列传第三十四 崔杨(yang)窦宗祝王
崔义玄,贝州武城人。隋大业乱,往见李密,密不用。河内贼黄君汉为密守柏崖,义玄见群鼠度河,槊刃有华文,曰:“此王敦亡兆也。”因说君汉以城归,乃拜君汉怀州刺史、行军总管,以义玄为司马。王世充将高毘寇河内,义玄击走之,多下屯堡。君汉以所掠子女金帛分之,拒不受。以功封清丘县公。太宗讨世充,数用其谋。东都平,转隰州都督府长史。贞观初,历左司郎中,兼韩王府长史,与王友孟神庆志趣不同,而俱以介直任。
永徽中,累迁(qian)婺州刺(ci)史。时睦州女子陈硕真(zhen)(zhen)举兵(bing)(bing)(bing)反。始,硕真(zhen)(zhen)自(zi)言(yan)仙去(qu),与乡邻辞诀,或(huo)告其诈,已而捕得(de),诏(zhao)释不问。于是姻家章叔胤(yin)妄言(yan)硕真(zhen)(zhen)自(zi)天(tian)还,化为(wei)男子,能(neng)(neng)役(yi)使鬼物,转相荧惑(huo),用是能(neng)(neng)幻众(zhong)(zhong)。自(zi)称(cheng)文佳皇帝,以叔胤(yin)为(wei)仆射,破睦州,攻歙,残之,分(fen)遣其党(dang)围婺州。义(yi)玄发兵(bing)(bing)(bing)拒之,其徒(tu)争言(yan)硕真(zhen)(zhen)有神(shen)灵,犯其兵(bing)(bing)(bing)辄灭宗(zong),众(zhong)(zhong)凶惧不肯用。司功参军(jun)崔(cui)玄籍曰:“仗顺起兵(bing)(bing)(bing),犹无成;此乃妖人,势不持久(jiu)。”义(yi)玄乃署玄籍先锋,而自(zi)统(tong)众(zhong)(zhong)继之。至下淮戍,擒其谍(die)数(shu)十(shi)人。有星坠贼营,义(yi)玄曰:“贼必亡。”诘(jie)朝奋击,左右有以盾(dun)鄣(zhang)者,义(yi)玄曰:“刺(ci)史而有避(bi)邪(xie),谁肯死(si)?”敕去(qu)之。由是众(zhong)(zhong)为(wei)用,斩首数(shu)百级(ji),降其众(zhong)(zhong)万余。贼平,拜御史大夫。
义玄(xuan)有章(zhang)句学,先儒疑缪,或音故不通者,辄采诸家,条(tiao)分(fen)节解(jie),能是正之。高宗诏(zhao)与博士讨论《五经(jing)》义。
武氏(shi)为皇后(hou)(hou),义玄赞帝(di)决,又以后(hou)(hou)旨按长孙无忌等诛(zhu)之。终(zhong)蒲州(zhou)刺史,年七(qi)十一。赠幽州(zhou)都督,谥曰贞。后(hou)(hou)持政,赠扬(yang)州(zhou)大都督,赐其家(jia)实(shi)封户二百。
子神(shen)基袭爵。神(shen)基,长寿(shou)中(zhong),为司(si)宾卿、同凤阁鸾台平章事(shi)。为酷吏所构(gou),流岭南。中(zhong)宗初,稍用为大(da)理卿。
弟神(shen)(shen)庆,举明经,武后(hou)(hou)时,累迁莱(lai)州刺史。入朝,待(dai)制亿岁殿(dian),奏事称旨。后(hou)(hou)以历(li)官有(you)佳政(zheng),且其(qi)父于己有(you)功,擢拜并州长(zhang)史,谓曰:“并州,朕乡里,宿兵多,前长(zhang)史皆尚书为(wei)(wei)之,今授卿,宜知所以委重者。”乃亲为(wei)(wei)按行(xing)图,谋日而(er)遣。神(shen)(shen)庆始(shi)至,有(you)诏改钱币法,州县布下(xia),俄(e)而(er)物价(jia)踊昂(ang),百(bai)贾惊(jing)扰,神(shen)(shen)庆质其(qi)非(fei)于朝,果豪猾妄为(wei)(wei)之。后(hou)(hou)喜,下(xia)制褒美。初,州隔汾为(wei)(wei)东、西二城,神(shen)(shen)庆跨水联堞,合而(er)一之,省防御兵岁数千。神(shen)(shen)基既(ji)下(xia)狱,驰赴都告变,得召见,后(hou)(hou)出具狱示之,神(shen)(shen)庆为(wei)(wei)申理,得减死,然(ran)用是贬(bian)歙州司(si)马。
长安中,累转礼部侍郎(lang),数上(shang)疏陈(chen)时政(zheng)。转太(tai)(tai)子(zi)右庶(shu)子(zi),封魏县子(zi)。是时,突厥使者(zhe)入见,皇太(tai)(tai)子(zi)应朝,有司(si)移文东(dong)宫(gong)召太(tai)(tai)子(zi)。神庆谏曰:“五品(pin)以(yi)上(shang)佩龟者(zhe),盖防征(zheng)召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诈,内出龟以(yi)合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),况太(tai)(tai)子(zi)乎?古(gu)者(zhe)召太(tai)(tai)子(zi)用玉契,此(ci)诚重慎防萌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,不可不察。凡虑事(shi)于(yu)未萌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,故长无悔吝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎(jiu)。今太(tai)(tai)子(zi)与陛下异宫(gong),非(fei)朝朔望而别唤者(zhe),请(qing)降墨(mo)敕玉契。”诏可。寻诏与詹事(shi)祝钦明更日侍读(du)东(dong)宫(gong)。历司(si)刑卿,劾(he)张昌宗(zong)狱,颇(po)阔略不尽。神龙初,昌宗(zong)伏诛,坐流(liu)钦州,卒。五王得罪,缘(yuan)昌宗(zong)被流(liu)者(zhe)皆诏原(yuan)雪(xue),赠神庆幽州都督(du)。
神庆(qing)子琳(lin),明政事(shi),开元中(zhong)(zhong),与高仲舒(shu)同为中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)舍人。侍中(zhong)(zhong)宋璟亲礼之(zhi),每所访逮,尝曰:“古事(shi)问仲舒(shu),今事(shi)问琳(lin),尚(shang)何疑?”累(lei)迁太(tai)子少保。天宝(bao)二年卒,秘书(shu)监潘肃闻(wen)之(zhi),泫然(ran)曰:“古遗爱也(ye)!”琳(lin)长(zhang)子俨,谏(jian)议大(da)夫。
其群从(cong)数(shu)十人,自兴宁里谒(ye)大明宫,冠盖驺哄相望。每岁(sui)时(shi)宴(yan)于家,以(yi)一(yi)榻置笏,犹重积其上。琳(lin)与弟(di)太子(zi)(zi)詹事珪、光禄(lu)卿(qing)瑶俱列棨戟,世(shi)号“三戟崔家”。开元、天宝间,中(zhong)外宗属(shu)无缌麻丧(sang)。初,玄宗每命相,皆先书(shu)(shu)其名,一(yi)日(ri)书(shu)(shu)琳(lin)等名,覆以(yi)金瓯,会太子(zi)(zi)入,帝(di)谓曰:“此宰相名,若自意之(zhi)(zhi),谁乎?即中(zhong),且(qie)赐酒。”太子(zi)(zi)曰:“非崔琳(lin)、卢从(cong)愿乎?”帝(di)曰:“然(ran)。”赐太子(zi)(zi)酒。时(shi)两人有宰相望,帝(di)欲相之(zhi)(zhi)数(shu)矣,以(yi)族大,恐(kong)附(fu)离者众,卒不(bu)用。
杨再(zai)思,郑州原武(wu)人,第(di)明(ming)经,为人佞而智。初,调玄武(wu)尉,使至京师,舍逆旅,有(you)盗(dao)窃其衣囊,再(zai)思遇之,盗(dao)窘谢。再(zai)思曰:“而苦贫,故至此。囊中檄无所事,幸留,它物可持去。””初不为人言,但假贷以还。累迁(qian)天官员(yuan)外郎,历(li)左(zuo)肃政御史(shi)中丞。延(yan)载(zai)初,擢鸾台侍郎、同凤阁鸾台平章事,加兼左(zuo)肃政御史(shi)大夫,封郑县侯,迁(qian)内(nei)史(shi)。
居(ju)宰(zai)相十余(yu)年,阿匼取容,无所荐(jian)达。人(ren)主所不喜(xi),毁之;所善,誉之。畏慎足(zu)恭,未尝忤(wu)物(wu)。或曰:“公位尊,何自屈(qu)折?”答曰:“世路孔艰(jian),直者先祸。不尔,岂全吾躯?”于(yu)(yu)时水(shui)沴,闭坊门(men)以禳。再思(si)入朝,有车(che)陷于(yu)(yu)泞,叱(chi)牛(niu)不前,恚曰:“痴宰(zai)相不能和(he)阴阳,而闭坊门(men),遣我艰(jian)于(yu)(yu)行!”再思(si)遣吏(li)谓曰:“汝牛(niu)自弱,不得独责宰(zai)相。”
张昌(chang)(chang)宗坐事,司刑少卿桓(huan)彦(yan)范(fan)劾免其官,昌(chang)(chang)宗诉诸朝,武后意申释之(zhi),问宰相:“昌(chang)(chang)宗于(yu)国有功乎?”再思曰(yue):“昌(chang)(chang)宗为陛下(xia)治(zhi)丹(dan),饵而(er)愈(yu),此为有功。”后悦,昌(chang)(chang)宗还官。自是(shi)天下(xia)贵(gui)彦(yan)范(fan),贱再思。左补阙戴令言赋“两脚狐(hu)”以讥之(zhi),再思怒,谪令言为长(zhang)社令,士(shi)愈(yu)蚩噪。
易之兄司礼少卿(qing)同(tong)休,请公卿(qing)宴其(qi)寺,酒酣,戏曰(yue):“公面似高丽。”再(zai)思欣然,翦谷缀巾上,反披(pi)紫(zi)袍,为高丽舞,举动合节(jie),满坐鄙笑。昌宗以姿貌亻幸,再(zai)思每(mei)曰(yue):“人言六郎似莲(lian)华,非也;正谓(wei)莲(lian)华似六郎耳(er)。”其(qi)巧(qiao)谀无耻类如(ru)此。俄检校右庶子。
中(zhong)(zhong)宗立,拜户部(bu)尚(shang)书、同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)书门下三(san)(san)品(pin)、京师留守,封弘农郡公,加兼扬州(zhou)长史,检校中(zhong)(zhong)书令(ling)。改侍(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),郑国公,赐实(shi)封户三(san)(san)百,为(wei)顺天皇(huang)后(hou)奉册使。武三(san)(san)思诬陷王同(tong)(tong)晈,再思与李峤(jiao)、韦(wei)巨源按(an)狱,希意抵同(tong)(tong)晈死,众以为(wei)冤。复拜中(zhong)(zhong)书令(ling),监(jian)修国史。迁尚(shang)书右仆射,仍同(tong)(tong)三(san)(san)品(pin)。卒,赠特进、并州(zhou)大(da)都(dou)督,陪葬乾(qian)陵,谥(shi)曰恭。
弟季昭,中茂(mao)才第,为(wei)殿中侍御史。武后诛驸马都尉薛绍,绍兄顗为(wei)齐州(zhou)刺(ci)史,命季昭按之,不得(de)反状,后怒,放于沙州(zhou)。赦还,为(wei)怀州(zhou)司马。
窦怀贞,字(zi)从一(yi),左相(xiang)德玄子。少诡激,衣(yi)服羸俭(jian),不为舆马(ma)豪侈事(shi)。仕累清河令,有治(zhi)状(zhuang)。后迁(qian)越州(zhou)都督、扬州(zhou)长史。
神(shen)龙中,进左御史大(da)夫兼检校雍州(zhou)长(zhang)史。会岁除,中宗(zong)夜宴近臣,谓(wei)(wei)曰:“闻卿丧妻,今欲继室(shi)可(ke)乎(hu)?”怀(huai)贞(zhen)唯唯。俄而(er)禁中宝扇鄣卫,有衣(yi)翟衣(yi)出(chu)者,已(yi)乃韦后乳(ru)媪王,所(suo)谓(wei)(wei)莒国(guo)(guo)夫人(ren)者,故(gu)蛮婢(bi)也(ye)。怀(huai)贞(zhen)纳(na)之不(bu)辞。又避(bi)后先讳(hui),而(er)以(yi)(yi)字(zi)称。世谓(wei)(wei)媪婿为(wei)阿(a)赩,怀(huai)贞(zhen)每谒见奏请,辄自(zi)署(shu)“皇后阿(a)赩”,而(er)人(ren)或(huo)谓(wei)(wei)为(wei)“国(guo)(guo)赩”,轩然(ran)不(bu)诉,以(yi)(yi)自(zi)媚于后。时政令多门,赤尉由墨制授御史者众,或(huo)戏(xi)曰:“尉入台多,而(er)县办(ban)否?”对曰:“办(ban)于异(yi)日(ri)。”问其故(gu),答曰:“佳吏(li)在,侥幸去,故(gu)办(ban)。”闻者皆笑。又附宗(zong)楚客(ke)、安(an)乐公主等以(yi)(yi)取贵位,为(wei)素议所(suo)斥,名(ming)称尽矣。韦后败,斩妻献(xian)其首,贬濠(hao)州(zhou)司马,再(zai)徙益州(zhou)长(zhang)史,乃复故(gu)名(ming)。
景云初,以殿(dian)中监召,阅月迁(qian)左(zuo)御(yu)史(shi)大(da)夫、同中书门(men)下平章事(shi),封(feng)中山县公(gong)(gong)。再(zai)迁(qian)侍中。方太平公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)干政,怀(huai)(huai)贞倾己附离,日(ri)视事(shi)退,辄诣主(zhu)第,刺取所欲。睿宗(zong)为(wei)金(jin)仙、玉真二公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)营观(guan),费钜万,谏(jian)者交疏不止,唯怀(huai)(huai)贞劝成之,躬护(hu)役作。族弟维鍌谏(jian)曰:“公(gong)(gong)位上(shang)衮,当思献可替否(fou)辅天子(zi)(zi),而计校(xiao)瓦木,杂厕(ce)工匠间,使(shi)海内(nei)何所瞻仰乎?”不答,督缮益急。时(shi)语曰:“前作后国(guo)赩,后为(wei)主(zhu)邑丞。”言事(shi)公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)如邑官属(shu)也。在位半岁,无(wu)(wu)所事(shi),帝引见承天门(men),切责(ze)之。俄与李日(ri)知、郭元振、张说皆罢。为(wei)左(zuo)御(yu)史(shi)大(da)夫。于时(shi),岁犯左(zuo)执法,术(shu)家又(you)言怀(huai)(huai)贞且有祸,大(da)惧,表请(qing)为(wei)安国(guo)寺(si)奴,不许。逾年,复同中书门(men)下三品,兼(jian)太子(zi)(zi)詹(zhan)事(shi),监修国(guo)史(shi)。又(you)以尚书右仆(pu)(pu)射兼(jian)御(yu)史(shi)大(da)夫,军(jun)国(guo)重事(shi)宜共(gong)平章。玄宗(zong)受内(nei)禅,进(jin)左(zuo)仆(pu)(pu)射,封(feng)魏国(guo)公(gong)(gong)。与太平公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)谋逆,既(ji)败,投(tou)水死(si),追戮其尸,改姓毒氏。然生(sheng)平所得俸禄,悉(xi)散亲族无(wu)(wu)留(liu)蓄,败时(shi),家惟(wei)粗米(mi)数石而已。
性谄(chan)诈,善谐结权(quan)贵,宦(huan)者用事(shi),尤所(suo)畏奉,或见无须(xu)者,误为之(zhi)(zhi)礼。监察御史魏(wei)传弓嫉中人(ren)辅信义(yi),欲劾(he)奏其奸(jian),怀贞曰:“是安乐所(suo)信任者,奈何绳之(zhi)(zhi)?”传弓曰:“王纲坏矣,正坐(zuo)此属。今日杀之(zhi)(zhi),明日诛,无所(suo)悔!”怀贞犹(you)固止之(zhi)(zhi)。传弓者,钜鹿人(ren),忠(zhong)謇士也(ye),终司农丞(cheng)。
怀贞从子兢,字思慎(shen),举明(ming)经,为(wei)英王府参(can)军、尚(shang)乘(cheng)直长。调郪令,修邮舍道(dao)路,设冠(guan)婚丧纪法,百(bai)姓德之。
宗楚(chu)客,字(zi)叔敖,其先南阳人。曾祖丕,后梁南弘农(nong)太守,梁亡入(ru)隋(sui),居河东之汾阴,故为蒲州人。父(fu)岌,仕魏王泰府(fu),与谢偃等撰(zhuan)《括地志》。
楚(chu)客,武后从姊子,长六尺八寸(cun),明皙(xi)美须髯。及(ji)进(jin)士第(di),累(lei)迁户部侍(shi)郎。兄秦客,垂拱中,劝武后革命(ming),进(jin)为(wei)(wei)内史,而弟(di)晋(jin)卿典(dian)羽林兵。后兄弟(di)并(bing)坐奸赃(zang)流(liu)岭外(wai)。岁余,秦客死,而楚(chu)客等还。俄检(jian)校夏官侍(shi)郎、同凤阁鸾(luan)台平章事。与(yu)武懿宗(zong)(zong)不协,会赐将(jiang)作材营第(di),僭侈过度,为(wei)(wei)懿宗(zong)(zong)所劾,自文昌左丞贬播州(zhou)(zhou)司马,晋(jin)卿流(liu)峰州(zhou)(zhou)。稍为(wei)(wei)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)长史,迁少府少监、岐陕二州(zhou)(zhou)刺史。久之(zhi),复以夏官侍(shi)郎同凤阁鸾(luan)台平章事。坐聘邵王妓(ji),贬原州(zhou)(zhou)都(dou)督。
神龙(long)初,为(wei)(wei)太仆卿(qing)、郢国公。武三思(si)引(yin)为(wei)(wei)兵部尚书,以晋卿(qing)为(wei)(wei)将作大匠。节愍太子(zi)败,逃于鄠,被杀,殊其首(shou)祭三思(si)等(deng)柩,楚(chu)客请之(zhi)也。俄同中(zhong)书门下三品(pin)。韦后、安乐(le)公主亲赖之(zhi),与纪(ji)处讷为(wei)(wei)党,世号“宗纪(ji)”。
景龙(long)二年,诏(zhao)突厥娑葛(ge)为金河郡(jun)王,而其(qi)部阙啜忠(zhong)节赂楚客(ke)(ke)等罢之,娑葛(ge)怨,将(jiang)兵(bing)患边。监(jian)察(cha)御(yu)史崔琬廷奏(zou):“楚客(ke)(ke)、处讷(ne)(ne)专(zhuan)威福,有(you)无君(jun)心(xin),纳境外交,为国(guo)取怨;晋(jin)卿专(zhuan)徇(xun)赃私(si),骄恣跋扈(hu)。并请收付狱,三司推鞫。”故事(shi),大臣(chen)为御(yu)史对仗弹劾,必(bi)趋出(chu),立朝堂待罪。楚客(ke)(ke)乃厉色大言(yan):“性忠(zhong)鲠,为琬诬(wu)诋。”中宗不能穷也,诏(zhao)琬与楚客(ke)(ke)、处讷(ne)(ne)约兄弟两解之,故世(shi)谓帝为“和事(shi)天子”。寻迁中书令。韦(wei)氏败,与晋(jin)卿同诛(zhu)。
楚客(ke)性明达(da)。武后(hou)时,降突(tu)厥沓实(shi)力吐(tu)敦(dun)者(zhe),部落在(zai)平夏(xia)。会边书至,言吐(tu)敦(dun)反,楚客(ke)为(wei)兵部员(yuan)外(wai)郎(lang),后(hou)召问(wen)方略,对曰(yue)(yue):“吐(tu)敦(dun)者(zhe),臣昔与之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,其(qi)为(wei)人忠(zhong)义和(he)厚(hou),且国家与有恩(en)必不(bu)反。其(qi)兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)默(mo)(mo)子(zi)者(zhe),狡悍,与吐(tu)敦(dun)不(bu)和(he),今(jin)言叛,疑默(mo)(mo)子(zi)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)无能为(wei)。”俄(e)而(er)(er)夏(xia)州(zhou)表默(mo)(mo)子(zi)劫部落北奔,为(wei)州(zhou)兵及吐(tu)敦(dun)所擒。后(hou)张仁亶(dan)请筑(zhu)三城,议者(zhe)或不(bu)同,独楚客(ke)言:“万世(shi)(shi)利也。”然(ran)冒于权利,尝讽右补阙赵廷(ting)禧陈符命以(yi)媚帝(di),曰(yue)(yue):“唐(tang)有天下,当(dang)百(bai)世(shi)(shi)继(ji)周(zhou)(zhou),陛下承母禅,周(zhou)(zhou)、唐(tang)一(yi)统,其(qi)符兆有八(ba):天皇再以(yi)陛下为(wei)周(zhou)(zhou)王,是在(zai)唐(tang)兴(xing)周(zhou)(zhou),则(ze)天立(li)陛下为(wei)皇太(tai)子(zi),是在(zai)周(zhou)(zhou)兴(xing)唐(tang),一(yi)也;天后(hou)立(li)文王庙(miao),二(er)也;唐(tang)同泰《洛水图(tu)》云:‘永昌帝(di)业’,三也;谶曰(yue)(yue):‘百(bai)代不(bu)移宗(zong)’,四也;孔子(zi)曰(yue)(yue):‘百(bai)世(shi)(shi)继(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)’,五也;《桑条韦歌》,应(ying)二(er)圣在(zai)位九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)八(ba)年,而(er)(er)子(zi)孙(sun)相承九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)八(ba)世(shi)(shi),六也;乃二(er)月(yue)(yue)庆云五色,天应(ying)以(yi)和(he),七也;去六月(yue)(yue)九(jiu)(jiu)日,内出(chu)瑞(rui)蒜(suan),八(ba)也。起则(ze)天为(wei)一(yi)世(shi)(shi),圣朝为(wei)二(er)世(shi)(shi),后(hou)子(zi)孙(sun)相承九(jiu)(jiu)十(shi)八(ba),其(qi)数正(zheng)满百(bai)世(shi)(shi),唐(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)历乃三千余(yu)年。”帝(di)大(da)喜,擢延禧谏议大(da)夫。识者(zhe)以(yi)楚客(ke)等欺神诬君,且有大(da)咎。又尝密语其(qi)党曰(yue)(yue):“始,吾在(zai)卑位,尤爱宰(zai)相;及居之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),又思天子(zi),南面(mian)一(yi)日足矣。”虽外(wai)附韦氏,而(er)(er)内畜逆谋,故卒以(yi)败。
晋卿髭貌(mao)雄伟,声(sheng)如钟。虽不学(xue),然性倜(ti)傥。垂拱后(hou),武后(hou)任之,宫苑、闲厩、内外众(zhong)作无不总(zong)。开(kai)中岳,造(zao)明堂(tang),铸九鼎,有力(li)焉。
纪处(chu)讷(ne)者,秦州上邽人。为人魁岸,髭长(zhang)数(shu)尺。其妻武三思妇之姊,纵使通三思,繇(zhou)是款昵,进为太(tai)府(fu)卿。神龙元年夏,大旱(han),谷价腾踊(yong),中宗召问所(suo)以(yi)救人者。三思知(zhi)之,阴(yin)讽太(tai)史迦叶志忠(zhong)奏“是夜摄提入太(tai)微,近帝坐(zuo),此天子与大臣接,有纳忠(zhong)之符”。帝信之,下诏褒(bao)美,赐处(chu)讷(ne)衣一(yi)副、彩六十段(duan)。与楚(chu)客并(bing)同三品,进侍中。后(hou)伏诛。
祝(zhu)钦(qin)明字文思(si),京兆(zhao)始(shi)平人。父綝(lin),字叔良,少通经,颇著书(shu)质诸(zhu)家疑异;门人张后胤既(ji)显宦,荐于朝,诏对策高第(di),终无极尉。
钦明(ming)擢明(ming)经,为(wei)东(dong)台典仪(yi)。永淳、天(tian)授间,又中英才杰出、业奥《六(liu)经》等科,拜著作郎,为(wei)太子(zi)(zi)率更令。中宗(zong)在(zai)东(dong)宫,钦明(ming)兼(jian)侍(shi)读,授太子(zi)(zi)经,兼(jian)弘文馆(guan)学士。中宗(zong)复位,擢国(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭酒(jiu)、同(tong)中书(shu)门下(xia)三品。进礼部尚书(shu),封鲁国(guo)公,食实封户三百。桓彦范、崔玄、袁恕(shu)巳,敬晖等皆(jie)从受《周官》大(da)义,朝廷尊之。以(yi)匿亲忌日(ri),为(wei)御史中丞萧(xiao)至忠所劾,贬申州(zhou)刺(ci)史。入为(wei)国(guo)子(zi)(zi)祭酒(jiu)。
景龙三年(nian),天子将郊,钦明与国(guo)子司业(ye)郭(guo)山恽阴(yin)迎韦(wei)后意,谬立议曰(yue):
《周官》天(tian)(tian)神(shen)曰(yue)(yue)祀(si),地(di)(di)(di)祗曰(yue)(yue)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),宗庙(miao)曰(yue)(yue)享。《大(da)宗伯》曰(yue)(yue):“祀(si)大(da)神(shen),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)祗,享大(da)鬼,王(wang)(wang)有(you)故(gu)不(bu)预,则摄而荐。追师掌(zhang)后(hou)(hou)首服(fu)(fu),以(yi)待(dai)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)。内司服(fu)(fu)掌(zhang)后(hou)(hou)六(liu)服(fu)(fu),祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)则供。又九嫔(pin),凡大(da)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si),后(hou)(hou)裸(luo)献则赞瑶爵。然则后(hou)(hou)当助(zhu)天(tian)(tian)子祀(si)天(tian)(tian)神(shen)、祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)只(zhi)。郑玄称:阙狄(di),后(hou)(hou)助(zhu)王(wang)(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)群小(xiao)祀(si)服(fu)(fu)。小(xiao)祀(si)尚(shang)助(zhu),况(kuang)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)哉?阙狄(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上,祎(yi)、礻俞、狄(di),三(san)(san)服(fu)(fu)皆(jie)以(yi)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),知(zhi)祎(yi)衣助(zhu)大(da)祀(si)也(ye)。王(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)二:曰(yue)(yue)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang)兗(yan)冕,先(xian)(xian)公(gong)冕。故(gu)后(hou)(hou)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),亦以(yi)祎(yi)衣祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)王(wang)(wang),礻俞狄(di)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)(xian)公(gong)。不(bu)言助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di),举此以(yi)明彼,反(fan)三(san)(san)隅也(ye)。《春秋(qiu)外(wai)传》:禘郊,天(tian)(tian)子亲(qin)(qin)射其牛,王(wang)(wang)后(hou)(hou)亲(qin)(qin)春其粢。”世妇(fu)诏(zhao)后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼事,不(bu)专主(zhu)宗庙(miao)。《祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)统》曰(yue)(yue):“祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)者,必(bi)夫(fu)妇(fu)亲(qin)(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),所(suo)以(yi)备内外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官。”哀公(gong)问(wen)孔子曰(yue)(yue):“冕而亲(qin)(qin)迎(ying),不(bu)已重乎?”答曰(yue)(yue):“合二姓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,以(yi)继先(xian)(xian)圣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),以(yi)为天(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)宗庙(miao)社稷主(zhu),君(jun)何(he)谓(wei)已重焉?”则知(zhi)后(hou)(hou)宜助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。臣请因经谊,制仪典(dian)。
帝(di)虽不睿,犹疑之,召礼官质(zhi)问(wen)。于是太常博(bo)士唐绍(shao)、蒋钦(qin)(qin)绪对:“钦(qin)(qin)明所引,皆宗庙礼,非祭(ji)天地者。周、隋而上(shang),无(wu)皇(huang)后助祭(ji)事。”帝(di)令宰(zai)相参订,绍(shao)、钦(qin)(qin)绪又引博(bo)士彭景直共议曰:
《周官》所云祀(si)(si)、祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、享(xiang)(xiang),皆(jie)互(hu)言(yan)(yan)。《典(dian)瑞》:“两圭以(yi)(yi)祀(si)(si)地(di)(di)(di)。”《司几(ji)筵(yan)》:“设祀(si)(si)先(xian)王(wang)昨(zuo)席。”《内(nei)宗(zong)》:“掌宗(zong)庙(miao)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)。传(chuan)曰:“圣(sheng)人为能飨帝。”“春秋祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),以(yi)(yi)时思之(zhi)(zhi)。”此祀(si)(si)天(tian)(tian)(tian)称(cheng)享(xiang)(xiang),享(xiang)(xiang)庙(miao)称(cheng)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)。礼(li)(li)家凡(fan)(fan)称(cheng)大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),不(bu)独主天(tian)(tian)(tian)。《爵人》:“大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),与(yu)量人受举(ju)斝之(zhi)(zhi)卒爵。”祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)祼(guan),则(ze)九(jiu)嫔赞瑶(yao)爵,容(rong)庙(miao)称(cheng)大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)也(ye)。钦(qin)明据《大宗(zong)伯》之(zhi)(zhi)职,以(yi)(yi)谓后有祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。按(an)经:“凡(fan)(fan)祀(si)(si)大神、祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)大祗(zhi)、享(xiang)(xiang)大鬼(gui),帅执(zhi)事而(er)卜(bu)宿,视涤濯,涖玉鬯,省(sheng)牲镬(huo),奉玉盥,制大号。若王(wang)不(bu)与(yu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),则(ze)摄(she)位。”自凡(fan)(fan)而(er)推,兼言(yan)(yan)王(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)宗(zong)庙(miao)也(ye)。下言(yan)(yan):“凡(fan)(fan)大祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si),王(wang)后不(bu)与(yu),则(ze)摄(she)而(er)荐。”直王(wang)后祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)庙(miao)一凡(fan)(fan)耳。若当(dang)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di),应不(bu)列(lie)重凡(fan)(fan)。且内(nei)宗(zong)、外宗(zong)所掌,皆(jie)佐王(wang)后庙(miao)荐,无(wu)佐祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)语。有如助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di),谁当(dang)赞佐者?是则(ze)摄(she)荐为宗(zong)庙(miao)明甚。内(nei)司服(fu)掌后祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)服(fu),无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)服(fu)。礼(li)(li)家说(shuo)曰:“后不(bu)助(zhu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)五岳(yue),故无(wu)具(ju)服(fu)。”又(you)言(yan)(yan):“后有五辂,以(yi)(yi)重翟从祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)先(xian)王(wang)先(xian)公,以(yi)(yi)厌翟从飨诸侯,以(yi)(yi)安车(che)朝夕见王(wang),以(yi)(yi)翟车(che)采桑,以(yi)(yi)辇车(che)游宴。”按(an)此,后无(wu)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)车(che)明甚。然(ran)后助(zhu)王(wang)祭(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di),古无(wu)闻(wen)焉。
时左仆(pu)射韦巨源助后掎(ji)掣帝,夺(duo)政事,即传钦明议,帝果(guo)用其言,以皇(huang)后为(wei)亚献(xian)。取大臣(chen)李峤等女为(wei)斋娘(niang),奉豆笾。礼成,诏斋娘(niang)有夫(fu)者悉进(jin)官。
初(chu),后(hou)属婚,上食禁中,帝(di)与(yu)群臣(chen)(chen)宴(yan),钦(qin)(qin)明(ming)(ming)自言能(neng)《八风舞》,帝(di)许之。钦(qin)(qin)明(ming)(ming)体(ti)肥丑(chou),据地摇头睆目(mu),左右顾眄,帝(di)大笑(xiao)。吏(li)部侍郎卢藏用(yong)叹曰:“是举(ju)《五经》扫地矣!”景云初(chu),侍御史(shi)倪若水劾奏:“钦(qin)(qin)明(ming)(ming)、山恽等腐(fu)儒无行,以谄佞乱常(chang)改作,百(bai)王所传,一朝(chao)惰放。今圣德(de)中兴,不(bu)宜使(shi)小(xiao)人在(zai)朝(chao),请(qing)斥远之,以肃具(ju)臣(chen)(chen)。”乃(nai)贬钦(qin)(qin)明(ming)(ming)饶州(zhou)刺史(shi),山恽括(kuo)州(zhou)刺史(shi)。钦(qin)(qin)明(ming)(ming)于《五经》为该淹,自见(jian)坐(zuo)不(bu)孝免,无以澡祓,乃(nai)阿附(fu)韦氏,图再(zai)用(yong),又坐(zuo)是见(jian)逐,诸(zhu)儒共羞之。后(hou)徙洪州(zhou)都督,入为崇文(wen)馆学(xue)士(shi),卒。
赞曰:“钦明以(yi)经授(shou)中(zhong)宗,为朝大(da)儒,乃诡圣僻说,引艳妻郊见上(shang)帝,腥德播闻,享(xiang)胙不终。盖与少正卯顺非而泽,庄周以(yi)诗书破冢者同科。独(du)保腰领(ling)死家箦(ze),宁不幸邪!后之(zhi)托(tuo)儒为奸者,可少戒(jie)云。
山(shan)恽(yun)(yun)者,河东人(ren)。善治《礼》。景龙中(zhong),累迁国子司业。帝昵宴近臣及修文(wen)学士,诏(zhao)遍为(wei)(wei)伎。工部尚书(shu)张锡为(wei)(wei)《谈(tan)容娘舞(wu)》,将(jiang)作大(da)匠宗(zong)晋卿为(wei)(wei)《浑脱舞(wu)》,左(zuo)卫将(jiang)军张洽为(wei)(wei)《黄麞舞(wu)》,给事中(zhong)李行(xing)言歌(ge)《贺车西河曲》,余臣各有所(suo)陈,皆(jie)鄙(bi)黩(du);而出恽(yun)(yun)奏:“我所(suo)习,惟知诵诗。”乃(nai)诵《鹿鸣(ming)》、《蟋蟀(shuai)》二篇,未毕,中(zhong)书(shu)令李峤以其(qi)近规讽,止之。帝嘉(jia)其(qi)直,下诏(zhao)褒(bao)咨,赐服一称。其(qi)后与钦明僻(pi)论阿世,不能终其(qi)守(shou)。久之,复拜(bai)国子司业。
王玙(yu)者,方(fang)庆(qing)六世(shi)孙(sun),少为(wei)礼家学(xue)。玄宗在位久,推崇老子(zi)道,好神仙事,广修祠祭,靡神不祈。玙(yu)上言,请筑坛东(dong)郊祀青帝,天子(zi)入其言,擢太常博士、侍御史,为(wei)祠祭使。玙(yu)专以(yi)祠解中帝意,有所禳祓,大(da)抵(di)类巫觋(xi)。汉(han)以(yi)来(lai)葬丧皆有瘗(yi)钱(qian),后(hou)世(shi)里俗稍以(yi)纸寓钱(qian)为(wei)鬼事,至是玙(yu)乃用之(zhi)。
肃宗立(li),累迁(qian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)常卿,又以(yi)祠(ci)祷见(jian)宠(chong)。乾元三年,拜蒲同(tong)绛等州节(jie)度(du)使(shi),俄(e)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)侍郎(lang)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)门下平章事(shi)。时大(da)兵后,天下愿(yuan)治,玙望轻,无(wu)它才,不(bu)(bu)为士议谐(xie)可,既(ji)骤得政(zheng),中(zhong)(zhong)外怅骇(hai)。乃奏(zou)置(zhi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)一坛,劝帝(di)身见(jian)九宫祠(ci)。帝(di)由是专意,它议不(bu)(bu)能(neng)夺。帝(di)尝不(bu)(bu)豫(yu),太(tai)(tai)(tai)卜建(jian)言祟(sui)在(zai)山(shan)川。玙遣女巫(wu)乘(cheng)传(chuan)分祷天下名山(shan)大(da)川,巫(wu)皆盛服,中(zhong)(zhong)人护领,所至干托州县,赂遗狼(lang)藉。时有一巫(wu)美(mei)而蛊,以(yi)恶少(shao)(shao)年数十自随,尤憸狡不(bu)(bu)法。驰入(ru)黄州,刺(ci)史左(zuo)震(zhen)晨至馆请(qing)事(shi),门鐍(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)启。震(zhen)怒,破(po)鐍(jue)(jue)入(ru),取巫(wu)斩廷(ting)下,悉诛所从少(shao)(shao)年,籍其赃得十余万,因遣还中(zhong)(zhong)人。既(ji)以(yi)闻(wen),玙不(bu)(bu)能(neng)诘,帝(di)亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)加罪。明(ming)年,罢(ba)玙为刑部尚书(shu),又出为淮南节(jie)度(du)使(shi),犹兼祠(ci)祭(ji)使(shi),徙浙(zhe)东。召入(ru),再迁(qian)太(tai)(tai)(tai)子少(shao)(shao)师。卒,赠开府仪同(tong)三司(si),谥曰简怀。
始,玙托(tuo)鬼(gui)神(shen)致(zhi)位(wei)将相,当时以(yi)(yi)(yi)左道(dao)(dao)(dao)进者纷纷出焉。李(li)国祯(zhen)者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)术士(shi)显,广德初,建言“唐家仙(xian)系,宜(yi)(yi)崇表福区,招致(zhi)神(shen)灵,请度昭(zhao)应南(nan)山作天(tian)(tian)(tian)华上(shang)宫(gong)、露台、大地(di)(di)(di)婆(po)父(fu)祠(ci),并三(san)(san)皇(huang)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)君、太古天(tian)(tian)(tian)皇(huang)、中古伏(fu)羲、女(nv)娲等各为(wei)(wei)堂皇(huang),给百(bai)户扫除(chu)”。又即(ji)义(yi)扶(fu)谷故湫(qiu)祠(ci)龙(long),置房(fang)宇。有(you)(you)诏从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),乃(nai)除(chu)地(di)(di)(di)课工(gong),方岁饥,人(ren)(ren)(ren)不堪命。昭(zhao)应令梁(liang)镇上(shang)疏切谏,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)七(qi)不可:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神(shen),推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊极者,扫地(di)(di)(di)可祭(ji),精意可享。今(jin)废先王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典(dian),为(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)祈福,福未(wei)至而人(ren)(ren)(ren)已困。又违神(shen)虐人(ren)(ren)(ren),何从而致(zhi)福邪?宗庙(miao)(miao)月无三(san)(san)祭(ji),此(ci)不宜(yi)(yi)然。婆(po)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鄙(bi)语(yu),不经见,若(ruo)为(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)(di)建祖庙(miao)(miao),上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)必贻向背之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)责。夫湫(qiu)者,龙(long)所托(tuo)耳,今(jin)湫(qiu)竭已久,龙(long)安(an)(an)所存(cun)?不宜(yi)(yi)崇去龙(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue),破生人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)产(chan)。若(ruo)三(san)(san)皇(huang)、五(wu)(wu)帝、道(dao)(dao)(dao)君等,两京及所都各有(you)(you)宫(gong)庙(miao)(miao),春(chun)秋彝飨,此(ci)复营造(zao),是谓渎神(shen)。夫休咎丰凶本于(yu)五(wu)(wu)事(shi),不在山川百(bai)神(shen)明矣。”即(ji)劾国祯(zhen)等“动众则(ze)(ze)(ze)得人(ren)(ren)(ren),兴(xing)工(gong)则(ze)(ze)(ze)获(huo)利,祭(ji)祀则(ze)(ze)(ze)受(shou)胙,主执则(ze)(ze)(ze)市权,营罔天(tian)(tian)(tian)听,负抱粢糈,道(dao)(dao)(dao)路相望,无时而息,人(ren)(ren)(ren)神(shen)胥怨,灾(zai)孽并至。臣昨受(shou)命,有(you)(you)所安(an)(an)辑,陛下(xia)许以(yi)(yi)(yi)权宜(yi)(yi),今(jin)所兴(xing)造(zao)臣谨(jin)以(yi)(yi)(yi)便宜(yi)(yi)悉停”。帝从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。镇忼慨有(you)(you)名士(shi)也(ye),仕至司门郎中。玙曾孙(sun)抟(tuan),别传。
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