列传(chuan)第(di)四十七 魏韦郭(guo)
魏元忠,宋州宋城人。为太学生,跌荡少检,久不调,盩厔人江融晓兵术,元忠从之游,尽传所学。仪凤中,吐蕃数盗边,元忠上封事洛阳宫,言命将用兵之要曰:
天下之(zhi)柄有(you)二,文(wen)武而已,至制胜御人,其道一也。今(jin)言武者先骑(qi)射,不(bu)稽(ji)之(zhi)权略(lve);言文(wen)者首篇章,不(bu)取之(zhi)经纶。臣观魏、晋、齐、梁才固不(bu)乏,然何益治乱哉!养由基射能(neng)穿札,不(bu)止鄢陵之(zhi)奔(ben),陆机(ji)识能(neng)辨亡(wang),无(wu)救河桥之(zhi)败,断(duan)可见已。
夫(fu)才(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)於世,世实(shi)须才(cai)(cai)(cai)。何世而不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)才(cai)(cai)(cai)?何才(cai)(cai)(cai)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)资世?故物有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)求,未(wei)有(you)无(wu)(wu)物之(zhi)岁;士有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用,未(wei)有(you)无(wu)(wu)士之(zhi)时也。志(zhi)士在(zai)富贵(gui)与(yu)贱(jian)贫,皆思立功(gong)名以(yi)传于后(hou),然知(zhi)己难而所(suo)遇罕。士之(zhi)怀琬琰就煨尘、抱(bao)栋干困沟壑(he)者(zhe),悠(you)(you)悠(you)(you)之(zhi)人直睹(du)此士之(zhi)贫贱(jian),安知(zhi)其(qi)方(fang)略哉!故汉(han)拜韩信,举军惊(jing)笑;蜀用魏延,群臣觖望。此富贵(gui)者(zhe)易为善,贫贱(jian)者(zhe)难为功(gong)也。昔汉(han)文帝不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)魏尚贤而囚之(zhi),知(zhi)李广(guang)(guang)才(cai)(cai)(cai)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)用,乃叹(tan)其(qi)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)逢(feng)时。夫(fu)以(yi)广(guang)(guang)之(zhi)才(cai)(cai)(cai),天下无(wu)(wu)双(shuang),时方(fang)岁事匈奴,而卒(zu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)任。故近(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)尚、广(guang)(guang)之(zhi)贤,而远(yuan)想(xiang)廉颇、李牧,冯唐是以(yi)知(zhi)其(qi)有(you)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)能用也。此身(shen)为时主所(suo)知(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)尽其(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)也。晋羊祜谋(mou)举吴,贾充(chong)、荀勖(xu)沮之(zhi),祜叹(tan)曰:“天下事不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)意十常七八。”以(yi)二人不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),终不(bu)(bu)(bu)大举。此据立功(gong)之(zhi)地,而不(bu)(bu)(bu)获展(zhan)其(qi)志(zhi)也。布(bu)衣之(zhi)人,怀奇抱(bao)策(ce),而望朝奏夕召,岂(qi)易得(de)哉?臣愿历访文武(wu)五品(pin)以(yi)上,得(de)无(wu)(wu)有(you)智(zhi)如(ru)羊祜、武(wu)如(ru)李广(guang)(guang)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)骋其(qi)才(cai)(cai)(cai)者(zhe)乎?使各(ge)言其(qi)志(zhi),毋令久失职。
又言:
人无常(chang)俗(su),政有治乱(luan);军无常(chang)胜,将(jiang)有能(neng)否(fou)。兵(bing)为王者(zhe)大(da)事,存亡系焉,将(jiang)非其(qi)(qi)任,则殄人败(bai)国(guo)。齐段(duan)孝玄有言(yan):“持大(da)兵(bing)如擎盘(pan)水,一致蹉跌,求(qiu)止可(ke)得(de)哉(zai)””周亚(ya)夫坚壁以(yi)挫(cuo)吴、楚,司马懿(yi)闭(bi)营(ying)而困(kun)诸葛亮,此(ci)皆全军制胜,不(bu)(bu)战而却敌。是知大(da)将(jiang)临(lin)戎(rong),以(yi)智(zhi)为本。今(jin)之用人,类将(jiang)家子(zi),或死事孤儿(er),进非干略,虽竭力(li)尽(jin)诚,不(bu)(bu)免(mian)於(wu)倾(qing)败(bai),若(ruo)之何用之?且建(jian)功者(zhe),言(yan)其(qi)(qi)所济,不(bu)(bu)言(yan)所来;言(yan)其(qi)(qi)所能(neng),不(bu)(bu)言(yan)所藉。若(ruo)陈汤、吕(lv)蒙(meng)、马隆、孟观悉出(chu)贫贱,而勋(xun)伐(fa)甚(shen)高,不(bu)(bu)闻其(qi)(qi)家世(shi)将(jiang)帅也。故(gu)阴阳不(bu)(bu)和,揠士为相;蛮貊不(bu)(bu)廷,擢校为将(jiang)。今(jin)以(yi)四海之广,亿(yi)兆(zhao)之众,岂无卓越之士?臣恐未之思乎(hu)!
又赏者(zhe)(zhe)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基,罚者(zhe)(zhe)刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。礼(li)(li)崇(chong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)谋夫(fu)竭其(qi)能(neng),赏厚(hou)(hou)则(ze)(ze)(ze)义士轻其(qi)死,刑正故君(jun)(jun)(jun)子勖(xu)其(qi)心,罚重则(ze)(ze)(ze)小人(ren)惩其(qi)过(guo)。赏罚者(zhe)(zhe)军(jun)国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纲纪(ji),政教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)药(yao)石。吐(tu)蕃(fan)本非(fei)强敌(di),而(er)薛仁贵(gui)、郭(guo)待(dai)封至弃甲丧(sang)师,脱身以(yi)免(mian)。国家宽(kuan)政,罪止(zhi)削除,网(wang)漏吞舟,何以(yi)过(guo)此(ci)。虽(sui)陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)顾(gu)收(shou)后效,然朝(chao)廷所少,岂(qi)(qi)此(ci)一二人(ren)乎(hu)?夫(fu)赏不(bu)(bu)劝,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)善,罚不(bu)(bu)惩,谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)纵(zong)恶。臣(chen)诚疏贱,干(gan)非(fei)其(qi)事(shi),岂(qi)(qi)欲间陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)君(jun)(jun)(jun)臣(chen)生(sheng)薄厚(hou)(hou)哉?正以(yi)刑赏一亏,百(bai)年不(bu)(bu)复。故国无赏罚,虽(sui)尧、舜不(bu)(bu)能(neng)为(wei)(wei)。今罚既(ji)不(bu)(bu)行,赏复难信,故议者(zhe)(zhe)皆谓比日征(zheng)行,虚(xu)(xu)立(li)赏格(ge),而(er)无其(qi)实(shi)。盖忘(wang)大(da)体之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣(chen)恐(kong)赉(lai)勋(xun)庸,竭府(fu)库,留意锥刀,以(yi)为(wei)(wei)益中(zhong)国,所谓惜毫(hao)厘失千里者(zhe)(zhe)也。且黔首(shou)虽(sui)微(wei),不(bu)(bu)可以(yi)欺,安有(you)(you)寓(yu)不(bu)(bu)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令(ling)(ling),设虚(xu)(xu)赏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)格(ge)乎(hu)?自苏(su)定方平(ping)辽东,李(li)勣破平(ping)壤,赏既(ji)不(bu)(bu)行,勋(xun)亦(yi)淹废,岁月(yue)(yue)纷淆,真伪(wei)相错。臣(chen)以(yi)吏不(bu)(bu)奉法,慢自京师,伪(wei)勋(xun)所由,主司过(guo)也,其(qi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)远(yuan)(yuan),近在尚书省中(zhong)。然未闻斩(zhan)一台郎、戮一令(ling)(ling)史(shi),使天(tian)下(xia)(xia)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)何照(zhao)(zhao)远(yuan)(yuan)而(er)不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)(zhao)近哉?神州(zhou)化首(shou),文昌政本,治乱攸在,臣(chen)故冒死而(er)言。夫(fu)明鉴所以(yi)照(zhao)(zhao)形,往事(shi)所以(yi)知今,臣(chen)请借近以(yi)为(wei)(wei)谕(yu):贞观中(zhong),万年尉司马玄景舞(wu)文饰智(zhi),以(yi)邀乾没,太(tai)宗弃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都市;后征(zheng)高丽,总管张君(jun)(jun)(jun)乂不(bu)(bu)进(jin)击(ji)贼,斩(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旗下(xia)(xia)。臣(chen)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)伪(wei)勋(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,多(duo)於(wu)玄景;仁贵(gui)等(deng)败,重於(wu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)乂。使早诛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则(ze)(ze)(ze)诸将岂(qi)(qi)复有(you)(you)负哉?慈父多(duo)败子,严家无格(ge)虏。且人(ren)主病不(bu)(bu)广(guang)大(da),人(ren)臣(chen)病不(bu)(bu)节俭,臣(chen)恐(kong)陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)不(bu)(bu)广(guang)大(da),过(guo)在於(wu)慈父,斯日月(yue)(yue)一蚀也。
又今将吏(li)贪暴,所务口马、财利(li),臣恐戎狄之(zhi)平,未可旦夕望(wang)(wang)也。凡人识不(bu)(bu)经远,皆(jie)言(yan)吐蕃(fan)战,前队尽,后队方(fang)进(jin),甲坚骑多,而山有氛(fen)瘴,官军远入,前无所获,不(bu)(bu)积谷数百万(wan),无大举之(zhi)资(zi)。臣以为(wei)吐蕃(fan)之(zhi)望(wang)(wang)中(zhong)国,犹(you)孤(gu)星(xing)之(zhi)对(dui)太阳,有自(zi)然之(zhi)大小(xiao)、不(bu)(bu)疑之(zhi)明暗,夷狄虽禽兽,亦知爱其性命,岂(qi)肯(ken)前尽死(si)而后进(jin)哉!由残迫其人,非下所愿也。必(bi)其战不(bu)(bu)顾死(si),则兵(bing)法许敌能斗,当以智算取之(zhi),何忧不(bu)(bu)克哉!向(xiang)使将能杀敌,横尸蔽野,敛(lian)其头颅以为(wei)京观,则此虏闻(wen)官军钟(zhong)鼓,望(wang)(wang)尘却走,何暇(xia)前队皆(jie)死(si)哉!自(zi)仁贵(gui)等覆(fu)师丧(sang)气,故虏得跳梁(liang)山谷。
又(you)师行必(bi)藉马(ma)(ma)(ma)力,不数十万(wan)(wan),不足与(yu)虏(lu)争。臣请天下自王公及齐人(ren)挂籍(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)口,人(ren)税百钱;又(you)弛(chi)天下马(ma)(ma)(ma)禁,使(shi)民得乘(cheng)大(da)(da)马(ma)(ma)(ma),不为数限,官籍(ji)其凡,勿使(shi)得隐(yin)。不三年,人(ren)间畜马(ma)(ma)(ma)可(ke)五十万(wan)(wan),即诏(zhao)州县以(yi)所税口钱市之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),若(ruo)王师大(da)(da)举,一朝可(ke)用。且虏(lu)以(yi)骑(qi)为强,若(ruo)一切(qie)使(shi)人(ren)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),则市取其良,以(yi)益中(zhong)国,使(shi)得渐耗(hao)虏(lu)兵(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng),国家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利也。
高宗善之,授秘书省正字,直中书省,仗内供奉。
迁监察御史。帝(di)尝从容曰(yue):“外以朕为何如主?”对曰(yue):“周成、康(kang),汉文、景也。”“然(ran)则有(you)(you)遗恨乎?”曰(yue):“有(you)(you)之。王义方一(yi)世豪英,而死草莱(lai)。议者谓陛下不能用贤。”帝(di)曰(yue):“我适用之,闻其死,顾(gu)已无(wu)及。”元忠曰(yue):“刘藏器行副於才,陛下所知,今七十为尚书郎。徒叹彼而又弃(qi)此。”帝(di)默然(ran)惭。
迁殿中(zhong)(zhong)侍御史。徐敬业举兵(bing)(bing),诏元忠(zhong)监李孝逸(yi)(yi)军(jun)。至临淮,而偏(pian)将雷(lei)仁智为贼(zei)败,孝逸(yi)(yi)惧其锋(feng),按兵(bing)(bing)未敢前。元忠(zhong)曰(yue):“公以宗室将,天下(xia)安危系焉。海内承平(ping)久,闻狂狡窃发,皆倾(qing)耳翘心以待(dai)其诛。今军(jun)不进(jin),使远近解(jie)情,万有一(yi)朝(chao)廷以他将代公,且何(he)辞?”孝逸(yi)(yi)然之(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)(nai)部(bu)分进(jin)讨。时敬业保下(xia)阿谿,弟敬猷屯淮阴(yin),咸请“先击(ji)下(xia)阿,下(xia)阿败,淮阴(yin)自破(po)。今淮阴(yin)急,敬业必(bi)救(jiu),是敌(di)在(zai)(zai)腹(fu)背也。”元忠(zhong)曰(yue):“不然。贼(zei)劲兵(bing)(bing)尽守下(xia)阿,利在(zai)(zai)一(yi)决,苟(gou)有负(fu),则大事去(qu)矣。敬酋博徒不知战,且其兵(bing)(bing)寡易摇(yao),大军(jun)临之(zhi)(zhi),势宜克。敬业畏直捣江都,必(bi)将邀我中(zhong)(zhong)路,吾今乘胜进(jin),又以逸(yi)(yi)击(ji)劳,破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)矣。譬之(zhi)(zhi)逐兽,弱者先禽。今舍(she)必(bi)禽之(zhi)(zhi)弱,而趋难敌(di)之(zhi)(zhi)强,非(fei)计也。”孝逸(yi)(yi)乃(nai)(nai)引兵(bing)(bing)击(ji)淮阴(yin),敬猷脱身遁,遂进(jin)击(ji)敬业,平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)。还。授司刑正。
迁洛(luo)阳(yang)令。陷周兴狱当死(si)(si)(si),以平扬(yang)、楚功,得流(liu)。岁(sui)余(yu)(yu),为(wei)御史中丞,复为(wei)来俊臣(chen)(chen)所构。将就(jiu)刑,神色不动,前(qian)死(si)(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe)宗室子三十(shi)余(yu)(yu),尸相枕(zhen)藉於前(qian),元忠(zhong)(zhong)顾曰(yue):“大(da)丈夫行居此矣。”俄(e)敕凤阁舍人王隐客(ke)驰骑免死(si)(si)(si),传(chuan)声及(ji)于市,诸(zhu)囚欢叫,元忠(zhong)(zhong)独(du)坚坐,左右命起,元忠(zhong)(zhong)曰(yue):“未知实否。”既而(er)隐客(ke)至,宣诏已,乃徐谢,亦不改容。流(liu)费州。复为(wei)中丞。岁(sui)余(yu)(yu),陷侯思止狱,仍放岭(ling)南。酷(ku)吏(li)诛,人多讼元忠(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe),乃召(zhao)复旧官。因侍宴,武后曰(yue):“卿累(lei)负谤(bang)铄,何邪?”对曰(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)犹鹿也,罗织之吏(li)如猎者(zhe)(zhe),苟须臣(chen)(chen)肉为(wei)之羹耳,彼将杀(sha)臣(chen)(chen)以求进,臣(chen)(chen)顾何辜?”
圣(sheng)历(li)二(er)年,为凤(feng)阁侍郎、同凤(feng)阁鸾台(tai)平章事,俄检(jian)校(xiao)并(bing)州长史(shi)、天兵军(jun)(jun)大(da)总管(guan),以备突厥(jue)。迁左肃政台(tai)御史(shi)大(da)夫(fu),兼检(jian)校(xiao)洛州长史(shi),治(zhi)号(hao)威明。张易之家奴暴百(bai)姓,横(heng)甚(shen),元(yuan)忠(zhong)笞杀之,权豪惮服(fu)。俄为陇右诸军(jun)(jun)大(da)使,以讨吐蕃;又为灵武道(dao)行(xing)军(jun)(jun)大(da)总管(guan)御突厥(jue)。元(yuan)忠(zhong)驭军(jun)(jun)持重,虽无赫然功,而(er)亦未尝(chang)败。
中(zhong)宗在东宫,为(wei)检校左庶子。时二张势倾(qing)朝(chao)廷(ting),元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)尝奏曰(yue):“臣(chen)承先帝之顾,且受陛下厚恩,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)徇忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),使小人在君侧,臣(chen)之罪也。”易(yi)之等恨怒,因武后(hou)(hou)(hou)不(bu)(bu)豫(yu),即共(gong)谮元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)与(yu)司礼丞(cheng)高戬(jian)谋挟太(tai)子为(wei)耐久朋(peng),遂下制狱。诏(zhao)皇太(tai)子、相(xiang)王及宰相(xiang)引(yin)(yin)元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等辨(bian)於廷(ting),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)决(jue)。昌宗乃引(yin)(yin)张说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)为(wei)证,说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)初伪许之,至是迫使言(yan)状,不(bu)(bu)应,后(hou)(hou)(hou)又促之,说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)曰(yue):“臣(chen)不(bu)(bu)闻也。”易(yi)之等遽曰(yue):“说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)与(yu)同逆(ni)。说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)曩尝谓元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)伊(yi)、周(zhou)。夫伊(yi)尹放太(tai)甲,周(zhou)公摄王位。此(ci)反(fan)状明甚(shen)。”说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)曰(yue):“易(yi)之、昌宗安知伊(yi)、周(zhou),臣(chen)乃能(neng)知之。伊(yi)尹、周(zhou)公,历(li)古以(yi)为(wei)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)臣(chen),陛下不(bu)(bu)遣学(xue)伊(yi)、周(zhou),将何效焉?”说(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)又曰(yue):“臣(chen)知附易(yi)之朝(chao)夕(xi)可宰相(xiang),从元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)则族灭。今(jin)不(bu)(bu)敢面欺,惧(ju)元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之冤。”后(hou)(hou)(hou)寤(wu)其谗(chan),然重(zhong)违易(yi)之,故贬元(yuan)忠(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)高要(yao)尉(wei)。
中宗(zong)复(fu)位,召(zhao)为(wei)卫尉卿(qing)、同(tong)中书(shu)门下三品(pin)。不阅旬(xun),迁兵部(bu)尚(shang)书(shu),进侍中。武后崩(beng),帝居丧,军国事(shi)委(wei)元忠裁可,拜中书(shu)令,封齐国公。神龙二(er)年,为(wei)尚(shang)书(shu)右仆射,知兵部(bu)尚(shang)书(shu),当朝用事(shi),群臣(chen)莫(mo)敢望。谒告上(shang)冢,诏宰相诸司长(zhang)官祖道(dao)上(shang)东门,赐锦袍,给千骑(qi)四人侍,赐银(yin)千两(liang)。元忠到家,於(wu)亲戚无所赈施。及还,帝为(wei)幸白马寺迎劳(lao)之。
安乐公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)私(si)请(qing)废太子(zi),求为皇(huang)太女(nv),帝(di)以问元忠,元忠曰(yue):“公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)而(er)为皇(huang)太女(nv),驸马都尉(wei)当何(he)名?”主(zhu)恚曰(yue):“山东木强安知礼?阿母(mu)子(zi)尚(shang)为天子(zi),我何(he)嫌(xian)?”宫中谓武后为阿母(mu)子(zi),故主(zhu)称之。元忠固(gu)称不可(ke),自是语塞(sai)。
武三思(si)用(yong)事,京兆(zhao)韦月将、渤(bo)海(hai)高(gao)轸上(shang)书(shu)言其恶(e)(e),帝搒(bang)杀之,后莫敢(gan)言。王同(tong)皎谋诛(zhu)三思(si),不克,反被族。元忠(zhong)居其间,依违无所建(jian)明。初,元忠(zhong)相武后,有清正(zheng)名,至是辅政,天(tian)下(xia)倾望,冀(ji)干正(zheng)王室,而稍惮权幸,不能赏善(shan)罚恶(e)(e),誉(yu)望大减。陈郡(jun)男子袁楚(chu)客(ke)者以书(shu)规之曰:
今(jin)皇(huang)帝新服厥德,任官惟贤才(cai),左右惟其人,因以(yi)布大(da)化,充古谊,以(yi)正天(tian)下。君(jun)侯安得(de)事循默哉?苟利社(she)稷,专之(zhi)可也(ye)。夫安天(tian)下者(zhe)先正其本,本正则天(tian)下固(gu),国之(zhi)兴亡系(xi)焉。太(tai)(tai)子天(tian)下本,譬之(zhi)大(da)树(shu),无(wu)(wu)本则枝叶(ye)零悴(cui),国无(wu)(wu)太(tai)(tai)子,朝(chao)野不安。储君(jun)有次及之(zhi)势,故师保教以(yi)君(jun)人之(zhi)道,用蕴(yun)崇其德,所(suo)以(yi)重(zhong)天(tian)下也(ye)。今(jin)皇(huang)子既长,未定嫡嗣,是天(tian)下无(wu)(wu)本。天(tian)下无(wu)(wu)本,犹树(shu)而亡根,枝叶(ye)何以(yi)存(cun)乎?愿君(jun)侯以(yi)清宴(yan)之(zhi)间(jian)言於上,择(ze)贤而立之(zhi),此安天(tian)下之(zhi)道。旷(kuang)而不置,朝(chao)廷一失也(ye)。
女有(you)内(nei)则,男有(you)外傅,岂相滥哉?幕府者,丈夫(fu)之职。今公主并开(kai)府置吏,以(yi)女处男职,所谓长阴抑阳也,而望阴阳不(bu)愆、风(feng)雨时若,得乎?此(ci)朝廷二失也。
今(jin)度人既多,缁(zi)衣半道(dao),不本(ben)行(xing)业,专以(yi)重宝(bao)附(fu)权(quan)门,皆(jie)有定直。昔之(zhi)卖(mai)(mai)官,钱入(ru)公府(fu),今(jin)之(zhi)卖(mai)(mai)度,钱入(ru)私家。以(yi)兹入(ru)道(dao),徒为游(you)食。此朝廷三失也(ye)。
唯名与器,不可(ke)(ke)以(yi)假人(ren)(ren)。故曰:“天(tian)工,人(ren)(ren)其代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)。”夫代(dai)(dai)天(tian),非材不可(ke)(ke)也。代(dai)(dai)非其人(ren)(ren),必失(shi)(shi)天(tian)意。失(shi)(shi)天(tian)意而无患祸,未之(zhi)有也。今倡优之(zhi)辈(bei),因耳目之(zhi)好,遂授以(yi)官(guan)(guan),非轻(qing)朝廷、乱正法邪?人(ren)(ren)君无私(si),私(si)怒害物,私(si)赏费财(cai),况私(si)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)官(guan)(guan)乎?此朝廷四失(shi)(shi)也。
贤者(zhe)邦(bang)家之(zhi)光,任之(zhi)致(zhi)治(zhi),弃之(zhi)生乱。近(jin)诏博求多士,虽(sui)有好贤之(zhi)名,无得(de)贤之(zhi)实。盖有司选士,非(fei)贿即势,上失(shi)天(tian)心,下违人(ren)望(wang),非(fei)为官择(ze)吏,乃为人(ren)择(ze)官。葛洪(hong)有言(yan):“举(ju)秀(xiu)才(cai),不知书;察孝廉,浊如(ru)泥;高第(di)贤良吝如(ru)。此朝廷五(wu)失(shi)也。
阉竖(shu)者(zhe),给宫掖扫除事(shi),古(gu)以(yi)奴隶(li)畜之(zhi)。中(zhong)古(gu)以(yi)来,大道乖丧(sang),疏贤哲,亲(qin)近习,乃(nai)委之(zhi)以(yi)事(shi),授之(zhi)以(yi)权。故竖(shu)刁乱齐,伊戾(li)败宋。君侧之(zhi)人(ren)(ren),众所畏惧,所谓(wei)鹰(ying)头(tou)之(zhi)蝇、庙垣(yuan)之(zhi)鼠者(zhe)也(ye)。后(hou)汉时用事(shi)尤甚,晚节卒(zu)乱天下。今大君中(zhong)兴,独有阉竖(shu)坐升班秩,既无正阙,率授员(yuan)外,乃(nai)盈(ying)千人(ren)(ren),绾青紫,耗府藏。前事(shi)之(zhi)验,后(hou)事(shi)之(zhi)师。此朝廷(ting)六失(shi)也(ye)。
古者茅(mao)茨采椽(chuan),以俭(jian)约遗子孙,所(suo)以爱力(li)也。今公主所(suo)赏倾(qing)库府,所(suo)造(zao)(zao)皆(jie)官供,其疏筑台沼,崇峙观庑(wu),山无(wu)本石,木无(wu)近产,造(zao)(zao)之终岁,功用不(bu)绝。夫为君(jun)所(suo)以养人(ren),非以害人(ren),今外戚不(bu)助养而反害之,是使人(ren)主受谤(bang)天(tian)下。此朝廷七失也。
官以安(an)人(ren)(ren)(ren),非以害于人(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。先王欲人(ren)(ren)(ren)治必(bi)选(xuan)(xuan)材,欲人(ren)(ren)(ren)安(an)必(bi)省事,此诚同天下(xia)忧也(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)有乐,君(jun)共之(zhi),君(jun)有乐,人(ren)(ren)(ren)庆(qing)之(zhi),可谓(wei)同乐矣。如此,则上下(xia)无间,而(er)均一体(ti)也(ye)(ye)。今天下(xia)困(kun)穷,州牧、县宰,非以选(xuan)(xuan)进,割剥自(zi)私,人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)聊生,是下(xia)有忧而(er)上不(bu)恤也(ye)(ye)。而(er)更员外(wai)置官,非助桀欤?夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)情自(zi)以员外(wai)吏,恐下(xia)不(bu)己畏(wei)也(ye)(ye),必(bi)峻法惧之(zhi);恐财不(bu)己奉也(ye)(ye),必(bi)枉(wang)道夺之(zhi)。欲不(bu)乱(luan),可得(de)哉?古语有之(zhi),十羊(yang)九牧,羊(yang)既不(bu)得(de)食,人(ren)(ren)(ren)亦不(bu)得(de)息。《书》曰:“官不(bu)必(bi)备(bei),惟其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。”此言正员犹难其(qi)备(bei),况(kuang)员之(zhi)外(wai)乎(hu)!此朝廷八(ba)失(shi)也(ye)(ye)。
政出(chu)多门,大乱之(zhi)渐。近封数夫人,皆先帝宫嫔。以为备内(nei)职(zhi),则不当知外;不备内(nei)职(zhi),则自(zi)可(ke)处外。而(er)令出(chu)入(ru)禁(jin)掖(ye),使内(nei)言必(bi)出(chu),外言必(bi)入(ru),固将弄君之(zhi)法,纵而(er)不禁(jin),非所(suo)以重宗庙、固国家。孔子曰:“彼(bi)妇之(zhi)口,可(ke)以出(chu)走;彼(bi)妇之(zhi)谒,可(ke)以死败(bai)。”此朝廷九失也。
不(bu)以(yi)道事(shi)其(qi)君者,所以(yi)危天下也(ye),危天下之臣(chen)不(bu)可不(bu)逐,安天下之臣(chen)不(bu)可不(bu)任。今有引鬼(gui)神(shen)、执左道以(yi)惑主(zhu)者,托(tuo)鬼(gui)神(shen)为难知,故致其(qi)诈(zha),而据非才之地,食非德之禄,此国盗(dao)也(ye)。《传》曰:“国将(jiang)兴(xing),听(ting)於(wu)民,将(jiang)亡,听(ting)於(wu)神(shen)。”今几听(ting)於(wu)神(shen)乎?此朝廷十失也(ye)。
君侯不正,谁(shei)与(yu)正之?
元(yuan)忠(zhong)得书益惭。以三(san)(san)思(si)专权,思(si)有(you)以诛(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)。会节愍(min)太子(zi)(zi)起兵(bing),与(yu)闻其(qi)谋(mou)。太子(zi)(zi)已(yi)诛(zhu)三(san)(san)思(si),引兵(bing)走阙下,元(yuan)忠(zhong)子(zi)(zi)太仆(pu)少卿升遇(yu)於(wu)永(yong)安门,太子(zi)(zi)胁使从战(zhan),已(yi)而被杀。议者未(wei)辨逆顺,元(yuan)忠(zhong)诵言曰:“既(ji)诛(zhu)贼谢天下,虽死鼎镬(huo)所甘心。惟(wei)皇(huang)太子(zi)(zi)没为恨耳。”帝以其(qi)尝有(you)功,且为高宗、武(wu)后素(su)所礼(li),置不(bu)(bu)问。宗楚客、纪处讷(ne)大怒,固请(qing)夷其(qi)族(zu),不(bu)(bu)听。元(yuan)忠(zhong)不(bu)(bu)自安,上政(zheng)事(shi)及(ji)国封,诏以特(te)进、齐(qi)国公致(zhi)仕,朝朔望(wang)。楚客等引右卫(wei)郎(lang)将姚廷筠为御史(shi)中丞,暴奏(zou)反状,繇是贬渠州司马(ma)。杨再思(si)、李峤皆希顺楚客,傅致(zhi)元(yuan)忠(zhong)罪,唯萧至(zhi)忠(zhong)议当申(shen)宥之(zhi)(zhi)。楚客复遣再思(si)与(yu)冉祖雍奏(zou)元(yuan)忠(zhong)缘逆不(bu)(bu)宜处内地(di),监察御史(shi)袁守(shou)一(yi)固请(qing)行(xing)诛(zhu),遂贬务川尉。守(shou)一(yi)又(you)劾:“天后尝不(bu)(bu)豫,狄仁杰请(qing)陛下监国,元(yuan)忠(zhong)止之(zhi)(zhi),此其(qi)逆久萌。”帝谓杨再思(si)曰:“守(shou)一(yi)非(fei)是。事(shi)君者一(yi)其(qi)心,岂有(you)上少疾遽异论哉?朕(zhen)未(wei)见元(yuan)忠(zhong)过也。”
元忠至涪(fu)陵,卒,年(nian)(nian)七十余。景龙四年(nian)(nian),赠尚书(shu)左仆射、齐国(guo)公、本州刺(ci)史。睿宗(zong)诏陪葬定陵,以(yi)实封(feng)一(yi)百五十户赐其子晃。开元六年(nian)(nian),谥曰(yue)贞。
元忠(zhong)始名真宰,以诸生见高宗(zong)(zong),高宗(zong)(zong)慰遣,不(bu)知谢即出,仪举自安,帝目送谓(wei)薛元超曰:“是子(zi)未习朝廷仪,然名不(bu)虚(xu)谓(wei),真宰相也。”避武后母讳(hui),改今名。
韦安石,京兆万年人。曾祖(zu)孝宽(kuan),为(wei)周(zhou)大(da)(da)司(si)空(kong)、郧(yun)国公(gong)。祖(zu)津,隋大(da)(da)业(ye)末(mo)为(wei)民(min)部侍郎,与元(yuan)文(wen)都等留守洛(luo),拒李密(mi)(mi),战上东门,为(wei)密(mi)(mi)禽。后王世充(chong)杀文(wen)都而津独免,密(mi)(mi)败(bai),复归洛(luo)。世充(chong)平,高(gao)祖(zu)素与津善(shan),授谏议大(da)(da)夫,检校黄门侍郎,陵州(zhou)刺史,卒。父琬,仕为(wei)成州(zhou)刺史。
安石举明经,调乾封尉,雍州(zhou)长史苏良嗣器之。永昌元年,迁雍州(zhou)司兵参军。良嗣当国,谓安石曰:“大才当大用,徒劳(lao)州(zhou)县(xian)可乎(hu)?”荐于武后(hou),擢膳部员(yuan)外郎,迁并(bing)州(zhou)司马,有善政(zheng),后(hou)手制劳(lao)问,陟拜德、郑二州(zhou)刺史。安石性方重,不苟言(yan)笑,其政(zheng)尚清严,吏民尊畏。
久视中(zhong),迁文昌右丞,以鸾台侍(shi)郎同凤(feng)(feng)阁(ge)鸾台平章(zhang)事,兼太子(zi)左庶子(zi),仍(reng)侍(shi)读,寻知纳言(yan)事。时二(er)张及武三思宠横,安(an)(an)石(shi)数折(zhe)辱(ru)之。会(hui)侍(shi)宴殿中(zhong),易之引蜀(shu)商(shang)宋霸(ba)子(zi)等博塞后前,安(an)(an)石(shi)跪奏“商(shang)等贱类(lei),不当戏殿上。”顾左右引出,坐皆失色,后以安(an)(an)石(shi)辞正(zheng),改(gai)容慰勉。凤(feng)(feng)阁(ge)侍(shi)郎陆元方自以为(wei)不及,退告人曰:“韦公真(zhen)宰(zai)相(xiang)。”后尝(chang)(chang)幸(xing)兴(xing)泰宫(gong),议趋疾道(dao),安(an)(an)石(shi)曰:“此道(dao)板(ban)筑所成,非自然之固。千(qian)金子(zi)且诫垂堂,况万(wan)乘(cheng)可轻(qing)乘(cheng)危哉?”后为(wei)回(hui)辇(nian)。长(zhang)(zhang)安(an)(an)二(er)年,同凤(feng)(feng)阁(ge)鸾台三品,俄又(you)知纳言(yan),检校扬州大都督(du)府长(zhang)(zhang)史。神龙元年,罢政事,俄复同三品,迁中(zhong)书令,兼相(xiang)王(wang)府长(zhang)(zhang)史,封郧国公,赐(ci)(ci)封三百户(hu),加特进,为(wei)侍(shi)中(zhong)。中(zhong)宗与(yu)韦后以正(zheng)月望(wang)夜幸(xing)其(qi)第,赉(lai)赐(ci)(ci)不赀。帝尝(chang)(chang)幸(xing)安(an)(an)乐(le)公主(zhu)池(chi),主(zhu)请御船(chuan),安(an)(an)石(shi)曰:“御轻(qing)舟,乘(cheng)不测(ce),非帝王(wang)事。”乃止。
睿(rui)宗立,授太(tai)子少保,改封郇国,复为侍中(zhong)、中(zhong)书(shu)令,进开府仪同三(san)司。太(tai)平(ping)公主(zhu)有异(yi)谋,欲(yu)引安(an)石,数因其(qi)婿唐晙邀之,拒不(bu)往。帝一(yi)日召安(an)石曰(yue):“朝廷倾心东宫,卿(qing)胡(hu)不(bu)察?”对曰(yue):“太(tai)子仁(ren)孝,天下所(suo)称,且有大功。陛(bi)下今安(an)得亡国语?此必太(tai)平(ping)公主(zhu)计也。”帝矍(jue)然曰(yue):“卿(qing)勿(wu)言,朕知(zhi)之。”主(zhu)窃闻,乃构(gou)飞(fei)变,欲(yu)讯之,赖郭元振保护(hu),免。迁尚(shang)书(shu)右仆射(she)兼太(tai)子宾客、同三(san)品(pin),俄罢政事,留守东都。
会妻薛怨婿婢,笞杀之,为(wei)御史(shi)中(zhong)丞杨茂谦所(suo)劾,下迁蒲州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi),徙青州(zhou)(zhou)。安(an)石(shi)(shi)在(zai)蒲,太(tai)常(chang)卿姜皎(jiao)有所(suo)请,拒之。皎(jiao)弟晦为(wei)中(zhong)丞,以安(an)石(shi)(shi)昔相(xiang)中(zhong)宗(zong),受遗制(zhi),而(er)宗(zong)楚客、韦温擅削相(xiang)王(wang)辅(fu)政语,安(an)石(shi)(shi)无所(suo)建正,讽侍御史(shi)洪子舆劾举(ju),子舆以更赦(she)不从。监(jian)察(cha)御史(shi)郭震奏(zou)之,有诏与韦嗣立、赵彦昭等(deng)皆贬,安(an)石(shi)(shi)为(wei)沔州(zhou)(zhou)别驾。皎(jiao)又奏(zou)安(an)石(shi)(shi)护作定陵,有所(suo)盗(dao)没,诏籍(ji)其赃。安(an)石(shi)(shi)叹曰:“祗须我死乃已。”发(fa)愤卒(zu),年六十四(si)。开元十七年,赠蒲州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。天(tian)宝初,加赠左仆射(she)、郇国公,谥文贞。二子:陟,、斌。
陟(zhi)字殷(yin)卿,与弟斌(bin)俱秀(xiu)敏异常童(tong)。安(an)石晚有(you)子,爱之。神龙一年(nian),安(an)石为中(zhong)书(shu)令(ling)(ling),陟(zhi)甫十(shi)岁,授温王府东阁(ge)祭酒、朝散(san)大(da)夫(fu)。风格方整,善文辞(ci),书(shu)有(you)楷法,一时知名士皆与游。开元中(zhong)居丧,以父不(bu)得志殁,乃(nai)与斌(bin)杜门不(bu)出(chu)八年(nian)。亲友更(geng)往敦晓,乃(nai)强调为洛(luo)阳(yang)令(ling)(ling)。宋璟(jing)见陟(zhi)叹曰:“盛德遗范,尽在是矣(yi)。”累除吏(li)部郎中(zhong),中(zhong)书(shu)令(ling)(ling)张九龄引(yin)为舍人,与孙逖、梁涉并(bing)司(si)书(shu)命,时号(hao)得才。
迁(qian)礼部侍郎。陟(zhi)於(wu)鉴裁(cai)尤长(zhang)。故事(shi),取(qu)人(ren)以一日试(shi)为高下(xia)。陟(zhi)许自通所工,先就(jiu)其能试(shi)之,已乃程考,由是无遗材。迁(qian)吏部侍郎,选人(ren)多伪集(ji),与正调(diao)相冒,陟(zhi)有风采,擿(zhi)辨无不伏者,黜正数百员,铨综号为公平(ping)。然任威严,或至詈诘,议者訾其峻。又(you)自以门品可坐阶三(san)公,居常简贵,视(shi)僚党(dang)涘然;其以道谊(yi)合(he),虽(sui)后进布衣与均(jun)礼。
李林甫恶其名高,恐逼己,出为襄(xiang)阳太(tai)守(shou),徙(xi)(xi)河南采访(fang)使,以(yi)(yi)(yi)判官员锡善讯(xun)覆,支使韦(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)甫工书奏,时号“员推韦(wei)状”,陟(zhi)(zhi)皆倚任之(zhi)。俄(e)袭(xi)郇(xun)国(guo)公,坐事贬(bian)守(shou)钟离(li)、义(yi)阳,后为河东太(tai)守(shou)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)失职,内怏怏,乃毁廉(lian)隅(yu),颇饷谢权(quan)幸欲(yu)自(zi)结。天宝十二(er)载,入考华清宫,杨(yang)国(guo)忠(zhong)忌其才,谓(wei)拾遗吴豸之(zhi)曰:“子(zi)能发陟(zhi)(zhi)罪乎?吾以(yi)(yi)(yi)御史(shi)相处。”豸之(zhi)乃劾陟(zhi)(zhi)馈(kui)遗事,国(guo)忠(zhong)又使甥婿(xu)韦(wei)元(yuan)(yuan)志左验,陟(zhi)(zhi)惶悸,贿吉温求救(jiu),由是俱得罪,陟(zhi)(zhi)贬(bian)桂岭尉(wei),坐不行,徙(xi)(xi)平乐。会安禄(lu)山陷洛阳,弟斌没贼,国(guo)忠(zhong)欲(yu)构陟(zhi)(zhi)与贼通,密谕守(shou)吏,令胁陟(zhi)(zhi)使忧死(si),州豪杰共说(shuo)(shuo)曰:“昔张说(shuo)(shuo)被窜,匿(ni)陈(chen)氏以(yi)(yi)(yi)免。今若(ruo)诏(zhao)书下,谁敢庇(bi)公?愿公乘扁舟遁(dun)去,事宁乃出,不亦美乎?”陟(zhi)(zhi)慨(kai)然曰:“命(ming)当尔,其敢逃刑?”因谢遣(qian),坚卧不出。
岁余,肃宗即(ji)位,起为(wei)(wei)(wei)吴郡太守,使者趣追,未至,会(hui)永(yong)王(wang)兵(bing)起,委陟(zhi)招谕,乃授御史大夫、江(jiang)东(dong)节度(du)使。与高适(shi)、来瑱(tian)会(hui)安州,陟(zhi)曰(yue):“今中(zhong)原未平,江(jiang)淮(huai)(huai)(huai)骚离,若不斋盟(meng)质信,以示四方,知吾(wu)等协心戮力,则无(wu)以成功。”乃推(tui)瑱(tian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)地主,为(wei)(wei)(wei)载书,登坛(tan)曰(yue):“淮(huai)(huai)(huai)西节度(du)使瑱(tian)、江(jiang)东(dong)节度(du)使陟(zhi)、淮(huai)(huai)(huai)南(nan)节度(du)使适(shi),衔(xian)国(guo)威命,纠(jiu)合三(san)垂(chui),翦除凶慝,好恶同之,毋有(you)异志。有(you)渝(yu)此盟(meng),坠命亡族,罔克(ke)生育。皇天后土(tu),祖宗明(ming)神(shen),实鉴斯言(yan)。”辞旨慷慨,士皆陨泣。
永王(wang)败,帝(di)(di)(di)趣陟(zhi)赴凤翔。初,季(ji)广(guang)琛从永王(wang)乱,非其(qi)(qi)本谋(mou),陟(zhi)表(biao)广(guang)琛为历阳太守,慰安之。至是(shi)(shi),恐广(guang)琛有(you)后变(bian),乃驰往谕诏(zhao)恩(en)释其(qi)(qi)疑,而后趣召。帝(di)(di)(di)雅闻陟(zhi)名,欲(yu)倚(yi)以相,及是(shi)(shi)迁延,疑有(you)顾望意(yi)(yi),止除御史大夫。会杜甫论房琯,词(ci)意(yi)(yi)迂慢,帝(di)(di)(di)令陟(zhi)与(yu)崔光远(yuan)、颜真卿按(an)之,陟(zhi)奏:“甫言虽狂(kuang),不(bu)失谏臣体。”帝(di)(di)(di)繇是(shi)(shi)疏之。富平人(ren)将军王(wang)去荣杀其(qi)(qi)县令,帝(di)(di)(di)将宥之,陟(zhi)曰:“昔汉高帝(di)(di)(di)约(yue)法,杀人(ren)者死。今陛下杀人(ren)者生(sheng),恐非所宜。”时(shi)朝廷尚(shang)(shang)新,群臣班殿中(zhong),有(you)相吊哭者,帝(di)(di)(di)以陟(zhi)不(bu)任职,用颜真卿代之,更拜(bai)吏部(bu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)。久之,宗(zong)人(ren)伐墓柏,坐(zuo)不(bu)相教,贬绛(jiang)州刺(ci)史。还授太常卿,吕諲入辅(fu),荐为礼部(bu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu)、东京(jing)留守。史思明逼伊、洛,李光弼议守河阳,陟(zhi)率东京(jing)安属(shu)入关避之,诏(zhao)授吏部(bu)尚(shang)(shang)书(shu),令就保永乐,以图收复。卒,年六十五(wu),赠荆州大都督。
陟早有名,而为林甫、国忠摈(bin)废(fei)。及肃宗(zong)择(ze)相,自谓(wei)(wei)必(bi)(bi)(bi)得(de),以(yi)后至不(bu)用。任事者(zhe)皆(jie)新进(jin),望风惮之(zhi),多言其(qi)骄倨(ju)。及入(ru)关,又不(bu)许至京(jing)师(shi)。郁郁不(bu)得(de)志,成疾,且卒,叹(tan)曰:“吾道穷於(wu)此(ci)乎!”性侈纵,喜(xi)饰服(fu)马,侍(shi)(shi)儿阉童列左右常数(shu)十,侔於(wu)王宫主第(di)。穷治馔(zhuan)羞(xiu),择(ze)膏腴地(di)艺谷麦,以(yi)鸟(niao)羽择(ze)米,每(mei)食(shi)视庖中所弃(qi),其(qi)直犹不(bu)减(jian)万(wan)钱,宴公(gong)侯家,虽(sui)极水陆,曾不(bu)下箸。常以(yi)五(wu)采(cai)笺为书记,使侍(shi)(shi)妾主之(zhi),以(yi)裁答,受意(yi)而已,皆(jie)有楷(kai)法(fa)(fa),陟唯署名,自谓(wei)(wei)所书“陟”字若五(wu)朵云,时人(ren)慕(mu)之(zhi),号“郇公(gong)五(wu)云体”。然家法(fa)(fa)脩整,敕子允就学,夜分视之(zhi),见其(qi)勤,旦日(ri)问安,色(se)必(bi)(bi)(bi)怡;稍(shao)怠则立堂下不(bu)与语。虽(sui)家僮数(shu)十,然应门宾(bin)客(ke),必(bi)(bi)(bi)允主之(zhi)。
永泰元(yuan)年,赠尚书左仆(pu)射。太(tai)常博士程(cheng)皓(hao)议谥“忠孝(xiao)”,颜(yan)真卿以(yi)为(wei)许国养(yang)亲(qin)不(bu)两(liang)立,不(bu)当合二行为(wei)谥,主客(ke)员外郎归崇敬亦驳正(zheng)之。右仆(pu)射郭英乂无学术,卒用太(tai)常议云。
斌(bin),父(fu)为(wei)(wei)相时授太(tai)子通事(shi)舍人。少(shao)脩整,好(hao)文艺(yi),容止严峭(qiao),有大(da)臣体,与陟(zhi)齐名。开元(yuan)中,薛王(wang)业以(yi)女妻之,迁(qian)秘书丞。天宝(bao)中,为(wei)(wei)中书舍人,兼(jian)集贤院(yuan)学士,改太(tai)常少(shao)卿。李林甫构韦(wei)坚(jian)狱,斌(bin)以(yi)宗累,贬巴陵(ling)太(tai)守(shou),移临汝(ru)。久之,拜银青光禄大(da)夫,列五品。时陟(zhi)守(shou)河东,而从兄由(you)为(wei)(wei)右金吾卫将军,绦为(wei)(wei)太(tai)子少(shao)师,四第同时列戟,衣冠(guan)罕比(bi)者。禄山(shan)陷洛阳,斌(bin)为(wei)(wei)贼得,署(shu)以(yi)黄(huang)门侍郎,忧愤卒。乾元(yuan)元(yuan)年(nian),赠(zeng)秘书监。
斌天(tian)性质厚(hou),每朝会(hui),不(bu)(bu)敢离立笑(xiao)言。尝大雪(xue),在廷者皆(jie)振裾更立,斌不(bu)(bu)徙(xi)足,雪(xue)甚,几(ji)至靴(xue),亦不(bu)(bu)失恭。
子况,少隐王(wang)屋(wu)山,孔述(shu)睿(rui)称之,及述(shu)睿(rui)以谏议大夫召,荐况为右拾遗,不拜。未几,以起居(ju)郎召,半岁,辄弃官去(qu),徙家龙(long)门。除司封(feng)员外郎,称疾固辞。元和初,授谏议大夫,勉(mian)谕(yu)到职,数月,乞骸(hai)骨,以太子左庶子致仕,卒。况虽世贵,而(er)志(zhi)冲远(yuan),不为声利所迁,当时重(zhong)其(qi)风操。
叔(shu)(shu)夏,安(an)石兄(xiong)。通礼(li)(li)家(jia)学。叔(shu)(shu)父(fu)太子詹事琨尝曰(yue):“而能继汉丞(cheng)相业矣。”擢明(ming)经第,历(li)太常博(bo)士(shi)(shi)。高宗崩,恤礼(li)(li)亡缺,叔(shu)(shu)夏与中书舍(she)人贾大隐、博(bo)士(shi)(shi)裴守(shou)真禋定其制(zhi),擢春官(guan)员(yuan)外郎。武(wu)后拜治,享明(ming)堂,凡(fan)所沿(yan)改,皆叔(shu)(shu)夏、祝钦(qin)明(ming)、郭(guo)山恽等(deng)所裁讨。每立(li)(li)一议(yi),众(zhong)咨服(fu)之。累迁成均司(si)业。后又诏:“五(wu)礼(li)(li)仪物,司(si)礼(li)(li)博(bo)士(shi)(shi)有所脩革,须叔(shu)(shu)夏、钦(qin)明(ming)等(deng)评处,然后以闻(wen)。”进位春官(guan)侍郎。中宗复(fu)位,转太常少卿,为建立(li)(li)庙社使,进银(yin)青光禄大夫,累封(feng)沛郡(jun)公,国子祭酒。卒,赠兗(yan)州都督、脩文馆学士(shi)(shi),谥(shi)曰(yue)文。子縚。
縚,开元时历(li)集贤修撰(zhuan)、光禄(lu)卿,迁太常。
唐(tang)兴,礼文虽具,然制度时时缪缺不(bu)伦(lun)。至显庆(qing)中(zhong),许敬宗建(jian)言(yan):“笾豆以(yi)多为贵(gui),宗庙(miao)乃旂于天,请大(da)(da)祀(si)十(shi)二(er)(er)、中(zhong)祀(si)十(shi)、小(xiao)祀(si)八。大(da)(da)祀(si)、中(zhong)祀(si)、簠(fu)、簋、、俎(zu)皆一,小(xiao)祀(si)无。”诏可。二(er)(er)十(shi)三年,赦令以(yi)笾豆之(zhi)荐,未能(neng)备(bei)物,宜诏礼官(guan)学(xue)士共议以(yi)闻。縚请“宗庙(miao)笾豆皆加十(shi)二(er)(er)。”又(you)言(yan)“郊奠,爵(jue)容止一合(he),容小(xiao)则陋(lou),宜增大(da)(da)之(zhi)。”
兵部侍郎(lang)张均、职方(fang)郎(lang)中韦述(shu)议曰:“《礼(li)(li)(li)》:‘天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)生(sheng),地之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)长,苟可(ke)荐(jian)者(zhe),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)咸在。’圣人(ren)知孝(xiao)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)情深,而(er)物类无限,故为之(zhi)(zhi)节,使物有(you)(you)(you)品,器有(you)(you)(you)数,贵(gui)(gui)贱差(cha)降(jiang),不(bu)(bu)得(de)相越。周制:王,食(shi)用(yong)(yong)六(liu)谷,膳用(yong)(yong)六(liu)牲,饮用(yong)(yong)六(liu)清,羞(xiu)用(yong)(yong)百有(you)(you)(you)二十品,珍(zhen)用(yong)(yong)八物,酱用(yong)(yong)百有(you)(you)(you)二十甕,而(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)四笾、四豆(dou)供祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)。此(ci)祀(si)与(yu)宾客丰省不(bu)(bu)得(de)同,旧(jiu)矣。且嗜好燕私(si)之(zhi)(zhi)馔,与(yu)时(shi)而(er)迁,故圣人(ren)一约以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)。虽(sui)平生(sheng)所(suo)嗜,非礼(li)(li)(li)则不(bu)(bu)荐(jian);所(suo)恶,是(shi)(shi)礼(li)(li)(li)则不(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)。屈建命去(qu)(qu)祥祭(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)芰(ji)曰:‘祭(ji)(ji)典有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)羞(xiu)珍(zhen)异,不(bu)(bu)陈庶侈。’此(ci)则礼(li)(li)(li)外之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi),前(qian)古不(bu)(bu)荐(jian)。今欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甘旨肥浓皆充於(wu)祭(ji)(ji),苟逾旧(jiu)制,其何极焉。虽(sui)笾豆(dou)有(you)(you)(you)加,不(bu)(bu)能备也。若曰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)今之(zhi)(zhi)珍(zhen),生(sheng)所(suo)嗜爱,求(qiu)神无方(fang),是(shi)(shi)簠、簋可(ke)去(qu)(qu),而(er)盘(pan)、盂、杯、案当御矣;韶、瑀可(ke)抵,而(er)箜篌、笙、笛应奏矣。且自汉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)来,陵有(you)(you)(you)寝宫,岁(sui)时(shi)朔望,荐(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)常馔,固可(ke)尽孝(xiao)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)心。至宗(zong)庙法享,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)变古从俗(su)。有(you)(you)(you)司所(suo)承,一升(sheng)爵,五升(sheng)散。《礼(li)(li)(li)》:凡宗(zong)庙,贵(gui)(gui)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)爵,贱者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)散,此(ci)贵(gui)(gui)小贱大,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示节俭。请如故。”
太(tai)子(zi)宾客(ke)(ke)崔沔曰(yue):“古者(zhe),有(you)(you)(you)所饮食(shi),必(bi)先严献(xian)(xian),未(wei)(wei)化火,则有(you)(you)(you)毛血之(zhi)(zhi)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),未(wei)(wei)麹糵,则有(you)(you)(you)玄酒之(zhi)(zhi)奠(dian)。至后(hou)王(wang),作酒醴(li)、用牺牲(sheng),故有(you)(you)(you)三牲(sheng)、八(ba)簋、五齐、九献(xian)(xian)。然(ran)神(shen)尚(shang)玄,可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)存而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)测也(ye);祭(ji)(ji)主(zhu)敬(jing),可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)备而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)废也(ye)。盖荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)贵(gui)新,味(wei)不(bu)(bu)尚(shang)亵,虽曰(yue)备物(wu),犹有(you)(you)(you)节制(zhi)存焉(yan)。铏(xing)、俎、笾、豆(dou)、簠、簋、尊、罍,周人时(shi)(shi)(shi)馔(zhuan)也(ye),其(qi)用通於燕享(xiang)宾客(ke)(ke),周公乃与(yu)毛血玄酒共(gong)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。晋中(zhong)郎(lang)卢谌家(jia)(jia)(jia)祭(ji)(ji),皆(jie)晋日食(shi),则当时(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)食(shi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)阙於祀已。唐家(jia)(jia)(jia)清庙(miao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)享(xiang),礼馔(zhuan)备进,周法也(ye);园寝上食(shi),时(shi)(shi)(shi)膳(shan)具陈,汉法也(ye)。职贡助祭(ji)(ji),致远物(wu)也(ye);有(you)(you)(you)新必(bi)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),顺时(shi)(shi)(shi)令也(ye)。苑囿(you)躬稼所入,搜田亲(qin)发(fa)所中(zhong),皆(jie)因宜以(yi)(yi)荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),荐(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而(er)(er)(er)后(hou)食(shi)。则浓(nong)腴鲜美(mei)尽在矣。又敕有(you)(you)(you)司著于(yu)令,不(bu)(bu)必(bi)加(jia)(jia)笾豆(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)数也(ye)。大(da)凡祭(ji)(ji)器(qi),视(shi)物(wu)所宜。故大(da)羹,古馔(zhuan)也(ye),盛以(yi)(yi),,古器(qi)也(ye);和羹,时(shi)(shi)(shi)馔(zhuan)也(ye),盛以(yi)(yi)铏(xing),铏(xing),时(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)也(ye)。有(you)(you)(you)古馔(zhuan)而(er)(er)(er)用时(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)者(zhe),则毛血于(yu)盘,玄酒于(yu)尊。未(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)进时(shi)(shi)(shi)馔(zhuan)用古器(qi)者(zhe),古质而(er)(er)(er)今(jin)文,有(you)(you)(you)所不(bu)(bu)称也(ye)。虽加(jia)(jia)笾豆(dou)十二,未(wei)(wei)足尽天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)美(mei),而(er)(er)(er)措诸(zhu)庙(miao),徒以(yi)(yi)近侈而(er)(er)(er)见訾抵。臣(chen)闻(wen)墨(mo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)者(zhe)流,出於清庙(miao),是庙(miao)贵(gui)俭(jian)不(bu)(bu)尚(shang)奢也(ye)。”礼部员外(wai)郎(lang)杨仲昌、户部郎(lang)中(zhong)阳伯(bo)成、左卫兵曹参军刘秩(zhi)等,请(qing)如旧(jiu)便。宰相白奏,玄宗曰(yue):“朕承(cheng)祖宗休德,享(xiang)祀粢盛,实贵(gui)丰洁。有(you)(you)(you)如不(bu)(bu)应於法,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)敢用。”乃诏太(tai)常,择品味(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)增者(zhe)稍(shao)加(jia)(jia)焉(yan)。縚(tao)又请(qing)室加(jia)(jia)笾、豆(dou)各六,每四时(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)新果珍饔实之(zhi)(zhi)。制(zhi)“可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)”。又诏:“献(xian)(xian)爵视(shi)药升(sheng)所容,以(yi)(yi)合古。”
二十(shi)三年,诏书(shu)服(fu)(fu)纪所(suo)未(wei)通者,令礼官学士详议。縚(tao)上言:“《礼》《丧服(fu)(fu)》:舅(jiu)(jiu),缌(si)(si)麻三月(yue)。从母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),小(xiao)功(gong)五月(yue),《传(chuan)》曰(yue):‘何以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)名(ming)加也。’而(er)(er)堂姨(yi)(yi)、舅(jiu)(jiu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),恩(en)所(suo)不(bu)及焉。外祖(zu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),小(xiao)功(gong)五月(yue),《传(chuan)》曰(yue):‘何以(yi)(yi)小(xiao)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)尊加也。’舅(jiu)(jiu),缌(si)(si)麻三月(yue),皆(jie)情亲而(er)(er)属疏(shu)也。外祖(zu)正(zheng)尊,服(fu)(fu)同从母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);姨(yi)(yi)、舅(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)等(deng)(deng),而(er)(er)有轻(qing)重;堂姨(yi)(yi)、舅(jiu)(jiu)亲未(wei)疏(shu),不(bu)相为服(fu)(fu);亲舅(jiu)(jiu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)如同爨。其亦古(gu)意有所(suo)未(wei)畅(chang)。且(qie)外祖(zu)小(xiao)功(gong),此为正(zheng)尊,请(qing)进至(zhi)大功(gong);姨(yi)(yi)、舅(jiu)(jiu)侪亲,服(fu)(fu)宜等(deng)(deng),请(qing)进舅(jiu)(jiu)至(zhi)小(xiao)功(gong);堂姨(yi)(yi)舅(jiu)(jiu)以(yi)(yi)疏(shu)降(jiang)亲舅(jiu)(jiu)从母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一(yi)等(deng)(deng);亲舅(jiu)(jiu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)古(gu)未(wei)有服(fu)(fu),请(qing)从袒免。”
于是韦述议曰(yue):“自(zi)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)至(zhi)玄(xuan)孙(sun)(sun)并身谓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九族(zu)。由(you)近(jin)及远(yuan)(yuan),差其(qi)(qi)轻重(zhong),遂为五(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。《传》曰(yue):‘外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆(jie)缌。’郑玄(xuan)曰(yue):‘外(wai)(wai)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)异姓,正服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不过(guo)(guo)(guo)缌。’外(wai)(wai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)小(xiao)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)尊(zun)加;从母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)小(xiao)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)名加;舅、甥(sheng)、外(wai)(wai)孙(sun)(sun)、中外(wai)(wai)昆弟,皆(jie)缌。以(yi)(yi)匹(pi)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),外(wai)(wai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye),舅则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伯(bo)叔也(ye),父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩不殊,而(er)(er)独杀(sha)於(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)者(zhe)(zhe)有以(yi)(yi)也(ye)。禽兽知母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)而(er)(er)不知父(fu)(fu)(fu),野人(ren)(ren)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng),都邑(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)知尊(zun)祢,大(da)(da)夫则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)知尊(zun)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),诸侯及太祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),天(tian)子及始祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。圣人(ren)(ren)究天(tian)道,厚祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祢,系姓族(zu),亲(qin)(qin)子孙(sun)(sun),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)党之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)於(wu)(wu)本族(zu),不同(tong)明甚。家无(wu)二尊(zun),丧无(wu)二斩,人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所奉,不可(ke)贰也(ye)。为人(ren)(ren)后(hou),降其(qi)(qi)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)丧。女(nv)子嫁,杀(sha)其(qi)(qi)家之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧。所存者(zhe)(zhe)远(yuan)(yuan),抑者(zhe)(zhe)私也(ye)。若(ruo)外(wai)(wai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及舅加一等(deng),而(er)(er)堂(tang)(tang)舅及姨(yi)(yi)著服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)中外(wai)(wai)其(qi)(qi)别几何?且五(wu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)有上(shang)杀(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义,伯(bo)叔父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)大(da)(da)功(gong),从父(fu)(fu)(fu)昆弟亦(yi)大(da)(da)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)出(chu)于祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不得(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)於(wu)(wu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)。从祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、从祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、从祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)昆弟皆(jie)小(xiao)功(gong),以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不得(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)。族(zu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、族(zu)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、族(zu)昆弟皆(jie)缌,以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)出(chu)於(wu)(wu)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不得(de)(de)过(guo)(guo)(guo)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)也(ye)。堂(tang)(tang)姨(yi)(yi)、舅出(chu)外(wai)(wai)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),若(ruo)为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)外(wai)(wai)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、外(wai)(wai)伯(bo)叔祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)亦(yi)可(ke)制服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)矣。外(wai)(wai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)至(zhi)大(da)(da)功(gong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)外(wai)(wai)曾(ceng)(ceng)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)小(xiao)功(gong)、外(wai)(wai)高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)缌。推(tui)而(er)(er)广之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),与(yu)本族(zu)无(wu)异。弃亲(qin)(qin)录疏,不可(ke)谓顺。且服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)皆(jie)有报,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)堂(tang)(tang)甥(sheng)、外(wai)(wai)曾(ceng)(ceng)孙(sun)(sun)、侄女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子皆(jie)当服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。圣人(ren)(ren)岂薄(bo)其(qi)(qi)骨肉恩爱哉?尽本於(wu)(wu)公者(zhe)(zhe)末於(wu)(wu)私,义有所断,不得(de)(de)不然。苟可(ke)加也(ye),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)可(ke)减也(ye),如是,礼可(ke)隳矣。请如古便。”杨(yang)仲昌(chang)又言:“舅服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)小(xiao)功(gong),魏(wei)徵(zhi)尝(chang)进之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所请,正同(tong)徵(zhi)论(lun)。堂(tang)(tang)舅、堂(tang)(tang)姨(yi)(yi)、舅母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),皆(jie)升(sheng)袒免(mian),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)外(wai)(wai)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)进至(zhi)大(da)(da)功(gong),不加报於(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)孙(sun)(sun)乎?外(wai)(wai)孙(sun)(sun)而(er)(er)报以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)功(gong),则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)本宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶(shu)孙(sun)(sun)用(yong)何等(deng)邪?”
帝(di)手(shou)敕(chi)曰:“朕(zhen)谓亲姨(yi)、舅服小功,则舅母於舅有(you)三年(nian)之(zhi)丧(sang),不(bu)得全降於舅,宜服缌(si)。堂(tang)姨(yi)、舅古(gu)未有(you)服,朕(zhen)思睦厚九族,宜袒免。古(gu)有(you)同爨(cuan)缌(si),若比(bi)堂(tang)姨(yi)、舅於同爨(cuan),不(bu)已(yi)厚乎?《传》曰:‘外亲服皆缌(si)。’是(shi)亦不(bu)隔堂(tang)姨(yi)、舅也。若谓所服不(bu)得过本(ben)(ben),而复为外曾祖父(fu)母、外伯叔父(fu)母制服,亦何伤?皆亲亲敦本(ben)(ben)意(yi)也。”
侍中(zhong)裴耀(yao)卿(qing)(qing)、中(zhong)书令(ling)张九龄、礼(li)部(bu)尚书李林甫奏言(yan):“外服无降(jiang),甥为(wei)(wei)舅母服,舅母亦报之。夫之甥既报,则夫之姨(yi)、舅又当服,恐(kong)所引益(yi)疏。臣等(deng)(deng)愚,皆所不及。”诏曰(yue)(yue):“从服六,此(ci)其(qi)一也。降(jiang)杀于礼(li)无文,皆自身率亲(qin)(qin)为(wei)(wei)之数。姨(yi)、舅属近,以亲(qin)(qin)言(yan)之,亦姑伯之匹,可曰(yue)(yue)所引疏耶?妇(fu)人(ren)从夫者也,夫於姨(yi)舅既服矣,从夫而服,是谓睦亲(qin)(qin)。卿(qing)(qing)等(deng)(deng)宜熟计。”耀(yao)卿(qing)(qing)等(deng)(deng)奏言(yan):“舅母缌,堂姨(yi)舅袒(tan)免。请准制旨,自我(wo)为(wei)(wei)古,罢诸儒议。”制曰(yue)(yue):“可。”
初,帝(di)诏岁率公卿迎气东郊,至三时,常以孟(meng)月(yue)(yue)读《时令》於正寝。二十六年,诏縚月(yue)(yue)奏《令》一篇,朔日於宣政侧设榻,东向(xiang)置案,縚坐(zuo)读之,诸司官长悉(xi)升殿坐(zuo)听。岁余(yu),罢。
高宗上元(yuan)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),将(jiang)袷(jia)(jia)享。议(yi)者以《礼纬(wei)》三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)袷(jia)(jia),五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di);《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》家(jia)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)殷(yin)祭(ji)。二(er)(er)(er)家(jia)舛互,诸(zhu)儒莫(mo)能(neng)决。太学博士(shi)史玄议(yi)曰:“《春秋》:僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)(er)(er)月(yue)薨(hong)。文公(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)八(ba)月(yue)丁卯,大(da)享。《公(gong)(gong)(gong)羊》曰:‘袷(jia)(jia)也。’则(ze)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)丧(sang)毕,新君(jun)之(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)当(dang)袷(jia)(jia),明年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)当(dang)禘(di)(di)群(qun)庙。又(you)宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),禘(di)(di)僖(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。宣公(gong)(gong)(gong)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)皆有(you)禘(di)(di),则(ze)后(hou)禘(di)(di)距前(qian)禘(di)(di)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。此则(ze)新君(jun)之(zhi)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)袷(jia)(jia)、三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)尔。后(hou)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)殷(yin)祭(ji),则(ze)六(liu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)当(dang)袷(jia)(jia),八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)。昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),齐(qi)归(gui)薨(hong)。十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),丧(sang)毕当(dang)袷(jia)(jia),为平丘之(zhi)会。冬(dong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)如晋,至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)袷(jia)(jia),十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)。《传(chuan)》曰‘有(you)事於(wu)武宫’是也。至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)袷(jia)(jia),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di);二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)袷(jia)(jia),二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)禘(di)(di)。昭公(gong)(gong)(gong)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)‘有(you)事於(wu)襄宫’是也。则(ze)禘(di)(di)后(hou)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)袷(jia)(jia),又(you)二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)而(er)禘(di)(di),合於(wu)礼。”议(yi)遂定。后(hou)睿(rui)宗丧(sang)毕,袷(jia)(jia)於(wu)庙。至(zhi)开(kai)元(yuan)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),禘(di)(di)祭(ji)五(wu),袷(jia)(jia)祭(ji)七(qi)。是岁,縚奏(zou):“四月(yue)尝已禘(di)(di),孟冬(dong)又(you)袷(jia)(jia),祀(si)礼丛数,请以夏(xia)禘(di)(di)为大(da)祭(ji)之(zhi)源。”自是相循,五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)再(zai)祭(ji)矣。
縚终太子少师。
抗者,安(an)石(shi)从(cong)父兄子。弱(ruo)冠举明经,累官吏(li)部(bu)郎(lang)中。景云初,为(wei)永昌令,辇毂繁要,抗不(bu)(bu)事威刑而治(zhi),前令无及(ji)者。迁右御(yu)(yu)史(shi)台(tai)中丞,邑民诣阙(que)留,不(bu)(bu)听,乃立碑著(zhu)其惠(hui)。开元三年,自太子左庶子为(wei)益州(zhou)(zhou)大都督(du)府长兄,授黄门侍郎(lang)。河曲胡康待宾叛,诏持节慰(wei)抚。抗於武略非(fei)所(suo)长,称疾(ji)逗留,不(bu)(bu)及(ji)贼而返。俄代(dai)王晙为(wei)御(yu)(yu)史(shi)大夫,兼按察京畿。弟拯方为(wei)万(wan)年令,兄弟领本(ben)部(bu),时以为(wei)荣。坐荐(jian)御(yu)(yu)史(shi)非(fei)其人,授安(an)州(zhou)(zhou)都督(du),改薄(bo)州(zhou)(zhou)刺史(shi)。入为(wei)大理(li)卿,进刑部(bu)尚书(shu),分掌吏(li)部(bu)选,卒。抗历职以清俭(jian),不(bu)(bu)治(zhi)产,及(ji)终无以葬,玄宗闻之,特给槥车。赠太子少傅,谥(shi)曰贞(zhen)。
所(suo)表(biao)奉天尉(wei)梁(liang)升卿(qing)、新丰尉(wei)王倕、华原尉(wei)王焘为僚属,后皆为显人。升卿(qing)涉学工(gong)书,於(wu)八分尤工(gong),历广(guang)州都督,书《东(dong)封朝觐碑》,为时(shi)绝(jue)笔(bi)。倕累迁河(he)西节度使,天宝中,功闻于边。它所(suo)辟(pi)举,如王缙、崔殷(yin)等,皆一时(shi)选云。
郭震,字元振,魏州(zhou)贵乡人,以字显。长(zhang)七尺(chi),美(mei)须髯(ran),少(shao)有大志。十(shi)(shi)六,与(yu)薛稷(ji)、赵彦昭同为太学生,家尝送资(zi)钱(qian)四十(shi)(shi)万,会(hui)有缞(cui)服者叩门(men),自言“五世未葬(zang),愿假以治丧(sang)”。元振举(ju)(ju)与(yu)之(zhi),无(wu)少(shao)吝,一不质(zhi)名(ming)氏。稷(ji)等(deng)叹骇。十(shi)(shi)八(ba)举(ju)(ju)进(jin)(jin)士,为通泉尉。任侠使气,拨去小节(jie),尝盗铸及掠卖(mai)部中口千余,以饷遗宾(bin)客,百姓厌苦。武(wu)后(hou)知所为,召欲(yu)诘,既与(yu)语,奇之(zhi),索所为文章,上《宝剑篇》,后(hou)览(lan)嘉(jia)叹,诏示学士李峤等(deng),即授右武(wu)卫铠曹参军(jun),进(jin)(jin)奉宸监丞。
会吐蕃乞和,其大将论钦陵请罢四镇兵(bing),披(pi)十姓之地,乃以元振充(chong)使,因(yin)觇虏情。还,上(shang)疏曰:
利(li)或生(sheng)害,害亦生(sheng)利(li)。国家所患(huan)(huan),唯吐(tu)蕃与(yu)默啜耳,今皆(jie)和(he)附(fu),是将大利(li)於(wu)中(zhong)国也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)图之不审(shen),害且随之。钦(qin)陵欲裂十(shi)姓(xing)地,解(jie)四镇兵,此动静之机,不可轻也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)直遏其意,恐边患(huan)(huan)必(bi)甚於(wu)前,宜以策(ce)缓之,使其和(he)望勿(wu)绝,而恶不得(de)萌,固当(dang)取(qu)舍(she)审(shen)也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)患(huan)(huan)在外者,十(shi)姓(xing)、四镇是也(ye)(ye);患(huan)(huan)在内者,甘、凉(liang)、瓜、肃(su)是也(ye)(ye)。关陇(long)屯戍(shu),向三(san)十(shi)年(nian),力(li)用困竭,脱(tuo)甘、凉(liang)有一日(ri)警,岂堪广调(diao)发耶(ye)?
善为国(guo)者,先料(liao)内以(yi)敌外,不(bu)贪外以(yi)害内,然后安平可(ke)保。钦(qin)陵以(yi)四镇近己,畏我(wo)侵(qin)(qin)掠,此(ci)吐(tu)蕃(fan)之(zhi)要(yao);然青(qing)(qing)海、吐(tu)浑密迩(er)兰(lan)、鄯,易(yi)为我(wo)患,亦国(guo)家之(zhi)要(yao)。今宜(yi)报钦(qin)陵曰(yue):“四镇本扼(e)诸(zhu)蕃(fan)走集,以(yi)分其力,使不(bu)得并兵东侵(qin)(qin)。今委(wei)之(zhi),则番力益强(qiang),易(yi)以(yi)扰动,保后无东意(yi)(yi),当在吐(tu)浑诸(zhu)部、青(qing)(qing)海故地归(gui)於我(wo),则俟斤部落还吐(tu)蕃(fan)矣。”此(ci)足杜钦(qin)陵口,而和(he)议未(wei)(wei)绝。且四镇久附(fu),其倚国(guo)之(zhi)心,岂(qi)与吐(tu)蕃(fan)等?今未(wei)(wei)知利害情(qing)实而分裂之(zhi),恐伤(shang)诸(zhu)国(guo)意(yi)(yi),非制(zhi)御之(zhi)算。
后从之。
又言(yan):“吐(tu)蕃(fan)倦(juan)徭戍久矣,咸愿解和;以钦陵欲(yu)裂四(si)镇,专制其(qi)(qi)国,故未归款(kuan)。陛(bi)下诚能(neng)(neng)岁发和亲使,而钦陵常不从,则(ze)其(qi)(qi)下必怨,设欲(yu)大举,固(gu)不能(neng)(neng),斯离(li)间(jian)之渐也。”后(hou)然其(qi)(qi)计。后(hou)数(shu)年,吐(tu)蕃(fan)君(jun)臣相猜携,卒(zu)诛钦陵,而其(qi)(qi)弟(di)赞(zan)婆等来(lai)降(jiang),因诏元(yuan)振与河源(yuan)军大使夫蒙令卿率骑往迎。授主客郎中(zhong)。
久之,突厥(jue)、吐蕃联兵寇(kou)凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou),后方御洛城(cheng)门宴,边遽至(zhi),因辍乐,拜(bai)元(yuan)振(zhen)为凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)都督,即遣(qian)之。初,州(zhou)(zhou)境轮广才(cai)四百里,虏来必傅城(cheng)下。元(yuan)振(zhen)始(shi)於南硖口置(zhi)和戎城(cheng),北碛置(zhi)白亭军,制(zhi)束要路,遂拓(tuo)境千五百里,自是州(zhou)(zhou)无虏忧。又遣(qian)甘州(zhou)(zhou)刺史李汉通(tong)辟屯田(tian),尽水陆之利,稻(dao)收(shou)丰(feng)衍(yan)。旧凉(liang)州(zhou)(zhou)粟斛(hu)售数千,至(zhi)是岁数登,至(zhi)匹缣易数十斛(hu),支廥十年,牛(niu)羊被(bei)野。治凉(liang)五岁,善抚御,夷(yi)夏畏慕,令(ling)行禁止,道(dao)不举遗(yi)。河西诸郡置(zhi)生祠,揭碑颂德。
神龙中,迁左(zuo)骁卫将军(jun)、安西大(da)都(dou)护。西突厥酋乌(wu)质勒部落盛强,款塞愿和,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)即牙帐(zhang)与计事。会大(da)雨雪,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)立不动,至夕冻冽;乌(wu)质勒已老,数拜伏,不胜寒,会罢即死。其子娑(suo)(suo)葛以元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)计杀其父,谋勒兵袭击(ji),副使解琬(wan)知之,劝元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)夜遁,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)不听,坚卧营(ying)为不疑者。明日,素(su)服往吊(diao),道逢娑(suo)(suo)葛兵,虏不意元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)来,遂(sui)不敢逼,扬言迎卫。进至其帐(zhang),修吊(diao)赠礼,哭甚哀,为留数十日助丧事,娑(suo)(suo)葛感(gan)义(yi),更遣(qian)使献马五千(qian)、驼二百、牛(niu)羊十余万。制诏元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)为金山道行军(jun)大(da)总管。
乌(wu)质勒(le)之(zhi)将阙(que)(que)啜忠节与娑葛(ge)交怨,屡相侵,而阙(que)(que)啜兵弱(ruo)不支。元振奏请(qing)追阙(que)(que)啜入(ru)宿卫,徙部(bu)落置瓜、沙间(jian)。诏许之(zhi)。阙(que)(que)啜遂行。至播仙(xian)城,遇经略使周(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)悌,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)悌说之(zhi)曰:“国家厚秩待君,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)落有兵故也。今(jin)独行入(ru)朝,一矰(zeng)旅胡人耳,何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自全?”乃教以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)重宝赂宰相,无入(ru)朝,请(qing)发安西兵导吐蕃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)击(ji)娑葛(ge);求阿史那献为(wei)可汗以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)招十姓;请(qing)郭虔(qian)使瓘拔汗那搜其铠马以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)助军,既(ji)得(de)复雠,部(bu)落更(geng)存。阙(que)(que)啜然之(zhi),即勒(le)兵击(ji)于阗(tian)坎城,下之(zhi)。因所获,遣人间(jian)道赍黄金分遗(yi)宗楚客、纪处讷,使就其谋(mou)。元振知之(zhi),上疏曰:
国(guo)家往(wang)(wang)不(bu)与吐(tu)蕃(fan)十(shi)姓(xing)、四(si)镇(zhen)而不(bu)扰边者,盖其诸(zhu)豪泥婆罗等属国(guo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)携贰(er),故赞普南(nan)征,身殒寇庭,国(guo)中大乱,嫡(di)庶竞立,将相(xiang)(xiang)争权,自(zi)(zi)(zi)相(xiang)(xiang)翦屠,士畜疲疠,财力(li)(li)困穷(qiong),顾人事、天(tian)时(shi)两不(bu)谐契(qi),所以(yi)(yi)屈志(zhi)於(wu)(wu)汉(han),非实忘十(shi)姓(xing)、四(si)镇(zhen)也。如其有(you)力(li)(li),后(hou)(hou)且(qie)必争。今忠节忽(hu)国(guo)家大计,欲(yu)(yu)为(wei)吐(tu)蕃(fan)乡(xiang)导(dao)主人,四(si)镇(zhen)危机恐(kong)从(cong)此启。吐(tu)蕃(fan)得志(zhi),忠节亦(yi)当在贼掌股(gu),若为(wei)复得事我(wo)哉?往(wang)(wang)吐(tu)蕃(fan)於(wu)(wu)国(guo)无(wu)有(you)恩(en)(en)力(li)(li),犹欲(yu)(yu)争十(shi)姓(xing)、四(si)镇(zhen);今若效力(li)(li)树恩(en)(en),则请(qing)分(fen)于阗、疏勒者,欲(yu)(yu)何(he)理抑之?且(qie)其国(guo)诸(zhu)蛮(man)及婆罗门方自(zi)(zi)(zi)嫌阻,藉令(ling)求(qiu)我(wo)助讨者,亦(yi)何(he)以(yi)(yi)拒之?是以(yi)(yi)古之贤(xian)人,不(bu)愿夷狄妄(wang)惠,非不(bu)欲(yu)(yu)其力(li)(li),惧(ju)后(hou)(hou)求(qiu)无(wu)厌,益生中国(guo)事也。臣愚以(yi)(yi)为(wei)用吐(tu)蕃(fan)之力(li)(li),不(bu)见其使(shi)。
又(you)(you)请阿(a)史(shi)那献(xian)(xian)者,岂非以(yi)可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)子孙(sun)(sun)能招(zhao)(zhao)绥(sui)十(shi)姓乎(hu)?且斛瑟(se)罗(luo)及怀道(dao)与献(xian)(xian)父元(yuan)庆、叔仆罗(luo)、兄俀(tui)子,俱可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)子孙(sun)(sun)也。往(wang)四镇以(yi)他匐十(shi)姓之乱,请元(yuan)庆为可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han),卒亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能招(zhao)(zhao)来,而(er)元(yuan)庆没贼,四镇沦(lun)陷。忠节亦(yi)尝(chang)请以(yi)斛瑟(se)罗(luo)及怀道(dao)为可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)矣,十(shi)姓未附(fu)而(er)碎叶(ye)几(ji)危。又(you)(you)吐蕃亦(yi)尝(chang)以(yi)俀(tui)子、仆罗(luo)并拔布为可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)矣,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)能得十(shi)姓而(er)皆自亡灭,此非它,其子孙(sun)(sun)无惠(hui)下(xia)之才,恩义(yi)素绝故也。岂止不(bu)(bu)能招(zhao)(zhao)怀,且复为四镇患,则册可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)子孙(sun)(sun)其效固试(shi)矣。献(xian)(xian)又(you)(you)远于(yu)其父兄,人心(xin)何(he)繇即附(fu),若兵力足取(qu)十(shi)姓,不(bu)(bu)必(bi)要须可(ke)(ke)汗(han)(han)(han)子孙(sun)(sun)也。
又请以(yi)郭虔(qian)(qian)瓘(guan)搜兵税(shui)马於拔汗(han)那。往虔(qian)(qian)瓘(guan)已尝与忠节擅(shan)入其国,臣(chen)时在疏勒,不闻得(de)一(yi)甲一(yi)马,而拔汗(han)那挟(xie)忿(fen)侵扰(rao),南导吐蕃。将(jiang)俀子(zi),以(yi)扰(rao)四(si)镇。且虔(qian)(qian)瓘(guan)往至拔汗(han)那国,四(si)面无(wu)助,若履虚邑,犹引(yin)俀子(zi)为敝(bi)。况(kuang)今北(bei)有(you)娑葛,知虔(qian)(qian)瓘(guan)之西,必引(yin)以(yi)相援,拔汗(han)那倚坚城而抗(kang)于内(nei),突(tu)厥邀伺(si)于外,虔(qian)(qian)瓘(guan)等岂(qi)能复(fu)如往年得(de)安易之幸哉?
疏奏不省。
楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)等因建遣摄御(yu)史中丞(cheng)冯嘉(jia)宾(bin)持节安(an)(an)(an)抚阙啜(chuo),以(yi)(yi)御(yu)史吕(lv)守(shou)(shou)素处置四镇(zhen),以(yi)(yi)牛师奖为安(an)(an)(an)西(xi)(xi)副都护(hu),代元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)领(ling)甘、凉兵(bing),召吐(tu)蕃并力击娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)。娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)使娑(suo)腊知楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)谋,驰报之(zhi)(zhi)。娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)怒(nu),即发兵(bing)出安(an)(an)(an)西(xi)(xi)、拨换、焉耆(qi)、疏勒各五千骑(qi)。於是阙啜(chuo)在计舒河与嘉(jia)宾(bin)会,娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)兵(bing)奄至,禽阙啜(chuo),杀嘉(jia)宾(bin),又杀吕(lv)守(shou)(shou)素於僻城(cheng)、牛师奖於火(huo)烧城(cheng),遂陷安(an)(an)(an)西(xi)(xi),四镇(zhen)路绝(jue)。元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)屯疏勒水(shui)上,未(wei)敢(gan)动(dong)。楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)复表(biao)周以(yi)(yi)悌(ti)代元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen),且(qie)以(yi)(yi)阿史那献为十(shi)姓可汗,置军焉耆(qi)以(yi)(yi)取娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)。娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)遗元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)书,且(qie)言:“无仇于唐(tang),而(er)楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)等受(shou)阙啜(chuo)金(jin),欲加兵(bing)击灭我,故惧死而(er)斗。且(qie)请斩楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)。”元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)奏其状。楚(chu)客(ke)(ke)大(da)怒(nu),诬元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)有异图(tu),召将罪之(zhi)(zhi)。元(yuan)(yuan)振(zhen)使子鸿间道(dao)奏乞留定西(xi)(xi)土,不敢(gan)归京师。以(yi)(yi)悌(ti)乃得罪,流(liu)白州,而(er)赦娑(suo)葛(ge)(ge)。
睿宗立,召为太(tai)仆卿。将行(xing),安(an)西酋长有(you)剺面(mian)哭(ku)送者,旌节下玉门关,去凉州犹八百里,城中(zhong)争(zheng)具壶浆欢迎(ying),都(dou)督嗟(jie)叹以闻。景云二年,进同中(zhong)书门下三品,迁吏部尚(shang)书,封馆陶县男。先(xian)天元年,为朔方军大总(zong)管(guan),筑丰(feng)安(an)、定(ding)远城,兵(bing)得保(bao)顿。明年,以兵(bing)部尚(shang)书复同中(zhong)书门下三品。
玄宗(zong)诛太平(ping)公主也,睿宗(zong)御(yu)承天门,诸(zhu)宰(zai)相走伏(fu)外(wai)省,独元(yuan)(yuan)振总兵扈帝,事(shi)定,宿(su)中书者(zhe)十四昔乃休(xiu)。进(jin)封代国公,实封四百户,赐(ci)一子官,物千段。俄(e)又兼(jian)御(yu)史大夫,复为(wei)朔方大总管,以备突厥(jue)。未行,会玄宗(zong)讲(jiang)武(wu)骊山,既三令,帝亲(qin)鼓(gu)之(zhi),元(yuan)(yuan)振遽奏(zou)礼止,帝怒军容不(bu)(bu)整,引坐(zuo)纛下,将(jiang)斩之(zhi)。刘幽(you)求、张说(shuo)扣马谏曰:“元(yuan)(yuan)振有(you)大功,虽得罪(zui),当宥。”乃赦死,流新州。开元(yuan)(yuan)元(yuan)(yuan)年,帝思旧功,起为(wei)饶(rao)州司马,怏(yang)(yang)怏(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)得志,道病卒,年五(wu)十八(ba)。十年,赠(zeng)太子少保。
元振(zhen)虽少雄(xiong)迈,及贵(gui),居处乃俭约,手不置书(shu),人莫见其喜愠(yun)。建宅(zhai)宣(xuan)阳里,未尝一至诸院厩。自(zi)朝还,对(dui)亲(qin)欣(xin)欣(xin),退就室,俨如也。距国初仕至宰相而亲(qin)具者,唯元振(zhen)云。
赞曰(yue):魏、韦皆(jie)感概而奋,似矣。及在惸上侧臣间(jian),临(lin)机会,不一引手揕奸邪之(zhi)谋,诚(cheng)可鄙(bi)哉(zai)。至牴后(hou)艳主以烝(zheng)谮撼宗社(she),亦(yi)不肯从也。古所谓(wei)具(ju)臣者(zhe),谅乎!元(yuan)振功(gong)显节完,一跌未复(fu),世恨其蚤殁云。
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