列传第四十
儒林
儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为教大(da)矣,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)利物博(bo)矣。笃父子,正(zheng)君臣,尚(shang)忠(zhong)节,重(zhong)仁义(yi)(yi),贵廉让,贱贪鄙,开政化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)源(yuan),凿生(sheng)(sheng)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳(er)目,百(bai)王(wang)损益,一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)贯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。虽(sui)世(shi)或(huo)污隆,而(er)斯文(wen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)坠(zhui),经邦致治,非(fei)一(yi)时也(ye)。涉其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)流者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无禄(lu)(lu)而(er)富(fu),怀(huai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),无位而(er)尊。故仲尼顿挫于(yu)(yu)(yu)鲁(lu)(lu)君,孟(meng)轲抑扬(yang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)齐后(hou),荀卿见珍于(yu)(yu)(yu)强(qiang)楚,叔孙取贵于(yu)(yu)(yu)隆汉(han)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)余处环堵以(yi)(yi)(yi)骄富(fu)贵,安陋巷而(er)轻王(wang)公者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),可(ke)(ke)胜数哉!自(zi)(zi)晋室(shi)分崩(beng),中(zhong)(zhong)原丧(sang)乱,五胡交(jiao)争,经籍道(dao)(dao)尽。魏氏发迹代(dai)阴,经营河(he)(he)朔(shuo),得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)马上(shang),兹道(dao)(dao)未(wei)弘。暨夫太(tai)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),盛(sheng)(sheng)修(xiu)文(wen)教,搢(jin)绅硕(shuo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),济济盈(ying)朝,缝(feng)掖巨(ju)儒(ru),往(wang)往(wang)杰出,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雅诰奥(ao)义(yi)(yi),宋及齐、梁不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能尚(shang)也(ye)。南北(bei)所(suo)(suo)(suo)治,章句好尚(shang),互有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。江左《周易(yi)(yi)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)王(wang)辅嗣,《尚(shang)书(shu)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)孔安国(guo),《左传》则(ze)(ze)(ze)杜元(yuan)凯。河(he)(he)、洛《左传》则(ze)(ze)(ze)服子慎,《尚(shang)书(shu)》、《周易(yi)(yi)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)郑康成。《诗》则(ze)(ze)(ze)并主于(yu)(yu)(yu)毛公,《礼(li)(li)》则(ze)(ze)(ze)同(tong)遵(zun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)郑氏。大(da)抵南人约简,得其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)英华,北(bei)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)深芜(wu),穷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)枝(zhi)叶。考其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)终始,要其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)会归,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)立身(shen)成名(ming),殊方(fang)同(tong)致矣。爰自(zi)(zi)汉(han)、魏,硕(shuo)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)多(duo)清通,逮乎(hu)近古(gu)(gu)(gu),巨(ju)儒(ru)必鄙俗(su)。文(wen)、武(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)坠(zhui),弘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)人,岂独愚蔽于(yu)(yu)(yu)当今,而(er)皆(jie)(jie)明哲(zhe)于(yu)(yu)(yu)往(wang)昔(xi)?在(zai)(zai)乎(hu)用与(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用,知(zhi)与(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)耳(er)。然曩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弼谐庶绩,必举德于(yu)(yu)(yu)鸿儒(ru),近代(dai)左右(you)邦家,咸取士于(yu)(yu)(yu)刀笔(bi)。纵有(you)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)优(you)入室(shi),勤逾(yu)刺股,名(ming)高海内,擢第(di)甲科,若命偶时来,未(wei)有(you)望于(yu)(yu)(yu)青紫,或(huo)数将运(yun)舛,必委弃于(yu)(yu)(yu)草泽。然则(ze)(ze)(ze)古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),禄(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),困于(yu)(yu)(yu)贫贱。明达(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,志识之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,安肯滞于(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)习(xi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)求贫贱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)哉?此(ci)所(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)儒(ru)罕通人,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)多(duo)鄙俗(su)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)。昔(xi)齐列康庄(zhuang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di),多(duo)士如林,燕起(qi)碣石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宫,群(qun)英自(zi)(zi)远。是知(zhi)俗(su)易(yi)(yi)风(feng)移,必由(you)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)好,非(fei)夫圣明御世(shi),亦(yi)无以(yi)(yi)(yi)振斯颓俗(su)矣。自(zi)(zi)正(zheng)朔(shuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi),将三(san)百(bai)年(nian),师(shi)说纷纶,无所(suo)(suo)(suo)取正(zheng)。高祖膺(ying)期纂(zuan)历,平(ping)一(yi)寰宇,顿天(tian)网(wang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)掩(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),贲旌帛以(yi)(yi)(yi)礼(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),设好爵以(yi)(yi)(yi)縻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),于(yu)(yu)(yu)是四(si)海九州(zhou)强(qiang)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)待问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,靡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)毕(bi)集焉(yan)。天(tian)子乃整(zheng)万乘,率百(bai)僚,遵(zun)问道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,观释奠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)礼(li)(li)。博(bo)士罄悬河(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辩(bian),侍中(zhong)(zhong)竭重(zhong)席之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奥(ao),考正(zheng)亡逸,研(yan)核异同(tong),积滞群(qun)疑,涣(huan)然冰释。于(yu)(yu)(yu)是超擢奇秀,厚(hou)赏诸(zhu)儒(ru),京邑达(da)乎(hu)四(si)方(fang),皆(jie)(jie)启黉校。齐、鲁(lu)(lu)、赵(zhao)、魏,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)尤多(duo),负笈追师(shi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远千里,讲诵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng),道(dao)(dao)路不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)绝。中(zhong)(zhong)州(zhou)儒(ru)雅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛(sheng)(sheng),自(zi)(zi)汉(han)、魏以(yi)(yi)(yi)来,一(yi)时而(er)已(yi)。及高祖暮(mu)年(nian),精华稍竭,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悦(yue)儒(ru)术(shu),专尚(shang)刑名(ming),执政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,咸非(fei)笃好。既仁寿间(jian),遂废天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),唯存(cun)国(guo)子一(yi)所(suo)(suo)(suo),弟子七(qi)十二(er)人。炀帝即位,复(fu)(fu)开庠序,国(guo)子郡县之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),盛(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)开皇(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)。征辟儒(ru)生(sheng)(sheng),远近毕(bi)至,使相与(yu)讲论(lun)得失于(yu)(yu)(yu)东都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia),纳言(yan)定其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)差次,一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)闻(wen)奏焉(yan)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)时旧(jiu)儒(ru)多(duo)已(yi)凋亡,二(er)刘拔萃出类,学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)通南北(bei),博(bo)极(ji)今古(gu)(gu)(gu),后(hou)生(sheng)(sheng)钻仰,莫(mo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能测。所(suo)(suo)(suo)制诸(zhu)经义(yi)(yi)疏,搢(jin)绅咸师(shi)宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既而(er)外事(shi)四(si)夷,戎马不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息,师(shi)徒怠散,盗贼群(qun)起(qi),礼(li)(li)义(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)防君子,刑罚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)威小人,空有(you)建学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming),而(er)无弘道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)实(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)风(feng)渐坠(zhui),以(yi)(yi)(yi)至灭亡,方(fang)领矩步之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒,亦(yi)多(duo)转死沟壑(he)。凡有(you)经籍,自(zi)(zi)此(ci)皆(jie)(jie)湮没(mei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)煨尘(chen)矣。遂使后(hou)进(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)复(fu)(fu)闻(wen)《诗》、《书(shu)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan),皆(jie)(jie)怀(huai)攘夺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin),相与(yu)陷于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)义(yi)(yi)。《传》曰:“学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)将植,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)学(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)将落(luo)。”然则(ze)(ze)(ze)盛(sheng)(sheng)衰是系,兴亡攸在(zai)(zai),有(you)国(guo)有(you)家者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎欤!诸(zhu)儒(ru)有(you)身(shen)没(mei)道(dao)(dao)存(cun),遗风(feng)可(ke)(ke)想,皆(jie)(jie)采(cai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)余论(lun),缀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)篇云。
元善
元(yuan)善(shan)(shan)(shan),河(he)南洛(luo)阳(yang)人也(ye)。祖叉,魏侍中(zhong)。父罗,初(chu)为梁州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)叉被诛,奔(ben)于(yu)梁,官(guan)至征(zheng)北大将军、青冀二(er)州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。善(shan)(shan)(shan)少(shao)随父至江南,性好学,遂通涉五经(jing)(jing),尤明《左氏传》。及(ji)(ji)(ji)侯景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乱,善(shan)(shan)(shan)归于(yu)周(zhou)。武帝甚礼(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)为太子宫尹,赐(ci)爵江阳(yang)县公(gong)。每执经(jing)(jing)以(yi)授太子。开皇初(chu),拜(bai)内史(shi)侍郎,上每望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“人伦仪表也(ye)。”凡有(you)敷奏,词(ci)气抑扬,观(guan)者(zhe)属目。陈使袁雅(ya)(ya)来聘,上令善(shan)(shan)(shan)就馆(guan)受书,雅(ya)(ya)出门不拜(bai)。善(shan)(shan)(shan)论旧事有(you)拜(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,雅(ya)(ya)不能(neng)对(dui),遂拜(bai),成礼(li)而(er)去。后(hou)迁(qian)国子祭酒。上尝亲临释奠,命善(shan)(shan)(shan)讲《孝经(jing)(jing)》。于(yu)是敷陈义理,兼(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)讽谏。上大悦曰:“闻江阳(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)说,更起朕心(xin)。” 赉绢(juan)百匹,衣一袭。善(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通博,在(zai)何妥(tuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下,然(ran)(ran)以(yi)风流醖藉,俯仰可观(guan),音韵清(qing)朗,听者(zhe)忘倦(juan),由是为后(hou)进所归。妥(tuo)每怀(huai)不平,心(xin)欲屈善(shan)(shan)(shan)。因善(shan)(shan)(shan)讲《春秋》,初(chu)发题,诸儒毕集。善(shan)(shan)(shan)私谓妥(tuo)曰:“名(ming)望(wang)已(yi)定,幸(xing)无相(xiang)苦。”妥(tuo)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及(ji)(ji)(ji)就讲肆,妥(tuo)遂引古今滞义以(yi)难,善(shan)(shan)(shan)多不能(neng)对(dui)。善(shan)(shan)(shan)深衔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),二(er)人由是有(you)隙。善(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)高(gao)(gao)颎有(you)宰(zai)相(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具,尝言(yan)于(yu)上曰:“杨素粗(cu)疏,苏威怯芃,元(yuan)胄、元(yuan)旻,正似鸭耳。可以(yi)付社稷者(zhe),唯独高(gao)(gao)颎。”上初(chu)然(ran)(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)颎得(de)罪,上以(yi)善(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)为颎游说,深责望(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。善(shan)(shan)(shan)忧惧,先患消渴,于(yu)是疾动而(er)卒,时年六十。
辛彦之
辛(xin)彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),陇西狄道人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。祖世叙,魏凉州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。父灵(ling)辅,周滑(hua)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九岁而孤,不交非(fei)类,博涉(she)经史(shi),与(yu)天(tian)水牛弘(hong)同志好学。后(hou)(hou)(hou)入关,遂家京兆。周太祖见(jian)而器之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),引为(wei)中外府礼曹,赐(ci)以(yi)衣马(ma)珠玉。时国(guo)家草创,百度伊始,朝(chao)贵多出武人(ren)(ren),修定仪(yi)(yi)(yi)注,唯(wei)彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而已。寻拜中书(shu)侍郎。及周闵帝(di)受禅,彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)少宗(zong)伯卢(lu)辩(bian)专掌仪(yi)(yi)(yi)制。明、武时,历职典祀,太祝(zhu)、乐部(bu)(bu)、御(yu)正(zheng)四曹大夫,开(kai)府仪(yi)(yi)(yi)同三司。奉使迎(ying)突厥皇后(hou)(hou)(hou)还,赉马(ma)二百匹,赐(ci)爵(jue)龙门县(xian)公,邑千户(hu)。寻进爵(jue)五原郡公,加邑千户(hu)。宣帝(di)即位,拜少宗(zong)伯。高(gao)祖受禅,除太常少卿,改封任城(cheng)郡公,进位上(shang)开(kai)府。寻转国(guo)子祭酒(jiu)。岁余,拜礼部(bu)(bu)尚书(shu),与(yu)秘书(shu)监牛弘(hong)撰(zhuan)《新礼》。吴兴(xing)沈重(zhong)名为(wei)硕学,高(gao)祖尝令彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)与(yu)重(zhong)论议,重(zhong)不能抗,于(yu)是避(bi)席而谢曰(yue):“辛(xin)君所(suo)谓金(jin)城(cheng)汤(tang)池,无可攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势。”高(gao)祖大悦。后(hou)(hou)(hou)拜随(sui)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)。于(yu)时州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)牧多贡珍玩,唯(wei)彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)贡,并供祭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。高(gao)祖善之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),顾谓朝(chao)臣曰(yue):“人(ren)(ren)安得无学!彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)贡,稽(ji)古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力也(ye)。”迁(qian)潞州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi),前后(hou)(hou)(hou)俱有惠(hui)政(zheng)。彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又崇信(xin)佛道,于(yu)城(cheng)内立浮图二所(suo),并十五层。开(kai)皇十一年,州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)人(ren)(ren)张元暴死,数日乃(nai)苏,云游天(tian)上(shang),见(jian)新构一堂(tang),制极崇丽。元问其(qi)故,人(ren)(ren)云潞州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)辛(xin)彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有功德,造此(ci)堂(tang)以(yi)待之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闻而不悦。其(qi)年卒(zu)官(guan)(guan)。谥曰(yue)宣。彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撰(zhuan)《坟(fen)典》一部(bu)(bu),《六官(guan)(guan)》一部(bu)(bu),《祝(zhu)文》一部(bu)(bu),《新要》一部(bu)(bu),《新礼》一部(bu)(bu),《五经异义》一部(bu)(bu),并行于(yu)世。有子仲龛,官(guan)(guan)至猗氏令。
何妥萧该包凯
何(he)(he)妥(tuo)(tuo),字(zi)栖凤,西城人(ren)也。父(fu)细胡,通商入蜀,遂家郫县,事(shi)梁武(wu)陵(ling)王妃,主知金(jin)帛(bo),因致巨富,号为(wei)西州大贾。妥(tuo)(tuo)少(shao)机警,八(ba)岁游国子(zi)学(xue),助教顾(gu)(gu)良(liang)戏(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue): “汝既姓何(he)(he),是荷(he)叶之(zhi)(zhi)荷(he),为(wei)是河水之(zhi)(zhi)河?”应声答曰(yue):“先生姓顾(gu)(gu),是眷顾(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)顾(gu)(gu),是新故之(zhi)(zhi)故?”众咸(xian)异(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)。十七,以技巧事(shi)湘(xiang)东王,后(hou)知其(qi)聪明,召为(wei)诵书左(zuo)右。时(shi)兰陵(ling)萧亦(yi)有(you)俊才,住青杨巷,妥(tuo)(tuo)住白(bai)杨头(tou),时(shi)人(ren)为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)语曰(yue):“世有(you)两俊,白(bai)杨何(he)(he)妥(tuo)(tuo),青杨萧。”其(qi)见美如(ru)此。江陵(ling)陷,周武(wu)帝尤重之(zhi)(zhi),授太学(xue)博士。宣帝初欲立(li)五(wu)(wu)后(hou),以问儒者辛彦(yan)之(zhi)(zhi),对曰(yue):“后(hou)与天子(zi)匹(pi)体齐尊(zun),不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)有(you)五(wu)(wu)。”妥(tuo)(tuo)驳曰(yue): “帝喾四(si)妃,舜又二妃,亦(yi)何(he)(he)常数?”由是封襄城县伯。高祖受禅(shan),除(chu)国子(zi)博士,加通直散骑常侍,进爵为(wei)公。妥(tuo)(tuo)性劲急,有(you)口才,好是非人(ren)物。时(shi)纳言(yan)苏威(wei)尝言(yan)于(yu)上(shang)曰(yue):“臣先人(ren)每诫(jie)臣云,唯(wei)读《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》一卷,足可立(li)身治国,何(he)(he)用多为(wei)!”上(shang)亦(yi)然(ran)之(zhi)(zhi)。妥(tuo)(tuo)进曰(yue):“苏威(wei)所学(xue),非止(zhi)《孝(xiao)(xiao)经》。厥父(fu)若(ruo)信有(you)此言(yan),威(wei)不(bu)(bu)从训,是其(qi)不(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)(xiao)。若(ruo)无此言(yan),面欺陛(bi)下,是其(qi)不(bu)(bu)诚(cheng)。不(bu)(bu)诚(cheng)不(bu)(bu)孝(xiao)(xiao),何(he)(he)以事(shi)君(jun)!且夫子(zi)有(you)云:‘不(bu)(bu)读《诗》无以言(yan),不(bu)(bu)读《礼》无以立(li)。’岂容(rong)苏绰教子(zi)独反圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)训乎?”威(wei)时(shi)兼领五(wu)(wu)职,上(shang)甚亲(qin)重之(zhi)(zhi),妥(tuo)(tuo)因奏威(wei)不(bu)(bu)可信任。又以掌天文律(lv)度,皆不(bu)(bu)称职,妥(tuo)(tuo)又上(shang)八(ba)事(shi)以谏:
其(qi)一事曰:臣闻(wen)知人(ren)(ren)则哲,惟帝难之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。孔(kong)子曰:“举(ju)(ju)直(zhi)错(cuo)诸(zhu)枉(wang)则民(min)服(fu),举(ju)(ju)枉(wang)错(cuo)诸(zhu)直(zhi)则民(min)不(bu)(bu)服(fu)。”由(you)此言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),政(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治乱(luan),必慎所举(ju)(ju),故进贤受上(shang)赏,蔽(bi)贤蒙(meng)显戮。察今之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren),良异于(yu)此,无论谄(chan)直(zhi),莫(mo)择贤愚(yu)。心欲崇(chong)高,则起家喉舌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任;意须(xu)抑屈,必白首郎(lang)署之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官(guan)。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)服(fu),实由(you)于(yu)此。臣闻(wen)爵(jue)人(ren)(ren)于(yu)朝,与士共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),刑人(ren)(ren)于(yu)市,与众弃(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。伏见留心狱讼(song),爱人(ren)(ren)如子,每(mei)应决狱,无不(bu)(bu)询访群(qun)公,刑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)滥,君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明也。刑既如此,爵(jue)亦宜然(ran)。若(ruo)有(you)懋功(gong)简在(zai)帝心者,便可擢用(yong)。自(zi)斯以降(jiang),若(ruo)选重官(guan),必须(xu)参以众议(yi),勿信一人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju)(ju);则上(shang)不(bu)(bu)偏私(si),下无怨(yuan)望。
其二(er)事曰:孔(kong)子云:“是察阿党(dang)(dang),则(ze)罪无掩(yan)蔽。”又曰:“君子周而不比,小人比而不周。”所谓比者,即阿党(dang)(dang)也。谓心之所爱,既已(yi)光华荣显,犹加(jia)提(ti)挈;心之所恶,既已(yi)沈滞屈辱,薄言(yan)必怒。提(ti)挈既成,必相(xiang)掩(yan)蔽,则(ze)欺上之心生矣;屈辱既加(jia),则(ze)有怨恨,谤(bang)讟(du)之言(yan)出矣。伏愿广加(jia)逖访,勿(wu)使(shi)朋党(dang)(dang)路开(kai),威恩自任。有国之患(huan),莫大于此。
其三事曰(yue)(yue):臣闻(wen)舜举(ju)(ju)十六族,所谓(wei)八元(yuan)、八恺也。计其贤(xian)明,理优今(jin)(jin)日,犹复择(ze)才(cai)授任(ren),不相侵滥,故(gu)得(de)四门雍穆,庶绩咸熙。今(jin)(jin)官员极(ji)多,用人(ren)(ren)甚少(shao),有(you)(you)一人(ren)(ren)身上(shang)乃(nai)兼数职,为(wei)(wei)是(shi)国(guo)无人(ren)(ren)也?为(wei)(wei)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)不善也?今(jin)(jin)万(wan)乘大国(guo),髦彦(yan)不少(shao),纵有(you)(you)明哲,无由自达。东方朔言(yan)曰(yue)(yue):“尊之则为(wei)(wei)将,卑之则为(wei)(wei)虏。”斯言(yan)信(xin)矣(yi)。今(jin)(jin)当官之人(ren)(ren),不度德量力(li),既无吕望(wang)、傅说之能,自负傅岩(yan)、滋水之气(qi),不虑忧深责重(zhong),唯畏总领不多,安斯宠任(ren),轻(qing)彼权轴,好(hao)致颠蹶(jue),实(shi)此之由。《易》曰(yue)(yue):“鼎折足,覆公餗,其形渥,凶。”言(yan)不胜其任(ren)也。臣闻(wen)穷力(li)举(ju)(ju)重(zhong),不能为(wei)(wei)用。伏愿(yuan)更任(ren)贤(xian)良,分才(cai)参(can)掌,使各行有(you)(you)余(yu)力(li),则庶事康(kang)哉(zai)。
其(qi)四事曰:臣闻《礼》云:“析(xi)言破律,乱名(ming)改(gai)作,执左道(dao)以乱政者杀。”孔子曰:“仍(reng)旧(jiu)贯,何必改(gai)作。”伏见比年(nian)(nian)以来,改(gai)作者多矣。至如范威漏刻(ke),十载(zai)不成(cheng);赵翊(yi)尺(chi)称(cheng),七(qi)年(nian)(nian)方(fang)决(jue)。公孙济(ji)迂诞医方(fang),费逾巨万;徐道(dao)庆(qing)回互(hu)子午(wu),糜耗饮食(shi)。常(chang)明破律,多历岁(sui)时(shi);王渥乱名(ming),曾无(wu)纪极(ji)。张山居未知星位,前已(yi)蹂藉太(tai)常(chang);曹魏祖(zu)不识北辰(chen),今复辚(lin)轹太(tai)史。莫不用(yong)其(qi)短见,便自(zi)夸毗,邀射名(ming)誉,厚相诬罔。请今日已(yi)后,有如此者,若(ruo)其(qi)言不验,必加重罚,庶(shu)令有所(suo)畏忌,不敢轻奏狂(kuang)简。
其余文多(duo)不(bu)(bu)载。时苏(su)威权兼数司,先尝隐武功(gong),故妥言自负(fu)傅岩、滋水之气,以此激(ji)上(shang)。书(shu)奏,威大衔之。十二(er)年,威定(ding)考文学(xue),又与(yu)妥更相诃诋。威勃(bo)然曰: “无何(he)妥,不(bu)(bu)虑无博士!”妥应声(sheng)曰:“无苏(su)威,亦何(he)忧无执事!”由是与(yu)威有(you)隙。其后(hou)上(shang)令(ling)妥考定(ding)钟律,妥又上(shang)表曰:
臣(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)明则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le),幽则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)有鬼神,然则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)动天地(di),感鬼神,莫(mo)近(jin)于礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)。又云乐(le)(le)(le)(le)至则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)无怨(yuan),礼(li)至则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不争(zheng),揖让而(er)治天下者,礼(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓也(ye)。臣(chen)(chen)闻(wen)(wen)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)有二(er),一曰(yue)奸声(sheng),二(er)曰(yue)正声(sheng)。夫奸声(sheng)感人(ren)(ren)而(er)逆气应(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),逆气成象而(er)淫(yin)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)兴焉。正声(sheng)感人(ren)(ren)而(er)顺(shun)气应(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),顺(shun)气成象而(er)和(he)(he)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)兴焉。故(gu)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)行而(er)伦清(qing),耳目聪明,血气和(he)(he)平,移风易俗,天下皆宁。孔子(zi)曰(yue):“放郑(zheng)(zheng)声(sheng),远佞人(ren)(ren)。”故(gu)郑(zheng)(zheng)、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)、宋、赵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)声(sheng)出(chu),内(nei)(nei)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)发疾,外则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)伤(shang)人(ren)(ren)。是以(yi)(yi)宫乱则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)荒(huang),其(qi)(qi)(qi)君骄;商乱则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)陂(po),其(qi)(qi)(qi)官(guan)坏;角乱则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)忧,其(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)怨(yuan);徵乱则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)哀,其(qi)(qi)(qi)事勤(qin);羽乱则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)危,其(qi)(qi)(qi)财匮(kui)。五者皆乱,则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)国亡无日(ri)矣。魏文侯问(wen)子(zi)夏(xia)曰(yue):“吾(wu)端冕(mian)而(er)听(ting)古乐(le)(le)(le)(le)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)欲(yu)寐,听(ting)郑(zheng)(zheng)、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音而(er)不知(zhi)倦,何也(ye)?”子(zi)夏(xia)对(dui)曰(yue):“夫古乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者,始奏以(yi)(yi)文,复(fu)乱以(yi)(yi)武,修身及家,平均天下。郑(zheng)(zheng)、卫(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)音者,奸声(sheng)以(yi)(yi)乱,溺(ni)而(er)不止(zhi),飖杂子(zi)女,不知(zhi)父子(zi)。今君所问(wen)者乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye),所爱(ai)者音也(ye)。夫乐(le)(le)(le)(le)与音,相近(jin)而(er)不同(tong)(tong),为(wei)人(ren)(ren)君者,谨审(shen)其(qi)(qi)(qi)好恶(e)。”案(an)圣人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)也(ye),非止(zhi)苟悦(yue)耳目而(er)已矣。欲(yu)使(shi)在(zai)宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei),君臣(chen)(chen)同(tong)(tong)听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莫(mo)不和(he)(he)敬;在(zai)乡里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei),长幼同(tong)(tong)听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莫(mo)不和(he)(he)顺(shun);在(zai)闺门之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内(nei)(nei),父子(zi)同(tong)(tong)听(ting)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)莫(mo)不和(he)(he)亲。此先王立(li)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)也(ye)。故(gu)知(zhi)声(sheng)而(er)不知(zhi)音者,禽兽是也(ye),知(zhi)音而(er)不知(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者,众庶(shu)是也(ye)。故(gu)黄钟大吕(lv),弦歌干(gan)戚,僮子(zi)皆能(neng)儛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。能(neng)知(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)者,其(qi)(qi)(qi)唯君子(zi)!不知(zhi)声(sheng)者,不可(ke)与言音,不知(zhi)音者,不可(ke)与言乐(le)(le)(le)(le),知(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)(le)则(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)几(ji)于道矣。纣为(wei)无道,太师抱乐(le)(le)(le)(le)器以(yi)(yi)奔周。晋(jin)君德薄,师旷固惜清(qing)徵。
上古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时(shi),未有(you)(you)音(yin)乐(le)(le)(le),鼓腹(fu)击壤,乐(le)(le)(le)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)间。《易》曰:“先王(wang)作乐(le)(le)(le)崇德(de)(de),殷(yin)荐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上帝(di)(di),以配祖考。”至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黄(huang)帝(di)(di)作《咸池》,颛顼(xu)作《六(liu)茎》,帝(di)(di)喾(ku)作《五(wu)英》,尧作《大(da)(da)(da)(da)章》,舜(shun)作《大(da)(da)(da)(da)韶》,禹作《大(da)(da)(da)(da)夏(xia)》,汤作《大(da)(da)(da)(da)濩》,武王(wang)作《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》,从夏(xia)以来(lai),年代久远,唯有(you)(you)名字,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)声(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得(de)闻。自殷(yin)至周,备(bei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)《诗》《颂》。故自圣(sheng)贤已下(xia),多习乐(le)(le)(le)者,至如伏羲减瑟,文(wen)(wen)王(wang)足琴,仲(zhong)尼击磬(qing),子路鼓瑟,汉高(gao)击筑(zhu),元帝(di)(di)吹箫。汉高(gao)祖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu),叔孙(sun)通因(yin)(yin)秦(qin)乐(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)制宗庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)。迎(ying)神于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)庙门,奏(zou)《嘉(jia)至》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),犹古降神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇帝(di)(di)入庙门,奏(zou)《永至》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),以为(wei)行步之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)节,犹古《采(cai)荠》、《肆(si)夏(xia)》也(ye)(ye)(ye)。乾豆上荐,奏(zou)《登歌(ge)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),犹古清庙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歌(ge)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《登歌(ge)》再终,奏(zou)《休成》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),美(mei)神飨也(ye)(ye)(ye)。皇帝(di)(di)就东(dong)厢坐定(ding),奏(zou)《永安》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le)(le),美(mei)礼成也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《休成》、《永至》二曲,叔孙(sun)通所制也(ye)(ye)(ye)。汉高(gao)祖庙奏(zou)《武德(de)(de)》、《文(wen)(wen)始》、《五(wu)行》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)儛,当(dang)春(chun)秋时(shi),陈(chen)(chen)公(gong)子完奔齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),陈(chen)(chen)是(shi)(shi)舜(shun)后,故齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)《韶》乐(le)(le)(le),孔子在(zai)(zai)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)闻《韶》,三(san)月不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知肉味是(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。秦(qin)始皇灭齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),得(de)齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)《韶》乐(le)(le)(le)。汉高(gao)祖灭秦(qin),《韶》传于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)汉,高(gao)祖改名《文(wen)(wen)始》,以示(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相袭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。《五(wu)行儛》者,本周《大(da)(da)(da)(da)武》乐(le)(le)(le)也(ye)(ye)(ye),始皇改曰《五(wu)行》。及于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)孝文(wen)(wen),复作四(si)时(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亻(ren)舞,以示(shi)天下(xia)安和,四(si)时(shi)顺也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孝景采(cai)《武德(de)(de)儛》以为(wei)《昭德(de)(de)》,孝宣又采(cai)《昭德(de)(de)》以为(wei)《盛德(de)(de)》,虽(sui)变其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)名,大(da)(da)(da)(da)抵皆(jie)因(yin)(yin)秦(qin)旧事。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)魏、晋(jin),皆(jie)用古乐(le)(le)(le)。魏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)祖,并(bing)制乐(le)(le)(le)辞(ci)。自永嘉(jia)播越(yue),五(wu)都倾(qing)荡,乐(le)(le)(le)声(sheng)南度,是(shi)(shi)以大(da)(da)(da)(da)备(bei)江东(dong)。宋、齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)已来(lai),至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)梁代,所行乐(le)(le)(le)事,犹皆(jie)传古,三(san)雍四(si)始,实称大(da)(da)(da)(da)盛。及侯景篡逆,乐(le)(le)(le)师分散,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)四(si)儛、三(san)调,悉(xi)度伪齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。齐(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氏(shi)虽(sui)知传受,得(de)曲而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宗庙朝廷也(ye)(ye)(ye)。臣少好音(yin)律,留意管弦,年虽(sui)耆老(lao),颇(po)皆(jie)记忆。及东(dong)土克定(ding),乐(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)悉(xi)返,访其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)逗遛,果云是(shi)(shi)梁人(ren)(ren)所教。今三(san)调、四(si)儛并(bing)皆(jie)有(you)(you)手,虽(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能精熟(shu),亦颇(po)具(ju)雅声(sheng)。若令教习传授,庶(shu)得(de)流传古乐(le)(le)(le)。然后取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)会归,撮其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)指要,因(yin)(yin)循损益,更制嘉(jia)名。歌(ge)盛德(de)(de)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)当(dang)今,传雅正于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)来(lai)叶,岂(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)美(mei)与(yu)!谨具(ju)录(lu)三(san)调、四(si)舞曲名,又制歌(ge)辞(ci)如别。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)声(sheng)曲流宕,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可以陈(chen)(chen)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)殿庭者,亦悉(xi)附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)后。
书奏,别(bie)敕太常取妥(tuo)节度(du)。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)作清、平、瑟三调(diao)声,又作八佾(yi)、《鞞(bing)》、《铎》、《巾》、《拂》四舞(wu)。先是(shi),太常所(suo)传宗庙(miao)雅乐,数(shu)十(shi)年(nian)唯作大(da)吕,废黄钟。妥(tuo)又以深(shen)乖(guai)古(gu)意,乃(nai)奏请用黄钟。诏(zhao)(zhao)下(xia)公卿议(yi),从之(zhi)。俄而妥(tuo)子蔚为(wei)秘书郎,有罪当刑,上(shang)(shang)哀之(zhi),减死论。是(shi)后恩(en)礼渐薄(bo)。六(liu)年(nian),出(chu)为(wei)龙州刺(ci)史(shi)。时(shi)有负笈游(you)学者(zhe),妥(tuo)皆(jie)为(wei)讲(jiang)说教授(shou)之(zhi)。为(wei)《刺(ci)史(shi)箴》,勒(le)于(yu)(yu)州门外。在职(zhi)三年(nian),以疾请还,诏(zhao)(zhao)许之(zhi)。复知(zhi)学事(shi)。时(shi)上(shang)(shang)方使苏夔(kui)在太常,参议(yi)钟律。夔(kui)有所(suo)建(jian)议(yi),朝士多从之(zhi),妥(tuo)独(du)不(bu)同(tong),每言夔(kui)之(zhi)短。高祖下(xia)其(qi)议(yi),朝臣多排妥(tuo)。妥(tuo)复上(shang)(shang)封事(shi),指(zhi)陈(chen)得失,大(da)抵(di)论时(shi)政损益,并指(zhi)斥当世朋党。于(yu)(yu)是(shi)苏威及吏(li)部(bu)尚书卢恺、侍(shi)郎薛(xue)道衡等(deng)皆(jie)坐(zuo)得罪。除伊(yi)州刺(ci)史(shi),不(bu)行,寻为(wei)国子祭(ji)酒(jiu)。卒官。谥曰(yue)肃。撰《周易讲(jiang)疏》十(shi)三卷,《孝经义(yi)疏》三卷,《庄子义(yi)疏》四卷,及与沈重等(deng)撰《三十(shi)六(liu)科(ke)鬼神(shen)感应等(deng)大(da)义(yi)》九(jiu)卷,《封禅书》一(yi)卷,《乐要》一(yi)卷,文集十(shi)卷,并行于(yu)(yu)世。
兰陵萧该者(zhe),梁鄱阳(yang)王恢之孙也。少封攸(you)侯。梁荆州陷,与何妥(tuo)同至长(zhang)安。性笃学,《诗(shi)》、《书(shu)》、《春秋》、《礼(li)记(ji)》并通大义,尤精《汉书(shu)》,甚为贵(gui)游所(suo)礼(li)。开皇初,赐爵山(shan)阴(yin)县(xian)公,拜国子博士。奉(feng)诏书(shu)与妥(tuo)正定(ding)经史(shi),然各执所(suo)见,递(di)相是非,久而不能(neng)就,上谴而罢之。该后撰《汉书(shu)》及《文选》音义,咸为当时所(suo)贵(gui)。
东海包(bao)恺,字和乐。其兄愉,明《五经》,恺悉(xi)传其业。又从王(wang)仲通受《史记》、《汉书(shu)(shu)》,尤称(cheng)精究。大(da)业中,为国子助教。于时(shi)《汉书(shu)(shu)》学者,以萧、包(bao)二人(ren)为宗(zong)匠(jiang)。聚徒教授,著(zhu)录者数千人(ren),卒,门人(ren)为起坟立碣焉。
房晖远
房(fang)晖(hui)远,字崇儒(ru),恆山真定(ding)人也。世传儒(ru)学(xue)(xue)(xue)。晖(hui)远幼有志行,治《三礼》、《春秋三传》、《诗(shi)》、《书》、《周易(yi)》,兼善(shan)图纬,恆以教授为(wei)务。远方负笈而(er)从者,动以千计。齐南阳王绰为(wei)定(ding)州刺史,闻其(qi)名(ming),召为(wei)博(bo)士(shi)。周武(wu)帝(di)平(ping)齐,搜(sou)访(fang)儒(ru)俊,晖(hui)远首应(ying)辟命,授小学(xue)(xue)(xue)下士(shi)。及高(gao)祖受禅,迁(qian)太(tai)(tai)常(chang)博(bo)士(shi)。太(tai)(tai)常(chang)卿牛弘(hong)每称(cheng)为(wei)五(wu)经库。吏部尚书韦世康荐(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),为(wei)太(tai)(tai)学(xue)(xue)(xue)博(bo)士(shi)。寻与沛公(gong)郑译(yi)修(xiu)正(zheng)乐(le)(le)章。丁(ding)母忧,解(jie)任。后数岁,授殄寇(kou)将(jiang)军,复为(wei)太(tai)(tai)常(chang)博(bo)士(shi)。未几,擢为(wei)国(guo)子(zi)博(bo)士(shi)。会上令国(guo)子(zi)生通一(yi)经者,并悉荐(jian)举,将(jiang)擢用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。既(ji)策问讫,博(bo)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)能时定(ding)臧否(fou)。祭(ji)(ji)酒元善(shan)怪问之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),晖(hui)远曰(yue):“江南、河北,义例不(bu)(bu)同,博(bo)士(shi)不(bu)(bu)能遍涉。学(xue)(xue)(xue)生皆(jie)持其(qi)所(suo)(suo)短(duan),称(cheng)己所(suo)(suo)长(zhang),博(bo)士(shi)各各自(zi)疑(yi),所(suo)(suo)以久而(er)不(bu)(bu)决(jue)也。”祭(ji)(ji)酒因令晖(hui)远考定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),晖(hui)远览笔便下,初无(wu)(wu)疑(yi)滞。或有不(bu)(bu)服者,晖(hui)远问其(qi)所(suo)(suo)传义疏,辄为(wei)始末诵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后出其(qi)所(suo)(suo)短(duan),自(zi)是无(wu)(wu)敢(gan)饰非者。所(suo)(suo)试四五(wu)百人,数日(ri)便决(jue),诸儒(ru)莫不(bu)(bu)推其(qi)通博(bo),皆(jie)自(zi)以为(wei)不(bu)(bu)能测也。寻奉诏预修(xiu)令式。高(gao)祖尝谓(wei)群臣(chen)曰(yue):“自(zi)古天子(zi)有女乐(le)(le)乎(hu)?”杨素(su)以下莫知所(suo)(suo)出,遂言(yan)无(wu)(wu)女乐(le)(le)。晖(hui)远进曰(yue):“臣(chen)闻‘窈窕淑(shu)女,钟鼓乐(le)(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)’,此即王者房(fang)中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)(le),著于《雅(ya)颂》,不(bu)(bu)得(de)言(yan)无(wu)(wu)。”高(gao)祖大悦。仁(ren)寿中(zhong)卒官(guan),时年七十二,朝廷嗟惜(xi)焉,赗赙甚厚,赠员(yuan)外散骑常(chang)侍。
马光
马光(guang)(guang),字(zi)荣(rong)(rong)伯,武安(an)人也。少好学(xue)(xue),从师数十年,昼夜不息,图(tu)书(shu)(shu)谶纬(wei),莫不毕览(lan),尤明《三(san)礼》,为(wei)儒者(zhe)所宗(zong)(zong)。开皇初,高祖(zu)征(zheng)山(shan)东义学(xue)(xue)之(zhi)士(shi),光(guang)(guang)与张仲让、孔笼、窦(dou)士(shi)荣(rong)(rong)、张黑奴、刘祖(zu)仁等俱至(zhi),并(bing)授(shou)太学(xue)(xue)博士(shi),时(shi)(shi)人号(hao)为(wei)六(liu)儒。然皆鄙野无仪范,朝廷不之(zhi)贵也。士(shi)荣(rong)(rong)寻病(bing)死。仲让未几(ji)告(gao)归乡里,著书(shu)(shu)十卷,自云此(ci)书(shu)(shu)若奏,我必为(wei)宰(zai)相。又数言玄象事。州县列(lie)上其(qi)状,竟坐诛(zhu)。孔笼、张黑奴、刘祖(zu)仁未几(ji)亦被(bei)谴去(qu)。唯光(guang)(guang)独存。尝因(yin)释奠,高祖(zu)亲幸(xing)国子学(xue)(xue),王公以下(xia)毕集。光(guang)(guang)升座讲礼,启发章门。已而诸儒生以次(ci)论难者(zhe)十余人,皆当时(shi)(shi)硕学(xue)(xue),光(guang)(guang)剖析(xi)疑滞,虽辞非俊辨(bian),而理(li)义弘赡,论者(zhe)莫测其(qi)浅深(shen),咸(xian)共推服,上嘉而劳焉。山(shan)东《三(san)礼》学(xue)(xue)者(zhe),自熊安(an)生后,唯宗(zong)(zong)光(guang)(guang)一人。初,教授(shou)瀛、博间,门徒千数,至(zhi)是多(duo)负笈从入长安(an)。后数年,丁母忧(you)归乡里,遂(sui)有终焉之(zhi)志(zhi)。以疾卒于(yu)家,时(shi)(shi)年七十三(san)。
刘焯
刘焯(zhuo)(zhuo),字(zi)士元,信都昌亭人(ren)也(ye)。父洽,郡功曹。焯(zhuo)(zhuo)犀额龟(gui)背,望高视远(yuan)(yuan),聪敏沈深(shen),弱不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)好(hao)弄。少与(yu)(yu)河间刘炫结(jie)盟为友,同(tong)(tong)受《诗(shi)》于(yu)同(tong)(tong)郡刘轨思,受《左(zuo)传》于(yu)广平郭懋常,问《礼》于(yu)阜城熊安生(sheng),皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)卒(zu)业(ye)而(er)去。武强交津桥刘智海家素(su)多坟籍,焯(zhuo)(zhuo)与(yu)(yu)炫就之读(du)书,向经十载,虽衣食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)继,晏如也(ye)。遂以(yi)儒学知名(ming)(ming),为州(zhou)博士。刺史赵煚引为从(cong)事,举秀才,射策(ce)甲科(ke)。与(yu)(yu)著作郎王(wang)(wang)(wang)劭同(tong)(tong)修(xiu)国史,兼参议律(lv)历(li),仍直(zhi)门下省,以(yi)待(dai)顾问。俄除员外将军。后(hou)(hou)与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)儒于(yu)秘书省考定(ding)群言。因(yin)假还乡(xiang)里(li),县(xian)令(ling)韦之业(ye)引为功曹。寻复入京(jing),与(yu)(yu)左(zuo)仆射杨素(su)、吏部(bu)(bu)尚书牛(niu)弘、国子(zi)(zi)祭酒苏威、国子(zi)(zi)祭酒元善、博士萧该(gai)、何妥、太(tai)学博士房晖远(yuan)(yuan)、崔宗德、晋王(wang)(wang)(wang)文(wen)学崔赜等于(yu)国子(zi)(zi)共论古今滞义(yi)前贤所不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)者(zhe)。每(mei)升(sheng)座,论难锋(feng)起,皆不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能屈,杨素(su)等莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)服其精博。六年(nian)(nian),运洛阳《石经》至京(jing)师,文(wen)字(zi)磨灭(mie),莫(mo)能知者(zhe),奉(feng)敕(chi)与(yu)(yu)刘炫等考定(ding)。后(hou)(hou)因(yin)国子(zi)(zi)释奠(dian),与(yu)(yu)炫二(er)(er)人(ren)论义(yi),深(shen)挫诸(zhu)(zhu)儒,咸(xian)怀妒恨,遂为飞章(zhang)(zhang)所谤,除名(ming)(ming)为民。于(yu)是优(you)游乡(xiang)里(li),专以(yi)教(jiao)授著述为务(wu),孜(zi)孜(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)倦。贾(jia)、马、王(wang)(wang)(wang)、郑所传章(zhang)(zhang)句(ju),多所是非。《九章(zhang)(zhang)算术(shu)》、《周髀》、《七曜历(li)书》十余部(bu)(bu),推步日(ri)月之经,量度山海之术(shu),莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)核其根本,穷其秘奥。著《稽极》十卷,《历(li)书》十卷,《五经述议》,并行(xing)于(yu)世。刘炫聪明博学,名(ming)(ming)亚于(yu)焯(zhuo)(zhuo),故时人(ren)称二(er)(er)刘焉。天(tian)下名(ming)(ming)儒后(hou)(hou)进,质疑受业(ye),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan)(yuan)千里(li)而(er)至者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可胜数。论者(zhe)以(yi)为数百年(nian)(nian)已来,博学通(tong)儒,无能出其右者(zhe)。然怀抱不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旷,又啬(se)于(yu)财(cai),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)束修(xiu)者(zhe),未尝有所教(jiao)诲(hui),时人(ren)以(yi)此少之。废太(tai)子(zi)(zi)勇闻(wen)而(er)召之,未及进谒,诏令(ling)事蜀(shu)王(wang)(wang)(wang),非其好(hao)也(ye),久之不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)至。王(wang)(wang)(wang)闻(wen)而(er)大(da)怒,遣(qian)人(ren)枷送于(yu)蜀(shu),配之军防。其后(hou)(hou)典(dian)校书籍。王(wang)(wang)(wang)以(yi)罪废,焯(zhuo)(zhuo)又与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)(zhu)儒修(xiu)定(ding)礼律(lv),除云(yun)骑尉。炀帝即(ji)位,迁太(tai)学博士,俄以(yi)疾去职。数年(nian)(nian),复被征以(yi)待(dai)顾问,因(yin)上(shang)所著《历(li)书》,与(yu)(yu)太(tai)史令(ling)张(zhang)胄(zhou)玄多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),被驳不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用。大(da)业(ye)六年(nian)(nian)卒(zu),时年(nian)(nian)六十七。刘炫为之请谥(shi),朝廷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)许。
刘炫
刘炫(xuan),字(zi)光伯(bo),河间(jian)景城人也。少以聪敏见称(cheng),与信都刘焯闭户读书,十年(nian)不(bu)(bu)出。炫(xuan)眸子精明,视日不(bu)(bu)眩,强记默识,莫与为(wei)俦。左画方,右画圆,口(kou)诵(song),目数,耳听(ting),五事同举,无(wu)有(you)遗失。周(zhou)武帝平齐,瀛州刺史宇文亢引为(wei)户曹从事。后(hou)刺史李(li)绘署礼曹从事,以吏(li)(li)干知名。岁余,奉敕与著作(zuo)郎王(wang)劭同修国史。俄直(zhi)门(men)下省(sheng)(sheng),以待顾问(wen)。又与诸术者修天文律历,兼(jian)于(yu)内(nei)史省(sheng)(sheng)考(kao)定群言,内(nei)史令博陵李(li)德林甚礼之(zhi)。炫(xuan)虽(sui)遍直(zhi)三省(sheng)(sheng),竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)得(de)官(guan),为(wei)县司(si)责其赋役。炫(xuan)自陈于(yu)内(nei)史,内(nei)史送诣吏(li)(li)部,吏(li)(li)部尚(shang)书韦世(shi)康问(wen)其所能(neng)。炫(xuan)自为(wei)状(zhuang)曰:“《周(zhou)礼》、《礼记》、《毛(mao)诗》、《尚(shang)书》、《公羊》、《左传》、《孝经》、《论语》孔、郑(zheng)、王(wang)、何(he)、服、杜等注,凡十三家,虽(sui)义有(you)精粗,并(bing)堪讲授。《周(zhou)易》、《仪礼》、《谷梁》,用(yong)功差少。史子文集,嘉言美(mei)事,咸(xian)诵(song)于(yu)心。天文律历,穷核微妙。至于(yu)公私文翰,未(wei)尝假手。” 吏(li)(li)部竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)详(xiang)试,然在朝知名之(zhi)士十余人,保明炫(xuan)所陈不(bu)(bu)谬,于(yu)是除殿内(nei)将军。
时(shi)牛弘奏请购求天下遗(yi)逸之(zhi)书(shu),炫(xuan)遂(sui)伪造(zao)书(shu)百(bai)余卷,题为(wei)《连山易》、《鲁(lu)史记》等(deng),录上送官,取(qu)赏而去(qu)。后有人讼之(zhi),经(jing)赦免死,坐(zuo)除名,归于家(jia),以教授为(wei)务。太(tai)子勇闻而召之(zhi),既至京师(shi),敕令事蜀王秀,迁延(yan)不往(wang)。蜀王大怒(nu),枷送益(yi)州。既而配为(wei)帐内,每使执杖为(wei)门卫。俄而释之(zhi),典校书(shu)史。炫(xuan)因拟屈原《卜居(ju)》,为(wei)《筮途(tu)》以自寄(ji)。
及蜀王废(fei),与诸(zhu)(zhu)儒修定(ding)《五礼》,授(shou)旅骑尉(wei)。吏部尚(shang)书(shu)牛弘建议,以(yi)为礼诸(zhu)(zhu)侯绝傍(bang)(bang)期,大(da)夫降(jiang)一等。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)柱国,虽不(bu)同古(gu)诸(zhu)(zhu)侯,比大(da)夫可也(ye),官(guan)在第(di)二(er)品,宜(yi)降(jiang)傍(bang)(bang)亲一等。议者(zhe)(zhe)多以(yi)为然。炫(xuan)驳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue):“古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕者(zhe)(zhe),宗(zong)一人(ren)而(er)已,庶子不(bu)得进。由(you)是先王重適(shi),其(qi)宗(zong)子有(you)分禄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义(yi)。族人(ren)与宗(zong)子虽疏远,犹服缞三月,良由(you)受其(qi)恩也(ye)。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕者(zhe)(zhe),位(wei)以(yi)才升,不(bu)限(xian)適(shi)庶,与古(gu)既(ji)异,何降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)。今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵者(zhe)(zhe),多忽近亲,若或降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),民(min)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疏,自此始(shi)矣。”遂寝其(qi)事。开皇二(er)十年,废(fei)国子四门及州县(xian)学,唯置(zhi)太(tai)学博士二(er)人(ren),学生七十二(er)人(ren)。炫(xuan)上(shang)表(biao)言学校不(bu)宜(yi)废(fei),情理甚切,高祖不(bu)纳。开皇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,国家殷盛,朝野皆以(yi)辽(liao)东(dong)为意。炫(xuan)以(yi)为辽(liao)东(dong)不(bu)可伐,作《抚夷论》以(yi)讽焉,当(dang)时(shi)莫有(you)悟(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)。及大(da)业(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季,三征不(bu)克,炫(xuan)言方验(yan)。
炀(yang)帝(di)即位,牛(niu)弘(hong)引炫(xuan)修(xiu)律令。高祖之(zhi)世,以(yi)刀笔(bi)吏类多小(xiao)人(ren),年(nian)久长(zhang)(zhang)奸,势(shi)使然也。又以(yi)风俗陵迟,妇人(ren)无节。于(yu)是立(li)(li)格,州县(xian)佐史(shi),三(san)年(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)代(dai)之(zhi),九品(pin)妻无得再(zai)醮。炫(xuan)著论(lun)以(yi)为不(bu)(bu)可,弘(hong)竟从(cong)(cong)之(zhi)。诸郡置(zhi)学官(guan),及流外给廪,皆(jie)(jie)发自(zi)于(yu)炫(xuan)。弘(hong)尝从(cong)(cong)容问炫(xuan)曰(yue):“案(an)《周礼(li)》士多而(er)(er)(er)(er)府(fu)史(shi)少,今(jin)令史(shi)百倍于(yu)前,判官(guan)减(jian)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)济,其(qi)(qi)(qi)故何(he)也?”炫(xuan)对(dui)曰(yue):“古人(ren)委(wei)任责成,岁(sui)终考其(qi)(qi)(qi)殿最,案(an)不(bu)(bu)重校,文(wen)不(bu)(bu)繁悉(xi)(xi),府(fu)史(shi)之(zhi)任,掌要目而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。古今(jin)不(bu)(bu)同,若此之(zhi)相(xiang)悬也,事(shi)(shi)(shi)繁政弊,职此之(zhi)由。”弘(hong)又问: “魏、齐之(zhi)时(shi),令史(shi)从(cong)(cong)容而(er)(er)(er)(er)已,今(jin)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)遑宁舍,其(qi)(qi)(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)何(he)由?”炫(xuan)对(dui)曰(yue):“齐氏(shi)立(li)(li)州不(bu)(bu)过数十,三(san)府(fu)行(xing)台,递相(xiang)统(tong)领,文(wen)书行(xing)下,不(bu)(bu)过十条。今(jin)州三(san)百,其(qi)(qi)(qi)繁一也。往者州唯(wei)置(zhi)纲(gang)纪,郡置(zhi)守丞(cheng),县(xian)唯(wei)令而(er)(er)(er)(er)已。其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)具僚,则(ze)长(zhang)(zhang)官(guan)自(zi)辟,受诏赴任,每州不(bu)(bu)过数十。今(jin)则(ze)不(bu)(bu)然,大小(xiao)之(zhi)官(guan),悉(xi)(xi)由吏部,纤介之(zhi)迹(ji),皆(jie)(jie)属考功,其(qi)(qi)(qi)繁二也。省(sheng)官(guan)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)省(sheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi),省(sheng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)清心。官(guan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)省(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)望从(cong)(cong)容,其(qi)(qi)(qi)可得乎(hu)?”弘(hong)甚(shen)善其(qi)(qi)(qi)言而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能用。纳言杨达举炫(xuan)博学有文(wen)章,射(she)策高第,除(chu)太学博士。岁(sui)余,以(yi)品(pin)卑去任,还至长(zhang)(zhang)平(ping),奉敕追诣行(xing)在所(suo)。或言其(qi)(qi)(qi)无行(xing),帝(di)遂罢之(zhi),归(gui)于(yu)河间。于(yu)时(shi)群(qun)盗蜂起(qi),谷(gu)食踊贵,经籍道息,教授(shou)不(bu)(bu)行(xing)。炫(xuan)与妻子相(xiang)去百里(li),声(sheng)问断绝(jue),郁郁不(bu)(bu)得志,乃自(zi)为赞曰(yue):
通人(ren)司马相如、扬(yang)子云、马季长、郑康成等,皆自叙风徽,传(chuan)(chuan)芳来(lai)叶。余(yu)岂敢(gan)仰(yang)均先(xian)达,贻(yi)笑众昆。待以(yi)日迫桑(sang)榆,大命将近,故(gu)友飘零,门徒(tu)雨散(san),溘(ke)死朝(chao)露,埋(mai)魂朔(shuo)野,亲故(gu)莫照其(qi)心,后人(ren)不(bu)见其(qi)迹(ji),殆及余(yu)喘,薄言(yan)胸臆,贻(yi)及行迈(mai),传(chuan)(chuan)示(shi)州里,使夫将来(lai)俊哲知(zhi)余(yu)鄙志耳。余(yu)从(cong)绾发以(yi)来(lai),迄(qi)于白(bai)首,婴孩为(wei)慈亲所恕,棰楚未尝加,从(cong)学为(wei)明师(shi)所矜,榎(jia)楚弗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及。暨(ji)乎(hu)敦(dun)叙邦族(zu),交结等夷(yi),重物轻身(shen),先(xian)人(ren)后己。昔在(zai)幼弱,乐参长者,爰及耆(qi)艾,数(shu)接后生(sheng)。学则(ze)服(fu)(fu)而不(bu)厌,诲则(ze)劳而不(bu)倦,幽情寡适(shi),心事方(fang)违(wei)。内省(sheng)生(sheng)平,顾循(xun)终始,其(qi)大幸(xing)(xing)有(you)四,其(qi)深(shen)恨有(you)一(yi)。性本愚蔽(bi),家业贫窭,为(wei)父兄(xiong)所饶,厕缙绅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末,遂得博览典诰(gao),窥涉今古,小善著于丘(qiu)园,虚(xu)(xu)名(ming)闻于邦国(guo),其(qi)幸(xing)(xing)一(yi)也(ye)。隐显人(ren)间,沈浮(fu)世俗,数(shu)忝(tian)徒(tu)劳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)职(zhi),久执城旦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)书,名(ming)不(bu)挂于白(bai)简,事不(bu)染于丹笔,立身(shen)立行,惭恧(nv)实多,启(qi)(qi)手启(qi)(qi)足,庶(shu)几(ji)可免,其(qi)幸(xing)(xing)二也(ye)。以(yi)此(ci)庸虚(xu)(xu),屡动(dong)神眷,以(yi)此(ci)卑(bei)贱(jian),每升天(tian)府(fu),齐镳骥騄,比(bi)翼鹓鸿,整缃素于凤池,记言(yan)动(dong)于麟阁,参谒宰(zai)辅(fu),造请(qing)群公(gong),厚礼(li)殊恩(en),增荣改(gai)价,其(qi)幸(xing)(xing)三也(ye)。昼漏方(fang)尽,大耋已嗟,退反初服(fu)(fu),归(gui)骸故(gu)里,玩文史(shi)以(yi)怡神,阅鱼(yu)鸟以(yi)散(san)虑,观(guan)省(sheng)野物,登(deng)临园沼,缓步(bu)代车(che),无罪为(wei)贵,其(qi)幸(xing)(xing)四也(ye)。仰(yang)休明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛世,慨(kai)道教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陵迟,蹈先(xian)儒(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逸轨,伤群言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芜(wu)秽,驰(chi)骛(wu)坟典,厘改(gai)僻(pi)谬(miu),修(xiu)撰始毕,图(tu)事适(shi)成,天(tian)违(wei)人(ren)愿(yuan),途(tu)不(bu)我(wo)与。世路(lu)未夷(yi),学校尽废,道不(bu)备于当时(shi),业不(bu)传(chuan)(chuan)于身(shen)后。衔恨泉壤,实在(zai)兹乎(hu)?其(qi)深(shen)恨一(yi)也(ye)。
时(shi)在郡城(cheng),粮饷断绝,其门(men)人多随盗贼,哀炫(xuan)穷乏,诣郡城(cheng)下索炫(xuan),郡官(guan)乃(nai)出炫(xuan)与之。炫(xuan)为贼所将(jiang),过城(cheng)下堡。未几(ji),贼为官(guan)军所破,炫(xuan)饥(ji)饿无所依(yi),复投(tou)县城(cheng)。长吏意(yi)炫(xuan)与贼相知,恐为后变,遂闭门(men)不(bu)纳。是时(shi)夜冰寒,因此冻(dong)馁(nei)而死(si),时(shi)年六(liu)十(shi)八。其后门(men)人谥(shi)曰(yue)宣德先生(sheng)。
炫性(xing)躁竞,颇俳谐,多自矜伐,好(hao)轻(qing)侮当世,为执政所丑,由是官途不遂。著《论语述议(yi)》十卷(juan)(juan),《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)攻昧》十卷(juan)(juan),《五经(jing)正名(ming)》十二卷(juan)(juan),《孝经(jing)述议(yi)》五卷(juan)(juan),《春(chun)(chun)秋(qiu)述议(yi)》四(si)十卷(juan)(juan),《尚(shang)书述议(yi)》二十卷(juan)(juan),《毛(mao)诗(shi)述议(yi)》四(si)十卷(juan)(juan),《注诗(shi)序》一卷(juan)(juan),《算术》一卷(juan)(juan),并行(xing)于世。
褚辉
吴(wu)郡褚辉(hui),字高明,以《三礼(li)》学(xue)称于江南。炀帝时(shi),征(zheng)天下儒术(shu)之士,悉集内(nei)史省,相次讲论,辉(hui)博辩,无能屈者,由是擢为太学(xue)博士。撰《礼(li)疏》一百(bai)卷。
顾彪
余杭顾(gu)彪,字仲(zhong)文,明《尚书(shu)》、《春(chun)秋》。炀帝时为秘书(shu)学士(shi),撰《古(gu)文尚书(shu)疏》二十卷(juan)。
鲁世达
余杭鲁世(shi)达(da),炀(yang)帝时(shi)为(wei)国(guo)子助教,撰《毛诗章句义疏(shu)》四十二卷,行于世(shi)。
张冲
吴郡(jun)张冲,字叔玄。仕陈(chen)为左中郎(lang)将,非其好(hao)也,乃覃思经典(dian),撰(zhuan)《春秋(qiu)义略》,异于杜氏七(qi)十(shi)余事,《丧服(fu)义》三(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《孝经义》三(san)(san)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《论语义》十(shi)卷(juan)(juan)(juan),《前(qian)汉音义》十(shi)二卷(juan)(juan)(juan)。官至(zhi)汉王侍读。
王孝籍
平原王(wang)孝籍,少好(hao)学,博览群言,遍治五(wu)经,颇(po)有文干。与河间刘炫(xuan)同志友善。开皇中,召入秘(mi)书(shu),助王(wang)劭(shao)修国史。劭(shao)不(bu)之(zhi)礼,在省(sheng)多年,而(er)不(bu)免输税。孝籍郁郁不(bu)得志,奏记于(yu)吏(li)部尚书(shu)牛弘曰:
窃以(yi)(yi)毒螫寔(shi)肤,则申旦(dan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)寐,饥寒切体,亦卒(zu)岁无(wu)(wu)聊。何(he)则?痛(tong)苦难以(yi)(yi)安,贫穷(qiong)易为(wei)(wei)蹙。况怀(huai)抱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,冰(bing)火铄脂膏,腠理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,风霜侵骨髓,安可齰舌缄脣(chun),吞声饮气,恶呻(shen)吟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)响(xiang),忍酸(suan)辛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)酷哉!伏惟明(ming)尚书公动哀矜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)色,开宽(kuan)裕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怀(huai),咳唾(tuo)足(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)活(huo)枯鳞,吹(chui)嘘可用(yong)飞穷(qiong)羽。芬(fen)椒兰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气,暖布帛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)词(ci),许小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请,闻大君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)听。虽复山川不(bu)(bu)(bu)远(yuan),鬼神在(zai)兹,信而有徵,言(yan)(yan)无(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)履,犹恐(kong)拯溺迟于(yu)援手,救(jiu)经缓(huan)于(yu)扶足(zu)(zu)。待越(yue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舟(zhou)楫,求鲁匠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云梯,则必悬于(yu)槁树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝,没于(yu)深(shen)渊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)底(di)矣。夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)一介贫人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),七年直(zhi)省,课(ke)役不(bu)(bu)(bu)免,庆赏(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)沾,卖贡(gong)禹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)田,供释之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)费,有弱子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)累,乏(fa)强兄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)产。加(jia)以(yi)(yi)老母(mu)在(zai)堂,光阴迟暮,寒暑违阙(que),关山超远(yuan),啮臂为(wei)(wei)期,前(qian)途逾邈,倚(yi)闾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,朝夕已勤。谢相如(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病,无(wu)(wu)官可以(yi)(yi)免,发(fa)梅福之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狂,非仙(xian)所能(neng)避。愁(chou)疾甚乎厉鬼,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生异夫(fu)金石。营魂且散,恐(kong)筮予(yu)无(wu)(wu)徵,赍恨入冥,则虚缘恩(en)顾,此乃王稽(ji)所以(yi)(yi)致言(yan)(yan),应(ying)侯(hou)为(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)乐(le)也。潜鬓发(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,居(ju)眉睫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)间,子(zi)野未(wei)(wei)曾(ceng)闻,离(li)硃所不(bu)(bu)(bu)见,沈沦(lun)东(dong)观,留滞南史,终无(wu)(wu)荐引,永同(tong)埋殡。三(san)世不(bu)(bu)(bu)移(yi),虽由寂寞,十年不(bu)(bu)(bu)调,实(shi)乏(fa)知己。夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)世出者,圣明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君也,不(bu)(bu)(bu)万(wan)一者,诚贤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣也。以(yi)(yi)夫(fu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)世出而逢不(bu)(bu)(bu)万(wan)一,此小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所以(yi)(yi)为(wei)(wei)明(ming)尚书幸也。坐人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源,运铨衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柄,反披狐白,不(bu)(bu)(bu)好缁衣,此小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)为(wei)(wei)明(ming)尚书不(bu)(bu)(bu)取也。昔荆玉未(wei)(wei)剖,刖卞和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)(zu),百里未(wei)(wei)用(yong),碎禽息之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首。居(ju)得言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di),有能(neng)用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)资,增耳目(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming),无(wu)(wu)手足(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蹙,惮(dan)而弗为(wei)(wei),孰知其(qi)(qi)解!夫(fu)官或不(bu)(bu)(bu)称(cheng)其(qi)(qi)能(neng),士(shi)或未(wei)(wei)申其(qi)(qi)屈,一夫(fu)窃议(yi),语流(liu)天下(xia)(xia)。劳不(bu)(bu)(bu)见图(tu),安能(neng)无(wu)(wu)望!傥病未(wei)(wei)及死(si),狂还克念,汗(han)穷(qiong)愁(chou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)简,属(shu)离(li)忧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)词(ci),记志(zhi)于(yu)前(qian)修,通心(xin)(xin)于(yu)来哲,使千载之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)(xia),哀其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇,追咎执(zhi)事,有点清(qing)尘,则不(bu)(bu)(bu)肖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)躯,死(si)生为(wei)(wei)累,小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,方且未(wei)(wei)刊。愿少加(jia)怜愍,留心(xin)(xin)无(wu)(wu)忽(hu)!
弘亦知其(qi)有(you)学业(ye),而竟(jing)不得调(diao)。后归乡里(li),以教授为(wei)业(ye),终于家。注(zhu)《尚书》及《诗》,遭乱零(ling)落。
史臣曰:古语云:“容体不足观,勇力不足恃,族姓不足道,先祖不足称,然而显闻四方,流声后胤者,其唯学乎?”信哉斯言也。晖远、荣伯之徒,笃志不倦,自求诸己,遂能闻道下风,称珍席上。或聚徒千百,或服冕乘轩,见重明时,实惟稽古之力也。江阳从容雅望,风韵闲远,清谈高论,籍甚当年;彦之敦经悦史,砥身砺行,志存典制,动蹈规矩;何妥通涉俊爽,神情警悟,雅有口才,兼擅词笔,然讦以为直,失儒者之风焉;刘焯道冠缙绅,数穷天象,既精且博,洞幽究微,铭深致远,源流不测,数百年来,斯人而已;刘炫学实通儒,才堪成务,九流七略,无不该览,虽探赜索隐,不逮于焯,裁成义说,文雅过之。并道亚生知,时不我与,或才登于下士,或馁弃于沟壑,惜矣。子夏有言:“死生有命,富贵在天。”天之所与者聪明,所不与者贵仕,上圣且犹不免,焯、炫其如命何!
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