ai)斯(si)牲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“除(chu)盗(dao)贼，急其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑以(yi)(yi)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)馑(jin)(jin)则(ze)(ze)盗(dao)贼多(duo)(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上(shang)文既言(yan)缓刑，其(qi)(qi)(qi)馀盗(dao)贼用(yong)(yong)急刑，乃上(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)文为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)妨，故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)馑(jin)(jin)则(ze)(ze)盗(dao)贼多(duo)(duo)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)除(chu)，故(gu)须急其(qi)(qi)(qi)刑以(yi)(yi)除(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。杜子春云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“读蕃乐(le)(le)(le)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)藩(fan)乐(le)(le)(le)，谓(wei)(wei)闭藏(zang)(zang)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)蕃者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是蕃育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)，故(gu)读从(cong)藩(fan)，是藩(fan)闭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)。案(an)(an)《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)灾(zai)，令弛(chi)(chi)县”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“弛(chi)(chi)，释(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若今(jin)休(xiu)兵(bing)鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。”彼又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“日(ri)(ri)月食，四镇五岳崩(beng)，诸(zhu)侯(hou)薨，令去(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)。”注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“去(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)，藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”引《春秋传》曰(yue)“壬(ren)午(wu)犹(you)(you)绎，万入(ru)去(qu)(qu)(qu)”，万言(yan)入(ru)，则(ze)(ze)去(qu)(qu)(qu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)，藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可知(zhi)。彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二(er)文云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)令弛(chi)(chi)县，据(ju)(ju)路寝(qin)常县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，释(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；去(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)，据(ju)(ju)庙(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)时(shi)暂县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)，去(qu)(qu)(qu)而(er)(er)(er)藏(zang)(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)藩(fan)乐(le)(le)(le)，谓(wei)(wei)闭藏(zang)(zang)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)，据(ju)(ju)庙(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)祭(ji)祀(si)，藏(zang)(zang)去(qu)(qu)(qu)乐(le)(le)(le)器(qi)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作。若然，祭(ji)祀(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作，明路寝(qin)常县亦(yi)(yi)释(shi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，互见(jian)(jian)其(qi)(qi)(qi)义(yi)(yi)。“玄谓(wei)(wei)去(qu)(qu)(qu)几(ji)，去(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)税耳”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，破先郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)几(ji)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)必直去(qu)(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)税犹(you)(you)几(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)《司(si)(si)关(guan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“国(guo)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)(zha)(zha)，则(ze)(ze)无(wu)(wu)门关(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)征，犹(you)(you)几(ji)”，明知(zhi)司(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)非。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“舍禁(jin)，若公(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)禁(jin)利”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)(an)：《左传》襄公(gong)(gong)九年(nian)(nian)冬，公(gong)(gong)会晋侯(hou)伐郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，同(tong)(tong)盟于戏。“晋侯(hou)归，谋所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)息(xi)(xi)民。魏绛请(qing)施舍，输(shu)积(ji)聚以(yi)(yi)贷，自(zi)公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，苟(gou)有(you)(you)(you)积(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尽出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。国(guo)无(wu)(wu)滞积(ji)，亦(yi)(yi)无(wu)(wu)困人(ren)，公(gong)(gong)无(wu)(wu)禁(jin)利”。杜注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与民共”是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)，谓(wei)(wei)杀(sha)(sha)吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“杀(sha)(sha)哀，谓(wei)(wei)省(sheng)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)破司(si)(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)(yi)。司(si)(si)农(nong)引《掌客职(zhi)》“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)”证眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意，凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)杀(sha)(sha)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是总(zong)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)专於吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)知(zhi)眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)专是吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)杀(sha)(sha)哀，与眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)相对，故(gu)知(zhi)眚(sheng)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)专是吉(ji)(ji)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)：襄公(gong)(gong)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)，冬，大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，《梁传》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)，为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。一(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兼(jian)，二(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，三(san)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)馑(jin)(jin)，四不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)康，五不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)升(sheng)(sheng)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)侵。”大(da)(da)(da)(da)侵即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又案(an)(an)《廪(lin)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“人(ren)食四上(shang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，三(san)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，二(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)人(ren)二(er)，则(ze)(ze)令移民就。”不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)人(ren)二(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)，即(ji)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)政(zheng)(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，亦(yi)(yi)据(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)(yi)。案(an)(an)《均(jun)人(ren)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)(zha)(zha)无(wu)(wu)力(li)(li)政(zheng)(zheng)财(cai)赋”，此(ci)(ci)既据(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，犹(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)薄征者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)经(jing)虽主(zhu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)饥(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，兼(jian)记(ji)一(yi)(yi)二(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)熟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui)，故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)轻税也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)，则(ze)(ze)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)与凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)(an)：《大(da)(da)(da)(da)司(si)(si)乐(le)(le)(le)》大(da)(da)(da)(da)札(zha)(zha)(zha)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)，荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)别(bie)(bie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)实凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)是一(yi)(yi)，故(gu)《宗伯(bo)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)礼(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)哀凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)札(zha)(zha)(zha)”，是凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)异。《司(si)(si)农(nong)》凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)别(bie)(bie)文者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)年(nian)(nian)，以(yi)(yi)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)乱，兼(jian)见(jian)(jian)斯(si)义(yi)(yi)，故(gu)凶(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)荒(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)别(bie)(bie)文也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
以保息六养万民：一曰慈幼，二曰养老，三曰振穷，四曰恤贫，五曰宽疾，六曰安富。（保息，谓安之使蕃息也。慈幼谓爱幼少也。产子三人与之母，二人与之饩，十四以下不从征。养老，七十养於乡，五十异长之属。振穷，扌升扌求天民之穷者也。穷者有四，曰矜、曰寡、曰孤、曰独。恤贫，贫无财业禀贷之。宽疾，若今癃不可事不卒，可事者半之也。安富，平其繇役，不专取。
○少，诗照(zhao)反(fan)(fan)。扌升(sheng)，音(yin)(yin)拯。扌求，音(yin)(yin)救，本亦(yi)作(zuo)拯救。矜(jin)，古顽反(fan)(fan)。癃，音(yin)(yin)隆(long)。卒(zu)，子忽反(fan)(fan)。）
[疏]“以保”至“安富”
○释曰：上经既陈凶荒不安之事，故此经陈安养万民之道。云“以保息六养万民”者，民不安即不得蕃息，安则蕃息。保，安也。民使蕃息有六条，以养万民，故云以保息六养万民也。
○“保息”至“专取”
○释曰(yue)：云(yun)“产子三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母，二人(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饩(xi)(xi)”，皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)《越语》。范(fan)蠡欲速报吴，为此(ci)权礼(li)，使(shi)国民众多，故(gu)(gu)令国人(ren)(ren)(ren)壮(zhuang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)(qu)老妇(fu)，老者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)(qu)壮(zhuang)妻(qi)。女子十(shi)七不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嫁，父母有(you)罪；丈夫(fu)(fu)(fu)二十(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)娶，亦(yi)罪其(qi)(qi)(qi)父母。生(sheng)(sheng)丈夫(fu)(fu)(fu)，二壶(hu)(hu)酒，一犬，生(sheng)(sheng)女子，二壶(hu)(hu)酒，一豚(tun)。生(sheng)(sheng)三(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，公(gong)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母，生(sheng)(sheng)二人(ren)(ren)(ren)与(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)饩(xi)(xi)。引(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见其(qi)(qi)(qi)爱幼少之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必尽如其(qi)(qi)(qi)礼(li)。云(yun)“十(shi)四(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从征(zheng)(zheng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《乡(xiang)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)职》，国中(zhong)七尺(chi)，野自六(liu)尺(chi)，皆(jie)从征(zheng)(zheng)。案：《论语》云(yun)“可(ke)以(yi)(yi)六(liu)尺(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤(gu)”，注云(yun)：“六(liu)尺(chi)谓(wei)(wei)年(nian)十(shi)五(wu)。”则十(shi)五(wu)从征(zheng)(zheng)，十(shi)四(si)(si)以(yi)(yi)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从征(zheng)(zheng)可(ke)知，亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)爱幼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“养(yang)老，七十(shi)养(yang)於(wu)乡(xiang)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)：“五(wu)十(shi)养(yang)於(wu)乡(xiang)，六(liu)十(shi)养(yang)於(wu)国，七十(shi)养(yang)於(wu)学。”彼谓(wei)(wei)大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)士也(ye)(ye)。《王(wang)制(zhi)》又(you)(you)云(yun)“凡三(san)王(wang)养(yang)老，皆(jie)引(yin)年(nian)”，注云(yun)：“已而(er)(er)引(yin)户校年(nian)，当行(xing)复除也(ye)(ye)。老人(ren)(ren)(ren)众多，非贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)皆(jie)养(yang)。”故(gu)(gu)《食货志》云(yun)“七十(shi)已上上所养(yang)也(ye)(ye)”。此(ci)云(yun)七十(shi)养(yang)於(wu)乡(xiang)，亦(yi)谓(wei)(wei)有(you)贤行(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“五(wu)十(shi)异(yi)长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是(shi)(shi)《王(wang)制(zhi)》文。《礼(li)记(ji)》常(chang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)食稷，士兼食黍，大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)又(you)(you)加以(yi)(yi)粱(liang)。今(jin)虽庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)，至五(wu)十(shi)，或与(yu)(yu)士大(da)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)同食黍粱(liang)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)异(yi)长。云(yun)“振穷，扌升救天(tian)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。穷者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)有(you)四(si)(si)，曰(yue)矜，曰(yue)寡，曰(yue)孤(gu)，曰(yue)独”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《王(wang)制(zhi)》云(yun)：“老而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)妻(qi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矜，老而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)夫(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寡，少而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)父者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤(gu)，老而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)子者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)谓(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)独。”郑(zheng)依此(ci)而(er)(er)言。此(ci)四(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，天(tian)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穷而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)告(gao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)，皆(jie)有(you)常(chang)饩(xi)(xi)，故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)振穷。云(yun)“恤(xu)贫(pin)，贫(pin)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)财业禀贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《旅师》云(yun)：“凡用粟，春颁而(er)(er)秋敛(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”注云(yun)：“困(kun)时(shi)施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，饶时(shi)收(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)恤(xu)贫(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)无(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)财业禀贷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)“宽疾，若今(jin)癃不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)卒”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，汉时(shi)癃病不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)给事(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)计以(yi)(yi)为士卒，若今(jin)废疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“可(ke)事(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)半之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)为重役(yi)(yi)，轻处使(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，取(qu)(qu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)半功而(er)(er)已，似(si)今(jin)残疾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)宽饶疾病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。云(yun)“安富，平其(qi)(qi)(qi)繇(zhou)役(yi)(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)专(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，言繇(zhou)役(yi)(yi)均(jun)平，又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)专(zhuan)取(qu)(qu)，则富者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)安，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)安富也(ye)(ye)。
以本俗六安万民：一曰A134宫室，二曰族坟墓，三曰联兄弟，四曰联师儒，五曰联朋友，六曰同衣服。（本犹旧也。美，善也。谓约攻坚，风雨攸除，各有攸宇。族犹类也。同宗者，生相近，死相迫。连犹合也。兄弟，昏姻嫁娶也。师儒，乡里教以道艺者。同师曰朋，同志曰友。同犹齐也。民虽有富者，衣服不得独异。
○[A134]，音美。联兄(xiong)弟，一本作聚兄(xiong)弟。，陟角反(fan)。）
[疏]“以本”至“衣服”
○释曰：上经陈养万民之法，此经说安民庶之道。“以本俗六安民”者，本，旧也。不依旧俗创立制度，民心不安，若依旧俗，民心乃安，故以本俗六条以安民也。
○注“本犹”至“独异”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“谓(wei)约(yue)(yue)攻(gong)坚，风(feng)雨(yu)攸除(chu)(chu)，各(ge)有(you)(you)攸宇”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此《斯(si)干》美(mei)宣王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诗(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。案(an)彼诗(shi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“约(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)阁阁”，约(yue)(yue)谓(wei)扌留土。“之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)橐橐”，谓(wei)筑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，橐橐用力，是(shi)其约(yue)(yue)攻(gong)坚。攸，所(suo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。能使(shi)风(feng)雨(yu)所(suo)除(chu)(chu)。宇，居也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君子(zi)(zi)(zi)小人(ren)各(ge)有(you)(you)所(suo)居。引之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，证美(mei)宫室也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“[A134]宫室”，明不使(shi)华美(mei)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)攻(gong)坚解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“族(zu)犹(you)(you)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，生(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)近(jin)，死(si)相(xiang)迫”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《左氏(shi)传(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“非我族(zu)类(lei)，其心必异(yi)”，族(zu)类(lei)是(shi)一，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)族(zu)犹(you)(you)类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。经云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“族(zu)坟墓”，是(shi)死(si)相(xiang)迫，明生(sheng)(sheng)时(shi)居住相(xiang)近(jin)可知(zhi)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)生(sheng)(sheng)相(xiang)近(jin)，死(si)相(xiang)迫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“连(lian)犹(you)(you)合(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)，昏姻(yin)嫁娶也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《尔雅(ya)·释(shi)亲(qin)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宗(zong)族(zu)，母与妻党(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)”，则(ze)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名施於外亲(qin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正。又(you)(you)案(an)《丧服(fu)记》“兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)皆有(you)(you)外邦(bang)(bang)”及(ji)“与兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)居”，彼皆据同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)小功已下。知(zhi)此兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)是(shi)昏姻(yin)，非是(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，见上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)疾(ji)坟墓是(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)宗(zong)，明此兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)施於外姓昏姻(yin)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《尔雅(ya)》又(you)(you)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“妇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)党(dang)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)昏兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)”。夫妇相(xiang)名亦为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)《曾子(zi)(zi)(zi)问》曰(yue)“不得(de)嗣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)”，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)知(zhi)兄(xiong)(xiong)弟(di)(di)(di)是(shi)婚(hun)姻(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)，乡里教(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道艺”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)其乡立(li)庠(xiang)，州(zhou)党(dang)及(ji)遂皆立(li)序，致仕(shi)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，使(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)乡闾子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)(di)。乡闾子(zi)(zi)(zi)弟(di)(di)(di)皆相(xiang)连(lian)合(he)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)连(lian)师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又(you)(you)案(an)《保氏(shi)职》“掌养国(guo)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道”，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)教(jiao)(jiao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道艺也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)师(shi)曰(yue)朋(peng)(peng)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)志曰(yue)友(you)(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《学(xue)而》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)朋(peng)(peng)自远方来”，是(shi)“朋(peng)(peng)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)在(zai)(zai)学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。此友(you)(you)与朋(peng)(peng)连(lian)文(wen)，则(ze)亦是(shi)在(zai)(zai)学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)称。且此朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)复在(zai)(zai)师(shi)儒(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下。但(dan)朋(peng)(peng)疏(shu)而多，友(you)(you)亲(qin)而少，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)师(shi)曰(yue)朋(peng)(peng)，同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)志曰(yue)友(you)(you)。此朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)据在(zai)(zai)学(xue)。案(an)《尚(shang)书(shu)·泰誓》，武(wu)王云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“我友(you)(you)邦(bang)(bang)冢君”，是(shi)谓(wei)诸侯为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)友(you)(you)。《洛诰(gao)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孺子(zi)(zi)(zi)其朋(peng)(peng)”，谓(wei)群臣为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朋(peng)(peng)，朋(peng)(peng)友(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)，所(suo)施广矣。郑(zheng)(zheng)君皆望文(wen)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)义(yi)，是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)所(suo)注不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)犹(you)(you)齐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。民(min)虽有(you)(you)富(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，衣服(fu)不得(de)独(du)异(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，士已上衣服(fu)皆有(you)(you)采(cai)章，庶人(ren)皆同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)深(shen)衣而已，故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)民(min)虽有(you)(you)富(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，衣服(fu)不得(de)独(du)异(yi)，并皆齐等也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
正月之吉，始和布教于邦国都鄙。乃县教象之法于象魏，使万民观教象，挟日而敛之。乃施教法于邦国都鄙，使之各以教其所治民。（正月之吉，周正月朔日也。司徒以布王教，至正岁又书教法而县焉。
○县，音(yin)玄，注(zhu)同。挟(xie)，于(yu)协反。）
[疏]“正月”至“治民”
○释曰：“正月之吉”者，谓建子之月一日也。“始和”者，从十二教已下，於此月之时，始调和也。政教皆有故法，依旧而行之。言始和者，若改造云尔，其实不改造也。始以对终，对下县之是在建寅之月为终也。云“布教於邦国都鄙”者，於此正月之时调和教典讫，即布於邦国诸侯及畿内二鄙公卿大夫等。云“乃县教象之法於象魏”者，言乃者，缓辞。是建寅之月乃县教象之法於象魏阙上。云“使万民观教象”者，谓使万民来就雉门象魏之处，观教象文书，使知一年教法。云“挟日而敛之”者，县之从甲至甲为挟日，而後敛藏之於明堂。月月乃更受而行之，谓之听朔者也。云“乃施教法于邦国都鄙”者，案《大宰》六典、八法、八则之等，正月前陈之。正月之下不复言施之者，以其并是当职之事，故不复言所施。且直言施教法於邦国都鄙，则亦含上数事可知。云“使之各以教其所治民”者，若据邦国，使诸侯教所治民；若据都鄙，则使公卿大夫教所治民。
○注“正月”至“县焉”
○释曰：言(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔日者(zhe)，《周礼》凡言(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)岁者(zhe)，则夏(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)建寅正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)；直言(yan)正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)者(zhe)，则周之(zhi)(zhi)建子正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)也(ye)。吉者(zhe)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔也(ye)。故(gu)云“正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)吉，周正(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)(yue)朔日也(ye)”。“司徒(tu)以布王(wang)教”者(zhe)，案《大宰》注云“布王(wang)治之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)於天下(xia)”，此不(bu)言(yan)天下(xia)，注文略，邦国、都鄙(bi)则亦天下(xia)也(ye)。云“至(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)岁，又(you)书教法(fa)而县(xian)(xian)焉(yan)”者(zhe)，释经“乃(nai)县(xian)(xian)”是正(zheng)(zheng)岁县(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)。必知县(xian)(xian)在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)岁者(zhe)，亦取(qu)义(yi)於《小司徒(tu)》云“正(zheng)(zheng)岁则帅其属而观教法(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)象”，故(gu)知县(xian)(xian)在(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)岁也(ye)。
令五家为比，使之相保；五比为闾，使之相受；四闾为族，使之相葬；五族为党，使之相救；五党为州，使之相；五州为乡，使之相宾。（此所以劝民者也。使之者，皆谓立其长而教令使之。保犹任也。救，救凶灾也。宾，宾客其贤者。故书受为授，杜子春云：“当为受，谓民移徙所到则受之，所去则出之。”又云：“当为纠，谓纠其恶。”玄谓受者，宅舍有故，相受寄也。者，谓礼物不备，相给足也。闾二十五家，族百家，党五百家，州二千五百家，乡万二千五百家。
○比，毗志(zhi)反(fan)，下同(tong)。，音(yin)周。足，刘(liu)子喻反(fan)。）
[疏]“令五”至“相宾”
○释曰：此经说大司徒设比闾至於州乡等第家数，各立其官长，教劝於民。大司徒主六乡，故令六乡之内，使五家为一比，则有下士为比长主之，使五家相保，不为罪过。“五比为闾”者，二十五家为一闾，立中士为闾胥。“使之相受”者，闾胥使二十五家有宅舍破损者受寄托。“四闾为族，使之相葬”者，百家立一上士为族师，使百家之内有葬者，使之相助益，故云使之相葬。“五族为党，使之相救”者，五百家立一下大夫为党正，民有凶祸者，使民相救助，故云使之相救。“五党为州，使之相”者，二千五百家为州，立一中大夫为州长，民有礼物不备，使给之。“五州为乡，使之相宾者，万二千五百家为乡，立一六命卿为乡大夫，乡内之民有贤行者，则行乡饮酒之礼宾客之，举贡也，故云使之相宾。
○注“此所”至“百家”
○释(shi)曰：云(yun)(yun)“此所(suo)以劝(quan)民者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)，此经相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)葬、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)救、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)宾等(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)民间(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)所(suo)以劝(quan)民也(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)立(li)其(qi)长而(er)教令(ling)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，民不独(du)治，必须君(jun)长，故(gu)(gu)云(yun)(yun)皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)立(li)其(qi)长而(er)教令(ling)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。立(li)长，谓(wei)若比(bi)长、闾(lv)(lv)胥(xu)至(zhi)乡大(da)夫等(deng)。杜(du)子(zi)(zi)春(chun)云(yun)(yun)“当(dang)为(wei)(wei)受(shou)，谓(wei)民移徙(xi)所(suo)到(dao)则受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，所(suo)去则出之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《比(bi)长职》云(yun)(yun)“五(wu)家(jia)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和亲”，与此文同，皆(jie)(jie)谓(wei)一闾(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内无(wu)出入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。《比(bi)长职》又云(yun)(yun)“徙(xi)於国及郊，则从(cong)而(er)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)：“徙(xi)谓(wei)不便其(qi)居也(ye)。或(huo)国中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民出徙(xi)郊，或(huo)郊民入徙(xi)国中。”彼(bi)是(shi)(shi)出乡闾(lv)(lv)外，与此闾(lv)(lv)内自相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)容受(shou)不同，故(gu)(gu)後郑易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，以为(wei)(wei)宅舍有故(gu)(gu)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)寄托解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。子(zi)(zi)春(chun)又云(yun)(yun)“当(dang)为(wei)(wei)纠(jiu)，谓(wei)纠(jiu)其(qi)恶”。後郑不从(cong)者(zhe)(zhe)，此一经相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)保相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)受(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，皆(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)劝(quan)为(wei)(wei)善，无(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)纠(jiu)恶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，故(gu)(gu)後郑存字，谓(wei)礼物不备，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)给足解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“闾(lv)(lv)二(er)十五(wu)家(jia)”云(yun)(yun)云(yun)(yun)，知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)此经五(wu)家(jia)为(wei)(wei)比(bi)，五(wu)州(zhou)为(wei)(wei)乡，转相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)增(zeng)，故(gu)(gu)其(qi)家(jia)数(shu)可(ke)知。
颁职事十有二于邦国都鄙，使以登万民：一曰稼穑，二曰树艺，三曰作材，四曰阜蕃，五曰饬材，六曰通财，七曰化材，八曰敛材，九曰生材，十曰学艺，十有一曰世事，十有二曰服事。（郑司农云：“稼穑谓三农生九也。树艺谓园圃毓草木。作材谓虞衡作山泽之材。阜蕃谓薮牧养蕃鸟兽。饬材谓百工饬化八材。通财谓商贾阜通货贿。化材谓嫔妇化治丝。敛材谓臣妾聚敛疏材。生材谓间民无常职，转移执事。学艺谓学道艺。世事谓以世事教能，则民不失职。服事谓为公家服事者。”玄谓生材，养竹木者。
○饬，音(yin)敕，注同。贾(jia)，音(yin)古(gu)。，音(yin)闲(xian)。）
[疏]“颁职”至“服事”
○释曰：大司徒主天下人民之数，故颁下民之职事十有二条於天下邦国及畿内都鄙，使以登成万民。此经不言乡遂及公邑者，举外以包内，司徒亲主乡遂公邑，颁之可知。云“一日稼穑”已下至“八曰敛材”已上，即《大宰》九职中八者是也。大宰既掌之，此又重掌者，以大宰尊官，总知其数，此司徒是主民之官，亲自颁行，义各有异也。云“一日稼穑”者，种之曰稼，敛之曰穑。“二曰树艺”者，树谓植木，谓若树之榛栗。艺谓种黍稷，谓若“艺麻如之何”、“我艺黍稷”之类是也。案：《大宰》有九职，此“八曰敛材”已上与《太宰》同。《大宰》有九，此唯八者，《大宰》言任万民，随意所云，故有九。九曰闲民，无常职，转移执事。此《司徒》云颁职事，不可颁之使民转移执事，故阙之，唯有八也。“九曰生材”已下加此四事者，以其司徒主民，此四事者是民之事业及学问，故别增之也。
○注“郑司”至“木者”
○释曰：郑司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“稼穑(se)谓(wei)(wei)三农(nong)生(sheng)(sheng)九(jiu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，自此(ci)已下至聚(ju)敛(lian)(lian)疏材(cai)(cai)，皆(jie)与《太(tai)宰(zai)(zai)》同，但(dan)(dan)文(wen)(wen)有详略(lve)(lve)，其言(yan)(yan)异耳(er)(er)。九(jiu)须(xu)稼穑(se)，故(gu)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)稼穑(se)耳(er)(er)。树(shu)艺(yi)(yi)与园圃毓(yu)草木(mu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)同，草木(mu)须(xu)树(shu)艺(yi)(yi)，故(gu)亦变(bian)言(yan)(yan)树(shu)艺(yi)(yi)耳(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“作(zuo)材(cai)(cai)谓(wei)(wei)虞(yu)衡(heng)作(zuo)山(shan)泽之(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)(cai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)文(wen)(wen)有详略(lve)(lve)耳(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“阜蕃谓(wei)(wei)薮牧(mu)养蕃鸟兽(shou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，但(dan)(dan)养蕃不(bu)言(yan)(yan)阜，此(ci)言(yan)(yan)阜字者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，欲见非(fei)直蕃息，又使阜盛。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“饬材(cai)(cai)谓(wei)(wei)百工饬化八材(cai)(cai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)亦文(wen)(wen)有详略(lve)(lve)耳(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“通财谓(wei)(wei)商贾阜通货(huo)(huo)贿(hui)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，货(huo)(huo)贿(hui)即财也(ye)(ye)，亦文(wen)(wen)有详略(lve)(lve)耳(er)(er)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敛(lian)(lian)材(cai)(cai)谓(wei)(wei)臣妾聚(ju)敛(lian)(lian)疏材(cai)(cai)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)亦文(wen)(wen)有详略(lve)(lve)耳(er)(er)。此(ci)八者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)义，以(yi)(yi)具(ju)释於《大宰(zai)(zai)》，故(gu)此(ci)亦不(bu)复(fu)重言(yan)(yan)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“生(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)(cai)谓(wei)(wei)间民(min)(min)(min)无常(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)，转(zhuan)移执事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，司(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)意，此(ci)间民(min)(min)(min)在(zai)第九(jiu)，当《大宰(zai)(zai)》“九(jiu)曰闲民(min)(min)(min)无常(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)”，故(gu)以(yi)(yi)闲民(min)(min)(min)解生(sheng)(sheng)财也(ye)(ye)。但(dan)(dan)周(zhou)公制礼，大宰(zai)(zai)任(ren)民(min)(min)(min)无常(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)，於此(ci)颁(ban)(ban)职(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，不(bu)可(ke)颁(ban)(ban)无常(chang)(chang)职(zhi)(zhi)使民(min)(min)(min)行之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)後郑易之(zhi)(zhi)，以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)养竹木(mu)解之(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“学艺(yi)(yi)谓(wei)(wei)学道艺(yi)(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《保氏职(zhi)(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“掌(zhang)养国(guo)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)道，乃(nai)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)六艺(yi)(yi)。”故(gu)以(yi)(yi)艺(yi)(yi)中兼有道也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“世(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)世(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)能，则民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)失(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案《管子(zi)》书云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“工之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒为(wei)(wei)工，士(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒为(wei)(wei)士(shi)，商之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒为(wei)(wei)商，农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)恒为(wei)(wei)农(nong)。”是以(yi)(yi)世(shi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)教(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)能，则民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)失(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“服事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)(wei)公家服事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)(wei)若(ruo)府、史、胥、徒，庶人在(zai)官(guan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，是公家服事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)(cai)养竹木(mu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)後郑破司(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)义。案：《大宰(zai)(zai)》事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)典云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)万(wan)民(min)(min)(min)”，《小(xiao)宰(zai)(zai)》事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)职(zhi)(zhi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“以(yi)(yi)养万(wan)民(min)(min)(min)”，则知(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)为(wei)(wei)养。山(shan)虞(yu)、林(lin)衡(heng)别(bie)官(guan)，则知(zhi)此(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)材(cai)(cai)养竹木(mu)在(zai)於平地，林(lin)衡(heng)所掌(zhang)是也(ye)(ye)。
以乡三物教万民而宾兴之：一曰六德，知、仁、圣、义、忠、和；二曰六行，孝、友、睦、姻、任、恤；三曰六艺，礼、乐、射、御、书、数。（物犹事也，兴犹举也。民三事教成，乡大夫举其贤者能者，以饮酒之礼宾客之，既则献其书於王矣。知，明於事。仁，爱人以及物。圣，通而先识。义，能断时宜。忠，言以中心。和，不刚不柔。善於父母为孝，善於兄弟为友。睦，亲於九族。姻，亲於外亲。任，信於友道。恤，振忧贫者。礼，五礼之义。乐，六乐之歌舞。射，五射之法。御，五御之节。书，六书之品。数，九数之计。
○知，音智。行(xing)，下(xia)孟反。姻，音因(yin)。）
[疏]“以乡”至“书数”
○释曰：物，事也。司徒主六乡，故以乡中三事教乡内之万民也。兴，举也。三物教成，行乡饮酒之礼，尊之以为宾客而举之。三物者，则下一曰、二曰、三曰是也。
○注“民三”至“之计”
○释曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“民三事(shi)教(jiao)成，乡大(da)(da)夫举其(qi)(qi)贤者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)饮(yin)酒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)宾客之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，既(ji)则(ze)献(xian)其(qi)(qi)书(shu)(shu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)王矣”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)并《乡大(da)(da)夫职》文。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“知，明於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)事(shi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)前事(shi)不(bu)(bu)惑，若四(si)(si)十(shi)而不(bu)(bu)惑也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“仁(ren)，爱(ai)人以(yi)及(ji)物(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，仁(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)内(nei)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心，外及(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)，谓(wei)若《行苇》诗美成王云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“敦彼(bi)行苇，牛羊勿践履(lv)”，是(shi)(shi)爱(ai)人及(ji)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)苇，苇即物(wu)(wu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，通(tong)而先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)识”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)襄二(er)十(shi)二(er)年，臧武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)如晋，雨，过(guo)御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)在邑，将饮(yin)酒，曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“焉用(yong)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人。”何休云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“说(shuo)《左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)》者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘春秋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)，非圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人孰能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’言(yan)(yan)夫子(zi)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人，乃能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)谓(wei)臧武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)为(wei)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人，是(shi)(shi)非独孔子(zi)。”玄箴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：“武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，述圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)，鲁(lu)人称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。今使(shi)如晋，过(guo)御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)，御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)说(shuo)学(xue)，见武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)而雨行，傲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)‘焉用(yong)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人为(wei)。’《左(zuo)(zuo)氏(shi)传(chuan)(chuan)》载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，非御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)叔(shu)(shu)不(bu)(bu)说(shuo)学(xue)，不(bu)(bu)谓(wei)武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)与(yu)孔子(zi)同。”若然，此(ci)(ci)(ci)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，亦(yi)与(yu)武(wu)(wu)仲(zhong)同，是(shi)(shi)皆(jie)(jie)述圣(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“义(yi)，能断时(shi)宜(yi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，义(yi)，宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)，谓(wei)断割(ge)合当时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“忠，言(yan)(yan)以(yi)中(zhong)心”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)以(yi)字解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。如心曰(yue)(yue)(yue)恕(shu)，如下(xia)从(cong)心；中(zhong)心曰(yue)(yue)(yue)忠，中(zhong)下(xia)从(cong)心，谓(wei)言(yan)(yan)出於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心，皆(jie)(jie)有(you)(you)(you)忠实也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“和(he)(he)，不(bu)(bu)刚不(bu)(bu)柔(rou)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)宽猛(meng)相济者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)为(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)，善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兄弟(di)(di)为(wei)友(you)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)《尔雅(ya)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“张仲(zhong)孝(xiao)(xiao)友(you)，善(shan)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)为(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)，善(shan)兄弟(di)(di)为(wei)友(you)”，彼(bi)不(bu)(bu)言(yan)(yan)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。此(ci)(ci)(ci)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)、善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兄弟(di)(di)，言(yan)(yan)“於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，凡言(yan)(yan)孝(xiao)(xiao)友(you)，非直甘肴先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)奉、昏定晨省(sheng)而已，谓(wei)若《礼(li)记·祭义(yi)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“孝(xiao)(xiao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)意承志(zhi)，喻父(fu)母(mu)(mu)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)道(dao)。国(guo)人称(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)：‘幸哉，有(you)(you)(you)子(zi)若是(shi)(shi)，如此(ci)(ci)(ci)美行。’”乃所(suo)为(wei)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)兄弟(di)(di)所(suo)善(shan)，故(gu)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)为(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)，善(shan)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)兄弟(di)(di)为(wei)友(you)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“睦(mu)，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《尧典》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)既(ji)睦(mu)”，是(shi)(shi)睦(mu)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)也(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上至高祖，下(xia)至玄孙，旁及(ji)缌麻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“姻，亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)”，知姻是(shi)(shi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，上云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)睦(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)九(jiu)(jiu)族(zu)(zu)，明此(ci)(ci)(ci)姻是(shi)(shi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)。《左(zuo)(zuo)传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“士逾(yu)月，外姻至”，亦(yi)据(ju)外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则(ze)妻(qi)族(zu)(zu)、母(mu)(mu)族(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)姻对睦(mu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。若不(bu)(bu)对睦(mu)，亦(yi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)内(nei)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)。故(gu)《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“因不(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)”，《丧服传(chuan)(chuan)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“与(yu)因母(mu)(mu)同”，此(ci)(ci)(ci)皆(jie)(jie)施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)内(nei)亲(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“任，信於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)友(you)道(dao)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓(wei)朋友(you)有(you)(you)(you)道(dao)德(de)，则(ze)任信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)《论语(yu)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“信则(ze)人任焉”是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“恤(xu)(xu)，振忧(you)贫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，恤(xu)(xu)训为(wei)忧(you)，振训为(wei)救，故(gu)知恤(xu)(xu)，振忧(you)贫者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)“礼(li)，五(wu)礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)”，自此(ci)(ci)(ci)已下(xia)至九(jiu)(jiu)数，皆(jie)(jie)取义(yi)於(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)》。案(an)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)职》：“掌养(yang)国(guo)子(zi)以(yi)道(dao)，教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)六(liu)(liu)艺：一(yi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)五(wu)礼(li)，二(er)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)六(liu)(liu)乐，三曰(yue)(yue)(yue)五(wu)射(she)，四(si)(si)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)五(wu)御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，五(wu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)六(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)，六(liu)(liu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)九(jiu)(jiu)数。”案(an)彼(bi)注(zhu)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“五(wu)礼(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄谓(wei)吉、凶、宾、军、嘉。六(liu)(liu)乐者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，玄谓(wei)《云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)门》、《大(da)(da)咸》、《大(da)(da)韶》、《大(da)(da)夏》、《大(da)(da)》、《大(da)(da)武(wu)(wu)》。五(wu)射(she)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘白矢(shi)、参连(lian)、剡注(zhu)、襄尺、井仪(yi)。’五(wu)御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘鸣和(he)(he)鸾、逐(zhu)水曲、过(guo)军表、舞(wu)(wu)交衢、逐(zhu)禽左(zuo)(zuo)。’六(liu)(liu)书(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘象形、会(hui)意、转注(zhu)、处事(shi)、假借、谐声。’九(jiu)(jiu)数者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：‘方田、粟米、差分、少广、商功、均输(shu)、方程、嬴不(bu)(bu)足、旁要，此(ci)(ci)(ci)九(jiu)(jiu)章之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)术是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。’”彼(bi)注(zhu)又云(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)：“今有(you)(you)(you)重差、夕(xi)桀(jie)、句(ju)股。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)经(jing)(jing)直陈六(liu)(liu)艺，《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)》各有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)数，故(gu)注(zhu)《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)》，具释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。注(zhu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，直取《保(bao)(bao)氏(shi)》经(jing)(jing)以(yi)释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。五(wu)礼(li)言(yan)(yan)义(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)吉凶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)，各有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)义(yi)。乐言(yan)(yan)歌(ge)舞(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)作乐时(shi)，有(you)(you)(you)升(sheng)歌(ge)下(xia)舞(wu)(wu)。射(she)言(yan)(yan)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，以(yi)其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)升(sheng)降揖让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法。御(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)言(yan)(yan)节者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，四(si)(si)马六(liu)(liu)辔，有(you)(you)(you)进退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节。书(shu)(shu)言(yan)(yan)品者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，形声处事(shi)，差品不(bu)(bu)同。数言(yan)(yan)计(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)多少算计(ji)(ji)。各逐(zhu)义(yi)强生称(cheng)(cheng)。
以乡八刑纠万民：一曰不孝之刑，二曰不睦之刑，三曰不睦之刑，四曰不弟之刑，五曰不任之刑，六曰不恤之刑，七曰造言之刑，八曰乱民之刑。（纠犹割察也。不弟，不敬师长。造言，讹言惑众。乱民，乱名改作，执左道以乱政也。郑司农云：“任谓朋友相任，恤谓相忧。”
○弟，音悌，注(zhu)同。）
[疏]“以乡”至“之刑”
○释曰：上设三物教万民，民有不从教者，则设刑以刑之，故言“以乡八刑纠万民”也。云“一曰不孝之刑”者，有不孝於父母者则刑之。《孝经》不孝不在三千者，深塞逆源，此乃礼之通教。兼戒凡品，故不孝有刑也。“二曰不睦之刑”者，不相亲睦亦刑之。“三曰不姻之刑”者，不亲於外亲亦刑之。“四曰不弟之刑”者，谓不敬师长亦刑之。“五曰不任之刑”者，谓不信任於朋友亦刑之。“六曰不恤之刑”者，谓见灾危而不忧恤亦刑之。“七曰造言之刑”者，有造浮伪之言者，亦刑之。“八曰乱民之刑”者，谓执左道乱政则刑之。
○注“纠犹”至“相忧”
○释曰：云(yun)“纠犹割(ge)察(cha)(cha)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，谓察(cha)(cha)取乡(xiang)中(zhong)八种(zhong)之(zhi)过(guo)，断割(ge)其(qi)(qi)罪。云(yun)“不(bu)弟，不(bu)敬师长”者(zhe)，此(ci)(ci)不(bu)弟，即上(shang)六(liu)(liu)(liu)行友是也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)文在(zai)(zai)(zai)睦(mu)姻之(zhi)上(shang)，此(ci)(ci)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)弟，退在(zai)(zai)(zai)睦(mu)姻之(zhi)下(xia)者(zhe)，上(shang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)友，专施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)兄弟；此(ci)(ci)变(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)弟，兼施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)师长，故退在(zai)(zai)(zai)睦(mu)姻之(zhi)下(xia)。云(yun)“造言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，讹言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惑众(zhong)”者(zhe)，案(an)《王制》“行伪而坚，言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)伪而辨”，与此(ci)(ci)造言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)，是讹言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惑众(zhong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。云(yun)“乱(luan)(luan)民(min)，乱(luan)(luan)名(ming)改作，执左道(dao)以(yi)乱(luan)(luan)政也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，乱(luan)(luan)名(ming)已下(xia)，皆《王制》文。案(an)彼注乱(luan)(luan)名(ming)改作谓变(bian)易官(guan)与物之(zhi)名(ming)，更造法度。左道(dao)，若巫蛊(gu)及(ji)俗(su)禁(jin)，并是乱(luan)(luan)政之(zhi)民(min)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)三物有(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)行、六(liu)(liu)(liu)艺，六(liu)(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)(de)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)艺不(bu)设(she)刑，独於(wu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)行设(she)刑者(zhe)，郑(zheng)注《师氏》云(yun)：“在(zai)(zai)(zai)身(shen)为德(de)(de)(de)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)为行。”德(de)(de)(de)为在(zai)(zai)(zai)身(shen)，不(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)物，六(liu)(liu)(liu)艺亦是在(zai)(zai)(zai)身(shen)之(zhi)能，不(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)於(wu)人，故二(er)者(zhe)不(bu)设(she)刑。其(qi)(qi)行并是施(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)於(wu)人，故禁(jin)其(qi)(qi)恐有(you)愆负，故设(she)刑以(yi)防之(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。造言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乱(luan)(luan)民(min)，民(min)中(zhong)特害，故六(liu)(liu)(liu)行之(zhi)外，别加(jia)此(ci)(ci)二(er)刑。
以五礼防万民之伪(wei)，而教之中(zhong)。（礼所(suo)以节止民之侈伪(wei)，使其行得中(zhong)。郑(zheng)司农云：“五礼谓(wei)吉、凶、宾、军、嘉。”）
[疏]“以五”至“之中”
○释曰：“以五礼防万民之伪而教之中”者，案《礼记·乐记》云“礼者，著诚去伪”。故以礼防万民之伪，而教之使得中正也。
○注“礼所”至“军嘉”
○释曰：礼(li)者(zhe)，辨尊卑，别贵贼，皆(jie)有(you)上下之宜，不(bu)(bu)得(de)奢侈僭(jian)伪。故云(yun)礼(li)所以(yi)节(jie)止民之侈伪也。使其(qi)行得(de)中(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)，上不(bu)(bu)逼下，下不(bu)(bu)僭(jian)上，得(de)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)正是也。郑司(si)农云(yun)：“五(wu)礼(li)谓吉凶宾军嘉”者(zhe)，《春(chun)官·大宗伯》文(wen)也。
以六乐防万民之情，而教之和。（乐所以荡正民之情思，使其心应和也。郑司农云：“六乐谓《云门》、《咸池》、《大韶》、《大夏》、《大》、《大武》。”
○思(si)，悉吏反(fan)。应，应对之应。招(zhao)，上朝反(fan)，本亦(yi)作韶。，音护，本亦(yi)作护。）
[疏]“以六”至“之和”
○释曰：案《乐记》云“大乐与天地同和”，《孝经》云“移风易俗莫善於乐”，故大司徒云乐防万民之情而教之，使应和也。
○注“乐所”至“大武”
○释曰：案《乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)：“在(zai)闺(gui)门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内，父子兄弟同听之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，莫(mo)不(bu)和(he)亲。”故云(yun)“乐(le)所以(yi)(yi)荡(dang)正(zheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)思(si)，使其心应和(he)”也。郑司农云(yun)六(liu)乐(le)云(yun)门已下，皆《大司乐(le)》文，至彼具(ju)释。案：前云(yun)六(liu)艺，礼(li)(li)、乐(le)、射、御、书、数，不(bu)覆申射御书数，而(er)(er)独申礼(li)(li)乐(le)二(er)事，但化民以(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)乐(le)为(wei)急，故《乐(le)记(ji)》云(yun)：“心中(zhong)斯须不(bu)和(he)不(bu)乐(le)，而(er)(er)鄙诈(zha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。外貌斯须不(bu)庄(zhuang)不(bu)敬，而(er)(er)易慢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心入(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。故乐(le)也者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，动於(wu)内者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。礼(li)(li)也者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，动於(wu)外者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。”是致礼(li)(li)乐(le)以(yi)(yi)治内外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急也。又《孝经》云(yun)“安上治民莫(mo)善於(wu)礼(li)(li)，移风(feng)易俗莫(mo)善於(wu)乐(le)”。是礼(li)(li)乐(le)为(wei)化民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急也，故特言(yan)礼(li)(li)乐(le)耳(er)。
凡万民之不服教而有狱讼者，与有地治者听而断之；其附于刑者归于士。（不服教，不厌服於十二教，贪冒者也。争罪曰狱，争财曰讼。有地治者，谓乡州及治都鄙者也。附，丽也。士，司寇士师之属。郑司农云：“与有地治者听而断之，与其地部界所属吏共听断之。士谓主断刑之官，《春秋传》曰‘士荣为大士’。或谓归于圜土，圜土谓狱也，狱城圜。”
○治(zhi)(zhi)，直吏反(fan)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)及下“正治(zhi)(zhi)”并注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同。断，丁乱反(fan)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)同。厌，於涉反(fan)，或(huo)於验(yan)反(fan)。）
[疏]“凡万”至“于士”
○释曰：上以礼乐化民，而万民不厌服十二教，则斗争起。有狱讼者，将断割之时，恐其狱讼不审，故与其有地治者谓治民之官，共听而断之。若有小罪，则司徒决之。其附於五刑，则归於士，使秋官士师之等断之。
○注“不服”至“城圜”
○释(shi)曰(yue)：云(yun)(yun)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)教(jiao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌(yan)(yan)服(fu)於(wu)十(shi)(shi)二教(jiao)，贪(tan)(tan)冒(mao)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，上(shang)以(yi)十(shi)(shi)二教(jiao)教(jiao)民，使不(bu)(bu)(bu)贪(tan)(tan)冒(mao)。其民有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌(yan)(yan)服(fu)於(wu)十(shi)(shi)二教(jiao)，即是贪(tan)(tan)冒(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人也(ye)(ye)。厌(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)二种，有(you)(you)(you)嫌厌(yan)(yan)，有(you)(you)(you)厌(yan)(yan)饫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厌(yan)(yan)，谓(wei)若祭礼有(you)(you)(you)阴(yin)厌(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)类是也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)言不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌(yan)(yan)服(fu)十(shi)(shi)二教(jiao)者(zhe)，谓(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)厌(yan)(yan)饫服(fu)行十(shi)(shi)二教(jiao)也(ye)(ye)。又云(yun)(yun)“争(zheng)罪(zui)曰(yue)狱(yu)(yu)，争(zheng)财(cai)曰(yue)讼(song)(song)”者(zhe)，案(an)《秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)·大司(si)寇》云(yun)(yun)“以(yi)两(liang)造禁(jin)民讼(song)(song)，以(yi)两(liang)剂禁(jin)民狱(yu)(yu)”。狱(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)相对，故(gu)狱(yu)(yu)为争(zheng)罪(zui)，讼(song)(song)为争(zheng)财(cai)。若狱(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)不(bu)(bu)(bu)相对，则争(zheng)财(cai)亦为狱(yu)(yu)，其义具(ju)在《秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)》释(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。云(yun)(yun)“有(you)(you)(you)地(di)治(zhi)者(zhe)，谓(wei)乡州及治(zhi)都(dou)鄙者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，司(si)徒主六乡，明知有(you)(you)(you)乡州也(ye)(ye)。案(an)：上(shang)经(jing)(jing)布教(jiao)於(wu)都(dou)鄙，明地(di)治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内兼有(you)(you)(you)都(dou)鄙可知。云(yun)(yun)“附，丽也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，案(an)《秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)》云(yun)(yun)“丽於(wu)法”，案(an)《尚书(shu)·吕刑(xing)》“越(yue)兹丽刑(xing)”，故(gu)以(yi)附为丽。云(yun)(yun)“士(shi)(shi)，司(si)寇士(shi)(shi)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属”者(zhe)，案(an)：秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)有(you)(you)(you)士(shi)(shi)司(si)、乡士(shi)(shi)、遂士(shi)(shi)、县士(shi)(shi)，并(bing)主狱(yu)(yu)讼(song)(song)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，故(gu)云(yun)(yun)士(shi)(shi)师之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)属也(ye)(ye)。司(si)农(nong)云(yun)(yun)“《春秋(qiu)(qiu)传(chuan)》曰(yue)”者(zhe)，僖公二十(shi)(shi)八年，卫(wei)侯(hou)出奔(ben)。及其反国，误射(she)杀(sha)弟叔武，元亘诉(su)於(wu)晋，卫(wei)侯(hou)与元亘讼(song)(song)。晋使士(shi)(shi)荣(rong)为大士(shi)(shi)而听断(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。引此(ci)者(zhe)，欲见有(you)(you)(you)狱(yu)(yu)必有(you)(you)(you)讼(song)(song)，有(you)(you)(you)讼(song)(song)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)必有(you)(you)(you)狱(yu)(yu)。故(gu)彼(bi)是争(zheng)罪(zui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事，而言卫(wei)侯(hou)与元亘讼(song)(song)。云(yun)(yun)“或(huo)谓(wei)归於(wu)圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)，圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)谓(wei)狱(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，司(si)农(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，此(ci)经(jing)(jing)士(shi)(shi)或(huo)为土(tu)(tu)字(zi)，因即解土(tu)(tu)为圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)。圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)即狱(yu)(yu)也(ye)(ye)。云(yun)(yun)“狱(yu)(yu)城(cheng)圜(yuan)”者(zhe)，更解圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。圜(yuan)土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义具(ju)在《秋(qiu)(qiu)官(guan)(guan)·司(si)圜(yuan)职》也(ye)(ye)。
祀五帝，奉牛牲，羞其肆。（牛能任载，地类也。奉犹进也。郑司农云：“羞，进也。肆，陈骨体也。玄谓进所肆解骨体，《士丧礼》曰“肆解去蹄”。
○肆(si)(si)，托历反(fan)，注“肆(si)(si)解”、“肆(si)(si)去”同，司农音四，注“肆(si)(si)陈”同。）
[疏]“祀五”至“其肆”
○释曰：云“祀五帝”者，谓五时迎气於四郊，及总享五帝於明堂，即大司徒奉牛牲。又云“羞其肆”者，羞，进也。肆，解也。谓於俎上进所解牲体於神坐前。
○注“牛能”至“去蹄”
○释曰：郑(zheng)(zheng)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)司徒(tu)奉牛之(zhi)(zhi)意，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)“牛能任载，地类(lei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”，故属地官司徒(tu)。郑(zheng)(zheng)司农云(yun)(yun)(yun)“羞(xiu)，进也(ye)(ye)(ye)。肆(si)，陈(chen)骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)”者，骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)，肩臂(bei)脊胁之(zhi)(zhi)属。司农以肆(si)为(wei)四音读之(zhi)(zhi)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)，陈(chen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。谓陈(chen)牲体(ti)(ti)於(wu)俎(zu)上(shang)，即体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)折节为(wei)二十(shi)一体(ti)(ti)是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，故云(yun)(yun)(yun)陈(chen)骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。“玄(xuan)谓进所(suo)(suo)肆(si)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)”者，後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)意，以肆(si)为(wei)レ音读之(zhi)(zhi)肆(si)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)者，为(wei)七(qi)体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)，故引《士(shi)丧(sang)礼》曰“肆(si)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)去(qu)蹄”。案《士(shi)丧(sang)礼》曰“特(te)豚(tun)(tun)四{髟易(yi)}，去(qu)蹄”。彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“四解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)，殊(shu)肩髀。”彼言殊(shu)肩髀，与此骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)一也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但彼云(yun)(yun)(yun)四{髟易(yi)}，此云(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，其(qi)(qi)字不(bu)同者，郑(zheng)(zheng)直以义读之(zhi)(zhi)，非彼正文，此云(yun)(yun)(yun)肆(si)当彼{髟易(yi)}也(ye)(ye)(ye)。後(hou)(hou)郑(zheng)(zheng)必(bi)不(bu)从先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)郑(zheng)(zheng)为(wei)肆(si)陈(chen)骨(gu)(gu)体(ti)(ti)为(wei)二十(shi)一体(ti)(ti)者，案《礼运(yun)(yun)》云(yun)(yun)(yun)“腥(xing)其(qi)(qi)俎(zu)，孰其(qi)(qi)ゾ”，彼注云(yun)(yun)(yun)：“腥(xing)其(qi)(qi)俎(zu)，谓豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而腥(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孰其(qi)(qi)ゾ，谓体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而阎之(zhi)(zhi)。”祭祀之(zhi)(zhi)法，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，後(hou)(hou)体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。经(jing)云(yun)(yun)(yun)“奉牛牲”，谓初牵入时，即言羞(xiu)其(qi)(qi)肆(si)，明先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。又案《国语》，郊之(zhi)(zhi)事，则(ze)有全(quan)，明知不(bu)得(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)有体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。若然(ran)，则(ze)郊之(zhi)(zhi)事先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)全(quan)，始後(hou)(hou)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。若宗庙(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)祭，则(ze)无全(quan)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)豚(tun)(tun)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，次体(ti)(ti)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，《礼运(yun)(yun)》所(suo)(suo)云(yun)(yun)(yun)者是(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
享先王，亦如之。
[疏]“享先”至“如之”
○释曰：享先王(wang)，不(bu)辨祭之大小，彼(bi)《大宗伯》四时及六(liu)者皆称(cheng)享。云“亦如之”者，亦如上“祀五帝，奉(feng)牛牲，羞其肆”。又不(bu)言祭地者，祭地之礼与天同。
大宾(bin)(bin)客，令(ling)野道委积。（令(ling)，令(ling)遗人使为之(zhi)也。少(shao)曰(yue)委，多曰(yue)积，皆所以给宾(bin)(bin)客。）
[疏]“大宾”至“委积”
○释曰：案《大行人》，诸侯朝称宾，卿大夫来聘称客。彼对文例，散文宾客通。此云大宾客者，唯据诸侯来朝，大司徒令遗人於野路之上，治道涂及委积刍薪米禾之等，以待宾客。
○注“令令”至“宾客”
○释曰：“令，令遗人(ren)使为(wei)之也，少(shao)曰委(wei)，多曰积”者，案(an)《遗人(ren)》云(yun)：“十里(li)有(you)庐(lu)，庐(lu)有(you)饮食。三十里(li)有(you)宿(su)，宿(su)有(you)路(lu)室，路(lu)室有(you)委(wei)。五十里(li)有(you)候(hou)馆(guan)，候(hou)馆(guan)有(you)积。”故知义然(ran)也。
大丧，帅六乡之众庶，属其六引，而治其政令。（众庶，所丧役也。郑司农云：“六引，谓引丧车索也。六乡生六引，六遂主六绋。”
○引，如字，又音(yin)胤(yin)。绋(fu)，音(yin)弗(fu)。）
[疏]“大丧”至“政令”
○释曰：大丧谓王丧。至七月而葬，大司徒帅六乡之众庶，取一千人属其六引，挽柩乡圹。“而治其政令”者，大司徒则检校挽柩之事。
○注“众庶”至“六绋”
○释曰：云“众庶(shu)，所致(zhi)役(yi)也(ye)(ye)”者(zhe)，但六(liu)(liu)(liu)乡七万五千家，唯(wei)取一千人致(zhi)之，使为挽柩之役(yi)，故(gu)云所致(zhi)役(yi)也(ye)(ye)。司(si)农云“六(liu)(liu)(liu)乡主(zhu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)引”，则此经是也(ye)(ye)。云“六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)主(zhu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)绋”者(zhe)，案《遂(sui)人职》云：“大丧，帅六(liu)(liu)(liu)遂(sui)之役(yi)而致(zhi)之，掌其政令。及葬，帅而属(shu)六(liu)(liu)(liu)。”在棺曰绋，见(jian)绳体(ti)，行(xing)道(dao)曰引，见(jian)用力，主(zhu)文以(yi)见(jian)义也(ye)(ye)。
大(da)军旅，大(da)田(tian)役，以旗(qi)致万民，而治其徒庶之政令。（旗(qi)，画熊虎者(zhe)也。徵众，刻日(ri)树旗(qi)，期於其下(xia)。）
[疏]“大军”至“政令”
○释曰：凡征伐田猎所用民徒，先起六乡之众，故云“大军旅大田役以旗致万民”。司徒主六乡，田即治其徒庶之政令。
○注“旗画”至“其下”
○释曰(yue)：案《司常》云(yun)(yun)“熊虎(hu)为(wei)旗”，故郑云(yun)(yun)“旗，画熊虎(hu)者也”。云(yun)(yun)“徵众(zhong)(zhong)，刻(ke)日树旗，期於其(qi)下”者，凡起徒役，不令而诛(zhu)谓之(zhi)虐，故徵众(zhong)(zhong)庶预刻(ke)集(ji)日，至日树旗，期民於其(qi)下。众(zhong)(zhong)皆至，弊旗，诛(zhu)後至者也。
若国有大(da)故，则(ze)致万民(min)於王门，令无节(jie)者(zhe)不行於天下。（大(da)故，谓王崩及寇兵(bing)也(ye)。节(jie)，六(liu)节(jie)。有节(jie)乃得(de)行，防奸私(si)。）
[疏]“若国”至“天下”
○释曰：“若国有大故”者，大故是非常之事，故言“若”也。“则致万民於王门”者，以待任用故也。云“令无节者不行於天下”者，大故之时恐有奸寇。节者，用为行道之信，故无节者不行於天下，所以防奸私也。
○注“大故”至“奸私”
○释曰：言大故，知(zhi)是王(wang)崩(beng)(beng)及寇(kou)兵(bing)者，下经别云大荒、大札(zha)，故知(zhi)大故中有(you)王(wang)崩(beng)(beng)、寇(kou)兵(bing)二事也。云“节(jie)(jie)(jie)，六(liu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)”者，案《掌节(jie)(jie)(jie)》“山国(guo)用(yong)(yong)虎节(jie)(jie)(jie)，土国(guo)用(yong)(yong)人节(jie)(jie)(jie)，泽(ze)国(guo)用(yong)(yong)龙节(jie)(jie)(jie)，门(men)关用(yong)(yong)符(fu)节(jie)(jie)(jie)，货财用(yong)(yong)玺(xi)节(jie)(jie)(jie)，道路用(yong)(yong)旌节(jie)(jie)(jie)”也。
大荒、大札，则令邦国移民通财、舍禁弛力、薄征缓刑。（大荒，大凶年也。大札，大疫病也。移民，辟灾就贱。其有守不可移者，则输之。《春秋》定五年“夏，归粟於蔡”是也。
○札，侧八反。）
[疏]“大荒”至“缓刑”
○释曰：大荒谓大凶年，大札谓大疫病。“则令邦国”者，谓令天下诸侯邦国也。“移民通财”者，此谓两事，移民谓分口往就贱。财是米也，其有留守不得去者，则贱处通米与之。“舍禁”者，谓山泽之内旧遮禁不听人入者，令皆舍而不禁，容民取蔬食也。“弛力”者，谓弛力役之事。“薄征”者，若据大荒，则全无征税。今言薄征者，容有小荒仍有征税，案《司稼》注云“丰年从正，俭有所杀，若今十伤二三，实除减半”者也。“缓刑”者，谓有刑罚，宽而放之。
○注“大荒”至“是也”
○释曰：“大荒(huang)(huang)，大凶年也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓若(ruo)《曲(qu)礼》云(yun)“岁凶，年不登(deng)”。言(yan)大者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，《梁》云(yun)“五(wu)不熟谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大侵(qin)”，与此一也(ye)。“大札，大疫病也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，谓若(ruo)《左氏传》云(yun)“夭昏(hun)札瘥”。云(yun)“其有守不可移(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，则输之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，释经通(tong)财(cai)也(ye)。又引(yin)“《春秋》定(ding)五(wu)年夏，输粟(su)(su)於蔡(cai)(cai)是也(ye)”者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，案(an)彼传，定(ding)四年，楚瓦(wa)伐蔡(cai)(cai)，五(wu)年夏，归粟(su)(su)於蔡(cai)(cai)。彼虽非荒(huang)(huang)札之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)，直取(qu)归粟(su)(su)一道，证经通(tong)财(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义。
岁终，则令教官正治而致事。（岁终，自周季冬也。教官，其属六十。正治，明处其文书。致事，上其计簿。
○上，时掌反。薄，蒲户反，注同。）
[疏]“岁终”至“致事”
○释曰：“岁终则令教官”者，其属六十官也。云“正治而致事”者，谓正直治理其文书，不得滥失，以为公状，然後致其职事以待考。
○注“岁终”至“计簿”
○释曰：知(zhi)岁(sui)终是(shi)周(zhou)季冬者，以其正月之(zhi)吉始和(he)，是(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)岁(sui)始，明此(ci)致(zhi)事(shi)之(zhi)时(shi)亦是(shi)周(zhou)之(zhi)岁(sui)终。云“致(zhi)事(shi)，上(shang)其计簿(bu)”者，汉时(shi)考吏(li)(li)(li)谓之(zhi)计吏(li)(li)(li)。计吏(li)(li)(li)，据其使人也，此(ci)言计簿(bu)，据其文书也。
正岁令于教官(guan)曰：“各(ge)共尔职，乃事，以听王命。其有不正，则(ze)国有常刑。”（正岁，夏正月朔日(ri)。）
[疏]“正岁”至“常刑”
○释曰：“正岁令于教官”者，以其岁始当除旧布新，各共尔之职，汝之事。尔、乃，皆汝也。“以听王命”者，听，待也。“其不正，则国有常刑”者，谓文书不正直而滥失，则有常刑。常刑者，谓二千五百条，各依轻重而受刑法。
○注“正岁”至“朔日”
○释(shi)曰：《周礼(li)》上(shang)下凡言(yan)“正岁”者(zhe)(zhe)，皆是夏之(zhi)(zhi)正月。又(you)知(zhi)(zhi)是朔日者(zhe)(zhe)，以其正月之(zhi)(zhi)吉是朔日，此虽不言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)吉，亦是朔日为始可知(zhi)(zhi)也。