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新唐书 列传第六十 哥舒高封在线阅读

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列传第六(liu)十 哥舒(shu)高封

哥舒翰,其先盖突骑施酋长哥舒部之裔。父道元,为安西都护将军、赤水军使,故仍世居安西。翰少补效毂府果毅,家富于财,任侠重然诺,纵蒱酒长安市。年四十馀,遭父丧,不归。不为长安尉所礼,慨然发愤,游河西,事节度使王倕。倕攻新城,使翰经略,稍知名。又事王忠嗣,署衙将。翰能读《左氏春秋》、《汉书》,通大义。疏财,多施予,故士归心。为大斗军副使,佐安思顺,不相下。忠嗣更使讨吐蕃,副将倨见,翰怒,立杀之,麾下为股抃。迁左卫郎将。

吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)盗边(bian),与翰(han)(han)(han)遇(yu)苦拔海。吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)枝其(qi)(qi)军(jun)为三(san)(san)行,从山差池下,翰(han)(han)(han)持半段(duan)枪(qiang)(qiang)迎击,所向(xiang)辄(zhe)披(pi)靡,名盖军(jun)中。擢授右武卫(wei)将军(jun),副陇(long)右节度(du),为河源(yuan)军(jun)使。先是(shi),吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)候积石军(jun)麦熟(shu),岁来取,莫能禁。翰(han)(han)(han)乃使王难得、杨(yang)景晖(hui)设(she)伏东南谷。吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)以(yi)五(wu)千(qian)骑入(ru)塞,放马(ma)(ma)褫甲(jia),将就田,翰(han)(han)(han)自城中驰至(zhi)(zhi)鏖斗(dou),虏骇走(zou),追北,伏起,悉(xi)杀之,只马(ma)(ma)无(wu)还者。翰(han)(han)(han)尝逐虏,马(ma)(ma)惊(jing),陷于河,吐(tu)(tu)(tu)蕃(fan)(fan)三(san)(san)将欲刺翰(han)(han)(han),翰(han)(han)(han)大呼,皆拥矛不敢动,救兵至(zhi)(zhi),追杀之。翰(han)(han)(han)有奴曰左车,年十六(liu),以(yi)膂(lv)力闻。翰(han)(han)(han)工用枪(qiang)(qiang),追及贼,拟枪(qiang)(qiang)于肩(jian),叱之,贼反顾(gu),翰(han)(han)(han)刺其(qi)(qi)喉,剔而腾(teng)之,高五(wu)尺(chi)许,乃堕,左车即(ji)下马(ma)(ma)斩(zhan)其(qi)(qi)首,以(yi)为常。

会忠(zhong)嗣被罪,帝(di)(di)召翰(han)(han)入(ru)朝,部将请(qing)赍金帛以救忠(zhong)嗣,翰(han)(han)但(dan)赍朴装,曰:“使(shi)(shi)吾计从(cong),奚取于(yu)是?不(bu)行,用此足矣。”翰(han)(han)至,帝(di)(di)虚心(xin)待,与语(yu),异之,拜鸿胪卿,为陇右节度副(fu)大使(shi)(shi)。翰(han)(han)已谢,即极言忠(zhong)嗣之枉。帝(di)(di)起入(ru)禁中(zhong),翰(han)(han)叩头从(cong)帝(di)(di),且泣。帝(di)(di)寤,为末贷其罪,忠(zhong)嗣不(bu)及(ji)诛。朝廷称其义。

逾年,筑(zhu)神威军青海上(shang),吐蕃攻破(po)之。更(geng)筑(zhu)于龙(long)(long)驹(ju)岛(dao),有白龙(long)(long)见,因号(hao)应龙(long)(long)城。翰(han)相其(qi)川原宜(yi)畜牧,谪罪人二千戍之,由是吐蕃不(bu)敢(gan)近(jin)青海。天宝八(ba)载(zai),诏翰(han)以朔方、河东群牧兵十万攻吐蕃石堡城。数日未克,翰(han)怒,捽其(qi)将高秀岩、张(zhang)守(shou)瑜(yu),将斩之。秀岩请三日期,如期而(er)下(xia)。遂以赤(chi)岭为西塞,开(kai)屯(tun)田,备(bei)军实。加特进(jin),赐赉弥渥(wo)。十一载(zai),加开(kai)府仪同三司。

翰(han)(han)(han)素与安禄山(shan)、安思(si)顺不平,帝(di)每(mei)欲(yu)和(he)解之(zhi)。会三(san)人俱来朝,帝(di)使骠骑大将军高力士(shi)宴城东,翰(han)(han)(han)等(deng)皆集。诏(zhao)尚食(shi)生击(ji)鹿,取血瀹肠为热(re)洛河以赐之(zhi)。翰(han)(han)(han)母(mu),于阗王女也。禄山(shan)谓翰(han)(han)(han)曰(yue):“我父(fu)胡,母(mu)突厥;公父(fu)突厥,母(mu)胡。族类本同(tong),安得(de)不亲爱?”翰(han)(han)(han)曰(yue):“谚言‘狐向窟嗥,不祥’,以忘本也。兄既见爱,敢不尽心。”禄山(shan)以翰(han)(han)(han)讥其胡,怒(nu)骂(ma)曰(yue):“突厥敢尔!”翰(han)(han)(han)欲(yu)应(ying)之(zhi),力士(shi)目翰(han)(han)(han),翰(han)(han)(han)托醉(zui)去(qu)。

久之(zhi),进(jin)封凉国(guo)公(gong),兼河(he)西(xi)节度使。攻破吐蕃洪济、大(da)莫(mo)门(men)等城,收黄河(he)九曲,以其(qi)地置(zhi)洮阳郡,筑神策、宛(wan)秀二(er)军。进(jin)封西(xi)平郡王,赐音乐、田园(yuan),又(you)赐一子(zi)五品(pin)官,裨将赏(shang)拜(bai)有(you)差。宰(zai)相杨国(guo)忠恶禄山,白发其(qi)反状(zhuang),故(gu)厚结(jie)翰(han)。俄(e)进(jin)太(tai)子(zi)少保。翰(han)耆酒,极(ji)声色,因风痹(bi),体不仁。既疾废,遂还(hai)京师,阖(he)门(men)不朝请。

十四载,禄山(shan)(shan)反,封常清以(yi)王师(shi)败。帝乃召(zhao)见翰,拜太子(zi)先锋(feng)兵马(ma)元(yuan)帅(shuai),以(yi)田良丘(qiu)为(wei)军(jun)司马(ma),萧昕(xin)为(wei)判官,王思礼、钳(qian)耳(er)大福、李承光(guang)(guang)、高元(yuan)荡、苏(su)法鼎、管崇(chong)嗣为(wei)属将,火拔(ba)归(gui)仁、李武(wu)定(ding)、浑萼(e)、契(qi)苾(bi)宁以(yi)本(ben)部隶麾下,凡(fan)河、陇(long)、朔方、奴刺等十二部兵二十万(wan)守(shou)潼关。师(shi)始东,先驱牙旗(qi)触门(men),堕注旄,干折(zhe),众恶之。天(tian)子(zi)御勤政(zheng)楼(lou)临送(song),诏(zhao)翰以(yi)军(jun)行,过门(men)毋下,百官郊(jiao)饯,旌旗(qi)亘二百里。翰惶恐,数以(yi)疾(ji)自(zi)言,帝不(bu)听。然病痼(gu)不(bu)能事,以(yi)军(jun)政(zheng)委良丘(qiu),使王思礼主骑,李承光(guang)(guang)主步。三人争长,政(zheng)令(ling)无所统一,众携弛,无斗意。明年,进拜尚书左仆射、同中(zhong)书门(men)下平章事。禄山(shan)(shan)遣子(zi)庆绪攻关,翰击走之。

始,安思顺度禄(lu)山(shan)必反(fan),尝(chang)为(wei)帝言(yan),得不(bu)坐。翰(han)既恶(e)禄(lu)山(shan),又怨思顺。及(ji)是(shi),知(zhi)重(zhong)兵在(zai)己,有(you)所论请,天(tian)子重(zhong)违,因伪为(wei)贼(zei)(zei)(zei)书遗思顺者(zhe),使关逻(luo)禽以(yi)献。翰(han)因疏(shu)七罪,请诛之。有(you)诏思顺及(ji)弟元(yuan)贞皆赐死,徙(xi)放其家。国(guo)忠(zhong)始惧。或(huo)说翰(han)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“禄(lu)山(shan)本(ben)以(yi)诛国(guo)忠(zhong)故(gu)称(cheng)兵,今若留卒三(san)万(wan)守(shou)关,悉精锐度浐水诛君(jun)侧,此汉挫七国(guo)计(ji)也。”思礼亦劝翰(han)。翰(han)犹豫未发(fa),谋(mou)(mou)颇露(lu)。国(guo)忠(zhong)大(da)(da)骇,入(ru)见帝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“兵法,安不(bu)忘危。大(da)(da)兵在(zai)潼关而(er)无(wu)(wu)后殿,万(wan)有(you)一不(bu)利(li),京师危矣。”即(ji)募(mu)牧儿三(san)千(qian)人(ren),日夜(ye)训练,以(yi)剑(jian)南列将分统之。又募(mu)万(wan)人(ren)屯灞上(shang),使腹心杜乾(qian)运为(wei)帅。翰(han)疑图己,表请乾(qian)运兵隶节(jie)下,因诡召乾(qian)运计(ji)事(shi)者(zhe),至军,即(ji)斩首枭牙门,并其军。国(guo)忠(zhong)愈(yu)恐,谓(wei)其子曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾无(wu)(wu)死所矣!”然翰(han)亦不(bu)自安,又谋(mou)(mou)久不(bu)决(jue)。数奏言(yan):“禄(lu)山(shan)虽窃据河朔,不(bu)得人(ren)心,请持重(zhong)以(yi)敝之,待其离隙(xi),可(ke)不(bu)血刃而(er)禽。”贼(zei)(zei)(zei)将崔(cui)乾(qian)祐守(shou)陕(shan)郡,仆旗鼓,羸(lei)师以(yi)诱(you)战。觇者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“贼(zei)(zei)(zei)无(wu)(wu)备,可(ke)图也。”帝信之,诏翰(han)进讨。翰(han)报曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue):“禄(lu)山(shan)习用兵,今始为(wei)逆,不(bu)能无(wu)(wu)备,是(shi)阴(yin)计(ji)诱(you)我。贼(zei)(zei)(zei)远来,利(li)在(zai)速(su)战。王师坚守(shou),毋(wu)轻出(chu)关,计(ji)之上(shang)也。且(qie)四方兵未集,宜观事(shi)势,不(bu)必速(su)。”

当是时,禄山(shan)虽(sui)盗河、洛(luo),所过(guo)残杀,人(ren)人(ren)怨之(zhi)(zhi),淹时月不(bu)(bu)能进(jin)尺寸地。又(you)郭(guo)子(zi)仪、李光弼(bi)(bi)兵益进(jin),取常山(shan)十(shi)(shi)(shi)数(shu)郡。禄山(shan)始悔(hui)反(fan)矣(yi),将还幽州以(yi)(yi)自固。而(er)(er)国忠计迫,谬(miu)说帝(di)趣翰(han)(han)(han)(han)出(chu)潼关(guan)复陕、洛(luo)。时子(zi)仪、光弼(bi)(bi)遥计曰(yue):“翰(han)(han)(han)(han)病且耄,贼(zei)(zei)素(su)知之(zhi)(zhi),诸军(jun)乌合不(bu)(bu)足战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。今贼(zei)(zei)悉锐兵南破宛、洛(luo),而(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)余众守幽州,吾直捣之(zhi)(zhi),覆(fu)其(qi)(qi)巢窟,质叛族(zu)以(yi)(yi)招逆徒,禄山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)首可致(zhi)。若师出(chu)潼关(guan),变生京师,天下怠矣(yi)。”乃极言请翰(han)(han)(han)(han)固关(guan)无出(chu)军(jun)。而(er)(er)帝(di)入国忠之(zhi)(zhi)言,使(shi)使(shi)者趣战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),项背相望也。翰(han)(han)(han)(han)窘不(bu)(bu)知所出(chu)。六(liu)月,引而(er)(er)东,恸哭出(chu)关(guan),次灵(ling)宝西原(yuan),与(yu)乾祐(you)战(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。由关(guan)门七十(shi)(shi)(shi)里,道(dao)(dao)险隘,其(qi)(qi)南薄山(shan),北(bei)阻河,贼(zei)(zei)以(yi)(yi)数(shu)千人(ren)先伏险。翰(han)(han)(han)(han)浮(fu)舟中流以(yi)(yi)观(guan)军(jun),谓乾祐(you)兵寡,易之(zhi)(zhi),促士卒进(jin),道(dao)(dao)岨(qu)无行列。贼(zei)(zei)乘(cheng)高(gao)颓石下击,杀士甚众。翰(han)(han)(han)(han)与(yu)良丘登北(bei)阜,以(yi)(yi)军(jun)三万(wan)夹河鸣鼓(gu),思礼等以(yi)(yi)精卒居前(qian),余军(jun)十(shi)(shi)(shi)万(wan)次之(zhi)(zhi)。乾祐(you)为阵(zhen),十(shi)(shi)(shi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五五,或(huo)却(que)或(huo)进(jin),而(er)(er)陌(mo)刀五千列阵(zhen)后。王师视(shi)其(qi)(qi)阵(zhen)无法(fa),指观(guan)嗤(chi)笑,曰(yue):“禽贼(zei)(zei)乃会食。”

及战(zhan),乾祐旗少偃,如欲遁者(zhe),王师懈,不(bu)为(wei)备。伏(fu)忽(hu)起薄战(zhan),皆奋死斗(dou)。翰(han)以(yi)氈(zhan)蒙马(ma)车,画龙(long)虎,饰(shi)金银爪目,将骇贼(zei),掎(ji)戈矢逐北。贼(zei)负薪塞(sai)路,顺风火其车,熛焱炽突(tu),腾烟如夜,士(shi)不(bu)复(fu)相辨,自相斗(dou)杀,尸血狼籍(ji),久乃悟。又弃甲奔(ben)(ben)山谷及陷(xian)河(he)死者(zhe)十一二。有粮艘百(bai)余,军争济,艘辄沉,至(zhi)缚矛盾乘以(yi)度,喧叫振天地。贼(zei)乘之(zhi)(zhi),奔(ben)(ben)溃略尽。始(shi),斗(dou)门有三堑(qian),广二丈,深(shen)一丈,士(shi)马(ma)奔(ben)(ben)籥相压迮,少选(xuan)堑(qian)平,后至(zhi)者(zhe)践之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)入。

既败,翰(han)(han)(han)引(yin)数百骑绝河还营,羸兵裁(cai)八千,至潼津,收(shou)散卒复守关。乾祐进攻,于是(shi)火拔归(gui)(gui)仁等绐(dai)翰(han)(han)(han)出关,翰(han)(han)(han)曰:“何邪(xie)?”曰:“公(gong)(gong)以(yi)二十万众,一(yi)日覆没(mei),持是(shi)安归(gui)(gui)?公(gong)(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)见(jian)高(gao)仙(xian)芝(zhi)等事乎(hu)?”翰(han)(han)(han)曰:“吾(wu)宁效仙(xian)芝(zhi)死(si),汝舍我(wo)。”归(gui)(gui)仁不(bu)(bu)(bu)从,执以(yi)降贼,械送(song)洛阳,京师震动(dong),由是(shi)天子西幸。禄山(shan)见(jian)翰(han)(han)(han)责曰:“汝常易我(wo),今何如?”翰(han)(han)(han)俯(fu)伏谢罪曰:“陛(bi)下拨乱主。今天下未平(ping)(ping)(ping),李光(guang)弼在(zai)(zai)土门(men),来瑱(tian)在(zai)(zai)河南(nan),鲁炅在(zai)(zai)南(nan)阳,臣(chen)为陛(bi)下以(yi)尺书招之(zhi),三面可平(ping)(ping)(ping)。”禄山(shan)悦,即署(shu)司空、同(tong)中书门(men)下平(ping)(ping)(ping)章事。执火拔归(gui)(gui)仁,曰:“背主忘义,吾(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)尔容(rong)。”斩之(zhi)。翰(han)(han)(han)以(yi)书招诸(zhu)将(jiang),诸(zhu)将(jiang)皆让(rang)翰(han)(han)(han)不(bu)(bu)(bu)死(si)节。禄山(shan)知事不(bu)(bu)(bu)可就,囚(qiu)之(zhi)。东京平(ping)(ping)(ping),安庆绪以(yi)翰(han)(han)(han)度河。及败,乃杀之(zhi)。

翰为人严,少恩。军行未(wei)尝恤(xu)士(shi)饥寒(han),有啗民椹者(zhe),痛笞辱之。监(jian)军李大(da)宜在军中,不治事,与将士(shi)樗蒱、饮酒、弹箜(kong)篌琵琶(pa)为乐,而士(shi)米籺不餍。帝(di)令中人袁思艺劳师,士(shi)皆诉(su)衣服(fu)穿空,帝(di)即(ji)斥(chi)御服(fu)余者(zhe),制袍十万以(yi)赐其(qi)军,翰藏库中,及败(bai),封(feng)鐍如故。

先是,有客梁慎初(chu)遗翰(han)(han)书,请壁勿战以屈贼(zei),翰(han)(han)善之(zhi),奏为左武卫胄曹参军,留幕(mu)府。及翰(han)(han)与国(guo)忠贰(er),慎初(chu)曰:“难将(jiang)作矣(yi)。”乃遁去。翰(han)(han)失守,华阴、冯翊、上洛郡官吏(li)皆(jie)溃。帝遣(qian)剑南(nan)将(jiang)刘光庭(ting)等(deng)将(jiang)新募兵万余人往助(zhu)翰(han)(han),未至而翰(han)(han)被缚云。其后(hou)赠(zeng)太尉(wei),谥曰武愍(min)。

子(zi)曜(yao)(yao),字(zi)子(zi)明。八岁,玄宗召(zhao)见(jian)华(hua)(hua)清(qing)宫(gong),擢尚(shang)辇奉(feng)御(yu)。累迁光(guang)禄卿(qing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)翰陷(xian)贼(zei),哀(ai)愤号恸,故吏裴冕、杜鸿(hong)渐(jian)等见(jian)之(zhi)叹息。李(li)光(guang)弼(bi)讨(tao)(tao)河北,曜(yao)(yao)请行(xing),拜鸿(hong)胪卿(qing),为光(guang)弼(bi)副。降安太清(qing)、救(jiu)宋州(zhou)有(you)功(gong),改殿(dian)中(zhong)监,袭封,为东(dong)都(dou)(dou)镇守(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)马使(shi)。德宗立,召(zhao)为左龙武(wu)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)。李(li)希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)陷(xian)汝(ru)州(zhou),以(yi)(yi)(yi)周晃为伪刺(ci)史。诏(zhao)(zhao)拜曜(yao)(yao)东(dong)都(dou)(dou)、汝(ru)州(zhou)行(xing)营节(jie)度(du)使(shi),将(jiang)凤(feng)翔、邠(bin)宁、泾原、奉(feng)天、好畦(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)万人(ren)(ren)讨(tao)(tao)希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)。帝(di)(di)召(zhao)见(jian),问(wen)曰:“卿(qing)治兵(bing)(bing)(bing)孰与父(fu)贤?”对曰:“先臣(chen),安敢比。但斩长(zhang)蛇,殪(yi)封豕,然后待罪私室,臣(chen)之(zhi)愿(yuan)也。”帝(di)(di)曰:“尔父(fu)在开元(yuan)(yuan)时,朝廷无(wu)西忧(you);今朕(zhen)得卿(qing),亦不东(dong)虑。”及行(xing),帝(di)(di)祖(zu)通化门。是(shi)日,牙干折。时以(yi)(yi)(yi)翰出师已如此,而(er)斩持(chi)旗者,卒以(yi)(yi)(yi)败,今曜(yao)(yao)复尔,人(ren)(ren)忧(you)之(zhi)。曜(yao)(yao)击贼(zei),收汝(ru)州(zhou),禽晃以(yi)(yi)(yi)献,斩其将(jiang)二人(ren)(ren)。希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)退保许(xu)州(zhou)。诏(zhao)(zhao)城(cheng)襄城(cheng),曜(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)疲(pi)人(ren)(ren)版筑不如按甲持(chi)重以(yi)(yi)(yi)挫之(zhi),帝(di)(di)不许(xu)。有(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)督战(zhan)。曜(yao)(yao)进(jin)次颍(ying)桥(qiao),雷震军(jun)(jun)中(zhong)七马毙,曜(yao)(yao)惧,还屯(tun)襄城(cheng)。希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)遣(qian)众万人(ren)(ren)纵火攻栅,殪(yi)人(ren)(ren)于堑(qian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)薄垒(lei),曜(yao)(yao)苦战(zhan)破之(zhi)。居数月,希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)自(zi)率(lv)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)三万围曜(yao)(yao),筑甬(yong)道属城(cheng),矢(shi)集如雨。帝(di)(di)遣(qian)神(shen)策将(jiang)刘德信(xin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)三千(qian)援之(zhi),又诏(zhao)(zhao)河南都(dou)(dou)统李(li)勉(mian)出兵(bing)(bing)(bing)相(xiang)掎角。勉(mian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)“希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)在外,许(xu)守(shou)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)少,乘虚袭之(zhi),希烈(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)自(zi)解”,乃(nai)遣(qian)部将(jiang)与德信(xin)趋许(xu),未至(zhi),有(you)诏(zhao)(zhao)切让,使(shi)班师。德信(xin)等惶惑还,军(jun)(jun)无(wu)斥候,至(zhi)扈涧,为贼(zei)设伏诡击,死(si)者殆(dai)半,器械辎重皆(jie)亡。德信(xin)走(zou)汝(ru)州(zhou)。勉(mian)恐东(dong)都(dou)(dou)危,使(shi)将(jiang)李(li)坚华(hua)(hua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)四千(qian)往守(shou),贼(zei)梗道,不得入。汴兵(bing)(bing)(bing)沮,襄城(cheng)围益急。帝(di)(di)乃(nai)诏(zhao)(zhao)普王(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)荆、襄、江西、鄂(e)、沔之(zhi)师讨(tao)(tao)蔡州(zhou),诏(zhao)(zhao)泾原节(jie)度(du)使(shi)姚令言救(jiu)襄城(cheng)。未行(xing),京师乱,帝(di)(di)幸奉(feng)天。襄城(cheng)陷(xian),曜(yao)(yao)走(zou)洛阳。会母丧,夺为东(dong)都(dou)(dou)畿(ji)、汝(ru)节(jie)度(du)使(shi)。迁河南尹。曜(yao)(yao)拙于统御(yu),而(er)锐杀(sha)戮,士畏而(er)不怀。贞元(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)年,部将(jiang)叛,夜(ye)焚河南门,曜(yao)(yao)挺身免(mian)。帝(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)(yi)汴州(zhou)刺(ci)史薛(xue)珏代之(zhi),召(zhao)入为鸿(hong)胪卿(qing)。终(zhong)右骁卫上(shang)将(jiang)军(jun)(jun),赠(zeng)幽州(zhou)大(da)都(dou)(dou)督。子(zi)七人(ren)(ren),俱以(yi)(yi)(yi)儒闻。峘,茂才高第,有(you)节(jie)概(gai)。崿、嵫、屺皆(jie)明经擢第。

高仙(xian)(xian)芝,高丽人(ren)。父舍鸡,初以将(jiang)军(jun)隶(li)河(he)西(xi)军(jun),为四镇(zhen)校将(jiang)。仙(xian)(xian)芝年二十馀,从至安(an)西(xi),以父功(gong)补游击(ji)将(jiang)军(jun)。数年,父子并班。仙(xian)(xian)芝美姿质,善骑(qi)射,父犹以其儒缓忧之。初事(shi)节(jie)度使田(tian)仁琬(wan)、盖嘉运等,不(bu)甚知名。后事(shi)夫蒙灵察,乃善遇之。开元末(mo),表为安(an)西(xi)副都(dou)护、四镇(zhen)都(dou)知兵马使。

小(xiao)勃(bo)(bo)律(lv),其(qi)王为吐蕃所(suo)(suo)诱,妻以(yi)女,故(gu)西北二(er)(er)十馀国皆(jie)羁属(shu)吐蕃。自(zi)仁琬以(yi)来(lai)三(san)(san)讨之(zhi),皆(jie)无(wu)功(gong)。天宝六载,诏仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)以(yi)步(bu)骑一(yi)万出讨。是时步(bu)兵皆(jie)有(you)私马自(zi)随,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)乃(nai)自(zi)安(an)西过(guo)拨(bo)换城(cheng)(cheng),入(ru)(ru)握(wo)瑟德,经疏(shu)勒(le),登(deng)葱(cong)岭(ling)(ling),涉播(bo)密川(chuan)(chuan),遂(sui)顿特勒(le)满(man)(man)川(chuan)(chuan),行凡百日。特勒(le)满(man)(man)川(chuan)(chuan),即(ji)(ji)五识匿国也(ye)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)乃(nai)分(fen)军(jun)为三(san)(san),使疏(shu)勒(le)赵崇(chong)玼自(zi)北谷道(dao)(dao)、拨(bo)换贾(jia)崇(chong)瓘(guan)祐自(zi)赤佛道(dao)(dao)、仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)与(yu)监军(jun)边(bian)令(ling)诚(cheng)自(zi)护蜜俱(ju)入(ru)(ru),约会连云堡(bao)。堡(bao)有(you)兵千(qian)(qian)馀。城(cheng)(cheng)南因山为栅,兵九千(qian)(qian)守之(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)下据婆(po)勒(le)川(chuan)(chuan)。会川(chuan)(chuan)涨(zhang),不(bu)(bu)得度(du),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)杀牲祭川(chuan)(chuan),命士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)赍三(san)(san)日备集水(shui)涯,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)甚信。既(ji)涉,旗不(bu)(bu)沾,鞯不(bu)(bu)濡(ru)。兵已成列(lie),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)喜(xi),告令(ling)诚(cheng)曰:“向吾方涉,贼(zei)击我,我无(wu)类矣。今既(ji)济而阵,天以(yi)贼(zei)赐我也(ye)。”遂(sui)登(deng)山挑(tiao)战,日未中,破之(zhi)。拔其(qi)城(cheng)(cheng),斩五千(qian)(qian)级,生禽(qin)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren),马千(qian)(qian)馀匹,衣资器甲数万计。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)欲遂(sui)深入(ru)(ru),令(ling)诚(cheng)惧,不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)行。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)留羸弱三(san)(san)千(qian)(qian)使守,遂(sui)引师(shi)行。三(san)(san)日,过(guo)坦(tan)驹(ju)岭(ling)(ling),岭(ling)(ling)峻绝,下四十里。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)恐士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惮险不(bu)(bu)敢进,乃(nai)潜(qian)遣(qian)二(er)(er)十骑,衣阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)(yue)胡(hu)服来(lai)迎(ying),先(xian)(xian)语部校曰:“阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)(yue)胡(hu)来(lai)迎(ying),我无(wu)虑(lv)矣。”既(ji)至(zhi)(zhi),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)肯(ken)下,曰:“公驱我何去(qu)?”会二(er)(er)十人(ren)(ren)(ren)至(zhi)(zhi),曰:“阿(a)努越(yue)(yue)胡(hu)来(lai)迎(ying),已数娑(suo)夷(yi)桥矣。”仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)即(ji)(ji)阳(yang)喜(xi),令(ling)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尽下。娑(suo)夷(yi)河,弱水(shui)也(ye)。既(ji)行三(san)(san)日,越(yue)(yue)胡(hu)来(lai)迎(ying)。明日,至(zhi)(zhi)阿(a)弩(nu)越(yue)(yue)城(cheng)(cheng)。遣(qian)将军(jun)席元庆(qing)以(yi)精骑一(yi)千(qian)(qian)先(xian)(xian)往,谓(wei)小(xiao)勃(bo)(bo)律(lv)王曰:“不(bu)(bu)窥若(ruo)城(cheng)(cheng),吾假(jia)道(dao)(dao)趋大(da)勃(bo)(bo)律(lv)耳。”城(cheng)(cheng)中大(da)酋领皆(jie)吐蕃腹心,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)密令(ling)元庆(qing)曰:“若(ruo)酋领逃者,弟出诏书(shu)呼之(zhi),赐以(yi)缯彩,至(zhi)(zhi),皆(jie)缚以(yi)待我。。”元庆(qing)如言。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi),悉斩之(zhi)。王及妻逃山穴,不(bu)(bu)可得,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)招喻,乃(nai)出降,因平其(qi)国。急遣(qian)元庆(qing)断娑(suo)夷(yi)桥,其(qi)暮,吐蕃至(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)克(ke)度(du)。桥长度(du)一(yi)箭(jian)所(suo)(suo)及者,功(gong)一(yi)岁(sui)乃(nai)成。八(ba)月(yue),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)以(yi)小(xiao)勃(bo)(bo)律(lv)王及妻自(zi)赤佛道(dao)(dao)还连云堡(bao),与(yu)令(ling)诚(cheng)俱(ju)班师(shi)。于是拂菻、大(da)食(shi)诸胡(hu)七十二(er)(er)国皆(jie)震(zhen)慑降附。

仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)遣判(pan)官王(wang)庭(ting)芬(fen)奏捷京师。军至河西,灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)怒,不迎(ying)劳。既见,骂曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“高丽奴(nu),于阗使尔(er)(er)何(he)从得之(zhi)(zhi)?”仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)惧(ju),且(qie)谢曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“中丞力也。”又曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“焉(yan)耆(qi)镇守使、安西副都(dou)护、都(dou)知兵马使,皆何(he)从得之(zhi)(zhi)?”答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“亦中丞力也。”灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“审若此,捷书不待(dai)我(wo)而敢即奏,何(he)邪(xie)?奴(nu)当斩(zhan),顾新立功,故贷尔(er)(er)。”仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)不知所为(wei)。令(ling)诚(cheng)密言(yan)状(zhuang)于朝(chao),且(qie)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)立功而以忧(you)死,后孰为(wei)朝(chao)廷用者?”帝乃擢仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)鸿胪卿、假御史中丞,代灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)为(wei)四镇节(jie)度(du)使,而诏(zhao)灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)还,灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)惧(ju)。仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)朝(chao)夕见,辄趋(qu)走,灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)益惭。副都(dou)护程(cheng)千里(li)、衙将(jiang)毕思琛、行官王(wang)滔康怀顺陈(chen)奉忠(zhong)等皆尝谮仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)于灵(ling)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)者。既视事,呼千里(li)嫚骂曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“公面(mian)虽男儿,而心似妇女,何(he)邪(xie)?”谓琛曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“尔(er)(er)夺吾城东千石种田,忆之(zhi)(zhi)乎?”对曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“公见赐者。”仙(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“尔(er)(er)时吾畏汝(ru)(ru)威,岂怜(lian)汝(ru)(ru)而赐邪(xie)?”又召(zhao)滔,欲捽辱。良久,皆释,曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“吾不恨矣(yi)。”由是举军安之(zhi)(zhi)。俄加(jia)左金吾卫大将(jiang)军,与一子五品官。

九载,讨石国,其(qi)王车鼻(bi)施约降,仙(xian)芝(zhi)为俘献阙下,斩之(zhi),由(you)是西(xi)域不服。其(qi)王子走大食,乞兵攻仙(xian)芝(zhi)于(yu)怛逻斯城,以(yi)直其(qi)冤。仙(xian)芝(zhi)为人贪,破石,获瑟瑟十馀斛、黄(huang)金五六橐驼、良马宝玉甚(shen)众,家(jia)赀累钜万(wan)。然(ran)亦不甚(shen)爱惜(xi),人有(you)求辄与,不问几何(he)。寻除武(wu)威(wei)太守,代安思(si)顺为河西(xi)节度使,群胡固留思(si)顺,更拜(bai)右羽林军大将(jiang)军,封密云郡(jun)公。禄(lu)山(shan)反,荣(rong)王为元(yuan)帅,仙(xian)芝(zhi)副之(zhi),领飞骑、彍骑及朔方等兵,出(chu)禁财(cai)募(mu)关辅(fu)士(shi)(shi)五万(wan),继封常清东讨。帝(di)御勤政楼,引(yin)荣(rong)王受命,宴仙(xian)芝(zhi)以(yi)下。帝(di)又幸望(wang)春亭劳遣,诏监门将(jiang)军边(bian)令诚监军。次陕郡(jun),而常清败(bai)还。仙(xian)芝(zhi)急,乃开太原仓,悉以(yi)所有(you)赐士(shi)(shi)卒(zu),焚(fen)其(qi)馀,引(yin)兵趋潼关。会贼(zei)至(zhi),甲仗资粮委于(yu)道,弥数(shu)百里。既至(zhi)关,勒(le)兵缮守具,士(shi)(shi)气稍(shao)稍(shao)复振。贼(zei)攻关不得入,乃引(yin)还。

初(chu),令(ling)(ling)(ling)诚(cheng)数(shu)私于(yu)(yu)仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi),仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)应(ying),因言其(qi)逗挠状以激帝(di)(di),且云:“常清(qing)以贼摇众,而仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)弃陕地数(shu)百里,朘(juan)盗(dao)禀赐。”帝(di)(di)大(da)怒,使令(ling)(ling)(ling)诚(cheng)即军(jun)中(zhong)斩之。令(ling)(ling)(ling)诚(cheng)已斩常清(qing),陈尸(shi)于(yu)(yu)蘧祼。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)自外至,令(ling)(ling)(ling)诚(cheng)以陌刀百人自从,曰:’大(da)夫亦有命。”仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)遽下(xia),曰:“我退,罪也(ye),死(si)(si)不(bu)敢辞。然以我为盗(dao)颉资粮,诬(wu)也(ye)。”谓令(ling)(ling)(ling)诚(cheng)曰:“上天下(xia)地,三军(jun)皆在,君岂(qi)不(bu)知?”又顾(gu)麾下(xia)曰:“我募(mu)若辈,本欲破(po)贼取重(zhong)赏,而贼势方锐,故迁(qian)延至此,亦以固(gu)关也(ye)。我有罪,若辈可言;不(bu)尔,当呼枉(wang)。”军(jun)中(zhong)咸呼曰:“枉(wang)!”其(qi)声殷(yin)地。仙(xian)芝(zhi)(zhi)视常清(qing)尸(shi)曰:“公,我所引拔,又代(dai)吾为节度,今与公同死(si)(si),岂(qi)命欤!”遂就死(si)(si)。

封(feng)常清,蒲州(zhou)猗氏人。外祖教之读书,多所该究。然孤贫,年过(guo)三十,未(wei)有名。夫蒙灵察为(wei)四镇节度使,以高仙芝(zhi)为(wei)都知兵(bing)马使。尝出(chu)军,奏傔从(cong)三十馀人,衣褷鲜明,常清慨然投牒请豫。常清素瘠,又脚跛,仙芝(zhi)陋其貌,不纳(na)。明日(ri)(ri)复至,仙芝(zhi)谢曰:“傔已(yi)足,何庸复来(lai)?”常清怒曰:“我慕(mu)公(gong)义,愿事鞭靮(di),故(gu)无媒自(zi)前,公(gong)何见拒深乎?以貌取士,恐失之子(zi)羽。公(gong)其念之。”仙芝(zhi)犹未(wei)纳(na),乃日(ri)(ri)候门(men)下,仙芝(zhi)不得已(yi),窜(cuan)名傔中。

会达奚诸部叛,自黑(hei)山西趣碎(sui)叶,有(you)诏(zhao)邀(yao)击。灵(ling)察使(shi)(shi)(shi)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)以(yi)(yi)二千骑追(zhui)蹑。达奚行远,人马疲,禽(qin)馘略尽。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)于(yu)幕下潜作(zuo)捷布,具记井泉(quan)次(ci)舍、克贼形势谋略,条最明(ming)审。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)取读之,皆(jie)意所欲出(chu),乃(nai)大骇,即用之。军(jun)还,灵(ling)察迎劳,仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)已去奴袜带刀,而判官(guan)(guan)刘眺(tiao)、独孤峻争问(wen):“向(xiang)捷布谁(shei)作(zuo)者?公(gong)幕下安(an)(an)得(de)此人?”答曰:“吾傔封(feng)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)也(ye)。”眺(tiao)等惊(jing),进揖常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)坐,与语,异之,遂知名。以(yi)(yi)功授叠(die)州戍主(zhu),仍为(wei)(wei)判官(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)破小勃律,代灵(ling)察为(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)西节(jie)(jie)度使(shi)(shi)(shi),常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)以(yi)(yi)从战有(you)劳,擢(zhuo)庆王府录(lu)事参(can)军(jun)事,为(wei)(wei)节(jie)(jie)度判官(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)征讨(tao),常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)知后务。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)才(cai)而果,胸(xiong)无疑事。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)委家事于(yu)郎(lang)将郑德(de)诠(quan),其乳母子也(ye),威动军(jun)中。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)尝自外(wai)还,诸将前谒(ye)。德(de)诠(quan)见常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)始贵,易之,走马突(tu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)驺士去。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)命(ming)左右引德(de)诠(quan)至(zhi)廷中,门辄(zhe)闭,因离席曰:“吾起细微,中丞(cheng)公(gong)过听,以(yi)(yi)主(zhu)留事,郎(lang)将安(an)(an)得(de)无礼?”因叱曰:“须暂(zan)假郎(lang)将死,以(yi)(yi)肃吾军(jun)。”因杖死,以(yi)(yi)面仆地(di)曳(ye)出(chu)之。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)妻(qi)及(ji)乳母哭门外(wai)救请(qing),不(bu)能得(de),遽(ju)以(yi)(yi)状白仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi),仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)惊(jing),及(ji)见常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing),惮其公(gong),不(bu)敢(gan)让。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)亦不(bu)谢。会大将有(you)罪,又杀二人,军(jun)中莫不(bu)股栗。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)芝(zhi)节(jie)(jie)度河西,复请(qing)为(wei)(wei)判官(guan)(guan)。久(jiu)之,擢(zhuo)安(an)(an)西副大都护(hu)、安(an)(an)西四(si)镇节(jie)(jie)度副大使(shi)(shi)(shi),知节(jie)(jie)度事。未几,改北庭都护(hu),持节(jie)(jie)伊西节(jie)(jie)度使(shi)(shi)(shi)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)清(qing)性勤俭,耐劳苦,出(chu)军(jun)乘骡(luo),私厩裁二马,赏罚分(fen)明(ming)。

天宝末(mo)入朝,而安(an)禄(lu)(lu)山反,帝(di)引见(jian),问何策(ce)以讨(tao)贼(zei)。常清(qing)(qing)见(jian)帝(di)忧,因大(da)言曰(yue):“天下太平(ping)久,人不(bu)知战。然事有逆顺,势有奇(qi)变,臣请驰(chi)至(zhi)东(dong)(dong)京,悉府库募骁勇,挑马箠度(du)河,计(ji)日(ri)取逆胡首(shou)以献阙(que)下。”天子(zi)壮之。明日(ri),以常清(qing)(qing)为(wei)范阳节度(du)副大(da)使(shi),乘驿赴东(dong)(dong)京。常清(qing)(qing)募兵(bing)(bing)得六(liu)万人,然皆(jie)市井庸保(bao),乃(nai)部分旗帜,断河阳桥以守(shou)。贼(zei)移书(shu)平(ping)原,令(ling)太守(shou)颜真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing)以兵(bing)(bing)七千(qian)防河。真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing)驰(chi)使(shi)司兵(bing)(bing)参军事李平(ping)入奏(zou)。常清(qing)(qing)取平(ping)表(biao)发视,即倚帐作书(shu)遗(yi)真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing),劝(quan)坚守(shou),且传(chuan)购禄(lu)(lu)山檄数(shu)十(shi)函与(yu)之,真(zhen)(zhen)卿(qing)得,以分晓诸郡。禄(lu)(lu)山度(du)河,陷荥阳,入罂子(zi)谷,先(xian)驱至(zhi)葵园。常清(qing)(qing)使(shi)骁骑拒之,杀拓羯数(shu)十(shi)百(bai)人。贼(zei)大(da)军至(zhi),常清(qing)(qing)不(bu)能御,退入上东(dong)(dong)门(men)(men),战不(bu)利。贼(zei)鼓而进,劫官吏。再(zai)战于都(dou)亭驿,又不(bu)胜,引兵(bing)(bing)守(shou)宣(xuan)仁门(men)(men),复败。乃(nai)自提(ti)象门(men)(men)出,伐大(da)木塞道以殿,至(zhi)谷水,西奔(ben)陕。语高仙芝曰(yue):“贼(zei)锐甚,难与(yu)争(zheng)锋。潼关(guan)无兵(bing)(bing),一夫奔(ben)突则京师(shi)危,不(bu)如(ru)急守(shou)潼关(guan)。”仙芝从之。

败书闻,帝(di)削(xue)常清(qing)官,使(shi)(shi)白衣隶(li)仙(xian)芝军效力。仙(xian)芝使(shi)(shi)衣黑衣监左右部军。及边令诚以诏(zhao)书至,示(shi)之,常清(qing)曰:“吾所(suo)以不死(si)者,恐污(wu)国家(jia)节,受戮贼手。今死(si)乃甘心。”

始,常(chang)清败(bai),径入(ru)关,欲见(jian)上(shang)陈讨贼(zei)事。至渭南(nan),有诏(zhao)赴潼关。常(chang)清忧惧,为表以谢,且(qie)言:“自(zi)东京陷,三遣使(shi)表论(lun)成败(bai),不得对。”又言:“臣死(si)后,望陛下无轻此贼(zei),则社稷安。”至是临(lin)刑,以表授(shou)令(ling)诚而死(si)。人多哀之。

赞曰:禄山(shan)裒百斗骁虏,乘(cheng)天下忘战(zhan),主德(de)耄勤,故(gu)提戈内噪,人情崩溃(kui)。常清乃(nai)驱市人数万(wan)以(yi)(yi)婴贼锋,一战(zhan)不胜,即夺爵土。欲入关(guan)见天子(zi)论成(cheng)败事,使者三辈(bei)上书,皆不报,回斩于军。仙芝弃陕守关(guan),遏贼西(xi)势,以(yi)(yi)丧地被诛。玄宗虽为左右蒙瞽,然荒夺其明亦甚矣。卒使叛将得(de)借口,执翰以(yi)(yi)降贼。呜呼(hu),非天熟其恶,使乱(luan)四海,举黔首而残之邪!彼(bi)二将奚诛焉?

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