志第十(shi)二 礼四之三
魏自太(tai)祖至于(yu)武泰帝,及太(tai)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)、皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)崩(beng),悉依(yi)汉(han)魏既葬公除。唯高祖太(tai)和十(shi)四年文(wen)明太(tai)后(hou)(hou)崩(beng),将(jiang)营山陵。九月(yue),安(an)(an)定王(wang)(wang)(wang)休,齐郡王(wang)(wang)(wang)简,咸阳王(wang)(wang)(wang)禧,河(he)南王(wang)(wang)(wang)干,广陵王(wang)(wang)(wang)羽,颍川王(wang)(wang)(wang)雍,始(shi)平(ping)王(wang)(wang)(wang)勰,北(bei)海王(wang)(wang)(wang)详(xiang),侍(shi)中(zhong)、太(tai)尉、录尚(shang)书(shu)事(shi)(shi)、东阳王(wang)(wang)(wang)丕,侍(shi)中(zhong)、司徒、淮阳王(wang)(wang)(wang)尉元(yuan),侍(shi)中(zhong)、司空、长(zhang)乐(le)王(wang)(wang)(wang)穆亮,侍(shi)中(zhong)、尚(shang)书(shu)左仆(pu)射(she)、平(ping)原王(wang)(wang)(wang)陆叡等(deng),率(lv)百僚诣阙表曰:“上灵不(bu)吊,大(da)(da)行太(tai)皇(huang)太(tai)后(hou)(hou)崩(beng)背(bei),溥(pu)天(tian)(tian)率(lv)土,痛慕断绝。伏惟(wei)陛下孝思(si)烝(zheng)(zheng)烝(zheng)(zheng),攀号罔(wang)极。臣等(deng)闻先(xian)王(wang)(wang)(wang)制礼,必有(you)随世之(zhi)变;前贤(xian)创法(fa)。亦(yi)务适时之(zhi)宜(yi)。良(liang)以世代不(bu)同,古今异致(zhi)故也(ye)。三年之(zhi)丧,虽则自古,然(ran)中(zhong)代已(yi)后(hou)(hou),未之(zhi)能行。先(xian)朝(chao)成式,事(shi)(shi)在可准,圣后(hou)(hou)终(zhong)制,刊之(zhi)金册。伏惟(wei)陛下至孝发衷,哀(ai)毁(hui)过礼,欲依(yi)上古,丧终(zhong)三年。诚协大(da)(da)舜孝慕之(zhi)德,实非俯遵济世之(zhi)道(dao)。今虽中(zhong)夏穆清(qing),庶帮康静,然(ran)万机事(shi)(shi)殷,不(bu)可暂旷(kuang),春秋烝(zheng)(zheng)尝,事(shi)(shi)难废阙。伏愿天(tian)(tian)鉴,抑(yi)至孝之(zhi)深诚,副亿兆之(zhi)企望,丧期礼数,一从终(zhong)制,则天(tian)(tian)下幸甚。日月(yue)有(you)期,山陵将(jiang)就,请展(zhan)安(an)(an)兆域,以备奉终(zhong)之(zhi)礼。”诏曰:“凶祸(huo)甫(fu)尔,未忍所请。”
休等又表(biao)曰:“臣等闻(wen)五帝已前,丧期无数,三代相因(yin),礼制(zhi)始(shi)立,名虽虚置(zhi),行之(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)寡。高宗徒有(you)谅暗之(zhi)(zhi)言,而(er)无可遵(zun)之(zhi)(zhi)式;康王既废(fei)初丧之(zhi)(zhi)仪,先行即(ji)(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)礼。于(yu)是无改之(zhi)(zhi)道或亏,三年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)丧有(you)缺。夫岂(qi)无至(zhi)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun),贤明之(zhi)(zhi)子?皆以(yi)(yi)理贵(gui)随(sui)时(shi),义存百(bai)姓。是以(yi)(yi)君(jun)薨而(er)即(ji)(ji)位(wei),不(bu)暇改年(nian);逾月而(er)即(ji)(ji)葬,岂(qi)待同(tong)轨;葬而(er)即(ji)(ji)吉(ji),不(bu)必(bi)终丧。此乃(nai)二汉(han)所以(yi)(yi)经纶治道,魏晋所以(yi)(yi)纲(gang)理政术(shu)。伏(fu)惟陛下以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)性,遭罔极(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)艰(jian),永(yong)慕崩号,哀(ai)过虞舜,诚是万古之(zhi)(zhi)高德(de),旷(kuang)世之(zhi)(zhi)绝(jue)轨。然天下至(zhi)广,万机至(zhi)殷,旷(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)一朝,庶政必(bi)滞(zhi)。又圣(sheng)后(hou)终制(zhi),已有(you)成典(dian),宗社废(fei)礼,其事(shi)尤大。伏(fu)愿天鉴,抑哀(ai)毁之(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)诚,思在予之(zhi)(zhi)深责,仰遵(zun)先志典(dian)册之(zhi)(zhi)文,俯哀(ai)百(bai)辟元(yuan)元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)。”诏曰:“自遭祸罚,慌惚如昨,奉侍梓宫,犹悕仿佛。山陵迁厝,所未忍闻(wen)。”
十月,休(xiu)等(deng)又表曰:“臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)频烦上闻(wen),仰(yang)申(shen)诚(cheng)欸,圣慕惟(wei)远,未垂(chui)(chui)(chui)昭(zhao)亮。伏(fu)读哀灼,忧心如(ru)焚。臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)闻(wen)承(cheng)乾统极者宜以济世(shi)为(wei)务,经纶天(tian)下者特以百姓为(wei)心。故万(wan)机在(zai)躬,周(zhou)康弗获申(shen)其(qi)(qi)慕;汉文作戒,孝景(jing)不得终其(qi)(qi)礼(li)。此乃(nai)先代(dai)之(zhi)成轨,近世(shi)所不易。伏(fu)惟(wei)太(tai)皇(huang)太(tai)后睿圣渊识,虑及(ji)始终,明诰垂(chui)(chui)(chui)于典策,遗训备于末命。聿(yu)修厥德,圣人所重;遵(zun)承(cheng)先式,臣(chen)(chen)子攸(you)尚。陛下虽欲终上达之(zhi)礼(li),其(qi)(qi)如(ru)黎元何?臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)不胜(sheng)忧惧之(zhi)诚(cheng),敢冒重陈(chen),乞垂(chui)(chui)(chui)听访,以副(fu)亿(yi)兆(zhao)之(zhi)望。”诏曰:“仰(yang)寻遗旨,俯闻(wen)所奏(zou),倍增号绝。山(shan)陵可依(yi)典册,如(ru)公卿所议。衰服之(zhi)宜,情所未忍,别当备叙在(zai)心。”
既葬(zang),休又表曰(yue):“奉被癸酉诏(zhao)书(shu),述(shu)遗诫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,昭违从之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),遵俭葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)式,称(cheng)孝(xiao)思(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)诚。伏读未(wei)周,悲感交切。日(ri)月有(you)期(qi),山(shan)陵(ling)即(ji)就,伏惟陛下(xia)永慕崩号,倍(bei)增摧绝。臣(chen)等具位在官,与(yu)国休戚,庇心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi),不(bu)敢(gan)不(bu)陈。咸以为(wei)天下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)尊,莫(mo)(mo)尊于王业;皇极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)重(zhong),莫(mo)(mo)重(zhong)于万(wan)几。至(zhi)尊,故不(bu)得以常礼(li)任巳;至(zhi)重(zhong),亦弗获以世(shi)典申情。是以二汉已(yi)降(jiang),逮于魏晋(jin),葬(zang)不(bu)过逾月,服不(bu)淹三旬。良(liang)以叔世(shi)事(shi)广,礼(li)随时变,不(bu)可以无为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于有(you)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辰(chen)。文(wen)质不(bu)同(tong),古今异制,其来久矣。自皇代(dai)革命,多历(li)年祀,四祖三宗(zong),相继(ji)纂业。上(shang)承数代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故实,俯副兆民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)企望,岂伊(yi)不(bu)怀,理(li)宜然也。文(wen)明太皇后钦明稽古,圣思(si)渊深(shen),所造终制,事(shi)合世(shi)典。送终之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)既明,遗诰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文(wen)载备(bei),奉而行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),足以垂风百王,轨仪万(wan)叶。陛下(xia)以至(zhi)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诚,哀(ai)毁(hui)过礼(li),三御不(bu)充半溢(yi),昼夜(ye)不(bu)释(shi)绖带(dai),永思(si)缠(chan)绵,灭(mie)性几及。百姓(xing)所以忧(you)惧(ju)失(shi)守,臣(chen)等所以肝脑(nao)涂地。王者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊,躬行(xing)一日(ri),固可以感彻上(shang)灵,贯被幽显。况今山(shan)陵(ling)告终,百礼(li)咸毕,日(ri)已(yi)淹月,仍不(bu)卜练(lian),比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)世(shi),理(li)为(wei)过矣。愿陛下(xia)思(si)大孝(xiao)终始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi),愍(min)亿兆悲惶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),抑思(si)割哀(ai),遵奉终制,以时即(ji)吉,一日(ri)万(wan)机(ji),则天下(xia)蒙(meng)恩(en),率土仰赖(lai)。谨依前(qian)式,求(qiu)定练(lian)日(ri),以备(bei)祔禫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。”诏(zhao)曰(yue):“比当别叙在心(xin)。”
既而(er),帝引见(jian)(jian)太尉丕及群(qun)臣(chen)(chen)(chen)等(deng)于(yu)太和殿前(qian)(qian),哭拜(bai)尽哀,出幸思(si)贤门右,诏尚书李冲宣旨于(yu)王(wang)等(deng):“仰惟(wei)先(xian)后平(ping)日,近(jin)集群(qun)官,共论(lun)(lun)政治,平(ping)秩民(min)务。何图一旦(dan)祸(huo)酷(ku)奄钟,独(du)见(jian)(jian)公卿,言及丧(sang)事(shi)(shi),追惟(wei)荼毒,五(wu)内崩摧。”丕对(dui)曰(yue):“伏(fu)奉(feng)明诏,群(qun)情(qing)圮绝。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)与元等(deng)不(bu)识古(gu)义,以(yi)老(lao)(lao)朽之年,历奉(feng)累圣(sheng),国家旧事(shi)(shi),颇所(suo)(suo)(suo)知(zhi)闻(wen)。伏(fu)惟(wei)远祖重光世(shi)(shi)袭,至有大讳之日,唯侍送梓宫(gong)者(zhe)凶服,左右尽皆从吉。四祖三宗,因而(er)无(wu)改(gai)。世(shi)(shi)祖、高(gao)宗臣(chen)(chen)(chen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)目见(jian)(jian)。唯先(xian)帝升遐,臣(chen)(chen)(chen)受任长安,不(bu)在(zai)侍送之列,窃闻(wen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)传,无(wu)异前(qian)(qian)式。伏(fu)惟(wei)陛下以(yi)至孝之性,哀毁(hui)过礼(li),伏(fu)闻(wen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)御三食,不(bu)满半溢。臣(chen)(chen)(chen)等(deng)叩心绝气,坐(zuo)不(bu)安席。愿(yuan)暂(zan)抑(yi)至慕(mu)之情(qing),遵先(xian)朝成事(shi)(shi),思(si)金册遗令,奉(feng)行(xing)前(qian)(qian)式,无(wu)失旧典。”诏曰(yue):“追惟(wei)慈恩(en),昊天罔极,哀毁(hui)常事(shi)(shi),岂足关言。既不(bu)能待(dai)没,而(er)朝夕(xi)食粥,粗亦支(zhi)任,二公何足以(yi)至忧怖。所(suo)(suo)(suo)奏先(xian)朝成事(shi)(shi),亦所(suo)(suo)(suo)具闻(wen)。祖宗情(qing)专武略,未修文教。朕今仰禀圣(sheng)训,庶习古(gu)道(dao),论(lun)(lun)时(shi)比事(shi)(shi),又与先(xian)世(shi)(shi)不(bu)同。太尉等(deng)国老(lao)(lao),政之所(suo)(suo)(suo)寄,于(yu)典记旧式,或所(suo)(suo)(suo)未悉,且可知(zhi)朕大意(yi)。其余丧(sang)礼(li)之仪,古(gu)今异同,汉魏成事(shi)(shi)及先(xian)儒所(suo)(suo)(suo)论(lun)(lun),朕虽在(zai)衰服之中(zhong),以(yi)丧(sang)礼(li)事(shi)(shi)重,情(qing)在(zai)必行(xing),故(gu)暂(zan)抑(yi)哀慕(mu),躬自寻览(lan)。今且以(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)怀,别问尚书游明根、高(gao)闾等(deng),公且可听之。”
高祖谓明根曰:“朕丁罹酷罚,日月推移(yi),山陵(ling)已过,公卿又(you)依金册(ce),据案(an)魏晋,请除衰服(fu)。重闻(wen)所奏,倍(bei)增号哽。前者(zhe)事(shi)逼山陵(ling),哀疚(jiu)顿敝,未(wei)得论叙,今故相引,欲(yu)具通(tong)所怀。卿前所表,除释衰麻,闻(wen)之实用悲(bei)恨。于时(shi)亲侍梓宫,匍(pu)匐(fu)筵(yan)几(ji),哀号痛慕,情未(wei)暂阕,而公卿何忍便有此言(yan)。
何于(yu)人情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不足!夫圣(sheng)人制卒哭(ku)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼,授练之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变,皆(jie)夺情以(yi)(yi)渐。又闻君(jun)(jun)子不夺人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,亦(yi)不可夺丧。今则旬日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,言及(ji)即吉,特成伤理。”明根对曰:“臣(chen)等伏寻金(jin)册(ce)遗旨,逾月而(er)葬(zang),葬(zang)而(er)即吉。故(gu)于(yu)卜葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu),因奏练除之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事,仰(yang)伤圣(sheng)心(xin),伏增(zeng)悲悚。”高祖曰:“卿等咸称三年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,虽则自古,然中(zhong)代以(yi)(yi)后(hou),未(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)行(xing)。朕谓中(zhong)代所以(yi)(yi)不遂三年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧,盖由(you)君(jun)(jun)上(shang)违世(shi),继主初(chu)立,故(gu)身(shen)袭兗冕,以(yi)(yi)行(xing)即位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。又从储宫(gong)而(er)登极者,君(jun)(jun)德未(wei)沇,臣(chen)义(yi)不洽,天下颙颙,未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)所傒。故(gu)颁备朝仪(yi),示皇极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊。及(ji)后(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)丧也(ye),因父在不遂,即生(sheng)惰易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,踵以(yi)(yi)为(wei)法。谅知(zhi)(zhi)敦厚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,不易遵也(ye)。朕少蒙(meng)鞠育,慈严兼至,臣(chen)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,君(jun)(jun)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,无不备诲。虽自蒙(meng)昧,粗解告旨,庶望量行(xing),以(yi)(yi)免(mian)咎戾。朕诚不德,在位过纪,虽未(wei)能(neng)恩洽四方(fang),化行(xing)万国,仰(yang)禀圣(sheng)训,足令(ling)亿兆知(zhi)(zhi)有君(jun)(jun)矣。于(yu)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日,而(er)不遂哀慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),使(shi)情礼俱损,丧纪圮坏者,深(shen)可痛恨。”
高闾对曰:“太古(gu)既远,事难袭用(yong),汉(han)魏以来(lai),据(ju)有成事。汉(han)文继高惠之(zhi)(zhi)踪,断狱(yu)四(si)百,几致(zhi)刑措(cuo),犹垂三(san)(san)旬之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)。孝景承平,遵(zun)而不(bu)变。以此言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)为即(ji)(ji)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)际,有所逼惧也。良是君人之(zhi)(zhi)道,理(li)自宜然。又(you)汉(han)称文景,虽非圣君,亦(yi)中代明(ming)主(zhu)。今遗册(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi),同于前式(shi)。伏愿陛下述(shu)遵(zun)遗令(ling),以副群(qun)(qun)庶之(zhi)(zhi)情。杜(du)预晋之(zhi)(zhi)硕学,论自古(gu)天(tian)子(zi)无有行(xing)三(san)(san)年之(zhi)(zhi)丧者(zhe)(zhe),以为汉(han)文之(zhi)(zhi)制,暗与(yu)(yu)古(gu)合。虽叔世(shi)所行(xing),事可(ke)(ke)承踵,是以臣(chen)等慺(lv)慺(lv)干谒(ye)。”高祖曰:“汉(han)魏之(zhi)(zhi)事,与(yu)(yu)今不(bu)同,备(bei)如向说(shuo)。孝景虽承升平之(zhi)(zhi)基,然由嫡子(zi)即(ji)(ji)位(wei),君德(de)未显,无异前古(gu)。又(you)父子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)亲,诚是天(tian)属之(zhi)(zhi)重,然圣母之(zhi)(zhi)德(de),昊(hao)天(tian)莫报,思(si)(si)自殒灭,岂(qi)从衰服(fu)而已。窃(qie)寻金册(ce)之(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi),所以告夺臣(chen)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)令(ling)早即(ji)(ji)吉(ji)者(zhe)(zhe),虑(lv)遗绝(jue)万机,荒(huang)废(fei)政(zheng)事。群(qun)(qun)臣(chen)所以慺(lv)慺(lv),亦(yi)惧机务之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)理(li)矣(yi)。令(ling)仰奉册(ce)令(ling),俯顺群(qun)(qun)心(xin),不(bu)敢暗默不(bu)言(yan),以荒(huang)庶政(zheng)。唯欲存衰麻,废(fei)吉(ji)礼(li),朔望(wang)尽哀,写泄悲慕,上无失导(dao)诲之(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi),下不(bu)乖众官所请(qing),情在可(ke)(ke)许,故专欲行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)。公卿宜审思(si)(si)朕(zhen)怀,不(bu)当(dang)固(gu)执。至如杜(du)预之(zhi)(zhi)论,虽暂适时事,于孺慕之(zhi)(zhi)君,谅(liang)暗之(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),盖亦(yi)诬矣(yi)。孔圣称‘丧与(yu)(yu)其(qi)易也宁戚’,而预于孝道简略,朕(zhen)无取焉。”
秘书丞李(li)彪对曰:“汉明德(de)(de)马(ma)后(hou),保养章帝,母(mu)子之(zhi)道,无(wu)可(ke)间然。及后(hou)之(zhi)崩,葬不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)淹旬(xun),寻以(yi)从吉。然汉章不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受讥(ji)(ji)于(yu)前(qian)代,明德(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)损名于(yu)往(wang)史。虽论功比德(de)(de),事有殊(shu)(shu)绝,然母(mu)子之(zhi)亲(qin),抑(yi)亦(yi)可(ke)拟(ni)。愿(yuan)陛(bi)下(xia)览(lan)前(qian)世之(zhi)成规,遵(zun)金册(ce)之(zhi)遗令,割哀从议(yi),以(yi)亲(qin)万机。斯诚(cheng)臣下(xia)至(zhi)心(xin),兆庶所(suo)(suo)愿(yuan)。”高祖曰:“既言事殊(shu)(shu),固不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜仰(yang)(yang)匹至(zhi)德(de)(de),复称孝(xiao)章从吉,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受讥(ji)(ji)前(qian)代。朕所(suo)(suo)以(yi)眷恋衰绖(die),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)从所(suo)(suo)议(yi)者,仰(yang)(yang)感(gan)慈恩,情不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能忍故也。盖闻(wen)孝(xiao)子之(zhi)居丧(sang),见美(mei)丽则(ze)感(gan)亲(qin),故释锦而服(fu)粗衰。内外相称,非虚加也。今者岂(qi)徒顾礼违(wei)议(yi),苟免嗤嫌而已(yi)。抑(yi)亦(yi)情发于(yu)衷,而欲肆之(zhi)于(yu)外。金册(ce)之(zhi)意,已(yi)具(ju)前(qian)答,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复重论。又卒日(ri)奉(feng)旨,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍片言。后(hou)事遂非,嘿嘿在(zai)念,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)显所(suo)(suo)怀(huai)。今奉(feng)终之(zhi)事,一以(yi)仰(yang)(yang)遵(zun)遗册(ce),于(yu)令不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)有乖。但(dan)痛慕之(zhi)心(xin),事系(xi)于(yu)予。虽无(wu)丁兰之(zhi)感(gan),庶圣灵不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夺至(zhi)愿(yuan),是(shi)以(yi)谓无(wu)违(wei)旨嫌。诸(zhu)公所(suo)(suo)表,称先朝成式(shi),事在(zai)可(ke)准。朕仰(yang)(yang)惟太(tai)祖龙飞九五,初(chu)定中原,及太(tai)宗(zong)承(cheng)基,世祖纂历,皆以(yi)四(si)方未(wei)(wei)一,群雄(xiong)竞起(qi),故锐意武(wu)功,未(wei)(wei)修文德(de)(de)。高宗(zong)、显祖亦(yi)心(xin)存武(wu)烈(lie),因循(xun)无(wu)改。朕承(cheng)累世之(zhi)资,仰(yang)(yang)圣善之(zhi)训,抚(fu)和(he)内外,上(shang)下(xia)辑(ji)谐。稽参(can)古式(shi),宪章旧(jiu)典,四(si)海移风,要荒革俗。仰(yang)(yang)遵(zun)明轨,庶无(wu)愆违(wei)。而方于(yu)祸酷之(zhi)辰,引末朝因循(xun)之(zhi)则(ze),以(yi)为前(qian)准,非是(shi)所(suo)(suo)喻(yu)。”
高(gao)闾对曰:“臣(chen)等以先朝所行,颇同魏晋(jin),又适於时,故敢仍(reng)请。”高(gao)祖曰:“卿等又称(cheng)今虽中夏穆(mu)清,庶邦康(kang)静,然万机(ji)事广,不可(ke)暂旷(kuang)。朕以卿苦见逼夺,情不自胜(sheng)。寻览丧(sang)仪,见前贤论者,称(cheng)卒(zu)哭之后,王(wang)者得理庶事。依据此文,又从(cong)遗(yi)册之旨(zhi),虽存衰服,不废万机(ji),无阙庶政,得展罔极之思,于情差申。”
高闾对曰(yue):“君不(bu)除服(fu)(fu)(fu)于(yu)(yu)上(shang),臣则释衰(shuai)于(yu)(yu)下(xia),从服(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义有(you)违,为(wei)(wei)臣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)不(bu)足。又亲御(yu)衰(shuai)麻,复听(ting)朝政(zheng),吉(ji)凶(xiong)事杂,臣窃为(wei)(wei)疑(yi)。”高祖曰(yue):“卿(qing)等犹以(yi)朕(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)除于(yu)(yu)上(shang),不(bu)忍专释于(yu)(yu)下(xia),奈何(he)(he)令朕(zhen)(zhen)独忍于(yu)(yu)亲旧!论云,王者不(bu)遂(sui)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)服(fu)(fu)(fu)者,屈己以(yi)宽(kuan)群下(xia)也(ye)(ye)。先后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抚群下(xia)也(ye)(ye),念(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若子,视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)犹伤。卿(qing)等哀慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思,既(ji)不(bu)求宽(kuan);朕(zhen)(zhen)欲(yu)尽罔(wang)极之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慕,何(he)(he)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)可?但逼遗(yi)册,不(bu)遂(sui)乃心。将欲(yu)居庐服(fu)(fu)(fu)衰(shuai),写朝夕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慕;升(sheng)堂袭素,理(li)日昃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤。使大政(zheng)不(bu)荒,哀情获(huo)遂(sui),吉(ji)不(bu)害于(yu)(yu)凶(xiong),凶(xiong)无(wu)妨于(yu)(yu)吉(ji)。以(yi)心处(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谓为(wei)(wei)可尔。遗(yi)旨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文,公卿(qing)所议,皆(jie)服(fu)(fu)(fu)终(zhong)三(san)(san)旬,释衰(shuai)袭吉(ji)。从此(ci)而行(xing),情实(shi)未(wei)忍;遂(sui)服(fu)(fu)(fu)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),重(zhong)违旨诰。今处(chu)二理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)际,唯望至(zhi)(zhi)期,使四气一周,寒暑代易。虽不(bu)尽三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,得一终(zhong)忌日,情结差申。案《礼》,卒哭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,将受(shou)变服(fu)(fu)(fu)。于(yu)(yu)朕(zhen)(zhen)受(shou)日,庶民及(ji)小官皆(jie)命即吉(ji)。内职(zhi)(zhi)羽林中郎已下(xia),虎贲郎已上(shang),及(ji)外职(zhi)(zhi)五品已上(shang)无(wu)衰(shuai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)者,素服(fu)(fu)(fu)以(yi)终(zhong)三(san)(san)月;内职(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)外臣衰(shuai)服(fu)(fu)(fu)者,变从练(lian)礼。外臣三(san)(san)月而除;诸王、三(san)(san)都(dou)、驸(fu)马及(ji)内职(zhi)(zhi),至(zhi)(zhi)来年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)三(san)(san)月晦(hui)朕(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)练(lian)也(ye)(ye),除凶(xiong)即吉(ji);侍臣君服(fu)(fu)(fu)斯服(fu)(fu)(fu),随朕(zhen)(zhen)所降(jiang)。此(ci)虽非旧式,推情即理(li),有(you)贵贱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差,远近之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)别。”
明根对曰:“圣慕深远,孝情弥至(zhi),臣等所(suo)奏,已不蒙许,愿得逾年即吉。既(ji)历冬(dong)正,岁序改易(yi),且(qie)足申至(zhi)慕之(zhi)(zhi)情,又近遗诰之(zhi)(zhi)意,何待期年。”高(gao)祖曰:“册旨速除之(zhi)(zhi)意,虑广及百官,久旷众(zhong)务。岂于朕一人,独有违夺?今既(ji)依次(ci)降(jiang)除,各不废王政,复何妨于事,而犹(you)夺期年之(zhi)(zhi)心。”
高闾对曰(yue):“昔王(wang)孙(sun)裸(luo)葬,士(shi)(shi)安(an)去棺,其(qi)子皆从而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)违,不(bu)(bu)为(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)孝。此虽贵贱非(fei)伦,事(shi)(shi)(shi)颇相似(si),臣敢借以(yi)为(wei)(wei)谕。今亲(qin)奉遗令,而(er)(er)有(you)所不(bu)(bu)从,臣等(deng)所以(yi)频烦于奏。”李彪亦曰(yue):“三年不(bu)(bu)改(gai)其(qi)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao),可谓大孝。今不(bu)(bu)遵册令,恐涉改(gai)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian)。”高祖曰(yue):“王(wang)孙(sun)、士(shi)(shi)安(an)皆诲子以(yi)俭,送终之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),及其(qi)遵也,岂异今日。改(gai)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)者(zhe),盖谓慢孝忘礼,肆情违度(du)。今梓宫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俭,玄房之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)约,明器帏(wei)帐(zhang),一无所陈。如斯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)(shi),卿等(deng)所悉。衰服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)告,乃至圣心卑(bei)己(ji)申下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,宁可苟顺(shun)冲约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨,而(er)(er)顿绝创(chuang)巨(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痛。纵有(you)所涉,甘(gan)受后代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讥,未忍今日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)。又表(biao)称春秋蒸尝,事(shi)(shi)(shi)难废阙。朕闻诸夫子,‘吾不(bu)(bu)与祭(ji),如不(bu)(bu)祭(ji)’。自先朝以(yi)来,有(you)司行事(shi)(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)必躬亲(qin),比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣言,于事(shi)(shi)(shi)殆阙。赖蒙慈训之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),自行致(zhi)敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼。今昊(hao)天降罚,殃祸(huo)上延,人神丧恃,幽显(xian)同切,想宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灵,亦辍歆祀(si)。脱行飨(xiang)荐,恐乖(guai)冥旨。仰思成(cheng)训,倍增痛绝。岂忍身(shen)袭兗冕,亲(qin)行吉(ji)事(shi)(shi)(shi)。”
高闾对曰(yue):“古者郊(jiao)天(tian),越绋行(xing)事(shi),宗庙(miao)之(zhi)重,次于郊(jiao)祀(si)。今山陵已毕,不可久废(fei)庙(miao)飨(xiang)。”高祖曰(yue):“祭(ji)祀(si)之(zhi)典,事(shi)由圣经,未忍之(zhi)心,具如前(qian)告。脱至庙(miao)庭,号慕自缠,终恐废(fei)礼。公卿如能(neng)独(du)行(xing),事(shi)在言外。”
李(li)彪曰(yue)(yue):“三(san)年不为(wei)礼(li)(li),礼(li)(li)必坏;三(san)年不为(wei)乐(le),乐(le)必崩。今欲(yu)废礼(li)(li)阙乐(le),臣等(deng)未敢。”高祖曰(yue)(yue):“此乃宰予不仁之(zhi)(zhi)说(shuo),己受责于孔子,不足复言(yan)。群官前表,称‘高宗徒有(you)谅(liang)暗之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),而(er)无(wu)可(ke)遵之(zhi)(zhi)式(shi)’。朕惟信暗默之(zhi)(zhi)难,周公礼(li)(li)制,自兹以降,莫(mo)能景行。言(yan)无(wu)可(ke)遵之(zhi)(zhi)式(shi),良可(ke)怪矣。复云,康王既废初丧之(zhi)(zhi)仪(yi),先行即位之(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。于是无(wu)改之(zhi)(zhi)道式(shi)亏(kui),三(san)年之(zhi)(zhi)丧有(you)缺。朕谓服美不安(an),先贤有(you)谕(yu);礼(li)(li)毕居丧,著在前典。或亏(kui)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),有(you)缺之(zhi)(zhi)义,深乖(guai)理衷。”
高(gao)(gao)闾对曰(yue)(yue):“臣(chen)等据(ju)案成事(shi)(shi),依附杜预(yu),多有(you)(you)未允。至(zhi)乃(nai)推校古(gu)今(jin),量考众(zhong)议,实如(ru)明旨(zhi)。臣(chen)等窃惟(wei)曾参匹夫,七日不食,夫子(zi)以(yi)(yi)为非(fei)礼(li)。及(ji)录其事(shi)(shi),唯书七日,不称(cheng)三(san)(san)(san)年,盖重其初慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。伏惟(wei)陛下(xia)以(yi)(yi)万(wan)乘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尊,不食竟于(yu)五日,既御则三(san)(san)(san)食不充半(ban)溢。臣(chen)等伏用悲惶,肝脑涂(tu)地。躬(gong)行一日,足以(yi)(yi)贯被幽显,岂(qi)宜(yi)衰服三(san)(san)(san)年,以(yi)(yi)旷机务。夫圣人制礼(li),不及(ji)者企而及(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),过之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者俯而就(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。伏愿陛下(xia)抑至(zhi)慕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情,俯就(jiu)典礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重,诚是臣(chen)等慺慺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿。”高(gao)(gao)祖曰(yue)(yue):“恩(en)隆德(de)厚,则思(si)恋自(zi)深,虽(sui)非(fei)至(zhi)情,由(you)(you)所(suo)(suo)感发。然曾参之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孝,旷代而有(you)(you),岂(qi)朕(zhen)今(jin)日所(suo)(suo)足论也。又前表,称(cheng)‘古(gu)者葬而即(ji)吉(ji),不必终(zhong)礼(li),此乃(nai)二(er)汉(han)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)经纶治(zhi)道,魏晋所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)纲理庶政(zheng)(zheng)’。朕(zhen)以(yi)(yi)为既葬即(ji)吉(ji),盖其季(ji)俗多乱,权宜(yi)救世耳,谅非(fei)光治(zhi)兴邦(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化。二(er)汉(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛,魏晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴,岂(qi)由(you)(you)简(jian)略丧礼(li),遗忘仁孝哉。公卿(qing)(qing)偏执(zhi)一隅,便请经治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要,皆在于(yu)斯,殆非(fei)义也。昔(xi)平日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),公卿(qing)(qing)每奏称(cheng)当今(jin)四海晏安(an),诸夏(xia)清泰,礼(li)乐(le)日新,政(zheng)(zheng)和民悦。踪(zong)侔(mou)轩(xuan)唐(tang),事(shi)(shi)等虞禹(yu),汉(han)魏已下(xia),固不足仰止(zhi)圣治(zhi)。及(ji)至(zhi)今(jin)日,便欲苦夺(duo)朕(zhen)志,使(shi)不逾(yu)于(yu)魏晋。如(ru)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,未解所(suo)(suo)由(you)(you)。昔(xi)文母上(shang)承圣主之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,下(xia)有(you)(you)贤子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化,唯助德(de)宣(xuan)政(zheng)(zheng),因风(feng)致穆(mu)而已。当今(jin)众(zhong)事(shi)(shi)草创,万(wan)务惟(wei)始,朕(zhen)以(yi)(yi)不德(de),冲年践祚。而圣母匡(kuang)训以(yi)(yi)义方(fang),诏(zhao)(zhao)诲以(yi)(yi)政(zheng)(zheng)事(shi)(shi),经纶内外,忧勤亿(yi)兆(zhao),使(shi)君(jun)臣(chen)协(xie)和,天下(xia)缉穆(mu)。上(shang)代以(yi)(yi)来,何(he)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),得以(yi)(yi)仰比(bi)?如(ru)有(you)(you)可拟(ni),则从众(zhong)议。尧(yao)虽(sui)弃子(zi)禅(shan)舜,而舜自(zi)有(you)(you)圣德(de),不假尧(yao)成。及(ji)其徂也,犹(you)四海遏密,终(zhong)于(yu)三(san)(san)(san)年。今(jin)慈育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),诏(zhao)(zhao)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de),寻(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旷代,未有(you)(you)匹拟(ni)。既受非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恩(en),宁(ning)忍(ren)从其常(chang)式。况未殊一时(shi),而公卿(qing)(qing)欲令(ling)即(ji)吉(ji)。冠冕黼黻(fu),行礼(li)庙庭;临轩(xuan)设(she)悬,飨会万(wan)国。寻(xun)事(shi)(shi)求(qiu)心(xin),实所(suo)(suo)未忍(ren)。”
高闾对曰:“臣(chen)等(deng)遵承册令,因循前典,惟愿除衰即吉,亲理(li)万机。至德所(suo)在(zai),陛下(xia)钦明稽(ji)古(gu),周览(lan)坟籍,孝(xiao)性发于(yu)圣(sheng)质(zhi),至情出于(yu)自然,斟酌古(gu)今,事(shi)非臣(chen)等(deng)所(suo)及。”李彪曰:“当今虽(sui)治风(feng)缉穆(mu),民(min)庶晏(yan)(yan)然。江(jiang)南有(you)未(wei)宾之吴,朔北有(you)不(bu)臣(chen)之虏,东西二(er)蕃(fan)虽(sui)文表称顺,情尚(shang)难测。是(shi)以臣(chen)等(deng)犹怀不(bu)虞之虑。”高祖曰:“鲁公带绖从师(shi),晋侯墨衰败寇(kou),往圣(sheng)无(wu)讥,前典所(suo)许。如(ru)有(you)不(bu)虞,虽(sui)越绋(fu)无(wu)嫌,而(er)况衰麻乎?岂可于(yu)晏(yan)(yan)安之辰,豫念(nian)戎旅(lv)之事(shi),以废丧纪哉!”
李彪对曰:“昔(xi)太伯父(fu)死适越,不失至(zhi)德之(zhi)(zhi)名。夫岂不怀,有由然也。伏愿抑至(zhi)慕(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),从遗告之(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)。臣(chen)闻知子(zi)莫若父(fu)母,圣后(hou)知陛(bi)(bi)下至(zhi)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)性也难夺,故豫造金册(ce),明著遗礼。今(jin)陛(bi)(bi)下孝(xiao)慕(mu)深远,果不可(ke)夺,臣(chen)等常辞,知何所(suo)启。”高祖曰:“太伯之(zhi)(zhi)言,有乖今(jin)事(shi),诸情备(bei)如前(qian)论,更不重(zhong)(zhong)叙(xu)古(gu)义。亦有称王者(zhe)除衰(shuai)而谅暗终丧者(zhe),若不许朕(zhen)衰(shuai),朕(zhen)则(ze)当除衰(shuai)暗默,委政(zheng)冢宰。二(er)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)中,惟公卿(qing)所(suo)择。”明根对曰:“陛(bi)(bi)下孝(xiao)侔(mou)高宗,慕(mu)同(tong)大舜,服(fu)衰(shuai)麻以申(shen)至(zhi)痛,理万机以从遗旨,兴旷世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)废礼,制一代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)高则(ze)。臣(chen)等伏寻渊默不言,则(ze)代(dai)政(zheng)将旷,仰顺圣慕(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),请从衰(shuai)服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)旨。”
东阳王丕(pi)曰:“臣与尉元,历事五帝(di),虽(sui)衰老(lao)无(wu)识,敢奏所闻。自圣世以(yi)来(lai),大讳之(zhi)(zhi)后三月,必须迎神于西,攘恶于北(bei),具行吉(ji)礼(li)。自皇始以(yi)来(lai),未之(zhi)(zhi)或易(yi)。”高祖曰:“太尉国老(lao),言先(xian)朝旧事,诚(cheng)如所陈。但聪明正直,唯德是依。若能以(yi)道,不召自至。苟失仁义,虽(sui)请弗(fu)来(lai)。大祸(huo)三月,而备(bei)行吉(ji)礼(li),深在难(nan)忍。纵即吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)后,犹(you)所不行,况数旬之(zhi)(zhi)中,而有(you)此理。恐是先(xian)朝万得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)失,未可(ke)以(yi)为(wei)常式(shi)。朕在不言之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),不应如此。但公卿(qing)执夺,朕情未忍从,遂成往复,追用(yong)悲绝。”上遂号恸,群官亦哭而辞出。
壬(ren)午诏曰:“公卿(qing)屡上(shang)(shang)启(qi)事,依(yi)(yi)据金册遗(yi)旨,中代成式(shi),求过葬即吉(ji)。朕(zhen)仰惟恩重,不胜罔极之(zhi)痛(tong)。思遵远古(gu),终三年之(zhi)礼(li)。比见群(qun)官具论所怀,今依(yi)(yi)礼(li)既虞卒哭,克此月(yue)二(er)十日受(shou)服(fu),以葛(ge)易(yi)麻。既衰服(fu)在上(shang)(shang),公卿(qing)不得独释(shi)于下。故(gu)于朕(zhen)之(zhi)授(shou)变从练,已下复为节降。断度(du)今古(gu),以情制衷。但取遗(yi)旨速除之(zhi)一节,粗申臣子哀慕之(zhi)深情。欲令百官同知(zhi)此意,故(gu)用(yong)宣示(shi)。便及变礼(li),感痛(tong)弥深。”
十五年四(si)月癸亥朔,设荐于(yu)太和庙(miao)。是(shi)日(ri),高祖(zu)及从服(fu)者仍朝夕临,始进蔬(shu)食,上哀(ai)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)追感不(bu)饭。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中、南(nan)平王冯诞等谏,经宿乃(nai)膳。甲子(zi)罢朝,夕哭(ku)(ku)(ku)。九月丙戎,有司(si)上言(yan)求卜祥日(ri)。诏曰:“便及此(ci)期(qi),览以(yi)摧绝。敬(jing)祭卜祥,乃(nai)古之成典。但世失(shi)其义,筮日(ri)永吉,既乖敬(jing)事(shi)之志,又违永慕(mu)之心(xin)。今将(jiang)屈礼厉(li)众,不(bu)访龟兆。已企及此(ci)晦(hui),宁敢重违册旨,以(yi)异群(qun)议。寻惟永往,言(yan)增崩裂。”丁亥,高祖(zu)宿于(yu)庙(miao)。至夜一刻,引诸王、三都(dou)大官、驸马、三公、令(ling)(ling)仆已下(xia),奏事(shi)中散(san)已上,及刺(ci)史、镇将(jiang),立哭(ku)(ku)(ku)于(yu)庙(miao)庭,三公、令(ling)(ling)仆升庙(miao)。既出(chu)(chu),监御(yu)令(ling)(ling)陈服(fu)笥于(yu)庙(miao)陛南(nan),近侍(shi)(shi)(shi)者奉而(er)升列于(yu)垩室前席。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中、南(nan)平王冯诞跽奏请易服(fu),进缟冠(guan)(guan)、皁(zao)朝服(fu)、革带、黑屦,侍(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen)各易以(yi)黑介帻、白绢单衣、革带、乌履,遂哀(ai)哭(ku)(ku)(ku)至乙夜,尽戊子(zi)。质明荐羞,奏事(shi)中散(san)已上,冠(guan)(guan)服(fu)如侍(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen),刺(ci)史已下(xia)无变。高祖(zu)荐酌,神部尚书王谌赞祝(zhu)讫,哭(ku)(ku)(ku)拜遂出(chu)(chu)。有司(si)阳祥服(fu)如前。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)中跽奏,请易祭服(fu),进缟冠(guan)(guan)素纰(pi)、白布深衣、麻(ma)绳履。侍(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen)去帻易幍,群(qun)官易服(fu)如侍(shi)(shi)(shi)臣(chen),又引入如前。仪曹尚书游明根升庙(miao)跽慰(wei),复(fu)位哭(ku)(ku)(ku),遂出(chu)(chu)。引太守外臣(chen)及诸部渠帅入哭(ku)(ku)(ku),次(ci)引萧赜使并杂客入。至甲夜四(si)刻,侍(shi)(shi)(shi)御(yu)、散(san)骑常侍(shi)(shi)(shi)、司(si)卫监以(yi)上升庙(miao)哭(ku)(ku)(ku),既而(er)出(chu)(chu)。帝出(chu)(chu)庙(miao),停立哀(ai)哭(ku)(ku)(ku),久而(er)乃(nai)还。
十月(yue),太尉(wei)丕奏曰:“窃闻(wen)太庙已(yi)就,明(ming)堂功毕(bi),然(ran)享祀之(zhi)礼,不可久旷。至(zhi)于(yu)移庙之(zhi)日,须得国之(zhi)大姓(xing),迁(qian)(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)安庙。神部尚(shang)书王(wang)谌(chen)既是庶姓(xing),不宜参豫。臣昔(xi)以皇室宗属,迁(qian)(qian)世祖之(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)。先朝旧式,不敢(gan)不闻(wen)。”诏曰:“具闻(wen)所奏,寻惟(wei)平日,倍增痛(tong)绝(jue)。今(jin)遵(zun)述先旨,营建寝庙,既而粗就。先王(wang)制(zhi)礼,职司有分(fen)。移庙之(zhi)日,迁(qian)(qian)奉神主(zhu)(zhu),皆太尉(wei)之(zhi)事,朕亦亲自行事,不得越(yue)局,专委大姓(xing)。王(wang)谌(chen)所司,惟(wei)赞板而已(yi)。时(shi)运流速(su),奄及缟制(zhi),复(fu)不得哀哭于(yu)明(ming)堂,后当(dang)亲拜山陵(ling),写泄(xie)哀慕(mu)。”
是年(nian),高(gao)丽王死,十二月诏曰(yue):“高(gao)丽王琏(lian)守蕃东(dong)隅,累朝贡职,年(nian)逾期(qi)赜(ze),勤德弥著。今(jin)既不幸,其赴使(shi)垂(chui)至,将为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)举哀。而古者同姓哭(ku)庙,异姓随其方(fang),皆有服(fu)制。今(jin)既久废,不可(ke)卒为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai),且欲素委貌、白布深(shen)衣,于城东(dong)为(wei)尽一(yi)哀,以见其使(shi)也。朕(zhen)虽不尝识此人,甚悼惜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)。有司(si)可(ke)申敕备办。”事如(ru)别(bie)仪。
十(shi)六年(nian)九(jiu)月辛未,高祖(zu)哭于文(wen)明太后陵左,终日(ri)不绝声,幕(mu)越席为次,侍臣侍哭。壬(ren)申,高祖(zu)以忌日(ri)哭于陵左,哀至则哭,侍哭如昨。帝二日(ri)不御膳。癸酉,朝中夕三时,哭拜于陵前。夜宿监玄殿,是夜彻次。甲戌,帝拜哭辞陵,还永乐宫(gong)。
十九年,太师冯熙薨,有数子尚幼。议者以为童子之节,事降成人,谓为衰而不裳,免而不绖,又无腰麻缪垂,唯有绞带。时博士孙惠蔚上书言:“臣虽识谢古人,然微涉传记。近取诸身,远取诸礼,验情以求理,寻理以推制。窃谓童子在幼之仪,居丧之节,冠杖之制,有降成人。衰麻之服,略为不异。以《玉藻》二简,微足明之,曰:童子之节,锦绅并细。锦即大带,既有佩觿之革,又有锦纽之绅。此明童子虽幼,已备二带。以凶类吉,则腰绖存焉。又曰:童子无缌服。郑注曰:‘虽不服缌,犹免深衣。’是许其有裳,但不殊上下。又深衣之制,长幼俱服。童子为服之缌,犹免深衣,况居有服之斩,而反无裳乎?臣又闻先师旧说,童子常服类深衣,衰裳所施,理或取象。但典无成言,故未敢孤断,又曰:听事则不麻。则知不听事麻矣。故注曰:‘无麻往给事。’此明族人之丧,童子有事,贯绖带麻,执事不易,故暂听去之,以便其使。往则不麻,不往则绖。如使童子本自无麻,《礼》腰、首,听与不听,俱阙两绖,唯举无麻,足明不备,岂得言听事则不麻乎?以此论之,有绖明矣。且童子不杖不庐之节,理俭于责疑 ;不裳不绖之制,未睹其说。又臣窃解童子不衣裳之记,是有闻之言。将谓童子时甫稚龄,未就外傅,出则不交族人,内则事殊长者,馂旨父母之前,往来慈乳之手,故许其无裳,以便易之。若在志学之后,将冠之初,年居二九,质并成人,受道成均之学,释菜上庠之内,将命孔氏之门,执烛曾参之室,而唯有掩身之衣,无蔽下之裳,臣愚未之安矣。又女子未许嫁,二十则笄,观祭祀,纳酒浆,助奠庙堂之中,视礼至敬之处,其于婉容之服,宁无其备。以此推之,则男女虽幼,理应有裳。但男女未冠,礼谢三加,女子未出,衣殊狄禄。无名之服,礼文罕见。童子虽不当室,苟以成人之心,则许其人服缌之绖。轻犹有绖,斩重无麻,是为与轻而夺重,非《礼》之意,此臣之所以深疑也。又衰傍有衤任,以掩裳际,如使无裳,衤任便徒设,若复去衤任,衰又不备。设有齐斩之故,而便成童男女唯服无衤任之衰,去其裳绖,此必识礼之所不行,亦以明矣。若不行于己,而立制于人,是为违制以为法,从制以误人。恕礼而行,理将异此。”诏从其议。
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