列传(chuan)第(di)四十一 李孝伯 李冲(chong)
李孝伯,赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)郡人(ren)(ren)(ren)也,高平公顺(shun)从父弟。父曾(ceng),少治《郑氏礼》、《左(zuo)氏春秋》,以(yi)教授(shou)为业。郡三辟(pi)功曹(cao)不(bu)就,门人(ren)(ren)(ren)劝之(zhi)(zhi),曾(ceng)曰(yue):“功曹(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)职,虽曰(yue)乡选高第,犹(you)是郡吏(li)耳。北面事人(ren)(ren)(ren),亦何容易。”州(zhou)辟(pi)主簿,到官月余,乃叹曰(yue):“梁叔敬有云:州(zhou)郡之(zhi)(zhi)职,徒劳人(ren)(ren)(ren)耳。道之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)行(xing),身之(zhi)(zhi)忧也。”遂(sui)还家讲(jiang)授(shou)。太(tai)祖(zu)时,征(zheng)拜博(bo)士,出为赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)郡太(tai)守,令行(xing)禁(jin)止,劫盗奔窜(cuan)。太(tai)宗嘉之(zhi)(zhi)。并(bing)州(zhou)丁零(ling),数(shu)为山(shan)(shan)东(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)害,知曾(ceng)能(neng)得百(bai)姓死力,惮(dan)不(bu)入境。贼于常山(shan)(shan)界得一(yi)死鹿(lu),谓赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)郡地也,贼长责之(zhi)(zhi),还令送(song)鹿(lu)故处。邻郡为之(zhi)(zhi)谣曰(yue):“诈作赵(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)郡鹿(lu),犹(you)胜常山(shan)(shan)粟。”其见惮(dan)如此。卒,赠平南将军、荆州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)、柏仁(ren)子,谥曰(yue)懿。
孝伯少(shao)传父(fu)业(ye),博综群言。美风仪,动有法度。从兄顺(shun)言之于世祖,征为(wei)中散(san)。世祖见而异(yi)之,谓(wei)顺(shun)曰:“真卿家千里驹也。”迁(qian)秘书奏事(shi)中散(san),转侍郎、光禄大夫,赐爵南(nan)昌子,加(jia)建威(wei)将军,委以(yi)军国机密,甚(shen)见亲宠。谋谟切秘,时人莫能知也。迁(qian)北部(bu)尚(shang)书。以(yi)频从征伐规略之功,进爵寿光侯(hou),加(jia)建义将军。
真君末(mo),车驾(jia)南(nan)伐,将(jiang)出彭(peng)(peng)城。刘义(yi)(yi)隆(long)子安北将(jiang)军(jun)(jun)、徐(xu)州刺史(shi)、武(wu)陵王骏(jun),遣(qian)将(jiang)马(ma)文恭(gong)率(lv)(lv)步骑万余至萧城。前军(jun)(jun)击破之(zhi),文恭(gong)走(zou)免,执其(qi)队主蒯(kuai)应(ying)(ying)(ying)。义(yi)(yi)隆(long)闻大驾(jia)南(nan)巡,又遣(qian)其(qi)弟太尉、江夏(xia)王义(yi)(yi)恭(gong)率(lv)(lv)众赴彭(peng)(peng)城。世祖至彭(peng)(peng)城,登亚父冢以(yi)望城内(nei),遣(qian)送蒯(kuai)应(ying)(ying)(ying)至小市门宣世祖诏,劳问(wen)义(yi)(yi)恭(gong),并(bing)遣(qian)自陈萧城之(zhi)败。义(yi)(yi)恭(gong)等问(wen)应(ying)(ying)(ying):“魏帝自来(lai)(lai)以(yi)不(bu)?”应(ying)(ying)(ying)曰(yue):“自来(lai)(lai)。”又问(wen):“今在何处?”应(ying)(ying)(ying)曰(yue):“在城西南(nan)。”又问(wen):“士马(ma)多少?”应(ying)(ying)(ying)曰(yue):“中军(jun)(jun)四十(shi)余万。”骏(jun)遣(qian)人献酒二器、甘蔗百梃,并(bing)请(qing)骆驼。
世祖明旦复(fu)登亚父冢,遣(qian)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)至小(xiao)市,骏亦遣(qian)其长(zhang)史张(zhang)暢(chang)(chang)对孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)遥问暢(chang)(chang)姓(xing),暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“姓(xing)张(zhang)。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“是张(zhang)长(zhang)史也(ye)(ye)。”暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)何(he)得见(jian)识(shi)?”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“既涉此(ci)(ci)(ci)境(jing),何(he)容不悉。”暢(chang)(chang)问孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君(jun)(jun)(jun)复(fu)何(he)姓(xing)?居(ju)何(he)官也(ye)(ye)?”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我戎行一夫(fu),何(he)足(zu)致(zhi)(zhi)问。然(ran)足(zu)与君(jun)(jun)(jun)相(xiang)敌。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“主(zhu)上有(you)(you)(you)诏:‘太尉(wei)、安北(bei)(bei)可暂出门(men),欲与相(xiang)见(jian),朕亦不攻彭城(cheng),何(he)为(wei)(wei)劳苦将士(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)上严备?’今遣(qian)赐(ci)骆驼及貂裘(qiu)杂物。”暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“有(you)(you)(you)诏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,政(zheng)可施于(yu)(yu)彼国(guo),何(he)得称之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)?”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“卿家太尉(wei)、安北(bei)(bei),是人(ren)(ren)臣不?”暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“是也(ye)(ye)。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“我朝廷奄有(you)(you)(you)万国(guo),率土(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滨,莫敢不臣。纵为(wei)(wei)邻国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun),何(he)为(wei)(wei)不称诏于(yu)(yu)邻国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣?”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)又问暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“何(he)至忽遽(ju)杜(du)门(men)绝桥(qiao)?”暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“二王以(yi)(yi)魏帝壁(bi)垒未(wei)立,将士(shi)(shi)(shi)疲劳,此(ci)(ci)(ci)精甲十(shi)万,人(ren)(ren)思(si)(si)致(zhi)(zhi)命,恐(kong)轻(qing)相(xiang)凌践,故且闭(bi)城(cheng)耳(er)。待(dai)休息士(shi)(shi)(shi)马,然(ran)后共(gong)治(zhi)战场,克日交戏。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“令行禁止,主(zhu)将常事,宜当(dang)以(yi)(yi)法裁物,何(he)用废桥(qiao)杜(du)门(men)?穷(qiong)城(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,复(fu)何(he)以(yi)(yi)十(shi)万夸大?我亦有(you)(you)(you)良马百万,复(fu)可以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)相(xiang)矜。”暢(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王侯设(she)险,何(he)但法令而已也(ye)(ye)。我若夸君(jun)(jun)(jun),当(dang)言百万,所以(yi)(yi)言十(shi)万者(zhe)(zhe),正是二王左右素所畜养(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)耳(er)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)城(cheng)内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)数州士(shi)(shi)(shi)庶,工徒营(ying)伍犹(you)所未(wei)论(lun)。我本(ben)斗人(ren)(ren),不斗马足(zu)。且冀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)土(tu),马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所生,君(jun)(jun)(jun)复(fu)何(he)以(yi)(yi)逸(yi)足(zu)见(jian)夸也(ye)(ye)?”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“王侯设(she)险,诚(cheng)如来言,开闭(bi)有(you)(you)(you)常,何(he)为(wei)(wei)杜(du)塞?绝桥(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,义在何(he)也(ye)(ye)?此(ci)(ci)(ci)城(cheng)守君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所习,野(ye)战我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所长(zhang);我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恃(shi)马,犹(you)如君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恃(shi)城(cheng)耳(er)。”城(cheng)内(nei)有(you)(you)(you)具思(si)(si)者(zhe)(zhe),尝至京师,义恭遣(qian)视之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),思(si)(si)识(shi)是孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。思(si)(si)前问孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“李尚书(shu)行途有(you)(you)(you)劳。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)(ci)(ci)事应相(xiang)与共(gong)知(zhi)。”思(si)(si)答曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“缘(yuan)共(gong)知(zhi),所以(yi)(yi)仰劳。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“感君(jun)(jun)(jun)至意。”
既开门,暢(chang)(chang)(chang)屏人却仗,出(chu)(chu)受赐物。孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“诏(zhao)(zhao)以(yi)貂裘赐太(tai)(tai)尉,骆驼、骡(luo)、马赐安北(bei),蒲萄酒及诸食味(wei)当相(xiang)与同进。”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“二(er)王(wang)敬白(bai)(bai)(bai)魏帝,知(zhi)欲垂见,常(chang)愿面接,但受命本朝,忝居籓任,人臣无境外之(zhi)(zhi)交,故无容(rong)私(si)觌。”义恭献(xian)皮裤褶一具(ju),骏奉酒二(er)器、甘(gan)蔗百梃。孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“又有诏(zhao)(zhao):‘太(tai)(tai)尉、安北(bei),久(jiu)绝南(nan)(nan)信,殊(shu)当忧悒。若(ruo)欲遣(qian)信者(zhe),当为护送,脱(tuo)须骑(qi)者(zhe),亦当以(yi)马送之(zhi)(zhi)。’”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“此(ci)方(fang)间路甚多,使命日(ri)夕往复(fu)(fu),不(bu)复(fu)(fu)以(yi)此(ci)劳(lao)魏帝也。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“亦知(zhi)有水路,似为白(bai)(bai)(bai)贼(zei)所断(duan)。”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“君著白(bai)(bai)(bai)衣,称白(bai)(bai)(bai)贼(zei)也。”孝(xiao)伯大笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“今之(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)贼(zei),似异黄巾、赤眉。”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“黄巾、赤眉,不(bu)在江南(nan)(nan)。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“虽不(bu)在江南(nan)(nan),亦不(bu)离徐(xu)方(fang)也。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“向与安北(bei)相(xiang)闻,何以(yi)久(jiu)而(er)不(bu)报?”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“二(er)王(wang)贵(gui)远,启闻为难。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“周公握(wo)发吐(tu)饣甫,二(er)王(wang)何独贵(gui)远?”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“握(wo)发吐(tu)餐,不(bu)谓邻(lin)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)人也。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“本邦(bang)尚尔,邻(lin)国(guo)弥(mi)应尽恭。且宾(bin)至有礼,主(zhu)人宜以(yi)礼接。”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“昨见众宾(bin)至门,未为有礼。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“非是(shi)(shi)宾(bin)至无礼,直是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)人怱怱,无待宾(bin)调度耳。”孝(xiao)伯又言:“有诏(zhao)(zhao):‘程(cheng)天祚一介常(chang)人,诚(cheng)知(zhi)非江南(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)选,近于汝阳(yang),身被九枪(qiang),落(luo)在溵水,我使牵(qian)而(er)出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)。凡人骨肉(rou)分张,并思集(ji)聚,闻其弟(di)(di)在此(ci),如何不(bu)遣(qian)暂出(chu)(chu)?寻自令反(fan),岂复(fu)(fu)苟留一人。’”暢(chang)(chang)(chang)曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“知(zhi)欲程(cheng)天祚兄弟(di)(di)集(ji)聚,已勒遣(qian)之(zhi)(zhi),但其固辞(ci)不(bu)往。”孝(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue)(yue):“岂有子弟(di)(di)闻其父兄而(er)反(fan)不(bu)肯相(xiang)见,此(ci)便禽兽之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)若(ruo)。贵(gui)土风俗,何至如此(ci)?”
世祖又遣赐义(yi)恭、骏等(deng)氈各(ge)一(yi)领,盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)各(ge)九种(zhong),并胡豉。孝伯曰(yue):“有后(hou)诏:‘凡(fan)此诸盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),各(ge)有所宜。白盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)食盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),主上(shang)自食;黑盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)治(zhi)腹胀气(qi)满,末之六铢,以酒(jiu)而服;胡盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)治(zhi)目痛(tong);戎盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)治(zhi)诸疮;赤盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、驳盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臭盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、马齿盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四种(zhong),并非食盐(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。太尉、安(an)北何不(bu)(bu)(bu)遣人来至朕(zhen)间?彼此之情,虽不(bu)(bu)(bu)可尽,要复见朕(zhen)小大(da),知朕(zhen)老少,观朕(zhen)为人。’”暢(chang)曰(yue):“魏帝久为往(wang)来所具,李(li)尚书亲自衔命,不(bu)(bu)(bu)患彼此不(bu)(bu)(bu)尽,故不(bu)(bu)(bu)复遣信。”义(yi)恭献蜡烛十(shi)梃,骏献锦(jin)一(yi)匹。
孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“君南(nan)土士(shi)人(ren),何为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)著屩?君而著此(ci),将士(shi)云(yun)何?”暢曰(yue)(yue):“士(shi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),诚(cheng)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)愧。但以(yi)不(bu)武受(shou)命,统(tong)军(jun)(jun)戎(rong)陈(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),不(bu)容(rong)缓(huan)服。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“永昌(chang)王(wang)自(zi)顷恆镇长(zhang)安(an),今(jin)(jin)领(ling)精骑八万(wan)直造淮南(nan),寿春亦闭门自(zi)固,不(bu)敢相(xiang)御(yu)。向送刘康(kang)(kang)祖首(shou),彼之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)见王(wang)玄谟,甚是(shi)所(suo)(suo)悉,亦是(shi)常才耳(er)(er)。何意作如此(ci)任使(shi),以(yi)致奔(ben)败。自(zi)入(ru)境(jing)(jing)七(qi)百(bai)余里(li),主人(ren)竟不(bu)能(neng)一(yi)相(xiang)拒抗(kang)。邹山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)险(xian),彼之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)凭,前锋(feng)始(shi)(shi)得接(jie)手,崔(cui)(cui)邪(xie)利便(bian)尔入(ru)穴,将士(shi)倒曳出(chu)(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)。主上丐其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)命,今(jin)(jin)从在此(ci)。复(fu)何以(yi)轻(qing)(qing)脱,遣马(ma)文恭(gong)(gong)至萧县(xian)(xian),使(shi)望(wang)风退挠也。彼之(zhi)(zhi)民(min)人(ren),甚相(xiang)忿怨,言(yan)清平之(zhi)(zhi)时,赋我(wo)租帛,至有(you)(you)急难(nan),不(bu)能(neng)相(xiang)拯。”暢曰(yue)(yue):“知(zhi)永昌(chang)已过淮南(nan)。康(kang)(kang)祖为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)破,比有(you)(you)信使(shi),无此(ci)消息。王(wang)玄谟南(nan)土偏将,不(bu)谓为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)才,但以(yi)其(qi)(qi)北人(ren),故(gu)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)前驱引导耳(er)(er)。大(da)军(jun)(jun)未至,而河冰向合,玄谟量宜反旆,未为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)失(shi)算,但因夜回归,致戎(rong)马(ma)惊乱耳(er)(er)。我(wo)家悬瓠小城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),陈(chen)宪小将,魏(wei)帝(di)(di)倾(qing)国(guo)攻(gong)围,累旬不(bu)克。胡盛之(zhi)(zhi)偏裨小帅(shuai),众无三(san)旅(lv),始(shi)(shi)济(ji)翮水,魏(wei)国(guo)君臣奔(ben)散(san),仅得免脱。滑台之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi),无所(suo)(suo)多(duo)愧。邹山(shan)小戍,虽(sui)有(you)(you)微险(xian),河畔(pan)之(zhi)(zhi)民(min),多(duo)是(shi)新附,始(shi)(shi)慕政化(hua),奸盗未息,示使(shi)崔(cui)(cui)邪(xie)利抚之(zhi)(zhi)而已。今(jin)(jin)虽(sui)陷没(mei),何损(sun)于国(guo)。魏(wei)帝(di)(di)自(zi)以(yi)十万(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)师(shi)而制一(yi)崔(cui)(cui)邪(xie)利,乃复(fu)足言(yan)也?近闻(wen)萧县(xian)(xian)百(bai)姓并依(yi)山(shan)险(xian),聊(liao)遣马(ma)文恭(gong)(gong)以(yi)十队(dui)迎之(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)(er)。文恭(gong)(gong)前以(yi)三(san)队(dui)出(chu)(chu),还走彼大(da)营(ying)。嵇玄敬(jing)以(yi)百(bai)舸至留城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),魏(wei)军(jun)(jun)奔(ben)败。轻(qing)(qing)敌致此(ci),亦非(fei)所(suo)(suo)恤。王(wang)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)民(min),列(lie)居河畔(pan),二国(guo)交兵(bing),当互加(jia)抚养。而魏(wei)师(shi)入(ru)境(jing)(jing),事(shi)生(sheng)意外,官不(bu)负(fu)民(min),民(min)亦何怨。知(zhi)入(ru)境(jing)(jing)七(qi)百(bai)里(li),无相(xiang)捍拒,此(ci)自(zi)上由太尉神算,次在武陵(ling)圣略。军(jun)(jun)国(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)要(yao),虽(sui)不(bu)预闻(wen),然用兵(bing)有(you)(you)机(ji)间(jian),亦不(bu)容(rong)相(xiang)语。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“君藉此(ci)虚谈,支离相(xiang)对(dui),可谓遁(dun)辞知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)穷。且(qie)主上当不(bu)围此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),自(zi)率众军(jun)(jun)直造瓜步。南(nan)事(shi)若办,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)故(gu)不(bu)待攻(gong)围;南(nan)行不(bu)捷,彭城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亦非(fei)所(suo)(suo)欲(yu)也。我(wo)今(jin)(jin)当南(nan),欲(yu)饮马(ma)江湖(hu)耳(er)(er)。”暢曰(yue)(yue):“去留之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),自(zi)适彼怀。若魏(wei)帝(di)(di)遂得饮马(ma)长(zhang)江,便(bian)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)无复(fu)天道(dao)。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“自(zi)北而南(nan),实惟(wei)人(ren)化(hua)。饮马(ma)长(zhang)江,岂(qi)独天道(dao)?”暢将还城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),谓孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“冀荡定有(you)(you)期,相(xiang)见无远。君若得还宋朝,今(jin)(jin)为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)相(xiang)识之(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)。”孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)伯曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)(jin)当先(xian)至建业以(yi)待君耳(er)(er)。恐尔日君与(yu)二王(wang)面缚请罪,不(bu)暇为(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)容(rong)。”
孝(xiao)伯风容闲雅,应答如(ru)流,暢及左右甚相嗟叹。世祖大(da)喜(xi),进爵宣城公。
兴安(an)二年,出为(wei)使持节(jie)、散骑常侍、平西将(jiang)军(jun)、秦(qin)州刺史(shi)。太安(an)三年卒(zu),高宗甚悼(dao)惜之(zhi)。赠镇南大将(jiang)军(jun)、定州刺史(shi),谥曰文昭公(gong)。
孝(xiao)伯体度恢雅,明达政(zheng)事(shi),朝野贵贱,咸推重之(zhi)。恭(gong)宗曾启世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)广征俊(jun)秀,世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)曰:“朕(zhen)有(you)一孝(xiao)伯,足(zu)治天(tian)下,何(he)用多(duo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)?假(jia)复求访,此人(ren)辈(bei)亦(yi)何(he)可得(de)。”其见(jian)赏如此。性(xing)方慎忠厚,每(mei)朝廷大事(shi)有(you)不足(zu),必手自(zi)书表,切(qie)言(yan)(yan)陈谏;或(huo)不从者,至于(yu)再三。削灭(mie)稿草,家人(ren)不见(jian)。公庭论(lun)议,常引纲纪,或(huo)有(you)言(yan)(yan)事(shi)者,孝(xiao)伯恣其所陈,假(jia)有(you)是非,终(zhong)不抑折。及见(jian)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu),言(yan)(yan)其所长,初不隐人(ren)姓名以为(wei)(wei)(wei)己(ji)善。故衣冠之(zhi)士,服(fu)其雅正。自(zi)崔(cui)(cui)浩(hao)诛后,军国(guo)之(zhi)谋,咸出孝(xiao)伯。世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)宠眷有(you)亚于(yu)浩(hao),亦(yi)以宰辅(fu)遇之(zhi)。献替补阙,其迹不见(jian),时(shi)人(ren)莫得(de)而知(zhi)也(ye)。卒之(zhi)日,远近(jin)哀(ai)伤焉。孝(xiao)伯美名,闻于(yu)遐迩。李彪使于(yu)江南,萧赜谓之(zhi)曰:“孝(xiao)伯于(yu)卿远近(jin)?”其为(wei)(wei)(wei)远人(ren)所知(zhi)若此。孝(xiao)伯妻崔(cui)(cui)赜女,高明妇人(ren),生一子元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)显。崔(cui)(cui)氏(shi)(shi)卒后,纳翟(zhai)氏(shi)(shi),不以为(wei)(wei)(wei)妻也(ye)。憎忌元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)显,后遇劫,元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)显见(jian)害,世(shi)(shi)云翟(zhai)氏(shi)(shi)所为(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)。元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)显志气甚高,为(wei)(wei)(wei)时(shi)人(ren)所伤惜。翟(zhai)氏(shi)(shi)二子,安(an)民、安(an)上,并有(you)风度。
安(an)民(min),袭爵(jue)寿(shou)光(guang)侯,司(si)徒司(si)马。卒,赠郢州刺史。无子,爵(jue)除。
安上,钜鹿太守,亦早卒。
安(an)民弟豹(bao)子,正光(guang)三年上书曰:
窃惟(wei)庸勋赏劳(lao),有国恆典(dian);兴灭继绝(jue),哲后所先。是以(yi)积德累忠,《春(chun)秋》许(xu)宥十世(shi);立(li)功著节,河(he)山(shan)誓(shi)其永久(jiu)。伏惟(wei)世(shi)祖太武皇帝,英叡(rui)自天(tian),笼(long)罩日域;东(dong)清(qing)辽海(hai),西定玉门,凌灭漠北,饮马江(jiang)水。臣(chen)亡父故尚书、宣城公先臣(chen)孝伯,冥基感会,邀幸昌辰,绸缪帏幄,缱绻(quan)侍从,庙算嘉谋(mou),每蒙顾采(cai)。于(yu)时储后监国,奏请(qing)征贤,诏(zhao)报曰(yue):“朕有一孝伯,足(zu)以(yi)治(zhi)天(tian)下,何用多为?”其见委遇,乃至于(yu)此。是用宠以(yi)元、凯,爵以(yi)公侯,诏(zhao)册曰(yue):“江(jiang)阳之巡,奇谋(mou)屡(lv)进(jin);六师大(da)捷,亦有勋焉。”出内勤王,宠遇隆厚,方(fang)开(kai)大(da)赏,而(er)世(shi)祖登(deng)遐。梓(zi)宫始迁,外任名岳。高宗冲年纂运,未及追(zhui)叙。
臣(chen)(chen)行舛百(bai)灵,先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)弃世(shi),微(wei)绩(ji)未甄(zhen),诚志长夺,搢绅佥伤早世(shi),朝(chao)(chao)野咸(xian)哀不(bu)(bu)(bu)永。臣(chen)(chen)亡兄袭,无子封(feng)(feng)除。永惟(wei)(wei)宗构,五情崩圮(pi)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)荣宠前(qian)朝(chao)(chao),勋书(shu)(shu)(shu)王府,同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常伦,爵封(feng)(feng)堙坠。准古量今,实深荼(tu)苦。窃惟(wei)(wei)朝(chao)(chao)例(li):广川(chuan)王遵、太原公元大曹等,并以(yi)勋重先(xian)(xian)(xian)朝(chao)(chao),世(shi)绝继祀,或以(yi)傍亲,或听弟(di)袭,皆传(chuan)(chuan)河山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),垂(chui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赏(shang)。况先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)在蒙委任,运筹帏帘,勋著于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong),声传(chuan)(chuan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)外。事(shi)等功(gong)均,今古无易。是以(yi)汉赏(shang)信布,裁重良平(ping);魏酬张徐,不(bu)(bu)(bu)弃荀郭(guo)。今数(shu)族(zu)追赏(shang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)朝(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi),先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)绝封(feng)(feng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)圣明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,瞻流顾侣,存亡永恨。窃见(jian)正始中(zhong),爰发存亡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)诏,褒贤报功(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。熙平(ping)元年,故任城王澄所请十事(shi),复新前(qian)泽,成一时之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛事(shi),垂(chui)旷代之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂典。凡在缨绂,谁不(bu)(bu)(bu)感庆?盖(gai)以(yi)奖劝来(lai)今,垂(chui)范(fan)万古。且刘氏伪书(shu)(shu)(shu),翻流上(shang)国,寻其讪谤,百(bai)无一实;前(qian)后(hou)使人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)书(shu)(shu)(shu)姓字,亦无名爵。至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《张暢(chang)传(chuan)(chuan)》中(zhong),略叙(xu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)对问(wen),虽改(gai)脱略尽,自欲矜(jin)高;然(ran)逸韵难亏,犹(you)见(jian)称载,非直(zhi)存益于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)时,没亦有彰(zhang)国美(mei)。乞(qi)览(lan)此(ci)书(shu)(shu)(shu),昭然(ran)可见(jian)。则微(wei)微(wei)衰构,重起一朝(chao)(chao),先(xian)(xian)(xian)臣(chen)(chen)潜魂(hun),结草于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)千载矣。
卒不得袭。
孝伯兄祥,字(zi)元善。学传家业,乡(xiang)党宗(zong)之(zhi)。世(shi)祖诏州郡举贤良,祥应(ying)贡,对策合旨(zhi),除中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)博士(shi)。时南土未宾,世(shi)祖亲驾,遣(qian)尚书(shu)韩(han)元兴率众(zhong)出(chu)青州,以祥为军司。略地至于陈汝,淮北之(zhi)民诣军降(jiang)者(zhe)七千余(yu)户,迁之(zhi)于兗豫之(zhi)南,置淮阳郡以抚之(zhi),拜(bai)祥为太守,加(jia)绥(sui)远(yuan)将(jiang)军。流民归之(zhi)者(zhe)万余(yu)家,劝课(ke)农桑,百姓安业。世(shi)祖嘉之(zhi),赐以衣马。迁河间太守,有(you)威恩之(zhi)称。太安中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),征(zheng)拜(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)书(shu)侍郎,民有(you)千余(yu)上书(shu),乞留数年,高宗(zong)不许。卒官,追赠定州刺(ci)史、平棘子,谥曰宪。
子安(an)世,幼而聪悟。兴安(an)二(er)年(nian),高宗(zong)(zong)引(yin)(yin)见(jian)侍郎、博(bo)士之子,简其(qi)秀俊者欲(yu)为中(zhong)书学生。安(an)世年(nian)十一(yi),高宗(zong)(zong)见(jian)其(qi)尚小(xiao),引(yin)(yin)问(wen)之。安(an)世陈说祖父(fu),甚有次第,即以为学生。高宗(zong)(zong)每幸(xing)国学,恆独被(bei)引(yin)(yin)问(wen)。诏曰:“汝但守此,至(zhi)大不虑不富(fu)贵。”居父(fu)忧以孝闻。天安(an)初,拜(bai)中(zhong)散,以温敏敬慎,高宗(zong)(zong)亲(qin)爱(ai)之。累迁主客令。
萧赜使刘缵(zuan)朝贡。安(an)世(shi)(shi)美容貌,善举(ju)止,缵(zuan)等自相谓(wei)曰(yue):“不(bu)(bu)有(you)君子,其能国(guo)乎?”缵(zuan)等呼安(an)世(shi)(shi)为典客(ke)(ke)。安(an)世(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“三代不(bu)(bu)共礼,五帝各异乐(le)。安(an)足(zu)以(yi)亡秦(qin)(qin)之(zhi)官,称于上(shang)国(guo)?”缵(zuan)曰(yue):“世(shi)(shi)异之(zhi)号,凡有(you)几也?”安(an)世(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“周(zhou)谓(wei)掌客(ke)(ke),秦(qin)(qin)改(gai)典客(ke)(ke),汉名鸿(hong)胪,今(jin)曰(yue)主客(ke)(ke)。君等不(bu)(bu)欲影响(xiang)文(wen)武,而(er)(er)殷勤(qin)亡秦(qin)(qin)。”缵(zuan)又指方(fang)山(shan)(shan)曰(yue):“此山(shan)(shan)去燕然远近?”安(an)世(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“亦由石头之(zhi)于番(fan)禺耳。”国(guo)家(jia)有(you)江南使至(zhi),多(duo)出藏内珍物,令都(dou)下富室好容服(fu)者(zhe)货之(zhi),令使任情交(jiao)易。使至(zhi)金(jin)玉肆(si)问价(jia),缵(zuan)曰(yue):“北方(fang)金(jin)玉大贱(jian),当是山(shan)(shan)川(chuan)所出?”安(an)世(shi)(shi)曰(yue):“圣朝不(bu)(bu)贵(gui)金(jin)玉,所以(yi)贱(jian)同瓦砾。又皇上(shang)德通神明,山(shan)(shan)不(bu)(bu)爱宝(bao),故无(wu)川(chuan)无(wu)金(jin),无(wu)山(shan)(shan)无(wu)玉。”缵(zuan)初(chu)将大市,得安(an)世(shi)(shi)言,惭而(er)(er)罢。迁主客(ke)(ke)给事中。
时民(min)(min)困(kun)饥流散,豪右(you)多(duo)(duo)有占夺。安世乃上疏曰:“臣闻量地画(hua)野,经(jing)国大式;邑地相参(can),致治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。井税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兴(xing),其(qi)来日久;田莱(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)数,制之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以限。盖欲(yu)(yu)使土不旷(kuang)功,民(min)(min)罔游(you)力。雄擅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia),不独膏腴(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美;单陋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫,亦有顷亩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)。所(suo)以恤彼贫(pin)微(wei),抑兹贪(tan)欲(yu)(yu),同(tong)富约之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不均(jun),一齐民(min)(min)于(yu)(yu)(yu)编(bian)户。窃见州郡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min),或因年(nian)俭(jian)流移(yi),弃(qi)卖(mai)田宅,漂居异乡,事涉(she)数世。三长既立(li),始返旧墟,庐井荒毁,桑(sang)榆改植。事已(yi)历远,易生假冒。强宗豪族,肆其(qi)侵(qin)凌(ling),远认魏(wei)晋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)家(jia),近引亲(qin)(qin)旧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)验。又年(nian)载稍久,乡老所(suo)惑,群证虽(sui)多(duo)(duo),莫可(ke)取据。各(ge)附亲(qin)(qin)知,互(hu)有长短,两证徒具,听者犹疑,争(zheng)讼迁延(yan),连纪不判(pan)。良畴委(wei)而不开,柔(rou)桑(sang)枯(ku)而不采,侥幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒兴(xing),繁多(duo)(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狱作。欲(yu)(yu)令(ling)家(jia)丰岁储,人给资(zi)用,其(qi)可(ke)得乎(hu)!愚谓今虽(sui)桑(sang)井难复,宜(yi)更均(jun)量,审(shen)其(qi)径术(shu);令(ling)分(fen)艺有准,力业相称(cheng),细民(min)(min)获(huo)资(zi)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利,豪右(you)靡余地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盈。则(ze)无私之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泽,乃播(bo)均(jun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兆庶(shu);如(ru)(ru)阜如(ru)(ru)山,可(ke)有积于(yu)(yu)(yu)比(bi)户矣。又所(suo)争(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田,宜(yi)限年(nian)断,事久难明,悉属今主。然后(hou)虚妄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min),绝望于(yu)(yu)(yu)觊觎(yu);守分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,永免(mian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)凌(ling)夺矣。”高祖深纳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),后(hou)均(jun)田之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制起于(yu)(yu)(yu)此矣。
出为(wei)安平(ping)将军、相州刺史(shi)、假节、赵(zhao)郡(jun)公。敦劝农桑,禁(jin)断淫祀。西门豹、史(shi)起,有(you)功于民者,为(wei)之(zhi)修饰庙(miao)堂。表荐(jian)广平(ping)宋翻、阳平(ping)路恃(shi)庆,皆为(wei)朝(chao)廷善士。初,广平(ping)人(ren)李(li)波,宗(zong)族强盛,残掠生(sheng)民。前刺史(shi)薛(xue)道扌剽(piao)(piao)亲往讨之(zhi),波率其宗(zong)族拒战,大破扌剽(piao)(piao)军。遂为(wei)逋(bu)逃之(zhi)薮,公私成患。百姓(xing)为(wei)之(zhi)语曰:“李(li)波小妹字雍容,褰裙逐马如卷蓬,左(zuo)射(she)右(you)射(she)必(bi)叠双。妇女(nv)尚如此,男子(zi)那可逢(feng)!”安世设方略诱波及诸(zhu)子(zi)侄三(san)十(shi)余人(ren),斩于鄴市,境内肃然。以(yi)病免。太(tai)和(he)十(shi)七年卒于家。安世妻博陵崔氏(shi),生(sheng)一(yi)子(zi)瑒。崔氏(shi)以(yi)妒(du)悍(han)见出,又尚沧(cang)水公主,生(sheng)二子(zi):谧、郁。
瑒(yang),字琚罗。涉历史(shi)传,颇有文(wen)才,气尚豪爽,公强当世。延昌末,司徒(tu)行参军(jun),迁(qian)司徒(tu)长(zhang)兼主(zhu)簿。太(tai)师、高阳王雍表(biao)荐瑒(yang)为(wei)其友(you),正主(zhu)簿。
于时民(min)多绝(jue)户(hu)而为(wei)(wei)沙门。瑒(yang)上言:“礼(li)(li)(li)以(yi)教(jiao)世(shi),法导将(jiang)来,迹用既(ji)殊,区流亦别。故(gu)三千(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,莫(mo)大(da)(da)不(bu)孝(xiao),不(bu)孝(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da),无(wu)过于绝(jue)祀。然则(ze)绝(jue)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,重莫(mo)甚(shen)焉。安得轻纵(zong)背(bei)礼(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),而肆其向(xiang)法之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也?正(zheng)(zheng)使(shi)佛(fo)(fo)道,亦不(bu)应然,假令听(ting)然,犹须(xu)裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)礼(li)(li)(li)。一身亲老,弃(qi)家绝(jue)养,既(ji)非人理(li),尤(you)乖礼(li)(li)(li)情(qing),堙灭大(da)(da)伦,且阙(que)王贯。交缺当(dang)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)(li),而求将(jiang)来之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益(yi),孔子云‘未(wei)(wei)知(zhi)生(sheng),焉知(zhi)死(si)’,斯言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至,亦为(wei)(wei)备矣(yi)。安有(you)弃(qi)堂(tang)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政,而从鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)教(jiao)乎!又今南服未(wei)(wei)静,众(zhong)役仍烦,百姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing),方多避(bi)役。若复听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),恐捐弃(qi)孝(xiao)慈(ci),比屋而是。”沙门都统僧暹等忿瑒(yang)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言,以(yi)瑒(yang)为(wei)(wei)谤毁佛(fo)(fo)法,泣(qi)诉灵太(tai)后(hou),太(tai)后(hou)责之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。瑒(yang)自(zi)理(li)曰(yue):“窃欲清明佛(fo)(fo)法,使(shi)道俗兼通,非敢(gan)排弃(qi)真学,妄为(wei)(wei)訾毁。且鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),皆通灵达,称自(zi)百代正(zheng)(zheng)典(dian),叙(xu)三皇五帝,皆号为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)。天地曰(yue)神(shen)祇,人死(si)曰(yue)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)。《易》曰(yue)‘知(zhi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)状’;周公自(zi)美,亦曰(yue)‘能事(shi)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)’;《礼(li)(li)(li)》曰(yue)‘明则(ze)有(you)礼(li)(li)(li)乐,幽则(ze)有(you)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)神(shen)’。是以(yi)明者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)堂(tang)堂(tang),幽者(zhe)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui)教(jiao)。佛(fo)(fo)非天非地,本出于人,应世(shi)导俗,其道幽隐,名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)(wei)鬼(gui)(gui)(gui),愚谓非谤。且心无(wu)不(bu)善,以(yi)佛(fo)(fo)道为(wei)(wei)教(jiao)者(zhe),正(zheng)(zheng)可未(wei)(wei)达众(zhong)妙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门耳。”灵太(tai)后(hou)虽知(zhi)瑒(yang)言为(wei)(wei)允,然不(bu)免暹等之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,犹罚瑒(yang)金(jin)一两。
转尚(shang)书郎,加伏波将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军。随萧宝(bao)夤(yin)(yin)西征(zheng),以瑒(yang)(yang)为(wei)统军,假宁远将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军。瑒(yang)(yang)德洽(qia)乡闾,招(zhao)募雄勇,其乐从者(zhe)数百骑(qi),瑒(yang)(yang)倾家赈(zhen)恤,率之西讨(tao)。宝(bao)夤(yin)(yin)见(jian)瑒(yang)(yang)至,乃拊瑒(yang)(yang)肩曰:“子远来,吾(wu)事办矣。”故其下每(mei)有战功,军中(zhong)号曰“李公骑(qi)”。宝(bao)夤(yin)(yin)又(you)启瑒(yang)(yang)为(wei)左丞,仍(reng)为(wei)别(bie)将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),军机戎政,皆与(yu)参决。宝(bao)夤(yin)(yin)又(you)启为(wei)中(zhong)书侍(shi)(shi)郎。还朝,除镇(zhen)远将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军、岐州刺史,坐辞(ci)不赴任,免官(guan)。建义初,于河阴遇害(hai),时年四十王(wang)。初赠镇(zhen)东将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军、尚(shang)书右(you)仆射(she)、殷(yin)州刺史;太昌中(zhong),重赠散骑(qi)常侍(shi)(shi)、骠骑(qi)大将(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)军、仪同三司、冀州刺史。
瑒(yang)俶傥有大志,好饮酒,笃于亲知,每谓弟(di)郁曰:“士大夫学(xue)问,稽博古(gu)今而罢,何用专经为老(lao)博士也?”与弟(di)谧(mi)特相友爱,谧(mi)在乡(xiang)物故,瑒(yang)恸哭绝气(qi),久而方苏,不食数日,期年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),形骸毁悴。人(ren)伦哀叹(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)。瑒(yang)三子(zi)。
长(zhang)子义盛,武定中,司徒仓曹参军。
瑒(yang)弟谧,字永和。在(zai)《逸士(shi)传》。
谧(mi)弟郁(yu)(yu),字永穆。好(hao)学沉(chen)静,博(bo)通经(jing)史。自(zi)(zi)著作佐郎为广平王怀(huai)友,怀(huai)深相礼(li)遇。时学士(shi)徐遵(zun)明教授山东,生徒(tu)甚盛,怀(huai)征遵(zun)明在(zai)馆,令郁(yu)(yu)问其五经(jing)义例十(shi)余(yu)条,遵(zun)明所答数(shu)条而(er)已。稍迁(qian)(qian)国子博(bo)士(shi)。自(zi)(zi)国学之建(jian),诸(zhu)博(bo)士(shi)率(lv)不(bu)讲(jiang)说,朝夕教授,惟郁(yu)(yu)而(er)已。谦虚雅宽(kuan),甚有儒者之风。迁(qian)(qian)廷尉少(shao)卿(qing),加冠军(jun)将(jiang)军(jun),转通直散(san)骑(qi)(qi)常侍(shi)。建(jian)义中(zhong),以兄瑒卒,遂抚育(yu)孤侄,归于乡里。永熙初,除散(san)骑(qi)(qi)常侍(shi)、大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)、左光禄大(da)夫、兼都(dou)官尚书,寻领(ling)给事黄门侍(shi)郎。三年(nian)春,于显阳殿讲(jiang)《礼(li)》,诏郁(yu)(yu)执经(jing),解说不(bu)穷(qiong),群难锋起,无废谈(tan)笑。出帝及诸(zhu)王公凡预听者,莫不(bu)嗟善。寻病卒,赠(zeng)散(san)骑(qi)(qi)常侍(shi)、都(dou)督定(ding)冀相沧殷五州(zhou)军(jun)事、骠骑(qi)(qi)大(da)将(jiang)军(jun)、尚书左仆(pu)射(she)、仪同三司、定(ding)州(zhou)刺史。
子士谦(qian),仪(yi)同开府参军事。
李冲,字思顺(shun),陇西人,敦煌公宝少子(zi)也。少孤,为(wei)长(zhang)(zhang)兄荥阳(yang)太守承(cheng)(cheng)所携训。承(cheng)(cheng)常言:“此兒器(qi)量非恆,方为(wei)门户所寄。”冲沉雅有大(da)量,随(sui)兄至官。是时牧守子(zi)弟多侵乱民庶,轻有乞夺,冲与承(cheng)(cheng)长(zhang)(zhang)子(zi)韶独清(qing)简皎然,无所求取,时人美焉(yan)。
显祖末,为(wei)中书(shu)学生。冲善交游,不(bu)妄戏(xi)杂,流辈(bei)重之。高祖初,以(yi)例迁秘(mi)书(shu)中散,典禁中文事(shi),以(yi)修整敏惠(hui),渐(jian)见(jian)宠待。迁内秘(mi)书(shu)令、南部给事(shi)中。
旧无(wu)三(san)长,惟(wei)立宗主督护,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)民多(duo)隐冒,五十、三(san)十家方为一(yi)户。冲(chong)以(yi)(yi)三(san)正治民,所(suo)由(you)来远,于是创三(san)长之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制而上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。文明太(tai)后(hou)览而称(cheng)善,引(yin)见公(gong)卿议之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。中书令郑羲、秘书令高祐等曰(yue):“冲(chong)求(qiu)立三(san)长者,乃欲混天(tian)下(xia)一(yi)法(fa)。言似可(ke)用,事实难行(xing)(xing)。”羲又曰(yue):“不(bu)信臣言,但试行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。事败之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),当知愚言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)谬。”太(tai)尉(wei)元丕(pi)曰(yue):“臣谓(wei)此(ci)法(fa)若行(xing)(xing),于公(gong)私(si)有(you)(you)(you)益(yi)。”咸称(cheng)方今有(you)(you)(you)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,校(xiao)比民户,新旧未分(fen),民必劳怨(yuan)。请过今秋,至冬闲月,徐(xu)乃遣使(shi)(shi),于事为宜(yi)(yi)。冲(chong)曰(yue):“民者,冥也,可(ke)使(shi)(shi)由(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)可(ke)使(shi)(shi)知之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。若不(bu)因(yin)调时(shi),百姓徒(tu)知立长校(xiao)户之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勤,未见均徭省赋之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)益(yi),心必生怨(yuan)。宜(yi)(yi)及(ji)课(ke)调之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月,令知赋税之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均。既识其事,又得其利,因(yin)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲,为之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)行(xing)(xing)。”著(zhu)作郎傅思益(yi)进曰(yue):“民俗既异(yi)(yi),险(xian)易(yi)不(bu)同,九(jiu)品差调,为日已久(jiu),一(yi)旦改法(fa),恐成扰乱。”太(tai)后(hou)曰(yue):“立三(san)长,则课(ke)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)准(zhun),赋有(you)(you)(you)恆分(fen);苞廕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)户可(ke)出,侥幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)可(ke)止(zhi)。何为而不(bu)可(ke)?”群议虽有(you)(you)(you)乖异(yi)(yi),然惟(wei)以(yi)(yi)变(bian)法(fa)为难,更无(wu)异(yi)(yi)义。遂立三(san)长,公(gong)私(si)便(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
迁中(zhong)书令,加(jia)散(san)骑常侍,给事中(zhong)如故。寻转南部(bu)尚书,赐爵(jue)顺阳侯。冲为(wei)(wei)文明(ming)太后(hou)所幸(xing),恩宠日(ri)盛,赏赐月至(zhi)数十(shi)万(wan),进爵(jue)陇西公,密致珍宝御物以充其第,外(wai)人莫(mo)得(de)而(er)知焉。冲家素清贫,于是始为(wei)(wei)富室。而(er)谦以自(zi)牧,积而(er)能散(san),近自(zi)姻族,逮(dai)于乡闾,莫(mo)不分及(ji)。虚己接物,垂念羁寒,衰旧沦屈,由之(zhi)跻叙者,亦以多(duo)矣(yi)。时以此(ci)称之(zhi)。
初,冲(chong)(chong)兄佐(zuo)与河南太守来崇(chong)同自凉州入(ru)国,素有微嫌。佐(zuo)因(yin)缘成(cheng)崇(chong)罪,饿(e)死狱中。后(hou)崇(chong)子护(hu)又(you)纠佐(zuo)赃罪,佐(zuo)及冲(chong)(chong)等悉坐幽系(xi),会赦乃免,佐(zuo)甚(shen)衔之(zhi)。至冲(chong)(chong)宠贵(gui),综摄内外,护(hu)为南部(bu)郎,深虑为冲(chong)(chong)所(suo)陷,常求退避,而(er)冲(chong)(chong)每慰抚(fu)之(zhi)。护(hu)后(hou)坐赃罪,惧必不(bu)济。冲(chong)(chong)乃具奏(zou)与护(hu)本(ben)末嫌隙,乞原恕之(zhi),遂得不(bu)坐。冲(chong)(chong)从甥阴始孙孤贫,往来冲(chong)(chong)家,至如子侄。有人(ren)求官(guan),因(yin)其纳(na)马(ma)于冲(chong)(chong),始孙辄受而(er)不(bu)为言。后(hou)假方便,借(jie)冲(chong)(chong)此(ci)马(ma),马(ma)主见冲(chong)(chong)乘马(ma)而(er)不(bu)得官(guan),后(hou)乃自陈始末。冲(chong)(chong)闻之(zhi),大惊,执始孙以状款(kuan)奏(zou),始孙坐死。其处要自厉(li),不(bu)念爱(ai)恶,皆此(ci)类也。
是时循旧,王公重(zhong)臣皆呼其(qi)名,高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)常(chang)谓(wei)冲(chong)为中书而不(bu)名之。文明(ming)太后崩(beng)后,高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)居丧引见,待接有加。及议礼仪(yi)律令,润(run)饰辞旨(zhi),刊定轻重(zhong),高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)虽自下笔,无(wu)不(bu)访决(jue)焉(yan)。冲(chong)竭忠奉上,知无(wu)不(bu)尽,出入忧勤,形于(yu)颜色;虽旧臣戚辅(fu),莫(mo)能逮之,无(wu)不(bu)服其(qi)明(ming)断慎密而归(gui)心(xin)焉(yan)。于(yu)是天下翕然,及殊(shu)方听(ting)望(wang),咸宗奇(qi)之。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)亦深(shen)相仗信,亲敬弥甚,君臣之间,情(qing)义(yi)莫(mo)二。及改置(zhi)百司,开建五等(deng),以(yi)冲(chong)参定典式,封荥(ying)阳郡开国侯,食(shi)邑八百户(hu),拜(bai)廷尉卿。寻迁侍中、吏部尚(shang)书、咸阳王师。东宫(gong)既建,拜(bai)太子少傅。高(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)初依《周礼》,置(zhi)夫、嫔之列,以(yi)冲(chong)女为夫人。
诏曰:“昔轩皇(huang)诞御,垂(chui)栋宇之(zhi)构;爰历(li)三代(dai),兴(xing)宫观之(zhi)式(shi)。然茅茨土(tu)阶,昭德(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上代(dai);层(ceng)台广(guang)厦,崇(chong)(chong)威于(yu)(yu)(yu)中业(ye)(ye)。良由(you)文质异宜,华(hua)朴殊(shu)(shu)礼故也。是以周成继业(ye)(ye),营明(ming)堂于(yu)(yu)(yu)东(dong)都;汉祖(zu)聿兴(xing),建未央于(yu)(yu)(yu)咸镐。盖所以尊严皇(huang)威,崇(chong)(chong)重帝(di)德(de),岂好奢(she)恶俭,苟敝(bi)民(min)力者哉?我皇(huang)运统天,协纂(zuan)乾历(li),锐意四方,未遑(huang)建制,宫室(shi)之(zhi)度,颇为(wei)未允(yun)。太祖(zu)初基,虽粗有经式(shi),自兹厥后,复多营改(gai)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)三元(yuan)庆飨,万国充(chong)庭,观光之(zhi)使,具(ju)瞻有阙(que)。朕以寡德(de),猥(wei)承(cheng)洪绪,运属(shu)休期,事(shi)钟昌运,宜遵(zun)远度,式(shi)兹宫宇。指训规模,事(shi)昭于(yu)(yu)(yu)平日;明(ming)堂、太庙(miao),已成于(yu)(yu)(yu)昔年。又因往岁之(zhi)丰资,藉民(min)情之(zhi)安逸,将以今春营改(gai)正殿。违犯时令,行之(zhi)惕然。但朔土(tu)多寒(han),事(shi)殊(shu)(shu)南夏,自非(fei)裁度当春,兴(xing)役(yi)徂暑,则广(guang)制崇(chong)(chong)基,莫由(you)克(ke)就。成功立(li)事(shi),非(fei)委贤莫可(ke)(ke);改(gai)制规模,非(fei)任能(neng)莫济。尚(shang)书冲器怀渊博,经度明(ming)远,可(ke)(ke)领将作大匠;司空、长乐公亮,可(ke)(ke)与(yu)大匠共监兴(xing)缮。其(qi)去故崇(chong)(chong)新之(zhi)宜,修复太极(ji)之(zhi)制,朕当别加指授。”
车驾南伐,加(jia)冲(chong)(chong)(chong)辅国(guo)大(da)(da)将军,统(tong)众翼从。自(zi)(zi)发都至于(yu)(yu)洛阳,霖雨不(bu)(bu)霁(ji),仍诏六军发轸(zhen)。高祖(zu)戎(rong)服执鞭(bian)御马而(er)(er)出,群臣(chen)(chen)启(qi)颡于(yu)(yu)马首(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)。高祖(zu)曰(yue):“长驱(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谋,庙算(suan)已(yi)定(ding),今大(da)(da)将军进(jin)(jin)(jin),公(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)更欲(yu)(yu)何(he)(he)云?”冲(chong)(chong)(chong)进(jin)(jin)(jin)曰(yue):“臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)不(bu)(bu)能折冲(chong)(chong)(chong)帷幄(wo),坐(zuo)制四海,而(er)(er)令南有窃号之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渠,实臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎(jiu)。陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)以(yi)文轨(gui)未(wei)一(yi),亲劳(lao)圣(sheng)驾,臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)诚(cheng)思亡(wang)躯尽(jin)命,效死戎(rong)行(xing)(xing)。然(ran)(ran)自(zi)(zi)离(li)都淫雨,士(shi)马困弊,前(qian)路尚(shang)遥,水潦方(fang)甚。且(qie)伊洛境(jing)内,小水犹(you)尚(shang)致难,况长江浩汗(han),越在南境(jing)。若营舟楫,必(bi)(bi)须停滞(zhi),师老粮乏,进(jin)(jin)(jin)退为(wei)(wei)难,矜丧(sang)反旆,于(yu)(yu)义为(wei)(wei)允(yun)。”高祖(zu)曰(yue):“一(yi)同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意,前(qian)已(yi)具论。卿等(deng)(deng)(deng)正以(yi)水雨为(wei)(wei)难,然(ran)(ran)天时(shi)颇亦(yi)可知。何(he)(he)者(zhe)?夏既(ji)炎(yan)旱,秋故(gu)雨多,玄(xuan)冬(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初,必(bi)(bi)当(dang)(dang)开爽。比后月十间,若雨犹(you)不(bu)(bu)已(yi),此乃天也,脱于(yu)(yu)此而(er)(er)晴,行(xing)(xing)则无(wu)(wu)害。古不(bu)(bu)伐丧(sang),谓诸侯同(tong)轨(gui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国(guo),非(fei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)者(zhe)统(tong)一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。已(yi)至于(yu)(yu)此,何(he)(he)容停驾?”冲(chong)(chong)(chong)又进(jin)(jin)(jin)曰(yue):“今者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju),天下(xia)(xia)所不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)(yuan),唯陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)欲(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。汉文言:吾独乘千里马,竟何(he)(he)至也?臣(chen)(chen)有意而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)其辞,敢以(yi)死请(qing)。”高祖(zu)大(da)(da)怒曰(yue):“方(fang)欲(yu)(yu)经营宇(yu)宙(zhou),一(yi)同(tong)区域,而(er)(er)卿等(deng)(deng)(deng)儒生,屡疑(yi)大(da)(da)计(ji),斧钺(yue)有常(chang),卿勿复言!”策马将出。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)大(da)(da)司马、安(an)定(ding)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)休,兼左仆(pu)射、任城王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)澄等(deng)(deng)(deng)并(bing)殷勤泣谏。高祖(zu)乃谕群臣(chen)(chen)曰(yue):“今者(zhe)兴动(dong)不(bu)(bu)小,动(dong)而(er)(er)无(wu)(wu)成,何(he)(he)以(yi)示(shi)后?苟欲(yu)(yu)班师,无(wu)(wu)以(yi)垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)千载。朕仰惟远祖(zu),世(shi)居幽漠,违众南迁,以(yi)享无(wu)(wu)穷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美,岂其无(wu)(wu)心,轻遗陵壤(rang)?今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君子,宁独有怀?当(dang)(dang)由天工人(ren)(ren)代(dai)、王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业须成故(gu)也。若不(bu)(bu)南銮,即(ji)当(dang)(dang)移都于(yu)(yu)此,光宅土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),机亦(yi)时(shi)矣,王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)以(yi)为(wei)(wei)何(he)(he)如(ru)?议之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所决,不(bu)(bu)得旋踵。欲(yu)(yu)迁者(zhe)左,不(bu)(bu)欲(yu)(yu)者(zhe)右。”安(an)定(ding)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)休等(deng)(deng)(deng)相率(lv)如(ru)右。南安(an)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)桢进(jin)(jin)(jin)曰(yue):“夫愚(yu)者(zhe)暗(an)于(yu)(yu)成事,智者(zhe)见(jian)于(yu)(yu)未(wei)萌。行(xing)(xing)至德者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)议于(yu)(yu)俗,成大(da)(da)功者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)谋于(yu)(yu)众,非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)乃能非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。廓神(shen)都以(yi)延王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)业,度土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)制帝京,周(zhou)公(gong)启(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)前(qian),陛(bi)下(xia)(xia)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)后,固其宜也。且(qie)天下(xia)(xia)至重(zhong),莫若皇(huang)居,人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所贵,宁如(ru)遗体?请(qing)上安(an)圣(sheng)躬(gong),下(xia)(xia)慰民望,光宅中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan),辍彼南伐。此臣(chen)(chen)等(deng)(deng)(deng)愿(yuan)(yuan)言,苍生幸甚。”群臣(chen)(chen)咸(xian)唱“万岁(sui)”。
高祖初(chu)谋南(nan)迁,恐(kong)众(zhong)心恋旧,乃示为(wei)大举(ju),因以协定(ding)群情,外名(ming)南(nan)伐(fa),其实迁也。旧人怀土,多所不(bu)愿(yuan),内惮(dan)南(nan)征,无敢(gan)言(yan)者(zhe),于(yu)是定(ding)都洛阳(yang)。冲言(yan)于(yu)高祖曰:“陛(bi)下方修周公之(zhi)(zhi)制,定(ding)鼎成周。然(ran)营建六(liu)寝,不(bu)可游驾待就;兴筑(zhu)城郛(fu),难以马上营讫(qi)。愿(yuan)暂还北(bei)都,令(ling)臣下经造,功成事讫(qi),然(ran)后备文物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)章,和玉(yu)銮之(zhi)(zhi)响,巡(xun)时南(nan)徙,轨(gui)仪土中。”高祖曰:“朕将(jiang)巡(xun)省(sheng)方岳,至(zhi)鄴小停,春(chun)始便还未(wei)宜。”遂(sui)不(bu)归北(bei)。寻以冲为(wei)镇南(nan)将(jiang)军,侍中、少傅如(ru)故,委以营构(gou)之(zhi)(zhi)任。改封阳(yang)平郡开国侯,邑户如(ru)先。
车驾南伐(fa),以冲兼左仆(pu)射,留守(shou)洛阳。车驾渡淮,别诏安南大(da)将(jiang)(jiang)军元英、平南将(jiang)(jiang)军刘(liu)藻(zao)讨汉(han)中,召雍泾(jing)岐(qi)三州(zhou)(zhou)兵六千人(ren)拟(ni)(ni)戍南郑(zheng),克(ke)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)则(ze)遣(qian)(qian)。冲表谏曰:“秦州(zhou)(zhou)险(xian)厄(e),地(di)接羌夷(yi)(yi),自西师出(chu)后(hou),饷援连(lian)(lian)续(xu),加(jia)氐胡叛逆,所(suo)在奔命,运(yun)粮(liang)(liang)擐甲(jia),迄兹未已(yi)。今(jin)复(fu)豫差(cha)戍卒,悬拟(ni)(ni)山外(wai),虽加(jia)优复(fu),恐犹(you)惊骇,脱终攻不(bu)(bu)克(ke),徒动民(min)情,连(lian)(lian)胡结夷(yi)(yi),事或难测。辄依旨密下刺(ci)史,待军克(ke)郑(zheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),然后(hou)差(cha)遣(qian)(qian),如臣愚见,犹(you)谓未足(zu)。何(he)者(zhe)(zhe)?西道(dao)险(xian)厄(e),单(dan)(dan)径(jing)千里(li)。今(jin)欲深(shen)戍绝界之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),孤据群贼之(zhi)(zhi)口,敌攻不(bu)(bu)可(ke)卒援,食尽(jin)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)运(yun)粮(liang)(liang)。古人(ren)有言:‘虽鞭之(zhi)(zhi)长,不(bu)(bu)及(ji)马腹’,南郑(zheng)于国,实为马腹也(ye)。且(qie)昔人(ren)攻伐(fa),或城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)降(jiang)(jiang)而(er)不(bu)(bu)取;仁君用师,或抚(fu)民(min)而(er)遗地(di)。且(qie)王者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)举,情在拯民(min);夷(yi)(yi)寇所(suo)守(shou),意在惜地(di)。校之(zhi)(zhi)二义(yi),德有浅(qian)深(shen)。惠声已(yi)远,何(he)遽(ju)于一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)哉?且(qie)魏境(jing)所(suo)掩,九州(zhou)(zhou)过(guo)八(ba),民(min)人(ren)所(suo)臣,十分(fen)而(er)九。所(suo)未民(min)者(zhe)(zhe),惟漠(mo)北之(zhi)(zhi)与江外(wai)耳。羁之(zhi)(zhi)在近,岂急急于今(jin)日也(ye)?宜(yi)待大(da)开疆(jiang)宇(yu),广拔城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)聚,多积(ji)资(zi)粮(liang)(liang),食足(zu)支敌,然后(hou)置邦树将(jiang)(jiang),为吞并(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)举。今(jin)钟离、寿阳,密迩未拔;诸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、新野,跬步(bu)弗降(jiang)(jiang)。所(suo)克(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)舍之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)取,所(suo)降(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)(zhe)抚(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)旋戮。东道(dao)既(ji)未可(ke)以近力守(shou),西蕃宁可(ke)以远兵固?若果欲置者(zhe)(zhe),臣恐终以资(zi)敌也(ye)。又(you)今(jin)建(jian)都土中,地(di)接寇壤,方(fang)须大(da)收死(si)士,平荡江会。轻遣(qian)(qian)单(dan)(dan)寡(gua),弃令(ling)陷没,恐后(hou)举之(zhi)(zhi)日,众(zhong)以留守(shou)致惧,求其死(si)效(xiao),未易可(ke)获(huo)。推(tui)此而(er)论,不(bu)(bu)戍为上。”高祖从(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)。
车驾还都,引见冲等(deng),谓(wei)之曰(yue):“本所以多(duo)置官(guan)者(zhe),虑有(you)令仆暗弱,百事稽壅。若明(ming)(ming)独(du)聪专,则权(quan)势大(da)并(bing)。今朕虽不得为(wei)(wei)(wei)聪明(ming)(ming),又(you)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)劣(lie)暗,卿等(deng)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)贤(xian),亦(yi)不为(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)恶(e)。且可一两(liang)年许,少置官(guan)司。”
高祖自鄴还京,泛舟(zhou)洪(hong)池,乃(nai)从(cong)(cong)容(rong)(rong)谓(wei)冲(chong)曰:“朕欲从(cong)(cong)此通渠于洛,南伐之(zhi)日,何容(rong)(rong)不从(cong)(cong)此入洛,从(cong)(cong)洛入河(he),从(cong)(cong)河(he)入汴(bian),从(cong)(cong)汴(bian)入清,以(yi)至于淮?下(xia)船而(er)(er)战,犹(you)开户而(er)(er)斗,此乃(nai)军国之(zhi)大(da)计。今沟渠若(ruo)须二万人(ren)以(yi)下(xia)、六十(shi)日有成者,宜以(yi)渐(jian)修(xiu)之(zhi)。”冲(chong)对曰:“若(ruo)尔,便(bian)是(shi)士(shi)无远涉之(zhi)劳,战有兼人(ren)之(zhi)力。”迁(qian)尚书(shu)仆(pu)射,仍领少(shao)傅。改封清渊县开国侯(hou),邑户如前。及太子恂(xun)废(fei),冲(chong)罢少(shao)傅。
高祖引见公(gong)卿于清徽堂,高祖曰:“圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)大宝,惟(wei)位与功(gong)(gong),是(shi)以(yi)功(gong)(gong)成(cheng)作乐,治定(ding)制礼。今(jin)徙极中天,创居嵩(song)洛,虽(sui)大构未成(cheng),要自条纪略举。但(dan)南有(you)(you)未宾之(zhi)(zhi)竖,兼凶蛮密迩(er),朕夙夜怅惋,良(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于兹。取南之(zhi)(zhi)计决矣,朕行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)谋必(bi)矣。若(ruo)依近代也,则(ze)(ze)天子下帷深宫之(zhi)(zhi)内;准上古也,则(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)亲行(xing),祚延七百。魏晋不(bu)征(zheng)(zheng),旋踵(zhong)而殒,祚之(zhi)(zhi)修短(duan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)德不(bu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)征(zheng)(zheng)。今(jin)但(dan)以(yi)行(xing)期未知(zhi)早(zao)晚。知(zhi)几其神(shen)乎,朕既非神(shen),焉能(neng)知(zhi)也。而顷来(lai)阴阳卜(bu)术(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)士(shi),咸劝朕今(jin)征(zheng)(zheng)必(bi)克。此(ci)(ci)既家国大事(shi),宜共(gong)君臣各尽(jin)所见,不(bu)得(de)以(yi)朕先言(yan)(yan)(yan),便(bian)致依违,退有(you)(you)同异。”冲对曰:“夫(fu)征(zheng)(zheng)战(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)法,先之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)事(shi),然后卜(bu)筮。今(jin)卜(bu)筮虽(sui)吉,犹(you)恐(kong)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)未备。今(jin)年(nian)秋(qiu)稔,有(you)(you)损常实,又(you)京师(shi)始迁(qian),众业(ye)未定(ding),加之(zhi)(zhi)征(zheng)(zheng)战(zhan),以(yi)为未可。宜至来(lai)秋(qiu)。”高祖曰:“仆射之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),非为不(bu)合。朕意之(zhi)(zhi)所虑,乃(nai)有(you)(you)社稷之(zhi)(zhi)忧(you)。然咫(zhi)尺寇(kou)戎(rong),无(wu)宜自安,理须如此(ci)(ci)。仆射言(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)未从,亦不(bu)必(bi)如此(ci)(ci)。朕去(qu)十七年(nian),拥二十万众,行(xing)不(bu)出(chu)畿甸,此(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)盛,而非天时。往(wang)年(nian)乘机,天时乃(nai)可,而阙人(ren)(ren)事(shi),又(you)致不(bu)捷。若(ruo)待(dai)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)备,复非天时,若(ruo)之(zhi)(zhi)何?如仆射之(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan),便(bian)终无(wu)征(zheng)(zheng)理。朕若(ruo)秋(qiu)行(xing)无(wu)克捷,三君子并付(fu)司寇(kou)。不(bu)可不(bu)人(ren)(ren)尽(jin)其心(xin)。”罢(ba)议而出(chu)。
后世宗(zong)为太子,高祖宴(yan)于清徽堂。高祖曰:“皇(huang)储(chu)所(suo)以纂(zuan)历(li)三才,光昭七祖,斯乃亿(yi)兆咸悦,天人(ren)同泰,故延卿就此一(yi)宴(yan),以暢忻情。”高祖又曰:“天地(di)之道,一(yi)盈一(yi)虚,岂有常(chang)泰。天道犹尔,况人(ren)事乎?故有升有黜,自古而(er)然。悼往欣今,良用(yong)深(shen)叹(tan)。”冲对曰:“东晖承储(chu),苍生咸幸(xing)。但臣前忝(tian)师傅,弗能(neng)弼谐,仰惭天日,慈(ci)造宽含,得预此宴(yan),庆愧(kui)(kui)交深(shen)。”高祖曰:“朕尚不能(neng)革(ge)其昏,师傅何劳愧(kui)(kui)谢也(ye)。”
后(hou)尚书疑元拔、穆(mu)泰(tai)(tai)罪(zui)(zui)事(shi),冲(chong)奏曰(yue):“前彭(peng)城镇将元拔与穆(mu)泰(tai)(tai)同逆,养(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)降(jiang)(jiang)寿宜从(cong)拔罪(zui)(zui)。而(er)(er)太尉、咸阳王禧等,以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei)律(lv)(lv)(lv)文养(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)(er)为(wei)罪(zui)(zui),父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)及(ji)兄弟(di)不(bu)知情者(zhe)不(bu)坐。谨审律(lv)(lv)(lv)意,以(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)非天性,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兄弟(di)非同气,敦薄既差,故刑典有(you)降(jiang)(jiang);是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)养(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)虽为(wei)罪(zui)(zui),而(er)(er)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)兄不(bu)预。然(ran)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)兄为(wei)罪(zui)(zui),养(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)知谋,易地均情,岂独(du)从(cong)戮乎?理固不(bu)然(ran)。臣(chen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei):依据(ju)律(lv)(lv)(lv)文,不(bu)追戮于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所生(sheng),则(ze)从(cong)坐于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所养(yang)(yang),明矣(yi)(yi)。又律(lv)(lv)(lv)惟(wei)言父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)不(bu)从(cong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),不(bu)称子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)从(cong)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),当是(shi)(shi)优尊厉卑之(zhi)义。臣(chen)禧等以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei):‘律(lv)(lv)(lv)虽不(bu)正(zheng)见,互文起制,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乞也举父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)罪(zui)(zui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)养(yang)(yang)也见子(zi)(zi)(zi)坐,是(shi)(shi)为(wei)互起。互起两明,无(wu)罪(zui)(zui)必(bi)矣(yi)(yi)。若(ruo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)嫡继,养(yang)(yang)与生(sheng)同,则(ze)父(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)宜均,只明不(bu)坐。且继养(yang)(yang)之(zhi)注云(yun):若(ruo)有(you)别制,不(bu)同此(ci)律(lv)(lv)(lv)。又令(ling)文云(yun):诸有(you)封爵,若(ruo)无(wu)亲子(zi)(zi)(zi),及(ji)其身卒,虽有(you)养(yang)(yang)继,国(guo)除不(bu)袭(xi)。是(shi)(shi)为(wei)有(you)福不(bu)及(ji)己,有(you)罪(zui)(zui)便预坐。均事(shi)等情,律(lv)(lv)(lv)令(ling)之(zhi)意,便相矛盾。伏(fu)度律(lv)(lv)(lv)旨,必(bi)不(bu)然(ran)也。’臣(chen)冲(chong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)为(wei):指例条寻,罪(zui)(zui)在无(wu)疑,准令(ling)语情,颇亦同式。”诏曰(yue):“仆射之(zhi)议,据(ju)律(lv)(lv)(lv)明矣(yi)(yi);太尉等论,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)典矫(jiao)也。养(yang)(yang)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)从(cong)戮者(zhe),缘(yuan)其已(yi)免所生(sheng),故不(bu)得复(fu)甄于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)所养(yang)(yang)。此(ci)独(du)何福,长处吞舟(zhou)?于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)国(guo)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)袭(xi)者(zhe),重列(lie)爵,特(te)立制,因天之(zhi)所绝,推而(er)(er)除之(zhi)耳,岂复(fu)报对刑赏?于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)斯则(ze)应死,可特(te)原之(zhi)。”
冲(chong)机敏(min)有巧思。北京(jing)明堂、圆丘、太庙,及洛都初基,安处郊兆,新(xin)起堂寝,皆资于冲(chong)。勤志强力,孜孜无(wu)怠,旦理文簿,兼营匠制,几(ji)案盈积,剞劂在手,终不劳(lao)厌也(ye)。然显贵门族,务益六姻(yin),兄弟子侄,皆有爵官,一家岁禄,万(wan)匹有余;是其亲(qin)者,虽复痴聋,无(wu)不超(chao)越(yue)官次。时论亦以此(ci)少(shao)之。
年才四十(shi)(shi),而(er)(er)(er)鬓须班白,姿貌(mao)丰美(mei),未有(you)衰状(zhuang)。李彪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)入(ru)京也(ye),孤微(wei)寡援,而(er)(er)(er)自立不群(qun),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)冲(chong)好士,倾心宗附(fu)。冲(chong)亦重其(qi)器学(xue),礼而(er)(er)(er)纳焉(yan),每言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu),公(gong)私共相(xiang)援益(yi)。及(ji)(ji)彪为(wei)中尉(wei)兼(jian)尚书,为(wei)高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)知待(dai),便(bian)谓非复(fu)藉冲(chong),而(er)(er)(er)更相(xiang)轻(qing)背,惟(wei)公(gong)坐(zuo)敛袂(mei)而(er)(er)(er)已,无复(fu)宗敬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)。冲(chong)颇衔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。后高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)南征,冲(chong)与(yu)吏部(bu)尚书、任城王(wang)澄并以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)彪倨傲无礼,遂(sui)禁止之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。奏其(qi)罪(zui)状(zhuang),冲(chong)手自作,家人不知,辞甚(shen)激切(qie),因以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自劾。高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)览其(qi)表(biao),叹怅(chang)者久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),既而(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)(yue):“道固(gu)可(ke)谓溢也(ye),仆(pu)射亦为(wei)满矣。”冲(chong)时(shi)震怒,数数责彪前后愆(qian)悖,瞋目大呼,投折(zhe)几(ji)案。尽收御史,皆泥首面缚,詈辱肆口。冲(chong)素性温柔,而(er)(er)(er)一旦暴恚,遂(sui)发病荒悸,言语乱错,犹扼腕叫(jiao)詈,称李彪小人。医药所(suo)不能(neng)疗,或谓肝(gan)藏伤裂。旬(xun)有(you)余日(ri)而(er)(er)(er)卒(zu),时(shi)年四十(shi)(shi)九。高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)为(wei)举(ju)哀于(yu)(yu)悬(xuan)瓠,发声悲(bei)泣(qi),不能(neng)自胜(sheng)。诏曰(yue)(yue):“冲(chong)贞和资性,德(de)义树身,训(xun)业自家,道素形国。太和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始,朕在(zai)弱龄,早委机密,实康(kang)时(shi)务。鸿(hong)渐瀍洛(luo),朝选开清(qing),升(sheng)冠端右(you),惟(wei)允(yun)出纳。忠肃柔明,足敷睿范(fan),仁恭信惠,有(you)结民(min)心。可(ke)谓国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贤也(ye),朝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望也(ye)。方(fang)升(sheng)宠秩,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旌(jing)功旧,奄致(zhi)丧逝,悲(bei)痛于(yu)(yu)怀。既留勤应陟,兼(jian)良宿宜褒(bao),可(ke)赠司(si)(si)空公(gong),给东园(yuan)秘器、朝服一具(ju)、衣一袭,赠钱三十(shi)(shi)万、布五百(bai)匹(pi)、蜡三百(bai)斤。”有(you)司(si)(si)奏谥曰(yue)(yue)文(wen)穆。葬于(yu)(yu)覆舟山,近杜(du)预冢,高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)也(ye)。后车驾自鄴还(hai)洛(luo),路经冲(chong)墓,左右(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)闻,高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)卧疾望坟,掩泣(qi)久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。诏曰(yue)(yue):“司(si)(si)空文(wen)穆公(gong),德(de)为(wei)时(shi)宗,勋简朕心,不幸徂逝,托坟邙(mang)岭,旋銮覆舟,躬(gong)睇茔域,悲(bei)仁恻(ce)旧,有(you)恸朕衷。可(ke)遣(qian)太牢(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祭,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)申吾怀。”及(ji)(ji)与(yu)留京百(bai)官(guan)相(xiang)见,皆叙(xu)冲(chong)亡没之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu),言及(ji)(ji)流涕。高(gao)(gao)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)得留台启,知冲(chong)患(huan)状(zhuang),谓右(you)卫宋弁曰(yue)(yue):“仆(pu)射执我(wo)枢衡,总釐朝务,清(qing)俭居躬(gong),知宠已久。朕以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁明忠雅,委以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)台司(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寄(ji),使我(wo)出境无后顾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忧,一朝忽(hu)有(you)此患(huan),朕甚(shen)怀怆慨。”其(qi)相(xiang)痛惜如此。
冲(chong)兄弟六人(ren),四母所出,颇相(xiang)忿阋。及冲(chong)之(zhi)贵,封禄恩(en)赐皆以共之(zhi),内外辑睦。父亡后同居二十(shi)余(yu)年,至洛乃(nai)(nai)别第(di)宅,更相(xiang)友爱,久(jiu)无间然。皆冲(chong)之(zhi)德也。始冲(chong)之(zhi)见(jian)私宠也,兄子韶(shao)恆有忧色,虑致倾(qing)败(bai)。后荣名日显(xian),稍乃(nai)(nai)自安。而冲(chong)明目(mu)当官,图(tu)为(wei)己任,自始迄终,无所避屈。其体(ti)时推运(yun),皆此类也。子延寔等,语在(zai)《外戚传》。
史臣曰:燕赵信多奇士。李孝伯风范鉴略,盖亦过人远甚。世祖雄猜严断,崔浩已见诛夷。而入参心膂,出干政事,献可替否,无际可寻,故能从容任遇,以功名始卒。其智器固以优乎?安世识具通雅,时干之良。瑒以豪俊达,郁则儒博显。李冲早延宠眷,入干腹心,风流识业,固乃一时之秀。终协契圣主,佐命太和,位当端揆,身任梁栋,德洽家门,功著王室。盖有魏之乱臣也。
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