列传第二十(shi)二 卢思(si)道从父兄昌衡
卢思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao),字子(zi)行,范阳(yang)人(ren)也(ye)。祖(zu)阳(yang)乌,魏秘书(shu)监。父道(dao)亮,隐居不仕。思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)聪爽俊(jun)辩,通侻不羁。年(nian)十六,遇中(zhong)山刘松(song),松(song)为(wei)人(ren)作(zuo)碑铭,以示思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)。思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)读(du)之(zhi)(zhi),多(duo)所不解,于(yu)(yu)是感激(ji),闭户读(du)书(shu),师事(shi)河间(jian)邢子(zi)才。后思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)复为(wei)文(wen)(wen),以示刘松(song),松(song)又不能(neng)甚解。思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)乃喟然(ran)叹(tan)曰:“学(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)有益,岂(qi)徒(tu)然(ran)哉!”因就魏收(shou)借异书(shu),数年(nian)之(zhi)(zhi)间(jian),才学(xue)兼(jian)著。然(ran)不持操行,好轻侮人(ren)。齐天保中(zhong),《魏史》未(wei)出(chu),思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)先已诵之(zhi)(zhi),由是大(da)被笞辱。前后屡(lv)犯,因而(er)不调。其(qi)(qi)后左仆(pu)射杨(yang)遵彦荐之(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)朝,解褐司空行参(can)军,长(zhang)兼(jian)员外散骑侍郎,直中(zhong)书(shu)省(sheng)。文(wen)(wen)宣(xuan)帝崩,当朝文(wen)(wen)士(shi)各(ge)作(zuo)挽歌十首(shou),择其(qi)(qi)善者而(er)用之(zhi)(zhi)。魏收(shou)、阳(yang)休(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)、祖(zu)孝徵等(deng)不过得(de)(de)一二首(shou),唯(wei)思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)独得(de)(de)八首(shou)。故时人(ren)称为(wei)“八米卢郎”。后漏(lou)泄省(sheng)中(zhong)语,出(chu)为(wei)丞(cheng)相西閤祭酒(jiu),历(li)太子(zi)舍(she)人(ren)、司徒(tu)录事(shi)参(can)军。每(mei)居官,多(duo)被谴辱。后以擅用库钱,免归于(yu)(yu)家(jia)。尝(chang)于(yu)(yu)蓟北怅(chang)然(ran)感慨,为(wei)五(wu)言诗(shi)为(wei)见意,人(ren)以为(wei)工(gong)。数年(nian),复为(wei)京畿(ji)主簿,历(li)主客郎、给(ji)事(shi)黄门侍郎,待诏文(wen)(wen)林馆(guan)。周(zhou)武帝平(ping)齐,授仪同(tong)三司,追赴(fu)长(zhang)安,与(yu)同(tong)辈(bei)阳(yang)休(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)数人(ren)作(zuo)《听蝉鸣(ming)篇(pian)》,思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)所为(wei),词意清(qing)切,为(wei)时人(ren)所重。新野庾信(xin)遍(bian)览诸同(tong)作(zuo)者,而(er)深叹(tan)美之(zhi)(zhi)。未(wei)几,以母疾还乡,遇同(tong)郡祖(zu)英伯及从兄昌期、宋护等(deng)举兵作(zuo)乱,思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)预焉。周(zhou)遣柱国宇(yu)文(wen)(wen)神举讨平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi),罪(zui)当法,已在死中(zhong)。神举素闻其(qi)(qi)名,引(yin)出(chu)之(zhi)(zhi),令(ling)作(zuo)露布。思(si)(si)(si)(si)道(dao)援(yuan)笔(bi)立(li)成(cheng),文(wen)(wen)无加点,神举嘉而(er)宥之(zhi)(zhi)。后除掌教(jiao)上士(shi)。高祖(zu)为(wei)丞(cheng)相,迁武阳(yang)太守,非其(qi)(qi)好也(ye)。为(wei)《孤(gu)鸿(hong)赋》以寄其(qi)(qi)情曰:
余(yu)志学之(zhi)(zhi)岁(sui),自乡里游京师,便(bian)见(jian)识知音(yin),历受群公之(zhi)(zhi)眷。年登弱冠,甫就朝列(lie),谈者(zhe)过误,遂窃虚名。通人杨令君、邢特进已(yi)下,皆分庭致(zhi)礼(li),倒屣(xi)相接(jie),翦拂吹嘘(xu),长其(qi)(qi)光价。而(er)才本驽(nu)拙,性实疏懒,势(shi)利(li)货(huo)殖,淡(dan)然不(bu)营。虽笼绊(ban)朝市(shi)且三(san)十(shi)载,而(er)独往之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)未(wei)始去怀抱也。摄生舛(chuan)和(he),有少气(qi)疾(ji)。分符(fu)坐啸,作守东原。洪河之(zhi)(zhi)湄,沃(wo)野弥望(wang),嚣务既(ji)屏,鱼鸟为(wei)邻。有离群之(zhi)(zhi)鸿,为(wei)罗(luo)者(zhe)所获,野人驯养,贡之(zhi)(zhi)于余(yu)。置诸池庭,朝夕赏玩,既(ji)用销忧,兼(jian)以轻(qing)疾(ji)。《大易》称(cheng)“鸿渐于陆”,羽仪盛(sheng)也。《扬(yang)子》曰(yue)“鸿飞冥冥”,骞翥(zhu)高(gao)也。《淮南(nan)》云“东归碣石(shi)”,违(wei)溽暑也。平子赋(fu)曰(yue)“南(nan)寓衡(heng)阳”,避祁(qi)寒也。若其(qi)(qi)雅步清音(yin),远心(xin)(xin)高(gao)致(zhi),鹓鸾以降,罕见(jian)其(qi)(qi)俦,而(er)铩(sha)翮墙阴,偶影独立,唼喋粃粺,鸡鹜为(wei)伍,不(bu)亦伤乎(hu)!余(yu)五十(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)年,忽(hu)焉已(yi)至(zhi),永言身事,慨(kai)然多(duo)绪(xu),乃为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)赋(fu),聊(liao)以自慰云。其(qi)(qi)词曰(yue):
惟此孤鸿(hong),擅奇羽(yu)虫(chong),实禀清(qing)高(gao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi),远(yuan)生辽碣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)东。氄(rong)毛将落,和鸣顺(shun)风(feng),壮冰(bing)云厚(hou),矫(jiao)翅排(pai)空(kong)。出岛(dao)屿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)绵邈,犯(fan)霜露(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溟濛,惊(jing)絓鱼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)密网,畏(wei)落雁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虚弓。若(ruo)其(qi)斗(dou)柄东指,女夷司月,乃(nai)遥集(ji)于(yu)(yu)寒门(men),遂(sui)轻举于(yu)(yu)玄(xuan)阙。至如天(tian)(tian)高(gao)气(qi)肃,摇落在时(shi),既啸俦于(yu)(yu)淮浦,亦弄吭于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)湄。摩赤霄(xiao)以(yi)凌厉(li),乘(cheng)丹(dan)气(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威夷,逆(ni)商飙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)袅袅,玩阳(yang)景之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)迟迟。彭蠡方春(chun),洞(dong)庭初绿,理(li)翮整翰,群(qun)浮(fu)侣(lv)浴。振(zhen)雪羽(yu)而(er)临风(feng),掩霜毛而(er)候旭(xu),餍江(jiang)湖(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菁藻,饫原(yuan)野之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)菽粟。行离离而(er)高(gao)逝,响(xiang)噰噰而(er)相续,洁齐国之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冰(bing)纨,皓密山(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)华玉(yu)。若(ruo)乃(nai)晨沐清(qing)露(lu)(lu),安趾(zhi)徐步;夕(xi)息(xi)芳(fang)洲,延颈乘(cheng)流;违寒竞逐,浮(fu)沅水宿;避暑言(yan)归,绝漠云飞。望玄(xuan)鹄而(er)为侣(lv),比硃(zhu)鹭而(er)相依,倦天(tian)(tian)衢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冥(ming)漠,降河(he)渚(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)芳(fang)菲。忽值罗人(ren)设网,虞者悬(xuan)机,永辞寥廓,蹈迹重围。始(shi)则窘束(shu)笼樊,忧惮刀(dao)俎,靡(mi)躯(qu)绝命,恨(hen)失其(qi)所(suo)。终(zhong)乃(nai)驯狎(xia)园庭,栖(qi)托池(chi)御,稻粱为惠,恣其(qi)容与。于(yu)(yu)是翕羽(yu)宛(wan)颈,屏气(qi)销声,灭烟(yan)霞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)想,闷江(jiang)海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幽(you)情。何时(shi)骧首奋翼,上(shang)凌太(tai)清(qing),骞(qian)翥鼓舞,远(yuan)薄层城。恶(e)禽视(shi)而(er)不贵,小鸟(niao)顾而(er)相轻,安控地而(er)无耻(chi),岂冲(chong)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)复荣!若(ruo)夫图南之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羽(yu),伟而(er)去羡,栖(qi)睫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虫(chong),微(wei)而(er)不贱,各遂(sui)性于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)壤,弗(fu)企怀(huai)以(yi)交战。不听(ting)咸池(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乐,不飨(xiang)太(tai)牢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)荐,匹晨鸡而(er)共饮,偶野凫以(yi)同膳。匪扬声以(yi)显闻,宁校体而(er)求见,聊寓形乎沼沚(zhi),且夷心于(yu)(yu)溏淀。齐荣辱以(yi)晏如,承君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余眄。
开皇初,以母老,表请(qing)解职,优(you)诏(zhao)许之。思道自恃才(cai)地,多所陵轹,由是官(guan)途沦(lun)滞(zhi)。既(ji)而又(you)著(zhu)《劳生(sheng)论》,指切(qie)当(dang)时,其词曰:
《庄子》曰:“大塊劳(lao)我以生。”诚(cheng)哉(zai)斯(si)言也!余(yu)年(nian)五十,羸(lei)老云至(zhi),追惟畴昔,勤矣厥生。乃著兹论,因(yin)言时云尔。
罢郡屏(ping)居(ju),有客造余(yu)者,少选(xuan)之顷,盱衡而言曰:“生者天(tian)地之大德,人者有生之最灵(ling),所(suo)以作配(pei)两(liang)仪(yi),称贵群品(pin),妍蚩愚智之辩,天(tian)悬壤隔,行己立(li)身之异,入海(hai)登山。今吾子生于右地,九(jiu)叶(ye)卿族,天(tian)授俊才(cai),万夫所(suo)仰(yang),学(xue)综流(liu)略,慕孔门(men)之游、夏,辞穷丽则,拟汉日之卿、云。行藏有节,进退以礼(li),不(bu)谄不(bu)骄,无愠无怿,偃仰(yang)贵贱之间(jian),从容语默之际,何(he)其裕也!下走所(suo)欣羡焉。”
余莞(guan)尔(er)而(er)笑曰:“未之(zhi)(zhi)思(si)乎(hu)?何(he)所(suo)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)过也!子其清耳(er),请(qing)为(wei)左右(you)陈之(zhi)(zhi)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)也,皆未若(ruo)无生(sheng)(sheng)。在余之(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng),劳亦(yi)勤止,纨绮之(zhi)(zhi)年,伏膺教义,规行(xing)矩步,从(cong)善而(er)登(deng)。巾冠之(zhi)(zhi)后,濯缨受署,缰(jiang)锁(suo)仁义,笼(long)绊朝市。失翘陆之(zhi)(zhi)本性(xing),丧江湖之(zhi)(zhi)远情,沦此风波(bo),溺于倒(dao)踬,忧劳总至,事非(fei)一(yi)(yi)绪(xu)。何(he)则(ze)?地(di)胄高(gao)华,既致(zhi)嫌于管库,才(cai)识美茂,亦(yi)受嫉于愚庸(yong)。笃学(xue)强记,聋瞽(gu)于焉侧目,清言(yan)河泻,木讷所(suo)以(yi)疚心。岂徒虫惜春浆,鸱(chi)吝腐(fu)鼠,相江都(dou)而(er)永叹(tan),傅长沙而(er)不(bu)归,固亦(yi)鲁值(zhi)臧仓,楚逢(feng)(feng)靳尚,赵(zhao)壹为(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)哀歌,张(zhang)升于是恸哭(ku)。有齐之(zhi)(zhi)季(ji),不(bu)遇休明(ming),申脰(dou)就鞅,屏迹无地(di)。段珪、张(zhang)让,金贝是视,贾谧、郭淮,腥臊可餍。淫刑(xing)以(yi)逞,祸(huo)近池鱼,耳(er)听恶来之(zhi)(zhi)谗,足践龙逢(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)血。周(zhou)氏末叶,仍(reng)值(zhi)僻王,敛笏升阶(jie),汗流(liu)浃背,莒客之(zhi)(zhi)踵跻焦原,匹(pi)兹非(fei)险,齐人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)手执马尾,方此未危。若(ruo)乃羊肠、句注之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),据(ju)鞍振策,武落、鸡田之(zhi)(zhi)外,栉风沐雨(yu),三(san)旬九(jiu)食,不(bu)敢称(cheng)弊(bi),此之(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)役,盖其小小者耳(er)。今(jin)泰运肇开,四门(men)以(yi)穆,冕旒(liu)司契于上(shang),夔、龙佐命于下,岐伯、善卷(juan),耻徇幽忧,卞随、务光,悔从(cong)木石。余年在秋方,已迫知命,情礼(li)宜(yi)退(tui),不(bu)获晏安(an)。一(yi)(yi)叶从(cong)风,无损邓林之(zhi)(zhi)攒植,双凫退(tui)飞,不(bu)亏(kui)渤澥之(zhi)(zhi)游泳(yong)。耕田凿井,晚息(xi)晨(chen)兴,候南山之(zhi)(zhi)朝云,揽北堂之(zhi)(zhi)明(ming)月。氾胜(sheng)九(jiu)谷之(zhi)(zhi)书(shu),观其节制,崔实四人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)令,奉以(yi)周(zhou)旋。晨(chen)荷蓑笠,白(bai)屋黄冠之(zhi)(zhi)伍(wu),夕(xi)谈(tan)谷稼,沾(zhan)体涂足之(zhi)(zhi)伦。浊酒(jiu)盈樽,高(gao)歌满席,恍兮(xi)惚兮(xi),天地(di)一(yi)(yi)指。此野人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)乐(le)也,子或以(yi)是羡余乎(hu)?”
客(ke)曰:“吾子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),既(ji)闻(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矣。他人有心,又请论(lun)其(qi)梗概。”余(yu)答曰:“云飞泥沉,卑(bei)高(gao)异等(deng),圆行方(fang)止,动息殊致。是(shi)以(yi)摩霄运海,轻(qing)罻罗于(yu)薮(sou)泽,五(wu)衢(qu)四照(zhao),忽斤(jin)斧于(yu)山林。余(yu)晚(wan)值昌辰,遂(sui)其(qi)弱(ruo)尚,观人事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陨获,睹(du)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)路之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邅(zhan)危。玄冬修夜(ye),静言长(zhang)想(xiang),可以(yi)累叹(tan)悼心,流(liu)涕(ti)酸鼻(bi)。人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百年,脆促(cu)已(yi)甚(shen),奔驹流(liu)电,不(bu)(bu)可为(wei)辞。顾慕周(zhou)章,数纪(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内,穷通(tong)荣(rong)辱(ru),事(shi)无(wu)(wu)足道(dao)。而(er)(er)有识(shi)者(zhe)鲜(xian),无(wu)(wu)识(shi)者(zhe)多(duo),褊隘凡近,轻(qing)险躁薄。居家(jia)则人面兽(shou)心,不(bu)(bu)孝不(bu)(bu)义,出门则谄(chan)谀(yu)谗佞(ning),无(wu)(wu)愧无(wu)(wu)耻。退身知(zhi)足,忘伯阳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炯戒(jie),陈力就(jiu)列,弃(qi)周(zhou)任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)格言。悠(you)(you)悠(you)(you)远(yuan)古,斯患已(yi)积,迄于(yu)近代,此蠹(du)尤深(shen)。范卿捴(zong)让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,搢绅不(bu)(bu)嗣,《夏书》昏垫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪,执(zhi)政所安。朝露未(wei)晞(xi),小(xiao)车盈董、石(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巷,夕阳且落,皁盖填(tian)阎、窦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)里。皆如(ru)(ru)(ru)脂如(ru)(ru)(ru)韦(wei),俯偻匍匐,啖恶(e)求(qiu)媚,舐痔(zhi)自(zi)亲(qin)。美言谄(chan)笑(xiao),助其(qi)愉(yu)乐,诈泣佞(ning)哀,恤其(qi)丧纪(ji)。近通(tong)旨酒,远(yuan)贡文蛇,艳(yan)姬(ji)美女,委如(ru)(ru)(ru)脱(tuo)屣(xi),金铣玉华(hua),弃(qi)同遗迹。及邓通(tong)失路,一簪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贿(hui)无(wu)(wu)馀,梁(liang)冀就(jiu)诛,五(wu)侯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)贵将起。向(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求(qiu)官买职(zhi),晚(wan)谒晨趋(qu),刺促(cu)望(wang)尘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧游,伊优上(shang)堂(tang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夜(ye)客(ke),始则亡魂褫魄,若(ruo)(ruo)牛兄(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遇(yu)兽(shou),心战(zhan)色沮,似(si)叶公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)见(jian)龙;俄而(er)(er)抵掌扬眉,高(gao)视阔(kuo)步(bu),结侣弃(qi)廉公之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第(di),携手哭圣卿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门。华(hua)毂生(sheng)尘,来如(ru)(ru)(ru)激矢,雀罗暂设,去等(deng)绝弦。饴蜜(mi)非甘,山川未(wei)阻,千(qian)变(bian)万化,鬼(gui)出神入。为(wei)此者(zhe)皆衣冠(guan)士族,或有艺(yi)能,不(bu)(bu)耻不(bu)(bu)仁,不(bu)(bu)畏不(bu)(bu)义,靡愧友朋,莫(mo)惭妻子。外呈厚貌,内蕴百心,繇(zhou)是(shi)则纡青佩紫,牧(mu)州(zhou)典(dian)郡,冠(guan)帻劫人,厚自(zi)封殖。妍歌妙舞,列鼎撞钟(zhong),耳倦丝桐,口饫珍旨。虽素论(lun)以(yi)为(wei)非,而(er)(er)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)责,末(mo)俗(su)蚩(chi)蚩(chi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)此之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敝。余(yu)则违时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)薄宦,屏息穷居,甚(shen)耻驱(qu)驰,深(shen)畏乾没。心若(ruo)(ruo)死灰(hui),不(bu)(bu)营势利,家(jia)无(wu)(wu)儋石(shi),不(bu)(bu)费囊(nang)钱。偶影(ying)联官,将数十(shi)载,驽拙致笑(xiao),轻(qing)生(sheng)所以(yi)告劳(lao)也。真人御宇,斫雕为(wei)朴,人知(zhi)荣(rong)辱(ru),时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)反邕熙。风力上(shang)宰,内敷文教(jiao),方(fang)、邵(shao)重臣,外扬武节。被之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大道(dao),洽以(yi)淳风,举必以(yi)才,爵无(wu)(wu)滥授。禀斯首鼠,不(bu)(bu)预衣簪,阿党比周(zhou),扫地俱尽,轻(qing)薄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)俦,灭(mie)影(ying)窜迹。砾石(shi)变(bian)成(cheng)瑜瑾,莨(lang)莠化为(wei)芝兰(lan)。曩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扇俗(su)搅时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),骇耳秽目(mu),今悉不(bu)(bu)闻(wen)不(bu)(bu)见(jian),莫(mo)余(yu)敢侮。《易》曰:‘圣人作而(er)(er)万物睹(du)’,斯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)谓乎!”
岁馀(yu),被征,奉诏郊劳陈使(shi)。顷之(zhi),遭(zao)母忧,未几,起为散骑侍郎,奏内史侍郎事。于时(shi)议置(zhi)六卿,将除(chu)大理(li)(li)。思道上奏曰:“省有(you)驾部(bu),寺(si)留太仆(pu),省有(you)刑部(bu),寺(si)除(chu)大理(li)(li),斯则重畜产而贱刑名,诚为未可。”又陈殿(dian)庭(ting)非杖罚(fa)之(zhi)所(suo),朝臣犯(fan)笞罪,请以赎论,上悉嘉(jia)纳之(zhi)。是岁,卒于京师(shi),时(shi)年五十二。上甚惜(xi)之(zhi),遣使(shi)吊祭焉。有(you)集三十卷,行于时(shi)。子赤松(song),大业中(zhong),官至河(he)东长史。
昌(chang)衡字子(zi)(zi)(zi)均。父道(dao)(dao)虔,魏(wei)尚(shang)书(shu)仆射(she)。昌(chang)衡小字龙(long)子(zi)(zi)(zi),风神淡(dan)雅,容(rong)止可法,博涉(she)经史,工草行(xing)书(shu)。从弟思(si)道(dao)(dao),小字释奴(nu),宗(zong)中俱称英妙。故幽(you)州为(wei)之语(yu)曰(yue):“卢(lu)家千里,释奴(nu)、龙(long)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。”年(nian)十(shi)七(qi),魏(wei)济阴王元晖业召补太尉参军事(shi),兼外兵参军。齐(qi)氏受禅,历平恩(en)令(ling)(ling)、太子(zi)(zi)(zi)舍人(ren)。寻为(wei)仆射(she)祖孝(xiao)徵所荐,迁(qian)尚(shang)书(shu)金(jin)部(bu)郎(lang)。孝(xiao)徵每(mei)(mei)曰(yue): “吾用卢(lu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)均为(wei)尚(shang)书(shu)郎(lang),自(zi)谓无愧幽(you)州矣。”其后兼散骑侍(shi)郎(lang),迎劳周(zhou)使(shi)。武帝平齐(qi),授(shou)司玉中士(shi),与大宗(zong)伯斛斯徵修礼令(ling)(ling)。开皇初,拜尚(shang)书(shu)祠部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang)。高(gao)祖尝大集群(qun)下,令(ling)(ling)自(zi)陈(chen)(chen)(chen)功绩,人(ren)皆竞(jing)进(jin),昌(chang)衡独无所言。左(zuo)仆射(she)高(gao)颎(jiong)目(mu)而异之。陈(chen)(chen)(chen)使(shi)贺彻(che)、周(zhou)濆相(xiang)继来(lai)聘,朝(chao)廷每(mei)(mei)令(ling)(ling)昌(chang)衡接对之。未几,出(chu)为(wei)徐州总管(guan)长(zhang)史,甚(shen)有(you)能名。吏部(bu)尚(shang)书(shu)苏威考(kao)之曰(yue):“德(de)为(wei)人(ren)表,行(xing)为(wei)士(shi)则(ze)。”论者以为(wei)美谈。尝行(xing)至浚仪,所乘(cheng)马为(wei)他(ta)牛所触,因致(zhi)死。牛主陈(chen)(chen)(chen)谢(xie),求还(hai)价直,昌(chang)衡谓之曰(yue):“六(liu)畜相(xiang)触,自(zi)关常理,此岂人(ren)情也,君何谢(xie)?”拒(ju)而不(bu)(bu)受。性宽厚不(bu)(bu)校(xiao),皆此类也。转寿(shou)州总管(guan)长(zhang)史。总管(guan)宇文述(shu)甚(shen)敬之,委以州务。岁馀,迁(qian)金(jin)州刺(ci)史。仁寿(shou)中,奉诏持节为(wei)河南道(dao)(dao)巡省大使(shi),及(ji)还(hai),以奉使(shi)称旨,授(shou)仪同三司,赐物三百段。昌(chang)衡自(zi)以年(nian)在悬车,表乞(qi)骸骨,优诏不(bu)(bu)许(xu)。大业初,征为(wei)太子(zi)(zi)(zi)左(zuo)庶子(zi)(zi)(zi),行(xing)诣洛阳,道(dao)(dao)卒,时年(nian)七(qi)十(shi)二。子(zi)(zi)(zi)宝(bao)(bao)素(su)、宝(bao)(bao)胤。
李孝贞
李孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),字元操,赵郡柏人人也。父(fu)希礼,齐(qi)信州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),世(shi)为(wei)著(zhu)姓(xing)。孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)少(shao)好学,能属(shu)文(wen)(wen)。在齐(qi)释褐司徒(tu)府参(can)军事(shi)。简(jian)静不妄(wang)通(tong)宾客(ke),与(yu)(yu)从兄仪(yi)曹郎(lang)中骚、太(tai)(tai)子舍人季节、博陵崔(cui)子武、范(fan)阳卢询祖为(wei)断金之(zhi)契。后(hou)(hou)以射策甲科拜给(ji)事(shi)中。于(yu)时黄门侍(shi)郎(lang)高(gao)乾和(he)亲(qin)要用事(shi),求(qiu)婚于(yu)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)拒(ju)之(zhi),由(you)是有隙,阴谮之(zhi),出为(wei)太(tai)(tai)尉(wei)(wei)府外(wai)兵参(can)军。后(hou)(hou)历中书舍人、博陵太(tai)(tai)守(shou)、司州(zhou)别驾,复(fu)兼散(san)骑常侍(shi)、聘周使副(fu),还除给(ji)事(shi)黄门侍(shi)郎(lang)。周武帝平齐(qi),授仪(yi)同(tong)三司、少(shao)典祀下(xia)大(da)夫。宣帝即位,转吏(li)部下(xia)大(da)夫。高(gao)祖为(wei)丞(cheng)相,尉(wei)(wei)迥(jiong)作(zuo)乱相州(zhou),孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)从韦(wei)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宽击之(zhi),以功授上(shang)仪(yi)同(tong)三司。开皇初,拜冯翊太(tai)(tai)守(shou),为(wei)犯庙讳,于(yu)是称(cheng)字。后(hou)(hou)数岁,迁蒙州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi),吏(li)民安之(zhi)。自此(ci)不复(fu)留意(yi)于(yu)文(wen)(wen)笔,人问其故(gu),慨然(ran)叹曰(yue):“五十之(zhi)年,倏焉而过(guo),鬓垂素发(fa),筋力(li)已(yi)衰,宦意(yi)文(wen)(wen)情(qing),一(yi)时尽矣(yi),悲夫!”然(ran)每(mei)暇日(ri),辄引(yin)宾客(ke)弦(xian)歌对酒(jiu),终(zhong)日(ri)为(wei)欢。征拜内(nei)史(shi)(shi)侍(shi)郎(lang),与(yu)(yu)内(nei)史(shi)(shi)李德林参(can)典文(wen)(wen)翰(han)。然(ran)孝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)贞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)无干剧之(zhi)用,颇称(cheng)不理(li),上(shang)谴怒之(zhi),敕御史(shi)(shi)劾其事(shi),由(you)是出为(wei)金州(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)(shi)。卒官。所著(zhu)文(wen)(wen)集(ji)二十卷,行于(yu)世(shi)。有子允玉。
孝贞弟孝威,亦(yi)有雅望,大业中,官至大理少卿。
薛道衡从弟孺
薛道(dao)衡(heng)(heng),字玄卿(qing),河(he)东(dong)汾阴人(ren)也。祖聪,魏济(ji)州(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史。父孝通(tong),常(chang)山(shan)太守(shou)。道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)六岁(sui)而孤,专精好(hao)学。年十(shi)三,讲《左(zuo)氏传》,见子产相郑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,作《国侨赞》,颇(po)(po)有词致(zhi),见者(zhe)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)后(hou)才名益著,齐司州(zhou)(zhou)牧、彭(peng)城王浟引为(wei)兵曹从事。尚书左(zuo)仆射弘农(nong)杨遵彦,一代伟(wei)人(ren),见而嗟赏。授奉朝请。吏(li)部尚书陇(long)西辛术(shu)与(yu)(yu)语(yu),叹曰: “郑公业不亡(wang)矣(yi)(yi)。”河(he)东(dong)裴谳目(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰:“自(zi)鼎(ding)迁河(he)朔,吾谓(wei)(wei)关西孔子罕值其(qi)人(ren),今复(fu)遇薛君矣(yi)(yi)。”武(wu)成作相,召为(wei)记室,及(ji)(ji)即位,累迁太尉(wei)府主(zhu)簿(bu)。岁(sui)馀,兼散骑(qi)常(chang)侍(shi),接(jie)对周、陈(chen)二(er)使。武(wu)平初,诏(zhao)(zhao)与(yu)(yu)诸(zhu)儒修定《五(wu)(wu)礼(li)》,除尚书左(zuo)外兵郎(lang)(lang)。陈(chen)使傅縡聘齐,以道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)兼主(zhu)客(ke)郎(lang)(lang)接(jie)对之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。縡赠诗五(wu)(wu)十(shi)韵,道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),南(nan)北称(cheng)美。魏收曰: “傅縡所谓(wei)(wei)以蚓投鱼耳。”待(dai)诏(zhao)(zhao)文林馆,与(yu)(yu)范阳卢(lu)思道(dao)、安平李德(de)林齐名友(you)善。复(fu)以本官直中书省(sheng),寻拜中书侍(shi)郎(lang)(lang),仍参太子侍(shi)读。后(hou)主(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)时,渐见亲(qin)用(yong),于(yu)时颇(po)(po)有附会(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)讥。后(hou)与(yu)(yu)侍(shi)中斛律孝卿(qing)参预政事,道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)具陈(chen)备(bei)周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策,孝卿(qing)不能(neng)用(yong)。及(ji)(ji)齐亡(wang),周武(wu)引为(wei)御(yu)史二(er)命士。后(hou)归(gui)乡里,自(zi)州(zhou)(zhou)主(zhu)簿(bu)入为(wei)司禄上士。
高祖(zu)作相(xiang),从(cong)元帅梁睿(rui)击王(wang)谦(qian),摄陵(ling)州刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。大(da)定(ding)中,授(shou)(shou)仪同(tong)(tong),摄邛州刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。高祖(zu)受(shou)禅,坐事除名。河间王(wang)弘北(bei)征突厥,召典(dian)军书,还(hai)除内史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舍人(ren)。其(qi)年,兼(jian)散骑(qi)常侍,聘陈(chen)(chen)主(zhu)(zhu)使。道衡(heng)因奏曰(yue)(yue):“江(jiang)东(dong)蕞尔(er)一(yi)(yi)隅,僭擅遂久(jiu),实(shi)由永(yong)嘉已(yi)后,华夏(xia)分(fen)(fen)崩。刘、石、符、姚、慕容(rong)、赫连之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辈,妄(wang)窃名号,寻亦灭(mie)亡。魏氏自(zi)(zi)北(bei)徂南(nan),未遑(huang)远略(lve)。周、齐两(liang)立,务在兼(jian)并(bing),所以(yi)江(jiang)表(biao)逋诛(zhu),积有(you)(you)年祀。陛下圣德天挺,光膺宝(bao)祚(zuo),比隆三(san)(san)代(dai),平一(yi)(yi)九(jiu)州,岂(qi)容(rong)使区(qu)(qu)区(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陈(chen)(chen),久(jiu)在天网之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外?臣今(jin)奉使,请责以(yi)称籓。”高祖(zu)曰(yue)(yue):“朕且含养(yang),置之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度外,勿以(yi)言(yan)辞相(xiang)折,识朕意(yi)焉。”江(jiang)东(dong)雅(ya)好篇什,陈(chen)(chen)主(zhu)(zhu)尤(you)爱(ai)雕(diao)虫,道衡(heng)每(mei)有(you)(you)所作,南(nan)人(ren)无不吟(yin)诵焉。及八年伐陈(chen)(chen),授(shou)(shou)淮(huai)南(nan)道行台尚书吏部郎(lang)(lang),兼(jian)掌文(wen)(wen)翰(han)。王(wang)师临江(jiang),高颎夜坐幕下,谓(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“今(jin)段之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)举(ju),克(ke)(ke)定(ding)江(jiang)东(dong)已(yi)不?君试(shi)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”道衡(heng)答曰(yue)(yue):“凡论(lun)大(da)事成(cheng)败,先(xian)须以(yi)至(zhi)理断之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。《禹贡》所载九(jiu)州,本是王(wang)者(zhe)封域。后汉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)季,群(qun)雄竞(jing)起,孙权兄弟遂有(you)(you)吴、楚(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。晋(jin)武受(shou)命,寻即(ji)吞并(bing),永(yong)嘉南(nan)迁,重此分(fen)(fen)割。自(zi)(zi)尔(er)已(yi)来(lai),战争不息,否终(zhong)斯泰,天道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恆(heng)。郭璞有(you)(you)云:‘江(jiang)东(dong)偏王(wang)三(san)(san)百年,还(hai)与中国(guo)(guo)合。’今(jin)数(shu)(shu)将满(man)矣。以(yi)运数(shu)(shu)而(er)(er)(er)言(yan),其(qi)必克(ke)(ke)一(yi)(yi)也(ye)。有(you)(you)德者(zhe)昌,无德者(zhe)亡,自(zi)(zi)古兴灭(mie),皆由此道。主(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)躬履(lv)恭俭,忧(you)劳庶政,叔(shu)宝(bao)峻宇(yu)雕(diao)墙,酣(han)酒荒色。上(shang)下离心,人(ren)神(shen)同(tong)(tong)愤,其(qi)必克(ke)(ke)二也(ye)。为国(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)体,在于(yu)任(ren)寄,彼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公卿,备员而(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。拔小人(ren)施文(wen)(wen)庆委(wei)以(yi)政事,尚书令江(jiang)总(zong)唯事诗酒,本非经(jing)略(lve)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai),萧摩诃(he)、任(ren)蛮奴是其(qi)大(da)将,一(yi)(yi)夫(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用耳。其(qi)必克(ke)(ke)三(san)(san)也(ye)。我有(you)(you)道而(er)(er)(er)大(da),彼无德而(er)(er)(er)小,量其(qi)甲士,不过十万。西自(zi)(zi)巫峡,东(dong)至(zhi)沧海,分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则势(shi)悬而(er)(er)(er)力弱,聚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)则守此而(er)(er)(er)失彼。其(qi)必克(ke)(ke)四(si)也(ye)。席卷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)势(shi),其(qi)在不疑。”颎忻(xin)然(ran)(ran)曰(yue)(yue):“君言(yan)成(cheng)败,事理分(fen)(fen)明(ming),吾今(jin)豁然(ran)(ran)矣。本以(yi)才(cai)学相(xiang)期(qi),不意(yi)筹略(lve)乃尔(er)。”还(hai)除吏部侍郎(lang)(lang)。后坐抽擢人(ren)物,有(you)(you)言(yan)其(qi)党苏威,任(ren)人(ren)有(you)(you)意(yi)故者(zhe),除名,配防岭表(biao)。晋(jin)王(wang)广(guang)时在扬(yang)州,阴令人(ren)讽道衡(heng)从(cong)扬(yang)州路,将奏留之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。道衡(heng)不乐(le)王(wang)府,用汉王(wang)谅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)计,遂出江(jiang)陵(ling)道而(er)(er)(er)去(qu)。寻有(you)(you)诏征还(hai),直内史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)省。晋(jin)王(wang)由是衔(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)(ran)爱(ai)其(qi)才(cai),犹颇见礼(li)。后数(shu)(shu)岁,授(shou)(shou)内史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)侍郎(lang)(lang),加上(shang)仪同(tong)(tong)三(san)(san)司(si)。
道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)每至(zhi)构文,必隐(yin)坐空斋,蹋壁(bi)而卧,闻户外有人便(bian)怒,其(qi)沉思如(ru)此。高(gao)(gao)祖每曰:“薛(xue)道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)作文书称(cheng)我意。”然诫之以(yi)迂(yu)诞。后高(gao)(gao)祖善(shan)其(qi)称(cheng)职,谓杨素(su)、牛弘(hong)曰:“道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)老矣(yi),驱使勤劳,宜使其(qi)硃门陈戟。”于是进(jin)位上开府,赐(ci)物(wu)百段。道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)辞以(yi)无功,高(gao)(gao)祖曰:“尔(er)(er)久劳阶(jie)陛,国家大事,皆尔(er)(er)宣(xuan)行(xing),岂(qi)非尔(er)(er)功也?”道(dao)衡(heng)(heng)久当(dang)枢要,才名(ming)益(yi)显(xian),太(tai)子诸王争相与交,高(gao)(gao)颎、杨素(su)雅(ya)相推重(zhong),声名(ming)籍甚,无竞一时。
仁寿中,杨素专掌朝政,道衡(heng)既与素善,上不欲(yu)(yu)道衡(heng)久知机(ji)密,因(yin)出检校襄州(zhou)总管。道衡(heng)久蒙(meng)驱策,一旦违(wei)离,不胜(sheng)悲恋(lian),言之(zhi)哽咽。高祖(zu)怆然改容曰:“尔光阴(yin)晚暮,侍奉诚劳。朕欲(yu)(yu)令尔将摄(she),兼抚萌(meng)俗(su)。今(jin)尔之(zhi)去,朕如断(duan)一臂。”于是赉物三百段(duan),九环金带(dai),并时(shi)服一袭,马十匹,慰勉遣之(zhi)。在任清(qing)简,吏民怀其惠。
炀帝(di)(di)嗣(si)位,转番(fan)州刺史(shi)(shi)。岁馀,上表求致(zhi)仕(shi)。帝(di)(di)谓(wei)内史(shi)(shi)侍郎虞世基曰(yue):“道衡将至(zhi),当以秘书(shu)监待(dai)之。”道衡既至(zhi),上《高祖文皇(huang)帝(di)(di)颂》,其(qi)词曰(yue):
太始太素,荒茫造化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu);天皇地皇,杳冥书(shu)契之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外。其(qi)道(dao)绝,其(qi)迹远,言谈所(suo)不诣,耳目(mu)所(suo)不追。至于(yu)入穴登巢,鹑居(ju)鷇饮,不殊(shu)于(yu)羽族,取类于(yu)毛群,亦何(he)贵于(yu)人(ren)灵,何(he)用于(yu)心识?羲、轩已降,爰暨(ji)唐、虞(yu),则乾象而(er)施法度,观人(ren)文而(er)化天下(xia),然(ran)后帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位可重,圣哲(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)为(wei)尊。夏后、殷、周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)国,禹、汤、文、武之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu),功济生民,声流《雅颂》,然(ran)陵替于(yu)三五,惭德于(yu)干(gan)戈。秦居(ju)闰(run)位,任刑(xing)名(ming)为(wei)政(zheng)本,汉执灵图,杂霸道(dao)而(er)为(wei)业。当(dang)涂兴而(er)三方峙,典午末而(er)四海(hai)乱。九州封域,窟穴鲸鲵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群;五都遗黎,蹴踏戎马之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足。虽玄行定嵩、洛,木运据崤、函,未正沧海(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流,讵息昆山之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燎!协千龄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旦暮,当(dang)万(wan)叶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一朝者,其(qi)在大隋乎?
粤若(ruo)高(gao)祖文皇(huang)帝,诞圣降(jiang)灵(ling),则(ze)赤(chi)(chi)光照(zhao)室(shi),韬神(shen)(shen)晦迹(ji),则(ze)紫(zi)气(qi)腾天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。龙(long)颜日角(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奇,玉理珠(zhu)衡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)异,著(zhu)在(zai)图箓,彰(zhang)乎仪表(biao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)帝系灵(ling)长(zhang),神(shen)(shen)基崇峻,类邠、岐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)累德,异丰、沛(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勃起。俯膺历(li)试,纳揆宾门,位长(zhang)六卿,望高(gao)百(bai)辟(pi),犹(you)重华(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)为(wei)太尉,若(ruo)文命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)任(ren)司空。苍历(li)将尽,率土(tu)糜沸,玉弩惊天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),金芒照(zhao)野(ye)。奸雄挺祸,据(ju)河(he)朔而(er)(er)(er)(er)连(lian)海岱;猾长(zhang)纵恶,杜(du)白马(ma)(ma)而(er)(er)(er)(er)塞(sai)成皋(gao)。庸、蜀逆命(ming),凭铜梁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险(xian);郧、黄(huang)背诞,引(yin)金陵之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寇。三川已震,九(jiu)鼎(ding)将飞。高(gao)祖龙(long)跃凤翔,濡足授手,应(ying)赤(chi)(chi)伏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)符,受玄狐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)箓,命(ming)百(bai)下百(bai)胜(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)将,动(dong)九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)九(jiu)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)师,平(ping)共(gong)工而(er)(er)(er)(er)殄蚩尤,翦(jian)犭契窳而(er)(er)(er)(er)戮凿齿(chi)。不(bu)(bu)烦二十(shi)八将,无假五十(shi)二征,曾未(wei)逾时,妖逆咸殄,廓(kuo)氛(fen)雾于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)区宇,出(chu)黎(li)元于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)涂炭。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)柱倾而(er)(er)(er)(er)还正,地维绝而(er)(er)(er)(er)更纽。殊方稽颡,识(shi)牛(niu)马(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)内向(xiang);乐师伏地,惧钟石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)变声。万姓所以乐推,三灵(ling)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是改(gai)卜。坛场(chang)已备,犹(you)弘(hong)五让之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心;亿兆难违,方从四海之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)请(qing)。光临宝祚,展礼郊丘(qiu),舞六代而(er)(er)(er)(er)降(jiang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)神(shen)(shen),陈(chen)四圭而(er)(er)(er)(er)飨(xiang)上(shang)帝,乾坤交泰(tai),品物咸亨。酌前王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令典(dian),改(gai)易(yi)(yi)徽(hui)号;因庶萌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)子来,移创都邑(yi)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)文上(shang)当硃鸟,地理下据(ju)黑龙(long),正位辨方,揆影于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)日月,内宫外(wai)座,取(qu)法于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辰(chen)象。悬政教于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)魏(wei)阙,朝群后于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明(ming)堂,除旧布新,移风易(yi)(yi)俗。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)街之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)表(biao),地脉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai),獯猃(xian)孔炽,其来自久,横行十(shi)万,樊哙于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是失辞,提(ti)步五千,李陵所以陷没。周、齐两(liang)盛,竞(jing)结旄头,娉(ping)狄(di)后于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)漠北(bei),未(wei)足息其侵(qin)扰,倾珍藏于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)山东(dong),不(bu)(bu)能止其贪暴(bao)。炎灵(ling)启祚,圣皇(huang)驭宇,运天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)策于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帷扆,播神(shen)(shen)威(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)沙朔,柳室(shi)、氈裘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)长(zhang),皆为(wei)臣隶,瀚海、蹛林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地,尽充池苑(yuan)。三吴、百(bai)越,九(jiu)江五湖,地分(fen)南北(bei),天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)隔(ge)内外(wai),谈黄(huang)旗(qi)紫(zi)盖之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)气(qi),恃龙(long)蟠兽据(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)险(xian),恆有僭伪(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君,妄窃(qie)帝王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)号。时经(jing)五代,年移三百(bai),爰降(jiang)皇(huang)情,永怀大(da)道,愍彼黎(li)献,独(du)为(wei)匪人。今上(shang)利建在(zai)唐,则(ze)哲(zhe)居代,地凭宸极,天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)纵神(shen)(shen)武,受脤出(chu)车,一举平(ping)定。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是八荒无外(wai),九(jiu)服(fu)大(da)同,四海为(wei)家,万里为(wei)宅。乃休牛(niu)散(san)马(ma)(ma),偃武修文。
自华夏乱离,绵积(ji)年代,人(ren)造(zao)战争之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具,家习浇伪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)风,圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遗训莫(mo)存,先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旧典(dian)咸(xian)坠(zhui)。爰命秩宗,刊(kan)定《五礼(li)》,申(shen)敕太子,改正六(liu)乐。玉帛樽(zun)俎(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仪,节(jie)文乃(nai)备;金石(shi)匏革(ge)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奏(zou),雅俗(su)始分。而(er)留心(xin)政术,垂(chui)神听(ting)览,早(zao)朝(chao)晏罢,废寝忘(wang)食,忧百(bai)姓(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)(wei)安(an),惧一(yi)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失所(suo)(suo)。行先王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道,夜思(si)待旦;革(ge)百(bai)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)弊,朝(chao)不(bu)及夕(xi)。见(jian)一(yi)善事,喜彰于(yu)(yu)(yu)容旨;闻一(yi)愆(qian)犯(fan),叹深于(yu)(yu)(yu)在予。薄赋轻(qing)徭,务农(nong)重谷,仓(cang)廪(lin)有(you)红(hong)腐(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)积(ji),黎萌(meng)无(wu)阻(zu)饥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虑(lv)。天(tian)性弘慈,圣心(xin)恻(ce)隐,恩加禽兽(shou),胎卵于(yu)(yu)(yu)是获全,仁沾草(cao)木,牛羊所(suo)(suo)以(yi)勿践。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)宪章重典(dian),刑(xing)名(ming)大辟,申(shen)法而(er)屈情,决(jue)断(duan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)俄顷,故能彝伦攸(you)叙,上下齐肃。左右绝谄谀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路,缙绅无(wu)势力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)门。小心(xin)翼翼,敬(jing)事于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)地;终日(ri)乾乾,诫慎于(yu)(yu)(yu)亢(kang)极。陶黎萌(meng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)德(de)化,致风俗(su)于(yu)(yu)(yu)太康,公(gong)卿庶尹,遐(xia)迩岳(yue)(yue)牧,佥以(yi)天(tian)平地成,千载(zai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嘉会,登(deng)封降(jiang)(jiang)禅(shan),百(bai)王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盛典(dian),宜(yi)其金泥玉检,展礼(li)介丘,飞声腾(teng)实,常为(wei)称首。天(tian)子为(wei)而(er)不(bu)恃,成而(er)不(bu)居,冲(chong)旨凝邈,固辞(ci)弗许。而(er)虽休(xiu)勿休(xiu),上德(de)不(bu)德(de),更乃(nai)洁诚(cheng)岱岳(yue)(yue),逊(xun)谢愆(qian)咎。方知(zhi)六(liu)十四(si)卦,谦捴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道为(wei)尊(zun),七十二君,告(gao)成之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)义为(wei)小,巍巍荡荡,无(wu)得(de)以(yi)称焉。而(er)深诚(cheng)至德(de),感达于(yu)(yu)(yu)穹壤,和气(qi)薰风,充溢于(yu)(yu)(yu)宇宙。二仪降(jiang)(jiang)福,百(bai)灵荐(jian)祉,日(ri)月星象,风云草(cao)树之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祥,山川玉石(shi),鳞介羽毛(mao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瑞,岁见(jian)月彰,不(bu)可胜纪。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)振古(gu)所(suo)(suo)未(wei)(wei)有(you),图籍所(suo)(suo)不(bu)载(zai),目所(suo)(suo)不(bu)见(jian),耳所(suo)(suo)未(wei)(wei)闻。古(gu)语(yu)称圣人(ren)作,万物睹(du),神灵滋,百(bai)宝用,此其效矣。
既而游心(xin)姑射,脱(tuo)屣之(zhi)志已(yi)深;铸(zhu)鼎荆山,升天之(zhi)驾遂远(yuan)(yuan)。凡(fan)在黎献,具惟帝臣,慕深考妣,哀缠弓剑,涂山幽峻,无(wu)复玉(yu)帛(bo)之(zhi)礼,长陵寂(ji)寞(mo),空见衣冠之(zhi)游。若乃降精(jing)熛怒(nu),飞(fei)名帝箓,开(kai)运握图,创业(ye)垂(chui)统,圣德(de)也;拨乱反正(zheng),济(ji)国宁人,六合(he)八纮,同文共(gong)轨,神功也;玄酒(jiu)陶匏(pao),云和孤竹,禋祀上帝,尊极配天,大孝也;偃伯戢(ji)戈,正(zheng)礼裁乐(le),纳民寿域(yu),驱(qu)俗福(fu)林,至政也。张四维(wei)而临万宇,侔三皇(huang)而并五帝,岂直锱铢(zhu)周、汉,么麽魏(wei)、晋而已(yi)。虽五行(xing)之(zhi)舞,每陈于(yu)(yu)清庙,九(jiu)德(de)之(zhi)歌,无(wu)绝(jue)于(yu)(yu)乐(le)府,而玄功暢洽,不(bu)局于(yu)(yu)形器,懿业(ye)远(yuan)(yuan)大,岂尽于(yu)(yu)揄(yu)扬。
臣(chen)轻生多幸,命偶兴(xing)运,趋事紫宸,驱(qu)驰丹陛,一辞(ci)天阙,奄隔鼎(ding)湖,空(kong)有(you)攀龙(long)之(zhi)心(xin),徒怀蓐蚁(yi)之(zhi)意。庶凭(ping)毫(hao)翰,敢希赞(zan)述!昔(xi)堙海之(zhi)禽不(bu)增于大地,泣河之(zhi)士非益于洪(hong)流,尽(jin)其(qi)心(xin)之(zhi)所存,望其(qi)力之(zhi)所及,辄缘斯义,不(bu)觉斐然。乃作颂曰:
悠哉邃(sui)古,邈矣(yi)季(ji)世,四海九(jiu)州,万(wan)王(wang)千帝(di)。三代之(zhi)后,其(qi)道逾替,爰逮金(jin)行,不(bu)胜(sheng)其(qi)弊。戎狄猾夏(xia),群凶(xiong)(xiong)纵慝(ni),窃号淫名(ming),十有(you)馀国。怙(hu)威(wei)逞暴,悖礼乱德,五岳尘(chen)飞,三象雾塞(sai)。玄精(jing)启历(li),发迹(ji)幽(you)方,并吞(tun)寇伪,独擅(shan)雄强。载祀(si)二百,比祚(zuo)前王(wang),江湖尚(shang)阻,区域未康。句吴(wu)闽越,河朔渭(wei)涘,九(jiu)县瓜分,三方鼎跱(zhi)。狙(ju)诈不(bu)息,干戈(ge)竞起,东(dong)夏(xia)虽平,乱离瘼(mo)矣(yi)。五运叶期,千年肇旦,赫矣(yi)高祖(zu),人(ren)灵攸赞(zan)。圣德迥生,神谋(mou)独断,瘅恶彰善(shan),夷凶(xiong)(xiong)静难。宗(zong)伯撰仪,太(tai)史练日(ri),孤竹之(zhi)管(guan),云和之(zhi)瑟。展礼上(shang)玄,飞烟太(tai)一,珪璧朝会,山川(chuan)望(wang)秩。占揆星景,移(yi)建邦畿,下凭赤壤,上(shang)叶紫微。布政(zheng)衢室,悬法象魏,帝(di)宅天府,固本崇威(wei)。匈河瀚海,龙荒(huang)狼望(wang),种落陆梁,时犯亭障。皇(huang)威(wei)远(yuan)慑,帝(di)德遐(xia)暢,稽(ji)颡归(gui)诚,称臣内(nei)向。吴(wu)越提(ti)封,斗牛星象,积有(you)年代,自称君(jun)长。大风未缴,长鲸漏网,授钺天人(ren),豁然清(qing)荡。戴日(ri)戴斗,太(tai)平太(tai)蒙,礼教周被,书轨大同。复(fu)禹之(zhi)迹(ji),成舜之(zhi)功,礼以安(an)上(shang),乐以移(yi)风。忧劳庶绩(ji),矜育黔首,三面解罗,万(wan)方引咎(jiu)。纳民轨物,驱时仁寿,神化(hua)隆平,生灵熙(xi)阜。虔(qian)心(xin)恭(gong)己,奉天事地,协(xie)气横流,休徵绍至。坛场望(wang)幸,云亭虚(xu)位,推而(er)不(bu)居(ju),圣道弥粹。齐(qi)迹(ji)姬(ji)文(wen),登发嗣(si)圣,道类汉光,传庄宝命。知来藏往,玄览幽(you)镜,鼎业(ye)灵长,洪基隆盛(sheng)。崆峒问道,汾射窅然,御辩遐(xia)逝,乘云上(shang)仙。哀缠率(lv)土,痛感穹玄,流泽万(wan)叶,用教百年。尚(shang)想睿(rui)图,永惟圣则(ze),道洽(qia)幽(you)显,仁沾(zhan)动(dong)植(zhi)。爻象不(bu)陈(chen),乾坤将息,微臣作颂,用申(shen)罔极(ji)。
帝(di)览之(zhi)不(bu)悦,顾谓(wei)苏威(wei)曰:“道衡(heng)致美先朝(chao),此《鱼藻(zao)》之(zhi)义(yi)也。”于是拜司隶大夫(fu),将置(zhi)之(zhi)罪。道衡(heng)不(bu)悟。司隶刺史(shi)房彦谦(qian)素相善,知(zhi)必及祸,劝(quan)之(zhi)杜绝(jue)宾客,卑辞(ci)下气(qi),而道衡(heng)不(bu)能用(yong)。会议新(xin)令,久不(bu)能决,道衡(heng)谓(wei)朝(chao)士曰:“向(xiang)使高(gao)颎(jiong)不(bu)死,令决当久行。”有(you)(you)人奏之(zhi),帝(di)怒(nu)曰:“汝忆高(gao)颎(jiong)邪(xie)?”付(fu)执法者勘之(zhi)。道衡(heng)自以非大过(guo),促宪(xian)司早断。暨于奏日,冀帝(di)赦之(zhi),敕家人具(ju)馔(zhuan),以备宾客来候者。及奏,帝(di)令自尽(jin)。道衡(heng)殊不(bu)意,未能引诀(jue)。宪(xian)司重(zhong)奏,缢(yi)而杀之(zhi),妻子(zi)徙且(qie)末。时年七十。天下冤之(zhi)。有(you)(you)集七十卷,行于世。
有子五(wu)人,收(shou)最(zui)知名,出(chu)继族父孺(ru)(ru)。孺(ru)(ru)清(qing)贞孤(gu)介(jie),不(bu)交(jiao)流俗,涉历经史(shi)(shi),有才思,虽不(bu)为大(da)文,所(suo)有诗咏,词(ci)致清(qing)远(yuan)。开皇(huang)中,为侍御史(shi)(shi)、扬州总(zong)管(guan)司功参军。每以(yi)方直自处,府僚多不(bu)便之。及(ji)满,转(zhuan)清(qing)阳令、襄城(cheng)郡(jun)掾,卒官。所(suo)经并有惠政。与(yu)道衡偏相友(you)爱,收(shou)初生,即(ji)与(yu)孺(ru)(ru)为后(hou),养于孺(ru)(ru)宅。至于成长,殆不(bu)识本生。太常(chang)丞胡(hu)仲操(cao)曾在朝堂,就(jiu)孺(ru)(ru)借刀子割爪甲。孺(ru)(ru)以(yi)仲操(cao)非雅士,竟不(bu)与(yu)之。其不(bu)肯(ken)妄交(jiao),清(qing)介(jie)独行,皆此类(lei)也(ye)。
道衡兄子迈,官(guan)至选(xuan)部郎,从父弟(di)道实,官(guan)至礼部侍郎、离石太守,并知名于世(shi)。从子德音,有(you)隽才(cai),起家为游骑尉(wei)。佐魏澹修《魏史(shi)》,史(shi)成(cheng),迁著作佐郎。及(ji)越(yue)王侗(dong)称制(zhi)东(dong)都,王世(shi)充(chong)之僭号也,军书(shu)羽檄,皆出其手。世(shi)充(chong)平,以罪(zui)伏诛。所有(you)文(wen)笔(bi),多(duo)行于时。
史臣曰:二三子有齐之季,皆以辞藻著闻,爰历周、隋,咸见推重。李称一代俊伟,薛则时之令望,握灵蛇以俱照,骋逸足以并驱,文雅纵横,金声玉振。静言扬榷,卢居二子之右。李、薛纡青拖紫,思道官途寥落,虽穷通有命,抑亦不护细行之所致也。
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