鲁仲连义不帝秦
秦围(wei)赵(zhao)之邯郸。魏安厘(li)王(wang)使(shi)将(jiang)军(jun)晋鄙救赵(zhao),畏秦,止于荡阴,不进。魏王(wang)使(shi)客(ke)将(jiang)军(jun)辛垣衍间入(ru)邯郸,因(yin)平原君谓赵(zhao)王(wang)曰:“秦所以急围(wei)赵(zhao)者,前与(yu)齐闵王(wang)争强为帝,已而(er)复归帝,以齐故(gu)。今(jin)齐闵王(wang)已益弱(ruo),方今(jin)唯秦雄天(tian)下,此非(fei)必贪邯郸,其意欲求(qiu)为帝。赵(zhao)诚发使(shi)尊秦昭王(wang)为帝,秦必喜,罢兵(bing)去。”平原君犹豫未有所决(jue)。
此(ci)时(shi)鲁(lu)仲连(lian)适游(you)赵,会秦(qin)围(wei)赵,闻魏(wei)将欲(yu)令赵尊秦(qin)为帝,乃见(jian)平(ping)原君曰(yue)(yue):“事将奈何矣?”平(ping)原君曰(yue)(yue):“胜(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)何敢(gan)言事?百万之(zhi)众折于(yu)外(wai),今又内围(wei)邯郸而(er)不(bu)去。魏(wei)王使客将军辛垣(yuan)(yuan)衍令赵帝秦(qin),今其(qi)人在是。胜(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)何敢(gan)言事?”鲁(lu)连(lian)曰(yue)(yue):“始吾(wu)(wu)以君为天下之(zhi)贤公(gong)(gong)子也(ye)(ye)(ye),吾(wu)(wu)乃今然后知君非(fei)天下之(zhi)贤公(gong)(gong)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)。梁客辛垣(yuan)(yuan)衍安在?吾(wu)(wu)请为君责而(er)归之(zhi)!”平(ping)原君曰(yue)(yue):“胜(sheng)请为绍介(jie)而(er)见(jian)之(zhi)于(yu)先(xian)生(sheng)。”平(ping)原君遂见(jian)辛垣(yuan)(yuan)衍曰(yue)(yue):“东国有(you)鲁(lu)连(lian)先(xian)生(sheng),其(qi)人在此(ci),胜(sheng)请为绍介(jie)而(er)见(jian)之(zhi)于(yu)先(xian)生(sheng)。”辛垣(yuan)(yuan)衍曰(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)闻鲁(lu)连(lian)先(xian)生(sheng),齐(qi)国之(zhi)高士也(ye)(ye)(ye)。衍,人臣也(ye)(ye)(ye),使事有(you)职,吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)愿见(jian)鲁(lu)连(lian)先(xian)生(sheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。”平(ping)原君曰(yue)(yue):“胜(sheng)已(yi)泄之(zhi)矣。”辛垣(yuan)(yuan)衍许诺(nuo)。
鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)见(jian)辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)言。辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)视居(ju)此(ci)围(wei)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中者(zhe)(zhe),皆有(you)(you)(you)求于(yu)(yu)平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);今(jin)吾(wu)(wu)视先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)玉貌,非(fei)有(you)(you)(you)求于(yu)(yu)平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe),曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)久居(ju)此(ci)围(wei)城(cheng)中而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?”鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“世以(yi)(yi)鲍焦[43]无(wu)(wu)(wu)从容[44]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),皆非(fei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。今(jin)众人(ren)(ren)不(bu)知(zhi),则(ze)为(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)身(shen)[45]。彼(bi)(bi)秦(qin)(qin)者(zhe)(zhe),弃(qi)礼(li)义而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)[46]首(shou)功[47]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),权使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)士(shi)[48],虏(lu)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)民[49];彼(bi)(bi)[50]则(ze)[51]肆然(ran)(ran)(ran)[52]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)为(wei)(wei)(wei)帝(di)(di),过而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遂(sui)正于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)[53],则(ze)连(lian)(lian)有(you)(you)(you)[54]赴[55]东海而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死(si)(si)矣(yi),吾(wu)(wu)不(bu)忍为(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民[56]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!所(suo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)[57]见(jian)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军者(zhe)(zhe),欲(yu)以(yi)(yi)[58]助赵(zhao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奈何(he)(he)?”鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)及燕助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),齐(qi)(qi)楚则(ze)固[59]助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“燕,则(ze)吾(wu)(wu)请(qing)以(yi)(yi)从[60]矣(yi);若乃(nai)[61]梁(liang)(liang)(liang),则(ze)吾(wu)(wu)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)恶[62]能(neng)使(shi)(shi)[63]梁(liang)(liang)(liang)助之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耶(ye)(ye)?”鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“梁(liang)(liang)(liang)未睹秦(qin)(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)故(gu)(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);使(shi)(shi)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)睹秦(qin)(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai),则(ze)必助赵(zhao)矣(yi)。”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“秦(qin)(qin)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)奈何(he)(he)?”鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昔(xi)齐(qi)(qi)威王[64]尝为(wei)(wei)(wei)仁义矣(yi),率天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)朝(chao)(chao)周(zhou)。周(zhou)贫且(qie)微,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)莫[65]朝(chao)(chao),而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)齐(qi)(qi)独朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。居(ju)岁余,周(zhou)烈(lie)王[66]崩,诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)皆吊(diao)[67],齐(qi)(qi)后(hou)往。周(zhou)怒(nu),赴[68]于(yu)(yu)齐(qi)(qi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘天(tian)(tian)(tian)崩地坼[69],天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)下(xia)席[70],东藩[71]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen)田婴齐(qi)(qi)后(hou)至,则(ze)斮[72]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)!’威王勃然(ran)(ran)(ran)[73]怒(nu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):‘叱(chi)嗟[74]!而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)母[75],婢也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!’卒[76]为(wei)(wei)(wei)[77]天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)笑。故(gu)(gu)(gu)生(sheng)[78]则(ze)朝(chao)(chao)周(zhou),死(si)(si)则(ze)叱(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),诚不(bu)能(neng)忍其(qi)(qi)求也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[79]。彼(bi)(bi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)固然(ran)(ran)(ran)[80],其(qi)(qi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)足(zu)怪(guai)[81]。”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)独未见(jian)夫仆(pu)[82]乎[83]?十人(ren)(ren)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)从[84]一(yi)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe),宁(ning)[85]力不(bu)胜(sheng)、智不(bu)若耶(ye)(ye)?畏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“然(ran)(ran)(ran)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比于(yu)(yu)秦(qin)(qin)[86],若[87]仆(pu)耶(ye)(ye)?”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“然(ran)(ran)(ran)。”鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“然(ran)(ran)(ran)则(ze)[88]吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)王烹(peng)醢(hai)[89]梁(liang)(liang)(liang)王!”辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)怏然(ran)(ran)(ran)[90]不(bu)悦(yue),曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“嘻[91]!亦(yi)太甚[92]矣(yi),先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)又(you)恶能(neng)使(shi)(shi)秦(qin)(qin)王烹(peng)醢(hai)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)王?”鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“固也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)[93]!待(dai)吾(wu)(wu)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[94]:昔(xi)者(zhe)(zhe)鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)、文王[95],纣(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三公也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)(you)(you)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)[96]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)好[97],故(gu)(gu)(gu)入(ru)[98]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)纣(zhou)。纣(zhou)以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)(wei)恶[99],醢(hai)鬼(gui)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)争之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)急[100],辨[101]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji),故(gu)(gu)(gu)脯[102]鄂侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)。文王闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),喟然(ran)(ran)(ran)[103]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)叹,故(gu)(gu)(gu)拘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)牖里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)库[104]百(bai)日,而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)。——曷为(wei)(wei)(wei)[105]与人(ren)(ren)俱(ju)称(cheng)帝(di)(di)王,卒就[106]脯醢(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)?”齐(qi)(qi)闵(min)王[107]将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[108]鲁(lu)(lu),夷维(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)[109]执策[110]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)从,谓(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)[111]待(dai)吾(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)?”鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)十太牢待(dai)[112]子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)。”夷维(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)安(an)取礼(li)[114]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)来待(dai)吾(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)?彼(bi)(bi)吾(wu)(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe),天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)巡狩[115],诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)辟(pi)舍[116],纳(na)(na)筦(guan)键[117],摄衽[118]抱几(ji)[119],视膳[120]于(yu)(yu)堂下(xia);天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)已食,退(tui)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)听(ting)朝(chao)(chao)[121]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”鲁(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)投其(qi)(qi)钥[122],不(bu)果[123]纳(na)(na)[124],不(bu)得(de)入(ru)于(yu)(yu)鲁(lu)(lu)。将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)薛,假(jia)涂[125]于(yu)(yu)邹(zou)(zou)(zou)。当是(shi)时,邹(zou)(zou)(zou)君(jun)(jun)(jun)死(si)(si),闵(min)王欲(yu)入(ru)吊(diao)。夷维(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)谓(wei)邹(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孤[126]曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)吊(diao),主人(ren)(ren)必将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)倍(bei)[127]殡(bin)柩[128],设(she)北面(mian)于(yu)(yu)南方[129],然(ran)(ran)(ran)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)南面(mian)吊(diao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”邹(zou)(zou)(zou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群臣(chen)(chen)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“必若此(ci),吾(wu)(wu)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)伏剑(jian)[130]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)死(si)(si)。”故(gu)(gu)(gu)不(bu)敢(gan)入(ru)于(yu)(yu)邹(zou)(zou)(zou)。邹(zou)(zou)(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen),生(sheng)则(ze)不(bu)得(de)事养[131],死(si)(si)则(ze)不(bu)得(de)饭(fan)含[132],然(ran)(ran)(ran)且(qie)[133]欲(yu)行天(tian)(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)于(yu)(yu)邹(zou)(zou)(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)(chen),不(bu)果纳(na)(na)。今(jin)秦(qin)(qin)万(wan)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),梁(liang)(liang)(liang)亦(yi)万(wan)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),俱(ju)据万(wan)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),交[134]有(you)(you)(you)称(cheng)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名。睹其(qi)(qi)一(yi)战而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)胜(sheng),欲(yu)从而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[135],是(shi)使(shi)(shi)三晋(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)臣(chen)(chen),不(bu)如(ru)邹(zou)(zou)(zou)鲁(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仆(pu)妾(qie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)秦(qin)(qin)无(wu)(wu)(wu)已[136]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)帝(di)(di)[137],则(ze)且(qie)[138]变易[139]诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)臣(chen)(chen),彼(bi)(bi)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)夺其(qi)(qi)所(suo)谓(wei)不(bu)肖(xiao)[140]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)予其(qi)(qi)所(suo)谓(wei)贤,夺其(qi)(qi)所(suo)憎(zeng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)与其(qi)(qi)所(suo)爱;彼(bi)(bi)又(you)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)使(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女[142]谗妾(qie)[143]为(wei)(wei)(wei)诸(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)妃姬,处梁(liang)(liang)(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)王安(an)得(de)晏然(ran)(ran)(ran)[144]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已[145]乎?而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军又(you)何(he)(he)以(yi)(yi)[146]得(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)宠(chong)[147]乎?于(yu)(yu)是(shi)辛(xin)(xin)垣衍(yan)起(qi),再拜(bai)[148]谢[149]曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“始(shi)以(yi)(yi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)庸人(ren)(ren)[150],吾(wu)(wu)乃(nai)今(jin)日而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)知(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)[151]也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)!吾(wu)(wu)请(qing)去,不(bu)敢(gan)复言帝(di)(di)秦(qin)(qin)!”秦(qin)(qin)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)(wei)(wei)却军[152]五十里。适会[153]魏公子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)无(wu)(wu)(wu)忌[154]夺晋(jin)(jin)鄙军以(yi)(yi)救(jiu)赵(zhao)击秦(qin)(qin),秦(qin)(qin)军引[155]而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)(jun)欲(yu)封鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian),鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)辞(ci)让者(zhe)(zhe)三[156],终(zhong)不(bu)肯受。平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)(jun)乃(nai)置酒[157],酒酣[158],起(qi),前[159],以(yi)(yi)千金为(wei)(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)寿[160]。鲁(lu)(lu)连(lian)(lian)笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“所(suo)贵(gui)于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)者(zhe)(zhe),为(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)排患[161]、释难、解纷乱而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)取也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye);即[162]有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)取者(zhe)(zhe),是(shi)商贾[163]之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仲(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)(lian)不(bu)忍为(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。”遂(sui)辞(ci)平(ping)原君(jun)(jun)(jun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)去,终(zhong)身(shen)不(bu)复见(jian)。
注释
①邯郸:赵国(guo)都城,今(jin)河北邯郸市。晋鄙:魏国(guo)大将。荡阴:地(di)名(ming),今(jin)河南(nan)汤阴。
②客(ke)将军(jun):原籍不(bu)在某国而(er)任该国将军(jun)。间入:潜(qian)入。
③因:通过。平原君:赵国公子(zi)赵胜,封(feng)平原君,时为赵相。
④前(qian)与(yu)齐(qi)(qi)闵王(wang)争强(qiang)为帝(di):前(qian)288年,齐(qi)(qi)闵王(wang)(也写(xie)作齐(qi)(qi)湣王(wang),名(ming)地)称(cheng)东(dong)帝(di)。于是(shi) 秦昭王(wang)(名(ming)稷)称(cheng)西(xi)帝(di)
⑤今齐(qi)闵王益弱:秦围邯(han)郸时,齐(qi)闵王死去(qu)已二(er)十多年。 王力先生说,此句疑有误意思是,今之齐(qi)比湣(min)王时益弱
⑥秦(qin)昭王:秦(qin)国(guo)国(guo)君。曾多次(ci)打败(bai)敌国(guo),奠(dian)定了秦(qin)统一六国(guo)的基础(chu)。 秦(qin)始皇(huang)的太爷爷
⑦胜:平(ping)原君赵(zhao)胜自称名。
⑧百万之(zhi)众折于外:前260年,秦将白起(qi)在长平大(da)破赵(zhao)(zhao)兵,坑(keng)赵(zhao)(zhao)降兵40余(yu)万人(ren)。折,挫(cuo)败。
⑨内:指深(shen)入国(guo)境。
①曷:什么。
②鲍焦:春秋时隐士,因对现实不满,抱树而死。无从容:心胸(xiong)不开阔。
③上:同“尚”,崇(chong)尚。首功(gong)(gong):斩首之功(gong)(gong)。
④过:甚至。正:通“政”,统治。
⑤梁:梁国(guo),即魏(wei)国(guo)。
⑥若乃:至于。恶:怎么(me)。
⑦齐威王:齐国国君,姓田,名婴齐。
⑧赴:同“讣”,报丧。天崩(beng)地坼:比喻天子死。坼:裂(lie)。下席:新(xin)君(jun)离开原(yuan)来的宫室,寝于草席上守丧,以示哀悼。
⑨东藩:指齐(qi)国(guo)。斮(音zhuo2):斩。
⑩叱(chi)嗟(jie):怒斥(chi)声。而:你的。
①宁:难道。
②烹:煮杀。醢(音(yin)hai3):剁成肉酱。
③子(zi):女(nv)儿。好(hao):貌美。
④脯(fu):把(ba)人(ren)杀死做成肉干(gan)。
⑤牖(you3)里:地名,今河南汤阴北(bei)。库:监(jian)狱(yu)。 也作"羑里"
⑥策:马鞭。
⑦巡狩(shou):天子(zi)出巡。避舍:宫室让给天子(zi)。管键:钥匙。衽:衣襟。几(ji):座旁的小桌子(zi)。
⑧涂:同“途”。邹:战国时小国,今山(shan)东邹县。
⑨主人必(bi)将倍殡柩(jiu)(jiu):古代丧礼,主人在东,灵柩(jiu)(jiu)在西,正面对着灵柩(jiu)(jiu)。天(tian)子来吊,主人就要(yao)背着灵柩(jiu)(jiu)。倍,同“背”。
⑩饭含(han):人(ren)死后,把饭放死人(ren)口(kou)中称“饭”,把珠玉放死人(ren)口(kou)中称“含(han)”。
○11三(san)晋:晋国原是春秋强国,后(hou)被韩、赵、魏三(san)家瓜(gua)分,后(hou)因称韩、赵、魏为三(san)晋。
○12无已:没有人阻止。
○13谗妾:嫉贤妒能的妇人。
①却:撤退。
②适(shi)会(hui)公子(zi)(zi)无忌夺(duo)晋(jin)鄙(bi)军:魏公子(zi)(zi)无忌为救赵国,托魏王(wang)(wang)爱姬盗(dao)得兵(bing)符,又(you)假传王(wang)(wang)命(ming),杀晋(jin)鄙(bi)夺(duo)兵(bing)权。
③为鲁(lu)连寿:祝鲁(lu)仲连长寿。
翻译
赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)(wang)时,秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)派(pai)白起在(zai)长(zhang)平前(qian)后(hou)击溃赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四(si)(si)十万军(jun)(jun)队,于(yu)(yu)是(shi),秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)军(jun)(jun)队向东(dong)挺进(jin),围(wei)(wei)困(kun)(kun)了邯(han)(han)郸(dan)(dan)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)很害怕,各国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)救兵也没有(you)谁(shei)敢攻(gong)击秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)。魏安(an)釐王(wang)(wang)派(pai)出将军(jun)(jun)晋鄙营救赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),因为(wei)畏惧秦(qin)军(jun)(jun),驻扎在(zai)汤阴不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢前(qian)进(jin)。魏王(wang)(wang)派(pai)客(ke)(ke)(ke)籍将军(jun)(jun)新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan),从隐蔽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小路进(jin)入邯(han)(han)郸(dan)(dan),通过平原(yuan)君的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)关(guan)系(xi)见(jian)(jian)(jian)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)王(wang)(wang)说(shuo)(shuo):“秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)所以(yi)(yi)急于(yu)(yu)围(wei)(wei)攻(gong)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),是(shi)因为(wei)以(yi)(yi)前(qian)和齐湣王(wang)(wang)争强称(cheng)帝(di),不(bu)(bu)(bu)久又(you)取(qu)消(xiao)了帝(di)号;如今(jin)(jin)齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)更加(jia)削(xue)弱,当(dang)今(jin)(jin)只有(you)秦(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)称(cheng)雄(xiong)天(tian)下,这(zhei)(zhei)次围(wei)(wei)城(cheng)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)贪图(tu)邯(han)(han)郸(dan)(dan),他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意图(tu)是(shi)要重新称(cheng)帝(di)。赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)果真能(neng)派(pai)遣使(shi)臣(chen)尊奉(feng)(feng)秦(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)为(wei)帝(di),秦(qin)王(wang)(wang)一定很高兴,就会撤兵离(li)去。”平原(yuan)君犹豫不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)决断(duan)。这(zhei)(zhei)时,鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)客(ke)(ke)(ke)游赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),正赶上(shang)秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)围(wei)(wei)攻(gong)邯(han)(han)郸(dan)(dan),听说(shuo)(shuo)魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)想要让(rang)(rang)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尊奉(feng)(feng)秦(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)称(cheng)帝(di),就去进(jin)见(jian)(jian)(jian)平原(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo):“这(zhei)(zhei)件事(shi)怎么办?”平原(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)哪(na)里(li)(li)还敢谈(tan)论(lun)这(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)事(shi)!前(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久,在(zai)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)外损失了四(si)(si)十万大(da)(da)军(jun)(jun),而今(jin)(jin),秦(qin)军(jun)(jun)打到国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)内(nei)围(wei)(wei)困(kun)(kun)邯(han)(han)郸(dan)(dan),又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)使(shi)之(zhi)退兵。魏王(wang)(wang)派(pai)客(ke)(ke)(ke)籍将军(jun)(jun)新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)让(rang)(rang)赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)尊奉(feng)(feng)秦(qin)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)称(cheng)帝(di),眼下,那个人还在(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)儿(er)。我(wo)(wo)哪(na)里(li)(li)还敢谈(tan)论(lun)这(zhei)(zhei)样的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)事(shi)?”鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)说(shuo)(shuo):“以(yi)(yi)前(qian)我(wo)(wo)认(ren)为(wei)您(nin)(nin)是(shi)天(tian)下贤明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公子(zi),今(jin)(jin)天(tian)我(wo)(wo)才知道您(nin)(nin)并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)天(tian)下贤明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公子(zi)。魏国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)客(ke)(ke)(ke)人新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)在(zai)哪(na)儿(er)?我(wo)(wo)替您(nin)(nin)去责(ze)问他(ta)(ta)并(bing)(bing)且(qie)让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)回去。”平原(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)愿为(wei)您(nin)(nin)介绍,让(rang)(rang)他(ta)(ta)跟先生(sheng)(sheng)相见(jian)(jian)(jian)。”于(yu)(yu)是(shi)平原(yuan)君见(jian)(jian)(jian)新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo):“齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)位鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)先生(sheng)(sheng),如今(jin)(jin)他(ta)(ta)就在(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)儿(er),我(wo)(wo)愿替您(nin)(nin)介绍,跟将军(jun)(jun)认(ren)识(shi)认(ren)识(shi)。”新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)听说(shuo)(shuo)鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)先生(sheng)(sheng),是(shi)齐国(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)志(zhi)行高尚(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人。我(wo)(wo)是(shi)魏王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)子(zi),奉(feng)(feng)命出使(shi)身负(fu)职责(ze),我(wo)(wo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)愿见(jian)(jian)(jian)鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)(lian)先生(sheng)(sheng)。”平原(yuan)君说(shuo)(shuo):“我(wo)(wo)已(yi)经把您(nin)(nin)在(zai)这(zhei)(zhei)儿(er)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)息透露了。”新垣(yuan)(yuan)衍(yan)只好应允(yun)了。
鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)见(jian)到新垣(yuan)衍(yan)却一言不发。新垣(yuan)衍(yan)说:“我(wo)看(kan)留在(zai)这座围城中的(de),都(dou)是有求于(yu)(yu)平(ping)原(yuan)君的(de)人(ren);而(er)今,我(wo)看(kan)先生的(de)尊(zun)容,不像(xiang)是有求于(yu)(yu)平(ping)原(yuan)君的(de)人(ren),为什(shen)么还(hai)长(zhang)久地(di)留在(zai)这围城之(zhi)(zhi)中而(er)不离去呢?”鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说:“世人(ren)认为鲍焦没有博大的(de)胸怀(huai)而(er)死(si)去,这种看(kan)法都(dou)错(cuo)了。一般人(ren)不了解他(ta)耻(chi)居浊世的(de)心意(yi)(yi),认为他(ta)是为个(ge)人(ren)打算(suan)。那(nei)秦国(guo),是个(ge)抛(pao)弃礼(li)仪而(er)只崇尚战功的(de)国(guo)家,用权诈之(zhi)(zhi)术对待(dai)士卒(zu),像(xiang)对待(dai)奴隶一样(yang)役使(shi)百姓。如(ru)果让(rang)它(ta)无所忌惮地(di)恣(zi)意(yi)(yi)称(cheng)帝(di),进(jin)而(er)统治天下,那(nei)么,我(wo)只有跳进(jin)东(dong)海去死(si),我(wo)不忍心作(zuo)它(ta)的(de)顺民,我(wo)所以来见(jian)将(jiang)军,是打算(suan)帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)啊(a)。”新垣(yuan)衍(yan)说:“先生怎(zen)么帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)呢?”鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说:“我(wo)要请魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)和燕国(guo)帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)它(ta),齐、楚(chu)两国(guo)本来就帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)了。”新垣(yuan)衍(yan)说:“燕国(guo)嘛,我(wo)相信会听从您的(de);至于(yu)(yu)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo),我(wo)就是魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)人(ren),先生怎(zen)么能让(rang)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)呢?”鲁(lu)仲(zhong)连(lian)说:“魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)是因(yin)为没看(kan)清秦国(guo)称(cheng)帝(di)的(de)祸患(huan),才(cai)没帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)。假如(ru)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)国(guo)看(kan)清秦国(guo)称(cheng)帝(di)的(de)祸患(huan)后(hou),就一定会帮(bang)(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)赵(zhao)国(guo)。”
新垣衍说(shuo):“秦国称帝后会有(you)什么(me)祸患呢(ni)?”鲁仲连说(shuo):“从前,齐(qi)(qi)威(wei)王(wang)(wang)曾经(jing)奉行仁义,率(lv)领(ling)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)诸(zhu)侯而朝(chao)(chao)拜周天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)。当时,周天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)贫(pin)困又弱小,诸(zhu)侯们没有(you)谁去朝(chao)(chao)拜,唯有(you)齐(qi)(qi)国去朝(chao)(chao)拜。过了(le)一年多,周烈王(wang)(wang)逝(shi)世,齐(qi)(qi)王(wang)(wang)奔(ben)丧(sang)去迟(chi)了(le),新继位(wei)的(de)(de)周显王(wang)(wang)很生气,派人到齐(qi)(qi)国报(bao)丧(sang)说(shuo): ‘天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)逝(shi)世,如同天(tian)(tian)崩地裂般的(de)(de)大事,新继位(wei)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)得离开宫(gong)殿居(ju)丧(sang)守孝,睡在草(cao)席上,东方属国之(zhi)臣(chen)田(tian)婴齐(qi)(qi)居(ju)然(ran)敢迟(chi)到,当斩。’齐(qi)(qi)威(wei)王(wang)(wang)听了(le),勃然(ran)大怒,骂(ma)道:‘呸!您母亲(qin)原先还(hai)是(shi)个婢女(nv)呢(ni)! ’最终被天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)传为笑(xiao)柄。齐(qi)(qi)威(wei)王(wang)(wang)所以在周天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)活着的(de)(de)时候去朝(chao)(chao)见(jian),死了(le)就破口大骂(ma),实在是(shi)忍受不了(le)新天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)苛求啊。那些作天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)本来就是(shi)这个样子(zi)(zi),也(ye)没什么(me)值得奇怪(guai)的(de)(de)。”
新垣衍(yan)(yan)(yan)说:“先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)难道(dao)没见过奴仆(pu)吗(ma)?十个(ge)奴仆(pu)侍(shi)奉一(yi)个(ge)主人,难道(dao)是(shi)(shi)力(li)气赶(gan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)、才智(zhi)比不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)他(ta)吗(ma)?是(shi)(shi)害怕他(ta)啊。”鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连说:“唉(ai)!魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)和秦(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)相比魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)像仆(pu)人吗(ma)?”新垣衍(yan)(yan)(yan)说:“是(shi)(shi)。” 鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连说:“那(nei)么(me)(me),我(wo)就(jiu)(jiu)让(rang)(rang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)烹(peng)煮魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)剁成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉酱(jiang)(jiang)?”新垣衍(yan)(yan)(yan)很不(bu)(bu)(bu)高兴不(bu)(bu)(bu)服气地(di)(di)(di)说:“哼哼,先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)话,也太过分了!先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)又(you)怎(zen)(zen)么(me)(me)能(neng)(neng)(neng)让(rang)(rang)秦(qin)(qin)(qin)王(wang)(wang)烹(peng)煮了魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)剁成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉酱(jiang)(jiang)呢?”严(yan)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)连说:“当然(ran)能(neng)(neng)(neng)够,我(wo)说给(ji)(ji)您听。从(cong)前(qian)(qian),九侯(hou)(hou)、鄂(e)侯(hou)(hou)、文(wen)王(wang)(wang)是(shi)(shi)殷(yin)纣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)个(ge)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)。九侯(hou)(hou)有(you)个(ge)女(nv)儿(er)长(zhang)得(de)(de)娇美(mei),把(ba)她(ta)献给(ji)(ji)殷(yin)纣,殷(yin)纣认(ren)(ren)为(wei)她(ta)长(zhang)得(de)(de)丑陋,把(ba)九侯(hou)(hou)剁成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉酱(jiang)(jiang)。鄂(e)侯(hou)(hou)刚直诤谏(jian),激烈(lie)辩白(bai),又(you)把(ba)鄂(e)侯(hou)(hou)杀死(si)做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉干(gan)。文(wen)王(wang)(wang)听到(dao)这(zhei)件(jian)事(shi)(shi),只是(shi)(shi)长(zhang)长(zhang)地(di)(di)(di)叹(tan)息(xi),殷(yin)纣又(you)把(ba)他(ta)囚禁在(zai)牖里(li)监(jian)牢内(nei)一(yi)百天(tian)(tian),想要(yao)(yao)(yao)他(ta)死(si)。为(wei)什么(me)(me)和人家同样(yang)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang),最终(zhong)落到(dao)被剁成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉酱(jiang)(jiang)、做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)肉干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)步呢?齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)前(qian)(qian)往鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo),夷维子(zi)(zi)替他(ta)赶(gan)着车子(zi)(zi)作(zuo)随(sui)员。他(ta)对鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员们(men)(men)说:‘你(ni)们(men)(men)准备(bei)怎(zen)(zen)样(yang)接待(dai)(dai)我(wo)们(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)?’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员们(men)(men)说:‘我(wo)们(men)(men)打(da)(da)算用于(yu)副太牢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礼(li)仪接待(dai)(dai)您的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)。’夷维子(zi)(zi)说:‘你(ni)们(men)(men)这(zhei)是(shi)(shi)按(an)照(zhao)哪来的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礼(li)仪接待(dai)(dai)我(wo)们(men)(men)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun),我(wo)那(nei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun),是(shi)(shi)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)啊。天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)到(dao)各国(guo)(guo)(guo)巡察,诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)例应(ying)迁出正宫,移居别(bie)处,交出钥匙(chi),撩起衣襟,安排(pai)几桌,站(zhan)在(zai)堂(tang)下(xia)伺候天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)用膳,天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)吃完(wan)后(hou)(hou),才可以退回朝(chao)堂(tang)听政理(li)事(shi)(shi)。’鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo)官(guan)员听了,就(jiu)(jiu)关闭上(shang)锁,不(bu)(bu)(bu)让(rang)(rang)齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)入(ru)境(jing)。齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)进(jin)入(ru)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)国(guo)(guo)(guo),打(da)(da)算借道(dao)邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)(qian)往薛(xue)地(di)(di)(di)。正当这(zhei)时(shi),邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)逝世(shi),齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)想入(ru)境(jing)镜(jing)吊丧,夷维子(zi)(zi)对邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗣君(jun)(jun)说:‘天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)吊丧,丧主一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)把(ba)灵(ling)枢转换方向,在(zai)南面安放朝(chao)北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灵(ling)位(wei),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)面向南吊丧。’邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)臣(chen)们(men)(men)说:‘一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)这(zhei)样(yang),我(wo)们(men)(men)宁(ning)愿用剑自(zi)杀。’所(suo)以齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢进(jin)入(ru)邹(zou)国(guo)(guo)(guo)。邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)两(liang)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi),国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)前(qian)(qian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)够好(hao)好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)侍(shi)奉,国(guo)(guo)(guo)君(jun)(jun)死(si)后(hou)(hou)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)周(zhou)备(bei)地(di)(di)(di)助(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)丧仪,然(ran)而想要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)行天(tian)(tian)子(zi)(zi)之礼(li),邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臣(chen)子(zi)(zi)们(men)(men)终(zhong)于(yu)拒绝齐(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)入(ru)境(jing)。如今,秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)拥有(you)万辆战车的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家,魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)也是(shi)(shi)拥有(you)万辆战车的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)国(guo)(guo)(guo)家。都是(shi)(shi)万乘大(da)国(guo)(guo)(guo),又(you)各有(you)称(cheng)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名分,只看它(ta)打(da)(da)了一(yi)次胜仗,就(jiu)(jiu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)顺从(cong)地(di)(di)(di)拥护它(ta)称(cheng)帝,这(zhei)就(jiu)(jiu)使得(de)(de)三(san)晋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)臣(chen)比不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)邹(zou)、鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)奴仆(pu)、卑(bei)妾了。如果秦(qin)(qin)(qin)国(guo)(guo)(guo)贪心不(bu)(bu)(bu)足,终(zhong)于(yu)称(cheng)帝,那(nei)么(me)(me),就(jiu)(jiu)会更换诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)臣(chen)。他(ta)将要(yao)(yao)(yao)罢免他(ta)认(ren)(ren)为(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),换上(shang)他(ta)认(ren)(ren)为(wei)贤能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人,罢免他(ta)憎恶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),换上(shang)他(ta)所(suo)喜爱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人。还(hai)要(yao)(yao)(yao)让(rang)(rang)他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儿(er)女(nv)和搬弄事(shi)(shi)非的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姬(ji)妄,嫁给(ji)(ji)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯(hou)(hou)做(zuo)妃姬(ji),住在(zai)魏(wei)(wei)国(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宫廷里(li),魏(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)怎(zen)(zen)么(me)(me)能(neng)(neng)(neng)够安安定定地(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)活呢?而将军您又(you)怎(zen)(zen)么(me)(me)能(neng)(neng)(neng)够得(de)(de)到(dao)原先(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宠信呢?”
于是,新垣(yuan)衍站起(qi)来(lai),向(xiang)鲁仲连(lian)(lian)连(lian)(lian)拜两(liang)次谢(xie)罪说:“当初认为(wei)先生(sheng)是个普通(tong)的人,我今天(tian)(tian)才知道(dao)先生(sheng)是天(tian)(tian)下(xia)杰出的高(gao)士。我将离开赵国,再不敢(gan)谈(tan)秦王(wang)称帝的事了(le)。”秦军(jun)主(zhu)将听(ting)到这(zhei)个消息,为(wei)此把军(jun)队后撤了(le)五十里。恰好魏(wei)公子无(wu)忌夺得了(le)晋鄙的军(jun)权率领军(jun)队来(lai)援救赵国,攻击秦军(jun),秦军(jun)也就撤离邯郸回(hui)去了(le)。
于是(shi)平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)要封赏鲁(lu)仲连(lian),鲁(lu)仲连(lian)再(zai)(zai)三辞让,最终(zhong)也不肯(ken)接受。平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)就(jiu)设宴(yan)招待他,喝道酒酣耳热时,平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)起(qi)身向前,献(xian)上千金酬谢(xie)鲁(lu)仲连(lian)。鲁(lu)仲连(lian)笑着说:“杰出之士(shi)之所(suo)以被天下(xia)人崇尚,是(shi)因(yin)为他们能替人排除祸患(huan),消释灾(zai)难,解(jie)决(jue)纠(jiu)纷而(er)不取报酬。如果收取酬劳,那就(jiu)成了生意人的行为,我鲁(lu)仲连(lian)是(shi)不忍(ren)心那样(yang)做的。”于是(shi)辞别平原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)君(jun)走了,终(zhong)身不再(zai)(zai)相见。
背景说明
赵(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)六年(nian)(前(qian)260年(nian)),秦于长平(ping)(ping)(ping)大(da)败赵(zhao)(zhao)军(jun),秦将(jiang)白(bai)起(qi)坑杀赵(zhao)(zhao)卒四十余万,诸侯震惊(jing)。前(qian)258年(nian),为了(le)达(da)到称(cheng)帝的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de),扩张疆土,秦军(jun)包围了(le)赵(zhao)(zhao)国的(de)(de)(de)(de)都(dou)城(cheng)邯郸(dan)(dan)。魏安釐王(wang)得(de)(de)到这个消息后(hou)急(ji)忙派大(da)将(jiang)晋鄙火速驰援赵(zhao)(zhao)国。秦昭襄王(wang)得(de)(de)知魏出兵(bing)(bing)救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao),写信恐吓魏王(wang),扬言(yan)谁救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)先攻(gong)击谁。魏王(wang)收信后(hou)救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)决心发生(sheng)(sheng)动(dong)摇,命令晋鄙留兵(bing)(bing)于邺(河北滋县南;另一说(shuo)是(shi)汤阴(yin))。既摆出救(jiu)(jiu)赵(zhao)(zhao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姿态,又不敢(gan)贸然采(cai)取行(xing)动(dong)。他还派魏将(jiang)辛垣(yuan)衍秘密潜入邯郸(dan)(dan),想通(tong)过赵(zhao)(zhao)相平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君赵(zhao)(zhao)胜说(shuo)服赵(zhao)(zhao)孝成王(wang)一起(qi)尊秦为帝,以(yi)屈(qu)辱换(huan)和平(ping)(ping)(ping),以(yi)解邯郸(dan)(dan)燃眉之急(ji)。平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)君在内忧外患灾(zai)祸(huo)频仍(reng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情况下,心急(ji)如焚,束(shu)手无策(ce),形(xing)势(shi)岌(ji)岌(ji)可危。鲁(lu)仲连主动(dong)去(qu)见(jian)新垣(yuan)衍,用(yong)具体的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)例作比,生(sheng)(sheng)动(dong)形(xing)象而(er)又透辟地(di)阐(chan)明了(le)抽象的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理,指(zhi)陈帝秦的(de)(de)(de)(de)弊害,终於让“使(shi)事(shi)有职”不愿会(hui)见(jian)鲁(lu)仲连的(de)(de)(de)(de)新垣(yuan)衍拜服,不敢(gan)复言(yan)帝秦。而(er)“秦将(jiang)闻之,为却军(jun)五十里。”
鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian),又名(ming)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)子,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian)子,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)子和鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)连(lian),是(shi)战国末年齐国稷(ji)下学派后期代表人物(wu),著名(ming)的(de)(de)平(ping)民思想(xiang)家、辩论(lun)家和卓越的(de)(de)社会活动家。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)的(de)(de)生卒年月不见史籍,据(ju)钱穆先生推算是(shi)公(gong)元前305年至(zhi)公(gong)元前245年。鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)的(de)(de)籍贯亦不可考(kao),司马(ma)迁在其(qi)《史记(ji)》中仅记(ji)为(wei)(wei)“齐人”。据(ju)后人考(kao)证,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)是(shi)今(jin)天(tian)聊城市荏平(ping)县王老乡望(wang)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)店人。他“好奇伟(wei)倜傥(tang)之画策,而不肯仕宦任职(zhi),好持高节(jie)”,胸(xiong)罗(luo)奇想(xiang),志节(jie)不凡(fan),他为(wei)(wei)人排除患难、解决纷(fen)乱而一无所(suo)取(qu)。游(you)于赵国,适秦师围赵,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)义不帝秦,面(mian)折辩者。邯郸解围,平(ping)原君(jun)欲封鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian),“辞让(rang)者三,终不肯受”。以千(qian)金为(wei)(wei)鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)寿,鲁(lu)(lu)(lu)仲(zhong)(zhong)连(lian)笑而谢之。他飘然(ran)远举、不受羁絏(xie)、放浪形骸的(de)(de)性格(ge),为(wei)(wei)后世所(suo)传诵。
周昙(tan)《全唐诗·春秋战国门·鲁仲连》:“昔(xi)迸烧牛发战机(ji),夜奔惊火走燕(yan)师。今来跃(yue)马(ma)怀(huai)骄惰,十万如无一撮时。”
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